15 10 189 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/d5631fe13cf786bbd1add715b4e06ad5.pdf 98b265b6793833a69dc60a48d4053810 PDF Text Text Non-profit org. U Postage .S. Paid 2.4' Orono, Maine Permit No. 15 Wabanaki Alliance June 1978 Claims settlement bill drafted Tribes may sue state July 1 Who wouldn’t be smiling with lovely girls on either side? Passamaquoddy Gov. Francis I. Nicholas of Pleasant Point holds his daughters, Starr, left, and Jill, aloft. Nicholas has aec?jfed not to seel reetectios this fail, after sen lag two, two-year terms. Terms will be four years long starting Oct. 1. Also not running for reelection are Governors John Stevens, Indian Township Passamaquoddy reservation, and Nicholas Sapiel, Indian Island Penobscot reservation. [Cartwright Photo] _____________________________ ____ Micmacs, Maliseets lose scholarship aid By BUI O ’ Neal AUGUSTA — Micmac and Maliseet Indian students will be'denied state scholar ship aid for certain higher education urograms, as a result of recently amended legislation. The legislation, approved by the Legis lature, was introduced by Rep. Michael D. Pearson (D-Old Town), on behalf of his Penobscot Indian constituents. The effect of the re-wording in the Indian scholarship bill is to deny aid to Micmacs, Maliseets, Passamaquoddies and Penobscots. However, Penobscots and Passamaquoddies will receive S97,000 in scholarship aid under federal Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) funds. Micmac and Maliseets do not receive any BIA support. A bill to settle a portion o f the Maine Indian land claims has been prepared by the U.S. Justice Department and the tribes, but at the same time, Indians have threatened to take the state to court on another part o f the case. Although appearing contradictory, these recent actions reflect the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy strategy to bring pressure to bear on state officials, who have refused to negotiate or recognize any validity to the 12.5 million acre land claims. One tribal negotiator was not optimistic about the bill’ chances for passage. "All s indications are that with opposition o f state officials, it's going to sink," said Timothy Love, a Penobscot. If the bill fails, he said “ there is Only one course o f action: we go to court.” Love warned that the tribes could be “forced to sue the small landowners” if the $25 million settlement — the first portion o f a joint White House and Indian proposal to resolve the claims — is rejected. " I ’ sure the tribes would be willing to m consider any offer by the state at any time. We are asking the (federal) government to proceed with litigation against the state of Maine because we see no alternative,” said Thomas N. Tureen, lawyer for the tribes. In a related comment. Tureen said “ litigation may not be necessary” against 1 4 large landholders in the state, because these landowners have shown a willingness to negotiate. The essence o f the 10-page proposed Con gressional bill, a copy o f which was received by Wabanaki Alliance, is payment o f $25 million to the two tribes, in exchange for the Indians dropping small landholders as targets o f their land claims. The bill would clear all owners o f 50,000 acres or less from lawsuit. The federal payment of $25 million would be held in trust for the tribes in a special account. At presstime, no sponsors had been found for the proposed bill. Tureen, tribal negotiators, and U.S. Atty. Gen. Griffin Bell were meeting in Washington to discuss the bill. Tribes want suit against state Earlier this month. Tureen announced the tribes would seek to have the U.S. Interior Department "recommend the fed eral government proceed with litigation against the state o f Maine.” If filed, this portion o f the total claims suit would sue for $300 million and 350,000 acres o f state held land, including Baxter State Park, accord ing to the Indian negotiating committee. Tureen says the suit against the state will be set in motion July I, with a pre-trial hearing on that date or soon after, at U.S. District Court. Portland. Meanwhile, talks continue with lawyer Carl Perkins o f Portland, who represents nine o f the large timberland owners. Tureen refused to discuss those talks, but sources say progress has been made. The pulp and (Continued on page 6) Micmacs and Maliseets have been left without any compensating funds to fill the gap. Although Maine Indians may still attend state land grant institutions tuitionfree, according to Nicholas Dow of Maine Indian Scholarship Committee, these insti tutions do not cover expenses such as offcampus room and board, nor the cost of books, transportation or other school relat ed expenses covered by scholarship aid in the past. Also, funds are no longer available fot Indian students wishing to attend private colleges in Maine. Edward DiCenso, Director o f Maine Indian Education, said there "was no question but what the appropriations com mittee (of the state legislature) knew the im(Continued on page 4) Future bright for alcoholism agency ORONO — Despite a 45.4 per cent cut in annual funding, the director of Wabanaki Corporation alcoholism services sees an expanding program in the coming year. George M. Mitchell, executive director of Wabanaki Corp., said funds were cut to S 139,996 by federal sources, although he had proposed a budget o f close to 51 million for the next three years. However, Mitchell said because of increased state funding, he hopes to expand his alcoholism counseling staff from five to nine or 10 persons. Mitchell is seeking to establish another counselor at Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy reservation, a new position in Aroostook County, and another staff position in the Orono area. Also, Mitchell wants to see an alcoholism counselor for Indians at Eastern Maine Medical Center’ detoxification and s rehabilitation unit in Bangor. The funding cutback was the result of Congress failing to approve monies for National Institute on Alcohol and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA). But increased funding came from the state Office o f Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, and Title 20 federal funds, Mitchell said. This boosts his annual budget to more than $200,000, and programs will remain “intact,” he said. The budget cuts meant a layoff recently for Wabanaki Corp. employees Debbie Brooks, community educator, and Jessie MacGregor, Wilderness Pursuits staff. Bishop Edward C. O ’ Leary of Portland, right, congratulate* Brother Lawrence Smith, at the occasion of Brother Smith’s recent ordination as a deacon at St. Ann’ Pariah, Pleasant s Point Passamaquoddy reservation. See story and more photos on inside pages. �Page 2 WabanM Alliance June 1978 Self-determination: To be or not to be editorials Micmacs and M aliseets: Part 2 Awhile ago we raised a lot of ire by stating that Micmacs and Maliseets are lost in the land claims shuffle — because they have no existing reservations in Maine, no federal Indian benefits, and no prospects of winning back ancestral lands. We stick by that assertion. The 1,500 members of the Association of Aroostook Indians (Micmacs and Maliseets) are getting a bum deal, compared to the Passamaquoddies and Penobscots, who are most of Maine’ other Indian population. s The Penobscots and Passamaquoddies have jointly laid claim to 12.5 million acres plus $25 billion damages against the state of Maine. While the two tribes are unlikely to win any large percentage of that total claim, they apparently have a strong case for winning something substantial. Also, Penobscots and Passamaquoddies, as of last year, became federally recognized tribes, making them eligible for several million dollars in aid from the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Already the money is pouring in, for Penobscots and Passamaquoddies. One hopeful note was sounded by Susan M. Stevens, who is working with Aroostook Indians in a reorganization effort. She is the wife of Passamaquoddy tribal Gov. John Stevens, and she said the tribe has considered providing Micmacs and Maliseets with some sort of land base. Finally — and this is an outlandish proposal — there is bankrupt Ricker College, with a vacant campus in Houlton. Nobody has yet seriously suggested Ricker’ lands and buildings could be used by s Aroostook Indians, but why not. A Micmac and Maliseet campus could provide a source of education, jobs, pride and a passle of social services. Houlton is a logical site for an Aroostook Indian Center. The association is already based at an older residence in that town. But headquarters are cramped and resources limited, although the premises are pleasantly decorated. Perhaps Ricker, with a new name and an Indian role, could provide some of the education benefits denied Aroostook Indians in recent scholarship money legislation. The possibilities are numerous and exciting. We may raise some ire again, with this editorial. What we really want to raise is consciousness. The Bureau of Indian Affairs is loudly touting its current efforts at giving American Indians self-determination. Instances still exist where this is obviously not happening, such as the Penobscots’ receiving ten BIA vans to service their islands, when they repeatedly requested boats. However, compared to past BIA treatment, American Indians are playing a greater role in managing their affairs. Running BIA-funded programs certainly is a move toward limited self-determination, especially compared to past dependency forced on Indians by a society which tore their lands and culture from them and left them with nothing but memories. Still, it is far from the freedom enjoyed by earlier generations, even after the influx of white settlers. When Indians were crushed under the westward push of white civilization, they were dependent only on the land which nourished their bodies and the culture which sustained their spirit. As they emerge from centuries of brain-washing, or white-washing, the land upon which they used to depend is much changed, almost as much as they themselves. They are twentieth century Indians, living in a land which does not encourage the economies of the old ways. Like many people living in a world which sacrifices tradition for speed, and quality for quantity, Indians are being torn between the past and future, leaving a present filled with conflict. This is seen by the division on the reservations between traditionalists, practicing ancient rites and knowing the peace of satisfying their cultural needs, and the tribal administrators, which deal with the harsher mysteries of writing grants which satisfy the angular minds of bureaucrats and delving into the secrets of law in pressing the land claims suit. The traditionalists keep a vigil on the spiritual values of the past, while the administrators concern themselves with physical needs of the present; yet neither of these alone provides answers for the future. Somewhere down the road economic self-reliance must come to the tribes, if they are truly to control their lives, and self-determination is to be more than just a word bandied by bureaucrats. The present outlay of government money to the tribe is necessary, but can at best be a stop gap measure, for it creates nothing on the reservations which is self-sustaining. It’ analogous to the s government giving the tribes firewood each year to be burned up each winter, rather than giving them seedlings as well so that some day they can provide their own firewood. Many people have said the money being poured onto the reserva tions has had a divisive effect, destroying the spirit o f sharing which existed when people had very little to share. No one can predict with certainty the effect future economic problems will have on traditions on the reservations. Hopefully, as tribal members achieve self-determination and independence, there will be a return o f something to the reservations which has been dying faster than the traditions — the sense of community, which everyone seems to remember, but rarely experiences, anymore. — B ill O ’ e a l N Wabanaki Alliance, Maine’ only Indian newspaper, is alive and s growing stronger. But there are some depressing moments. One year ago, this editor showed up at a tribal meeting at Indian Island. He walked into the community building, took a seat, and proceeded to listen to the goings-on. But after a short time, certain individuals insisted he be removed from the meeting, so he uncere moniously left the building. No story there. The other night the editor showed up at a tribal meeting at Indian Island. The doors to the entire community building were locked. A person inside would not even unlock the doors to say “no admittance.” No story there. We don’ seek sympathy. A reporter must be thick-skinned t enough to take a few on the chin. But we’ concerned that Indian re persons are not hearing about important matters. Sometimes our readers complain that we leave things out. Sometimes it’ not our choice. s Wabanaki Alliance Vol. 2, No. 6 Jane 1978 Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Steven Cartwright, Editor William O ’ Neal, Ass’ Editor t. DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree [chairman] John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator Albert Dana Timothy Love, CAP director Jeannette Neptune, Youth Commissioner Erlene Paul, Central Maine Indian Assn. Roy Paul, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Maynard Polchies, president, Aroostook Indians Michael Ranco Indian Island Pleasant Point Indian Township Indian Island Indian Township Indian Island Houlton Houlton DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri butions are deductible for income tax purposes. �Wabanaki Alliance Jose 1978 Page3 letters Religion in s ch o o l s Indian Island To the editor: The issue of religious instruction at the Indian Island school has to be clarified. But first, I would like to express my thanks to the D1S board and Diocesan Human Relations Services for providing the re sources and guidance to make possible the Wabanaki Alliance. The Wabanaki people need a forum for the sharing o f information, ideas, and opinions. I would also like to commend you and your staff for the excel lent work you've done in developing such a good quality newspaper. 1 continue to hear statements such as “Sisters of Mercy have worked in reserva tion schools for 100 years and people want it that way." (This particular statement made by Irene Pardilla in the Wabanaki Alliance May 1978 issue.) It makes one wonder if some of these people have trouble reading, (poor eyesight, etc.) a lack o f intelligence, or are deliberately distorting this issue for some self-serving reason, (political, finan cial, etc.) Not once was the “fact o f nuns teaching in the school” questioned. The only issue I raised was the practice of religious instruction in the school, period. My objection to this practice is that it segregates children not of the Catholic faith from their classmates, as they have to go to the gym. at the request of their parents, during religious activities. Children have to deal with discrimination in the Old Town school system. They shouldn’t have to in their own system. This year there were eight children in the gym during religious instruction. Next year there will be 12 or more. The following year... Moral guidance and religious instruction is the responsibility o f every parent until the child gains maturity enough to make his own decision. It belongs in the home or their respective place o f worship, not in a public school serving children of differing beliefs. The reason I wrote to the Attorney Gen eral’s office for a legal opinion on this issue is that the Indian Island school board has continually ignored requests by the parents to cease religious instruction in the school. They defended their stand by stating that it was legal. I brought the issue to the May and June school board meeting. They decided to ignore the opinion and continue religious instruction in the school. Hence, my formal letter o f complaint to the Attorney General dated June 2, 1978. I am disappointed in the school board's insensitivity to this form o f discrimination. Although, I realize that this form of discrimination has always been perpetrated on Indian Island. People who have lived on the Island will know what I am talking about. Whether based on race or religious beliefs, discrimination is discrimination. Furthermore, anyone who will cry racial discrimination on one hand and on the other hand condone and perpetuate other forms of discrimination (religious, etc.) are nothing more than self-righteous hypocrites. In closing, one wonders what our grand fathers in the spirit world (guardians o f the traditional Penobscot way o f life) must have thought about Irene Pardilla’ statement s ""Catholic involvement is a tradition.” Martin A. Neptune I T S A B O U T TIME Y O U S H O W E D U P , M O L E -E Y E !... 1S E N T Y O U O U T W EEK S A G O T O SPY O N T H E — ______IN D IA N S ! - Indian identity Olympia, Washington To the editor: Words so often fail to express true feelings whereas right actions taken in the interest of true justice for, and survival of Native American peoples requires a faith and courage that won’ quit in the face of t any opposition. It should and will grow stronger, encouraging others to stand. By validating their existence with selfdetermination and the understanding and the wisdom won from a long struggle to exist, Native Americans can be who they are, with pride. As more are doing this, the real dichotomy that exists in values and the beliefs of Native Americans and the rest of the people will become increasingly ap parent. The need for change certainly has been long indicated. However, it is safe to assume that people must struggle for growth within themselves to become valid to themselves and by their own self-acceptance encourage others to do likewise. Perhaps this would help pave the way for more mutual acceptance and respect for the cultures of others and their ways o f life. Victimizing and oppressing people for years, projecting all manner o f negativistic thinking on them and finally blaming the victim(s) for a large share o f the social ills, certainly is a social and spiritual malady of considerable proportion. And yet, when a people begins to rise to the Truth and throws off the role cast on them by any oppressor, who by virtue of numbers, “politics,” a little “knowledge” (which can be dangerous), material wealth (which is not lasting) and anything else that gives them a fleeting feeling o f power, they (Native Americans) are gaining by the virute o f their struggle and determination to stand and be who they are. real power. We can suppose also, that reality can be threatening to anyone who is grasping the reins o f a “power" that denies equivalency for all people and can only be maintained as long as someone or some people are denied something. Native American people are beginning to shed light for themselves which can and will grow brighter and God Willing, will illumine a pathway, not only for themselves, but for others to follow as the forces of darkness resistant to change gather. As Chief Joseph once said “ I w-ill fight no more forever.” If this could be called a battle, it is one of another order and on a different plain. This progress also is of another nature — it is not A Pilgrim's Progress. It just is! Our prayers, thoughts and feelings go out to you Native Americans in Maine and everywhere. Continue to be who you are and stand firm in your faith, convictions and actions. Be as straight as an arrow. Anne Lawton Lunt Congratul ations Norman, Okla. To the editor: Congratulations on your new paper. We are always very happy to hear o f new Indian publications. Linda Poolaw NEWSWORTHY — A film crew from BBC, Great Britain’ public broadcasting system, s talks with Passamaquoddy Indian Pride director Joseph Nicholas of Pleasant Point. The crew of five spent four days in Maine working on a half hour television segment that will include traditional dancing by Indian children, filmed at Indian Totvnship. It will be broadcast in July on the BBC network. [Cartwright Photo] Remarks r esented we want is peace . . . harmony, colla boration; free from fabricating criticism. We want to establish good relationships, but To the editor: We the people of Indian Township are it's difficult and frustrating when one responding, and totally disagree with the individual hinders and obstructs, these ob comments made by Mr. Wayne Newell. jectives. Mr. Wayne Newell should stop and The topic o f that survey was Indian Land think for a few minutes about his back Claims, and not alcoholism. But what got ground. This is a poor way to gain rec Mr. Newell to wander off to talk about ognition and creditability; all he's doing is alcoholism among the Indians here on spreading animosity and resentment. Indian Township? We are infuriated and Simon Sockabasin, Fred Tomah, Noel exasperated by these inaccurate statements Gabriel, Larry Socobasin, Howard Stevens, he made in the April edition o f Wabanaki Annabel! Stevens, Esther Sockabasin, Dian alliance. He stated the deaths at Indian na Campbell, Sylvia Sockabasin, Arthur Township are 98 percent directly or indi Sapiel. Elizabeth Sapiel, Alice Lola, Patricia rectly related to alcohol. We acknowledge Sockabasin, Belinda Dorn, Aloupious there’ alcoholism here but 98 percent is Sapiel, Cindy Hood, Leo Hood, Leo Sapiel, s really preposterous, according to our recol Helen Riddell. Simon Gabriel, Andrew S. lection. All our deceased relatives were not Dana, Matthew Dana, Fredick Tomah, Jr. alcoholics. Some died of old age, heart, S e n s e of pl ace cancer and other diseases. Others were North Penobscot victims of car accidents, etc. We also wonder where did Mr. Newell get To the editor: Since I've recently decided to make Maine his percentages. There’ never been a survey s made or statistics. Mr. Newell should my home, it is important to me to be in touch with the Indian peoples here. Your practice what he preaches, he should con centrate on his five jobs he holds here on activities, thoughts, and information can Indian Township, he should terminate his help me build a “sense o f place” more than criticism about the Indian people. Mr. most publications would, for the Indian Newell indicated the people on Indian culture is a mirror o f tradition and ways as Township are living from grant to grant. old as the place itself. Rich Baker This is another of his mendacities. He’ s about the only one enjoying these grants. Indians' vi ewpoi nt He’ exposing his greed. We like to em s North Yarmouth phasize, people here at the Township work To the editor: as carpenters, woodsmen, teachers, and We are sixth graders studying the Indian numerous other occupations. Lands Claim Case. We are very interested in This individual is a cantankerous person. it and were wondering if you minded The people from outside the reservation sending us some information. We would like don’ know his character or his reputation. t to have the Indians’ point of view. Before we close this letter, we the people of Tracy Pettengill Indian Township would like to point out all Donald Maxwell 1D O N E E X A C T L Y L I K E \ / ^ Z 7o \ Y O U T O L D M E ,C O L O N E L ! ...M A D E F R IE N D S / W H AT D O \ W IT H 'E M , J O IN E D T H E 1 Y O U H A V E T R IB E , T O O K P A R T IN V T0 T _ E L L / T H E I R C U S T O M S ! • =• / \ " ' E ' / Indian Township f^ G E T O F F ' N \ O U R LAN P ly �Pag® 4 Wahanaki Alliance June 1978 Micmacs, Maliseets (Continued from page 1 ) plications of the act. We argued the amend ment would cut out the Aroostook kids.” DiCenso said the resolution excluding scholarships for four-year degree programs "was put together two days before the 550,000 appropriation bill (for Indian scholarships) was passed.” DiCenso said he called George Stevens, Indian representative to the legislature from Indian Township, and told him to "get down there (to Augusta).” Stevens came back with the impression that they "better play it cool (about the amendment) or all the funds would be cut off,” DiCenso said. At the time DiCenso also contacted Pearson and protested the re-wording. DiCenso said he talked to several sources in Augusta, pointing out the harm the amend ment would do to Micmacs and Maliseets, and was told someone wanted it that way, "they wouldn't say who,” DiCenso said. Pearson, contacted by phone, said he introduced the amendment because “the Penobscots told me that's what they wanted." According to Pearson. Ernest Goslin, Indian Representative to the state legislature from Indian Island, asked him to introduce the resolution cutting out higher education scholarships. Pearson also said the addition "expressed the spirit o f their intent,” referring to the Penobscot tribal council and governor. Goslin told Wabanaki Alliance, "W e might have discussed it. but I can't remember it. I never had anything to do with the writing of the amendment. Mike (Pearson) had been in closer contact with (Penobscot) Gov. Nicholas Sapiel than with me.” Both Sapiel and Lt. Gov. Walter Pehrson said they hadn’ seen a copy o f the bill. t One o f the main objections voiced by sup porters of the amendment asserts that Mic macs and Maliseets have sent in scholarship applications for non-Indians, since in the past, eligibility requirements for these tribes only stated the individual must have a band number. In some cases non-Indians have held band numbers. "Our main objective was to look out for the Penobscots,” Pehrson said. "I never had any intent of hurting any Indians, but if I have to choose. I'm going to choose my own tribe." he said. Sapiel and Pehrson complained of the Penobscots’ receiving far less scholarship money than other Maine tribes. According to Pehrson. Penobscots received only 59,000. out of the 565.000 allocated for scholarships three years ago. Dow said that money is now divided fairly evenly among the tribes. Each tribe has two representatives on the scholar ship committee, according to Dow. He added that the tribes had also requested that the Scholarship Committee administer the BIA scholarship funds, “so they shouldn’ complain.” t Review of Maine Indian Education records showed that for the 1976-1977 academic year, 59 per cent o f students receiving scholarship grants were Passamaquoddies, 27 per cent were Penobscots, and 14 per cent were Micmacs and Mali seets; for 1977-1978.44 per cent were Passamaquoddies, 41 per cent were Penobscot, and 15 per cent were Micmacs and Mali seets. The records showed that as o f the 1977 census, Penobscot school enrollment was 31 per cent o f the number o f students enrolled from the two Passamaquoddy reservations. No data was available for Micmacs and Maliseets. Goslin said the scholarship fund was established for Penobscots and Passamaquoddies "because we were land based. There was some question whether they (Mic macs and Maliseets) were American (U.S.) citizens,” he said, referring to the mobility of some tribal members across the U.S.Canadian border. He said some tribal members feel Mic macs and Maliseets are getting too large a share of the scholarship fund. "W e were the ones who were suffering from lack of educational funds,” he said. “I think the committee is going to have to be stricter.” Legislation in the last few years has in creasingly tightened the restrictions on eli gibility. “The way the law used to read,” Pearson said, "the Penobscots and Passamaquoddies could qualify for scholarships if their grandfather was on the census, or for Micmacs and Maliseets if they had a band number and iived in the state for five years. "Two years ago at the request o f the governor (Sapiel) and (Penobscot) tribal council, I introduced a law saying an appli cant had to be on the census or have one quarter Indian blood. Governor Sapiel testified in favor o f the law,” Pearson said. Sapiel said that the Micmacs and Maliseets also testified at that time in favor of the one quarter blood requirement "and then wrote a letter to Governor Longley objecting to it.” According to Pearson, the recent amend ment excluding scholarship applicants for four-year programs was promoted by the alleged failures of Micmacs and Maliseets to verify the bloodline o f some o f their applicants. Pearson said, "Mr. DiCenso told me the Micmacs and Maliseets sent him a list of applicants (without verifying their eligi bility). thus circumventing the one quarter blood law. If they hadn't circumvented the law, this (amendment) wouldn’ have been t necessary." Reaction to the rewording of the funding bill has been varied. Maynard Polchies, President o f the Association of Aroostook Indians, which consists of Micmacs and Maliseets, said he did not know o f the legislation. Joseph Nicholas. Chairman of the Maine Indian Scholarship Committee said he was not aware of the legislation until after it had been passed. He called the amendment, which leaves Micmacs and Maliseets with out scholarship funds for higher education, "unjust,” and said he thought Indians should have that opportunity to attend the college o f their choice and that they “ will be hurt by the fact that they can't get in on these programs." Wayne Newell, former director o f Wabnaki Bilingual Project, said. "This com munity (Indian Township) voted against that legislation." Newell said he "vigorously supports the unity o f all tribes." feeling that the more united Maine tribes are. the stronger they will all be. "With BIA money we can give stipends, rather than working on invoices." Dow said. Effect already felt The effects o f the rewording o f the state scholarship bill are already being felt in Aroostook County, according to Betty Ann Burns, educational counselor for AAI. "At least three students" have had to drop their plans to go to private universities in the state, she said. Jim Dow. educational counselor for the Caribou branch of AAI. said he has had one student cancel plans to attend Colby College, as a result o f the legislation. DiCenso said legislation may be intro duced by "som e o f the Aroostook people" or by a representative from one o f the Passa maquoddy reservations. In the meantime, he said, “We will be talking to people.” Gary Ennis, chairman of the Aroostook Indian Education Committee, said he was “appalled and surprised by the whole thing. I would assume something will be done." he said. "There should have been representa tion o f AAI people; that's the job of the political branch (of AAI).” A letter has been sent by AIE to the National Advisory Council on Indian Edu cation, Burns said. "Because o f the inequity (of the amendment), something could be done at the national level,” she said, adding. "I don’ know what.” t Jim Sappier, local representative of NACIE, said his organization is not em powered to grant money; however, he said the agency would help Micmacs and Maliseets explore other sources o f higher education funds, now that state scholarships are not available. ST. ANN’S statue seems to be keeping an eye on carpenters from the Catholic Diocese of Portland, who have been placing protective plastic over stained glass windows at the Pleasant Point church. [Cartwright Photo] Sisters of Mercy celebrate 100th anniversary INDIAN ISLAND — A party marking 100 years o f service to the Indian Island community was held for the Sisters o f Mercy this month. Sponsored by the Ladies of St. Ann’ s Sodality, the event featured a banquet, singing, and music. Sister Helen McKeough described the celebration as a great success. Sister Helen said the Sisters of Mercy, a religious congregation founded in Ireland, came to the Island in 1878 at the invitation of Bishop Healey. Mother Francis Ward, the American founder of the congregation, sent four sisters from Manchester. New Hamp shire. According to Sister Helen, the sisters were met by Chief Stockvesin Swassin and brought over to the Island by canoe. Since there was not a convent at the time. Sister Helen said. Chief Swassin gave them his wigwam until accomodations could be built. Sister Helen said the goal o f Sisters of Mercy throughout the years has been to help Penobscots adapt to changes brought by white culture. She said that now, however, the Sisters are beginning to try to emphasize Penobscot history, culture and language in the school. Space has been the greatest problem in starting up new courses in Penobscot culture and history. Sister Helen said. She said she had hopes that a new, larger school is a real possibility in the near future. Apparently life on Indian Island agrees with the Sisters o f Mercy. Sister Helen said all of the sisters have requested that they not be transferred when normal rotation time for moving to new missions comes. "I remember when I was in school, we had sisters who had worked on the reserva tion. They always said how much they loved working here. Since living and working here, I can understand what they meant," Sister Helen said. NEW STAFF — Recently hired as development director at Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy reservation is James McGrath, 45; also recently hired is planner Mary Yarmal. McGrath, a Massachusetts native, worked as a newsman for 11 years with the Providence Journal, and has worked in computer manufacturing, and consulting. Yarmal, 43, a Pleasant Point native and graduate of Shead Memorial High School, Eastport. She attended University of Connecticut, Wesleyan University, and has taught Indian history at University of Maine at Machias. [Cartwright Photo] �WabanaJd Alliance lim e 1978 PageS Indians rally at state capital AUGUSTA — With drums, chanting, and a circle of hands, participants in The Longest Walk rally symbolized their pur pose — to unite Maine Indians with others across the nation, in support of a transcon tinental walk. The Longest Walk is a cross-country march bv Indians, protesting legislation before Congress which threatens Indian land rights and sovereignty. Maine's four tribes were represented at the rally, as well as supporters from the Wampanoag, Seminole. Cree. and Narragansett tribes. Penobscots from Indian Island turned out in the greatest numbers, along with the Passamaquoddies, Maiiseets and Micmacs. A Sapiel, coordinator, and his brother, 1 Sammy Sapiel, introduced speakers, rang ing from American Indian Movement leader Vernon Bellecourt, to any tribal members wishing to address the gathering. Bellecourt, an Ojibwa, is national coor dinator for The Longest Walk. He praised Penobscots and Passamaquoddies for their land claims efforts. “We salute you for the very firm stand you have made. You are standing firm for all generations o f all Indian nations,” he said. Bellecourt explained the purpose of The Longest Walk, saying, “We are trying to stimulate the conscience of the American people.” He outlined anti-Indian bills pending in Congress, emphasizing a bill in troduced by U.S. Sen. Jack Cunningham of Washington, which would unilaterally abro gate Indian treaties and terminate Indian tribal status. “Sovereign rights are imbued by the Great Spirit and can only be ex tinguished by the Great Spirit,” Bellecourt said. Comparing anti-Indian backlash to the foreign policies o f Theodore Roosevelt, Bellecourt said, “They say ‘ nice Indian,' but carry a big stick, and that big stick is the legislation pending in Congress.” haven't seen a lawmaker that can order Thirty miles per day Bellecourt said Longest Walk marchers thunder and lightning," she said. Thomas N. Tureen, lawyer for the Penob have been averaging thirty miles a day, beginning each day with tobacco and pipe scots and Passamaquoddies, said The ceremonies and ending it with seminars, Longest Walk was relevant to Maine celebrations, or visits to historical Indian Indians, since bills such as the Cunningham bill "threaten our legal system” at a time sites. Medicine Story, a Wampanoag. attacked when Maine Indians are involved in legal the white man's disregard for nature, and questions of the land claims case. “People lack of concern for future generations. “Any are beginning to seek universal solutions,” country which relies on guns and gold for he said, referring to backlash efforts to ex tinguish claims such as those of the Maine power is spiritually bankrupt.” he said. A “blanket dance" was performed during tribes. which money was collected tor the walk. Theresa Ward Carmichael, a Micmac This dance is a traditional one to collect from Canada, asked for support in opening money for families stricken by tragedy. an office to help non-status (not federally A surprise visitor was Gov. James B. recognized) Indians who are passing through