Text
m
VOWME 4,
A I � i
I H D I A n
NUMBER 2
MAY
1971
'GREEN CARD' BILL
DISTURBS INDIAN TRIBES
TOBIQUE, N.B. - In what was des
cribed as simply a "traditional meet
ing", Indian chiefs from various
tribes which make up the two great
Northeast nations, have met at the
Maliseet reservation near here to
discuss opposing a piece of u.s.
legislation which would abolish the
green card commuter system.
Sen. Edmund S.
uskie is sponsor
.
ing the bill and his office has been
contacted by Indian interests, ac
cording to Loomis Sappier of the
Maliseet Reservation.
Sappier said he had been told by
the "executive secretary" at Muskie's
office that the legislation would
be suspended until further consider
ations have been made in special
regards to the Indians.
In the subsequent meeting at the
reservations Saturday and Sunday,
the Indian chiefs from the Algonquin
and Iroquois nations, which straddle
the U.S. Northeast and Canada's mar
itimes and Quebec from the coast in
to the Great Lakes region, decided
that the Muskie legislation 'poses
no immediate threat' to Indian pri
�
vileges.
S appie r said that the Indian re
preeentatives were more helpful of
futlll'e legislation along the same
lines which would curtail the Indians
ancient rights 'to go where he pleases
in North America without regard for
the irlternat onal boundaries of white
•n·
In the Jay Treaty between the u.s.
d Canada, it was written that Ins should be free to cross the
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border with their personal be
longings as they wished.
The reasoning behind the claus
was that Indians, as the or
iginal citizens of1either Canada
or the U.S., could not rightfulJ-:
be made subject to the white man·
boundaries, and were to be allow
ed the boundaries of their own
nations.
The Muskie legislation would
prohibit aliens from residing in
the u.s. for the purpose of work
ing with no intention of becoming
a citizen.
The reasoning for the bill is
that the current green card sys
tem allows thousands of Mexicans
and Canadaians to live and work
in the U.S. thereby increasing
unemployment, lowering pay scales
and boosting welfare costs.
The bill would further provide
economic assistance to border
areas where aliens could commute
to work while residing in their
natural nation.
The Indians, accord�ng to Sap
pier, feared that the Muskie bill
would infringe on their long hon
·ared rights to come and go as thE
They want the bill held
please.
up until special provision has
been made for them in line with
existing treati•s.
(From Bangor Daily News, 6/4/?l)
S�e page 15 for fur
(Ed. Notes
ther infonnat ·on on "this meetin�·
of the North American Tradition�
Unity Convention, held at Tobiq·
N.B. May 29 to Jlst.)
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of Lands on Kennebeck River. made
by Six Indian Sagamores, to Richard
Wharton, should be opened and ex
Conference and Trea � y of 1717
hibited to them, which was done
"The Conference between the Eng- and partly-Read, �nd Interpreted
lish representatives on the one hand to them."
Wiwurna replied, "As
far as the West side of the Ken-and the Kennebec, P enobscot, Ammarescoggin (Anasagunticook), and the
nebeck River I have nothing to
Pegwackit Indian tribes on the other, say, but am sure nothing has been
Sold on the East side."
This was
took place on August 9 , 1717 on Arunacceptable to the English, and
rowsick Island at Goerge Town.
The
the Governor answered,
"I ex�ect
conference itself lasted three days
their positive Answer and Complian
with the final treaty being drawn
ce in this matter, that the English
up and signed on the fourth.
The
conference is most interesting in
may be quiet in the posession of
that while on the first and second
the Lands they have purchased."
days of the conference the Indians
It is thus evident that the Inwere adamant in their clailils to much dians were gradually succumbing
to English pressure, but not entire
disputed lands, they completely rely.
versed their position on the third
day, giving in to every English deEarly the next morning the English Man of War was appearing to
mand.
Immediately the Indian�
set sail.
During the first two days of the
sent two men on board who "acknowconference the Indians' spokesman
was Wiwurna from the now extinct Ken- ledged the rudeness and ill man
ners they were guilty of on the
nebec tribe�
When Wiwurna welcomed
previous day, "and asked to con
English resettlement on Indian land,
The English
the English objected telling the in - tinue the conference.
agreed,
terprete r, "They must not call it .
their land, for the English have
Continued next issue.
bought it of them and their Ancest�
ors."
At this point the English of
x x x x x x x x x
x
x
fered to show deeds to prove their
claims.
The Indians voiced their object
THE
VISIT
ions to the English claims and1 with
drew to reconsider their position.
L 0 V E
A
R A M A
Upon their return for the afternoon
session on this second day, the
LAUNDRYMAT
tribes had reached two important de
cisions.
(1)
The Indians were willing to cut off their claim to land
when visiting the Penobscot
"as far as the M�lls, and the Coasts
Reservation at Indian Island
to Pemaquid."
( 2) The Indians all
near Old Town, Maine.
asserted that no land had ever bee"
purchased from the Indians, although
Maytag Machines - All New
some land had been "Alienated" by
way of.gifts made to the white �ett
Indian Owned and Indian run.
iers by the various tribes.
In answer to the first, the Eng
22 Center Street, Indian Island
lish Governor Dummer from Massachu
setts Bay, told the interpreters
Johfi Love, Proprietor.
"Tell them we dieire only what is
our own, and that we will have.
We
While your clothes are washing
will not wrong them, but what is our
and 'drying, why not visit the
In an
own we will be Masters of.·"
nearby Indian gift shops.
swer to the second Indian assertion,
ANOTHER GRIEVANCE
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and comfort.
Great men shall be
put to rule, and the rulers shall
E D I T O R I AL-·sE c ·Tr: o N
be many1
each ruler will want all
the power over the others;
this
THE MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER
the Great Spirit will call bad,
( Mrs . ) Eugenia T. Thompaon
EDITOR 1
and the Great Spir'i t will come among
them in the form of a man like unto
THE GREAT SPIRIT
themselves, and will stay among t
them, and teach them the way he
" • • • The growing season shall be
wishes them to live,
But their
the Red man's season.
The gatherlove of power will be so great they
ing season shall be the Black man's will slay the great spirit unto
season, and the cold season shall
death.
The Great Spirit will show
be the White man's season.
The sea- them that man hath not the power
sons were divided by the Great
to destroy him, and he shall arise
Spirit, and because the Red man obey-before the, and shall go up beyond
ed the first teaching given unto him,their reach.
His teaching to them
he shall
enjoy a pleasant one.
And shall be hard to understand because
because the Black man did not obey
they did not stop to listen to his
words while he taught them.
when told to look upon the earth
The
when he first opened his eyes, he
Great Spirit who is so good, will
shall always wait to follow the bid- show them that, revenge is not good.
ding of his brother;
and because
and he will let them occupy the Ja.n:
the White man wanted to stay on the for the purpose of mending their
land where he first opened his eyes ways.
He will only say to them
and wanted the Great Spirit to give
that He will never come to them
him all he beheld, the Great Spirit again in peace and that they shall
bade him go toward the setting of
not come to Him until they come
the sun.
The great Spirit saw that like little babes.
A line shall
the man he had made wanted the whole be d�awn between Himself and them-
world, therefore he sent him to
humiliation and obedience only will
The sweetness of the
chase the suni
when he comes to the save them.
great waters he shall make large
earth and love of power will desvessels, s o he can chase the sun ac- troy them.
Before the day of desross the great waters, because he
truction comes, this man shall have
wants all the worldi
he shall slay enjoyed all the power and possessior
he diesire, and he shall have tasthis broth e r because he wants all
ed the sweetness of the earth.
Wher.
things1
he shall sknow no one behe sleeps ae shall sleep on a bed
cause he w ants the power over all
The first born shall slay of flowers scented with roses, he
the earth.
need only reach forth his hand to
the next kindred to himself for the
Power grasp all things for his comforts
want of powe r and possession.
and possession shall be so sweet to he will draw things for his conven
him, that it will turn his nature to ience from the wat er, from the air,
disob e d i e nee1
even the first woman and from deep down in the earths
shall disobey the Great Spirit, and and the Great Spirit shall be look
for this is the time that
bring deat h unto mankind, - -who shall ing ons
He will the man is about to f o rget the death
be s e nt forth to seelc food.
of the Great Spirit--The man not
not heed the s ayings and warnings
of the Great Spirit but shall conhaving repented, is to dig a pit
tinu e in the ways that he likes, un- in the water, the air, and the eartt
wherein he shall fall.
After he
til the Gre at S pirit shall be s o p
shall have dug these pits, then the
provoked he will send a gre at rush
Great Spirit shall show the man His
of water, and all the bad shall be
He s hal l shake the earth,
powe r .
drowned,--but a few sav e d , who wil l
continue to live good , and shall in- because the substance of the water,
a ir, and earth have been d rawn out,
crease until they be like t he sand
and use d for comfort sake, and all
t the earths and shall be able to
a e 18 . )
ae all things for t h e ir c onv e nie m� ( con t in ue d on
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L E
to
the
T T E
R S
because I have been looking for it
since I read Kenneth Robert's no
vels many years ago.
E D I T 0 R
About every book up until Vine
DeLoria has been-authorized by and
published by - non-Indians - but
Dear Sira
c'est l'vive.
Please send me a copy of "The
Life and Traditions of the Red Man" P.S. Joseph Nicola would have beer
by Joseph Nicola for which I enclose my great grandfather.
Yours,
&J.OO. I am happy to see the newsMary Mahoney (Penobscot)
paper back in circulation and am en*
closing $5.00 to help keep it going.
I am also happy to see that we
Dear Mrs. Thompson,
I recently found out that you
are finally doing something about
Fres�rvi�g our language. I am study- are now printing another news.
letter. Enclosed please find $J.OC
ing it diligently and hope to be
for a subscription. r•ve really
b�e t? continue to do so. r am
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still �ery interested in life on the missed reveiving the news from
home.
Island since I was born there and
Your newsletter is my only
love the memories I have from there.
Please also send me more information link to what's happening on Indian
Island. I haven't lived on the
on the Credit Union since I think
reservation since I was a boy.
this is also a good idea.
Furthermore, since my Uncle
Anxiously waiting to hear from
Jack (Bluejay) and my grandmother
you, I remain,
died, I seldom visit. (I hope to
Mrs. June (Rance) Lane
visit in June.
Springfield, Mass.
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If there are any "Skeegins"
in the hite Mountain area tell
Dear Jean1
them to stop and say hello.
Enclosed please find enclosed
Sincerely,
check for $6.oo. $J.OO for the mvn
Ron (Sunny) Ranco
thly subscription of the Indian News
Indian Trail Gifts
letter and the other $J.OO is for
North Conway, N.H.
the book of The Life and Traditions
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of The Red Man. Leslie always talk
ed·about his grand�ather writing this Dear Mrs. Thompsons
Thank you for your �ecent le
book but never could find it. I hope
he remembers some of the context of ter. I am unable to provide you
it. I am also interested in another with the infonnation you request.
book "The Indians of the Androscog I have taken the liberty of for
warding your letter to Mr. Irving
gin Valley by Charles M. Starbird,
Lewiston Journal Printshop 19 28. If Powless of the Onondaga Tribe in
New York, He may be able to assis
you can get one I would appreciate
you.
it. I am very happy the Maine In
If I can assist you in some
dian Newsletter is back in print.
other way, please write again,
Good luck and keep up the good work.
Sincerely f)Ours,
Sincarely,.
Leo W. Vocu, Oglala Sioux
Mrs. Leslie (Valentine) Ranco
Acting Executive Director
Indian Moccasin Shop
National Congress of American
Wells, �1aine
Indians
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Dear Eugenie•
(Ed•. Note 1 This reply concerns
Glad to see you "back in print".
In7
A. N
Hope this new effort will be success-M�rtinwhoseeptune! Penobscot �till
case 1� conrt i �
di�n!
00
$5.
ful. Enclosing two checks
wait1�g for a �earin� on failing
for a subscription, and $J.OO for
)to report for induction. See MINL,
the book, Life and Traditions ••• (etc
.)
I feel I have a priority on this book Vol. 4, Number 1 for story
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(LETTERS
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Eugenia•
Please send me the monthly Maine
Indian News letter to the ad d res s be
Enc l o s ed is a check for a re
low,
gular ( 3 .00) s ub s c ription and put
the balanc e toward s Martin Neptune ' s
court expens es .
Bes t regard s to
Martin , Ken and wish you s uc c es s
with the News letter.
S potted Eagle
All Indians Coalition
Box 3 73
NYC , NY
10022
Brothers & Friend s :
Enc l o s ing $).00 pleas e s end
me the Newsletter..
And pleas e
maybe y o u c an help me .
I was
brought up to believe I was des
cended from the Penobs c ot Tribe
but am having trouble trying to
trace back .
I have got t o S t o c k
bridge , Vermont about 1850 .
I
have written the town c lerk in
that t own three times and s ent
money for the fee but can't get
an answer.
Any help would be ap
.
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preciated .
Dear Mis s Thomps ons
Red Fox
Your recent letter to the Indian
·Chief Medic ine Man
Rights A s s o c iation has been referr
N orth American
ed to me as Chairman of the Law Com
Indian Club , Inc .
mittee.
( Ed . Notes I d on't know of any
We deeply regret that we c an be
work that is being d one in the
We have
of no material as s is tance.
c ompilation of des cendents of Pen
limited financial res ourc es , and be
obs c ots.
The only advice �c ould
cause we have s o many c alls upon our
give at this time is to c heck in
As s oc iation to as s ist individual In
the census rec o rd s , whic h are be
dians in their s c ra pes with the crim ing maintained at the Department
inal law , we have a d o pted a policy
of Indian Affairs , in the State
which limits our as s i s tance to t�ibes House , Augus ta , Maine . )
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or groups , s uc h as our help to the
Pas samaqu oddy in their land claims .
Dear Mis s Thomps ons
Our Law Committee sees no merit
Thank you for your telegram
in the legal po s ition taken by Mr,
of December 2 urging my s upport
Neptune .
He is a c iti z en , and mus t
for the action to return the Blue
be s ubject to all United S tates law ,
Lake lands in Kit Cars on Fore s t
wh ether he approves of it or not.
I appologiz e
to the Tao s Pueblo.
Old Treaties and c us toms , h owever
for the delay in my res ponse .
venerable , are rendered ineffec tive
A s you probably know by now:y
The
by s ubs equent A cts of Congres s .
the a c tion to return these land s
s uc ceeded , and t�e bill was s igned
•oraft Laws " maRe no exc eptions for
Penobsc o t Indians , as s u c h,
The Pen into law .
I wa� pleas ed to be
able to lend by s upport t o this
obs c ot Indians are not "Federaliz ed"
amendment , and I was very happy
Indians , and thus have n o overriding
that the S enate vote was favorable .
special privileges granted by the
Pederal Government .
Thank you for taking the time
to let me know of your s upport and
We wis h him well , but regret that
we are in no p o s ition to a s s is t him .
r- appreciated being ad
interes t,
vised .
Faithfully ymrs ,
S incerely ,
Leo T. Connor
Edmund s. Mus kie
Indian Rights Ass o c iation
United S tates S enato
1505 Rac e S treet
(Ed. N o tes
Other Penobs c ots ,
Philadelphia , Penn.
The J o hn Sapiel s , and the Mic hael
19102
Crawfo rd s als o s ent telegrams . I
(Ed. Notea I w ould like to refer
h o pe S en . Muskie wili help when
your Law C ommittee to Mad Bear's
ever we get around to as king for
Pindings , part of w hi c h will be rethe return o f Mount Katadhin . )
. inted on page ·a of this m onth• s
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ewsletter.)
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- 6 INDIAN V ALUES vs WHITE VALUES
WASH IN G TON, D.c. (AIPA)
Am erican Indians were called the "First
The following is from an article
environmentalists" at the opening
entitled "Indian Values and Atti
of Earth Week activities here.
tudes," printed in Smoke Sign al s ,
"There are no people more
a Newsletter put out by the St. Pau:
sensitive to our natural environ
American Indian Center.
ment than are Indian People·,"
remarked Rogers C. B. Morton, Sec
retary of the Interior, .to a group
!NQI!N_V�L!l,E_SX,S1:_E� ..
of educators from Indian boarcting
present oriented
and da;>' schools across the country. 1.
2. lack of time consciousness
Traditional Indian reverence �
for nature marked the theme of the
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givine rather than saving
4.
respect for age
five-day meeting of educators for
an Indian Environmental Education
5. cooperation rather than com -�&
Workshop at the Bureau of Indian
petitiveness
Affairs here and Catoctin Mountain
6. harmony with na�ure
Park, Maryland.
lorton told the group that
!;!O�-lNQI!N_V!L!lE_S,XS!�
Indian history, religion and philo1.
sophy all reflect a oneness with
future oriented
nature.
2.
time conscious
3 . saving
He said environmental education
in nd an schools is an "exciting
4 . emphasis on youth
beginning" and will provide Indian
competition
5.
childre n with an "opportunity for
6. conquest over nature
.
Some interesting pointc
leadership beyond anything I've seen (Ed notes
to p nn d e r.)
or a long time."
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"Thi s is a forerunner of environTO PIC
THANKS
mental awareness to children across
the country," Morton said.
The MAINE IN DIAN NEWSLETTER was1
Miss Silma Victor, Chactaw,
run off on. the mimeogra�h machine
recently appointed as
orton's
Special Assistant for Indi an Affairspelonging to the Penobscot Indian
Corpbration, Inc.
praised' the BIA program as a means
Much thanks to their corporation
�f directing a new level of
for their cooperation.
environmental consciousness to the
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country through Indian people.
LIBRARY1ENLARGED= Indian Island;
Louis R. Bruce, Commissioner of
housed
Indian Affairs, said the e nvironm e n-The I ndian Island Library,
in the scho�l has beery greatly
P i s desig�ed
tal awareness program
Many addit10
enlarged th is sum�er.
to infuse an awareness of the
books have been'added, both old and
envir o nm e nt into traditional art,
Adu i t books as well as child•
new,
mathematics, english, history, and
Until now only 'children's
res's.
social studies, as well as in the
books could be found on the shelves
sciences, where it often rests."
many ad u lt
Bruce was asked how environmenta1 but with th� addition of
books it is. hoped that parents
awaremess could be infused in
and other adul t s will use the .