Longley. Longley strode into the circle, Portland. smiling and shaking hands with members of A Seminole folksinger named Periwinkle the audience. added her support for The Longest Walk, Greeted with a round of applause, singing a parody of Woody Guthrie's Longley took the microphone and began by famous song “This Land is Your Land." speaking of the importance of pride. “ I was The rally ended with more drumming and brought up in a household where we were chanting and another circle dance, which taught that there wasn’ anybody better included almost all o f the approximately 150 t than we are." he said. “There isn’ anyone Indians and others who had come to t that recognizes the importance of pride in participate. seif more than I do.” The Walk will stage “a major concert” Longley maintained his position on the land claims, saying, “ We must be willing to July 23, at Robert F. Kennedy Stadium, go to court. That’ why we have them. While according to Bellecourt. He said performers s we have a right to disagree, we don’t have a such as Buffy Ste. Marie, who has been a right to be disagreeable. You and I might not supporter o f the walk, Michael Murphy, always agree ... I thank you very much for Charlie Hill, and Floyd Westerman will be this appropriate peaceful expression.” he playing at the concert, plus a number ot surprise artists. The money raised will be said. Longley reasserted his opposition on used to pay for expenses created by the walk Indian sovereignty, saying, “ We must be and to help participants return to their one country, I believe. I'm doing what I homes. Bellecourt said supporters oi the walk, think is right.” A Passamaquoddy woman told of a while in Washington, will camp in wigwams nation house being planned by the young and teepees. Events are expected to con people of Pleasant Point and asked for clude July 25. Sapiel said arrangements are being coor letters of support. Sipsis. a woman from Indian Island, discussed the value of natural dinated to send representatives of Maine living. “There are no laws that feed me. 1 tribes to meet the walk in Washington. D.C. Religious leaders call on state to negotiate Sand case BANGOR — Saying “the churches have had an extremely low' profile on this con troversy,” and that it’ “time to speak up,” s Dr. Andrew P. Granneli, faculty member at Bangor Theological Seminary, urged state officials to re-open talks with Indians on settling the land claims. C-rannell and 14 other ministers repre senting both Catholic and Protestant churches, signed a statement sent to Gov. James B. Longley ancf Maine's Congressional delegation. The text says: “We beiieve that an immediate resump tion o f the Indian land-claims negotiations is in the best interests of all parties. We call upon Governor Longley and Attorney General Brennan to return to the negotiat ing table. We continue in our efforts and our prayers for a just settlement and the recon ciliation of all the peoples of Maine.” Also supporting Maine Indians and their right to pursue land claims are the United Church o f Christ's Maine conference and the Episcopal Diocese o f Maine. Longley was sharply critical of the min isters’statement. In a four page letter to the Rev. Richard Arnold of Bangor, Longley complained because he first heard o f the statement in Maine newspapers. Longley said he was “deeply concerned” that a group of clergy would make such a state ment. Longley said in his letter:. “ As teachers of God's word and representatives of various churches in Eastern Maine, I would hope you would be very sensitive not to be used by any one side on this case in order to promote a particular strategy." The Governor warned that Indians are trying to establish a “segregated society" that is “contrary to the civil rights and equal rights efforts that we in America have been striving for from our inception as a nation.” Longley in his letter accused the clergy men of being “orchestrated” to “publicly promote one particular strategy.” Longley has steadily maintained that the PenobscotPassamaquoddy land claims are groundless, and that the federal government should be responsible for settling any dispute. Indian women win scholarships LEARNING BASKETRY — Lori Stevens, left, and Karen Sabattos, seventh graders at Indian Township elementary school, display weaving skills learned from Passamaquoddy teacher Virginia Wiseman. [Cartwright Photo] ORONO — Indian Health Service has awarded Waletta M. Bear, Indian Island, and Dolly Ann Neptune, Indian Township, five-year scholarships to attend Massachusetts College of Pharmacy in Boston. Bear, a Penobscot, is a graduate of Old Town High School and Eastern Maine Vocational Technical Institute School of Nursing. Neptune graduated from Calais High School in three years as part of an accelerated program. Upon completion of her education at the College of Pharmacy, each woman is ob ligated to serve one year with 1HS for each year she received scholarship money. Bear said she was looking forward to serving an Indian community and said she would eventually return to Indian Island. Neptune, a Passamaquoddy who said she would go to medical school after her five years in Boston, hopes to serve Indian people while fulfilling her obligation with IHS, “hopefully in my own home town.” Brendon Periey, a Maliseet Indian from New Brunswick, is employed by the Young Adult Conservation Corps at Indian Town ship. Above, he displays feathers he found while cleaning up at the reservation dump. He is staying at the home of Estelle Neptune. Nutrition Notes By Natalie S. Mitchell Niacin is one of the many important B vitamins. Its main function is to break down carbohydrates in the body so that it will be used as energy. Thus protein can be utilized for building and repairing of body tissue. Niacin maintains healthy skin and tongue, normal functions of the gastroin testinal tract (G.I. tract) and maintains good mental health. Deficiency of niacin is called ‘ Pellagra. This usually occurs in a person whose diet is very low in niacin and protein. Pellagra symptoms include dermatitis (inflamed, scaly skin) especially when it is exposed to sunlight, soreness of the mouth, diarrhea, and swelling o f the tongue. There are also mental changes or central nervous system involvement which includes depression, con fusion. memory impairment, and delirium. The final stage of niacin deficiency is death. Pellagra is known as the four D's — dermatitiis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. Daily needs of niacin vary with age. However, since it is not stored in the body it ha.s to be replaced each day. Recommended for an average person is 6.6 mg per 1000 calories. Food sources of niacin are meats, poultry, fish, whole grain or enriched breads, and cereals. An interesting fact about niacin is that it has a precursor. A precursor is a sub stance that can be changed in the body into an active vitamin. For the formation of niacin, the precursor is an amino acid (breakdown of protein) called 'tryptophan.' This has to be combined with vitamin B6, thus being converted into niacin. Trypto phan is contained in complete proteins such as milk, cheese, eggs, meat, poultry and fish. Sources of B6 include meats, whole-grain cereals, soybeans, peanuts, and wheat germ. Project aims to s a v e native l a n g u a g e A recent New York Times story reports as few as two dozen people still speak Makah, an Indian language o f northern Washington state. But the language may not die: The National Endowment for the Humanities has given 590,000 to a Makah project to rescue the native tongue. The Makah tribal council recently accepted the grant in a formal ceremony at their 43-square mile reservation, across the strait from Vancou ver Island, Canada. Eventually, the tribe hopes to figure out a written native language so that it may be taught in tribal schools. �Page 6 WabaaaJd Alliance June 1978 Claims bill drafted Poetry (Continued from page 1 ) § Wounded Be How deep would you want the wound to be and yet not really show? We still carry the scars o f old and will til we die, you know— they were handed down to us but not on a silver platter; By people who suffered needlessly and didn't know what was the matter. To live in the past is difficult when the present seems the same— and it looks like the future holds in store, nothing but more blame. Where are we all going and what do we expect to gain by Rekindling old emotions that only bring us pain? Our efforts to get ahead and find ourselves today. Are quietly shelved and abandoned for the winds to blow away. We’ pick ourselves up like a phoenix ll and staunchly guard each day— Then perhaps we will call on the Great Spirit to come and show us the way. Sylvia Sopiel Indian Township Annie Mae 1saw you laugh at yourself Dressed in wigs and furs With painted nails and high heeled shoes Walking daintily on polished floors Then you took a step Few native women dare take You threw away the paint /\nd became Traditionalist instead The Great Spirit became your God The Mother Harlh your temple The Cosmos your power source Sacred Corners your direction You found the wisdom of the past Power and strength came fast And you used your body as a fort Because we could not lend support You exchanged the beliefs o f conquerors. robbers of graves For Grand Councils, the answers they gave Native people and their AIM The sovereignty they hope to regain You discarded beliefs that no longer apply You became sick, angry and even died ’ You did all three, when you died at Wounded Knee You were sick o f derogatory books Movies, racists’dirty looks Museum displays o f our ancestors' bones The media and their condescending tones You were angry at job discrimination Castration o f native men Plight of native women Before you were shot by an assassin Sometimes at pow-wow or potlash Someone asks "D o you know Annie Mae Awuash? I nod affirmative and we embrace Remembering your pretty face The tears are gone, now is time for action Go to the elders, teach children, dance at unity conventions But mostly listen to each other The words o f each sister and brother. Isabelle K. Toney Indian Indian — la m — Indian — I have always been — Indian — I will always be — Whether it be — one fourth — half or full it’ still Indian to me — s Indian — I’ always be ll Diane Newell Wilson Graduation (For My Daughter) As 1sit here waiting and watching I can’ t help feeling my heart full o f joy; Tonight we have Accomplished Something And when I see old Glory blowing, behind a sky of blue, makes me feel kind o f proud too. Now the children are marching in. I see mine. And I feel ten feet tall a tear falls down my face. Oh! What a beautiful night this is to remember Cameras Flashing! People Clapping! Oh! What a beautiful night My Daughter Will Remember. paper company owners have said they would consider selling land, and an offer of 54,000 8 acres was reportedly made, but refused by X the tribal negotiating team. Off-reservation suits Filed 8 Tureen has discounted two suits filed in K U S. District Court, Bangor, on behalf of M 747 off-reservation Penobscots. The suits v together seek a total of S300 million. X Tureen said the suits "have no legal X standing whatsoever . . . these very same q people tried to intervene in the main case in District Court (Portland) and Judge § (Edward T.) Gignoux refused to give them a V hearing." he said. 8 The suits identify Frederick Meader. a representing off-reservation Passamaquodq dies, and Ralph Thomas, for the Penobscots 8 not living at Indian Island reservation. Court of Claims bill filed v in yet another related action, Maine s 8 Congressional delegation has filed a bill, at the request of Gov. James B. Longlev, that ; federal ( would refer the land claims cas« 8 X responsibility in any settlement of the claims. However, Sen. Edmund S. Muskie, delegation chairman, was less than enthus iastic about the bill. He and Sen. William D. Hathaway share the view- that the bill is an exercise in futility. The other members of the delegation. Rep. William S. Cohen and Rep. David F. Emery, voiced support o f the bill in a joint statement: “The legislation, in our judg ment is a responsible proposal which deals both decisively and fairly with a problem which has the potential to adversely affect more than 350,000 Maine citizens." Two negotiating deadlines have passed, but the tribes, large landholders, state officials and White House have failed to reach agreement on an out-of-court settle ment. Tureen and tribal negotiators have said they are not afraid of taking the case to court, but would still prefer a negotiated resolution. The federal government has given Indian tribes an extension until April 1980 to file any court actions regarding land claims. Diane Newell Wilson Florida to Maine What am I doing here — The little green house I left — with the laughter of children behind — so many things happen there. The little oak tree — that grew from — no where I love so. The sound of the swing — blowing late at night. I ask my self over and over What am I doing here — I'm here with my people — When my Grandfather did walk and his Father — 1think to my self I'm here to — do good and Find my true self — so that's why I'm here. Diane Newell Wilson Love Love is like a Triangle one minute you're at the top together the next at the bottom apart — Love is like a Circle you keep going around and around Love is like a Square you stop on every corner and go through a different phase — 50SCOBC06050CCC Diane Newell Wilson j| Eugene Francis: The ‘ ChieF I 'Chief' Francis sees land case as a lot of hassle A or Chief, as he is affectionately known here v on the reservation, isn't excited about the v Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims. ) rather X “ I’d rather work." he says. "I'd rt X earn my own money. I think its going to be a 0 o f hassle when it comes through. 8 X battled poverty, poor housing, inadequate ho x services — and now is inviolved in a personal Aware of new Bureau o f Indian Affairs nonies coming to the tribe. Francis X commented. "1 think a lot of people are 0 v worried about these grants coming in. h Who's going to pay? They might take our ^ land away." X A governor o f the tribe for three terms, x Francis recalls the time when all reservation q homes had outhouses, and "we used to get our water from the wells." Francis rememx bers the good and the bad. “We started the v (new. federal) housing, and the old people's home.” he said. X X x But Francis also remembers when the q railroad was built, slicing within only a few h feet o f Indian homes, and constructed 8 against the wishes of the tribe. Also built 0 without tribal permission was the main road to Eastport that bisects the reservation and changed forever the character o f the Indian community. J Francis recalls the "old school," now dis continued. and the days before a local fire department was established. “ We had a fire ... I remember a little kid burned, and so did his mother. Up till then, we had no fire protection." There were only two or three cars owned by Indians 50 years ago. "When I was a kid, all we had was a dirt road. We had to go down to Eastport for medical help." However. Francis said “we had a couple of Indian women who used Indian medicine. We used to have flagroot. You put it in your mouth and it was hot. It relieved sore throat and other things." Francis gazed at the almost tree-less reservation and recalled, “we used to have a lot of trees here. We started cutting them down for firewood.” Francis. 51. wears his hair long. “ I started doing that last September. I usually have a fiat top." he said. Francis works at odd jobs around the Pleasant Point clinic, and elderlyhousing. He was last governor in 1973. " I ’ ve been a woodcutter and truckdriver," he said. A veteran of the U.S. Army, Francis has eight children, aged four to 18, by his exwife Mary Lorraine Francis. “ My eldest daughter's working right here at the schoolhouse as a teacher's aide," he said. Francis has two brothers. One works as a diesel mechanic, another as a bartender. �Wabanaki Alliance Jane 1978 Bishop Edward O ’ Leary, right, accepts gift of PassamaquGddy basket, at ordination ceremony at Pleasant Point. At left is Joseph Nicholas, who arranged for Indian children to perform traditional dances. [Cartwright Photo] Page 7 Brother Larry Smith, left, and Bishop Edward C. O ’Leary, admire cake along with Indian children, at luncheon following Brother Smith’ ordination as a deacon. [Cartwright Photo] s Ordination at Pleasant Point a first PLEASANT POINT — The recent ordination of a Catholic deacon at the Passamaquoddy reservation here was appar ently the first time such a ceremony has been held in the Indian community. Just about the entire population o f Pleasant Point turned out for the ordination of Brother Lawrence C. Smith, S.J.. to the order of Permanent Deacon, at St. Ann's Church. Brother Smith, 34. has lived and worked with the Passamaquoddies. and will continue to do so. He was ordained by the Most Rev. Edward C. O'Leary. Bishop of Portland. Bishop O'Leary told a gathering of 500 persons, mostly Indian, that ‘you are very ‘ much in hearts and prayers. Not one acre of land is worth more than a human being,” the Bishop said, adding that he hoped Maine people will achieve “peace in our hearts, instead of anger and hostility.” The May 25 morning ceremonies at the Church, involving both Passamaquoddy Indian and traditional Catholic rites, were followed by a dinner at the Beatrice Rafferty School, on the reservation. The dinner included traditional dancing to a drum, by Indian children. Bishop O ’ Leary was pre sented with a Passamaquoddy basket. Among those attending the ordination, and party afterward, were 17 visiting priests; Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence C. Smith. Sr., Brother Smith's parents, his sister Linda Smith: Passamaquoddy Gov. Francis J . Nicholas and family; Project Indian Pride director Joseph Nicholas, and many others. All children were excused from school for the day’ events. s The Rev. Joseph Mullen, chaplain at St. Ann’ Pleasant Point, said "the Church was s. jammed, including the balconies. Practically the whole reservation was here. There were at least 500 people.” He said the visiting priests constituted the largest gathering of priests in the county within memory. Father Mullen will be sharing duties with Brother Smith, and they will share a residence at Pleasant Point. Father Mullen has agreed also to serve as pastor o f St. John's Church, Pembroke, and St. Joseph’s Church. Eastport. Brother Smith intends to make his home at Pleasant Point, but may travel to South Dakota this summer for an Indian religious conference. A Brockton, Mass, native. Brother Smith entered the New England Province o f the Society of Jesus in 1962, taking his first vows as a Jesuit Brother in 1965. Smith held various posts at both Fairfield University, and at Holy Cross College, before continu ing his own studies. He attended Quinsigamond Community College in Worcester, and Boston University, graduating in 1972 with an AB degree in Art History. After graduation Smith was appointed temporary administrator o f the Jesuit Novitiate in Boston's Back Bay. and served as staff photographer for the Jesuit news paper. S. J. News. From 1973 to 1976 he was assistant chaplain at St. Ann's Indian Mission. Pleasant Point. He left the reser vation in 1976 to begin studies for the newly restored Permanent Diaconate. While maintaining close contacts with the Indian Mission and Indian People. Smith studied theology at the Jesuit Weston School o f Theology. Cambridge. Mass. He also studied at Episcopal Divinity School and Harvard Divinity School, taking summer courses at Boston University. He took his final vows as a Jesuit Brother in October 1977. in the Weston school chapel. A part o f a fourth century Liturgy says: " Through your Son you singled out seven deacons and you gave them the Holy Spirit. Appoint this servant, too, a deacon o f your Catholic Church and give him the Spirit of knowledge and discernment, that he may be able to offer you pure and blameless service among your holy people, through your Son. Jesus Christ/' United Church backs Indian right to pursue claims SEBAGO LAKE — The board of directors o f the Maine Conference, United Church of Christ, last month approved a statement supporting the rights o f Penob scot and Passamaquoddy Indians to seek a negotiated settlement of their land claims. The text of the statement, okayed at the Church's annual meeting at a Sebago Lake lodge, is as follows: “The essence of our religion is clearly and directly expressed in the words of our Lord: “To love God . . . and our neighbor as our selves.” (Luke 10:27) "Though simply stated, this summary of our Gospel is not simplistically lived out in a complex society. Nonetheless, this much is clear: Our Lord expects that those who “ love their neighbor as themselves" will stand forequality o f treatment. “Applied to us that means that we will affirm the same rights, the same justice, the same dignity for our neighbor which we cherish for ourselves. This is especially important to reaffirm in a democratic society which constitutionally guarantees that each and every person will have the right of due protection under the law'.” “Our best principles meet their test in the current Indian lands claim issue here in the State of Maine. As members of the Christian community, we, the conference ministers and the board of directors of the Maine Conference of the United Church o f Christ call upon our members and congregation to remember our Biblical mandate: “to love our neighbor as ourselves” (Luke 10:27). We respectfully suggest that this mandate impels us as a people o f God to: 1 Reaffirm the constitutional right o f the . Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes to seek constitutional, legal and negotiated settlement o f their claims. 2. Resist and reject all racist slurs and implications which in effect seek to rob our native American neighbors o f their full stature and dignity as neighbors, sons and daughters o f God, and fellow citizens. 3. Utilize and devise opportunities for dialogue and better understanding in our local communities so that we as men and women o f Christian faith can be agents of reconciliation between peoples, no matter what the outcome o f the legal and negotiated processes. “ We do not prejudge issues of economic, legal and political significance. We do call us all to a renewed awareness o f the moral, ethical, and religious dimensions which underlie these issues. We do know that our Lord judges us by our conduct toward our neighbor. We do know that we are called to let his law of love be operative through us, or we cease to be the Christian community. “ What doth the Lord require of thee, but to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?” (Micah 6:8).” E n g a g e me n t SWINGING INTO SUMMER — Walter Sockabasin, seven, of Pleasant Point, shows he’ s ready for a season of sonshine, fun and warm temperatures. [Cartwright Photo] Janet Lewey, o f Pleasant Point Pas samaquoddy Reservation, is engaged to be married to Jerry Pardilla o f Old Town. A July 22 wedding is planned. Janet, a Passamaquoddy, is the daughter o f Irene and the late Sebattus Joseph Lewey, Sr. She is a graduate o f Shead Memorial High School, Eastport, and is employed by the Passamaquoddy tribal government. Jerry, a Penobscot, is a graduate o f Old Town High School and Colby College. He is the son o f George and Ann Pardilla, and is currently employed by Central Maine Indian Association, Orono. �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance June 1978 Mitchell seeks governorship FAROE ISLANDERS — Six musicians from the Faroe Islands in the North Sea visited Indian Island recently and performed Scandinavian folk music at both the school and community building. Called Spaelimenninir, the group performed free of charge. The band toured the reservation, and listened while children sang a traditional Indian song. From left, the group’ members are Kristian Blak, Sharon Weiss, Asa Jakupsstovu, lanne s Danieisson, Maijun Dahl, and Ivar Barentsen. [Cartwright Photo] Eskimos worry about subsistence WASHINGTON — Twenty Alaska Na tives from villages in the Kuskokwim Delta area traveled here in mid-May to tell United States Congressmen how pending legisla tion, H.R. 39. involving millions o f acres of Alaska land could affect their lives. The Eskimo group raised funds for the trip through tribal activities in 56 villages. While in Washington the group also visited with Interior’ Assistant Secretary for s Indian Affairs Forrest Gerard, to inform him about their efforts, to thank him for his support, and to request the department develop a policy on subsistence. “ It involves every part o f our life,” one the group told Gerard. “ It’ an issue that won’ die.” s t The bill, passed in the House May 19 by a vote o f 277-31, would set aside almost 100 million acres o f federally-owned lands to be added to the United States systems of National Parks, Wildlife Refuges, Wild and Scenic Rivers and National Forests. Stemming from the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act o f 1971, it has been described as the largest land conservation proposal in United States history. Wilderness Pursuits slates courses ORONO — Wabanaki Wilderness Pursuits, a non-profit program providing camping experiences for youth, has scheduled its summer courses. The wilderness experiences offer young Indian men and women an opportunity to learn about themselves through shared responsibilities, cooperative effort, and overcoming of various group challenges. Wilderness Pursuits offices are located at 93 Main St., Orono. Date Activity Age Group July 6-12 Backpacking, Rock Climbing, Canoeing 15-21 July 16-18 Rock Climbing 12-14 July 16-18 Canoeing 12-14 July 22-28 Backpacking, Rock Climbing, Canoeing 15-21 August 1-3 Instructor Development Trip August 7-13 Backpacking, Rock Climbing, Canoeing 15-21 August 17-19 Rock Climbing 12-14 August 17-19 Canoeing 12-14 August 23-29 Backpacking, Rock Climbing, Canoeing 15-21 September 2-4 Rock Climbing 12-14 September 2-4 Canoeing . 12-14 (Seven day trips will involve the Debscomeag-Mt. K.atahdm area, three day trips will be equally challenging trips in areas closer to Orono). Registration forms can be picked up at our Orono office or from the following people at their offices. Dick Felker, AAI, Houlton; Bernard Stevens, Health & Social Services, Indian Township; Bridget Woodward, CMIA, Orono; Francis Nicholas, (VISTA Volunteer), Pleasant Point; Brenda Leavitt, C.A.P., Indian Island. INDIAN ISLAND — George Murray Mitchell has announced he is seeking the office of governor for the Penobscot tribe. Mitchell, executive director of Wabanaki Corporation, said his experience both as a resident o f Indian Island and a participant in state government would be of value in serving the tribe. "I hope what I have been able to view from both perspectives can be used for gain by the tribes and all Indian people. Issues are getting so complex, you need both perspectives,” he said. Although Mitchell said most o f the issues "haven’ erupted that will show up later,” t he said his campaign will stress community involvement in future programs. "Planning now is by and large based on what one or two people want," he said. He said he will try to set up a mechanism whereby all tribal members can be heard. Mitchell, who was born and brought up on Indian Island, graduated from Old Town High School in 1962. He then served 10years in the Maine State Police, including one year as a security aid to Governor James B. Longley. Before joining Wabanaki Corporation, Mitchell served as Commissioner o f Indian Affairs, but resigned after a year "because o f philosophical differences with the Longley administration.” George M. Mitchell Mitchell was on the negotiating commit tee which worked out the White House-en dorsed land claims proposal and has been a member of various boards including the National Institute Board on Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Migrant and Seasonal Work ers Advisory Council, and Penobscot Health and Social Services Committee. Mitchell predicted that the campaign will be lively. He said Island politics have always been colorful, with residents often voting along family lines rather than party lines as in state elections. Q u a k e rs a sk Longley to support proposal AUGUSTA — The American Friends Service Committee, a Philadelphia-based Quaker group, has written Gov. James B. Longley and the Maine Congregational delegation, urging their support o f the joint White House and tribal plan to settle Indian land claims out o f court. The text o f the letter reads: “ We urge that you and other leaders of Maine support the land and cash settlement that has been proposed by the three-person federal task force to resolve the land claims o f the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot people. We feel that the proposed settlement is reasonable in its terms. "W e are a national organization that is currently doing work in the state o f Maine on precisely this issue. We feel that the land claims issue is one that is national in impact and far reaching in significance. If settled within the framework o f the proposed settlement terms, we believe, based on our programmatic experience that a major breakthrough will have occurred in dealing fairly with the persistent injustices that have been the lot o f Native Americans. The question is not just Maine’ it is the entire s, country’ In approving the terms o f the s. proposed settlement, the tribes o f Maine have taken their stand for a reasonable and fair minded approach to healing a long standing scar on our national conscience. We appeal to you and other leaders o f your state to move forward in approving the settlement. School seeks Indians for natural resources study A new program exists for Native Ameri cans who are interested in majoring in any o f the fields o f Natural Resources. M ajors in Forestry, Soils, Water, Fisheries, Resource Management, Outdoor Recreation, Law Enforcement, Paper and Pulp Science, and Wildlife are offered. Interested degree seeking candidates are now being sought. In an effort to make the Natural Resource Education more relevant to Native Ameri cans, seven new courses have been designed, and are now being offered. Native American Philosophy and an Introduction to Natural Resources which emphsizes tribal concents will be offered during the freshman year. Wisconsin Indian History, American Indian Economics, and an internship in Natural Resources will be offered during the sopho more year. During the junior year, American Indian Law will be required and the study of tribal government will occur in the senior year. A six week summer camp at Clam Lake. Wisconsin will be required fol lowing the sophomore year. High school preparation should include an interest and ability in Biology, Mathe matics, Physics, and Chemistry. Further information concerning admis sion, course descriptions, and high school academic preparation can be obtained by contacting: Gary Kmiecik, Director College o f Natural Resources Room 107 University o f Wisconsin-Stevens Point NEW TRIBAL CLERK — Rhonda McManus, left, takes over the duties of Penobscot tribal Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481 clerk, effective July 1, from Debra Mitchell, right Mitchell has been clerk for one year. Phone; 715/346-4478 McManus was formerly employed by Penobscot Indian Enterprises, now closed. �Wabanaki Alliance Jane 1978 Page 9 Indians fear spraying affects water supply By Larry Lack INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Passamaquoddy tribal officials say they are worried because the tribe’ water supply. Big Lake, may have s been contaminated through spraying of spruce budworm insecticides. The tribal council has asked the U.S. Interior Department to investigate the situation and determine whether any laws have been violated by the experimental spraying of Lannate and Matacil. The spraying in question was done during the first week of June by the University of Maine under a contract from DuPont and Chemagro, the companies that make the two as yet unregistered anti-budworm chemicals. According to tribal Governor John Stevens, who learned of the spraying experi ment on June 2 after it was more than tw -othirds completed, “what worries us is the uncertainty. No one seems to really know what the effects o f these chemicals may be on people who might drink them.” Stevens said he had not heard anything as yet from the U.S. EPA. which he had tried to contact on June 2 through Maine’s Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Charles Rhynard. In his call to Rhynard. Stevens had asked for regular EPA monitoring of the Township’s water supply. At a recent meeting at the tribal offices, two scientists, responsible for conducting the spray experiment were questioned by Stevens and other Passamaquoddy officials. Dr. John Dimond, of University of Maine at Orono’ Entomology Department, and Har s old “Bud" Brown, an independent environ mental consultant who also is working for the spray manufacturers on a contract basis confirmed that, following experimental guidelines set by the EPA, several streams draining into Big Lake were sprayed in order to determine the effect such spraying would have on wildlife and water quality. Five such water courses in Townships 2 1 and 27 were sprayed in all. Two o f these were sprayed directly with Matacil, a chemical recently cited by the Newfound land Medical Society as potentially too dangerous to spray near domestic water supplies. The other three streams were not sprayed directly; Lannate was sprayed near them, but a “reasonable" no spray “buffer zone" w^as enforced immediately around these streams, according to Dimond and Brown. The experimental spray plots cover 8.000 acres in all. and are located entirely on lands belonging to the Georgia-Pacific Corpora tion, Dimond said. Princeton Town Manager David Holt, who also attended the meeting, said that in addition to the approximately 1.000 Indian Township residents who use the water in Big Lake for drinking and other domestic purposes, about 1.000 residents on the Princeton side of the lake also draw their household water from it. Princeton's select men voted unanimously to ban budworm spraying in their town this year, but they were overruled by the state and spraying was conducted in Princeton. Hoit said he wouid follow the Indian effort to have Big Lake's water quality monitored and that he would "coordinate things with John Stevens and try to see to it that the health o f Princeton residents wfio use the lake water is protected." Create a monster? Holt added that “everyone up here is concerned about the effect o f the budworm. But do we have to create a monster in order to control a monster?” The Indian leaders were interested in why they were not notified in advance of the proposed budworm spray experiment in the Big Lake watershed, and in why the project was located where it was, in a populated area, especially one where affected lake water is used in many homes. Dimond indicated that the decision, in retrospect, was "not well thought out." He acknowledged organizational reasons and not scientific ones were major factors in locating the spray experiment near Big Lake. “These streams were good from a scientific perspective, and they were close to the Maine Forest Service camp where we stay and to the Princeton airport, which we had been asked to use. People just never thought about the domestic water question. I don’ think anyone was aware that people t were using this lake water," he said. Dimond also noted that one other area in Washington County which had been con sidered for the experiment had been ruled out “because the fisheries biology people were concerned about the possible effects of the sprays on fish." At least four state and federal government agencies were involved in the process that led up to the selection of the Big Lake area for the experimental spraying project, but, according to Dimond. “ apparently none of them were aware o f this water supply question." The permit to conduct the spraying was issued by the Bureau o f Water Quality Control o f the state Department of Environmental Protection. Harold Brown offered to monitor Big Lake water at the mouths of the sprayed tributaries and near the water intake at Indian Township’ Peter Dana Point. He s said Maine budworm spray director Lloyd Irland had promised that the costs o f sampling and testing Big Lake water would be paid by the state. Guarded secrets Brown said his calculations showed that even if all the chemicals sprayed on the stream reached Big Lake, the concentration could not become higher than one part per billion. But he and Dimond could not answer tribal officials’ questions about whether the chemicals would float on the surface o f the lake, drift toward shore, or sink and become part of bottom sedimenta tion. They also said they did not know the “inert” ingredients that are part of the spray formulations or the breakdown products of these ingredients. Such "inert” ingredients are closely guarded trade secrets, Brown said. “These are chemicals that are used in lots o f otheiy places — Lannate in agriculture, Matacil against the budworm in Canada,” said Dimond. "But we are not able to give any assurances that they will not affect water supplies or human health adversely despite the minute quantities that might be present in the lake water in this situation,” he said. Brown agreed to sample Big Lake sedi ments in areas where he takes test water during the summer. Brown and Dimond suggested that area residents might also want to take water samples in clean jars and freeze them for later testing. Governor Stevens said he hoped Gov. James B. Longley would “take note of this situation.” Stevens said that Longley “keeps on saying we aren't going to enforce the laws to protect our environment on our lands. Well, this should show him. We will do whatever we have to, legally, to protect the lake water, the fish, and people's health.” Sockabasin brothers a winning combination at bat By Bill O ’Neal INDIAN T O ’VNSHIP — Indian Island had Sockalexis to bring honors to the Penobscots with his baseball exploits. Indian Township has the Sockabasin brothers, David, Clayton, Raphael, and Patrick. Playing in the semi-professional Border League, the four brothers have led their team, the Dana Point Indians, to the league championship four times since 1964, includ ing their first place in 1977 after winning 33 o f their 35 games. The Border League consists o f two other U.S. teams, Princeton and Eastport, and three Canadian teams. The Township team is the only Indian team in the 'league. Dave Sockabasin, coach and manager, accepted the William T. Booth Memorial Trophy on behalf of the players for this year’ championship performance. The s trophy will be kept by the team as long as they are league champions. It rests at Dave’s house on a special shelf with other awards the Township team has won since Dave headed the team. His brother, Raph, says that “is for as long as I can remember.” Clayton Sockabasin won this year’ Jack s Speedy Memorial Trophy for the highest batting average, with a respectable .592. Brothers Raph and Pat took the third and fourth league positions with averages o f .500 and .464. Both Clay and Pat tried out for the Pitts burgh Pirates at their training camp in Florida; however. Clay developed tendonitis, and younger brother Pat “followed him home,” according to Raph. The Pirates still make a yearly trip to look over the new players on the Dana Point team. Each summer William Bryant, a scout for the Pirates, holds a baseball clinic at the Township where he offers playing pointers and professional advice, as well as seeking new talent. Although everyone is invited to participate, only people from the two Passa maquoddy reservations attend the clinics, Raph said. The team held try-outs in May. Raph said he was confident Indians will again win the championship this year. All but two of the players from the winning team last year will be playing this year. In July the team will compete in the St. John Tournament o f Champions which will bring together the top semi-professional teams throughout Canada. In September the team faces another stiff competitor, the University of Maine Black Bears, winners of this year’ Riverside National Intercollegiate s Baseball Tournament. It is clear that the team has not come easily by its success. The players assemble every night at 5:00 and practice until they can no longer see the ball. Just battling the black flies and mosquitos is evidence o f their dedication. Another obstacle is the playing field which is filled with rocks, making fielding a matter o f guess work as well as skill. The team has been totally self-supporting, paying for its expenses by cutting timber in lots assigned by the tribe, according to Raph, who is a forestry manager for the tribe. However, the cost of resurfacing the ball diamond and making other improve ments was more than the team could afford. Fortunately through a grant the team has been able to get 515,000 in matching state funds, he said. Doing their own labor with some assistance from the Young Adult Conservation Corps, Raph estimated they will have a finished field sometime this season. SPIRIT OF SUMMER — Chester Newell, 11, left, Jonathan Sockabasin, 9, and his brother Robert, 11, go on an exploring trip through the woods at Indian Township . . . now that school’ out. [Cartwright Photo] s AACLU raps Longley for discrimination AUGUSTA — The president o f Maine Civil Liberties Union has charged in a letter that Gov. James B. Longley's attempts to have the Indian land claims shifted to a U.S. Court o f Claims constitutes “discrimination o f the most blatant sort.” MCLU President Richard J. Maiman wrote that Longley and Atty Gen. Joseph E. Brennan are pursuing “what appear to be badly conceived efforts to avoid the issues.” He called on state officials to “proceed to a quick and just resolution o f the problem at a conference table or in the court where the case was rightfully brought.” �Page 10 W abanaki A lliance June 1978 Indian legend The white-winged canoe Brotherhood Public Safety Coordinator John L. Bailey chats with reservation police officer Matthew Bailey, his brother, at Pleasant Point. [Cartwright Photo] Sweetgrass Express serves community in expanded form PLEASANT POINT — Virginia Tomah’s newsletter here has been rejuvenated and expanded. Tomah. 28, is now the full time editor o f the mimeographed tribal newsletter, her salary paid through federal On The Job Training, Bureau of Indian Affairs funds. Called Sweetgrass Express, the newsletter’ s June issue is 26 pages long. It is issue number one o f volume two, and follows a lapse of a few months when the newsletter did not circulate at Pleasant Point. Tomah seeks out a variety of news, announcements and other tidbits in her Passamaquoddy community. The SweetJOB OPENING EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR. UNITED SOUTHEASTERN TRIBES, INC. RESPONSIBLE TO BOARD OF DIRECTORS Uset. Inc. Office. Nashville. Tennessee DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES: As Executive Director, administer and provide overall direction, recruit, hire and direct the activities of the USET. Inc. staff. Develop an effective relation ship with federal, state, and local gov ernmental agencies. Promote the overall goals and objectives o f the organization as developed by the Board of Directors. Provide technical assistance and legisla tive review for the eight member tribes. Oversee all program activities and ensure timely performance and reporting as required by various contracts. QUALIFICATIONS: Training and Experience — at least two years Executive level management experience in a profit or non-profit business enterprise or experience in programs providing services to Indian tribes. Essential aptitudes, skills, knowledge and personal characteristics — Working knowledge o f basic organizational opera tion in such areas as program operation, accounting, management and grant and contract compliance. Knowledge of the problems and issues of Indian tribes in todays society is preferred. Ability to accomplish goals through effective utili zation of professional and non-profes sional staff members employed. Ability to write effectively and to formulate an d' draft appropriate legislation, guidelines or resource materials which will serve the member tribes. Send resume to— United Southeastern Tribes, Inc. Executive Search Committee 1101 Kermit Drive, Suite 800 Nashville, Tennessee 37217 grass Express is hand delivered to persons on the reservation, and will be mailed to subscribers for a requested S3 per year, to cover postage. The Sweetgrass Express carried senior citizens activities, menus, announcement of various tribal meetings, reports on tours, events and school news, job openings with the tribe, housing construction progress reports, health information, poetry, alcohol ism information, wedding announcements, editorial opinion, sports news, commentary on Indian life, and oodles of other items. There is even a back page drawing of a bear ("muwin” ) to color. A special feature of the June issue is an article by "Michele." about Indians "Then and Now." It describes the coming of w hiles. and how things declined after that. The story ends: “The river’ dying, the air s is getting really bad. and the earth is dying and not good to plant. We the Indian people have to pray to the earth spirits and the Great Spirit and start doing something to make the earth live again or there won’ be t anything left to the earth. 1hope we all start doing something or the Indian people will be no more." By Big White Owl One eventful day, about 369 summers ago, while the great salty sea was quite calm, gently rolling to and fro, a Lenni Lenape scout noticed a strange object, a kind of thing he never saw before, way out on the rim o f the sea. At once he notified the chiefs and seers of his tribe, and together they watched with great concern because all evidence indicated the strange object was coming toward shore. At first the Lenni Lenape People thought it looked like a great white bird with out stretched wings, but as it approached nearer to shore, adding to their bewilder ment. they saw human-like-forms moving about on what seemed to be a huge white winged canoe. (This was the occasion when Henry Hudson moored his ship. The Half moon. off New York Island in the year 1609.) Prepared for war The Lenni Lenape chiefs sent a number of their best scouts to make a closer investiga tion and to dispatch messages by sending smoke signals from their observation posts, and by sending runners to the various camps and villages to inform the warriors and braves, and all other people, about the strange white, winged canoe that was float ing inward, from the waters of the salty sea . . . Soon many Lenni Lenape warriors and braves began to arrive from every direction, and in a little while, more than one thousand were gathered together along the shore line, prepared and ready to meet the unknown. They were painted and dressed for war. They were armed with bows and arrows, stone-headed tomahawks, flint and bone-tipped spears. Thus equipped they waited for the zero hour. And. it finally came to pass, the Lenni Lenape People saw for the first time, what seemed to be strange men moving about upon the white winged canoe. They also observed the strange men were built some what after their own images, but they had faces pale as the winter snow, and some of them wore funny hairy masks. Straightaway, the Lenni Lenape chiefs held council, and it was decided, the strange men with such pale faces surely must be "peaceful messengers" sent by "Kishalehmookquaing,” The Creator. So instead of making war against the strange people, they prepared a great reception for them. After spreading beautiful hand woven corn husk mats, and many animal pelts such as: beaver, fisher, otter, muskrat, bear, panther, fox. racoon, lynx and deer upon the sandy shore, they were ready to welcome the strangers. They believed them to be peaceful mes sengers from Kitche Manitou — The Great Spirit. With extended hands The pale faced men. upon stepping ashore, were no doubt greatly surprised to receive such a friendly welcome, and to see such a grand display of pelts, so instead of walking on the furs that were spread for them to walk upon; they very carefully walked around the fur carpet, and in token o f good fellowship they approached the Lenni Lenape chiefs with extended hands. The Lenni Lenape chiefs accepted the pale faced men as friends, and as fellow' human beings, by attending to their distress and needs, and by welcoming them to a parcel o f land whereon to pitch their wigwams. In the beginning, the Lenni Lenape and the Pale Faced Men lived together in harmony and peace, but as time passed, and as the pale people multiplied, they became like a pack o f wild, hungry, greedy, rapacious dogs. They began to cheat and rob the Lenni Lenape People of their land. They traded flashy trinkets for valuable furs. They started to distribute their cursed firewater, a concoction that burned the heart and dimmed the eye of man — any kind o f man. And they brought over with them many strange and new diseases such as: tuber culosis, smallpox, gonorrhea, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles and whooping cough. Those are only a few o f the many secret weapons the pale faced man, wearing a hairy mask, brought over with him to spread corruption, misery, despair, grief and violence, amongst the original people, the real people, the grandfathers, the native people o f the new world . . . All of that is just an infinitesimal part of the kind of recompense my forefathers received for welcoming to the shores o f North America the pale faced man, the two faced man, the white man. INDIAN TOWNSHIP We have a little league team here at Indian Township which is badly in need of equipment and there are no funds available at this time. We would appre ciate any sort o f donations or help. Please contact Mark Stevens. VISTA Vol unteer. at the Tribal Office — 796-2321 or 796-2322. PLEASE HELP OUR LITTLE ONES!!! POSITION AVAILABLE The Department of Community Health Nursing has available a full tenure-track faculty position and a half-time faculty position for the academic year 19781979. A Master's Degree in Public Health with a major in community health nursing or a Master o f Science Degree in Nursing with a major in community health nursing is required. At least 2 years clinical practice in community health nursing agencies is essential. Previous teaching experience is pre ferred. Salary commensurate with quali fications. Send vitae by June 30. 1978 to Jacqueline K. Edgecomb. Chairman; Department of Community Health Nurs ing. University of Maine School of Nursing. 96 Falmouth Street. Portland. Maine 04103. An Equal Opportunity, Affirmative Action Employer Chief Orono asked whites to keep promise At far right is monument to Chief Joseph Orono, who told a Massachusetts military com mander in 1778: “Brother, the white people on this river have come and settled down upon the land which was granted us. We have warned them off, but they say they despise us, and treat us with language only fit for dogs. This treatment we did not expect from Americans particularly when the general court of this state granted the land to us themselves. We expect they will keep good and support their promise.” Wabanaki Alliance, and Central Maine Indian Association, are among tenants in the former St. Mary’s School, left, in Orono. Former convent building at right houses Wabanaki Corporation, Marne Indian Manpower, Maine Indian Transportation Association, Tribal Governors, Inc., and others. �Wabanaki Alliance Jane 1978 Advertisements A SSEM & RJt T R A O E INDIAN CRAFT SUPPLIES IliMKUBSnUUBUTUN j B o n e H air P ip es, Elk T eeth , S e e d B e e d s, B ra ss B eads, L eather, Fur, 9 H e a d d r e s s e s , B u stles, R e c o r d in g s , F e a th e rs, Sh ells, J e w e lr y Fin d in gs, Beils, F ringe, Bulk S u p p lie s, Kits, etc. DREY OWL INDIAN CRAFT €0. 150-32 H A V E S t O A D , J A M A IC A , N.Y. 1 1 413 B ® p t.yv ^ 403 0 3>Ji | I § YOUNG ADULT CONSERVATION CORPS YOUTH CONSERVATION CORPS BOX 503 INDIAN ISLAND VIA OLD TOWN, MAINE 04468 June 6. 1978 NOTICE — Summer employment The Youth Conservation Corps (Summer 1978) located at Indian Island, is now accepting enrollee applications for p, summer employment, starting June 26. If 1978. and terminating on August 25. S § I 18 97 If Enrollee eligibility criteria — youth | who may be considered for the Y.C.C. § program must: p (1) Have attained age 15, but not yet y 19 (proof of age required). (2) Be permanent residents of the United States, or its territories, or possessions. (3) Have a desire to work in the out doors and become involved in the development and maintenance of the Nation’ natural environment. s (4) Have no history o f serious criminal, or other anti-social behavior that might jeopardize their safety or that o f others. (5) Be physically qualified to partici pate fully in the various work and training projects of the Y.C.C. camp program. (6) Have or be able to obtain parental or legal guardian consent to enroll in the program. All parents execute a consent statement that a parent or guardian authorizes first aid or emergency care and will not hold the Government responsible for: any non-program accident or ill ness. (7) Have or be able to obtain a work permit as required by the laws of the State in which programs will be carried out. (8) Have a social security number upon entrance into the program; Applications for enrollment may be I obtained at the Y.A.C.C.-Y.C.C. camp I office at Indian Island. Contact: Richard Hamilton, Y.A.C.C.* Y.C.C. camp director or work coordina1 tor Nancy Thurlow, tel. 827-2641. 7 ” AC l M ~ t '& 15201 pL ,*c (2 /4) 631-3638 INDIAN TEE SHIRTS “Say it with a Tee-Shirt, Say it best with a SUPERSKIN" To Order, Please send check or money order in the amount of $4.50 per shirt plus $1.00 handling or, $1.50 per Iron-on Decal plus $.25 handling to — SUPERSKIN DESIGNS P.O. Box 337 Norman, Oklahoma 73069 “ SUPPORT INDIANS, BUY INDIAN MADE” Page 11 Do you have a drinking problem? Wabanaki Corporation offers an alco holism program for Indian people who need help because of problems with alcohol. If you have such a problem and need help, or know of someone in need, please contact the Alcoholism Counselor in your community or area. Indian Island — Alcoholism Coun selor — Clarence Francis — 207-8665577. Indian Township — Alcoholism Coun selor — Martha Barstis — 207-796-2321. Pleasant Point — Alcoholism Coun selor — Grace Roderick — 207-8532537. Association o f Aroostook Indians — Alcoholism Counselor — Pious Perley — 207-762-3751. Central Maine Indian Association — Alcoholism Counselor — Alfred Dana — 207-269-2653 or 207-866-5577. JOB OPENING OFF RESERVATION COORDINATOR Department of Indian Affairs is looking for an individual to assist and be a resource to Native Americans through out the state o f Maine. While a good deal o f the time will be spent in Aroostook County, it will be necessary to travel throughout the state maintaining contact with Indian people in all areas. The ability to establish solid relation ships and trust, along with communica tions skills, organizational ability and administrative experience and know ledge o f the Maine Indian Community as well as state and federal programs will be required. Minorities are encouraged to apply. Write Charles Rhynard, Commissioner, Department of Indian Affairs, State Office building, Augusta. Maine 04333. POSITION AVAILABLE CHILD DEVELOPMENT SPECIALIST Qualifications: At least a masters degree in early childhood, preschool education or related field. Minimum of three years teaching experience at the preschool level. Experience in in-service teacher education preferred. The Child Development Specialist must relate well to others and work well with teachers in classroom settings. Salary Range: $11,000 to $12,500 for 10 months (subject to Federal funding). Deadline for Application: July 1 1978. Please 5, submit resume, available credentials and three letters o f recommendation to: Maine Childrens Resource Center, Col lege o f Education, University o f Maine at Portland - Gorham: Gorham, Maine 04038. An Equal Opportunity, Affirmative Action Employer “SHE SHIRTS” Order yours now, from a selection o f 15 favorites — including Maine’ own s MOLLY MOLASSES or Edna St. Vincent Millay For brochure write to RAMONA BARTH ALNA, MAINE 04535 Tel. 586-5051 Cons ervati on j obs The Young Adult Conservation Corps (YACC) located at Indian Island are now accepting enrollee applications. Enrollee Eligibility 1 Membership in the YACC is open to . all candidates who, at the time o f enroll ment are: a. Unemployed b. Between the ages o f Sixteen to Twenty-three inclusive: (male or . female) c. Capable o f carrying out the work of the YACC for the estimated dura tion o f their enrollment. Each individual shall provide a record of a physical examination before enrollment. Cost of physical must be borne by the applicant. 2. Individuals who at the time o f en rollment have attained age 1 but have 6 not attained age 19 and who have left school shall not be admitted to the pro gram unless they give adequate assur ances that they did not leave school for the purpose o f enrolling in the YACC. For further information contact the YACC director, Richard Hamilton, by telephone. 827-7776, or by writing to YACC program director Box 503, Old Town, M E 04468. WORLDS LARGEST SELECTION OF INDIAN BUMPER STRIPS WHOLESALE & RETAIL LeSHOWMAR BUMPER STRIPS RD.. DEPT. I.T. ROCHESTER, N. H. 03857 SPECIALIST IN CUSTOM MADE BUMPER STRIPS LeSHOWMAR 1 -{6031-332-7333 SELL OR TRADE Zefal Hang Glider, used. I8V ft. wing 2 span, 300 lb. capacity, harness & helmet included. Price negotiable or will con sider trade for canoe of equal value. Contact Dale Mitchell or Chris Altvater, Pleasant Point at 853-2730 evenings after 4:30 p.m. SUBSCRIBE TO WABANAKI ALLIANCE �Page 12 Wahanaki Alliance June 1978 News briefs Diocesan camp offers scholarship aid A flashback to the past Indian Island to have dental clinic INDIAN ISLAND — A fully-equipped dental clinic will be started here within the next few months. A dentist will be selected from applicants working for the National Health Service, according to Dr. Eunice Baumann-Nelson, director o f tribal health and social services. NHS provides scholarships to dental stu dents. who in return agree to work for several years in rural or other needy com munities. Three persons are being con sidered, she said. Dr. Baumann-Nelson said all required equipment will be provided free by NHS. Although the dentist’ salary will at first be s paid by NHS. Indian Health Service funds will later be used “to pay back some of the salary." The dental clinic will be a permanent feature o f the Indian Island health program and will not end when the dentist’ two year s term expires. Dr. Baumann-Nelson said. INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Sylvia Sopiel, editor of Mawiw Kilum. announced that her newsletter will award $5.00 to the Township resident catching the largest salmon o f the season. The salmon may be taken trom Princeton Bridge, Lewey. Long and Big INDIAN TOWNSHIP — The Rev. Lakes. Catches must be witnessed by some Joseph Laughlin* o f St. Ann’ Church is s one and recorded at the tribal office. seeking a recreation director to handle PORTLAND — Camp Pesquasawasis, a summer camp for children, ages 6-11, has announced that half-scholarships are still available. The camp will pay half o f the $145 tuition, the remainder to be paid from sources arranged by parents sending their children. Activities include sports, water skiing, sailing and canoeing, campfires, crafts, photography, and ham radio operation. The camp encourages children from all walks of life to attend. Four sessions will be offered this summer; July 2-15; July 16-29; July 30-Aug. 12; Aug. 13-26. For further information write; Diocesan Camping Center, 87 High Street, Portland. Maine 04101. Tel. 20/-773-0248. Prize for biggest salmon Township priest seeks recreation director Salmon stamps offered sports activities for older teens and young Delia Daylight [Mitchell], later Delia Raneo, was 19 years old when this photo was taken. Bon, in 1892, she married Nicholas Ranco, last war chief of the Penobscot tnbe. Her grand people in their early twenties. The position is being offered under the daughter is Eva Love of Indian Island. [Photo courtesy of Frances Comer, Indian Island] Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) and will involve "managing sports leagues, crafts, the dance team, and children’ activities.” as well as operating a s recreation center. Father Laughlin said. to use resources she had budgeted for other ORONO — Several town welfare offices He said increased recreational activities expenses, such as rent. According to in Maine have reportedly intimidated and are an important part o f his efforts to stop Vicaire, this reduction in income forced her harrassed off-reservation Indians seeking "moonshine and monkey business" among to move into a small apartment, and she had assistance. Hawaiians s e e k b en efits young people on the reservation. to keep her children with friends. Thomas Vicaire, director of Central Whh a full-time supervisor it will be Vicaire said the state intervened and Maine Indian Association, said in one case HAWAII — Native Hawaiians, citing possible to keep the school gym open at placed the children in foster homes. CMIA an Indian woman, seeking assistance, was irealies with the old kingdom o f Hawaii, night, he said, adding. “Without super was not notified until it was too late, he said. told she could receive aid only if she repaid a asked Congress May 16 for special legisla CMIA has written to four town welfare vision a few vandals ruined it for everyone. portion o f the money. According to Vicaire, tion to give them educational and other The gym has been closed at night because of such action violates state law. The law offices, Vicaire said, requesting guidelines benefits similar to those given to Indians for Indian applicants. So far only one has frequent acts o f vandalism. He said there states that monies paid to members of nonand Alaskan Natives. has been much pressure to reopen the gym complied. “Another director ^simply re federally recognized tribes shall be reim Spokesmen for Hawaiian Natives said at night, and that doing so will hopefully fused," he said. bursed by the Department of Human Vicaire said he hoped Indians served by s they were entitled to special benefits because satisfy young people’ needs tor a place to Services. Vicaire said there was no reason CMIA would contact the Orono office at the their ancestors were unjustly deprived of for the town manager to force the woman to public lands by an 1893 revolution support first sign o f trouble when seeking town repay assistance. welfare assistance. "People don’ realize t ed by U.S. troops. They testified before the As a result o f the applicant’s inability to Senate Select Committee on Indian Aflairs. how problems which seem small, can grow repay the town, she was refused assistance to hurt them," he said. The CMIA which is headed by Sen. James Abourezk. WASHINGTON — Martin E. Seneca. when she requested it a second time. Sen. Daniel Inouye (D-Hawaii). joined bytelephone number is 866-5587. Jr., is returning to the Bureau o f Indian Without this money for food, she was forced Sen. Spark Matsunaga (D-Hawaii). intro Affairs as Director of Trust Responsibilities, duced legislation to bring some 150.000 according to Interior Assistant Secretary Hawaiian Natives under the same laws that Forrest Gerard. provide benefits for Indians and Alaska Seneca was formerly Trust Responsibili Natives. However. Inouye said he would now ties Director from May. 1974 to November. offer a substitute bill calling tor a separate 197b. He has most recently been with the program for Native Hawiians because of o p Federal Energy Agency as Assistant General position to the original bill by Indians and Counsel for Conservation and Deputy Following negotiations by police and Alaskan Natives. PLEASANT POINT — Two PassamaAssistant Administrator for Conservation lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, Stanley and quoddy men locked themselves in a reserva and Environment. tion home recently to avoid arrest on Moore agreed to come out and return to Gerard, who has consistently stressed the charges o f aggravated assault, aided by 50 Calais in an Indian Police cruiser. priority o f strengthening the Bureau’ s Several other developments have also PERTH. New Brunswick — A cultural capacity to fulfill its role as trustee, said that sympathizers. Donald Stanley and Fred Moore, Jr., raised the question of state jurisdiction in fair is planned at Tobique Indian Reserve, "the role of trustee in an age of Indian charged in separate incidents with assault, reservation legal affairs. Recent sentences self-determination is delicate. It requires Saturday, June 24, starting at 10 a.m. were helped by an estimated 50 residents of delivered in Superior Court have been Scheduled events include demonstration understanding of the Indian peoples and the Pleasant Point, who refused to let reserva appealed on grounds that Indians com of traditional crafts, exhibits o f historical ability to work well with them. It alsp tion and Eastport police near the house. mitting crimes on reservations are beyond pictures, tape recordings, traditional sing requires special knowledge, intelligence and Persons in the crowd said Eastport police the jurisdiction of state courts. Calais lawyer ing, and a traditional dance in the evening. strength. I think that Martin Seneca has had no jurisdiction on the Passamaquoddy John A. Churchill, who recently filed such A luncheon will be served at noon. The fair these qualities and. consequently. I am reservation and warrants for Stanley and an appeal for a client, said no action has will take place at Mah-sos School, Tobique pleased that he will be in this important Moore's arrests were illegal. been taken by the state Law Court in position.” Reserve. Stanley has been a member o f the land deciding whether the appeal has merit, A member o f the Seneca Indian Nation of . claims negotiating team. New York, Seneca is a 1971 graduate of the pending filing of briefs. John Bailey. Public Safety coordinator at Harvard School of Law. He earned a B.S. in Churchill said if the appeal is upheld, A front page story on religious instruction Pleasant Point, said the problem developed Political Science and an M:S. in Public at Indian Island elementary school incor when reservation Police Chief Harry Tinker state prosecutors would probably file a Administration from Brigham Young Uni counter-appeal, which could ultimately land rectly stated that Martin Neptune’s son was was reluctant to deliver the warrants without the case in the state Supreme Court. Ac among those non-Catholic children who left versity. an off-reservation backup. Seneca, 36, is a former White House the classroom for 30 minutes during religion According to Bailey, Eastport and Calais cording to Churchill, if his appeal is upheld, Fellow. He has been an associate professor class. Neptune’ son has been in the early s police may enter the reservation with full it would become necessary to establish a o f law at the University o f Utah and worked childhood program, and was not subject to jurisdiction powers if they are asked to do so federal court to hear cases of Indians briefly for a Washington, D.C. law firm. committing crimes on the reservations. the religious education program at the His appointment was effective January 29. by reservation police. school. INDIAN ISLAND — Salmon stamps are available now. free of charge, at the Penob scot tribal clerk’ office, to all Indian s persons with a 1978 hunting and fishing license. Tribal Clerk Debra Mitchell said persons wanting stamps must bring their license to her office at the community building to have the stamp attached. W e lfare discrim ination reported Seneca joins BIA Jurisdiction questioned in assault incident Indian fair set Correction � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (June 1978) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978-06 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-439 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/4a496e8c37fcc5a15d4fca99c5e46101.pdf 2ee83cfb44099149d5c5e4c7bf97e809 PDF Text Text SU3AN M. STEVENS 3812 MONROE N .E . Non-profit Organization Wabanaki A llian ce ALBUQUERQUE, UM U.S. Postage Paid 3.1c Permit No. 14 Orono, Maine b7110 Published by Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Return to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473. January 1980 « wmn________________________ -_- MITA buses rolling but running out of funds ORONO — Maine Indian Transportation Association continues to exist more on paper than on the road. With services to two o f its four areas shut down, and severely limited in the other two, MITA’ future is in doubt. s Although December was to mark the end of services last minute discoveries o f funds have kept the buses running on a minimal level, according to MITA director Lorraine Nelson. Tribal Governors, Inc. (TGI) de cided at a mid-January meeting to continue services on a limited basis on the reserva tions until the residual funds were used up. Currently, Indian Island is running one bus for the elderly on a part time basis. Neither o f the Passamaquoddy reservations has had bus service since the end of December. Nelson said she was not sure why Pleasant Point and Indian township had not resumed services following the TGI deci sion. Association of Aroostook Indians (AAI) has had to limit its two Houlton and one Caribou buses to servicing its three nursing home contracts. With a closing o f services on Jan. 3 1 almost a certainty, MITA received another reprieve in the last week of Jan. According to U.S. Dept, of Tranportation’s (DOT) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), funds which FHWA was holding back from MITA because of some earlier “ineligible expenses," were being reinstated. One official estimated the amount at around $2,500. He said receipt of the money was contingent on TG I’ completing the final s report for the FHWA grant. He also said TGI must reach “an amicable decision” on the future use o f the MITA buses. According to the official, TGI has been unable to reach agreement “due to a little com m u nications problem between the tribes.” Nelson was not certain how long the reinstated funds would sustain MITA; "maybe through February.” she guessed. Future funding o f MITA remains a question mark. A proposal for Title XX Dept, o f Human Services funds was rejected, according to Nelson, for failure to make recommended changes in MITA. Nelson claims the changes were made, but the people reviewing the proposal “didn t even check to find out.” The proposal has been resubmitted, she said. If approved, she wasn’ sure whether funding would be retro t active to January, or begin the next funding period in October. In either case, money would not likely be available in the near future. A more promising source o f funding appears to be FHWA Section 18 funds, administered by Maine’ Dept, o f Transpor s tation (MDOT). However, an odyssey o f red tape is necessary before any money becomes available, even if MITA's proposal is accepted. Section 18 funds will be dispersed at the county level by regional planning commissions. In order to get these funds the (Continued on page ten) OUT OF A JOB? Ben Labobe, 33, a Micmac from Caribou, expects to make his last run at the end of this month, as funds to operate the Caribou MITA bus dry up. The bus was borrowed from Central Maine Indian Association of Orono when that group could no longer afford to operate the buse. Micmacs, fight closing of DIA As many as 1.500 Indians inhabit Aroostook County, and it's a good bet nearly all o f that population is strongly opposed to closing down the Maine Department of Indian Affairs (DIA). The Micmacs and Maliseets o f northern Maine are upset that Gov. Joseph Brennan budgeted $721,584 for the current Fiscal year, but for the second half of the biennium which starts July 1 1980, the DIA budget is , zero. AAI is conducting a letter-writing cam paign, and their printed letter calls the DIA shutdown “ A serious mistake.” The letter asks Brennan to reconsider terminat ing DIA, and its branch office in Houlton. Helen Ciganek, a Micmac in charge of AAI's Caribou office, said “ I wish that the Governor would reconsider that office in Houlton. and also consider one in Caribou.” The letters being sent to Brennan state: (Continued on page ten) N ewspaper to charge rates Helen Ciganek, in charge of AAI’s outpost, the Caribou office, says the state should not only keep the Houiton Department of Indian Affairs office, but should expand services into northern Maine. We here at Wabanaki