Indian children when they often
library and ta ke out books wpich
see their lands indi s c riminately
,
they might like to read.
destroyed by dam building and
Anyone h av ing books the� wish
s uperhi�hway construction.
to donate should contact S�ster
"We are taking steps to correct
Celestine, Indian Island.School,
that situation," Bruce r ema rked .
near Old Town, �aine
- Thomas Edward?
For more d, etails read the. next
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issue of The 'Maine ·Indian N ews lettt
Ed Note a
AIPA is tpe.American
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Indian Press Asso ciatio n .
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7
'INVISIBLE INDIANS' TO GET HELP
By Daviq Bright,
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City Deek
Kenneth Curtis and his staff on the
project.
As things stand now, the agency
will be set up through the Augusta
OEO office. Bangor-based, it will
provide an office and staff .who can
provide infGrmation and financial
assistance tG off-reservation In
dians to help them get adjusted to
the new life they seek when they
leave the reservation.
"Indians'WJJ.nt an educatinn, job
training, and other things white
We'll be able to
people can gat.
We'll know how
help them get it.
to help them apply and we'll be ablr
to get them emergency assistance to
pay rent and food bills until they
Mrs. McGrane saic
get established,"
"These are things the state owes
"We'r� not going
them." she said,
to go around soliciting money from
We'll
people and organizatinns.
e�ist to see that off-reservation
Indians are provided with the same
things the Depa rtment of Indian Af
While most Maine people ignore,
and others fret over, the plight of
Maine Indians, one smal l group of
Indians has been quietly working to
improve their plight.
They are concerned with the "invisible Indians,"
those living off Maine's three reservations.
The off-reservations Indians, who
make up the majority of the tribal
census have found themselves in a
unique position.
To the white man
they are still Indians, but to many
of their b rothers, they are white
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They settle, uncertain, someplace
in the �iddle.
If, like many of the state• s population, they cannot find a job or
need financial help for another reason, even getting getting welfare
On the reservacan be a problem.
tion there is no problem, as a simple request to the Indian Agent will
bring results.
But those who have
fairs provides the Indians living
chosen to live off the reservation
on the reservations."
often run into problems.
Purdy and Mrs. McGrane feel the·
Basically, the people who have
Indian Affairs Department plays too·
the �oney, whether they be municiheavy on Indian culture and heri
pal welfare directors, the Departtage in it's handling of Indians.
ment of Indian Affairs or the DeCulture and heritage don't feed
partment of Health and Welfare, find
t easy to turn down off-reservation your kids,0 Mrs. McGrane said. " In
i
dian cultura doesn't mean starving
Indians.
They don't fit the dataand scraping in the dirt for your
gories1 they belong somewhere else.
You don't have to wear fea.
"Off-reservation Indians are heirs needs.
thers �o p;ove you're p�oud to be
to al l t�e rights and privileges of
an Indian
reservation Indians
granted to the
.
The agency is currently waiting
tribes in place of
the Indian
final approval .and fun�ing, and if
land �aken from them," feels Mrs.
.
·Phyllis McGrane, hersalf a Penobscot all goes well will be in operation
There are close to 390
living off the Indian Island Reserv- by August.
off-reservation Indians in the Banation.
9or ar7a alone -who �ould get immed"But unfortunately, many don't
i ate aid. Another six to seven hunknow what their right s are
or who
dred Indians in o ther parts of the
to turn to when in need of 1help.
sta e would also be affe ct ed
That's what our agency will do, it ' l l
Once we ge� people fed and on
be a clearing house for all off- re their way,'' .Mrs. McGrane said, "may
servation Indians,"
be they' l have time to worry abouf
The agency �'N3. McGrane refer s to
culture.
is one she and George Purdy, a Passrom the B angor Daily News,
amaqu oddy living in Bangor, h a�e ba!'l (F
une 1, 1971,)
working on fo r several months.
J
They
have trnveled often to Augusta and
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h�ve worked closely with Governor
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8
PAULINE s. SHAY
t reat ies made, or which shall be
made, under the authority of the
INDIAN ISLAND, Old Town, Ma ine
Uni t ed States, shall be the Supreme
Miss Pauline s. Shay, 78 , of In- Law of t he land.....
d � an Island, died at a Bangor hos2. (d.) All Indians with treaty
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p1tal on May 21 following a long
� iv ing in the so-calle d territorial
illn:ss.
limits of the United States strong.
M1ss Snay was born at Watch Hill, ly and unan imously·oppose d the pa
sR.I., Aug. 23, 1892, daughte r of
sage of this Act, and still openly
Sabbatus and Margaret (Ranco) Shay. re gard it as Illegal!
She at t e nded scho ols in Rhode Is(e,) QUESTION1 If an Indian
land, Massachusetts, Old Town, and denounce s his so-called citizenship
at Hebron Academy.
of the Unit ed Stat e s, and pledges
She had operated a basket store
h is alleg iance to his own respect
.
on Indian Island for many ye ars and ive Indian Nation, is he deported,
had also boarded Indian children
and if so, to whe re?
and adults.
(f,) QUESTIONs Can a citizen
She was a membe r of Ind ian Is�
of the Un ited State s have a legal
land Bapt1st Church and a.reg iste r- treaty w ith his own Nat i on?
· (g,) The 1924 Citize nsh ip Act
ed membe r of the Penobscot Tr ibe of
Indians.
(re garding Indians) referred to
Survivors include one s iste r,
Ind ians, " • • ,within the territorial
Mrs. Viole t Francis, Indian Islands l imits of the United States • • • "
one brother, Leo Shay, Hampt on Be"J. Se ct, 2 of the U_,s. Presiach, Va. ; seve ral nieces and nep-·
dential Proclamation 2572, in rehews,
ference to the draft re adss " • • • an�
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it shall be the duty of eve ry male
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citizen of the United States
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MAD BEAR"S FINDINGS
and it further statesa (In section
Ja of the said proclamation) "all
(Ed. Notes In respo nse t o lett e rs persons liable for training and
that were sent out to int e re sted
se rv ice shall be the followings
pe ople who could give adv ice , and
every male citizen of the United
information wh ich would help Mart in States or person who has declared
ijeptuee case , we received a lette r his inte ntion to become such a cit
'from the Indian Rights Assoc iait ion, izen.,,"
which is repr inte d on page 5. In
(a.) The above would only apply
orde r to unde rstand Martin's be liets to Indians who had accepted citizen·
portions of the se findings are re- ship in the United States by their
printed,)
own will or volition, or had made
"2,
The old argument that "In- a "declaration of intent" to become
dians are citizens of the United
such a citizen!"
States by virt ue of the 1i24 Cit5, These findings are not inizenship Act, and are thus subject tended to discourage Indians from
to the draft laws of the United
accepting cit izenship in the Un
States" is purely nonsense be causes ited States, voluntarily join ing
(a.) Force d Citizenship violat- the Arme d Forc�s o! the �nit7d States, or becoming conscientious
es Int e rnational Law.
(b.) Forced Citizenship violat- objectors", but rathe r to protect
e s our treaties and the sovereignty those Indians to whom it applies,
of our Indian Nations.
in order that the y may more fully
( c . ) Forced Citizenship violates e njoy their rights and privilege s€
Article 6 Sect i o n 2 of the Unit e d
"tre aty-Indians", whose only desire
is to live· ' in peace with all man
State s Constitution which re ads r
"This constitution and the Laws of kind. "
the Unite d States, which shall be
Mad Bear, Tuscarora Nation,
made in pursuance there of, and all
Iroquois Confederacy
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ON RESERVATION INDIANS EXEMPI' FROM TAXES
Maine Revised Statues, Title 36, section 6 54 (1) (c),
sta't=es..\. "The poll3 and.estates of the following person are
ex�pt' from ta.x�tionr· ··The polls and estates of only those
Indians who reside on tribal reservations," Furthermore,
Title 36, section 501 (1) readss "'Estates shall be construed
to mean both real estate and personal property."
Most people
have always taken this to apply to land which an Indian owns
or uses within the reservation.
But as a rereading of the
statute clearly reveals and as the legal section of the Maine
Municipal Association explained in their monthly magazine
during the winter of 1968
1 6 9 , this statute also exempts
all real and personal property from taxation anywhere in the
state of Maine, so. long as the Indian owner resides on one
of the three Reservations.
-
If you are an Indian residing on one of the three reserv
ations in Maine, and have erringly paid such a tax, the le
gisl�ture has provided a method by which you may make a claim
for a refund.
Title 36, section 504 provides that a person who has
inadvertantly paid such a tax to bring an action against the
municipality in the Superior Court, in the same county,
"and the person shall recover the sum not raised for a le
gal ob j ec t, with 25% interest and oosts, and any damages
whic h he has su stained by reeeon of mistakes, errors or om
missions o f suc h o ffic ers."
In a c tual prac tic e, people who have had such taxes
c o llected wrongfully have been able to obtain a refund.
There are court cases �hich have b�en favorable on this
point-as well.-· One· in· particular is an old case, Foss vs
Whitehou se 94 Me. 491, 48A,109, heard in 1901 in which the
Maine Supreme Judical Court held that when a tax collector
demanded and received from a tax payer more than was due,
and more than appears to be due according to his lists, he
must refund the excess to the tax payer, even though he has
paid the amonnt into the town treasury.
This does not mean you must not pay the tax in question.
On the other hand, if you
If you wish to pay it, you may.
qualify for the exemption, and feel you can not afford to
give your money away, then it appears senseless to do so,
Written by
Kenneth c. Thompson
Attorney at Law
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KA IANE REK OWA
The lineal
desc ent o f the people of the Five Nations shall
the female line. Women shall be considered the progenitors
They shall o wn the land, and the soil.
Men and
of the Nation.
women shall follow the status of their mothers.
run in
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THE C OMMUNICATIONS GAP
What L i fe M ight Be l ik e
I f There Had Bee n No C omm
unications Gap Betw e en
Co lon ist and I nd ians
Bys
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The Bound ing Elk
Of Tha Turtle Clan
Once upon a t ime , R e n e '
Robert Caval ier , S ie ur d e La
Sa lle , the now famous Fr ench
explorer, was a passe nger in a
B irchbark canoe be ing paddle d
westward a long t h e S outh shore
·or Lake i'Jlichigan by four Abenaki
Ind'.ans.
It was a pleasant summe r
day somet ime in tne early 1600's
in a part of t he cont inent claim-
e d by France as New France , later
c al l e d C anada .
Now o f course ,
the are a l i e s w ith in the j ur is
d ict ion o f the U n i t e d S tates of
Ame r ica .
The four Abenak i Ind i an :
paddl e rs were t ak ing La.S al le t o
the port age b e tw�en the lake and
the Il l i no is R iver , a Route wh i ch
wou ld e v e nt ual l y carry h i m t o
his famous d iscovery of t h e M iss
iss i p p i R ive r , and al low h im t o
cla im t h e m idd l e port ion o f what
is now k nown as " lou is iana" in
t h e name of K ind Lou i s of Franc e .
Actually , the Ind ians, knew
about t he p lace a ll along , or
t h e y could not have t ak e n h im
t here , but the y d i dn't count ,
so LaS a lle d iscover e d it anq be
came famous .
N e e dlass to day , LaSalle
d i dn' t talk much Algonqu ian
language , eve n of the A benak i
d iale ct,
L i k e wise , h is padd l e rs
knew a l i t t l e fren c h , gut not
much.
The commun icat i ons gap
was r e al , but t h e y w e r e able to
make a go 0£ i t for seve ral thou
sands m i les of c anoe paddl ing ,
wh ich speaks w e ll for t he i r at t
e mpt t o commun i c at e.
We know , however, tnat
somet h i ng was lost in t ranslat i on
because we can e xam i ne the Abenak i
I nd i an words used above which
have come into our language toda.y
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\
and see what they actually mean ,
and t ry to imag ine how t he m is
unde rstand ing came about
Wh ile t he �ale we sp in here
may be apo c ryphal , at b e st , there
is a great deal of fac t ual mat er
i a l in it .
Only t he inc idents
are dev ised .
Cast your m inds back , i f
you w ill , t o that ple asant
summer day when LaSalle asked
t he I nd ian behind h im , the owner
of t he ·canoe , what he called t he
ve ssel in wh ich they were t ravel
ing
Finally get t ing t he message
across o f what t h e bearded French·
man wanted-�. to know , the A benaki
canoeman looked at his old fre igh·
t canoe , const ruct e d s e v e ral �
spr ingt imes earl i e r , and replifJ<i
"en-ga'h-nool(my old boat ) , " wh=
ich LaSalle du i t i fU l ly wrote down
as he he ard i t , "c-a-n-o-e, "
Now i f the re truly hAd been
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no commun i c at ions gap , there woulc
have been no need for t he quest io1
But i f the Ind ian had t ruly
understoodth e question and t he
r�ason for its be ing asked , he
m ight have replied d ifferently.
He may have g iven the stan
dard Algonquin term for canoe�
nah-gwe-e-den (my f loater) ana
the whole course of h istory might'
have be e n changed , includ ing the
name of tne popular line of im
ported men"s a ft e r-shave toilet
er ies,
Camps would be stag ing
"Agweeden rac es" instead of caMd'
races and t he boy scouts would
be awardingAgweeden Merit Badges,
Wdnder what it would be i f
t he can� .1ad been brand new 1
ie�
T he Ind ian would have repl
boat) . "
"en-be-e-loo l(my new
.
paddling
Ho� would you l ike to be
"canoe?
a "b i loe " instead of a
ned,
It would have happe
group
Paddling onward, t he
e st ern Shore
caughtsight of the W
LaSalle• c
o f La.ite Mich igan , which
e,
cou rse had never seen befor
that the
and remeber, please,
( C-of.l't inl11ed· -1 -.·page .M • · ).·.- i; .• · .. ·•
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Cl<1•
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(THE COMMUNICATIONS
cont.from p 10)
four Abenak_i Ind ians were from no
thern New England, called by the
French, Acadia, and also claimed by
them.
So to the paddlers, that distant shore was a foreign country,
even
hough it was occupied by Al
gonquins.
Not only was it foreign,
but because it was not home, it was
a place to be held in comtempt be
cause of their own national prid@.
Now, we must inject an under
standing of Algonquian, particular
ly Abenaki Indian, humor, by saying
th�t i� is regularly "smutty".
No
thing Jis so funny to an Indian as
a good d irty joke, unless it is
playing a good dirty practical joke
on some unsuspecting wa- y-nooch
(foreigner) who doesn't get the
joke,
Our explorer, monsieur de la
alle, excitedly asked the Indian
in front of him what he called that·
land ftover yonder."
There can be no d oubt that the
other Indians �early split their
sides with hilarious laughter as the
padd ler replied , "mi-j-i-gun"(feces),
Oblivious to �he joke played
on all subsequent North Americans,
particularly on the resid ents of t
that great state, LaSalle jotted t
.the word d own as he heard it, "m·t�· ·e-h- -g-a.-n."
The joke's on �s,
and it's a joke that survives today
e.mong Abenaki Indians (and that�s
a true fact).
(Continued in June's is!rue)
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THE-DAM.WATER
"I went down to the dam to
ask the d am man if I could have
some dam water.
The dam man said
I couldn•t\·havs any dam water, so
I said to the dam man, 'You can
keep your d am water.• So the dam
man kept his dam water.•
As told by Adrian Loring and
Rodney John Francis (Penobscots),
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PLACE
From the back of my mind there is
a place
A place where there is all love
no hate
A place that has no cars, roads,
cities, -industry-pollution
A place where the sun shine never
stops
A place where my people, the In
dians can live once more without
being put on a reservation
A place where we can roam free
A place for you and me.
by
a Penobscot Indian
Denise Mitchell
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CENSUS OF THE PENOBSCOT TRIBE OF
INDIANS AS COMPILED BY THE TRIBAL
COMMITTEE ON FEBRUARY 11, 19 71,
AT INDIAN ISLAND, MAINE.
Number of persons on the census
list of 19 71••••••••••••••• :.s2a
Number of births during the
year••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,lJ
Indian women added by marriage.�1
Members not previouslympcrted, ••6
Children added by adoptio�·:·:•lO
Members lost through inel1g1b1litY••••••••••••••····· ········o
�
Members abandoned by tr1be •••••• o
Deaths during the year••••••••••6
Increase in the tribal member•
ship,••••••••••••.••••••••.•••• •
Number of persons on the list
during 1970 •••••••••••••••••• 795
Inactive list •••••• ,'•.••••••••• 1,26
Absentees •••••••• , •••••••••• , ••• 0
Reinstatea ••••••••••••••••• , •••• o
Marriages, both parties Indian•• 2
Marriages, Indian and White ••••• 4
Voted
that people not repor�
i�g for year or longer b� put on
inactive list and there would be
no more absentees on the active l�
JO days residence would be requir·
ed to bo reinstated on the active
list.
I hereby certify that the fo
going Census List is oorr�ct as
lContinued � on page 12.)
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(Ce nsus
continue d from page 11.)
reporte d by the Pe nobscot C ommitte e
of the Penobscot Indians on Thurs
day, Fe b. 11, 1971.
Governor Francis Ranco
Witness to Signature
James H, Mur�hy , Notary
Public , Commission e xpire s
January 19, 1973
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$200,000,000 FOR NAVAJOS
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FROM PEABODY COAL MINING
By Wi lliam H
•.
Keste rt
Peabody C oal Co . o f St.Louis isn't
go ing to mak e the Ar izona dese rt
e xactly blo om, but the $200,000,00C
it will pay the Nava j o and Hopi
Ind i ans will go a long way..
T he Penobscot Tribal Committ e e
c o nsiste d of the foll owing members
T hat is the amo unt o f royalty and
that w e re prese nt on the above date i wages Pe abody e xpe cts to pay t he
tw o tr ibe s to m i ne coal on the ir
land for the ne xt 35 ye ars .
G overn or Franci s Ranco, Lt . Gove r
nor Frank Loring , Commiss i o ne r o f
The lease s with Pe abody require it
Indian A ffairs , James Murphy, T he
to ope rate in a sa fe and workman
re s a Sne ll , Paul ine Love, Be atr ice
like manne r and av oid waste o f the
Ph i ll ips, Rita Dana , Franci s Mit
chell, N i cho las Sap i e l , Wilfr ed Peh land .
They state that Peabody must re t u7
rs on , John Sapie l , M i chael Ranco .