Alliance are in a critical time. We must chart the course this publication will take in months to come. If we can't raise the money we need, the Indian community in Maine will lose its only regularly published newspaper. In a sense, the community will lose its voice. The Division o f Indian Services, an allIndian board that publishes this paper through Diocesan Human Relatons Services, has every intention o f continu ing publication. But to do that, we will need the help o f our readers. All subscribers to Wabanaki Alliance will soon be receiving a letter informing them that subscription rates are taking effect. Those rates will be explained in the letter, and allowance will be made for persons who have already contributed money to the paper. The DIS board considers $5 per year a fair charge; it works out to about 40 cents per issue. The subscription rates are in effect with the next issue, February, 1980. We urge you to mail your letters to us as quickly as possible, so that you will not miss an issue. Those who do not choose to subscribe will no longer receive W abanaki Alliance. We regret that we must charge for the newspaper, but in these lean times, this step is necessary to our survival. Thank you for your generous support. We remind readers that all money sent to Wabanaki Alliance is tax deductible and that contributions in excess o f the $5 rate are still most welcome and greatly needed. Because $5 per subscriber does not come close to covering the cost of publication, we ask that institutions (schools, libraries, businesses, govern ment agencies, etc.) double their contri bution and send Wabanaki Alliance $10 per year. Rates for Canada and overseas (non institution) are $6 annually, because of higher out-of-country postage costs. �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance January 1980 He touched many “ He was really a loner, but he touched so many people. I just feel remorse,” said Christine Nicholas. She was talking about her brother Senabeh (born Ronald Francis). Senabeh died in his Indian Islan d trailer this month, but not because anyone neglected him, least o f all his sister. Christine did all she could over the years; so did many other fellow tribal members. But Senabeh, a Penobscot medicine man o f considerable spiritual strength and insight, could not overcome the Indian’ s perrenial and tragic enemy, alcohol. He had graduated from an alcoholism treatment program at Eastern Maine Medical Center, but went back on the bottle. Senabeh’ periodic binges left him physically wasted and s discouraged, but to the very end, he was kind, gentle and yes, inspiring to those who knew him well, and those he had only just met. Senabeh was a trusting man, a man who believed in the goodness o f all people, Indian and non-Indian alike. As the years passed, the lines in his face measured his personal suffering, however. In years past, Senabeh would “disappear” for months at a time, living upriver at Hemlock Island, content to be in the company o f himself and nature. He was a highly skilled carver, and his wooden masterpieces grace St. Ann’ Church at Indian s Township Passamaquoddy reservation, as well as many homes. All the children knew Senabeh, although some o f these “children” are now grandparents. He will not soon be forgotten. With delight, Senabeh would welcome visitors to his small workshop, where he lived until the tribe provided him with a trailer. The woodstove, the drying logs, the paints, and the wise artist at work — but never too busy to talk with his guest. t Last summer, Senabeh made headlines around Maine when district court Judge Jessie Briggs ruled that the state had failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt that a paper company had more title to land than did the Penobscot tribe. Senabeh touched off the court action by challenging a state statute that said he could not build a fire without a permit at Debsconeag Dead water — a traditional site for Senabeh, who observed certain ceremonial practices. Senabeh will be remembered for many things, but most o f all, as Christine said, for those he touched. He was 66 years old. Quotable A publication called the Farmer-Stockman printed a picture o f a deserted farmhouse in a desolate, sandswept field, then offered a prize for the best 100-word essay on the disastrous effects o f land erosion. An Indian lad from Oklahoma bagged the trophy with his graphic description: “Picture show white man crazy. Cut down trees. Make too big teepee. Plow hill. Water wash. Wind blow soil. Grass gone. Door gone. Wife gone. Whole place gone to hell. No pig. No corn. No pony. “ Indian no plow land. Keep grass. Buffalo eat grass. Indian eat buffalo. Hide make plenty big teepee. Make moccasin. All time Indian eat. No work. No hitchhike. No ask relief. No build dam. No give dam. White man heap crazy.” CATS’ COMFORT is often uppermost in the feline mind, and this mother and kitten know the best spot at the Donald and Mary Ann Sanipass home in Mapleton is near the woodstove. A rebuttal We, the native working committee for the Indian Chapters in the forth com ing “Dirigo” textbook, would like to respond to an editorial in the December 1979 issue of the Wabanaki Alliance, entitled “Set the Record Straight,” and to an article in the same issue entitled “Textbok (sic) Revises Indian History.” We feel that the editors have overstepped the bounds o f fairness and trust in this article and editorial. The committee under stood that the editor o f Wabanaki Alliance had agreed not to publish anything about our chapter until final revisions were com pleted, yet the editors have based their comments on an early draft, not a nearly final draft as they have stated. What the editors commented on was essentially the June draft, which came out after only two and one half months o f research and writing. This draft was sent out in August to at least twenty-five people — all those who had shown the slightest bit o f interest in assisting the committee. Reactions and criticisms were requested. They came in all Fall and revisions were constantly being made. Some o f the sections quoted by the Wabanaki Alliance editors were changed at a meeting as early as September 8,1979. The editors had every opportunity to ask if their draft copy was final or “near final.” One o f the editors was on the phone with at least two members o f the committee in the last days o f November while revisions were being made. It is evident that the Wabanaki editors didn’ care if a much revised draft t was still being worked on because they never asked. Failing to ask this vital question on the part o f the editors cannot be put down to carelessness or ignorance. They know their business better than that. One must admit that it is highly unusual to publish a book review before the final draft is completed or published. As historians, we have included some subjective statements and interpretations of the facts presented in the text in an attempt to present a segment o f Maine history that . has never been presented before. It is our opinion that if we are to interpret history through our own eyes and experiences, our feelings and interpretations must be ex pressed as an intregal part o f the truth. But the Alliance editors, it seems, could not accept our interpretations as a valid side of the truth, when they said that we had “erred” and that the book, therefore, “does not (in all places) serve the truth.” Such denunciation, we feel, is totally unfair and unjustified and more revealing o f the intolereance o f its authors. In our opinion it is too bad if such people don’ like to hear t how Indians feel about what has happened to them. We cannot apologize for our feelings. As for criticism that one statement is un substantiated, we would like to point out that substantiation for that statement about American promises to the Micmac is given in an earlier chapter — some 60 pages earlier. Amazing how short the memories of the editors! Perhaps non-Indians’ short memories about their treaty agreements are not so surprising after all — history does repeat itself! Thank you anyway for reminding us o f this short-coming o f nonIndians. We have taken steps in the final draft to remind readers more often about such promises: i.e., 1713 Treaty promising that the English would respect aboriginal territory and rights such as “hunting, fishing, fowling.” 1763 Royal Proclamation that Indians “ should not be molested or disturbed in the possession o f such parts o f our dominions and territories as not having been ceded to, or purchased by us (England)... Revolutionary War Promise o f the Ameri cans to the Wabanakis as recorded by Col. John Allan; that Wabanakis “should be forever viewed as brothers and children under the protection and fatherly care o f the United States.” In closing, we would like to point out that these chapters are the product o f research, contributions, criticisms and suggestions of many people both within and outside o f the Indian community. The contributors come from many fields of expertise, but especially from the area o f Wabanaki history. In volunteering their time and energies these contributors have demonstrated a sincere desire to correct the written record of Wabanaki history so that it will no longer reflect only the non-Indian viewpoint, but also the viewpoint o f the Wabanaki people. On the other hand, the Wabanaki Alliance editors never once volunteered to help us while the work was in progress, we would have gladly considered their criti cisms or comments but for them to publish their citicism only last month on one o f our earliest drafts was neither fair nor construc tive. Surely the last place we expected such unfair criticism was in our own Indian newspaper — the Wabanaki Alliance. The Native (for Dirigo text) Writing Committee �Page 3 Wabanaki Alliance January 1980 letters Teenager cites need for ’ something to d o’ To the editor: I’ often read your readers' opinions ve in the newsletter editorial column. Your letters have been pretty good, but none of them have been concerned with the drug and alcohol problems we may have here at Pleasant Point with teenagers. I would really appreciate it if you would print my letter in your editorial column. I want to make sure our tribal leaders know there is a teenager who is con cerned and would like something to be done to help prevent this problem with most of us teenagers. If this letter is printed in your column I can be pretty sure our leaders know about my concern. Tribal leaders, if we teenagers had something to do or someplace to go to like a recreation center, maybe our minds wouldn’ be thinking of other ways t to have fun like getting drunk on alcohol or high on drugs. This is the case with most of us teenagers; we simply haven’ t got anything to do, so some o f us have to make our own “fun” by getting “drunk or stoned.” But to help stop this alcohol and drug problem we need your sincere help! Never mind spending money on skat ing rinks or ski slopes. It’ just going to s be a waste of money. These two par ticular things are great for the winter season, but why not spend money on something that will keep us busy during the whole year. This recreation center would be great!! A recreation center like the last one we had would be perfect. It Wabanaki Affiance Pleasant Point included pinball machines, billiard tables, and a juke box. We really miss that place. It was great until it was vandalized. You leaders tell us we ruined it for ourselves; we really didn’ If you t! leaders would have hired responsible chaperones instead o f people who them selves drank alcohol and took drugs, maybe the recreation center would still be in operation. But no, you leaders didn’ care about who was hired as long t as we were quiet and not complaining. The reason we never complained, was because we were happy that it was at least open when it was. It was never really open regularly, however. If we don’ get this recreation center, t we are not going to have anything to do, like it is now. And we’ just keep on ll going with the drugs and alcohol. This recreation center is not going to stop all drug and alcohol problems, but I believe it will help quite a bit. Remember this leaders, we teenagers are the future for Pleasant Point. Nobody would want drug addicts or alcoholics as their future tribal leaders. So what do you say, leaders? Are you going to do something about getting this recreation center in operation again? Signed, A teenager who cares about the present and future problems of Pleasant Point. Vol. 4, No. 1 January 1980 Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Orono Times. Printed by Ellsworth American. Member — Maine Press Association Steven Cartwright, Editor William O ’ Neal, Associate Editor Mary T. Byers Brenda Polchies Roberta Richter Kathy Tomah Reporters Indian Island Houlton Pleasant Point Indian Township DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree |chairman | John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Jeannette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Susan Desiderio, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Maynard Polchies, President, Aroostook Indians David A. Francis, Public Safety Department Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Phone 827-4543 Phone 532-7317 Phone 853-4654 Phone 796-2301 Indian Island Pleasant Point Indian Township Indian Island Indian Township Orono Houlton Houlton Pleasant Point Houlton DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; S6 Canada and overseas; $10 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.]. CUDDLING UP — A bit of Christmas cheer came in person to Jennie and Gilbert Tomah Jr., Passamaquoddy children residing at Pleasant Point. Their expressions say it all. [Photo by Ruby Richter] Maine to Michigan Lansing, Mich. To the editor: I am a “ Removed Kid.” Through prayer and good luck I was reunited with my family. Also because the people who adopted us kids were ‘ local Indians,’ in my case Ottawa, and so we were all related as adoptees as well. It has taken up a good deal o f time to trace our family ties. I am particularly in terested in finding out if we have any relatives left in Maine. My grandfather was bom in Houlton in 1850. His mother, Sarah Elizabeth Wells was an Aroostook Indian. Thomas Pritchard was bom in or around the Allagash forest, in a place with a name no-one can remember. I don’ know if your roles go back that far t but I want to find the relatives if any. I was hoping that you could help me. My grand father came to Michigan in an ox cart, with his brothers and sisters. They settled in a Chippewa community in northern Michigan, but were never enrolled there. I was hoping maybe there would be a record on some early role in Miaine; or if not I might still be able to identify some relations and write to them. Thank you for your help. Sharon Kay Austin Only contact Vassar, Michigan To the editor: I would like to be added to the mailing list for the Wabanaki Alliance. I am a member of the Penobscot Nation and I reside in Michigan. I used to receive the Wabanaki but am not receiving it at the present time. I enjoyed it very much, as the Alliance was my only contact with the Penobscot Nation. I am employed by the Flint Indian Education Program as a Resource Assistant. I feel that the Wabanaki Alliance could also be shared with the staff. Charlene D. Pully Resource Assistant Flint Indian Education Wonderful job Saugerties, N.Y. To the editor: Just a short note o f appreciation for the good work you’ doing. It’s wonderful to re see or hear o f old friends. The young people are really an inspiration. I thank you tor helping keep us, away from home, in touch and informed. Please accept an enclosed contribution and my prayers for your continued success. Pati Lolar Olen POSITION AVAILABLE IMMEDIATE OPENING Associate Director of film on Indian people of Maine. This person will work with the pro ducer to research, script, shoot and edit a film which will explore Indian life and identity in Maine. Ideas, enthusiasm and commitment are more important than previous film experience. Contact Jay Kent at Tribal Governors Inc., 93 Main St., Orono 04473 or call 866-5526 or 8277019. DEAN’ LIST — Linda Nicholas, PassaS maquoddy from Pleasant Point, is on the Dean’ List for first semester at Greenfield s Community College in Western Massa chusetts, where she is enrolled in a two-year legal secretary program. She is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Nicholas -of Pleasant Point. INDIANP LCRAFT SU P IE S - For free catalog c o c c u s Page S «£tQata|0g The world's largasl Indian Crafts Catalog. Mora than 4,B O Korns O to choose tram! Trade Beads. Tin Cones. Brass Beads. Moire Taffeta | Ribbon. Ermine Skins. Bone Elk Teeth, Shawl Fringe and VSra. wt Di7 GREY OWL m n. , 4 P Indian Craft Manufacturing Co. l 150-02 Beaver Rd. Jamaica. N.Y 212 526-3660^ �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance January 1980 Quaker workshop probes Indian stereotypes by George St. John Jr. "Native Americans are an invisible people. You do not see us as we are,” said Vivian Massey, a Penobscot. Wayne Newell, Passamaquoddy, made the same point. "W e know you, but you do not know us," he told the 100 Maine teachers who came from fifty towns from Portland to Bar Harbor. They were attend ing a cultural awareness workshop last fall, sponsored by Maine Indian Program, American Friends Service Committee. It was held at Maranacook Community School in Readfteld. In order to help teachers.know Native Americans and Native American school children better, eight Indian representatives from Maine and New Brunswick led small discussion groups on Indian history, edu cation, crafts and folklore. Stereotypes in books were also discussed. Harold Clifford's ‘ Maine and Her People,’ for example, has a chapter about Indians, but the chapter is mainly about the French missionary priest Father Rasle. The only picture in the chapter shows three braves carrying off a white woman, with the caption that she is being taken to Quebec. William William son. although a good historian in many ways, writes the oddly racist sentence: "The Indian because of his lazy nature used the waterways for travel.” There have been lots o f changes in American culture since 1620, Wayne Newell pointed out, and Indians have also changed. They should be free, he believes, to select what parts o f their culture they want to preserve. Andrea Nicholas, Maliseet. made a parallel comment in discussing Indian crafts. Nicholas is teaching a course on crafts at the University o f New Brunswick. The Indian craftsman and artist today must not be expected to repeat stereotyped patterns, she said. He must have freedom to be creative and change, even though he may use patterns which derive in part from traditional designs. Darryl Nicholas, a Maliseet and educa tional consultant for Union o f New Bruns wick, described basic attitudes taught in Indian families — sharing, respect for the elderly, a non-competitive attitude toward peers, respect for the land and for nature. He mentioned Indian dislike for celebrating Columbus Day. “People say Columbus discovered America,” Nicholas observed. "Suppose I walked into a parking lot and drove off with your car, and then said, ‘ I discovered this car.’” Gary Ennis, a Maliseet, former director of Aroostook Indians Education, spoke of the failure o f schools to understand some of the problems of Native American children. In many Aroostook schools a big majority oi Native American children are absent more than half the time. Why? “How would a non-Indian child respond,” asked Ennis, “il he were called upon to name a famou; Algonquin hero?” There is often confusior of identity for Indian school children whei they face wholly non-Indian historical ma terials, said Nicholas Dow, a Penobscot. Ii the reservation sdhools there have been real gains, according to Dow, since Indian school Peter Paul, Maliseet, of Woodstock Indian Reserve in New Brunswick, holds pair of light boards have come to control education in weight snowshoes handed down in his family. Paul, a folklore expert, participated in recent the last few years. Samples o f the new conference on cultural awareness. materials for children at Indian Township and teachers. He had used some o f the • were exhibited — these are books prepared have been reprimanded for speaking Passa materials in a course offered for graduate by Wayne Newell and others which print maquoddy in the classroom. In sessions on Indian history, Nicholas' credit at Northeastern University — the tribal legends in the Passamaquoddy lan class practiced native crafts and studied guage. Children at Indian Township are Dow described and exhibited his own Penobscot history while they canoed down taught to read and use their own language at extensive materials about Maine Indians; excellent sources for high school students the Allagash River. this school, whereas years ago a child might Gail Dana, a Passamaquoddy and direc tor o f Northeast Indian Cultural Awareness Training project at University o f Maine at Orono, reported on some of the research this project has done on family life on reser vations. Children on reservations are cared for by many members of the extended family, not by parents alone, and non-In dians sometimes misunderstand what is happening to the children. Workshops for social workers have been held under Gail Dana's director in order to improve understanding o f Indian clients. Peter Paul, an Indian folklore expert from New Brunswick, told stories and played tapes o f Indian songs. Several participants called the hour with Peter Paul “the best in the day.” Participants in the workshop had an opportunity to examine resource lists and annotated bibliographies and to buy books and pamphlets. Participants included, in addition to teachers, a few school principals, Charles Rhynard, state commissioner of Indian Affairs, and six members o f the Maine Indian Program Committee, AFSC. The workshop was planned by a group of Indian and non-Indian women under the leadership o f Mary Griffith, staff worker for the Maine Indian Program. C anadian woman challenges loss of status Yvonne Bedard, a Canadian Indian woman, married a non-Indian and moved off the reservation to live with him. Several years later she left him and returned to the reservation with her two children to live in a house on property willed to her by her mother. But her marriage had cost her her standing as a "status Indian” as defined by Section 12 (1 (b) o f Canada’s Indian Act, ) and she was told to dispose o f the property and to leave the reservation. Bedard took her case to court, arguing that since the loss o f Indian status applies only to women, the law was invalid under the Canadian Bill of Rights. The Supreme Court o f Canada ruled against her 5 to 4. Last July, in a challenge of the act, 60 Indian women and children, backed by a group called Indian Rights for Indian Women, marched 100 miles from a Quebec reservation to Ottawa, where they were joined by 140 supporters. In a brief meeting with officials, including Prime Minister Joe Clark, heading the newly elected conserva tive government, and Indian Affairs Min ister Jake Epp, the group o f marchers made their demands clear — the removal of the discriminatory clause. Since 1869 Indian women who have 3TSHOT Todd Clavette, 7, of Indian Island practices at skating area cleared by Young iult Conservation Corps. Todd, son of Joe and Ava Clavette, played in a recent ice hockey married non-Indian men have been forced me at Orono pitting the Old Town Indian Mites against Bangor Mites. The Indian Mites to leave their reservations. Their children are not recognized as Indian and cannot m, 6-1. Todd’s father is coach. share in the cultural and social activities of the Indian community — even if the marriage ends, unless the woman "be comes” an Indian again by marrying a status Indian male. Previous governments have been reluctant to change section 12 (1) (b) o f the Indian Act without the support o f the National Indian Brotherhood (NIB) leadership. And the Indian leaders, who feel that the entire act is discriminatory, do not want any changes made until the act is completely revised. They assume, correctly, that the act as it now stands is an embarrassment that can be used as a political lever in negotiations over land claims, medical aid, and other issues. The new government says it is prepared to make the necessary amendments with or without the support o f the NIB. Prime Minister Clark called the problem “a disgrace to Canada.” (Reprinted from Ms. magazine) Pleasant Point AA times PLEASANT POINT — Alcoholics An onymous will hold its meetings here every Friday night at 7:30 p.tri., according to Wabanaki Corp. alcoholism counselor Ralph Dana. The meetings will be held in the elderly housing dining room. �Wabanaki Alliance January 1980 Geesoos (Moon) Page 5 Poetry gold orange orb drawing power deeper into the sky night walker bows over horizon on cycles journey we will watch our spirits rise with you so high in the sky the great night walker slowly glides by orange moon slowly turning its way across the sky walk a full painted face so round and powerful creeps over trees in golden radiance fullness of harvest shows in her face grandmother moon. Untitled I broke the flower off its stem and all the other blossoms that grew from the same root that lived from the same soil fell from their lives and the wind carried them off to their deaths and the flower in my hand wilted as they disappeated. Nancy D. Hanson Saco Untitled We dance and dart like mirror reflections of light time, space non-existant we will always be nowhere, everywhere. Red Hawk 1976 On reading “Hanta Yo” Does might make right? 1want to know the message was clear sit back, don’ fight t the millions are here. Red Hawk 1979 God Laying still, a side a willow on green moss moist, damp against your side thinking into the willow’ fingertips s crying into the mossy green because the evening sky is so clear you’ touched infinity, ve that — which is in you. Nancy D. Hanson Saco A n open le tte r to P re sid en t C a rte r Indian Island Indians are the only individuals with no rights to American soil. Have they not been robbed? Treaties with other humans o f foreign powers are upheld, yet countless treaties with peaceful Indians have not. Is there no shame? Handouts to other foreign nations are given religiously and financial loans are made without wimpering because we are humanitarians. Why then do we complain at services for other Americans (our red brothers)? We give little thought to those in the red ghetto who dwell in desolate and wasted land. Yet we helped to rebuild Japan! Shouldn’ foreign aid begin at home? t It's been said we have freedom o f religion but that too excludes the Indian. The nation acknowledges the Catholic and Protestant religions, as well as many others. Americans can pray any place they choose. They may wear any garment and they may even have churches on Indian reservations. Are Maine Indians to be feared or ignored simply because they choose to worship in Baxter Park? This is a Christian nation, yet we have wTonged many. The hardest o f criminals have a fair day in court. Why can’ the t Indian? Why only justice after death? Dishonorable conduct I love my country but it is guilty o f dis honorable conduct. Some o f our political missionaries stand up for criminals, some for refugees, some for homosexuals, and T.ikp this, Dad— Paul Dow, 8, scrim m ages on the ice at Indian Island with his father, Nick Dow. Navajo nation tackles cancer with prevention approach KENYATA, Arizona — Navajos call it “the sore that does not heal.” Cervical cancer among Navajo women has been in creasingly frequent. In an effort to fight the disease, Indians have established the Com munity Based Cancer Control Project. The project’ director, Kelly M. Rogers, s provided details of her work to Wabanaki Alliance, with the explanation: “Your sub scribers may be interested to read about the project’ novel approach to preventive s health care.” The cancer control project has no fixed base, but travels in a truck-camper outfitted to conduct exams and educational classes. “A unique aspect o f the project is the in volvement o f traditional medicine men and women, who work with program patients,” said Rogers. She said annual “retreats” are held during which traditional medicine persons meet with reservation physicians to discuss cancer and its victims. Kenyata is considered the “most tradi tional area o f the Navajo Nation,” Rogers said. The cancer project’ mobile unit s attempts to serve a 4,000 square mile area, and will try to expand the service area to 25.00 square miles by 1981. An estimated 15.000 individuals could be served, out of the total tribal membership o f 150,000. Rogers reports 1,243 patients were served in 18 months, and the “health education audience” was 9,287. Kenyata Health Care Corp., non-profit, has six staff members and five investigators. It is funded until 1981 by a National Cancer Institute grant o f $116,421, plus a Com munity Development award of $36,315. Ind ia n C o o ke ry OLD-FASHIONED INDIAN STYLE others quietly sit down and allow prayer to [PENOBSCOT] HULLED CORN be taken out of our schools. Time might be Vi peck yellow corn whole (chicken teed better spent if politicians would get on corn) soak overnight “fire" for peaceful Indians, the true 2 lbs. yellow eyed beans (soak overnight) ALCOHOLISM COUNSELORS Americans. 2 lbs. salt pork (parboiled) Maine Indian Alcoholism Program is Some o f our senior citizens and friends Cheesecloth of wood ashes tied into a bag seeking an Alcoholism Counselor to work have no more time for waiting . . . they died. (wood ash is the lye that tenderizes the in Pleasant Point, Perry area. Main func Some waited in silence, some in trust, some corn) tion o f counselor will facilitate the rec in prayer, some with hope, some in dispair Soak corn overnight. Also soak beans overy o f alcoholics and their families and bitterness. overnight. Next day drain water from both from alcoholism. Counselors will provide When my nation breaks a promise by foods. Put clear water into corn pot then let therapeutic plan for clients, provide lying or stealing, it represents, "m e” and I boil for about 1 hr. and add the tied bag of individual, marital and group counseling resent it! wood ashes, boil over medium stove tor 3 therapy to clients undergoing detoxifica All of this Indian land which the nation hours then drain. Wash thoroughly and put tion. Provide important assets, but not acquired in dishonor . . . has it not been in clear water and boil again about V? hour necessary. Experience as a recovering profitable? Let’ then share the wealth and s then add the beans and the salt pork, let alcoholic important asset. Send resume the land. Let’ make clean the name s cook until beans, corn, pork is tender. Salt to EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, WABAmerica. pork can be boiled anytime and drained ANAKI CORPORATION, 93 Main St., I have spoken. while preparing the corn and beans. Timing Orono, Maine 04473. Helen Becker is very important in cooking this dish so as not to overcook each item. I never timed myself but I am only giving a rough idea of time. Experience is the best teacher. Dorn will be built despite Cherokee protest An Indian dish Judge according to size of family: grounds resulting from the dam project 1 4 pounds to 2 pounds tripe cut to V A Federal district judge ruled that “had no coercive effect on plaintiffs’ religi bite-size; parboiled in salted water for about completing the Tennessee Valley Authority’ s ous beliefs or practices.” one hour: to kill smell, drain. Put in clear Tellico Dam did not infringe on the Consti The Cherokees had argued that creation water to boil. Parboil salt pork as in above tutional rights o f the Cherokee Indians and of the reservoir would interfere with recipe. The put into tripe pot and let cook denied an injunction that would stop com religious ceremonies still practiced in the for about 2 hours. Open a few large cans of pletion o f the project. area and would cover sacred homelands of yellow hominy (drain juice) and then add Judge Robert Taylor said he could not their ancestors. TV A lawyers contended hominy to the tripe pot and let cook until understand why the Cherokees had waited Indians had waited too long to challenge the tripe is tender. Salt and pepper to taste. project and do not actively practice their to file suit until after more than $111 million Ready to eat. had been spent on the project. He said that religion in the Little Tennessee Valley to be Submitted by Apid Nelson (Winifred the flooding of ancient Indian burial flooded. January) Penobscot, Canoga Park, Ca. �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance January 1980 U.S. policy and Jay Treaty rights: 1 by James D. Wherry and Dawn Kirlin In Northern Maine, Maliseet aboriginal territory has been bisected by the interna tional border bet ween the United States and Canada. Maliseet aboriginal territory con sisted of the entire region drained by the Saint John River in Maine and New Bruns wick. All scholarly opinion has been in agreement including the most recent render ing of Maliseet Tribal Territory published in the new Handbook of North American Indians, Maliseet communities have existed and exist today on both sides o f the international boundary. Since the fourth quarter o f the nineteenth century, the Maliseets living in Maine have been joined by their Micmac brothers from Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Since the turn of the twentieth century, Maliseet and Micmacs in Maine and Canada have found travel across the international boundary increasingly difficult. Until the decade o f the 1870's, it was traditional for the Maliseets to disperse to their family hunting territories during the winter months. Because o f outside pres sures, the traditional economy collapsed and Maliseets began to follow economic pursuits that were based on more sedentary types of activities. As a result of this change, the Houlton Band of Maliseets emerged from the family hunting groups of Aroostook County during the decade o f the 1870’ s. Although a separate band, the Houlton Maliseets have maintained strong ethnic and cultural ties with their brothers in New Brunswick. Speaking the same language and continuing the practice o f intermarriage between bands has kept those ties strong despite the problems created by an inter national boundary. Quixotic regulations As travel and commerce between their communities has become more restricted, Maliseets and Micmacs have seen a pro liferation of quixotic regulations in each country designed to define legally who is Indian. As few o f these regulations have had little to do with the Indian definition o f who is Maliseet or Micmac, the legal definition of Indian status in each country has diverged. The practical effect of this divergence, has come to mean that any individual legally defined as an Indian in one Maliseet or Micmac community, may not be legally defined as an Indian person in a Maliseet or Micmac community across the international boundary. Indian people seem to have a strong awareness of the Jay Treaty and that they are provided with some rights by that treaty. Often, this awareness is expressed in rather unsophisticated terms. Usually, the belief expressed by Indian people on this subject is that they possess “dual-citizenship" — only slightly less common is the sentiment that they are “citizens o f North America.” When the practical reality o f contacts with immi gration and customs officials or representa tives o f a social service agency is encounter ed by Indian people, they often feel cheated out of their basic rights as Native American people. The Indian people feel cheated because United States and Canadian practice falls considerably short o f the provisions pro vided by the Jay Treaty of 1794. Article III o f the Jay Treaty states: “It is agreed that it shall at all times be free to his Majesty’ subjects, and to the s citizens o f the United States, and also to the Indians dwelling on either side o f the said boundary line, freely to pass and repass by land or inland navigation, into the respective territories and countries of the two parties, on the Continent of America (the country within the limits of the Company only excepted) and to navigate all the lakes, river and waters thereof, and freely to carry on trade and commerce with each other. No duty of entry shall ever be levied by either party, on peltroes brought by land, or inland navigation into the said territories re spectively, nor shall the Indians passing or repassing with their own proper goods and effects of whatever nature, pay for the same any import or duty whatever. Goods in bales, or other large packages, unusual among Indians shall not be con sidered as goods belonging bona fide to Indians.” Errors of omission The Canadian government’ response to s the question o f Jay Treaty rights is simple. The Supreme Court o f Canada ruled in 1956 that Article III o f the Jay Treaty and Article IX o f the Trtfaty o f Ghent (which would have reinstated the Jay Treaty after the War of 1812) are not applicable in Canada, since Canadian Legislation has not been passed to implement or sanction the provisions o f the Treaty. Treaty. This view of Canadian Law makes Indians subject to the provisions o f the Im migration Act and Regulations in the same manner as all other persons wishing to enter • Canada. The United States has taken a different view o f Jay Treaty rights. Generally, American officials have tended towards an acknowledgement o f the Jay Treaty rights of North American Indians. A review o f the relevent American policy decisions suggests that American policy makers have not taken action to restrict Jay Treaty rights. In those areas where American law has come to restrict aspects o f Indian rights provided by the Jay Treaty, those restrictions occur by inadvertent omissions made by U.S. policy makers. An important example o f this type o f restriction by omission occurs with the provision o f the Jay Treaty relating to duties. These provisions were incorporated into the language o f the various tariff acts until the Tariff Act o f 1897, when the provisions relating to Indian customs exemptions were omitted. In legislating this change, there is no direct evidence to suggest that Congress intended to restrict the Jay Treaty rights of North American Indians. Congress effec tively restricted those rights by omitting an Indian exemption to the 1897 Tariff Legis lation. This restriction by omission has yet to be effectively challenged, although it is currently under review by a special com mittee established by the U.S. Customs Service. One case where a U.S. restriction by omission was effectively challenged occurred in the 1928 McCandless Judgment. The background to this case began in 1924, with the passage o f the Immigration Act which provided that no alien ineligible for citizen ship shall be admitted to the U.S. as an im migrant. In 1924 also. Congress passed the Indian Citizenship Act which extended citizenship to “All non-citizen Indians born within the territorial limits o f the United States . . . ” Immigration officials interpret ed these two acts to mean that Canadianborn Indians were inadmissable as a race ineligible for citizenship and began deport ing them to Canada. The McCandless decision resulted in an effective challenge to these deportations and led to Congressional passage o f the Act o f April 2, 1928: Edward T. Gignoux’ opinion given in s Akins v. Saxbe. After Colwell was advised by the Attorney General’ office of the Akins s decision, he rescinded his orders o f August 11th and orderded that, “Migrant farm laborers from Canada who are 50% Indian, would meet the criteria o f Section 2205.” Colwell also ordered that possession o f a Canadian Band number would be sufficient proof o f Indian status. No problems had arisen in regards to migrant Canadian “That the Immigration Act o f 1924 shall not be construed to apply to the right o f American Indians born in Canada to pass the borders o f the United States: Provided that this right shall not extend to persons whose membership in Indian Tribes or families is created by adoption.” The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) chose a narrow application of this right and continued to deport Canadian-bom Indians while not excluding their entry into the United States. The narrow view held by the INS in relation to the Jay Treaty continued until 1952. In that year Congress produced a re affirmation o f the border rights of Indians in the provisions o f the Immigration and Nationality Act which stated: "Nothing in this Title shall be construed to affect the right o f American Indians bom in Canada to pass the borders o f the United States, but such right shall extend only to persons who possess at least 50 percentum o f blood o f the American Indian Race.” The INS continued to require that Cana dian-born Indians file post-entry alien registration. This policy was continued by the INS until 1974, when three Canadian-born Maliseets and Micmacs successfully chal lenged this policy. The federal district court o f Maine decided in Akins V, Saxbe that North American Indians, bom in Canada, were exempt from registration and visa requirements. HUNGRY H TT.T, was the unofficial name for an are lived. The name was descriptive. In this 1956 pho Florence [Deveau] Sappier, left, Sara Phillips, bac Bessie Tomah. [Photo courtesy James Wherry and I Indians receiving food stamps until October 1979. Successful challenge As a direct result o f the Akins case, the Social Security administration changed its manual to allow American Indians bom in Canada to acquire Social Security numbers and in 1978, Ralph Colwell, Director of the Maine Food Program, ordered that “Can adian Indians residing in Maine shall be considered to have satisfied” residency requirements. As will be seen from the following section, controversy over the food stamp program continues. The origin o f this controversy stems from an Aug. 11, 1978 memo from Ralph Colwell which stated that migrant Canadian-bom Indians were to be denied food stamps. Colwell's order was challenged effectively by attorneys working for the Farmworker Unit o f Pine Tree Legal Assistance. Pine Tree’s challenge was based strongly on Judge On Oct. 5, 1979, Gerald McCarthy, regional manager o f Maine Food Stamp Certification Office in Houlton, was quoted in an article in the Bangor Daily News as stating: “ Between 150 and 200 migrant Can adian Indian families received Fed eral Food Stamps in Aroostook County last month (September) . . .” The article went on to explain the eligibility of Canadian-born Indian families. Then, on Oct. 1 1979, Mona Blanchard, welfare 0, director in Presque Isle, expressed dissatis faction with McCarthy’ figures in an article s published in the Aroostook Republican. Blanchard was quoted as expressing the opinion that McCarthy’ count o f the s number of Canadian-bom Indians was much too low. Without being able to ground �Wabanaki Alliance January 1980 Page 7 5 The view from northern Maine her statements in valid statistical figures, Blanchard resorted to innuendoes to suggest that American people are being “rippedo ff by Canadian-born Indian migrant workers. Blanchard states that: The whole food stamp program is a rip-off because the right people aren’ t getting the assistance all the time. The migrant workers are getting three times as many food stamps as our own people.” well below the figures originally provided by McCarthy. Blanchard ended her attack on Indian people with the warning: “The Attorney General’ Office had s better take a closer look at this situa tion.” In an article in the Aroostook Republic can, dated Nov. 1 1979, Jane Russell 4, stated that, A thorough investigation of the eligibility and certification o f Canadian migrant Indian workers for General Assist ance by a Federal Agency has been requested by a U.S. Congresswoman." U.S. Rep. Olympia Snowe has requested the Food and Nutrition Service o f the United States Department o f Agriculture to explain what the Canadian Indian eligibility is for general assistance and food stamps, and to clarify initial certification o f the food stamp applicants. At this writing, the public furor begun by Blanchard’ attack on Indian s people remains unsolved, but it typifies the situation commonly faced by Indian people m Aroostook County. Maliseet loses job an area of Houlton where Maliseet Indians 56 photo, a pleasant moment is shared by >s, background, Sarah [Atwin] Tomah and and University o f New Brunswick archives] Attacking Indians Going beyond innuendoes, Mona Blan chard also found it possible to attack Indian people: In one week, the Association o f Aroos took Indian’ office in Caribou reported s 40 migrants to General Assistance, and the Houlton Indian Affairs Office re ferred 45 migrants to General Assist ance.” Blanchard claimed that last fall the Caribou Indian Affairs office alone had reported some 500 migrant Indian workers to the Presque Isle General Assistance Office. Besides the fact that there is no Indian Affairs Office in Caribou, Blanchard has never contacted a single Indian service agency to obtain her bogus figures. The fact is that the number o f referrals from Indian service agencies in Aroostook County fall The most recent case that has come to produce a restriction o f Indian Jay Treaty Rights by a policy commission has occurred with the firing o f Charles Bernard, a Cana dian-born Maliseet Indian. On July 7, 1979, Bernard was terminated from his position as a cashier/sales store checker at Loring Air Force Base commissary. Bernard, first, received a CETA slot to work at the Base Commissary o f Loring Air Force Base. Because his superiors found his work to be satisfactory, he was recommended to take the Civil Service exam. In December 1977, on his Civil Service Application, Bernard correctly gave his birthplace as being New Brunswick, Canada. The Civil Service appli cation also asks whether he was a citizen of the United States. Bernard, believing by virture of the Jay Treaty that his native American citizenship was tantamount to American as well as Canadian citizenship checked the box marked “yes.” Following that, Bernard began working at the base commissary in June 1978. He was a parttime employee in the position o f Cashier (GS4) working up to 39 hours per week. In April 1979, Bernard began training as assistant head cashier (GS6) and assumed the duties of assistant head cashier while receiving pay at (GS4). His superiors commended him for the quality o f his work and in July 1979 he was to be promoted ahead o f several non-Indian cashiers with greater seniority. Reportedly, complaints were filed from this quarter. These com plaints did not address themselves to Bernard's upcoming promotion, but they argued that Bernard’ Canadian birth s should prohibit his employment with the federal service. Consequently, Bernard was terminated July 7 1979. , Oddly, this most recent restriction o f Jay Treaty rights o f North American Indians stems from a U.S. Supreme Court ruling that had nothing to do with Indian people. In Hampton vs. Mow Sun Wong, 1976, the Supreme Court ruled an individual’ alien s status could not be used to prohibit their employment in federal service unless the Executive Branch ordered the exclusion of aliens from employment in federal service. On Sept. 2, 1976, the Ford administration responded directly to the Supreme Court ruling with an executive order which stated that, “ No person shall be admitted to competitive examination unless such a person is a citizen or national o f the United States.” A special status ITEM: In 1976, a Canadian-born Mali seet woman who previously lived in the Caribou area, and who married a man in the United States Air Force, moved with her husband on his transfer to Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota. After moving to North Dakota, Immigration officials threatened to deport her and her children by a previous marriage. This action by Immigration officials in North Dakota was averted by the quick action o f the Houlton office of the State Department o f Indian Affairs, which verified her Indian status. Although directed at excluding aliens from employment in the federal service, the executive order is being used to restrict Jay Treaty rights. Bernard was terminated from his position at Loring Air Force Base ITEM: In July 1979, an elderly Canadiancommissary because he did not meet the born Micmac Indian was seeking social U.S. citizenship requirements. Throughout security benefits. Before the Presque Isle the history o f this nation, the native Ameri Social Security office would even give him can citizen — irrespective o f his birthplace an application. Dawn Kirlin, o f the Houlton in North America — has occupied a special Department o f Indian Affairs office, had to status. That status cannot properly be said forward a copy o f the Jay Treaty, a letter to fall within either the category o f “citizen” verifying this man’ Indian status, and a s or alien.' As the executive order now letter explaining the eligibility o f Canadianreads. Canadian-born native Americans are born Indians. This case was successfully relegated to the same restricted treatment in resolved. Federal employment as are “aliens." Ap ITEM: Individual Customs and Immigra peals on Bernard’ case may now have s reached a moot point. If the language o f the tion officials at the Houlton border crossing executive order remains unchanged. Jay continue to express widely varying opinions in relation to Jay Treaty rights. For example, Treaty rights will once again be restricted — not by an affirmative policy action, but by one officer might offer the opinion that: All Canadian-born citizens living in an inadvertent omission o f a clear policy the U.S., and that includes Indians, statement. must file their Alien Renewal Card each January.” Many misconceptions OR: TTiis set o f responses is representative of the full range o f misconceptions that Indian people encounter when they cross the Inter national boundary. Clearly, Customs and Immigration officials have not been made aware o f a clear policy statement on Indian rights. Generations o f Maliseet people have seen their aboriginal homeland bisected by an International Boundary imposed on them by the descendants o f European immigrants. The Jay Treaty of 1794 was at least partly designed to ensure them unrestricted use o f their homeland. The U.S. and Canada have chosen to apply their own political defini tions to the concept o f “ Indian-ness.” As the meaning o f these political definitions has changed, the Maliseets have become a divided people. As provisions o f the Jay Treaty (designed to ensure a cultural unity) have been restricted — by the inadvertent omission o f policy statements designed to guarantee the intent o f the Jay Treaty — Indian people have come to face border encounters with increasing confusion and apprehension. The following represents a few examples to illustrate the problems encountered by Insians in relations with “officialdom” and the general state o f confusion associated with Jay Treaty rights: ITEM: Welfare Directors throughout the State o f Maine used to summarily ship Canadian-born Indians back across the border when Indians would appear at town welfare offices. Welfare directors through out Maine continue to suggest that Maliseet and Micmac Indians seeking town assist ance can be sent back to Canada. Con tinually, welfare directors must be reminded by the state Department o f Indian Affairs office and Indian groups o f the illegality o f such an action. If Canadian-born Indians are going to work in the U.S. they must file for their Alien Card. If they are not going to work, they do not need an Alien Card.” OR: “ We don’ require Canadian-born In t dians to file in January o f each year, but we want the Indians to carry their Alien Cards with them to prove their Indian status. For Indians, we call them their “Indian Cards." OR: “We don’ require Canadian-born In t dians to carry alien cards anymore, but we do want them to have their band number cards. We call these cards, their "Indian Cards.” OR: I know all the Indians around here and I don't ask to see anything.” EDITOR’ NOTE: James Wherry is a S historian working for the Association of Aroostook Indians. Dawn Kirlin is in charge o f the state Department o f Indian Affairs office in Houlton. Untitled Goodbye to the grey people in their palaces with misshapen noses to direct them. Their obese asses in big cars how they pamper themselves drinking, yakking, cursing, ' puffing smoke in the grimy city they belch o f garbage hoarding money is habit and bragging of possessions and their costs (which is more than they'll ever know) the grey machines, machinery o f U.S. A. Red Hawk 1974 �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance January 1980 Indian religion before missionaries by Charley Colcord Chief Sealth (later corrupted to Seattle bywhites) is my favorite prophet. Especially when he predicts the passing of the whites. If 1 sound bitter, it’ because I am. s Take "The Great Spirit” for instance. The Great Spirit is an invention of white missionaries. The Indian did not believe in any "Great Spirit.” He was not a mono theist, but rather a pantheist. “The basic idea o f Christianity — immor tality, with conduct during life determining the reward or punishment o f the soul — was incomprehensible to the aborigines, who had but little thought for the hereafter and did not mix their ethics with their religion. Moral principles of good and evil were not sharply defined and the ideas of any such spirit abode as a “happy hunting ground,” or an Indian hell, were foreign to native thought until the idea was implanted in some sections by white missionaries. Dreams or visions, induced by fasting or drugs, wherein he regularly saw and spoke with individuals known to be dead, were ample proof to the Indian o f the existence of a soul and an afterlife. Offerings placed with the dead were a manifestation o f this belief. The souls o f the dead, however, were usually feared and frequently extreme measures were taken in attempts to prevent their return. Neither did Indians clearly comprehend the idea of a personified ruling deity. The loosely organized democratic tribes of America were unacquainted with a highly centralized type o f government. Therefore, the political analogy o f a ruling god was not easy for them to comprehend. The religion of the Indian was entirely practical and was designed to help him, not in the future, but in the immediate present. Thus, when the Indian thought himself . plagued by an evil spirit, the obvious way to rid himself o f his difficulty was to propitiate that spirit with offerings. His attention was thus fixed equally upon friendly and un friendly forces. The missionaries, of course, interpreted this attitude as a worship o f the devil. Underlying, all this was the somewhat mystic conception o f an impersonal super natural force which permeates all Nature and animates all phenomena which control the destiny o f man. This force is called Manito by the Algonquian, Pokunt by the Shoshoni, Orenda by the Iroquois, and K’ tahando by the Penobscots. It might be described as akin to the life principle. Early white mis sionaries, not comprehending the real nature of this idea, usually translated it as "The Great Spirit.” This life force naturally permeated rocks and trees and all wild life making them equally holy and sacred to the Indian. Eventually he evolved a pantheon o f eleven demi-gods who controlled the universe. According to Paul A. Wallace o f the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Com mission, “The first four were the gods o f the four directions: This life force gave the four quarters o f the earth and the winds that came from them to four powerful beings, or MANITOWUK, namely, Our Grandfather Where Daylight Begins, Our Grandmother Where It Is Warm, Our Grandfather Where The Sun Goes Down, and Our Grandfather Where It is Winter. To the Sun and the Moon, regarded as persons and addressed as Elder Brothers by the Indian, he gave the duty o f providing light; and to our Elder Brothers the Thunders, man-like beings with wings, the task o f watering the crops, and o f protecting the people against the Great Homed Serpents and other water monsters. To the Living Solid Face, or Mask Being, was given charge o f all wild animals; to the Com Spirit, control over all vegetation and growing things, while Our Mother, the Earth, received the task o f carrying and feeding the people.” As the Shawnee Chief Kakowatchiky ex plained it to Count Zinzendorf in 1742: “The difference between the Indian’s religion and the white man’ is: the Indian s has his in his heart while the white man has his on his lips.” The Indian’ best thought has been s handed down, not in creeds and formulas, but in myths, symbols, and customs which still, in spite o f every sort of corruption, show .clearly what they meant when they began. Indian Prayer 0 great Spirit, whose voice I hear in the winds, and whose breath gives life to all the world, hear me! 1 am small and weak; I need your strength and wisdom, Let we walk in beauty, and make my eyes ever behold the red and purple sunset. Make my hands respect the things you have made and my ears sharp to hear your voice. Make me wise so that I may understand the things you have taught my people. Let me learn the lessons you have hidden in every leaf and rock. I seek strength, not to be greater than my brother, but to fight my greatest enemy — Myself. Make me always ready to come to you with clean hands and stright eyes. So when life fades, as the fading sunset, may my spirit come to you without shame. I : ' ’’f-V;: S v v»^ i n I I I . ' "M r 1 n?mm t m jt g f t g H if : 4> m uuc PRAYING IN PASSAMAQUODDY— St. Ann’ Catholic Church at Indian Township, is s the setting for the Lord’s Prayer in the native language. Years ago, priests and nuns forbade speaking in Passam aquoddy at reservation schools, but that has all changed. Island court settles into routine INDIAN ISLAND — Although Penob scot tribal court breaks new ground with every decision, its second session, held this month, passed with little notice. Only three cases were on the docket. Scott S. Kibler failed to appear. A warrant was issued for his arrest. Joseph Peter Loring appeared on a charge o f operating a motorcycle without a license. He pleaded guilty and was sentenced by Judge Andrew Mead to perform eight hours or less or work under supervision o f Indian Island Police. Eloise Francis pleaded not guilty to a dis orderly conduct charge and was fined SI5. In other court business, Edward Paul, was put on notice that a $15 fine imposed at the last session would become delinquent at the end of the day and that a warrant would be issued for his arrest. The fine was paid without further action. Pending the issuance o f an arrest warrant by Judge Mead, no action was taken in the case of Stanley Neptune, who failed to appear at the first tribal court session in December. A session scheduled for late January was cancelled due to the absence of any cases. The next tribal court session is to be held on Feb. 6 . Water policy decision announced WASHINGTON — U.S. Interior Secreretary for Indian Affairs Forest Gerard recently announced a policy decision gov erning the procedures for planning Indian water projects. The new policy will provide for a more appropriate analysis of water development projects on Indian lands as part o f the im plementation of the Principles and Stand ards for Planning Water and Related Land Resources of the Water Resources Council. Under the policy, economic effects of water projects on Indians will be calculated and will be considered along with national economic and environmental quality effects. This information will aid the Secretary in U.S. to buy religious sites for Indians determining whether such projects merit order to protect the land for future cere departmental approval. In addition, this WASHINGTON — Secretary of the monial use. new policy requires, for the first time, an Interior Cecil D. Andrus said he approves The land will be placed in trust status, assessment by the affected tribe o f the the purchase by the U.S. o f 120 acres o f land extent to which a particular project does or at Bear Butte, South Dakota, for use by the specifically purchased for the CheyenneArapahoe Tribes o f Oklahoma and the does not contribute to the social well-being Cheyenne and Arapahoe tribes. Northern Cheyenne Tribes of Montana, with of the tribe. The assessment includes demo Bear Butte has religious significance for a reserved right for access o f other Indians graphic effects on the reservation, effects on these and other Plains tribes. for whom the area has traditional, religious The land will be purchased with funds sacred sites, fish and wildlife habitats and significance. on archaelogical and historical sites. donated, by the private sector, to the Bureau Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs of Indian Affairs for unspecified purposes. Secretary Andrus said the policy was a Forrest J. Gerard said, “the purchase of Bear Butte is a lone mountain located on a direct result of President Carter’ Water s prairie near Sturgis, South Dakota. It is these lands for the Cheyennes and ArapaPolicy message of June 6, 1978. In his generally thought that it was named after hoes will preserve their right to worship in message, Carter strongly favored a nego the likeness this mountain has to a bear their sacred grounds. We are moving to tiated process to settle Indian water claims. sleeping on his belly, with the head to the insure the cultural heritage of these tribes, However, efforts to pursue negotiated settle for today’s members as well as future east and the rump to the west. ments have been hampered because the current water planning procedures as Bear Butte is considered the site o f the generations." The Congressional delegations of South origin of the Cheyenne religion, between applied have not embodied adequate recog seven hundred and three thousand years Dakota, Montana, and Oklahoma have all nition of the trust relationship that exists between Indian tribes and the Federal ago. It is still used as a sacred place to requested the Interior Department to approve and purchase the property. Local worship. Government. The current owner of the land has allowed entities, such as the Sturgis Chamber of Assistant Secretary Gerard said: “This Indians access to the land for ceremonial Commerce, have also recommended the new policy should not only help to purposes. Now he is ready to sell the land in U.S. purchase of the land for the Indians. encourage water rights talks in many areas o f the country, but will also help to correct a long-standing inequity." Gerard said that "comparisons of median income and unemployment statistics clearly show that Indian tribes have not shared in the increasing wealth o f our Nation equally with others over the years. I feel that this new Interior policy is a major step toward bringing President Carter’ call for the s maintenance o f Indian reservations as 'per manent tribal homelands’closer to reality.” Alaska group to explore for minerals GENEVA, 1 1 — 1. Belden Corp. has entered the Ahtna Joint Venture, a mineral exploration and development group operat ing on more than two million acres in south central Alaska. Participating with Belden are Conoco Inc., Denver, Col., GCO Minerals Company of Houston, Tex., and Ahtna Minerals Company, Inc. of Alaska. Ahtna Minerals is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ahtna, Inc., a native regional corporation formed under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. The mineral venture was organized in 1977 to assist the Ahtna Indian group in evaluating lands for selection under the Settlement Act. This Act entitles native corporations to select lands for their exclu sive use. The joint venture group will select target areas for potential mineral development. Belden, Conoco, and GCO Minerals are entitled to participate with Ahtna Minerals in subsequent mine development in the selected areas. �Wabanaki Alliance January 1980 Page 9 Going back to college at 39 easier than expected DOVER-FOXCROFT — Like a visit to the dentist, the worst part o f returning to school as an adult is probably anticipation. Anyway, that’ how it is for Linda Phillips, s 39-year-old mother of three and a Penobscot tribal member. Phillips attends University of Maine at Orono. along with her son Anthony, and she is majoring in social studies at the education department. She plans to teach at the junior high, or high school level, when she graduates this December — or the following spring. A cheerful, youthful and energetic wo man, Phillips says by far the worst part of attending UMO is the commuting, about an hour each way, from her home in DoverFoxcroft. She is a full time student, although when she first returned to school in spring 1976, she started with night classes. “The driving is such a pain,” she said. How did it all start? Phillips has worked as a secretary and as a teacher aide. Her work was just plain “boring” a lot o f the time, and one day she spotted an advertise ment that said. “Today is the first day o f the rest o f your life.” “ I know it sounds corny.” she said. But that ad got her moving. She quit her job, and then wondered what to do. Now she enjoys school so much she says, “ I just might be a student forever.” Phillips, with a 3.4 grade point average, has been named to Kappa Delta Pi. the National Education Honor Society. Her husband, Butch, also Penobscot, is proud of her, and fully supports her return to school. It hasn’ all been a breeze. “The first time t someone said part o f the requirement was a termpaper, I though I was going to die. But I managed," Phillips said. “ I guess the best part is knowing I could make it. When I went back I was 35.1 didn’ t intend to get a degree.” She changed her mind after trying it: “Hey, look at me, I said.” Phillips said she is not uncomfortable with younger people in her classes. “ If it bothers them, that’ their problem. I don’ s t Linda Phillips at UMO. Origin of the Old and New political parties BANGOR — Two articles that reveal the origin of Indian Island tribal government appeared in the Bangor Daily Whig and Courier 140 years ago. The first item, appearing Dec. 14, 1837, is an open letter from Joseph Polis, a Penob scot councilman and Old Party supporter of Penobscot tribal Gov. Joseph Attean and Lt. Gov. John Neptune. In the letter Polis pleads the case for maintaining the old system of having the governor serve for life, at Indian Island. The second article, appearing Mar. 1 , 1838, records Maine Legislature proceed ings on whether to allocate $1,000 for a convention to be held at Indian Island to choose a new governor and lieutenant governor. The convention was eventually held, at which a federation o f Penobscots, Passmaquoddies, and Maliseets chose to appoint New Party candidates Tomah Sockalexis, and Attean Orson, governor and lieutenant governor, respectively. The action temporarily interrupted Attean and Nep tune’ life terms. About ten years later s Attean and Neptune regained their seats. Old Town, Dec. 13, 1837 TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN. Be it known that in Sept. 1837, five Indians o f the Penobscot tribe met with a great many Indians in Canada, seven hundred in number and held a talk — some Indians from the Penobscot tribe say they want a new Governor and some say no — and we there were two parties, the young men and the old — the old wished to remain as they are — the young wished to have a new election o f officers to give more vigor and energy to the affairs of the tribe. — They wish to have free schools established, and for that purpose to elect officers who will be in favour o f free schools. “Mr. Webster said he had no objection to the tribe choosing their rulers once a month if they chose, but he thought it wrong for 30 or 40 young men to be permitted to have this money for electing a governor. The money belonged to all members o f the tribe in common. The Governor and Council have already appropriated $250 for education Preceedings of Legislature among the tribe the present year. (a state representative from Orono) “ Mr. Tenney was opposed to the in “On motion of Mr. Webster, (a state — representative from Orono) resolve allowing definite postponement ; he said he heard the statement of the delegation before the Penobscot Indians $1,000 (for a convention at Old Town, to choose a Governor and Lt. Judiciary Committee — they sayd they live Governor) yesterday passed to be engrossed, in the midst o f a Republican Government, was reconsidered. Mr. Webster moved and they wish to have their rulers elected for life. They wish to have education encour indefinite postponement. Reason called for. “Mr. Webster said they now have a aged — to have agriculture established — to Governor and Lt. Governor — this would be have their own farms and cultivate them like a great and unnecessary expense coming out civilized men. The forests have disappeared o f the Indian fund — a delegation came on around them — they can no longer live by last night who want $1,000 or $1,500 to buy hunting — and we ought to aid them in food. The grant Mr. W. said would do them cultivating the arts o f civilized life. "Mr. Webster withdrew his motion to good — but the grant proposed in the postpone and moved to lay on the table till resolve with be throwing away money. to-morrow; agreed to.” “Mr. Hamlin (state representative from Editor’s Note: The above historical Hampden, later Lincoln’ first vice presi s dent) opposed the motion — he said he had material was provided by Dr. Douglas Glanville o f Orono, president o f the Orono investigated the subject — the Indians Historical Society. wished to choose rulers for a limited time — talk — and a great man o f the Canadian Indians say that old laws best which God gave us, and Penobscot tribe must not have a new Governor. Indians begin to change Governor every year or every five years, by and by they want to change every day and keep quarreling all the time — no use o f that. White men change their Governor because they can read — they know a good deal; but Indians can’ read, they must not t change their Governor, he must remain through life — all Indians must keep old laws in the east and in the west. Joseph Polis know if my son minds or not. but if he does that’ his problem.” s Phillips grew up on Indian Island, attending school there, and later attending St. Mary’ School in Old Town, and St. s Mary’ in Orono, a building that now houses s offices including this newspaper. She grad uated from Old Town High in 1958. and briefly attended Husson College in Bangor, training to be a legal secretary. Her Husson career ended when a Navy recruiter persuaded her, and another stu dent. to come to Washington, D.C. to work. She worked as a secretary-stenographer for a year, and by this time had married Reuben (Butch) Phillips, w'ho was then in the Armed Forces. Later, in Maine, Phillips tutored students, and was a library volunteer. She is interested in Indian history, and contemplates teaching about Maine Indians in social studies. She said she was shocked that a course she is now taking, called North American Indian Ethnology, will leave out northeastern Indians. She has mentioned the matter to the instructor. Also enrolled in the course are fellow Penobscots, Nick Dow, and Paul Francis Jr. Besides Anthony, a UMO freshman. Phillips has two other sons; Mark, a sopho more at Foxcroft Academy, and Scott, a Foxcroft junior who plans to attend UMO. Linda Phillips is on the Dean’ List. s Mills gets slot with Indian Affairs WASHINGTON — Secretary of the lni<ii'>i Civil D Andrus announced the appointment o f Sidney I . Mills as acting deputy assistant secretary for Indian Af fairs. The appointment became effective Jan. 19, when Assistant Secretary Forrest J. Gerard left the department. Gerard quit his job Dec. 1 to return to 1 private business. Andrus said the Mills appointment was made to insure that programs, such as the Bureau of Indian Affairs management pro ject, continue without interruption for the remainder of this Administration. Andrus said his primary concern was that on-going programs to Indians are not interrupted. “We are committed to assuring continuity in policy making for Indian Affairs.” he said. Mills, an enrolled member of the Oglala Sioux Tribe, has been serving as the Acting Deputy Commissioner of Indian Affairs since July 30. 1979. He has also served as the Albuquerque Area Director and as the Executive Assistant to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Township mon gets four-year sentence BANGOR — A Passamaquoddy man from Indian Township has been sentenced to four years in a federal rehabilitation center at Lexing ton, Kentucky, in recent court action here. Stephen Sabattus, 21, was convicted of as saulting another Township man, Gordon Newell, Oct. 27, 1979. Under newly estab lished federal jurisdiction over Indian country, Sabattus had been turned over to FBI agents following his arrest by tribal police. The presiding justice in Bangor's federal district court was Judge Edward T. Gignoux. Gignoux recommended Sabattus undergo treatment for alcoholism while serving time. NCAI names new director The National Congress o f American In dians has hired a new director, Ronald P. Andrade. 