Black Me sa to.the tr ibes " in as
Thre e me mbe rs we re not pre se nts
go od condit i o n as re ce ive d , e xce pt
Irv ing Rance , Gle n Lo lar , and Dan
for ord inary we ar, te ar and d e ple�
ie l Mitche ll.
tion incid ent to mining ope rationL
(Ed. note s
So once aga in we know
t
The company ' s plans have b e e n ap
wh o's who and who's not
J
proved by the Navajo and Hopi co*
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unc ils , the Bureau o f Indian Af
fa irs and the u�s. Ge o logical Sur(Ed. note s
the following adv e rtise vey .
Whene ve r feasible , P eabody plans
me nt was tak e n fro m the Lad i e s Home
to divert surface run- o ff wate r
Journal, January 1971 issue . For
so the final mining cuts can be
)
those who like to pre te nd read o n.
u s e d to cre ate lak e s , which will
se rve as reserv o irs for cattl e and
WHO OPEE
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othe r animals in that arid country
.
Any tiny ch i e f will give a
who op and a ho llar over th i s 6 - fo o t Pe abody continue s to explore the
wigwam set.
Assemble s e asilya pole s reservatio n for additional coal
d e p o s its.
�re rubbe rcapped to prote ct flo ors .
(From S t . Louis Post Dispatch,
Includes rubbe r tomahawk , bow and
arrow , he addre ss, and "pe ace " pa int . January 26, 1971.)
Ke e ps youngste rs on the fun path for
(Ed . notei
Pe abody Coal Co, oug�t
$J.98 plus
hours, while you re lax.
to take the ir �one y and teach t�
62¢ for p ostage
Ord e r from Spartan
res ide n ts o f Los Angeles and Ph��
Sales, Yonke rs, N.Y.
ix a b o ut curbing pollution and
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preserving na ture .
It s e ems tha�
the de adline is near for all of u:·
to regain this basic understandin1
NOTE
o f our relationship with nature,
ft
If you wish to continue receiv to st op the iving and s t art thri
ing. It is ele ar that nature· is
ing the Maine Indian Newsle tter,
overburdened with useless wast e r
.
send i n the subscription, blank and
and could cease support o f mankir.'
y our check or money o rd e r . o r cash.
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g
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HOW
INDIANS HUNT DEER
By B il l Ge agan
13
t he swo llen c arcas s o f a be l ly
d r i l led buck , he s a id sad ly 1 M Th is
i s the c rue l and was t e ful re s u lt
( C ont inue d from Apr i l ' s i s s ue . )
o f tyr ing t o cat ch a d e e r l "
Sylve s t e r and all of my other
ne cks o f two d o e s fo l lowed by the
Ind ian fr i e nds agre e t hat " pus s y
amaz ingly l ong neck of a very cur
foot " s ta lk i ng is pretty muc h a
i ous buck appe are d above the tall
was t e of t ime and e ffort . T he
gras s l it t le more than a canoe len wh itet a i l , t he y c la im , can eas i ly
gth away .
hear o r s c e nt the app�oach o f the
The buc k , a bulle t t hr
ough the throat, was e as i ly -mine ,
mos t sk i lled hunte r and s l ip qu i e t
and N e e dahb e h laughed .
" You d idn ' t l y away far ahead o f h im . And they
be l i ev e me d id you? M he s a id .
" It ' s po int out t hat many t ime s the d e e r
my own l it t le t r i c k and it w i l l pay
won ' t make t he e ffort to sneak away .
off almos t eve ry t ime in the right
but w i l l l i e curled and qu i e t in
s itua t io ns ! "
the midday be d and let t he brus h
He was r i ght ,
When u s e d c or
break ing hunt e r pas s .
re c t ly and in i d e a l s i tuations , h i s
!'poo f of a l l t h i s was revealed
method has brought many d e e r to my
s eve ra l years ago by a s tudy c on
duc t e d at the Cus ino W i ld l i fe Ex
gun .
The be hav ior o f the wh i t e ta i l
p e r ime ntal S tat ion in M i c h i gan , in
i s c ontr o l l e d by hab it and curos ity a 1 � i ghfenc e d s q uare - mile of mixed
alm o s t to the po int of s tupid ity .
fore st . Thirty-nine d e er-seven
Like a t r i c k l e o f wat e r , the s e d e e r
buc ks , fourt e e n doe s, and e ight e e n
fo l low the pa.th o f l e a s t re sistan c e fawns -we re re leas e d there , and s ix
ge n e ra t i o n a ft e r gene rat ion u s ing
expe rienced hunt e rs were a s k e d t o
the s ame o ld t r ials , c ro s s ings ,
t ry t o locate the� . - It requ i re d
drink i ng plac e s , and ope n ings t hr
four days o f care ful s earc h i ng t o
ough barr i e r s , natural and manmad e .
s e e a s ingle buc k l · Dur ing a c on
And the y w i l l go a l l-out to inv e s t
t inu ing four-year pe r i od w it h at
leas t thirty-four d e e r w i t h in the
igat e the unus ual .
fe nc e d m i l e , t he be s t s i ghting re
T n e Ind i a n i s we l l aware o f
cord by ve t e ran stalk e rs was four
all t h i s .
By tak ing full advantage
t e e n hours to get w ithin ' shoot ing"
o f s u c h we akne s s e s , along w i th h i s
inf i n i t e pat ience and c ompl e t e know range o f any an ima l , inc lud ing fawn£
and fifty-one hours to locat e one
ledge o f the natural environment,
buck .
he is t h e mos t s u c c e s s fu l of a l l
In a s im i l iar pro j e ct in S outh
d e e r hunt e rs up in the Northe ast.
Dakota , re s earche rs attached a ra
The Ind ian hunts mostly by the o ld
d i o trans m itt e r to a buc k s o that
ada ge that "e v e ryt h ing come s to he
t hey might follow h is movement s ,
who wa i t s , " but , e x c e pt during the
and eve n t i e d bri ght-orange s t re am
day- l ong act iv ity of the rut t i ng
e rs through h i s e ar tags to help
s &as on , h i s v i g i l s are kept on ly in
the hunt e rs s e e h i m . The e x p e r i the e arly mor ing and whe n the day
� me ntal buck wa s then re l e as e d in
is o l d .
A no c t urnal animal, t he ·
the S l im But t e s are a .
Five s eas on•
d e e r s le e ps curled in c o n i fe rous
ed hunte rs fa i le d to f ind even a
t h i cke t s be twe e n s uc h pe r iods , e s
t rac e of the animal in s e v e n days
pe c ia l ly o n t ho s e days o f s evere
of cautious pr ow ling .
c o ld , ra in , s nows t orms , and high
T hre e ot t h e hunt e rs were then
w ind
e s e nt int o t he e xact area whe re the
S ylve s t e r Franc is saids . "�her
rad i o beams s h owe d t he buck t o be
are two s t r ik e s on the hunt e r who
l o c a t e d . A care ful bush-t o-ilow
i e s to c at c h d e e r napping -who
tr
d owns earch s e a rc h from dawn to d u s k
s at
tak e s fas t and d if fic u l t shot
fa i le d to pro d u c e the s ight or s ou�(
And whe n in Ma ine ' s
flying flags . N
o f the t e s t d e e r .
All fiv e hunt e rs
ous region one day we
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vas t N icat
upon t wo d e e r , one a bad ly
wound e d d o e and dying , and lat e r
came
went
int o act i on the ne xt day with
( c ont inued on next page )
14
c o nt . from page 1 3 . )
( How I nd i a.n s
t h e rad i o- b e am i ng h im i n pre c i s e ly.
But eve n then t he d e c orat e d buck
was n ' t l o c at e d unt i l the s e ar c h e rs
we re c o m i n g out in the e ve n in g , and
one o f t h e m nearly s t umb l e d ov e r
h im c u r l e d t i ght und e r � bru s h h e a p .
T he I nd ians a l s o ins i s t , and
have many t ime s d e mons trat e d t o my
pope y e d ama z e m e nt , t hat wall ing i s
much more s u c c e s s fu l i f t he hunt e r
t ak e s advant age f o t h e d e e r ' s f i e r c e
c u r i o s i t y and ins t e ad o f pus s y f o o t
i ng , c ra s he s s w i f t ly al ong through
Appare nt ly c onv inc e d
the b rus h .
t�a t it i s n o t be ing s talk e d b y man
or natural pre d at or , it o ft e n wa i t s
o r c i rc l e s qu i e t ly ba ck t o ge t a
l o ok at t he a.pproac h i ng no i s e make r .
T h e r e qu i r e m e nt s for s uc c e s s are
fas t e ye s and a fas t gun .
T h i s bru s h - c ras h i ng , l e a f- ra t
t l ing , twig- E?a p p ing pro c e dure , I
have l e arne d ove r t he y e ars , v e ry
o ft e n pro•uc e s d e e r for hunt e rs d ur
i ng p e r i o ds of s ev e re drought whe n
t he w o o d s a re e x treme ly br i tt l e .
Wh i l e o n a j aunt f o r d e e r i n
N ew B ru ns w i c k , a v e ry o ld M i cmac
c a l l e d o nly " Old I z aak " d em o n s t rat
e d c o nv i n� i ngl y what a pus h o v e r t h e
wh i t e t a i l i s for t h e unus ua l .
Old
I z aak had a .. ca l l " he had mad e and
H i dd e n in a c e da r t h i c k
swore by .
� t . we l o o k e d d own a we l l-worn run
way tw i s t ing out o f a d e ns e s pruc e
My Ind ian fr i e nd ra i s e d t h e
swamp .
c a l l t o h i s w i t h e r e d l i ps .
He bre at h e d e a s i ly i n t o the
l it t l e i n s t rume nt a nd a s o ft pla i n
t iv e c ry s ound e d t hrough t h e fo re&
Aga i n and a ga in at 1 0-minut e int e r
And f i na l ly ,
vals he s ound e d i t .
w i t h in a hal f h o u r , a v e ry large
and i n qu i s i t iv e d o e w i t h t w o fat
fawns c ame fn>m the s wamp- - e ye s bul.
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ging l ik e har d - b o i l e d e ggs , ne c k s
O l d I z aak ' s b o ny
out s t r e t c he d .
brown hand pus h e d d own my r i fle .
We l e t t h e m pas s .
C a l l i ng a ga i n
and wa i t i ng l o ng , w e s ud d e n ly s aw
a f ine b u c k b o unc e from t he s wamp ,
paw fur
run a l it t l e h a l f c irc l e
i ou s ly , t h e n w it h l e gs s raw l e d and
ne c k e x t e nd e d , s tare f i e rc e ly i nt o
H e was c l o s e and t he
our l o c at i on .
c h e s t s ho t was e as y .
·
p
T h e I nd ian s a i d t he l i t t le
c a l l e r had br o u gh t many d e e r t o
h i s gun , and in nor t h e r n Que b�
it s urpr i s e d h im by als o att ract
Whe n I le ft
ing fox e s and w o lve s .
for h ome
he mad e me a pre s e nt o f
I s t i l l u s e i t and it s t i l l
it .
produc e s d e e r for me and m y white
hu nt e r f r i e n d s .
T h i s c a l l , �r c a l l e r , i s a s im
Anyb ody can make
ple arran gem e nt .
I c ons i s t s o f two - J!- inch
one .
p i e c e s of wh i t e c e dar , ! - in c h wide ,
b o t h s have d d own t o a i t- inch l o ng
o p e n i ng in the c e nt e r . A p i e c e o f
t - in c h e l a s t i c i s s t re t c he d t i ght
b e twe e n the p i e c e s o f wood , the
e nd s of wh i c h are gro oved a b it
f o r s t out thre ad wh i c h b ind s them
t ight ly t og e t he r .
I have· u s e d t h i s ama z i ng l i ttle
gad ge t on many o c c a s i o n s o� r the
ye ars , c a l l i ng in nume rous d e e r ,
as we l l as re d fox e s , a few bob
c at s
arld
c rows ,
otter ,
and nume rous
The s o und
gray and red aqu i rre l s .
it mad e s is unl ik e anyt h ing I have
Pr o p e rl y us e d , it i s
e v e r h e a rd .
far and away the be s t at t ra c t or o f
t h e wh i t e t a i l d e e r I have e v e r
Ev e n bet t e r t h an Ne e dahbe h '
known .
�ad d l e - d ragging t r i c k
. ( C ont inu e d in next mont h ' s i s sue . )
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PEN OBS C OT LANGUAGE LES S ONS
W ig-wum
Kah-gunn
Dow- s ah-gunn
Dow-bo o d i
Dow-e pp-pood i
S upp-ka - d e h
Wau l-ah-d e h
M i t - s o o -d i
Nus - s ah-quak
Em-qun
Wah - ba - k o o s
Dum-he :.gunn
T�·b i
Bah-qah
Gul-ah-bab i
Muc k- k e e -kun
A h-gwe -dun
Tah-haw-gun
Lodge
Door
Wind ow
C ha i r
Tab l e
S t ov e
Dish
Fork
Kni fe
S po on
Pa i l
Ax e
Bow
Arrow
R o pe
F i s.h hook
Canoe
P ad d i e
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-
�----- · -
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· -- - �
A V IEW T OWARDS IND IAN ISLAND
··
It i s
pr i s t ine
appar e nt ly
across
t he gre e n bridge
on a c o o l day
in spr ing .
The Churc h s
S t , Anne ' s ,
lo oks a part o f i t , . ,
a t oy v illage
and a good p lac e ,
Cro s s i ng
change s t hat ,
The s t re e t s w ind in agony ,
and a s c re am
o f shame ,
our . s hame ,
i s eve rywhe re .
I cannot go
as a t ouris t ,
Eve n the t re e s ask me ,
' Why have you c ome ?
What c an you d o for us ? '
Wooden c ro s s e s
s e t crooked
i n the graveyard
re j e c t me .
I go back qu i ck ly ,
but I c annot forge t ,
I !!!!! t he �trange r he re ,
and I l ive on s t o le n gro und .
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S ubm i t t e d by 1
T he od ore Ens l in
( From The Aro o s t o o k Ind ian , May 19 7 1 )
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WEDD INGS
Just in Lo la , Pas samaquoddy ,
and Caro l Dana , Pe nobs c ot were
marri e d by Chi e f· J ohn S t e � ens ,
at Pet e r Dana Po int on May 22 •
1 9? 1 .
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Mart in A . Nept une , Penobs cot
and Kathy Fearon , we re married
May 1, 1 9 ?1 , on Ind ian Is land ,
by Ke nne th Th omps on , Jus t ic e o f
Peac e .
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N ORTH AMER ICAN T RA D IT I ONAL
UN ITY C ONVEN T I ON
The N orth Ame r ican t rad it i on
al un ity c onve nt i on me t at T o b iq
N . B . , Cana da , at Ma l i s e e t Re s e rv �
on the las t thre e days i n May .
A Unity Caravan w i l l fol low in
July .
The Purp o s e o f the oo nve nt ior
i s to he lp unite the N � rt h Ame r
ican Pe ople . The thr� • day c on
vent i on is to bring t o ths d e le
gat e s an und e rs t and ing o f t he
nat ive re s pons ib i l it i e s t o the
T op i c s we re d is cus s e d for�
Lnad .
mal ly and informal ly �n how the s
re s pons ib i l it i e s w e re wre s t e d a
way from the nat ive pe•pl e ove r
t h e c e ntur i e s . How t o rega in t h
dut ie s , the way o f l i fe , e t c .
were d i s cus s e d .
" Th e land is not ours t o d o
w ith as we w i l l s we h 9 l d it in
trus t for our unbo rn c h i ldren . "
A c lo s e r aware ne s s o f t r ibal
proble ms , an ident ity � f brothe r
h o od , an image o f Ind ianne s s , ar.
a unity o f fe e l ing we � the mark•
o f the gathe ring .
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16
IAND OF FOUR D I REC T I ON S
by
FRED E R I C K J OHN PRAT S ON
as t h e y pre f.e r t o be c a l l e d , t o
t oday ' s world .
" LAND OF THE FOU R D I RECT I ONS
i s a me s s age from _ t h e Ind ian peoT h e c onc e pt for t h i s book evo lv e d
p l e wh i c h s ays ' Lo o k at m e
I am
an I nd i an and damn we l l proud o f
wh 7 n , on r e t u�f'.l i ng h ome , I found my
i t . ' " - A ndrew · N i ch o las , J r . , Ex
fr i e nd s unab le t o c ompre h e nd t h e
l i fe o f an I nd ian or t he fac t t hat
e c ut ive D i re c t or , Un i on o f N e w
many I n d ians l ive in nearby Ma i n e
Brunsw i c k I nd ians .
and N ew Brunsw i c k ,
T h i s l e d t o my
Fre d e r i c k J ohn Prat s on not only
c onc lus i o n t hat no amount of ve rb i has capture d a c and id g l imps e o f
age c ou ld t ru ly pre s e nt t he I nd ian
the Ind ian i n text and phot o , but
and h i s c ond i t i ons .
Ins t e ad t h e I n- has p l e d ge d ha l f h i s rayalt i e s t o
T . R . I . B . E . , Inc . , a n e x pe r imental
d i an mus t s h ow h ims e l f , h i s c ommuni t y , and h i s way of l i fe thr� ugh
s �h o o l in Bar Harb o r , Ma ine , for
p i c t ure s .
T h e word s must c ompleme nt , T e ach ing and R e s e arc h in B i -Cu lturbut n o t d e t rac t from , t h e phot oal Ed u c at i on .
graph i c e x pe r i e nc e .
Mr . Prat s on is a fre e lanc e photoI f t h i s book g ive s the non- Ind i an graph e r who l ive s i n N o rth S c i tuate ,
a d e e pe r und e rs t and ing o f h i s I nd i an Mas s . , w i th h i s w i fe , Pat r i c ia , and
ne i ghbo rs it w i l l have a c h i ev e d it s
H i s prev i ous
the i r four c h i ldre n .
goal . '
work : inc lud e s c ont r i but i ons t o varS o Fre d e r i c k J ohn Prat s on ex pla i ns i o us magaz i n e s and ph o t o graph i c
c re d i t for T h e G e o l ogy o f A cad ia
t h e ge ne s i s o f LAND OF FOU R D I RECT I ONS , wh i c h was publ i s h e d on NovemNat i ona l Park ( C hatham ) .
be r J , 1 97 0 , ( $7 , 9 5 ) by t h e C hat ham
( V i k ing Pre s s , I nc . , 6 25 MadPr e s s , I nc , 1 d i s t r ibut e d by V i k i ng ,
i s on Avenu e , N e w York , N . Y . 1 0 022,
.
w i t h i nt roduc t i ons by J o hn S t evens
2 1 2 P la z a 5-43 3 0 ) Mr . Prat
te l
and A nd re w N i c h o las ( 12 8 page s w i t h
s o n and t h e two Ind ian C h i e fs are
ava i la b l e for rad i o and t e l ev i s ion
ove r 1 0 0 pho t o graph s ) .
"LAND' OF FOU R D IRECT I ONS i s a d o c - appearanc e s �
C o ntact Jame e Tuc ker .
illn e ntary e x pe r i e nc e amo ng t he Pas s amaquod d y , Mal i s e e t , and M i cmac t r*
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i b e s o f Ma ine and N ew B runsw i c k .
S KETCHES OF OLD T OWN
It -i s e nd ors e d ·b y t h e I nd i ans t h e m
. by
. s e lve s , a rare h o no r for a wh i t e
· . ma:n ' s work
DAV ID N ORT ON , E s q .
Ch l e f Pe t e r Bar l ow , o f t he C anaS ome t ime in the lat t e r part o f
. d ian I nd ian I s land · R e s e rvat i on , b e .
l ie v e s t hat v e ry few me n are a-s s e r- t h e e i ght"e e nt h ' c e rit ury ,' .j ohn Marsh
appe are d h e re , or , as s ome author
i ou s about the I nd ians as Fre d e r i c k
i t i e s s ay , i n 1 77q, and· mad e a s e�
Prat s on .
" V e ry few wh i t e me n have
t l ement at t h e foo t o f Mars h I s land ,
be e n abl e t o .. � c apture t h e I nd ian way
. o f l i fe · and t hought as i t i s t od ay
and l ive d for s ome ye ars in int im·
at� and , fri � nd ly re lat i ons w i th t he
und e rs t and i ng and know le dge o f
my pe o p l e and I t h i nk t h i s i s won� . . . �nd i ans , l e arn ing t h e i r language ,
ariP fre qu e nt ly act i ng as an int e rd e r fu l . "
H i s deportme nt
pre t e r for t he m .
H e r� are t h e i r h om e s , t h e i r c h i was s u c h as t o w in the i r · unbound ed
l d re n , t h e i r pa i n , · and the·i r c e l e bT orn b e twe e n a proud anc e s - c on f i d e nc e , and for favors ·be s t owed ,
rat i on .
and s e rv i c e s r e nd e re d t o them , they
t ra l he r i t age and t h e s harp aware P
pro p o s e d t o make h i� a l ibe ra l c om
f t h e i r s·e c ond-c las s · c i t i z e nne s s o
s h i p , · t h e y are ang e r e d by broke n pro-pe n s at i on , and a ff i x e d the i r marks
t o · an i n s t rume nt , wh i c h was re pre
Po s t m i s e s and o bs o le t e : 'po l i c i e s
s ent e d t o t h e m as be i ng a · pe t it i on
e rs · ·o f G e r o n imo � t·he s e i z ure o f A lt o t h e Ge ne ra l C ourt o f Mas sachu
c a t raz , t h e pro l i fe rat i on o f Ind ian
Powe r e m b l e ms s igni fy a n e w m i l i tan- s e t t s , t o grant t o Mars h , a lot o f
cy , c o nne c t ing " T h e Pe ople " , · as t h e y land upon t h i s i s land - but whe n
•I\ ;
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17
c ont . )
( SK ET CH ES
the d o c ume nt re a c h e d i t s d e s t ina
t i on , i t was a s c e rt a i n e d t o be a
pe t it i o n i n the f o rm o f a d e e d , for
the grant of t he wh o le of the i s
land . - I n c ornp l i anc e ' w it h · the t e rms
o f the pe t it i on , t he S t at e made the
grant , and from that t ime forth the
is land has o bt a i ne d , and s t i l l b e ars
the iname of Mar s h Is land .
Wh e n t h e Ind i ans d i s c ov e re d the
impo s it i on t hat had be e n prac t i c e d
upon t he , t h e y mad e a n e ffort t o b e
reve nge d u p o n Mar s h , and mad e an
at t empt upon h i s l i fe , and he was
o b l i ge d to k e e p out of t he i r way
for s ome t ime , in ord e r to avo id
the c ons e qu e n c e s o f the i r j us t in
_d ignat i o n .
But treac h e ry ; in t ime , s o one r
or lat e r , i s s ure t o me e t i t s r e
ward s
a l l o f t h i s gre at inh e r i t
anc e s o fraudu l e nt ly obt a i ne d , the
mo s t of i t s l i pp e d out of his hand s
dur ing b i s l i fe t ime , and but a small
l o t , if anyt h i ng , now rema ins in
the p o s s e s s i on of h i s d e s c e ndant s .
( Tak e n from C hap . V , pg . 1 7 , 1 8 , )
e xp e r t s and more e x p e rt Ind ians . "
But Re p . J o s e ph E . B i nne t t e , D
O ld T own , s a id Ma ine Ind ians " d on ' t
want any part " o f be ing s e at e d in
t he l e g i s lature .
If they want e d t o be s � at e d t h ey
c an run for t he l e g i s lat ur� l ike
any o t he r cand idat e , B i nne t t e and
Re p . J ame s T . Dud le y , D -Enf i e ld ,
argue d .
want t o
" But t h e y d on ' t / , be c au s e t h e y
fe e l t he y c an g e t a lo ng b e t t e r t h i s
way t han i f t h e y we re on t h e flo o r
o f the hous e , " B inne t t e d e c lare d .
R e p . J o hn Donaghy , RT Lube c ,
I f In
s po k e aga ins t the o rd e r .
d ians are g iv e n s e at i ng pr iv i l e ge s ,
he s a id , the Le g i s lat ure w o u l d be
b o und to prov i d e s pa c e for any
e th n i c group wn i c h demand e d i t .
Re p . R i c hard He we s , R-Cape E l i z
abe t h , ra i s e d t h e �ue s t i on o f c o n
s t i tut i ona l i t y .
But S t ar� ird s a i d
h e had b e e n adv i s e d b y A t ty . G� n .
Jame s s . Erw in that s e at i ng o f t h e
Ind ians w i t h o ut vot ing r i ght s can
be d one by a Hou s e ord e r .
Any c i t
i z e n can b e s o s e at e d , h e ma i nta in
ed .
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"We s hou ld d o s impl e j us t ic e
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and pas s t h i s o rd e r , " S t a rb ird s a j i
The pre s e nt Ind i an re pre s e nta
YES V OT E- -THEN N O
t ive s to t he Leg is lat ure , e le c t e d
FOR IND IA N S EAT
b y t he i r t r i be s but having n o vo t
AUGUS TA-T he Ma ine Hou s e v o t e d 6 7 - i n g powe r at t he s ta t e h o us e , are
J ohn Ba i le y o f the Pas s amaquoddy
1 57 Tue s day a ft e rn o o n i n a non-ro l l
c a l l v o t e to a l l ow Ind ian re p�e s e nt r ibe and J o hn M i t c he l l , S r . o f
tat ive s t o o c c upy a non-vot ing s e at
t h e Penobs c o t t r ibe .
i n t he H ous e , and t he n turne d around ( From Bango r D a i ly News , 5/26/71 )
And t h e n on t h e o t he r
in a r o l l c a l l v o t e 1 0 m inut e s lat e r ( Ed . N ot e :
hand the non- Ind ian m i ght d emand
and rev e rs e d t ha t d e c i s i o n .
W h e n lawmak e rs w e re forc e d to s ig- a s e at on t h e t r ibal c ounc i l . T h e
princ i p l e o f t h i s i s s u e s igni f i e s
n i fy t h e i r v ot e s on t h e e le c t ro n i c
t o t e board, t he y v o t e d 7 5 - 5 8 aga ins t a s e para t e c i t i z e ns h ip f o r the
the o rde r by R e p . s. G l e nn S t arb ird , p e o p l e who are s t i l l o c cupying t he
land o f t h e i r fat h e rs and grand=
J r . , D . K ingman , t o ame nd the Hous e
fath e rs and wh o s t i l l rema in a s e rule s pe c i fy ing who s ha l l be s e at e d
parat e nat i o n . And t he n i f r e pre i ns i de the h o u s e ra i l ing .
S t ar b i rd s a i d Ind ians had n ' t b e e n s entat i o n w e re grant e d , t h e n t axa
t i o n wou l d be s ure to f o l l ow .
H o�
s e a t e d o n the f l o o r of the Hous e i n
a n o n-vo t ing c apac i t y s inc e 1 9 51 . He e v e r our e c o n om i c s t andards me a s ure
up to t h e Ma i n e c i t i z e ns , you can
sa i d the pre s e n c e o f t h e Ind ians i s
b e s ure that our land i s pr i c e le s s .
" of imme asurabl e va lue to u s h e re
on the flo or o n any que sti o n i nvo l v- No amount o f man ey c ou l d buy the
land, f o r in c a s e o f n e e d , we c an
ing I ndians . "
.
re ly on our land f o r s us t e nanc e ,
Re p. T he odo re s . C u rt i s , J r . , RC urtis sa i d what the s h e lt e r , and s upport . )
Orono , agre e d.
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le g i slature ne e ds is "fe we r I ndian
·
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18
( Gr e at
c o nt . from page J . )
re s t unt i l he f ind s t h e land the
t h e s e �h ings hav e be e n · l e ft l i ke the Great S p i r i t gave unt o you .
He
empty h o rne t ' s ne s t s ha l l c ave int o
� ha l l not pas s away w i t hout f i rs t
t h e m , l ik e t h e s and 1
A nd t h e pow e r- hav i ng put h i s fo o t u p o n a l l t h e
fu l man � h� l l be no · m6re - -T h e n t h e
land s t hat hav e be e n mad e ,
t h e re
G re at S p 1 r 1 t s ha l l c a l l m e forth , t o - fore l o o k f o r h im a lways . "
ward t h e noon s .un , t o t e ach you more . ( From L I FE A ND T RAD IT I ONS , by
.
The put t ing to d e ath of t h e Gre at
J o s e ph N i c o lar . )
S p i r i t w i l l c ome t o pa s s , in a far
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o f f l and . "
CHA PT ER I I
F L A S H
F L A S H
F L. A S H
" B e c aus e I make ment i o n o f t h e
aw fu l day c om ing you mus t not mak e
The N e ws l e t t e r l e a rne d Fr i d ay , June
yours s e l f a fra i d , as the Great S p i r- 4th , that Mart in A . Ne ptune • s draft
it w i l l n o t br ing t h i s upon you , o r
c a s e h a d b e e n c ont i nue d for two
your c h i ld re n �
I t w i l l a lways be
T he c a s e has be e n
m o re months .
P l a i n t o y o u t hat your bro t h e r and
po s t pone d to d e t e rm ine whe t h e r or
you are tw o '
you are r e d , and h e
n o t Fe d e ra l mars ha l l s had t h e righ ·'
t o remove Mart i n from tho Pe nobs co ·
T h e G r e at S p ir it has e s t abwh i t e .
re s e rvat i on , in what w i l l be c a l l P
l i s he d H i s numb e r w i th you b ot h .
H i s numbe r w i t h y o u i s s ev e n , wh i l e
a j ur i s d i c t i o n hear ing , t o be he lr
w i t h your brot h e r it s ha l l be thre e , in Hart ford , C onne c t i c ut , around
t h e f i rs t Monday o f Augus t .
and b e c aus e h i s numbe rs are few , he
s ha l � l ive fas t , and pa s s away qu i c k
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ly ,
and be c au s e your numbe rs are
many you s ha l l l iv e s l ow , and l i ng
e r . a l ong wh i le be yond your b r o t h e r .
I f you w o u l d l ik e to c ont inue re
A l l th e s e bad t h i ngs w i l l c ome t o
c e iv ing t h e MA IN E IND IAN N EWS LETTER
pas s a c ro s s t h e b i g wat e r , the re fo re S END IN YOUR NAME AND ADDRES S , W ITH
A CHECK OR MONEY ORDER FOR THBEE
I mus t warn you not t o bu i ld large
D OIAA RS .
v e s s e l s t hat w i l l be ar . you a c ro s s ,
s o t h at you w i l l not hav e a hand in
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t ak ing the l i fe of t h e Gr e at S p i r i t . *
· W he n the Gr � at S p i r i t s e e s t hat you
I f you w o u l d l ik e a c o py o f t�e
o ? e y_- t h i s warn ing you w i l l e s cape
L I FE AND T RAD IT I ONS , by Jos e ph
His wrat h � · and H e w i l l s how you how
N i c o lar , s e nd in a c he c k or money
H e w i l l c abs e
much H e l ov e s you s
' your c h i ld r e n to b e b o rn in t he s ame ord e r for t hre e d o °I lars .
form i� wh i c h H e mad e the f i rs t man .
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T he re w i l l n o t be a c h i ld b o rn d e �
· forme d , ne i�h e r w i l l any be k i l l e d
by · -l i ght n ing s
t h e y shal l e s c a pe t h e I f you w o u l d l ik e t o b e · a re p o rter
f l o ods and e arthquak e s , and whe n t h e from your home , s e nd i n your news
t o t h e Ma i ne I nd i an ·News l e t t e r .
be a s t b i t e s you , y o u w i l l n o t - go
:
W e we l c ome l e t t e rs , ·news pape r art
::.. · c ra z y w i t h h im , t h ougn c ra z y h e be '
i c le s , s t o r i e s , j ik e s , e t c , from
and . whe n you c u t your hand or your
our r e ad e rs .
f o o t , your j aw s w i l l not c lo s e up
•
•
•
·
,
T h e s e prom i s e s
l ik e the b e a s t s .
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s ha l l b e w it h you a s l ong a s you
k e e p yours e lv e s w i t h i n the bound s
I f you would l ik e t o know more abc
Know i ng t hat many
o f m� t e ac h ing .
t h e Un i ty Carava n , wh i c h s tarts
t e mpt a t i ons w i l l c ome to you--you
s ha l l be c ome w e ak i n m ind , and s ha l l o n J u ly J , 1 971 a t Onondaga ( S yra·
want t o be l i e v e s om e o t he r t ea c h ings , c us e ) N . y . , read t h e AKWESAS NE N O�
·
For t h o s e o f t he N e ws l e t t e r: re acrel'r
i t i s we 11 f o r me t o s ay t o you ,
who r e c e ive d a c o py in t h e ma i l ,
t hat t he wh i t e man w i ll fe e l i t as
t he e d i t o r s e nt your addre s s s o tha
a duty t o h is c h i ld r e n t o s e e k new
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s for t h e M , and t hat he w i l l n o t you c ou l d re c e ive a c opy .
land
- 1 9-
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' n-· GLA S S
. LEA THER
G las s 'ba l l· hung
n e c k la c e .
$J . 5 0
e a c h . from Ma i n e I nd i a n N e w s l e t t e r .
10 c e nt s per w o o � fo r o n e t im e �
. ·8�c e nt s-· p e r -· w o rd , t w o t o f i v e t ime s .
6 c e nt s p e r w o rd 6 t im e s or m o r e .
. F a s c- i n o. t
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I N D IAN MA D E MU K- LUK S
ing
-
lea ther,
from
A l l a d s mu s t be pa i d fo r in advanc e s
numb e r s , i n i t i a l s , a nd abbr e v i a t i o n s
c ount a s w o rd s .
M i n imum ra t e $1 . 0 0 p e r a d p e r m o nt h .
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PENDAN T
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IND IAN
MA I - E
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C OL ORIN G B O OK
No .
1
A 2 0 pag e c o l o r i ng b o o k o f u '·
p i c t u r e s w i t h c a pt i o ns d e p i c t i n g
l i f e o f t h e N o rt h e a s t I n d i an s .
i nc lu d e s ma i l i ng .
$1 . 0 0
·
..
-
Adult s i z e s
$ J O . O O , Y o ung c h i l d r e n ' s * * * * * * * * * * *
s izes
S e nd i n Fo o t m e a s u re
$1 5 . 0 0 .
T H I S S PA C E R E S E RV ED FOR Y OU R AD .
m e n t s w i t h c h e c k o r m o n e y o rd e r t o
Ma i n e I nd i a n N e ws l e t t e r .
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M OCCAS I N S
- fo r i n fa nt s o n ly
$ 5 . 0 0 p e r pa i r . Hand ma d e . S e n d
c h e c k o r m o n e y o rd e r t o � a i n e I nd i a n
N ews l e tt e r .
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'I w o u l d
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l ik e
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to
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re c e ive
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t b e MA IN E
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Hand
$1 . 0 0
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HEADBANDS
- ( street-or P . o . Box)
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- ( C ity- - - -st t - - - -z i -Code ) a e
p
-
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Subs c r i pt i o n r at e s 1
R e gu la r
C o n t r i bu t ing
S u ppo rt i ng
L i fe t im e
S i ng l e
DA T E
is sue s
AMOUNT
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IN D IA N N EWS LET T E R :
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Ma i n e
T ow n ,
I N D IAN N EW S LET T E R mak e s
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MA IN E
A s ubs c r i pt i on t o the
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3 5¢
Old
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bra i d e d l e a t h e r h e ad ba nd s .
e a c h - Ma i n e I n d i a n N e ws l e t J,
N AM E_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _T R I B E_ A DDRES S
*
Hav e y o u s om e t h i ng t o s e l l ?
S e nd i n y o u r a d t h i s w e e k fo r
n e x t m o nt h s a d �ert i s sm e nt in t h e
M a i n e I nd i an· N e ws l e-t t e r .
*
L I FE AND T RAD I T I ON S OF THE RED MAN
by J o s e ph N i c o l a r , j u s t $ J . O O from
t h e Ma i n e I nd i a n N e w s l e t t e r .
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RA T E
P OS TA G E
P A I D
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P0 .Y.m i t N o . 13
- � Y Co l l e g e I i b rc
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l t- y C o 2. l
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�
: e r v i l le , l'v!a i ne 04 901
. ,
C ompl imentary subs o ri � t ions will be d i e o ont i nu e d wit h
next
i s s.u e !