32. He started on Jan. 2. Andrade was the former executive director for the Native American Student Alliance in San Diego, Calfornia. �Page 10 W abanaki Alliance January 1980 AAI opposes end to Indian Affairs (Continued from page 1 ) “Our local D1A Office has supplied services such as transportation, emergency food, fuel and housing and assistance with medical needs. The local office has also assisted those members o f my community who find the regulations that come with the benefits of modern American life difficult to understand and work with. The Houlton Office helps with income tax questions, licensing requirements, and government assistance applications. The DIA has helped us in many ways, from locating scholarship sources to making the holiday season more joyous for needy families through the giving o f Christmas baskets.” A fact sheet circulated by AAI declares that DIA has assisted Micmacs and Maliseets with emergency food, clothing and housing; transportation; income tax and licensing; Indian status and band numbers; medical services; migrant farm work; scholarships; Christmas baskets; Camp Karawanee; and as “go-between” with gov ernment bureaucracy. Micmacs and Maliseets in Maine have few o f the benefits available to Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes. Those tribes are federally recognized, and eligible for several million in U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs and Indian Health Service aid. Dawn B. Kirlin, a veteran o f many year? working with both AAI and DIA, heads the Houlton DIA office. -She said she has more than 700 client files, mostly “active.” She has worked at the office since it opened in Oct. 1973. (The Department o f Indian Affairs was started in 1965 by Gov. John Reed.) On the day Wabanaki Alliance visited the Union Square DIA office in Houlton, Kirlin said, "This is our slowest time o f year. Today we had 43 phone calls and 13 office visits.” She said she is busiest during migrant labor seasons, such as blueberry harvesting and potato picking. Kirlin said her office helps Indians with everything from a quick sandwich (“Nobody goes away hungry”)to slightly damaged fur niture donated by Dunn Company o f Houl ton. Yet Kirlin admits DIA in Houlton is a referral agency, and not primarily involved in direct services. "W e work with Aroostook Mental Health, and we work with Social Security. A lot of people just aren’ aware o f their benefits,” t Kirlin said. She became office manager in April 1978, succeeding Terry Polchies, Maliseet who is now acting director o f AAI. “Very few people go out o f here without getting what they wanted, and those that do not (get what they want) aren’ eligible. Our t services don’ overlap with the AAI at all,” t said Kirlin. Kirlin, a non-Indian, grew up one mile from a Maliseet Indian reservation at Woodstock, N.B. She enjoys her job, and is well liked in the Indian community. Kirlin has a staff o f four: Russell Socoby, a Passamaquoddy who is DIA field worker; secretary Susan Wright, nutrition supervisor Marion Polchies, and janitor-handyman Roy Paul, all Maliseets. “ Education’ one o f our big problems,” s Kirlin said, adding, “I think the biggest problem is lack o f jobs and — like any community — alcoholism is a problem.” Kirlin characterized DIA’ role as being a s jack o f all trades. M ITA p ro g ra m o u t o f gas [Continued from page one] county planning commissions, in turn, must submit a plan to MDOT for distributing the money. These plans must be sent by M DOT to Maine Departments o f Human Services and Mental Health and Corrections, which then sends them back to MDOT. The county plans are then sent fo the state office of FHWA and then to Washington, along with a “management report,” prepared by MDOT. Linwood Wright, an MDOT official, predicted, " I f we got the (regional county) plan today, they might see some money in March, maybe even April.” As o f press time none o f the four county agencies which would be responsible for distributing funds to the reservations and AAI had submitted their plans to MDOT. Meanwhile, MITA services continue to decline during the funding hiatus. Indian Township MITA supervisor Sylvia Sockabasin said people have been paying $12 to $15 to get from Princeton to Calais, since the buses stopped running. Although the Township has a community health car to take people to medical appointements, “ It’ s the everyday things that people need to get to,” she said. “I’ been getting phone call ve after phone call, and people come to my home asking when MITA will start again.” Sockabasin said people had offered to pay fares for the use o f the buses, but that she had not received authorization. To sugges tions that the tribe might pick up the expense Sockabasin said she had heard nothing. “I don’ know what the next step t is,” she said. At Pleasant Point, where buses also have not run since December, Public Safety Director John Bailey said tribla council had CARD OF THANKS We wish to express our heartfelt thanks to our friends, relatives and neighbors for their kindness in sending floral tributes, cards, and donations during our time of sorrow. The family of Elwood M. Kimball Cardville HARDWARE & GUN SHOP TOM VICAIRE, Proprietor The only Indian-owned hardware business in the State o f Maine "W e’ eager to do business with people re in the Indian community," says Tom. The store carries a full line o f tools, electrical and plumbing supplies, paint and housewares. Also, a selection of fine new and used guns, plus high quality woodstoves. For all your hardware and hunting needs, visit — MATTAWAMKEAG HARDWARE & GUN SHOP and sample some good Indian hospitality and service. CLOSE THE FILE? Dawn Kirlin, manager of the Maine Department of Indian Affairs office in Houlton, says she has more than 700 client files. If Gov. Joseph Brennan does not restore funding, the DIA office will close after more than six years serving area Maliseets and Micmacs. INDIANS The Faircloth Indian tribe, not yet recognized by the Federal Government needs your support. We ask that each reader send $1.00 to our Help an Indian Child Fund called “ Indian Child Help Fund,” the money will go for dental, medical and clothing bills that our children have to do without at this time. But with your assistance, they can live happy, healthy lives, be true royal blooded Indians. Send your donations to — ICHF, P.O. Box 161, Atlantic, N.C. 28511. told him to “park the buses in the garage” and that the “council had no money to take over running them.” At AAI in Houlton, where buses are running on a limited basis, MITA adminis trator Nancy Bither said the loss o f MITA would be “to bad. A lot o f people depend on us.” The picture may not be as bleak at Indian Island. Although services are currently cur tailed, Dept, o f Employment Development director Elwin Sapiel said tribal funding seems likely, until MITA is back on its feet. “The governor told me to go ahead and get bus drivers and get the buses ready to go,” Sapiel said. Indian lands hold energy resources PHOENIX. Arizona — Council o f Energy Resource Tribes (CERT), sort o f an Indian OPEC, met Dec. 6-7 here, for the 1979 board o f directors meeting. According to a press release, American Indian tribes are today "collectively the largest owner of energy resources — oil, natural gas. coal, uranium, oil-shale and geothermal — in the United States.” The release said national energy "inde pendence” will only be possible through cooperation between tribes, Washington and Wall Street. DIRECTOR, NATURAL RESOURCES The Director of Natural R e sources is generally responsible for the administrative and program management duties of this newly established Department. He/She must process technical knowledge and skills in the areas of forestry, and administration. Must be con cerned and be interested in the protection of the environment. SPECIFIC D/R 1. Implement, manage the Forest Management Plan. 2. Responsible for Administrative functions of the Department on a day to day basis. 3. Responsible for the supervision of staff within Department. 4. Must report monthly to Tribal Governor and Council. 5. Must work closely with Wildlife and Parks personnel to protect the wildlife within tribal lands. 6. Responsible for the supervision of all cutting and planting of trees on all tribal lands and oversee the continued tribal silvaculture proj ect. 7. Responsible for all the develop ment coordination and maintenance of a forest fire protection plan. 8. Responsible for coordinating all efforts against forest diseases, harmful insects and establish action plans accordingly to protect the total forest and environment. 9. Responsible for coordinating all development of the watershed plan within tribal lands. EDUC ATION /EXPERIEN CE / SKILLS REQUIRED A Bachelor’ D egree with a major s in forestry is essential, but equiva lent education and experience can be considered if candidate meets, all general qualifications listed in P.E. 8 level. P.E. Scale of P.E. 8 with starting salary of $15,080. Contact: PENOBSCOT NATION TRIBAL ADMINISTRATION Community Building Indian Island, Maine 04468 Tel.: 207/827-7776 �Wabanaki Alliance January 1980 Wabanaki Carp.: Agency helps alcoholics Wabanaki Corporation is an Indian alcoholics who have not yet found the agency with a single purpose: to provide courage to face the problem themselves. help for those caught up in the tragic grip of Time is a major factor. The drinker experi alcohol abuse. Describing the agency is not ences a glow shortly after drinking and so all an important function. The important seems well. Over the long term, the drinker function is to describe the counselor's role becomes accustomed to the increased because the counselor is the functioning alcohol level in his body and it becomes hand that can help those distressed by painful not to have the alcohol. This getting used to alcohol takes so little effort and such alcohol and substance abuse. Wabanaki maintains ten counselors a long time that one is an alcoholic without throughout the state of Maine to help any the realization that the condition exists, individual to fight the ravages o f substance much the same as smokers realize they are in trouble when they cannot breathe easily. abuse. They are distributed to serve pri marily native American populations and Stolen the spirit anyone who needs help: It is at this point, when the alcohol has Aroostook County — Pious and Harriet stolen the person's spirit, that family Perley. (207)762-3751. Indian Township — Bernard Stevens and problems and job problems will “force the issue.” Sometimes even then, the w'hole James Mitchell, (207) 532-7317. Pleasant Point — Grace Roderick and family has been involved, and are all alcoholics. When you see an alcoholic Ralph Dana, (207) 853-2537. Indian Island — • Rosalie Clark and shuffling along the road or lying in a ditch, don't damn the counselor. The counselor Clarence Francis, (207) 866-5577. CMIA — Alfred Dana (northern) and cannot do anything to help the alcoholic George Paul (Portland area), (207) 866-5577. that does not want to help himself. Ignoring The counselor's role is very difficult the alcoholic doesn't help either. One must because the problem o f alcoholism can take realize that the alcoholic is in danger in this so many forms. The alcoholic comes from stupor condition and call a counselor. After the alcoholic has been detoxified, every walk of life; from ditch-digger to corporate president and is made even harder then and only then can he or she be counseled to discover the full extent o f the to identify because of varying social codes. The counselor cannot do anything until he problem. The drinker does not care if you or she finds an alcoholic that cares enough disliked his drunkeness but the sober about self or family to want to change the human will care and not want to be rejected. It is here that we all can help the counselor life style that they are caught in. Alcohol is only one o f several chemicals by providing an atmosphere supporting that people use to alter their views o f self sobriety and disapproving of drunkeness. The counselor will work with the alco and surroundings. The alcoholic is sick because the alcohol gives him or her an holic, the immediate family, the employer. - the friends, the doctor, and the legal system unnatural view o f himself that is not true and this lie acts like a cancer to destroy the to help the alcoholic to help himself. There real person inside. It may inflate the person are many services available to help the so that the person thinks he is bigger than he alcoholic and the family. “You don’ have to wait to get help for t is, or make the person feel good when in reality the person is sick or tired or hungry. yourself or someone you know. Your first step in recognizing that there is a problem The problem is compounded by the con tinued use because the body gets used to a and the second is calling someone who can level o f alcohol and then experiences severe help resolve the problem. We understand physical pain when that level is removed. and care. We will provide privacy and use Unless an alcoholic is willing to face the discretion in answering your needs.” EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the first pain of withdrawal and the agony of their real life situation, they go downhill to a installment o f a regular monthly feature written by the staff o f Wabanaki Corpora point where death is the only answer. The problem is so complex that it is hard tion, the Orono-based alcoholism and drug to treat. People who describe themselves as abuse treatment agency. Future stories will s friends offer another drink when in reality explore other aspects o f the agency’ work they are not friends, they are just sick with Indians throughout Maine. Page 11 Off-reservation groups seek support in wake of possible cutbacks by Brenda Polchies Area Reporter HOULTON — There is a big concern among off-reservation Indians in Aroostook County and throughout the state, specifical ly speaking o f Maliseet and Micmac Indians, o f the possibility o f termination of funds and the closing o f the State Depart ment o f Indian Affairs. This concern stems from the fact that the Federal Bureau of Indian Affairs has recognized the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot Tribes only in Maine, where previously they were the responsibility of the state. The land claims litigation is in progress and the present situation includes only the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot Tribes. Since 1973, legislative action made it possible for services to be extended to offreservation Indians because o f an establish ed and critical need in terms o f providing social assistance, advocacy assistance, pro viding the same privileges accorded to reservation Indians. There is an act estab lished to provide limited scholarship assist ance to off-reservation Maliseet and Mic mac Indian students. Free hunting and fishing licenses have been extended to Maliseet and Micmac Indians residing in the state. A concerned effort is now being made by off-reservation Indian groups in the state and by concerned individual Indian mem bers to acquire support through a letter writing campaign to the Governor's office, and groups and organizations are being approached. The American Friends Service Committee has offered their support by contacting legislators in their area; the Association o f Aroostook Indians and the Central Maine Indian Association have put forth their plight to the U.S. Civil Rights Commission at a meeting on January 10th at Augusta. Representatives o f the State De partment o f Indian Affairs were at that meeting also to enlist the Advisory Com mittee's support. There is much to be gained when a federal government recognizes certain Indian tribes but if this drastic termination action is taken by the State o f Maine, it will eliminate acknowledgement o f Maliseet and Micmac Indians and it will openly discriminate against Maliseet and Micmac Indians in terms of providing services, in a large number o f cases, life crisis services. LOVE'S AMOCO INDIAN ISLAND • VMS Loving care for your car MOSCOCOOCCOCOCOaCOCOOCOCOCOCCOCOOOCOCCOCCOC VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Yale Sch ool o f Nursing — is open to nurses and non-nurses who have a bachelor’ degree in Nursing, Science, s or Liberal Arts. — is activefy seeking minority students as a part o f its commitment to Equal Oppor tunity in its Graduate Program. Programs Offered: Nurse Practioner Preparation Family Nurse Practitioner Nurse Midwife Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Clinical Specialization Community Health Nursing t= J Throughout The State Equal Housing Maternal-Newborn Nursing Medical-Surgical Nursing Pediatric Nursing Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: — Psychiatric Liaison Nursing — Child Psychiatric Nursing Development of Research Skills Courses and tutorial work assist the students to develop a thesis that systematically explores a nursing problem related to patient care. YALE SCHOOL OF NURSING For Information Write To: Sandra M. Nelson, Director Minority Recruitment Program Yale School of Nursing 855 Howard Avenue New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Owned Homes For Sale OPPORTUNITY Minimum Down Payment Financing Available Through V. A. 30 Year Loan — No Closing Costs 11Vz% Interest. Anyone Can Buy You Don’ Have To Be A Veteran t See Your Local Real Estate Broker Or Contact VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 �Page 12 Wabanaki Alliance January 1980 Ind ia n school head sees fu n d in g gap DISCUSSING the financial picture for Wabanaki Alliance at a recent Orono meeting were the Most Rev. Edward C. O’Leary, right, Bishop of Portland, Division of Indian Services [DIS| Board Chairman Jean Chavaree, and the Rev. John F. Crozier of S t Mary’s Church, Orono. The DIS board has voted to establish subscription rates to help defray costs of publication (see notice to readers in this issue.) news notes K iow a am ong hostages in Iran TEHRAN, Iran — One of the 50 U.S. hostages being held here at the American embassy is a Kiowa Indian. Frederick L. Kupke, 32, said to be em ployed in embassy communications, is an enrolled member o f the Kiowa tribe. He was recently mentioned in news stories as a possible hostage to be released because of his racial background. Kiowa Tribal Chair man Jaco Ahtone has asked Iranian govern ment to consider releasing Kupke; National Tribal Chairman’ Association Director s Kenneth Black has demanded Kupke’ s release. Wabanaki Alliance has sent a letter to Kupke seeking his comments, and if a reply is received, it will be printed in a forth coming issue. 110-year-old Cherokee lo w ed younger lady Census said important ORONO — Participation in the 1980 census will determine the. success of Indian programs throughout the next decade, according to an off-reservation Indian spokesman here. Central M aine Indian A ssociation (CMIA) director Melvin (Tom) Vicaire warned that if Maine Indians fail to respond to census forms, granting agencies could get a low estimate o f Maine’ Indian population s and reduce potential grants accordingly. Vicaire said only 400 off-reservation In dians in CMIA’ area responded to the 1970 s census. State and federal agencies have been using these figures in many cases, even though CMIA currently has over 1,600 members enrolled. “If that few respond again, then it’ going to be tough,” he said. s CALAIS — The Superintendent of Maine Indian Education, an agency that admin isters three reservation schools, says a tran sition from state to federal support could produce a three-month period without money to operate. “I don’ know what’ going to happen t s after June 1 At this point we’ just got to . ve wait and see what happens. We hope to have a lot o f the answers in the next six months,” DiCenso told Wabanaki Alliance. He said state funds will be cut off as of June 1 in , anticipation of federal Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA) money. But BIA funds will not be available until Oct. 1 . Among preparations DiCenso must make are plans to “contract” with BIA for operation o f schools at two Passamaquoddy reservations, and the Penobscot reservation. DiCenso’ estimates show BIA allocating s $796,000 for the schools, while the total budget is closer to $850,000. He said these problems can be sorted out. Tribal governors from Pleasant Point. Indian Township and Indian Island planned to meet with Gov. Joseph Brennan this month to discuss school funding, DiCenso said. Dean's List PLEASANT POINT — Kenneth Pointer, 24, son o f Grace Roderick of Pleasant Point, has been named to the Dean’ List for the s first semester, at University o f Maine at Farmington. Pointer is studying to be a veterinarian. A graduate o f Lake Region High School, Naples, he and his wife Pamela, are the parents o f Jacob Walter, born Nov. 4. 1979. Penobscot youth places in national meet INDIAN ISLAND — Ten-year-old Jamie Knapp suffered cramps, but still managed to compete respectably, in a national AAU running meet held Dec. 8, in Hightstown, N. J. Knapp, a Penobscot from Indian Island and the son o f Cheryl Knapp, placed 105th out o f 226 competitors. He is a member of Andrew Sockalexis track team, named after Indian Island’s all-time great runner. The Hightstown race, incidentally, was won by a Maine youngster. Flashback photo DETROIT, Mich. — The Rev. Francis C. Stayton, Cherokee, took out a marriage license here recently. That wouldn’ be unusual, except that t Stayton, an Oklahoma native, turned 110 on Christmas Day, 1979. His bride is Lula Archie, 78. The couple met at a nursing home, and may take a wedding bus trip to Arkansas. by Brenda Polchies Area Reporter HOULTON — David Gehue is Coor dinator for the Alcohol and Drug Program o f the Association o f Aroostook Indians in Houlton. He is working with Indian young people in the local high school and on down to the elementary level, and he is going into the schools and making initial contact with principals, teachers, guidance counselors, and potential student participants. Some o f his duties include reviewing the existing alcoholism program, making rec ommendations to AAI administration with regard to goals, priorities, staff, atid effec tiveness. Gehue is to coordinate all other alcoholism counselors, acting as a guide and “sounding board” for them as needed. Also, he must establish and maintain contact with all other alcoholism programs and agencies to increase the AAI’ potential referral s services. He will take on a group counseling approach as opposed to individual counsel ing, and this will be accomplished through holding youth meetings on a weekly basis. Hopefully, in the future, he will be able to extend his services to central Aroostook County. Gehue can be reached at the Association o f Aroostook Indians weekdays Monday through Friday at Tel. 532-7317. HOULTON — Louie Paul is Alcoholism Counselor for the Association o f Aroostook Indians at Houlton. He is available to assist clients who have problems with alcohol and drugs. He can be reached by phone at 5327317, Monday through Friday. RONALD (SENABEH) FRANCIS INDIAN ISLAND — Ronald (Senabeh) Francis, 65, o f Center Street, Indian Island, died Jan. 24, 1980, at his residence. He was born Sept. 30, 1914, at Old Town, the son of Bert and Clara (Polchies) Francis. He was employed as a wood carver. He is survived by one brother, Gilbert J. Francis o f Bangor; one sister. Christine Nicholas of Searsport; one half brother; four half sisters, several nieces and nephews. A Mass o f Christian burial was held at St. Annes Catholic Church, Indian Island, with the Rev. John Civiello officiating. Interment was in the tribal cemetery. CARD OF THANKS For the kindness and sympathy ex tended to the family o f Senahbeh on his passing. Thanks especially to the Penob scot Governor and Council, Senior Citi zens. and The Rev. John Civiello. Our thanks for the Mass Card Offering and donations. — Christine Nicholas and family NOTICE "S pecial E le ction " Government argues Utes hold jurisdiction WASHINGTON — The Federal Govern ment filed a “friend o f the court" brief October 29, arguing for the Ute Indian Tribe that the original 1864 boundaries of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation still exist. The Government brief contended that the Utes still have legal jurisdiction over all of the land within the original reservation boundaries, including private property be longing to non-Indians and the mostly nonIndian towns o f Roosevelt and Duchesne. The State o f Utah contends that tribal jurisdiction extends to only the trust lands actually owned by the Indians. The State is seeking to prevent the 1.700 Utes from im posing a tribal legal code on nearly 20,000 non-Indians. Aroostook Notes COLORFULLY CLAD — These Penobscot Indian women exhibit variety in fashion, in this historical photo probably taken at the old Indian Island tribal hall. Can any of our readers identify these proud young women? [Photo courtesy of Jean A. Moore] CENTRAL MAINE INDIAN ASSOCIATION MARCH 13,1980 at 7 p.m. RESOURCE CENTER CONFERENCE ROOM 95 Main St., Orono, Me. Openings for — 1 Board Member President Appointments to — Wabanaki Board DIS Board (Div. of Indian Services/ Wabanaki Alliance) FRC/ITF (Federal Regional Council/Indian Task Force) Personnel Comm. Refreshments will be served. The meeting is open and your participation is needed. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (January 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-01 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-441 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/74299ca6f5ca4355cbb9292a38ae2b8a.pdf f284bddd0d1a2d14ed82599bdce876bf PDF Text Text Non-profit Organization U.S. Postage Paid 3.1c Permit No. 14 Orono, Maine 40 * A llia n ce Published by Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Return to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main Street. Orono, Maine 04473. February 1980 Senate passes land claims extension WASHINGTON — A bill to give Indian tribes and individuals more time to take action on certain land claims was passed by the U.S. Senate Feb. 20. Unless the House also agrees to an exten sion the Federal Government will be banned on April 1 1980. by a statute o f limitations . from tiling any claims against third parties on behalf of tribes or individuals for pre-1966 trespass and other wrongs related to Indian lands. The Department of the Interior is nowinvolved in trying to process more than 9.000 claims ranging from disputes over unlawful extraction of minerals and oil from Indian lands to alleged illegal encroach ment on Indian territories. Both Interior and Justice Department testified they would be unable to complete their work on all claims before the April 1 deadline. Senator John Melcher testified that the a settlement. Sen. William S. Cohen THE PHOTOGRAPHER — An accomplished artist with the camera is Donald Sanipass of Mapieton (Aroostook County], a Micmac native of Big Cove reserve in Nova Scotia. This year he gave himself a better camera, but as anyone can see from his photos, Sanipass’ creative eye provides the quality, not the camera. Photography is a hobby; Sanipass, 51, and his family pick and pack potatoes, rake blueberries, and weave baskets for their livelihood. See photo display on page 9. Woman named director of CMIA ORONO — Central Maine Indian Asso ciation (CMIA) has a new executive director. Donna Loring has replaced Melvin (Tom) Vicaire. who stepped down to go into private business. Loring left her post as CMIA president to fill the position. She has had broad experience with the off-reservation organi zation. has served as deputy sheriff o f Pen obscot County and done a tour o f duty in Vietnam with the U.S. Army. She was recently selected for inclusion in "Directory of American Indian-Alaska Na tive Women." BIA budget tops $1 billion WASHINGTON — Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA) has asked Congress for Federal funding o f just over one billion dollars for fiscal year 1981. a $5 million hike over 1980 funding. For the operation of Indian programs, the Bureau requested S823.3 million, which includes S264.7 million for educational pro grams: S221.2 for Indian services; S74.6 for economic development and employment programs; $80.1 for natural resources de velopment; $44.1 for trust responsibilities, and $138.6 for general management and facilities operations. The balance of the request includes $93.6 million for construction of buildings, utili ties and irrigation systems; $59.4 million for road construction; $30 million for Alaska Native Claims Settlement, and $5 million for the Northwest Indian fisheries. An increase of $19 million was requested for Indian services, $4.3 million o f the increase will be for social services — related to provisions o f the Indian Child Welfare Act. The increased funding will also provide for meeting the needs of newly recognized Indian tribes and strengthening Indian tribal courts. Bureau education programs will have a decrease o f $7 million, with the largest part of this, $3.9 million, coming from the funding for tribally controlled community colleges. For natural resources development, the Bureau has requested an increase of $6 million for forestry and agriculture pro grams. The $5 million requested for the North west Indian fisheries fund would be the first increment o f a $15 million fund to assist Indian tribes or corporations in the north western states to modernize and develop treaty-tribe fishing operations, under pro posed legislation. opposed the extension. He said that prior to 1966 there was no statute o f limitations so Congress, when a six-year limitation was initiated, gave the Indians and the Govern ment six years to 1972 to catch up. This was subsequently extended to 1977, and. after much debate, an absolutely last extension was granted to 1980. He argued that 1 years was enough and that there 4 should not be another absolutely last extension. The bill is expected to encounter strong opposition in the House, where hearings may begin soon. Congress. Meanwhile, talks continue between the P en obscot- P assam aq u od d y land claim negotiating team, and state and federal officials. A settlm ent involving about S27 million and 300,000 acres to be divided equally between the two tribes— is reportedly announced. Health director leaves team approach legacy INDIAN ISLAND — Paul W. Buckwalter couldn't hide his affection, nor his sadness at parting ways with the Penobscot Nation. This month Buckwalter. 45. resigned his post o f Deputy Director of tribal health services after nearly four years on the job. The entire staff o f the Department o f Health and Social Services threw a going-away party for Paul. Feb. 22. but no-one was happy to see him go. He starts work March 3, as director o f the federally-funded Washington-Hancock Community Agency. Someone kidded Buckwalter: "W e re going to have to adopt you.” In an interview with Wabanaki Alliance, the community developer — as he likes to call himself — talked about the "nearmiraculous” accomplishments o f the tribe, and his own role in the growth and change. In 1976. there were 350 Penobscots living on the reservation. Today there are better than 400. “When I started on the Island Paul Buckwalter three-and-one-half years ago. there were maybe 20 employees (in tribal government). because some outsider look them down the tubes," he said in reference to a bankrupt Now there are 90," Buckwalter noted. Buckwalter said it's his professional view moccasin factory venture. Although quick to praise the work o f the that in terms o f community development, the "Penobscots are doing it better. I’ve Penobscots. Buckwalter is modest about his spent 10 years in an inner city ghetto, and own achievement: the Health and Social Services Department. He was a guiding I’ spent five years in middle class com ve munities, and the Penobscots are doing it force from day one. working closely with the tribal council and tribal health planning better.” Buckwalter cited police, fire, sewage officials. Buckwalter remembers when there wasn’ t treatment, recreation, housing, land man t agement, economic development and health any health center. There wasn’ a dentist, physician’ assistant, senior citizens' center, s and social services as areas where major progress has been made by the tribe. For medical records and the handsome clinic awhile, economic development was “ a bust (Continued on page 7 ) �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance February 1980 editorials Post-mortem The outgoing head o f the BIA (Bureau o f Indian Affairs) said. "W e have won some battles and lost others. But on the whole, I believe we have won more than we have lost." Forrest Gerard might have been talking about the past decade for Indians, rather than his own career. Indians across the U.S. have made progress in many ways during the 1970’ but the giant forward s, strides have their price. While Indian lands, trust responsibility and jurisdiction have been reinforced and extended, Indian language and culture have probably suffered. This is not to say that communities are not trying hard to preserve culture; the facts are simply that Indians are gaining in power, affluence, influence — and with these things come many o f the white man's trappings. "Trappings” is an appropriate play on words. Indians made a strong showing in Washington, D.C. in 1978, at the completion o f The Longest Walk, a protest o f anti-Indian backlash legislation that never made it through Congress, thank goodness. Indian fishing rights in Washington state were affirmed by the nation's highest court. Indians “came out o f the closet" and made their presence felt in a takeover o f Gerard's agency, the BIA, in 1972. The takeover reminded the bureaucracy that almost every treaty with Indians has been deliberately broken, and the agency supposedly serving Indians wasn’ doing a hell o f a lot about it. t A year later, the incident at historic Wounded Knee, on the Pine Ridge Sioux Reservation, delineated the tensions between assertive Indians and federal Indian policy. Indian rights were at stake, and Indian rights can never be entirely buried again. Many national Indian issues — water rights, mining rights, jurisdiction and trust responsibility, surfaced and were at least partially resolved in the 1970's — but on the home front, one gigantic issue remained unsettled. The Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claim to 12.5 million acres — the northern two-thirds o f Maine — escalated from a dispute over a few thousand acres at Indian Township Passamaquoddy reservation at Princeton. First started with discovery o f an old treaty at Indian Township, the land claims were handled by lawyer Donald Gellers from 1968-1971, when Tom Tureen took over. Tureen deserves tremendous credit for his skillful leadership in the case. Fresh out o f law' school when he started. Tureen is now a widely recognized expert. He led the two tribes through a court battle that resulted in the U.S. Justice Department ruling in favor o f Passamaquoddies’ right to file a claim. Also, both tribes won federal recognition, entitling them to a multitude o f services through BIA and Indian Health Service — totaling several million dollars. The final chapter o f the claims is being written, and will likely include a settlement, to be split 50-50 between the tribes, consisting o f some 300,000 acres, about $27 million, and assorted benefits. A settlement like this will have a tremendous social, physical and psychological impact on Maine Indians. We are confident it will be beneficial to all. But this is speculation. It’s a new decade, and a newage for the first Americans — who have so often ended up last. DERELICT — Once a handsome dwelling at Indian Island, this twin-chimney house has been left vacant — except for young people who now use it as their “hangout” after school. This home boasted the Erst running water on the reservation, and was known for its hardwood floors. Several old treaties were discovered in this house years ago. They were sold to the Bangor Public Library, but later recovered by the Penobscot tribe. Quotable You're angry about something we wrote . . . good! The true purpose o f this newspaper is to report facts accurately . . . not to make you feel good. If you get angry over one o f our editorials, writers or the way in which we present our facts . . . good! Because getting angry means that you are about to get involved. Involvement usually means action and that could improve conditions. So ... get angry at us if you like. But we are still going to report the facts and keep you informed on the events concerning the Tacom a Indian Community. — Tacom a Indian News Wabanaki Alliance Vol. 4, No. 2 February 1980 Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Orono Times. Printed by Ellsworth American. Member — Maine Press Association Steven Cartwright, Editor William O’Neal, Associate Editor Mary T. Byers Brenda Polchies Roberta Richter Kathy Tomah Reporters Indian Island Houlton Pleasant Point Indian Township DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree |chairman] John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Jeannette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Susan Desiderio, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Maynard Polchies, President, Aroostook Indians David A. Francis, Public Safety Department Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Phone 827-4543 Phone 532-7317 Phone 853-4654 Phone 796-2301 Indian Island Pleasant Point Indian Township Indian Island Indian Township Orono Houlton Houlton Pleasant Point Houlton DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to this newspaper, are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; S6 Canada and overseas; $10 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.] �Wabanaki Alliance February 1980 Page 3 letters Cherokee offers blessing Detroit, Mich. To the editor: I would like to send good wishes and say God Bless all the Indian people. My young bride o f 78. and myself are both in good health. We would very much enjoy receiving the newspaper. I am a Chief of the Cherokee tribe from Oklahoma and would like to stay in touch with the Indian new's. By the way, if you have an extra Indian headband I’ really appreciate one. d Rev. F. C. Stayton, age 1 10. Indian claim deadline BROTHER-SISTER — Natalie Bums and Alan Sanborn are not only siblings, thej work together at Penobscot Health and Social Services Department. Natalie is training to be a medical records clerk through a CETA grant, and Alan was recently promoted to assistant clinical administrator at the Indian Island health center. They grew up in Norcross, attending school in Brownville Junction. Both are tribal members. Studeni wants paper Rochester. N.Y. To the editor: Hello, my name is Karen Lolar Tompkins and I am a Penobscot Indian. I am also the daughter of Patricia Lolar and the grand daughter o f the late Henry and Bernice Nelson Lolar; all of Indian Island, Old Town. Maine. I've read a few o f your latest editions of the Wabanaki Alliance and now 1would like to start receiving them at the university I am now attending. 