VOWME 4,
A I � i
I H D I A n
NUMBER 2
MAY
1971
'GREEN CARD' BILL
DISTURBS INDIAN TRIBES
TOBIQUE, N.B. - In what was des
cribed as simply a "traditional meet
ing", Indian chiefs from various
tribes which make up the two great
Northeast nations, have met at the
Maliseet reservation near here to
discuss opposing a piece of u.s.
legislation which would abolish the
green card commuter system.
Sen. Edmund S.
uskie is sponsor
.
ing the bill and his office has been
contacted by Indian interests, ac
cording to Loomis Sappier of the
Maliseet Reservation.
Sappier said he had been told by
the "executive secretary" at Muskie's
office that the legislation would
be suspended until further consider
ations have been made in special
regards to the Indians.
In the subsequent meeting at the
reservations Saturday and Sunday,
the Indian chiefs from the Algonquin
and Iroquois nations, which straddle
the U.S. Northeast and Canada's mar
itimes and Quebec from the coast in
to the Great Lakes region, decided
that the Muskie legislation 'poses
no immediate threat' to Indian pri
�
vileges.
S appie r said that the Indian re
preeentatives were more helpful of
futlll'e legislation along the same
lines which would curtail the Indians
ancient rights 'to go where he pleases
in North America without regard for
the irlternat onal boundaries of white
•n·
In the Jay Treaty between the u.s.
d Canada, it was written that Ins should be free to cross the
�
border with their personal be
longings as they wished.
The reasoning behind the claus
was that Indians, as the or
iginal citizens of1either Canada
or the U.S., could not rightfulJ-:
be made subject to the white man·
boundaries, and were to be allow
ed the boundaries of their own
nations.
The Muskie legislation would
prohibit aliens from residing in
the u.s. for the purpose of work
ing with no intention of becoming
a citizen.
The reasoning for the bill is
that the current green card sys
tem allows thousands of Mexicans
and Canadaians to live and work
in the U.S. thereby increasing
unemployment, lowering pay scales
and boosting welfare costs.
The bill would further provide
economic assistance to border
areas where aliens could commute
to work while residing in their
natural nation.
The Indians, accord�ng to Sap
pier, feared that the Muskie bill
would infringe on their long hon
·ared rights to come and go as thE
They want the bill held
please.
up until special provision has
been made for them in line with
existing treati•s.
(From Bangor Daily News, 6/4/?l)
S�e page 15 for fur
(Ed. Notes
ther infonnat ·on on "this meetin�·
of the North American Tradition�
Unity Convention, held at Tobiq·
N.B. May 29 to Jlst.)
2
of Lands on Kennebeck River. made
by Six Indian Sagamores, to Richard
Wharton, should be opened and ex
Conference and Trea � y of 1717
hibited to them, which was done
"The Conference between the Eng- and partly-Read, �nd Interpreted
lish representatives on the one hand to them."
Wiwurna replied, "As
far as the West side of the Ken-and the Kennebec, P enobscot, Ammarescoggin (Anasagunticook), and the
nebeck River I have nothing to
Pegwackit Indian tribes on the other, say, but am sure nothing has been
Sold on the East side."
This was
took place on August 9 , 1717 on Arunacceptable to the English, and
rowsick Island at Goerge Town.
The
the Governor answered,
"I ex�ect
conference itself lasted three days
their positive Answer and Complian
with the final treaty being drawn
ce in this matter, that the English
up and signed on the fourth.
The
conference is most interesting in
may be quiet in the posession of
that while on the first and second
the Lands they have purchased."
days of the conference the Indians
It is thus evident that the Inwere adamant in their clailils to much dians were gradually succumbing
to English pressure, but not entire
disputed lands, they completely rely.
versed their position on the third
day, giving in to every English deEarly the next morning the English Man of War was appearing to
mand.
Immediately the Indian�
set sail.
During the first two days of the
sent two men on board who "acknowconference the Indians' spokesman
was Wiwurna from the now extinct Ken- ledged the rudeness and ill man
ners they were guilty of on the
nebec tribe�
When Wiwurna welcomed
previous day, "and asked to con
English resettlement on Indian land,
The English
the English objected telling the in - tinue the conference.
agreed,
terprete r, "They must not call it .
their land, for the English have
Continued next issue.
bought it of them and their Ancest�
ors."
At this point the English of
x x x x x x x x x
x
x
fered to show deeds to prove their
claims.
The Indians voiced their object
THE
VISIT
ions to the English claims and1 with
drew to reconsider their position.
L 0 V E
A
R A M A
Upon their return for the afternoon
session on this second day, the
LAUNDRYMAT
tribes had reached two important de
cisions.
(1)
The Indians were willing to cut off their claim to land
when visiting the Penobscot
"as far as the M�lls, and the Coasts
Reservation at Indian Island
to Pemaquid."
( 2) The Indians all
near Old Town, Maine.
asserted that no land had ever bee"
purchased from the Indians, although
Maytag Machines - All New
some land had been "Alienated" by
way of.gifts made to the white �ett
Indian Owned and Indian run.
iers by the various tribes.
In answer to the first, the Eng
22 Center Street, Indian Island
lish Governor Dummer from Massachu
setts Bay, told the interpreters
Johfi Love, Proprietor.
"Tell them we dieire only what is
our own, and that we will have.
We
While your clothes are washing
will not wrong them, but what is our
and 'drying, why not visit the
In an
own we will be Masters of.·"
nearby Indian gift shops.
swer to the second Indian assertion,
ANOTHER GRIEVANCE
·
-
·
L'-
- -
""
- -- - ----
- --
-
J
and comfort.
Great men shall be
put to rule, and the rulers shall
E D I T O R I AL-·sE c ·Tr: o N
be many1
each ruler will want all
the power over the others;
this
THE MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER
the Great Spirit will call bad,
( Mrs . ) Eugenia T. Thompaon
EDITOR 1
and the Great Spir'i t will come among
them in the form of a man like unto
THE GREAT SPIRIT
themselves, and will stay among t
them, and teach them the way he
" • • • The growing season shall be
wishes them to live,
But their
the Red man's season.
The gatherlove of power will be so great they
ing season shall be the Black man's will slay the great spirit unto
season, and the cold season shall
death.
The Great Spirit will show
be the White man's season.
The sea- them that man hath not the power
sons were divided by the Great
to destroy him, and he shall arise
Spirit, and because the Red man obey-before the, and shall go up beyond
ed the first teaching given unto him,their reach.
His teaching to them
he shall
enjoy a pleasant one.
And shall be hard to understand because
because the Black man did not obey
they did not stop to listen to his
words while he taught them.
when told to look upon the earth
The
when he first opened his eyes, he
Great Spirit who is so good, will
shall always wait to follow the bid- show them that, revenge is not good.
ding of his brother;
and because
and he will let them occupy the Ja.n:
the White man wanted to stay on the for the purpose of mending their
land where he first opened his eyes ways.
He will only say to them
and wanted the Great Spirit to give
that He will never come to them
him all he beheld, the Great Spirit again in peace and that they shall
bade him go toward the setting of
not come to Him until they come
the sun.
The great Spirit saw that like little babes.
A line shall
the man he had made wanted the whole be d�awn between Himself and them-
world, therefore he sent him to
humiliation and obedience only will
The sweetness of the
chase the suni
when he comes to the save them.
great waters he shall make large
earth and love of power will desvessels, s o he can chase the sun ac- troy them.
Before the day of desross the great waters, because he
truction comes, this man shall have
wants all the worldi
he shall slay enjoyed all the power and possessior
he diesire, and he shall have tasthis broth e r because he wants all
ed the sweetness of the earth.
Wher.
things1
he shall sknow no one behe sleeps ae shall sleep on a bed
cause he w ants the power over all
The first born shall slay of flowers scented with roses, he
the earth.
need only reach forth his hand to
the next kindred to himself for the
Power grasp all things for his comforts
want of powe r and possession.
and possession shall be so sweet to he will draw things for his conven
him, that it will turn his nature to ience from the wat er, from the air,
disob e d i e nee1
even the first woman and from deep down in the earths
shall disobey the Great Spirit, and and the Great Spirit shall be look
for this is the time that
bring deat h unto mankind, - -who shall ing ons
He will the man is about to f o rget the death
be s e nt forth to seelc food.
of the Great Spirit--The man not
not heed the s ayings and warnings
of the Great Spirit but shall conhaving repented, is to dig a pit
tinu e in the ways that he likes, un- in the water, the air, and the eartt
wherein he shall fall.
After he
til the Gre at S pirit shall be s o p
shall have dug these pits, then the
provoked he will send a gre at rush
Great Spirit shall show the man His
of water, and all the bad shall be
He s hal l shake the earth,
powe r .
drowned,--but a few sav e d , who wil l
continue to live good , and shall in- because the substance of the water,
a ir, and earth have been d rawn out,
crease until they be like t he sand
and use d for comfort sake, and all
t the earths and shall be able to
a e 18 . )
ae all things for t h e ir c onv e nie m� ( con t in ue d on
4
L E
to
the
T T E
R S
because I have been looking for it
since I read Kenneth Robert's no
vels many years ago.
E D I T 0 R
About every book up until Vine
DeLoria has been-authorized by and
published by - non-Indians - but
Dear Sira
c'est l'vive.
Please send me a copy of "The
Life and Traditions of the Red Man" P.S. Joseph Nicola would have beer
by Joseph Nicola for which I enclose my great grandfather.
Yours,
&J.OO. I am happy to see the newsMary Mahoney (Penobscot)
paper back in circulation and am en*
closing $5.00 to help keep it going.
I am also happy to see that we
Dear Mrs. Thompson,
I recently found out that you
are finally doing something about
Fres�rvi�g our language. I am study- are now printing another news.
letter. Enclosed please find $J.OC
ing it diligently and hope to be
for a subscription. r•ve really
b�e t? continue to do so. r am
3
still �ery interested in life on the missed reveiving the news from
home.
Island since I was born there and
Your newsletter is my only
love the memories I have from there.
Please also send me more information link to what's happening on Indian
Island. I haven't lived on the
on the Credit Union since I think
reservation since I was a boy.
this is also a good idea.
Furthermore, since my Uncle
Anxiously waiting to hear from
Jack (Bluejay) and my grandmother
you, I remain,
died, I seldom visit. (I hope to
Mrs. June (Rance) Lane
visit in June.
Springfield, Mass.
*
If there are any "Skeegins"
in the hite Mountain area tell
Dear Jean1
them to stop and say hello.
Enclosed please find enclosed
Sincerely,
check for $6.oo. $J.OO for the mvn
Ron (Sunny) Ranco
thly subscription of the Indian News
Indian Trail Gifts
letter and the other $J.OO is for
North Conway, N.H.
the book of The Life and Traditions
*
of The Red Man. Leslie always talk
ed·about his grand�ather writing this Dear Mrs. Thompsons
Thank you for your �ecent le
book but never could find it. I hope
he remembers some of the context of ter. I am unable to provide you
it. I am also interested in another with the infonnation you request.
book "The Indians of the Androscog I have taken the liberty of for
warding your letter to Mr. Irving
gin Valley by Charles M. Starbird,
Lewiston Journal Printshop 19 28. If Powless of the Onondaga Tribe in
New York, He may be able to assis
you can get one I would appreciate
you.
it. I am very happy the Maine In
If I can assist you in some
dian Newsletter is back in print.
other way, please write again,
Good luck and keep up the good work.
Sincerely f)Ours,
Sincarely,.
Leo W. Vocu, Oglala Sioux
Mrs. Leslie (Valentine) Ranco
Acting Executive Director
Indian Moccasin Shop
National Congress of American
Wells, �1aine
Indians
·
·
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*
Dear Eugenie•
(Ed•. Note 1 This reply concerns
Glad to see you "back in print".
In7
A. N
Hope this new effort will be success-M�rtinwhoseeptune! Penobscot �till
case 1� conrt i �
di�n!
00
$5.
ful. Enclosing two checks
wait1�g for a �earin� on failing
for a subscription, and $J.OO for
)to report for induction. See MINL,
the book, Life and Traditions ••• (etc
.)
I feel I have a priority on this book Vol. 4, Number 1 for story
-
(LETTERS
•
•
•
c ont. )
5
Eugenia•
Please send me the monthly Maine
Indian News letter to the ad d res s be
Enc l o s ed is a check for a re
low,
gular ( 3 .00) s ub s c ription and put
the balanc e toward s Martin Neptune ' s
court expens es .
Bes t regard s to
Martin , Ken and wish you s uc c es s
with the News letter.
S potted Eagle
All Indians Coalition
Box 3 73
NYC , NY
10022
Brothers & Friend s :
Enc l o s ing $).00 pleas e s end
me the Newsletter..
And pleas e
maybe y o u c an help me .
I was
brought up to believe I was des
cended from the Penobs c ot Tribe
but am having trouble trying to
trace back .
I have got t o S t o c k
bridge , Vermont about 1850 .
I
have written the town c lerk in
that t own three times and s ent
money for the fee but can't get
an answer.
Any help would be ap
.
*
preciated .
Dear Mis s Thomps ons
Red Fox
Your recent letter to the Indian
·Chief Medic ine Man
Rights A s s o c iation has been referr
N orth American
ed to me as Chairman of the Law Com
Indian Club , Inc .
mittee.
( Ed . Notes I d on't know of any
We deeply regret that we c an be
work that is being d one in the
We have
of no material as s is tance.
c ompilation of des cendents of Pen
limited financial res ourc es , and be
obs c ots.
The only advice �c ould
cause we have s o many c alls upon our
give at this time is to c heck in
As s oc iation to as s ist individual In
the census rec o rd s , whic h are be
dians in their s c ra pes with the crim ing maintained at the Department
inal law , we have a d o pted a policy
of Indian Affairs , in the State
which limits our as s i s tance to t�ibes House , Augus ta , Maine . )
*
or groups , s uc h as our help to the
Pas samaqu oddy in their land claims .
Dear Mis s Thomps ons
Our Law Committee sees no merit
Thank you for your telegram
in the legal po s ition taken by Mr,
of December 2 urging my s upport
Neptune .
He is a c iti z en , and mus t
for the action to return the Blue
be s ubject to all United S tates law ,
Lake lands in Kit Cars on Fore s t
wh ether he approves of it or not.
I appologiz e
to the Tao s Pueblo.
Old Treaties and c us toms , h owever
for the delay in my res ponse .
venerable , are rendered ineffec tive
A s you probably know by now:y
The
by s ubs equent A cts of Congres s .
the a c tion to return these land s
s uc ceeded , and t�e bill was s igned
•oraft Laws " maRe no exc eptions for
Penobsc o t Indians , as s u c h,
The Pen into law .
I wa� pleas ed to be
able to lend by s upport t o this
obs c ot Indians are not "Federaliz ed"
amendment , and I was very happy
Indians , and thus have n o overriding
that the S enate vote was favorable .
special privileges granted by the
Pederal Government .
Thank you for taking the time
to let me know of your s upport and
We wis h him well , but regret that
we are in no p o s ition to a s s is t him .
r- appreciated being ad
interes t,
vised .
Faithfully ymrs ,
S incerely ,
Leo T. Connor
Edmund s. Mus kie
Indian Rights Ass o c iation
United S tates S enato
1505 Rac e S treet
(Ed. N o tes
Other Penobs c ots ,
Philadelphia , Penn.
The J o hn Sapiel s , and the Mic hael
19102
Crawfo rd s als o s ent telegrams . I
(Ed. Notea I w ould like to refer
h o pe S en . Muskie wili help when
your Law C ommittee to Mad Bear's
ever we get around to as king for
Pindings , part of w hi c h will be rethe return o f Mount Katadhin . )
. inted on page ·a of this m onth• s
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- 6 INDIAN V ALUES vs WHITE VALUES
WASH IN G TON, D.c. (AIPA)
Am erican Indians were called the "First
The following is from an article
environmentalists" at the opening
entitled "Indian Values and Atti
of Earth Week activities here.
tudes," printed in Smoke Sign al s ,
"There are no people more
a Newsletter put out by the St. Pau:
sensitive to our natural environ
American Indian Center.
ment than are Indian People·,"
remarked Rogers C. B. Morton, Sec
retary of the Interior, .to a group
!NQI!N_V�L!l,E_SX,S1:_E� ..
of educators from Indian boarcting
present oriented
and da;>' schools across the country. 1.
2. lack of time consciousness
Traditional Indian reverence �
for nature marked the theme of the
3
givine rather than saving
4.
respect for age
five-day meeting of educators for
an Indian Environmental Education
5. cooperation rather than com -�&
Workshop at the Bureau of Indian
petitiveness
Affairs here and Catoctin Mountain
6. harmony with na�ure
Park, Maryland.
lorton told the group that
!;!O�-lNQI!N_V!L!lE_S,XS!�
Indian history, religion and philo1.
sophy all reflect a oneness with
future oriented
nature.
2.
time conscious
3 . saving
He said environmental education
in nd an schools is an "exciting
4 . emphasis on youth
beginning" and will provide Indian
competition
5.
childre n with an "opportunity for
6. conquest over nature
.
Some interesting pointc
leadership beyond anything I've seen (Ed notes
to p nn d e r.)
or a long time."
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"Thi s is a forerunner of environTO PIC
THANKS
mental awareness to children across
the country," Morton said.
The MAINE IN DIAN NEWSLETTER was1
Miss Silma Victor, Chactaw,
run off on. the mimeogra�h machine
recently appointed as
orton's
Special Assistant for Indi an Affairspelonging to the Penobscot Indian
Corpbration, Inc.
praised' the BIA program as a means
Much thanks to their corporation
�f directing a new level of
for their cooperation.
environmental consciousness to the
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country through Indian people.
LIBRARY1ENLARGED= Indian Island;
Louis R. Bruce, Commissioner of
housed
Indian Affairs, said the e nvironm e n-The I ndian Island Library,
in the scho�l has beery greatly
P i s desig�ed
tal awareness program
Many addit10
enlarged th is sum�er.
to infuse an awareness of the
books have been'added, both old and
envir o nm e nt into traditional art,
Adu i t books as well as child•
new,
mathematics, english, history, and
Until now only 'children's
res's.
social studies, as well as in the
books could be found on the shelves
sciences, where it often rests."
many ad u lt
Bruce was asked how environmenta1 but with th� addition of
books it is. hoped that parents
awaremess could be infused in
and other adul t s will use the .
Indian children when they often
library and ta ke out books wpich
see their lands indi s c riminately
,
they might like to read.
destroyed by dam building and
Anyone h av ing books the� wish
s uperhi�hway construction.
to donate should contact S�ster
"We are taking steps to correct
Celestine, Indian Island.School,
that situation," Bruce r ema rked .
near Old Town, �aine
- Thomas Edward?
For more d, etails read the. next
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issue of The 'Maine ·Indian N ews lettt
Ed Note a
AIPA is tpe.American
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Indian Press Asso ciatio n .
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'INVISIBLE INDIANS' TO GET HELP
By Daviq Bright,
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City Deek
Kenneth Curtis and his staff on the
project.
As things stand now, the agency
will be set up through the Augusta
OEO office. Bangor-based, it will
provide an office and staff .who can
provide infGrmation and financial
assistance tG off-reservation In
dians to help them get adjusted to
the new life they seek when they
leave the reservation.
"Indians'WJJ.nt an educatinn, job
training, and other things white
We'll be able to
people can gat.
We'll know how
help them get it.
to help them apply and we'll be ablr
to get them emergency assistance to
pay rent and food bills until they
Mrs. McGrane saic
get established,"
"These are things the state owes
"We'r� not going
them." she said,
to go around soliciting money from
We'll
people and organizatinns.
e�ist to see that off-reservation
Indians are provided with the same
things the Depa rtment of Indian Af
While most Maine people ignore,
and others fret over, the plight of
Maine Indians, one smal l group of
Indians has been quietly working to
improve their plight.
They are concerned with the "invisible Indians,"
those living off Maine's three reservations.
The off-reservations Indians, who
make up the majority of the tribal
census have found themselves in a
unique position.
To the white man
they are still Indians, but to many
of their b rothers, they are white
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They settle, uncertain, someplace
in the �iddle.
If, like many of the state• s population, they cannot find a job or
need financial help for another reason, even getting getting welfare
On the reservacan be a problem.
tion there is no problem, as a simple request to the Indian Agent will
bring results.
But those who have
fairs provides the Indians living
chosen to live off the reservation
on the reservations."
often run into problems.
Purdy and Mrs. McGrane feel the·
Basically, the people who have
Indian Affairs Department plays too·
the �oney, whether they be municiheavy on Indian culture and heri
pal welfare directors, the Departtage in it's handling of Indians.
ment of Indian Affairs or the DeCulture and heritage don't feed
partment of Health and Welfare, find
t easy to turn down off-reservation your kids,0 Mrs. McGrane said. " In
i
dian cultura doesn't mean starving
Indians.
They don't fit the dataand scraping in the dirt for your
gories1 they belong somewhere else.
You don't have to wear fea.
"Off-reservation Indians are heirs needs.
thers �o p;ove you're p�oud to be
to al l t�e rights and privileges of
an Indian
reservation Indians
granted to the
.
The agency is currently waiting
tribes in place of
the Indian
final approval .and fun�ing, and if
land �aken from them," feels Mrs.
.
·Phyllis McGrane, hersalf a Penobscot all goes well will be in operation
There are close to 390
living off the Indian Island Reserv- by August.
off-reservation Indians in the Banation.
9or ar7a alone -who �ould get immed"But unfortunately, many don't
i ate aid. Another six to seven hunknow what their right s are
or who
dred Indians in o ther parts of the
to turn to when in need of 1help.
sta e would also be affe ct ed
That's what our agency will do, it ' l l
Once we ge� people fed and on
be a clearing house for all off- re their way,'' .Mrs. McGrane said, "may
servation Indians,"
be they' l have time to worry abouf
The agency �'N3. McGrane refer s to
culture.
is one she and George Purdy, a Passrom the B angor Daily News,
amaqu oddy living in Bangor, h a�e ba!'l (F
une 1, 1971,)
working on fo r several months.
J
They
have trnveled often to Augusta and
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h�ve worked closely with Governor
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PAULINE s. SHAY
t reat ies made, or which shall be
made, under the authority of the
INDIAN ISLAND, Old Town, Ma ine
Uni t ed States, shall be the Supreme
Miss Pauline s. Shay, 78 , of In- Law of t he land.....
d � an Island, died at a Bangor hos2. (d.) All Indians with treaty
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p1tal on May 21 following a long
� iv ing in the so-calle d territorial
illn:ss.
limits of the United States strong.
M1ss Snay was born at Watch Hill, ly and unan imously·oppose d the pa
sR.I., Aug. 23, 1892, daughte r of
sage of this Act, and still openly
Sabbatus and Margaret (Ranco) Shay. re gard it as Illegal!
She at t e nded scho ols in Rhode Is(e,) QUESTION1 If an Indian
land, Massachusetts, Old Town, and denounce s his so-called citizenship
at Hebron Academy.
of the Unit ed Stat e s, and pledges
She had operated a basket store
h is alleg iance to his own respect
.
on Indian Island for many ye ars and ive Indian Nation, is he deported,
had also boarded Indian children
and if so, to whe re?
and adults.
(f,) QUESTIONs Can a citizen
She was a membe r of Ind ian Is�
of the Un ited State s have a legal
land Bapt1st Church and a.reg iste r- treaty w ith his own Nat i on?
· (g,) The 1924 Citize nsh ip Act
ed membe r of the Penobscot Tr ibe of
Indians.
(re garding Indians) referred to
Survivors include one s iste r,
Ind ians, " • • ,within the territorial
Mrs. Viole t Francis, Indian Islands l imits of the United States • • • "
one brother, Leo Shay, Hampt on Be"J. Se ct, 2 of the U_,s. Presiach, Va. ; seve ral nieces and nep-·
dential Proclamation 2572, in rehews,
ference to the draft re adss " • • • an�
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it shall be the duty of eve ry male
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citizen of the United States
"
MAD BEAR"S FINDINGS
and it further statesa (In section
Ja of the said proclamation) "all
(Ed. Notes In respo nse t o lett e rs persons liable for training and
that were sent out to int e re sted
se rv ice shall be the followings
pe ople who could give adv ice , and
every male citizen of the United
information wh ich would help Mart in States or person who has declared
ijeptuee case , we received a lette r his inte ntion to become such a cit
'from the Indian Rights Assoc iait ion, izen.,,"
which is repr inte d on page 5. In
(a.) The above would only apply
orde r to unde rstand Martin's be liets to Indians who had accepted citizen·
portions of the se findings are re- ship in the United States by their
printed,)
own will or volition, or had made
"2,
The old argument that "In- a "declaration of intent" to become
dians are citizens of the United
such a citizen!"
States by virt ue of the 1i24 Cit5, These findings are not inizenship Act, and are thus subject tended to discourage Indians from
to the draft laws of the United
accepting cit izenship in the Un
States" is purely nonsense be causes ited States, voluntarily join ing
(a.) Force d Citizenship violat- the Arme d Forc�s o! the �nit7d States, or becoming conscientious
es Int e rnational Law.
(b.) Forced Citizenship violat- objectors", but rathe r to protect
e s our treaties and the sovereignty those Indians to whom it applies,
of our Indian Nations.
in order that the y may more fully
( c . ) Forced Citizenship violates e njoy their rights and privilege s€
Article 6 Sect i o n 2 of the Unit e d
"tre aty-Indians", whose only desire
is to live· ' in peace with all man
State s Constitution which re ads r
"This constitution and the Laws of kind. "
the Unite d States, which shall be
Mad Bear, Tuscarora Nation,
made in pursuance there of, and all
Iroquois Confederacy
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ON RESERVATION INDIANS EXEMPI' FROM TAXES
Maine Revised Statues, Title 36, section 6 54 (1) (c),
sta't=es..\. "The poll3 and.estates of the following person are
ex�pt' from ta.x�tionr· ··The polls and estates of only those
Indians who reside on tribal reservations," Furthermore,
Title 36, section 501 (1) readss "'Estates shall be construed
to mean both real estate and personal property."
Most people
have always taken this to apply to land which an Indian owns
or uses within the reservation.
But as a rereading of the
statute clearly reveals and as the legal section of the Maine
Municipal Association explained in their monthly magazine
during the winter of 1968
1 6 9 , this statute also exempts
all real and personal property from taxation anywhere in the
state of Maine, so. long as the Indian owner resides on one
of the three Reservations.
-
If you are an Indian residing on one of the three reserv
ations in Maine, and have erringly paid such a tax, the le
gisl�ture has provided a method by which you may make a claim
for a refund.
Title 36, section 504 provides that a person who has
inadvertantly paid such a tax to bring an action against the
municipality in the Superior Court, in the same county,
"and the person shall recover the sum not raised for a le
gal ob j ec t, with 25% interest and oosts, and any damages
whic h he has su stained by reeeon of mistakes, errors or om
missions o f suc h o ffic ers."
In a c tual prac tic e, people who have had such taxes
c o llected wrongfully have been able to obtain a refund.
There are court cases �hich have b�en favorable on this
point-as well.-· One· in· particular is an old case, Foss vs
Whitehou se 94 Me. 491, 48A,109, heard in 1901 in which the
Maine Supreme Judical Court held that when a tax collector
demanded and received from a tax payer more than was due,
and more than appears to be due according to his lists, he
must refund the excess to the tax payer, even though he has
paid the amonnt into the town treasury.
This does not mean you must not pay the tax in question.
On the other hand, if you
If you wish to pay it, you may.
qualify for the exemption, and feel you can not afford to
give your money away, then it appears senseless to do so,
Written by
Kenneth c. Thompson
Attorney at Law
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KA IANE REK OWA
The lineal
desc ent o f the people of the Five Nations shall
the female line. Women shall be considered the progenitors
They shall o wn the land, and the soil.
Men and
of the Nation.
women shall follow the status of their mothers.
run in
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THE C OMMUNICATIONS GAP
What L i fe M ight Be l ik e
I f There Had Bee n No C omm
unications Gap Betw e en
Co lon ist and I nd ians
Bys
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The Bound ing Elk
Of Tha Turtle Clan
Once upon a t ime , R e n e '
Robert Caval ier , S ie ur d e La
Sa lle , the now famous Fr ench
explorer, was a passe nger in a
B irchbark canoe be ing paddle d
westward a long t h e S outh shore
·or Lake i'Jlichigan by four Abenaki
Ind'.ans.
It was a pleasant summe r
day somet ime in tne early 1600's
in a part of t he cont inent claim-
e d by France as New France , later
c al l e d C anada .
Now o f course ,
the are a l i e s w ith in the j ur is
d ict ion o f the U n i t e d S tates of
Ame r ica .
The four Abenak i Ind i an :
paddl e rs were t ak ing La.S al le t o
the port age b e tw�en the lake and
the Il l i no is R iver , a Route wh i ch
wou ld e v e nt ual l y carry h i m t o
his famous d iscovery of t h e M iss
iss i p p i R ive r , and al low h im t o
cla im t h e m idd l e port ion o f what
is now k nown as " lou is iana" in
t h e name of K ind Lou i s of Franc e .
Actually , the Ind ians, knew
about t he p lace a ll along , or
t h e y could not have t ak e n h im
t here , but the y d i dn't count ,
so LaS a lle d iscover e d it anq be
came famous .
N e e dlass to day , LaSalle
d i dn' t talk much Algonqu ian
language , eve n of the A benak i
d iale ct,
L i k e wise , h is padd l e rs
knew a l i t t l e fren c h , gut not
much.
The commun icat i ons gap
was r e al , but t h e y w e r e able to
make a go 0£ i t for seve ral thou
sands m i les of c anoe paddl ing ,
wh ich speaks w e ll for t he i r at t
e mpt t o commun i c at e.
We know , however, tnat
somet h i ng was lost in t ranslat i on
because we can e xam i ne the Abenak i
I nd i an words used above which
have come into our language toda.y
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and see what they actually mean ,
and t ry to imag ine how t he m is
unde rstand ing came about
Wh ile t he �ale we sp in here
may be apo c ryphal , at b e st , there
is a great deal of fac t ual mat er
i a l in it .
Only t he inc idents
are dev ised .
Cast your m inds back , i f
you w ill , t o that ple asant
summer day when LaSalle asked
t he I nd ian behind h im , the owner
of t he ·canoe , what he called t he
ve ssel in wh ich they were t ravel
ing
Finally get t ing t he message
across o f what t h e bearded French·
man wanted-�. to know , the A benaki
canoeman looked at his old fre igh·
t canoe , const ruct e d s e v e ral �
spr ingt imes earl i e r , and replifJ<i
"en-ga'h-nool(my old boat ) , " wh=
ich LaSalle du i t i fU l ly wrote down
as he he ard i t , "c-a-n-o-e, "
Now i f the re truly hAd been
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no commun i c at ions gap , there woulc
have been no need for t he quest io1
But i f the Ind ian had t ruly
understoodth e question and t he
r�ason for its be ing asked , he
m ight have replied d ifferently.
He may have g iven the stan
dard Algonquin term for canoe�
nah-gwe-e-den (my f loater) ana
the whole course of h istory might'
have be e n changed , includ ing the
name of tne popular line of im
ported men"s a ft e r-shave toilet
er ies,
Camps would be stag ing
"Agweeden rac es" instead of caMd'
races and t he boy scouts would
be awardingAgweeden Merit Badges,
Wdnder what it would be i f
t he can� .1ad been brand new 1
ie�
T he Ind ian would have repl
boat) . "
"en-be-e-loo l(my new
.
paddling
Ho� would you l ike to be
"canoe?
a "b i loe " instead of a
ned,
It would have happe
group
Paddling onward, t he
e st ern Shore
caughtsight of the W
LaSalle• c
o f La.ite Mich igan , which
e,
cou rse had never seen befor
that the
and remeber, please,
( C-of.l't inl11ed· -1 -.·page .M • · ).·.- i; .• · .. ·•
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(THE COMMUNICATIONS
cont.from p 10)
four Abenak_i Ind ians were from no
thern New England, called by the
French, Acadia, and also claimed by
them.
So to the paddlers, that distant shore was a foreign country,
even
hough it was occupied by Al
gonquins.
Not only was it foreign,
but because it was not home, it was
a place to be held in comtempt be
cause of their own national prid@.
Now, we must inject an under
standing of Algonquian, particular
ly Abenaki Indian, humor, by saying
th�t i� is regularly "smutty".
No
thing Jis so funny to an Indian as
a good d irty joke, unless it is
playing a good dirty practical joke
on some unsuspecting wa- y-nooch
(foreigner) who doesn't get the
joke,
Our explorer, monsieur de la
alle, excitedly asked the Indian
in front of him what he called that·
land ftover yonder."
There can be no d oubt that the
other Indians �early split their
sides with hilarious laughter as the
padd ler replied , "mi-j-i-gun"(feces),
Oblivious to �he joke played
on all subsequent North Americans,
particularly on the resid ents of t
that great state, LaSalle jotted t
.the word d own as he heard it, "m·t�· ·e-h- -g-a.-n."
The joke's on �s,
and it's a joke that survives today
e.mong Abenaki Indians (and that�s
a true fact).
(Continued in June's is!rue)
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THE-DAM.WATER
"I went down to the dam to
ask the d am man if I could have
some dam water.
The dam man said
I couldn•t\·havs any dam water, so
I said to the dam man, 'You can
keep your d am water.• So the dam
man kept his dam water.•
As told by Adrian Loring and
Rodney John Francis (Penobscots),
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PLACE
From the back of my mind there is
a place
A place where there is all love
no hate
A place that has no cars, roads,
cities, -industry-pollution
A place where the sun shine never
stops
A place where my people, the In
dians can live once more without
being put on a reservation
A place where we can roam free
A place for you and me.
by
a Penobscot Indian
Denise Mitchell
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CENSUS OF THE PENOBSCOT TRIBE OF
INDIANS AS COMPILED BY THE TRIBAL
COMMITTEE ON FEBRUARY 11, 19 71,
AT INDIAN ISLAND, MAINE.
Number of persons on the census
list of 19 71••••••••••••••• :.s2a
Number of births during the
year••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,lJ
Indian women added by marriage.�1
Members not previouslympcrted, ••6
Children added by adoptio�·:·:•lO
Members lost through inel1g1b1litY••••••••••••••····· ········o
�
Members abandoned by tr1be •••••• o
Deaths during the year••••••••••6
Increase in the tribal member•
ship,••••••••••••.••••••••.•••• •
Number of persons on the list
during 1970 •••••••••••••••••• 795
Inactive list •••••• ,'•.••••••••• 1,26
Absentees •••••••• , •••••••••• , ••• 0
Reinstatea ••••••••••••••••• , •••• o
Marriages, both parties Indian•• 2
Marriages, Indian and White ••••• 4
Voted
that people not repor�
i�g for year or longer b� put on
inactive list and there would be
no more absentees on the active l�
JO days residence would be requir·
ed to bo reinstated on the active
list.
I hereby certify that the fo
going Census List is oorr�ct as
lContinued � on page 12.)
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(Ce nsus
continue d from page 11.)
reporte d by the Pe nobscot C ommitte e
of the Penobscot Indians on Thurs
day, Fe b. 11, 1971.
Governor Francis Ranco
Witness to Signature
James H, Mur�hy , Notary
Public , Commission e xpire s
January 19, 1973
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$200,000,000 FOR NAVAJOS
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FROM PEABODY COAL MINING
By Wi lliam H
•.
Keste rt
Peabody C oal Co . o f St.Louis isn't
go ing to mak e the Ar izona dese rt
e xactly blo om, but the $200,000,00C
it will pay the Nava j o and Hopi
Ind i ans will go a long way..
T he Penobscot Tribal Committ e e
c o nsiste d of the foll owing members
T hat is the amo unt o f royalty and
that w e re prese nt on the above date i wages Pe abody e xpe cts to pay t he
tw o tr ibe s to m i ne coal on the ir
land for the ne xt 35 ye ars .
G overn or Franci s Ranco, Lt . Gove r
nor Frank Loring , Commiss i o ne r o f
The lease s with Pe abody require it
Indian A ffairs , James Murphy, T he
to ope rate in a sa fe and workman
re s a Sne ll , Paul ine Love, Be atr ice
like manne r and av oid waste o f the
Ph i ll ips, Rita Dana , Franci s Mit
chell, N i cho las Sap i e l , Wilfr ed Peh land .
They state that Peabody must re t u7
rs on , John Sapie l , M i chael Ranco .