1 understand your news paper is non-profit and I would be grateful if you would send me issues of the Wab anaki Alliance. If I should send money please advise or send me a bill. I am looking forward to your next issue. Karen L. Tompkins More native language \ St. John's. Newfoundland To the editor: Enclosed is my contribution to continue my subscription to your excellent paper. Also enclosed for your use, if you find it suitable, is my transcription of the story of Noah as recorded by Mr. Walter J. Paul of Frederickton, N.B. Mr. Paul gave his permission to publish it if you so desire. Is it possible to encourage more contri butions in or about the Indian languages? The story o f Mother Nicholas translated into Passamaquoddy by my friend David Francis, which you published last spring, was a good example. Perhaps some o f the young people in Indian Township could be persuaded to make some contributions. The books in Passamaquoddy published by the Wab anaki Bilingual Education Program are beautiful examples, and Joe Nicholas’ work s in Indian Pride is also worthy of praise. Would anybody be able and willing to write something about the Penobscot lan guage? The beautiful and expressive Indian languages are the oldest living thing in our countries and they are worth every effort to encourage, preserve and keep them alive. The more the young Indians can learn about their own people the better they are equipped to face the prejudice and discrim ination which, unfortunately, is still to be met in our modern “enlightened" society. In this respect, your paper is a worthy contributor. Lloyd Leland Comprehensive Mankato, Minn. To the editor: I am trying to learn about the Indian Land Claims Case in Maine. Two years ago, while in Maine, I picked up two cf your newspapers and found them very informa tive. Back in Minnesota only Akwesasne Notes and Wassaja are accessible to me. Although they give space to the Indian activity in Maine, it is not nearly as com prehensive a coverage as Wabanaki Alli ance. Will you please send me any or all back issues to July 1978 (Vol. 2, No. 7 Or, if ). requesting them from you is incorrect, can you suggest how I might obtain them. I am willing to pay for these copies and the postage and handling charges in whatever way is expedient. Please let me know how to proceed. Stewart Simpson Send paper sooner Exeter, N.H. To the editor: Here is my subscription renewal. I hope that having a set rate will help you with the huge costs of keeping your paper going! I feel Wabanaki Alliance is a very important way to keep people informed, and help create a greater feeling of unity among people spread over great distances. Would it be possible to get the paper out to out-of-state readers sooner? I don’ know t if others have the same situation but I often get my paper after some events, job appli cation deadlines, etc. have passed by. Thank you for your fine paper! Paul Tamburro Very pleased Middlefield, Ct. To the editor: Enclosed is my donation and please continue my subscription to Wabanaki Alliance. Keep up your good work in supplying information to me and all Indians living on and off reservations. I’ a retired Air Force m veteran and have lived off reservation for nearly forty years. I sure enjoy and am very pleased with your paper. Good blessings to all. Thank you, Joseph F. Socoby Passamaquoddy Tribe El Paso, Texas To the editor: For some time you have been sending the Wabanaki Alliance to our office and we greatly appreciate this courtesy. Your November 1979 issue discusses the pending Penobscot and Passamaquoddy claim pend ing before U.S. District Court Judge Edward T. Gignoux and mentions your Tribal Lawyer, Thomas N. Tureen. The article also states, "the Tribes face an April 1 1980 deadline in the 12.5 million . acre claim to northern Maine. That date marks the Federal deadline for filing Indian Claims in court under a statute o f limita tions.” I am very interested in this statement as I represent the Tonkawas, the Tiguas, the Louisiana Coushatta and the Alabama Coushatta with respect to Texas claims. We are in the same position as the Maine Indians in that there was never any federal jurisdiction exercised over Texas Indians because o f the prior status of Texas as a republic. The Court o f Claims some years back held however, that Indians could still pursue claims in Texas if they had filed within the deadline o f the Indian Claims Act. None o f the above mentioned tribes had so filed and we are now pursuing a remedy through the Congressional Reference route in Congress. We have no assurance that we will be granted Congressional Reference which would waive the statute o f limitations of the Indian Claims Act. I have always felt that we had a claim similar to that of your tribes in Maine and that we could press it directly in the local Federal Courts. We have been reluctant to do so as long as there is any potential for recovery in the Congressional Reference process. We did reach the Indian Claims Commission and were allowed to intervene in other Indian claims on the theory that their filing within the statutory period pro tected our interest. Unfortunately the Court o f Claims overturned this ruling of the Indian Claims Commission and we were motioned out of court. We appealed to the Court o f Claims and by that time the Supreme Court had entered a similar ruling in a Wichita case and we dropped our appeal. In the meantime, the Wichitas with respect to their Texas claim have success fully pursued a Congressional Reference Act. I would greatly appreciate knowing what the April 1 1980 deadline is and would , appreciate being given Mr. Tureen’ ad s dress. I enjoy very much your excellent publication and appreciate being on your mailing list. Tom Diamond Inmate request Portland To the editor: My nephew is an inmate in prison and I received a note from him asking for copies o f your paper. 1already re-mail my copy to another relative in Mich., so could you please put him on your mailing list? Thanks. M. Smith Mother defends non-Indian adoption South Windham To the editor: Thought it was time I dropped you a line to tell you how much 1enjoy the Alliance, and the news about Indian life in Maine. I was a little frustrated when I read about the "lack o f Indian homes for foster Indian children." I can’ agree that only an Indian t family can provide a good home tor an Indian child. The son 1 adopted 1 years ago was 1 placed with my husband and 1by the South Dakota Human Services social worker. We knew his mother; she was an alcoholic and his father was in prison. No one in his (the baby's) family wanted him. When his mother delivered, the baby was immediately (3 days old) placed with us. since her two previous children had met with a distressful life — one froze to death in a car outside a bar; one died from TB. Anyway, my husband (who was a Sioux) and I took the baby boy and when he was 6 months old, we adopted him. Several years ago, my husband and I were divorced; I came back to Maine with the boy. who was 18 months old. He is a full blooded Sioux Indian, and although I don’t have a shred of any kind of Indian blood and none of my family does. David has certainly thrived here in Maine. He is well aware of his heritage and makes everyone else awr are also. He meets little prejudice here in Southern Maine (which is entirely different than it would have been on or near the Rosebud Reservation, where he would have been lucky to have been educated). The only regret — and it can be overcome — is that there are not many Indians, par ticularly full blooded ones, in Maine, and in the schools down here. David does meet up with a little reverse prejudice (if you know what I mean) and that tends to get aggra vating sometimes. No. he can’t speak Sioux — but many of the vounger reservation Indians can’ He t. has never been to a powwow, either — that he can remember. But he knows where he comes from, and that he is adopted, and he is healthy, alive and learning. I think good care and education can come from Anglo families. If we were living in South Dakota still. David’ future would be s a lot bleaker than it is here. For that I am thankful. Good luck with your newspaper and don’ t give up! Kay Whirlwind Soldier Jobs and skills Boulder, Colo. To the editor: The Administration for Native Ameri cans, an agency within the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and the Department of Labor's Division of Indian and Native American Programs are spon soring the development o f an Indian Jobs/ Skills Bank. The Jobs/Skills Bank is designed to help Indian people identify and apply for vacant positions in the federal service and will assist the federal agencies in fulfilling their Affirmative Action require ments. The dissemination o f information about the Jobs/Skills Bank to potential users is crucial to the Bank's development and is a key factor in successfully achieving the Bank’ goals. Therefore. ACKCO is sending s announcement packets to the governing bodies o f both federally and non-federally recognized tribes, Alaska native corpora tions. Indian and Indian-interest organiza tions, Urban centers, and Indian publica tions. Promotional materials include a brochure, press release, response sheets and newspaper ads. James E. Hofbauer �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance February 1980 Antabuse a tool in battling booze CO-COUNSELORS Pious and Harriet Perley of Presque Isle, members of Association of Aroostook Indians, offer Alcoholics Anonymous meetings every monday evening at 7:30, at the AAI building, Bowdoin Street, Houlton. Both experienced counselors, Pious Perley has had more than 20 years sobriety. The Perleys’ meetings are open to all. The couple resides in Presque Isle. A glance at the Seventies by Isabelle Knockwood Toney The seventies were significant for native peoples because o f a raised consciousness, a new awareness o f identity as the first people of this land. The events o f the past decade were spin-offs from events started in 1969. Namely the establishment o f the American Indian Movement and its occupation of Alcatraz Island. Actually this was a test to find out if treaties stating that land leased from Indian Nation's would be returned to the Indians after it was no longer needed. Also that was the year when the Boston Indian Council. Union of Nova Scotia Indians and American Indian Movements were incorporated. When Sioux Indians clashed with FBI in 1973. Annie Mae Aquash. Micmac from Nova Scotia, was found partially buried in a plastic bag at the Pine Ridge (South Dakota) reservation. Both hands were then cut off at the wrists by the FBI and sent to Wash ington, D.C. for identification purposes. She was then buried without notification o f next of kin. Cause of death stated ‘ exposure.’ In March, 1976. her family demanded an exhumation and autopsy to make proper identification and find real cause o f death. A bullet hole was found in the back o f her head. She was then buried for the third time at the Pine Ridge Reservation the traditional way — wrapped in an Indian blanket and facing east toward the land of the People of the Dawn the Wabanaki. The 1970’s 1970 — National Day o f Mourning for native peoples held at Plymouth, Massa chusetts on Thanksgiving Day. 1971 — Research for Passamaquoddy and Penobscot land claims well underway. Lawyer Thomas N. Tureen takes over case from lawyer Donald Gellers. 1972 — “Trail of Broken Treaties." Occupation ol the Bureau of Indian Affairs by members o f the American Indian Move ment to protest the breaking o f 389 treaties signed by the U.S. Congress. 1973 — Wounded Knee. 1974 — First child born in Ganienkeh. 1975 — Six day take over of Mt. Katahdin by Wabanaki tribes. 1976 peoples. Year o f Mourning for native 1977 — Jay Treaty Conference at Indian Island, Penobscot Nation, Maine — in the year o f the Thunderbird. 1978 — The Longest Walk originating from Alcatraz, led by Dennis Banks and others, starting February 11, 1978 and ending at Washington, D.C. on July 15. Many rallies and a united opposition to legislation that would abrogate •Indian treaties. Legislation defeated. 1979 — Takeover and Occupation of Board office at Jobeque. New Brunswick, Canada by the women of the Maliseet Nation over sexist policies in the Indian Act of Canada that gives Certificate o f Posses sion solely to men. Crow tribe rejects “ Antabuse" is a relativejy safe drug which then sober and can work with others to help was accidently discovered in 1948 by two solve the problems that make drinking seem Danish researchers, Hald and Jacobsen a solution. One cannot work with a drunk, while trying to develop drugs for the treat because a drunk doesn’ even know who or t ment of worms. They had taken the drug what they are. We can help the alcoholic and later drank alcohol at a cocktail party. that can think and reason. The only thing Within a few minutes, they were both quite we can do for a drunk is put him into ill and realized that they had chanced upon detoxification. a drug which could be used to help the It is important that everyone understand alcoholic maintain sobriety. the nature of the sickness that occurs when For over thirty years now, Antabuse has on Antabuse and alcohol is consumed. The been widely used in treating the chronic first reactions that occur usually in about 15 problem drinker. If a person suffering from minutes and with as little as a half ounce of alcoholism is, at least, motivated to take the alcohol are: drug and is able to recognize the risks if he drinks while taking it, it can be very effective as a deterrent to taking that first drink. 1 Hot feeling in the face . Antabuse is not a cure for alcoholism. It is 2. A change in facial color a tool which can be used by the alcoholic, 3. Dilation o f blood vessels in face, neck with the help o f the doctor and counselor, to and eyes help provide the conviction to remain sober 4. Tachycardia, palpitation and chest so that others can help resolve the many pain problems that are the real cause o f the alco 5. T h robbin g headache, dizziness, holism. nausea and vomiting How it works 6. Shortness o f breath, syncope or faint How does Antabuse work? When a ing person drinks alcohol, the body tries to 7. Sweating, thirst reduce it to harmless chemicals and discard These initial symptoms may last one or it from the body. The body produces two hours followed by a state of exhausted chemicals in the stomach and intestine to sleep for several hours. Very severe reactions react with the alcohol to get rid o f it. The may occur and are likely when drinking person gets drunk when they drink more larger amounts o f alcohol: alcohol than their body can dispose in that 8. Respiratory depression time. ‘ ITie body then becomes accustomed to 9. Arrhythmias that level o f alcohol and the very cells 1 Cardiovascular collapse with myocar 0. become sensitized to feel normal at that dial infraction and congestive heart high level o f alcohol presence. The body failure begins the breakdown process by creating a 11. Convulsions poison out o f the alcohol, and then breaks 12. Unconsciousness up to and including down the poison almost immediately to save coma the body. 13. Death The poison is broken down by an enzyme that is only produced to destroy alcohol. . When Antabuse is taken into the body, the The alcoholic patient must avoid alcohol. body continues to function normally until The alcoholic patient, family and friends the person drinks alcohol. The body must be aware and take care not to use immediately begins to break down the disguised forms such as sauces, salad alcohol into poison. The Antabuse blocks the enzyme that destroys the poison so the dressing, vinegars, cough mixtures. liquid vitamin preparations, mouthwash, some drinker becomes gradually ill. It is fortunate sleep preparations and bakery products. that the reaction happens quickly so that the Even after shave and back rubs have been drinker gets a little sick with the first drink reported to cause a mild reaction. which will deter him from drinking more Information on Antabuse is available and becoming more severely sick. A from your Wabanki alcoholism counselor. If stubborn alcoholic who drank a lot would get very sick. This reaction happens to someone you love, or you yourself need more information about alcoholism, help with the almost every human. Don’ let anyone tell t problems o f alcoholism, or need to just talk you that they are immune. about the problem, call Wabanaki Corpora Alcoholic decides tion at 866-5577, or your local alcoholism The reason for the use o f Antabuse is counselor. We can help any wno ask. If you simply to help the alcoholic be separated need, take heed. from alcohol. The alcoholic makes a decision once each day to take the Antabuse and then need not make any decisions about EDITOR’S NOTE: Wabanaki Corpora drinking the remainder o f the day because tion o f Orono provides a regular monthly the alcoholic knows that drinking will cause column of information about alcoholism poisoning and sickness. The alcoholic is and drug abuse. Don't miss an issue MAIL TO WABANAKI ALLIANCE. 95 MAIN STREET, ORONO, MAINE 04473 coal mining A multimillion-dollar coal mining agree ment, worked out between the Shell Oil Company and the Crow Coal Authority, was rejected by a vote of 281-256 at the tribe’ s quarterly council meeting. The proposed agreement would have brought the tribe as much as $12 million before the first coal was dug. It also offered joint venture oppor tunities to the tribe. A Shell spokesman, when informed o f the action, told a Billings Gazette reporter, "Oh no, here we go again." Shell has been trying unsuccessfully to work out a deal with the Crows since 1975. WABANAKI ALLIANCE SUBSCRIPTION FORM (Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance) I ENCLOSE: $5 for one year (Individual— U.S.) $6 for one year (Canada) Street $10 for one year (Institutional rate) City/Town and State I________ Zip Code *[ |Donation (Amount) ________ _______ I �Page 5 Wabanaki Alliance February 1980 Micmac writer blends women's and native rights INDIAN ISLAND — Can feminism, Indian spiritualism and Indian rights be unified in a single vision? They can be. if you are Isabelle Knockwood Toney, a writer, artist and poet who really doesn’ fit any labels, because she t thinks for herself. Thoughtful, sensitive, proud and sometimes irreverent — she is a woman attempting to maintain her Micmac cultural heritage in the modern world. Isabelle Toney has contributed articles to Wabanaki Alliance dealing with subjects such as basketry, traditional medicine, Indian women and spiritual values. Her strong views on certain issues are tempered by a contagious sense of humor, an appreciation for her listener, and the human predicament. Recalling her home at Shubenachadie Reserve in Nova Scotia, she said she did not speak English until she was four years old. “I thought all tribes were extinct, other than my own," she remembered, adding, “o f course," I knew about the Maliseets. ’ When she later met Indians from elsewhere, she felt like asking, "Are you a REAL Indian?” Such naivete didn’ last. Isabelle became t deeply involved in the movement for Indian rights, which climaxed in such actions as the 1972 takeover of U.S. Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA) headquarters in Washington, D.C.. a six day occupation at Mt. Katahdin in 1976, and The Longest Walk (across the U.S.) in 1978. One o f Isabelle’ dearest friends was s Boston Indian Council founder Annie Mae Aquash, whom she knew as a child at Shub enachadie. Aquash was killed at the Wounded Knee occupation in 1973. where she was a political activist, and many persons believe the FBI has covered up the truth about her death. “What really hurt me like an open wound was the death of Annie May,” Isabelle said. Now 48, with six children and six grand children. Isabelle shares a home at Indian Island with Pat Shay, a Penobscot she met Isabelle Toney: “A human being first and an Indian second.” just before Wounded Knee. Her face shows a few of the struggles she has had, but any worry lines are overwhelmed by the warmth stood up and said this is your religion, your have to work together. The Women's Lib is and kindness o f this grandmother who are the first Americans; it was like meeting based on equality o f the sexes; whereas, the believes in being a “human being first and an old friend, and the friend was the Indian tradition is based on survival o f the an Indian second.” Creator. It was not quite being reborn, but it whole nation, regardless o f sex. Isabelle Toney believes firmly in spiritual On Indian feminism. Isabelle said she was an awakening,” Isabelle said. values. Her mother had told her o f these Isabelle said the 1970’ were “when it all believes a lot o f women are “aware o f at s values, but she ignored the message. When least the power to change things.” She said started: native awareness. (Indians) she attended a spiritual unity convention at she knows o f a current Maine Indian wouldn’ be heard through regular chan t Pleasant Point Passamaquoddv reservation nels. The system was geared for the great feminist who reminds her o f Annie Mae. 1975, organized by two Indian women, “ It white father concept. It was time for self- Toney is concerned for Canadian Indian was entirely different. It was unbelievable.” determination . . . to face the truth that the women, who lose their Indian status if they She prayed to the Four Corners, and “This marry a non-Indian; yet the same is not true treaties weren’ working.” t time I had to listen.” For Isabelle, the elders were saying that for Indian men. “They are in the process of Not all of her life has been spiritual. She younger Indians lacked spirituality. She changing the Indian Act.” Toney said, worked as a keypunch operator, record recalled that "Annie Mae's goal in life was adding that a protest march by Indian keeper and nurse. She received a medal for to write a native people’ history o f the women — 100 miles from a Quebec reserve s * volunteering at a U.S. Army clinic. She lived land.” She said that during "time o f f ’ at to Ottawa — brought attention to the in Boston awhile. “The medicine people The Longest Walk rally in Washington, inequality. were saying go back to the elders, while D.C., she visited the Smithsonian and saw Overall, Isabelle is convinced the past another group of people was saying get the body of an Innuit (Eskimo). It seemed to decade brought much progress for Indians, educated. That's when the Boston Indian her the bones were exhibited as an example although she noted that Wampanoags of Council approached me to go to college, o f what will happen if you don’ conform. Mashpee, Mass., “found out the court has t she said. She felt hurt and sad. “ I feel hurt that the the right to terminate a tribe.” Isabelle earned her master’ degree in art white man believes that he can break the s Looking ahead, Isabelle is optimistic. “ If from Goddard College, in 1975. “Then I spirit by degrading the body,” she said. you put a leader in there who is not aware o f had to decide what to do with it. I thought it In 1975 she started to write poetry, some the complexities of his role, he’ ncft going to s would open doors for me.” of which has appeared in Wabanaki get as much done as a leader who can slip A teaching position at all-Indian Manitou Alliance. She said she doesn’ consciously easily from the native to the white world,” t College in Quebec fell through. The degree know what motivated her to write. she said. An Indian leader must be did not open many doors after all. Isabelle started to “write down my life, "articulate in both worlds.” Isabelle will not join something unless she so my kids would understand me. But they Finally, Isabelle offers a prediction. believes in what is being done. Even in the didn’ understand me. So I started to write t Indian rights movement, ^he has had her for myself, so I could understand myself,” Behind her words are love and fierce deter mination to see her people survive. differences. When Isabelle and Annie May she said. "My prediction is that the Wabanaki were demonstrating at the BIA in 1972, an Native women are ambivalent about Confederacy is going to be revived and used Indian leader said, “It’ a good day to die.” s Women’s Liberation because some theories as a political tool. In regard to this No, she thought to herself, “it’ a good day s regarding power are in direct conflict with t ll to live.” tradition. Indian tradition is based on prediction, if it doesn’ happen. I’ make it However, “When Leonard Crow Dog survival skills where both men and women come true.” Poetry Wounded Bird in flight flesh torn open wind wings water one troubled skies erase the light flight in cloud that now the sun veneers the captive moment fears there's pride pain passion tears there's tide turns wind shifts stone cliffs ocean fills against your will hold on there’ dawn s first light in east release the storm does end the earth below does spin the heart beats still within and wings wind water one Dana Perley Beals Untitled Remembering that spring night when the air wafted thru the partly opened window and stirred a yearning inside it was crystal clear and slightly perfumed o f a not so distant past, beautiful. Red Hawk Living in the city Need to listen to mountain waters streaming song feeling my spirit turn, slower— in time with earth’ growth s to breathe free and clean thinking on the beauty o f natural growth and pace. Can do without this manmade world. There’ comfort in just knowing s places like that survive, as we might. Red Hawk Mlosses Old man child walks on wobbly legs once more, seeking yesterday’ dreams, s in his old frail body. Soon his spirit will soar. in release. still searching light his spirit guidance we seek. Red Hawk 1977 �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance February 1980 BIA chief quits job WASHINGTON — The head of the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs will enter a private consulting business citing personal reasons — such as tuition for his children — for his resignation effective Jan. 1 9. Forrest J. Gerrard, a Blackfeet Indian, was named Assistant Secretary for Indian -Affairs to the U.S. Interior Department in 1977. His annual salary was S52.750. He stated. “As 1 return to private life, I am deeply appreciative o f the opportunity to have served the public and the Indian people.” Several months earlier, Gerrard tried to dispel rumors that he would quit his job. "This is not true,” he said at the time, adding. "I have concluded that my resigna tion at this time would be inappropriate and would not benefit the field I have the good fortune to represent.” But he admitted studying the ethics-in-goverament act which places restrictions on employment after working in federal service. In a recent interview, Gerard said the U.S. Supreme Court has resolved major controversy in supporting Indian fishing rights in the state of Washington, and in ruling that tribes do not have criminal juris diction over non-Indians on reservations. "While I was not happy with the Supreme Court decision on jurisdiction, it seems it cleared the air a bit on tribal jurisdiction,” he said.- A ITA prospects unchanged A ORONO — Although no changes have occurred in Maine Indian Transportation Association’ (MITA) financial picture, s buses continue to run on a limited basis. Lorraine Nelson, MITA director, said she expected to continue providing services at the current level through March. After that, she had no idea what would happen to the program, she said. A funding shortfall has crippled the transportation agency since December, forcing some buses off the roads. Since then limited service has been restored. Pleasant Point has two buses operating, providing free service to the elderly and handicapped and making runs to Perry, Eastport, and Calais, charging fares ranging from $.50 to $2.00. Indian Township has one bus back in operation, making one trip to Calais. There is no charge. Indian Island has one full and one parttime bus running for handicapped and elderly people. Association of Aroostook Indians has been able to maintain its services with various contracting agencies such as nursing homes and migrant worker groups. Nelson was optimistic that Maine De partment o f Transportation Section 18 funds would soon be available, but said no one knows when they will be distributed. She said she is also reapplying for a Title XX grant following rejection of an earlier application. Indian foster parents needed Pehrson-Baker wed in Island ceremony INDIAN ISLAND — Nancy Pehrson of Indian Island was married to Daniel Baker, a native o f Gloucester, Mass., this month. The new Mrs. Baker is daughter of Penobscot tribal governor Wilfred Pehrson and Joan Pehrson. Her husband is son of Mrs. Delores Baker o f Gloucester, Mass. The bride is a graduate of John Bapst High School in Bangor and has taken a year of study at Bangor Community College. She and her husband met while he was working with Young Adult Conservation Corps on Indian Island. The wedding was held in the home of Deanna LeBretton, the bride’ sister. The s couple plans to live on Indian Island. ORONO — During the past year Central Maine Indian Association (CMIA) has been involved in a project dealing with services to Indian children. O f major focus has been foster care placements of Indian children with non-Indian families. Much research has been done that shows' severe problems can occur when Indian children are removed from their culture. Indian children who need foster care should be placed in Indian homes, studies indicate. There are over one hundred Indian children in foster care and less than six licensed Indian foster homes in Maine. The problem is obvious. "W e would like to see this number increased,” says CMIA. The off-reservation group is actively recruiting foster homes in Penobscot and Piscataquis County. Obituary DELIA (DAYLIGHT) RANCO INDIAN ISLAND — Delia (Daylight) Ranco, 87, of 70 West St., Indian Island, died Jan. 29. She was born in Old Town Sept. 24, 1892, the daughter o f Frank and Josephine (Susep) Mitchell. She was the widow o f Nicholas J. Ranco. She was a member o f St. Ann’ Catholic Church, s Indian Island. She is survived by two sons, Nicholas of Boothbay Harbor and Frederick of Conway, N.H.; five grandchildren, and three great-grandchildren. Spring burial will be in the tribal cemetery. FREEMAN MOREY has been hired as outreach worker for Central Maine Indian Association, Orono. A graduate of Old Town High School, Morey, 26, is a Passamaquoddy who grew up with a foster family. His real father lives in Bangor; his real mother in BucksporL On the day this photo was taken, he discovered a lost brother in Georgia. Morey and his wife Kimberly Jane have a daughter, Raven Renee, born Dec. 27,1979. ii f Hfk - INDIANP LCRAFT SU P IE S ' 148 Page hM tt Catalog c d c c r . _ , For free catalog. The world's largest Indian Cratti Catalog. More than 4,000 Items to choose tram I Trade Beads, Tin Cones, Brass Beads. Moire Taffeta Ribbon. Ermine Skins. Bone Elk Teeth. Shawl Fringe andYam. GREY OWL s * Indian Craft Manufacturing Co ^5CM)2Beav<^ * * * Applications sought by Indian art school SANTA FE, N.M. — Applications are now being accepted for the second quarter at the Institute o f American Indian Arts here. The institute, a two-year arts college program, offers the associate o f fine arts degree in two dimensional arts, three dimen sional arts, museum training and creative writing. It also has a developing major in drama and dance. The institute is a part of the comprehen sive Indian education program under the direction o f the Bureau o f Indian Affairs. It is the only school in the nation established to provide accelerated art. Its student popu lation often represents as many as 80 tribes and 26 states. The content o f the art curriculum covers a wide range o f media in both traditional and contemporary approaches. There are cours es in drawing, painting with oils, acrylic and water colors, design in two and three di mensional, illustration (commercial), cer amic pottery, sculpture in wood, stone and clay, jewelry, photography and printmaking. There are also offerings in art history of the world since the beginning o f time in cluding a special course in art history. For applications or information, write: Admissions, Institute o f American Indian Arts, 1300 Cerrillos Road, Santa Fe. JOB OPPORTUNITIES The Department of Employment De velopment is now accepting applications from eligible Indian or Native Americans for participation in the following CETA Programs: I. Youth Employment and Training Program (YETP) The purpose o f this program is to enhance the job prospects and career opportunities o f Indian and Native American Youth, including employment, community service opportunities, and such training and supportive services as are necessary. Eligibility for Participation (YETP) a. Every participant at the time o f ap plication must be: 1 An Indian or Native America . Youth; 2. Unemployed, or underemployed, or an in school youth; 3. 14 through 21 years o f age; 4. A member o f a family with a total Family Income, annualized on a six month basis, at or below 85% o f the lower living standard income level. Allowable Activities and Services To eligible applicants, this program can provide employment opportunities, training and supportive services includ ing: Useful work experience oppor tunities in fields such as education, health care, crime prevention and con trol, environmental quality control (to include pest management activities), assistance in the weatherization o f homes, conservation and other activities. Participant Wages are $3.10 per hour to start. 