Black Me sa to.the tr ibes " in as
Thre e me mbe rs we re not pre se nts
go od condit i o n as re ce ive d , e xce pt
Irv ing Rance , Gle n Lo lar , and Dan
for ord inary we ar, te ar and d e ple�
ie l Mitche ll.
tion incid ent to mining ope rationL
(Ed. note s
So once aga in we know
t
The company ' s plans have b e e n ap
wh o's who and who's not
J
proved by the Navajo and Hopi co*
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unc ils , the Bureau o f Indian Af
fa irs and the u�s. Ge o logical Sur(Ed. note s
the following adv e rtise vey .
Whene ve r feasible , P eabody plans
me nt was tak e n fro m the Lad i e s Home
to divert surface run- o ff wate r
Journal, January 1971 issue . For
so the final mining cuts can be
)
those who like to pre te nd read o n.
u s e d to cre ate lak e s , which will
se rve as reserv o irs for cattl e and
WHO OPEE
\
othe r animals in that arid country
.
Any tiny ch i e f will give a
who op and a ho llar over th i s 6 - fo o t Pe abody continue s to explore the
wigwam set.
Assemble s e asilya pole s reservatio n for additional coal
d e p o s its.
�re rubbe rcapped to prote ct flo ors .
(From S t . Louis Post Dispatch,
Includes rubbe r tomahawk , bow and
arrow , he addre ss, and "pe ace " pa int . January 26, 1971.)
Ke e ps youngste rs on the fun path for
(Ed . notei
Pe abody Coal Co, oug�t
$J.98 plus
hours, while you re lax.
to take the ir �one y and teach t�
62¢ for p ostage
Ord e r from Spartan
res ide n ts o f Los Angeles and Ph��
Sales, Yonke rs, N.Y.
ix a b o ut curbing pollution and
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preserving na ture .
It s e ems tha�
the de adline is near for all of u:·
to regain this basic understandin1
NOTE
o f our relationship with nature,
ft
If you wish to continue receiv to st op the iving and s t art thri
ing. It is ele ar that nature· is
ing the Maine Indian Newsle tter,
overburdened with useless wast e r
.
send i n the subscription, blank and
and could cease support o f mankir.'
y our check or money o rd e r . o r cash.
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g
g
HOW
INDIANS HUNT DEER
By B il l Ge agan
13
t he swo llen c arcas s o f a be l ly
d r i l led buck , he s a id sad ly 1 M Th is
i s the c rue l and was t e ful re s u lt
( C ont inue d from Apr i l ' s i s s ue . )
o f tyr ing t o cat ch a d e e r l "
Sylve s t e r and all of my other
ne cks o f two d o e s fo l lowed by the
Ind ian fr i e nds agre e t hat " pus s y
amaz ingly l ong neck of a very cur
foot " s ta lk i ng is pretty muc h a
i ous buck appe are d above the tall
was t e of t ime and e ffort . T he
gras s l it t le more than a canoe len wh itet a i l , t he y c la im , can eas i ly
gth away .
hear o r s c e nt the app�oach o f the
The buc k , a bulle t t hr
ough the throat, was e as i ly -mine ,
mos t sk i lled hunte r and s l ip qu i e t
and N e e dahb e h laughed .
" You d idn ' t l y away far ahead o f h im . And they
be l i ev e me d id you? M he s a id .
" It ' s po int out t hat many t ime s the d e e r
my own l it t le t r i c k and it w i l l pay
won ' t make t he e ffort to sneak away .
off almos t eve ry t ime in the right
but w i l l l i e curled and qu i e t in
s itua t io ns ! "
the midday be d and let t he brus h
He was r i ght ,
When u s e d c or
break ing hunt e r pas s .
re c t ly and in i d e a l s i tuations , h i s
!'poo f of a l l t h i s was revealed
method has brought many d e e r to my
s eve ra l years ago by a s tudy c on
duc t e d at the Cus ino W i ld l i fe Ex
gun .
The be hav ior o f the wh i t e ta i l
p e r ime ntal S tat ion in M i c h i gan , in
i s c ontr o l l e d by hab it and curos ity a 1 � i ghfenc e d s q uare - mile of mixed
alm o s t to the po int of s tupid ity .
fore st . Thirty-nine d e er-seven
Like a t r i c k l e o f wat e r , the s e d e e r
buc ks , fourt e e n doe s, and e ight e e n
fo l low the pa.th o f l e a s t re sistan c e fawns -we re re leas e d there , and s ix
ge n e ra t i o n a ft e r gene rat ion u s ing
expe rienced hunt e rs were a s k e d t o
the s ame o ld t r ials , c ro s s ings ,
t ry t o locate the� . - It requ i re d
drink i ng plac e s , and ope n ings t hr
four days o f care ful s earc h i ng t o
ough barr i e r s , natural and manmad e .
s e e a s ingle buc k l · Dur ing a c on
And the y w i l l go a l l-out to inv e s t
t inu ing four-year pe r i od w it h at
leas t thirty-four d e e r w i t h in the
igat e the unus ual .
fe nc e d m i l e , t he be s t s i ghting re
T n e Ind i a n i s we l l aware o f
cord by ve t e ran stalk e rs was four
all t h i s .
By tak ing full advantage
t e e n hours to get w ithin ' shoot ing"
o f s u c h we akne s s e s , along w i th h i s
inf i n i t e pat ience and c ompl e t e know range o f any an ima l , inc lud ing fawn£
and fifty-one hours to locat e one
ledge o f the natural environment,
buck .
he is t h e mos t s u c c e s s fu l of a l l
In a s im i l iar pro j e ct in S outh
d e e r hunt e rs up in the Northe ast.
Dakota , re s earche rs attached a ra
The Ind ian hunts mostly by the o ld
d i o trans m itt e r to a buc k s o that
ada ge that "e v e ryt h ing come s to he
t hey might follow h is movement s ,
who wa i t s , " but , e x c e pt during the
and eve n t i e d bri ght-orange s t re am
day- l ong act iv ity of the rut t i ng
e rs through h i s e ar tags to help
s &as on , h i s v i g i l s are kept on ly in
the hunt e rs s e e h i m . The e x p e r i the e arly mor ing and whe n the day
� me ntal buck wa s then re l e as e d in
is o l d .
A no c t urnal animal, t he ·
the S l im But t e s are a .
Five s eas on•
d e e r s le e ps curled in c o n i fe rous
ed hunte rs fa i le d to f ind even a
t h i cke t s be twe e n s uc h pe r iods , e s
t rac e of the animal in s e v e n days
pe c ia l ly o n t ho s e days o f s evere
of cautious pr ow ling .
c o ld , ra in , s nows t orms , and high
T hre e ot t h e hunt e rs were then
w ind
e s e nt int o t he e xact area whe re the
S ylve s t e r Franc is saids . "�her
rad i o beams s h owe d t he buck t o be
are two s t r ik e s on the hunt e r who
l o c a t e d . A care ful bush-t o-ilow
i e s to c at c h d e e r napping -who
tr
d owns earch s e a rc h from dawn to d u s k
s at
tak e s fas t and d if fic u l t shot
fa i le d to pro d u c e the s ight or s ou�(
And whe n in Ma ine ' s
flying flags . N
o f the t e s t d e e r .
All fiv e hunt e rs
ous region one day we
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vas t N icat
upon t wo d e e r , one a bad ly
wound e d d o e and dying , and lat e r
came
went
int o act i on the ne xt day with
( c ont inued on next page )
14
c o nt . from page 1 3 . )
( How I nd i a.n s
t h e rad i o- b e am i ng h im i n pre c i s e ly.
But eve n then t he d e c orat e d buck
was n ' t l o c at e d unt i l the s e ar c h e rs
we re c o m i n g out in the e ve n in g , and
one o f t h e m nearly s t umb l e d ov e r
h im c u r l e d t i ght und e r � bru s h h e a p .
T he I nd ians a l s o ins i s t , and
have many t ime s d e mons trat e d t o my
pope y e d ama z e m e nt , t hat wall ing i s
much more s u c c e s s fu l i f t he hunt e r
t ak e s advant age f o t h e d e e r ' s f i e r c e
c u r i o s i t y and ins t e ad o f pus s y f o o t
i ng , c ra s he s s w i f t ly al ong through
Appare nt ly c onv inc e d
the b rus h .
t�a t it i s n o t be ing s talk e d b y man
or natural pre d at or , it o ft e n wa i t s
o r c i rc l e s qu i e t ly ba ck t o ge t a
l o ok at t he a.pproac h i ng no i s e make r .
T h e r e qu i r e m e nt s for s uc c e s s are
fas t e ye s and a fas t gun .
T h i s bru s h - c ras h i ng , l e a f- ra t
t l ing , twig- E?a p p ing pro c e dure , I
have l e arne d ove r t he y e ars , v e ry
o ft e n pro•uc e s d e e r for hunt e rs d ur
i ng p e r i o ds of s ev e re drought whe n
t he w o o d s a re e x treme ly br i tt l e .
Wh i l e o n a j aunt f o r d e e r i n
N ew B ru ns w i c k , a v e ry o ld M i cmac
c a l l e d o nly " Old I z aak " d em o n s t rat
e d c o nv i n� i ngl y what a pus h o v e r t h e
wh i t e t a i l i s for t h e unus ua l .
Old
I z aak had a .. ca l l " he had mad e and
H i dd e n in a c e da r t h i c k
swore by .
� t . we l o o k e d d own a we l l-worn run
way tw i s t ing out o f a d e ns e s pruc e
My Ind ian fr i e nd ra i s e d t h e
swamp .
c a l l t o h i s w i t h e r e d l i ps .
He bre at h e d e a s i ly i n t o the
l it t l e i n s t rume nt a nd a s o ft pla i n
t iv e c ry s ound e d t hrough t h e fo re&
Aga i n and a ga in at 1 0-minut e int e r
And f i na l ly ,
vals he s ound e d i t .
w i t h in a hal f h o u r , a v e ry large
and i n qu i s i t iv e d o e w i t h t w o fat
fawns c ame fn>m the s wamp- - e ye s bul.
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ging l ik e har d - b o i l e d e ggs , ne c k s
O l d I z aak ' s b o ny
out s t r e t c he d .
brown hand pus h e d d own my r i fle .
We l e t t h e m pas s .
C a l l i ng a ga i n
and wa i t i ng l o ng , w e s ud d e n ly s aw
a f ine b u c k b o unc e from t he s wamp ,
paw fur
run a l it t l e h a l f c irc l e
i ou s ly , t h e n w it h l e gs s raw l e d and
ne c k e x t e nd e d , s tare f i e rc e ly i nt o
H e was c l o s e and t he
our l o c at i on .
c h e s t s ho t was e as y .
·
p
T h e I nd ian s a i d t he l i t t le
c a l l e r had br o u gh t many d e e r t o
h i s gun , and in nor t h e r n Que b�
it s urpr i s e d h im by als o att ract
Whe n I le ft
ing fox e s and w o lve s .
for h ome
he mad e me a pre s e nt o f
I s t i l l u s e i t and it s t i l l
it .
produc e s d e e r for me and m y white
hu nt e r f r i e n d s .
T h i s c a l l , �r c a l l e r , i s a s im
Anyb ody can make
ple arran gem e nt .
I c ons i s t s o f two - J!- inch
one .
p i e c e s of wh i t e c e dar , ! - in c h wide ,
b o t h s have d d own t o a i t- inch l o ng
o p e n i ng in the c e nt e r . A p i e c e o f
t - in c h e l a s t i c i s s t re t c he d t i ght
b e twe e n the p i e c e s o f wood , the
e nd s of wh i c h are gro oved a b it
f o r s t out thre ad wh i c h b ind s them
t ight ly t og e t he r .
I have· u s e d t h i s ama z i ng l i ttle
gad ge t on many o c c a s i o n s o� r the
ye ars , c a l l i ng in nume rous d e e r ,
as we l l as re d fox e s , a few bob
c at s
arld
c rows ,
otter ,
and nume rous
The s o und
gray and red aqu i rre l s .
it mad e s is unl ik e anyt h ing I have
Pr o p e rl y us e d , it i s
e v e r h e a rd .
far and away the be s t at t ra c t or o f
t h e wh i t e t a i l d e e r I have e v e r
Ev e n bet t e r t h an Ne e dahbe h '
known .
�ad d l e - d ragging t r i c k
. ( C ont inu e d in next mont h ' s i s sue . )
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PEN OBS C OT LANGUAGE LES S ONS
W ig-wum
Kah-gunn
Dow- s ah-gunn
Dow-bo o d i
Dow-e pp-pood i
S upp-ka - d e h
Wau l-ah-d e h
M i t - s o o -d i
Nus - s ah-quak
Em-qun
Wah - ba - k o o s
Dum-he :.gunn
T�·b i
Bah-qah
Gul-ah-bab i
Muc k- k e e -kun
A h-gwe -dun
Tah-haw-gun
Lodge
Door
Wind ow
C ha i r
Tab l e
S t ov e
Dish
Fork
Kni fe
S po on
Pa i l
Ax e
Bow
Arrow
R o pe
F i s.h hook
Canoe
P ad d i e
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�----- · -
-
· -- - �
A V IEW T OWARDS IND IAN ISLAND
··
It i s
pr i s t ine
appar e nt ly
across
t he gre e n bridge
on a c o o l day
in spr ing .
The Churc h s
S t , Anne ' s ,
lo oks a part o f i t , . ,
a t oy v illage
and a good p lac e ,
Cro s s i ng
change s t hat ,
The s t re e t s w ind in agony ,
and a s c re am
o f shame ,
our . s hame ,
i s eve rywhe re .
I cannot go
as a t ouris t ,
Eve n the t re e s ask me ,
' Why have you c ome ?
What c an you d o for us ? '
Wooden c ro s s e s
s e t crooked
i n the graveyard
re j e c t me .
I go back qu i ck ly ,
but I c annot forge t ,
I !!!!! t he �trange r he re ,
and I l ive on s t o le n gro und .
*
S ubm i t t e d by 1
T he od ore Ens l in
( From The Aro o s t o o k Ind ian , May 19 7 1 )
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WEDD INGS
Just in Lo la , Pas samaquoddy ,
and Caro l Dana , Pe nobs c ot were
marri e d by Chi e f· J ohn S t e � ens ,
at Pet e r Dana Po int on May 22 •
1 9? 1 .
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Mart in A . Nept une , Penobs cot
and Kathy Fearon , we re married
May 1, 1 9 ?1 , on Ind ian Is land ,
by Ke nne th Th omps on , Jus t ic e o f
Peac e .
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N ORTH AMER ICAN T RA D IT I ONAL
UN ITY C ONVEN T I ON
The N orth Ame r ican t rad it i on
al un ity c onve nt i on me t at T o b iq
N . B . , Cana da , at Ma l i s e e t Re s e rv �
on the las t thre e days i n May .
A Unity Caravan w i l l fol low in
July .
The Purp o s e o f the oo nve nt ior
i s to he lp unite the N � rt h Ame r
ican Pe ople . The thr� • day c on
vent i on is to bring t o ths d e le
gat e s an und e rs t and ing o f t he
nat ive re s pons ib i l it i e s t o the
T op i c s we re d is cus s e d for�
Lnad .
mal ly and informal ly �n how the s
re s pons ib i l it i e s w e re wre s t e d a
way from the nat ive pe•pl e ove r
t h e c e ntur i e s . How t o rega in t h
dut ie s , the way o f l i fe , e t c .
were d i s cus s e d .
" Th e land is not ours t o d o
w ith as we w i l l s we h 9 l d it in
trus t for our unbo rn c h i ldren . "
A c lo s e r aware ne s s o f t r ibal
proble ms , an ident ity � f brothe r
h o od , an image o f Ind ianne s s , ar.
a unity o f fe e l ing we � the mark•
o f the gathe ring .
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16
IAND OF FOUR D I REC T I ON S
by
FRED E R I C K J OHN PRAT S ON
as t h e y pre f.e r t o be c a l l e d , t o
t oday ' s world .
" LAND OF THE FOU R D I RECT I ONS
i s a me s s age from _ t h e Ind ian peoT h e c onc e pt for t h i s book evo lv e d
p l e wh i c h s ays ' Lo o k at m e
I am
an I nd i an and damn we l l proud o f
wh 7 n , on r e t u�f'.l i ng h ome , I found my
i t . ' " - A ndrew · N i ch o las , J r . , Ex
fr i e nd s unab le t o c ompre h e nd t h e
l i fe o f an I nd ian or t he fac t t hat
e c ut ive D i re c t or , Un i on o f N e w
many I n d ians l ive in nearby Ma i n e
Brunsw i c k I nd ians .
and N ew Brunsw i c k ,
T h i s l e d t o my
Fre d e r i c k J ohn Prat s on not only
c onc lus i o n t hat no amount of ve rb i has capture d a c and id g l imps e o f
age c ou ld t ru ly pre s e nt t he I nd ian
the Ind ian i n text and phot o , but
and h i s c ond i t i ons .
Ins t e ad t h e I n- has p l e d ge d ha l f h i s rayalt i e s t o
T . R . I . B . E . , Inc . , a n e x pe r imental
d i an mus t s h ow h ims e l f , h i s c ommuni t y , and h i s way of l i fe thr� ugh
s �h o o l in Bar Harb o r , Ma ine , for
p i c t ure s .
T h e word s must c ompleme nt , T e ach ing and R e s e arc h in B i -Cu lturbut n o t d e t rac t from , t h e phot oal Ed u c at i on .
graph i c e x pe r i e nc e .
Mr . Prat s on is a fre e lanc e photoI f t h i s book g ive s the non- Ind i an graph e r who l ive s i n N o rth S c i tuate ,
a d e e pe r und e rs t and ing o f h i s I nd i an Mas s . , w i th h i s w i fe , Pat r i c ia , and
ne i ghbo rs it w i l l have a c h i ev e d it s
H i s prev i ous
the i r four c h i ldre n .
goal . '
work : inc lud e s c ont r i but i ons t o varS o Fre d e r i c k J ohn Prat s on ex pla i ns i o us magaz i n e s and ph o t o graph i c
c re d i t for T h e G e o l ogy o f A cad ia
t h e ge ne s i s o f LAND OF FOU R D I RECT I ONS , wh i c h was publ i s h e d on NovemNat i ona l Park ( C hatham ) .
be r J , 1 97 0 , ( $7 , 9 5 ) by t h e C hat ham
( V i k ing Pre s s , I nc . , 6 25 MadPr e s s , I nc , 1 d i s t r ibut e d by V i k i ng ,
i s on Avenu e , N e w York , N . Y . 1 0 022,
.
w i t h i nt roduc t i ons by J o hn S t evens
2 1 2 P la z a 5-43 3 0 ) Mr . Prat
te l
and A nd re w N i c h o las ( 12 8 page s w i t h
s o n and t h e two Ind ian C h i e fs are
ava i la b l e for rad i o and t e l ev i s ion
ove r 1 0 0 pho t o graph s ) .
"LAND' OF FOU R D IRECT I ONS i s a d o c - appearanc e s �
C o ntact Jame e Tuc ker .
illn e ntary e x pe r i e nc e amo ng t he Pas s amaquod d y , Mal i s e e t , and M i cmac t r*
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i b e s o f Ma ine and N ew B runsw i c k .
S KETCHES OF OLD T OWN
It -i s e nd ors e d ·b y t h e I nd i ans t h e m
. by
. s e lve s , a rare h o no r for a wh i t e
· . ma:n ' s work
DAV ID N ORT ON , E s q .
Ch l e f Pe t e r Bar l ow , o f t he C anaS ome t ime in the lat t e r part o f
. d ian I nd ian I s land · R e s e rvat i on , b e .
l ie v e s t hat v e ry few me n are a-s s e r- t h e e i ght"e e nt h ' c e rit ury ,' .j ohn Marsh
appe are d h e re , or , as s ome author
i ou s about the I nd ians as Fre d e r i c k
i t i e s s ay , i n 1 77q, and· mad e a s e�
Prat s on .
" V e ry few wh i t e me n have
t l ement at t h e foo t o f Mars h I s land ,
be e n abl e t o .. � c apture t h e I nd ian way
. o f l i fe · and t hought as i t i s t od ay
and l ive d for s ome ye ars in int im·
at� and , fri � nd ly re lat i ons w i th t he
und e rs t and i ng and know le dge o f
my pe o p l e and I t h i nk t h i s i s won� . . . �nd i ans , l e arn ing t h e i r language ,
ariP fre qu e nt ly act i ng as an int e rd e r fu l . "
H i s deportme nt
pre t e r for t he m .
H e r� are t h e i r h om e s , t h e i r c h i was s u c h as t o w in the i r · unbound ed
l d re n , t h e i r pa i n , · and the·i r c e l e bT orn b e twe e n a proud anc e s - c on f i d e nc e , and for favors ·be s t owed ,
rat i on .
and s e rv i c e s r e nd e re d t o them , they
t ra l he r i t age and t h e s harp aware P
pro p o s e d t o make h i� a l ibe ra l c om
f t h e i r s·e c ond-c las s · c i t i z e nne s s o
s h i p , · t h e y are ang e r e d by broke n pro-pe n s at i on , and a ff i x e d the i r marks
t o · an i n s t rume nt , wh i c h was re pre
Po s t m i s e s and o bs o le t e : 'po l i c i e s
s ent e d t o t h e m as be i ng a · pe t it i on
e rs · ·o f G e r o n imo � t·he s e i z ure o f A lt o t h e Ge ne ra l C ourt o f Mas sachu
c a t raz , t h e pro l i fe rat i on o f Ind ian
Powe r e m b l e ms s igni fy a n e w m i l i tan- s e t t s , t o grant t o Mars h , a lot o f
cy , c o nne c t ing " T h e Pe ople " , · as t h e y land upon t h i s i s land - but whe n
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c ont . )
( SK ET CH ES
the d o c ume nt re a c h e d i t s d e s t ina
t i on , i t was a s c e rt a i n e d t o be a
pe t it i o n i n the f o rm o f a d e e d , for
the grant of t he wh o le of the i s
land . - I n c ornp l i anc e ' w it h · the t e rms
o f the pe t it i on , t he S t at e made the
grant , and from that t ime forth the
is land has o bt a i ne d , and s t i l l b e ars
the iname of Mar s h Is land .
Wh e n t h e Ind i ans d i s c ov e re d the
impo s it i on t hat had be e n prac t i c e d
upon t he , t h e y mad e a n e ffort t o b e
reve nge d u p o n Mar s h , and mad e an
at t empt upon h i s l i fe , and he was
o b l i ge d to k e e p out of t he i r way
for s ome t ime , in ord e r to avo id
the c ons e qu e n c e s o f the i r j us t in
_d ignat i o n .
But treac h e ry ; in t ime , s o one r
or lat e r , i s s ure t o me e t i t s r e
ward s
a l l o f t h i s gre at inh e r i t
anc e s o fraudu l e nt ly obt a i ne d , the
mo s t of i t s l i pp e d out of his hand s
dur ing b i s l i fe t ime , and but a small
l o t , if anyt h i ng , now rema ins in
the p o s s e s s i on of h i s d e s c e ndant s .
( Tak e n from C hap . V , pg . 1 7 , 1 8 , )
e xp e r t s and more e x p e rt Ind ians . "
But Re p . J o s e ph E . B i nne t t e , D
O ld T own , s a id Ma ine Ind ians " d on ' t
want any part " o f be ing s e at e d in
t he l e g i s lature .
If they want e d t o be s � at e d t h ey
c an run for t he l e g i s lat ur� l ike
any o t he r cand idat e , B i nne t t e and
Re p . J ame s T . Dud le y , D -Enf i e ld ,
argue d .
want t o
" But t h e y d on ' t / , be c au s e t h e y
fe e l t he y c an g e t a lo ng b e t t e r t h i s
way t han i f t h e y we re on t h e flo o r
o f the hous e , " B inne t t e d e c lare d .
R e p . J o hn Donaghy , RT Lube c ,
I f In
s po k e aga ins t the o rd e r .
d ians are g iv e n s e at i ng pr iv i l e ge s ,
he s a id , the Le g i s lat ure w o u l d be
b o und to prov i d e s pa c e for any
e th n i c group wn i c h demand e d i t .
Re p . R i c hard He we s , R-Cape E l i z
abe t h , ra i s e d t h e �ue s t i on o f c o n
s t i tut i ona l i t y .
But S t ar� ird s a i d
h e had b e e n adv i s e d b y A t ty . G� n .
Jame s s . Erw in that s e at i ng o f t h e
Ind ians w i t h o ut vot ing r i ght s can
be d one by a Hou s e ord e r .
Any c i t
i z e n can b e s o s e at e d , h e ma i nta in
ed .
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"We s hou ld d o s impl e j us t ic e
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and pas s t h i s o rd e r , " S t a rb ird s a j i
The pre s e nt Ind i an re pre s e nta
YES V OT E- -THEN N O
t ive s to t he Leg is lat ure , e le c t e d
FOR IND IA N S EAT
b y t he i r t r i be s but having n o vo t
AUGUS TA-T he Ma ine Hou s e v o t e d 6 7 - i n g powe r at t he s ta t e h o us e , are
J ohn Ba i le y o f the Pas s amaquoddy
1 57 Tue s day a ft e rn o o n i n a non-ro l l
c a l l v o t e to a l l ow Ind ian re p�e s e nt r ibe and J o hn M i t c he l l , S r . o f
tat ive s t o o c c upy a non-vot ing s e at
t h e Penobs c o t t r ibe .
i n t he H ous e , and t he n turne d around ( From Bango r D a i ly News , 5/26/71 )
And t h e n on t h e o t he r
in a r o l l c a l l v o t e 1 0 m inut e s lat e r ( Ed . N ot e :
hand the non- Ind ian m i ght d emand
and rev e rs e d t ha t d e c i s i o n .
W h e n lawmak e rs w e re forc e d to s ig- a s e at on t h e t r ibal c ounc i l . T h e
princ i p l e o f t h i s i s s u e s igni f i e s
n i fy t h e i r v ot e s on t h e e le c t ro n i c
t o t e board, t he y v o t e d 7 5 - 5 8 aga ins t a s e para t e c i t i z e ns h ip f o r the
the o rde r by R e p . s. G l e nn S t arb ird , p e o p l e who are s t i l l o c cupying t he
land o f t h e i r fat h e rs and grand=
J r . , D . K ingman , t o ame nd the Hous e
fath e rs and wh o s t i l l rema in a s e rule s pe c i fy ing who s ha l l be s e at e d
parat e nat i o n . And t he n i f r e pre i ns i de the h o u s e ra i l ing .
S t ar b i rd s a i d Ind ians had n ' t b e e n s entat i o n w e re grant e d , t h e n t axa
t i o n wou l d be s ure to f o l l ow .
H o�
s e a t e d o n the f l o o r of the Hous e i n
a n o n-vo t ing c apac i t y s inc e 1 9 51 . He e v e r our e c o n om i c s t andards me a s ure
up to t h e Ma i n e c i t i z e ns , you can
sa i d the pre s e n c e o f t h e Ind ians i s
b e s ure that our land i s pr i c e le s s .
" of imme asurabl e va lue to u s h e re
on the flo or o n any que sti o n i nvo l v- No amount o f man ey c ou l d buy the
land, f o r in c a s e o f n e e d , we c an
ing I ndians . "
.
re ly on our land f o r s us t e nanc e ,
Re p. T he odo re s . C u rt i s , J r . , RC urtis sa i d what the s h e lt e r , and s upport . )
Orono , agre e d.
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le g i slature ne e ds is "fe we r I ndian
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18
( Gr e at
c o nt . from page J . )
re s t unt i l he f ind s t h e land the
t h e s e �h ings hav e be e n · l e ft l i ke the Great S p i r i t gave unt o you .
He
empty h o rne t ' s ne s t s ha l l c ave int o
� ha l l not pas s away w i t hout f i rs t
t h e m , l ik e t h e s and 1
A nd t h e pow e r- hav i ng put h i s fo o t u p o n a l l t h e
fu l man � h� l l be no · m6re - -T h e n t h e
land s t hat hav e be e n mad e ,
t h e re
G re at S p 1 r 1 t s ha l l c a l l m e forth , t o - fore l o o k f o r h im a lways . "
ward t h e noon s .un , t o t e ach you more . ( From L I FE A ND T RAD IT I ONS , by
.
The put t ing to d e ath of t h e Gre at
J o s e ph N i c o lar . )
S p i r i t w i l l c ome t o pa s s , in a far
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o f f l and . "
CHA PT ER I I
F L A S H
F L A S H
F L. A S H
" B e c aus e I make ment i o n o f t h e
aw fu l day c om ing you mus t not mak e
The N e ws l e t t e r l e a rne d Fr i d ay , June
yours s e l f a fra i d , as the Great S p i r- 4th , that Mart in A . Ne ptune • s draft
it w i l l n o t br ing t h i s upon you , o r
c a s e h a d b e e n c ont i nue d for two
your c h i ld re n �
I t w i l l a lways be
T he c a s e has be e n
m o re months .
P l a i n t o y o u t hat your bro t h e r and
po s t pone d to d e t e rm ine whe t h e r or
you are tw o '
you are r e d , and h e
n o t Fe d e ra l mars ha l l s had t h e righ ·'
t o remove Mart i n from tho Pe nobs co ·
T h e G r e at S p ir it has e s t abwh i t e .
re s e rvat i on , in what w i l l be c a l l P
l i s he d H i s numb e r w i th you b ot h .
H i s numbe r w i t h y o u i s s ev e n , wh i l e
a j ur i s d i c t i o n hear ing , t o be he lr
w i t h your brot h e r it s ha l l be thre e , in Hart ford , C onne c t i c ut , around
t h e f i rs t Monday o f Augus t .
and b e c aus e h i s numbe rs are few , he
s ha l � l ive fas t , and pa s s away qu i c k
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ly ,
and be c au s e your numbe rs are
many you s ha l l l iv e s l ow , and l i ng
e r . a l ong wh i le be yond your b r o t h e r .
I f you w o u l d l ik e to c ont inue re
A l l th e s e bad t h i ngs w i l l c ome t o
c e iv ing t h e MA IN E IND IAN N EWS LETTER
pas s a c ro s s t h e b i g wat e r , the re fo re S END IN YOUR NAME AND ADDRES S , W ITH
A CHECK OR MONEY ORDER FOR THBEE
I mus t warn you not t o bu i ld large
D OIAA RS .
v e s s e l s t hat w i l l be ar . you a c ro s s ,
s o t h at you w i l l not hav e a hand in
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t ak ing the l i fe of t h e Gr e at S p i r i t . *
· W he n the Gr � at S p i r i t s e e s t hat you
I f you w o u l d l ik e a c o py o f t�e
o ? e y_- t h i s warn ing you w i l l e s cape
L I FE AND T RAD IT I ONS , by Jos e ph
His wrat h � · and H e w i l l s how you how
N i c o lar , s e nd in a c he c k or money
H e w i l l c abs e
much H e l ov e s you s
' your c h i ld r e n to b e b o rn in t he s ame ord e r for t hre e d o °I lars .
form i� wh i c h H e mad e the f i rs t man .
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T he re w i l l n o t be a c h i ld b o rn d e �
· forme d , ne i�h e r w i l l any be k i l l e d
by · -l i ght n ing s
t h e y shal l e s c a pe t h e I f you w o u l d l ik e t o b e · a re p o rter
f l o ods and e arthquak e s , and whe n t h e from your home , s e nd i n your news
t o t h e Ma i ne I nd i an ·News l e t t e r .
be a s t b i t e s you , y o u w i l l n o t - go
:
W e we l c ome l e t t e rs , ·news pape r art
::.. · c ra z y w i t h h im , t h ougn c ra z y h e be '
i c le s , s t o r i e s , j ik e s , e t c , from
and . whe n you c u t your hand or your
our r e ad e rs .
f o o t , your j aw s w i l l not c lo s e up
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·
,
T h e s e prom i s e s
l ik e the b e a s t s .
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s ha l l b e w it h you a s l ong a s you
k e e p yours e lv e s w i t h i n the bound s
I f you would l ik e t o know more abc
Know i ng t hat many
o f m� t e ac h ing .
t h e Un i ty Carava n , wh i c h s tarts
t e mpt a t i ons w i l l c ome to you--you
s ha l l be c ome w e ak i n m ind , and s ha l l o n J u ly J , 1 971 a t Onondaga ( S yra·
want t o be l i e v e s om e o t he r t ea c h ings , c us e ) N . y . , read t h e AKWESAS NE N O�
·
For t h o s e o f t he N e ws l e t t e r: re acrel'r
i t i s we 11 f o r me t o s ay t o you ,
who r e c e ive d a c o py in t h e ma i l ,
t hat t he wh i t e man w i ll fe e l i t as
t he e d i t o r s e nt your addre s s s o tha
a duty t o h is c h i ld r e n t o s e e k new
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s for t h e M , and t hat he w i l l n o t you c ou l d re c e ive a c opy .
land
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G las s 'ba l l· hung
n e c k la c e .
$J . 5 0
e a c h . from Ma i n e I nd i a n N e w s l e t t e r .
10 c e nt s per w o o � fo r o n e t im e �
. ·8�c e nt s-· p e r -· w o rd , t w o t o f i v e t ime s .
6 c e nt s p e r w o rd 6 t im e s or m o r e .
. F a s c- i n o. t
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I N D IAN MA D E MU K- LUK S
ing
-
lea ther,
from
A l l a d s mu s t be pa i d fo r in advanc e s
numb e r s , i n i t i a l s , a nd abbr e v i a t i o n s
c ount a s w o rd s .
M i n imum ra t e $1 . 0 0 p e r a d p e r m o nt h .
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PENDAN T
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IND IAN
MA I - E
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C OL ORIN G B O OK
No .
1
A 2 0 pag e c o l o r i ng b o o k o f u '·
p i c t u r e s w i t h c a pt i o ns d e p i c t i n g
l i f e o f t h e N o rt h e a s t I n d i an s .
i nc lu d e s ma i l i ng .
$1 . 0 0
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$ J O . O O , Y o ung c h i l d r e n ' s * * * * * * * * * * *
s izes
S e nd i n Fo o t m e a s u re
$1 5 . 0 0 .
T H I S S PA C E R E S E RV ED FOR Y OU R AD .
m e n t s w i t h c h e c k o r m o n e y o rd e r t o
Ma i n e I nd i a n N e ws l e t t e r .
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M OCCAS I N S
- fo r i n fa nt s o n ly
$ 5 . 0 0 p e r pa i r . Hand ma d e . S e n d
c h e c k o r m o n e y o rd e r t o � a i n e I nd i a n
N ews l e tt e r .
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'I w o u l d
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l ik e
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t b e MA IN E
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Hand
$1 . 0 0
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HEADBANDS
- ( street-or P . o . Box)
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p
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Subs c r i pt i o n r at e s 1
R e gu la r
C o n t r i bu t ing
S u ppo rt i ng
L i fe t im e
S i ng l e
DA T E
is sue s
AMOUNT
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IN D IA N N EWS LET T E R :
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$J . O O
5 . 00
10 . 00
5 0 . 00
I ND IAN N EWS LET T E R
P . O . Box 553
04468
Ma i n e
T ow n ,
I N D IAN N EW S LET T E R mak e s
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MA IN E
A s ubs c r i pt i on t o the
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3 5¢
Old
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bra i d e d l e a t h e r h e ad ba nd s .
e a c h - Ma i n e I n d i a n N e ws l e t J,
N AM E_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _T R I B E_ A DDRES S
*
Hav e y o u s om e t h i ng t o s e l l ?
S e nd i n y o u r a d t h i s w e e k fo r
n e x t m o nt h s a d �ert i s sm e nt in t h e
M a i n e I nd i an· N e ws l e-t t e r .
*
L I FE AND T RAD I T I ON S OF THE RED MAN
by J o s e ph N i c o l a r , j u s t $ J . O O from
t h e Ma i n e I nd i a n N e w s l e t t e r .
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a f i n e gi ft .
�
MA IN E IND IAN NEWS LET T E R
P . O . Box 55 3
C4 4 6 8
O l n T own , Ma ine
�
BULK
U .S .
RA T E
P OS TA G E
P A I D
Old T o wn , Ma ine
P0 .Y.m i t N o . 13
- � Y Co l l e g e I i b rc
ry
l t- y C o 2. l
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: e r v i l le , l'v!a i ne 04 901
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