2. Youth Community Conservation and Improvement Projects (YCCIP) Projects will insure that participants do constructive work in terms of in dividual and community benefits. Pro jects will include, but not be limited to, the rehabilitation, construction, or im provement o f Public Facilities, weatheri zation and house repair to low income housing and conservation activities. Eligibility for Participation (YCCIP) a. In order to participate, an in dividual must at the time o f enrollment be: 1 An Indian or Native American . Youth 16 through 19 years o f age; 2. Unemployed. Participant Wages are $3.10 per hour to start. Contact: Department of Employment Development, Indian Island, Me. 04468 207-827-7776 TRAINEE — Tor Smith, a graduate of Ricker College, is a management trainee with Association of Aroostook Indians in Houlton. For the past six months he has been trying to develop effective management and reporting systems for AAI. His CETAfunded jo b may run another year. Correction A story that appeared on the front page of the December 1979 issue o f Wabanaki Alliance incorrectly stated that a tumor removed from a cancer patient weighed nine pounds. That is impossible; the tumor weighed considerably less, according to Dr. Ernest Ballesteros o f Eastern Maine Medi cal Center. Also, the story reported that Walter Read Army Medical Center filmed the operation. Actually, a doctor from the center observed the operation. MEDICAL POSITIONS AVAILABLE Medical Social Worker Associate To work in a rural health center providing general counseling services and assuring that each person secures his/her entitlements. Job experience in human services required, preferably in medical setting. A.C.S.W. supervision available. Minimum requirement: Associate De gree in Social Work. Dental Hygienist To provide services at two sites (Eastport and Pleasant Point), and education for the Pleasant Point service area population. Experience preferred. Salaries commensurate with education and experience. Application deadline for both positions is March 14, 1980. For further information or application, contact: PLEASANT POINT HEALTH CENTER BOX 351 PERRY, ME. 04667 Attn.: Shirley Bailey _______________853-4654_______________ NOTICE "Special Election" CENTRAL MAINE INDIAN ASSOCIATION MARCH 13,1980 at 7 p.m. RESOURCE CENTER CONFERENCE ROOM 95 Main St., Orono, Me. Openings for — 1 Board Member President Appointments to — Wabanaki Board DIS Board (Div. o f Indian Services/ Wabanaki Alliance) FRC/ITF (Federal Regional Council/Indian Task Force) Personnel Comm. Refreshments will be served. The meeting is open and your participation is needed. �Wabanaki Alliance February 1980 Page 7 A memory of other times and places by Brenda Polchies Area Reporter I want to relate a memory I have o f my grandfather, Leo Tomab and relate a speck o f time while I was living on the reservation. My grandfather is very old now. He has seen eighty summers and eighty winters in this month o f February 1980. in the living room or the hallway, beside a warm, woodburning stove, splitting or shaving his ash weavers for fancy baskets or scraping smooth his axe handles with a crooked knife. His eldest sons were occupied, with employment in the woods and after they had pounded and stripped a stick of ask, this was a regular routine he performed every day. He was silent while working but he was happy and content in this kind of atmosphere. On the reserve, it seemed to me things were very uncomplicated, back then. There Penobscot tribal clinic at Indian Island. was a quiet which surrounded the reserve for there were no cars or trucks that anyone owned. Transportation was usually by hitching rides on the main highway, taxi services were provided by a lady cabdriver whose name was Vicky, and bus transpor (Continued from page 1 ) tation was used frequently to get into town building designed by Watie Akins, Pen Penobscot Health and Social Services which was twelve miles away . . . Fred ericton. obscot. When a fire is crackling in the fire Director Eunice Baumann — a tribal Joe Solomon’ house was the place place, and the elderly o f the tribe are enjoy member — agreed. “Team leadership came s everyone liked to gather for playing cards* ing a hot lunch, some o f that warm glow about so. I was going to say naturally, but t t usually poker or forty-five raffle was played; reflects on Paul Buckwalter. He doesn’ team leadership doesn’ just happen. It or to gather in the kitchen in the early and brag about it: "It's off the ground," he said. takes a dedication, and competent train The Penobscots have but one major area ing," she said. late evenings and sit around and listen to Baumann spoke o f an effective foursome still needing work, Buckwalter said, and someone tell stories about strange hap s penings on the reserve. For the raffles, that’ the need for a new school. With that consisting o f herself, Buckwalter, Denise numerous cakes, pies, cookies, and quilts exception, he said he believes the tribe “got Mitchell and Barbara Merrill. Together they got the health center off and running. “ It’ s would be played off. This was not so much into total development.” s Buckwalter compared Indian Island to so hard to express one’ gratitude and for the money as it was just an excuse to “get t the adjacent city. “The tribe is finishing its appreciation. I don’ think the program something doing" for Saturday nights. community development with only a few would have gotten off so well without him,” A staying spirit Baumann said of Buckwalter. Today, 1 miss seeing my grandfather what I call white Legionnares coming in to "It was a team, not hierarchical. A real working down at the workshop. Most days help, while Old Town is just beginning com munity development and the population democratic process. He (Buckwalter) was o f the week, very early, 1 could look out of very instrumental in setting the tone for a my kitchen window and see my grandfather scale, the resources Old Town has, are at democratic approach, instead o f authori outside of his shop cutting down a splint of least tenfold what Indian Island has. Many towns get into piecemeal development.” Not tarian," Baumann said. ash or 1 could hear the ash pounder being Buckwalter describes himself as a "sys worked at, to prepare his ash to make potato so the Penobscots, Buckwalter said. “Mind you, it’ been stressful and costly,” tems and organization man," but one who s baskets, clothes baskets, pack baskets, or to s he said. "The tribe during the same period does not forget John Dean's idea that “it’ work on whatever orders he might have took on a major land claim. They took on important to smell the flowers along the accumulated during the past month. way.” My grandfather is the one person who the world.” Penobscot Gov. Wilfred Pehrson paid Buckwalter said he has enjoyed having a seemed to maintain a strong and staying front row seat on the land claims. “Now that tribute to Buckwalter, saying his departure spirit and who exerted an unconscious was "Washington County’s gain and the took a lot p f chutzpa, and they're going to influence on me while growing up. To some win,” he said, leaving no doubt that he fully Penobscot Nation's loss. He’s done a lot for people, this might seem a bit unusual. The the tribe, he’s worked hard. I hope we can son or the daughter usually relates to his supports the tribe in their endeavors. Internal “politicking" and personality turn around and get a person of the same father or her mother best. But for me, my conflicts are often blamed for problems, caliber.” grandfather never changed — he had a Eunice Baumann said she cried at the setbacks and failures of tribal projects. fierce independence — he stayed the same, Buckwalter said, “If you can keep the farewell party. until the recent death o f his youngest son. One of three ordained ministers at the political process at 30 per cent of your time, Now. he is lying down on his bed, mourning you’ in good shape. The Penobscots are in Penobscot health center, Buckwalter (Epis re quietly, and waiting to die. I love and copalian) worked in the company o f the a 30-40 per cent range.” respect my grandfather because he repre Buckwalter, who has attended many Reverends Maynard Kreider and Bruce sents my ancestral past; he was someone I council sessions, said discussions can get Spang. A native of Holyoke, Mass., Bucksaw as being steady and constant, and only pretty tense, but "when things get too bad, waiter is a 1956 graduate o f Yale, where he in recent years I have come to appreciate everyone starts laughing — it’ a sort of earned a BA and MA, and attended one s him for what he really is. year at Yale Divinity School. He graduated grace.” 1love you, grandfather, Leo Tomah. If there’ anything Buckwalter wants to from Episcopal Divinity School in Cam s be remembered for, it’ team effort. He was bridge, Mass., and took graduate courses in s at first Director, but ended up Deputy community planning at University o f Cin Director. This never bothered him; "we cinnati. He and his wife, Sally, have seven either go together, or we don’ go at all,” he t children, and they live in Orland. said. Buckwalter's approach AREA REPORTER — Brenda Polchies, a Maliseet residing in Hoolton, is a regular contributor to Wabanaki Alliance. Readers should contact her at 532-7317 [office], or home, 532-9296. She is employed by Asso ciation of Aroostook Indians and is a board member of this newspaper. The earliest visions I have o f my grand father are dim, as in a dream, for I was but three or four years old. We all lived on the Kingsclear Reserve in New Brunswick; my grandfather, my mother, my four uncles, and our dog Shep. This time span was in the late forties and early fifties. During this time, we lived in a six room house with no electricity, no running water, no indoor plumbing. Kerosene lamps were used; on the part o f the reserve we lived, one central pump supplied water for everyone and water pails were a common sight. Also, a cold, deep spring was visited frequently when the water pump was out o f kilter. As 1 grew older, 1 became more involved in helping out with the family chores. Countless times. I trudged up that dirt road carrying two pails, one in each hand, or running down the path to fetch water at the spring which was located down a steep ravine near a stream that flowed into the St. John River. I still remember my mother using a heavy iron, heated on the kitchen woodstove, to do the weekly ironing after washing clothes in the washtub on a scrubbing board. Rainwater was depended on extensively for washing clothes. Silent but content While my mother worked at the Heatherington’ in Silverwood, near Fredericton, my s grandfather kept an eye on me and at the same time worked on his craft o f making baskets, snowshoes, and axe handles. In the six room house we lived in, in my mind’ eye, s I can still see my grandfather sitting either INDIAN STUDENTS WANTED FOR SOCIAL W ORK PROJECT The Native American Social Work Project, San Francisco State University, is accepting applications from American Indian students who are interested in Social Work. The project started in 1977 and has nine undergraduate and nine graduate students enrolled. Qualifications for admission are at least V Indian blood, 56 trans * ferable units, and a desire to become a Social Worker. Students receive stipends of $150 a month undergraduate, and $325 graduate students. Books and in-state tuition is also paid. If you are interested and want more information, write to Margaret DeOcampo Eisenbise, Native American Social Work Project, San Francisco State University, 160G Holloway Ave., San Francisco, California 94132, or call (415) 334-6076 or (415) 469-1005. O p en in g 3 M arch in O ron o SKITIKUK m S S S S S 0 OUTFITTERS Specialists in Wilderness Travel SALES - RENTAIS • GUIDE SERVICE Featuring IGAS Island Packs and Travelling G ea r O p en H ou se S a tu r d a y 1 M a r ch 10-4 COME BY AND MEET US 38 Main St. O ron o 866-4878 �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance Febroary 1980 Noel Bear was Grand Old Man of Aroostook tion drove many o f the fur-bearing animals on towards the end. In another while, you From The Boston Herald 1904 Famed from the waters o f the Kennebec to the north and the laws of the state begin to push, and I have to nudge further along the entire course of the Aroostook and protecting its forest charges became so along. When I get dose to the edge, then you to the headwaters of the St. John is Noel stringent as to practically prohibit obtaining give a big shove and I— the Indian— where Bear, an Indian, and old-timer hunter of them as a means of livelihood; the store am I? Off the log. I have no seat except on moose and other wild animals. At the lowest keepers at the little trading posts would give the ground. I have to sit there or else get up Figure he is 104 years old, while more ex him credit for any amount he desired. It was and walk away off. You have the whole log, s travagant estimates put the mark up to 116. Noel’ habit to saunter into one o f the and it is more than you know what to do The old man is still sturdy and hearty and trading shanties at the times when his with, but I— the Indian— I have nothing. I he is favorably regarded wherever he seeks means of-getting a living were at the lowest must find another log, and then pretty soon, to sell his baskets, making which is his chief ebb. “I want some flour, some pork, some just when I get to like it, you come along and push me o ff that too. source of gaining a living. His mental con bacon, some molasses,” he would say. When the goods were ready, the trader1 “That’s the way the white men do to the dition is nothing short o f marvelous, in view would inquire, as if he expected all the time Indian. They don’ care, it is only the Indian t o f his great age, and he is still capable of accomplishing what to the average white to be paid at once in cash, “Well how do I who cares, and he can do nothing but what know when I will get my money, if ever, the white man tells him he can do. I think man are remarkable physical feats. and think for days about it. The Indians Among the sportsmen he is a particular Noel?” “In two months I bring in some good furs have no power. My sons have no strength. I favorite, and many a deer and moose have and my brothers are weak. In the days when been trailed and shot through the advice and pay all up,” he would reply. At the time specified, the old man would we could fight, the white men were like the and information given by the expert old appear at the store with his bundle o f furs leaves o f the trees. If they were taken off, Indian. During the summer and fall he has ;been making his house in a grove o f woods and announce that he was in readiness to others would grow again — sometimes two about eight miles from Fort Fairfield, where liquidate his obligation. There was no grew where there was only one before. The there was ample opportunity for him to find occasion for the trader to examine his Indian is like the branches on the trees. books. Noel knew to a cent what he had had, Break one off and it never comes again. the ash saplings needed in his work. “The Indian young men do not want When a representative of the Boston and he exacted an absolutely correct Herald visited his camp recently, the old man was calmly trimming a bundle of basket weaves as he sat on a stump before his campfire, occasionally lifting his eyes from his work to see that a crawling papoose did not get too close to the glowing embers. Peace with the world and contentment with his lot seemed portrayed in his placid features. Barring the modern cut o f his well-worn trousers and shirt, the scene resembled one of 200 years ago, when, probably, the old man’ ancestors gathered about campfires s in that same vicinity and occupied them selves as he did. Even the twentieth century style o f the garments could not entirely disassociate the idea that the picture presented was in aboriginal times, and that the methods and manners were those o f the days before the white man had journeyed to the western hemisphere. In front p f his rough workshop was a tent made by throwing a piece o f canvas over a cross-piece. His hearing was slightly defec tive for an Indian. He could not detect the musical invitation o f a ground squirrel to its mate in the woods. His command o f the English language is fairly good, and his voice is clear and resonant. The knotted muscles in his huge arms and hands are yet firm and hard and it is no task for him to walk all day through the different towns with a load o f baskets, moccasins or axe handles on his back. ' Physically and mentally he is the equal o f any white man of 60 years. He is somewhat mixed when he comes to t figure his age, in one respect, however. It is accounting, but he never went beyond the civilization — it is not for them to live like in regard to the birth of his son. The Herald time when he said he would call around and the white men. They want to go through the woods and hunt and fish — live as their representative asked him how old the son is. settle. “Oh, about 70,” replied Noel. To the question if there was not some fathers lived. The white man says no. The “And, how old were you when he was event by which he could fix his exact age, Indian obeys. Then our young men will not Noel replied to the Herald representative: “ I live like the white men and they drink the bom ?” "Oh. I guess about 50,” he replied. As a have no education like you. I have no way to whiskey and gin. They forget the woods and matter o f fact, the son, Peter, a quite well- tell the white man. I think I am about 104 the streams; no more do they want the to-do farmer o f Maple Grove, near Fort years old, but it may be 106. Some people moose and the salmon: they just lie and Fairfield, is nearly 80, and he was bom when say that I am older than that, but I do not sleep. Pretty soon they are no good. The white man has pushed the Indian off the log think so. I am very old; over a hundred. Noel was about 25. “When I first came around here in this again. If it was not for the corroborative^ “I was happy with my father when we testimony o f so many o f the older inhabi country, along the Aroostook and St. John tants o f the country, it would perhaps be rivers, there were no white men and houses. hunted and fished. The laws you white men difficult to find people ready to accept his There was only one house at Tobique Point, make keeps us huddled over the fire and statements in regard to his age, but the some miles off. My father came here and working with our hands. We must do it to positive declarations made, leave no room hunted moose and fished in the rivers. Why, get enough to eat. The law will not let us for doubt that he passed the century mark right here in this little grove where I have my seek the deer and fish that we want, except several years ago. Noel figures from four to camp I have, killed the moose, but now I for two or three months in a year. So I work six years. It may have been more; it does not have to go a long way into the woods to get at the camp fire and then sell my baskets and axe handles. That is not what I call the seem possible that it could have been any one. “Ah, the white man, he has made the laws happiness. I want to get out in the woods less. The old Indian is a well-known figure which keep the Indian from getting the and hunt — be free. This is no happiness; throughout the northern and northeastern moose and deer. The white men have not this is only work to get food. The white men portions o f the state. Wherever he goes he is been good to the Indians. Let me tell you do not know what the Indian knows. We well liked. He was never known to do an how they are: You and I, we sit down on a want no houses in place o f our tepees. What unfair thing or an act of unkindness. His log. Little while you shove along. I move good are the cities against the great forests? word has been scrupulously kept throughout towards the end to give you some room. What use is all the noise and bustle against his life, and forty or fifty years ago, when he Pretty soon you shove along again. Then I the calm and peace o f the woods? There is made a good living in the woods by hunting move along some more. By and by, you the happiness for us. We are still willing the and trapping, before the march of civiliza shove a little closer to me, and I keep going white men shall have what they want; we shall never bother them in their cities, but why can’ they let us have the woods: No: t they drive us further and further away, and we go and want nothing but to be left free, and then come the white men again and say we shall not do this and we shall not do that, and laws are made that are unfair to the Indian. The Great Father gave the Indians the woods and the streams, and the white men have taken them away. It is not right to the Indian. The Great Father knows, it is not right. “When I was a boy, we had our chance to fish and hunt the moose and deer. We went far north in the summer and far south in the winter. Where the animals were, we followed after, and at the lodges, the women kep the corn growing for us, so it was ripe when we can back from the hunting. The Indian did not get drunk then. He had his family and his wigwam, and the woods and the streams were his. Now it is all gone. “I see the white men today can waik only a few miles and they are tired out. When I was younger, I would go 100 miles in a sun and run or trot all the time. It did not tire me. I am not so strong now. I can walk all day without feeling it too much, but not like I could in the time when I had the wild meat to eat. That is what makes an Indian strong and able to go through the woods— the moose and the deer and the salmon right from the rivers. This soft meat the white man eats today— that is not what makes men hard and healthy. They are women; that is all. The fresh meat from the woods for an Indian; but the white men say no: we cannot have it. We must eat what they eat: live as they live. The Indian never can be strong and well again as long as he does the way the white man does. “ When my father and I hunted and fished, we used to go all through the eastern part of Maine, and up into Canada and across to New Brunswick. We did not care where we went so long as the hunting and fishing were good. Then, when the winter came, we got enough deer and moose to last us through the deepest snows and we would go back to the southern part and wait for spring. Those were the days that made us strong and well and healthy. They made me what I am today — over 100 years old and able to take care of myself. I work every day. I make my baskets and my axe-handles, and sometimes my moccasins, and go off and sell them. I can then catch salmon in the spring, and in the fall I go to the woods after moose. I got one last fall and I will get another one this year, but it is not what it used to be. We have to hunt long and far to find when the law says we can kill it. “ It’ a strange thing about moose. In the s spring and summer I often see them a few miles from the towns as I go from one place to another, but as soon as the hunting time comes and the law is off, you have to go way back into the woods before you can see one. I think the moose knows the smell o f the powder, and when he notices it in the woods in the fall, he goes ffack as far as he knows and tries to keep out of the way. Perhaps that is not it, but I know I shall have to go 100 miles or more to find one. That would not trouble me in the days when I went into the woods with my father. I could have found the moose and killed it and come back and told about it in two days, but now it is different. I think if I went twenty-five miles through the woods today I would get tired. “ Could any o f the old white men who have grown up on soft meat be as I am? Could they live in the woods and earn their own living and make the clothes, as I do now — I am over 100 years old? No! They are feeble when they are sixty or seventy; they become children when they should be learning to command. When their power should be greatest, and their children should bow to their wills, they are weak and can do nothing but wait to die. Yes, they have the education and their brain is great. They can fight the (Continued on page 10) • ' �Wabanaki Alliance February 1980 A TIMELESS quiet is caught in the spread of a bare elm, rolling Aroostook fields in background. [Sanipass Photo] Upcountry Page 9 POLAR BEAR? This unusual natural formation of ice appears ready to pounce on its prey. [Sanipass Photo] scenes WHITTLING HORSE, found in the woods, is half buried, moss-covered and rotten, but still evokes the Indian who must have used it many years ago in his “outdoor shop.” [Sanipass Photo] PICNIC basket was made by Mary Sanipass with a Boston woman who wanted to learn the technique. Her husband Donald took the photo. SPELLBOUND eyes of Tanya Morey, six months, of Caribou, watch her grandfather, photographer Donald Sanipass. �Page 10 Wabanaki Alliance February 1980 Old Man of Aroostook " I do not think so,” he replied. “You have the education; you should know what tribe my mother came from over at Kennebec headwaters. There are Indian lands over there now, I think, and she came from the people who have them.” “Perhaps you are a Micmac, Noel,” was suggested by the customs officer. “No,” answered the old man, indignantly, “ I am no Micmac. No blood of that tribe runs in me. I do not know my tribe, but I do know that it is not Micmac. There may be some of the people who belong with mine around here but I do not know them.” There is an Indian reservation qcross the line in New Brunswick about twelve miles from Fort Fairfield. It is located on what is known as “the point” and Noel was asked if the people there were o f his same tribe. “No,” said he. “I know the people at the point, and I go over there and stay when I want to. I was over there only a little while ago, but they are not my people. They have farms and they treat me well, but it is not my tribe. I cannot tell what it is. My father did not know many people here; he did not have many close friends among the Indians. My In making basket weaves the old Indian cousin was Lolo Bear, who used to be about takes infinite pains with his work. His camp here, and I also had an uncle in Maine. My is located where tall young ash grows freely father’s name was Peter Bear. I do not think in a slight depression, and he cuts trees o f any others and I believe I never saw any of about six inches thick hauling them to the my mother’ people. So I cannot tell the s place where his tepee is pitched. Modem tribe. methods shave the ash in strips, but Noel “ My mother lived to be 116 years old, and adopts the old-fashioned Indian method. my father did not die until he was 118. I After the bark is peeled the trunk is allowed think if I had plenty of wild meat I would to soak in water until the wood is well live as long as they did, but I do not know softened. Then it is pounded its whole now. I would be stronger than I am, and if I length for hour after hour, until the fibres of could go out and fish and trap and hunt it the wood become separated and strips of would make me a happy old man. Sure, I weave about one-sixteenth o f an inch thick could not do much harm in all the wild can be pulled from the entire length o f the woods in Maine, but the white men say the log. The weave thus stripped is very pliable law will not let me, and so I must stay here and tough, and can be worked into almost and make blankets and cut out axe handles. any desired shape withoug splitting or Even that cannot last much longer. breaking. Year by year, however, so “If I cannot go into the woods, I should extensive is the forest cut, the little groves like, before I come to the last river, to go where the ash flourishes are becoming once more to Boston. I have been down scarcer, and the Indian constantly has to go there, and I would like to go again. Perhaps further back from the towns to find material some day I can do that. It would help to for his work, so that it is now seldom that a make me happy. I would like to show the good place for operations can be fixed white men what wild meat and a happy life nearer than fifteen or twenty miles to any in the woods will do to make a man live long community where there would be good and keep strong, and tell them they ought to markets for the wares o f the forest workers. let the few Indians that are left go into the “ See, said Noel Bear, indignantly, “the woods and live as their fathers lived. white man takes our forest home to make Perhaps if I talked with them they might do into houses in the city. He leaves us nothing something that would help my sons and the to work with, even after he tells us the law sons o f other Indians. They could not help will not let us get the fish and moose. But believe me, because I would not lie to does he build any better houses for himself them." than the giant trees in the woods made for At the time o f the Aroostook war, which us? Even the little ash I want for my baskets arose out of the boundary dispute between and axe handles I have to go further and Maine and New Brunswick, he was engaged further away to get. It is all fast being cut by the soldiers garrisoned in Fort Fairfield down, and then there is nothing left for us to to bring moose meat for them out o f the earn a living. But the white men do not care. woods, and he made many acquaintances They tell us to go to work on the farms and then from all over the states, as well as raise crops. As if that was life; the Indian among the regular army officers. Many knows better how to live than that.” members o f the Militia became fond o f the It is apparent that Noel’ father was one sturdy representative of a dying race. He s of the wandering Indians of the Maine likes today to revert to the remarkable fond woods, who cared little for tribal conditions ness some of the soldiers, especially Western and who preferred choosing his own way in and Southern officers, felt for moose meat the woods to following after anybody o f his when properly prepared for them. brethren or remaining with the lodges where the red men settled down to community life. (Reprinted from Ganong Collection, New When the Herald representative asked Noel Brunswick Museum Archives, Saint John, what tribe he belonged to, he declared he New Brunswick, reportedly taken from 1904 did not know. Boston Herald) "My mother,” said he, "came from the Kennebec river country, up near the head waters of the river. She left her people and went with my father and came over to this part of the state and New Brunswick, where he was born and where his people lived. We had no regular place where we stopped, A SPECIAL THANK YOU except near Old Town. That was a sort of To the many generous people of cold weather headquarters for us, and my Indian Island who donated food during mother used to have some corn ready for us my illness. Their caring is deeply there. But my father and I were there only appreciated. when we had to be. We were usually out in Patrick Shay the woods, hunting and fishing. (Continued from page 8 ) Indian, and drive him from the land, but they do not know how to live. The Indian old men do not sit down and wait for death until they get to be very old — 85, 90 or 100. “The Indian knows how to live, and his life is happy and long. What use is the big brain and education if you know not how to make yourself happy in life and contented in old age. The white man is like the great, big beautiful rose. It blossoms for a few days and then dies away, leaving nothing but a withered flower at the end of the branch. The Indian is like the field flower that nods its head gently all through the summer, not so beautiful as the rose, but living in the air and sunshine long after the pretty rose has dropped and been wasted in the ground. So the Indian lived in his own woods. He did not want to go all through the world taking what belonged to other men and dying before his right time had come; he only wished to stay quietly where he was and live where his fathers lived and as they did. Ours is the happy live, and men only live for happiness. Card of thanks “Are you a Passamaquoddy Indian?” he was asked. Legislative report Tribe left in lurch by state INDIAN ISLAND — The Penobscot tribe might have a lot o f uncollected garbage, and untreated sewage here, if the state or federal government fails to appropriate funds for a gap between July 1 and Oct. 1,1980. , The three month gap is created by a transition from state to federal Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) support o f the Pen obscot and Passamaquoddy tribes. Timothy Love, a Penobscot tribal official and Indian representative to the State Legislature, says, "there is a serious problem here, in that if we fail to fund (those three months), then we’ be without things like garbage collec ll tion, sewage treatment plant — the actual operation and maintenance costs. Love said about $200,000 is involved. At issue is Gov. Joseph Brennan’ apparent s intention to permanently shut down the state Department of Indian Affairs, created in 1965 by Gov. John Reed. Brennan is hinging his decisions about DIA on resolv ing Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims. Love said. “Without a settlement, he might refuse to fund DIA,” he said. “We’ ve asked the feds to somehow through a special appropriation o f Congress fund the months in between. If they don’ t, it’ up to the state to fund us,” Love said, s adding, “the Legislature is leaving all the weight on Brennan’ shoulders.” s A bill to rectify the funding problem was introduced prior to a December deadline by Rep. Michael Pearson, D-Old Town, but it was rejected by legislative council. Not endangered by a DIA shutdown is $50,000 in Indian college scholarships, available to Penobscots and Passamaquoddies for two-year programs, and to Micmacs and Maliseets for two and four-year pro grams. (Penobscots and Passamaquoddies have federal Bureau of Indian Affairs funds for four-year programs.) Love said he has not yet spoken on the floor o f the 109th Legislatures: "The only time I will speak is when one o f our bills is challenged.” Eight bills involving Indians were passed last year; one was withdrawn. Asked about the potential effect o f a land claims settlement on Indian participation in the Legislature (as non-voting representa tives), Love said that the tribes will attempt Rep. Timothy Love to keep their seats. The other seat, for the Passamaquoddies, is held by Rep. Reuben (Clayton) Geaves of Pleasant Point. At the time o f this interview, Cleaves had not occupied his seat for any o f the days the Legislature was in session. Love said. CMIA sets speciol meeting ORONO — Several elective positions will be filled at a meeting of Central Maine Indian Association (CMIA), slated Mar. 1 , 3 at 7 p.m., at Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St. Members o f the off-reservation group will be electing a president, to replace Donna Loring, who has been named executive director of CMIA. Also to be filled is a board member position. Representatives to be appointed include one each for Wab anaki Alliance/Division o f Indian Services; Federal Regional Council/Indian Task Force; Wabanaki Corporation board; and personnel committee. “We need your participation,” urged CMIA board member and secretary Bridget Woodward, adding that because of the elections, this is an important meeting to attend. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Owned Homes For Sale t= J Throughout The State Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY Minimum Down Payment Financing Available Through V.A. 30 Year Loan — No Closing Costs 12% Interest. Anyone Can Buy You Don'f Have To Be A Veteran See Your Local Real Estate Broker Or Contact VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207*623-8411 Ext. 433 osoeosoccocciccosecccc �W abanaki Alliance February 1980 Karate offered at AAI building HOULTON — Karate classes are now being conducted out of the Association of Aroostook Indians building on Bowdoin Street, with a good attendance Wednesday night. Feb. 7. o f at least 30 people turning out for registration and an initial class. There is a weekly fee o f $3 being charged to help pay for karate instructors, who are travelling all the way from Van Buren. The YMCA o f Houlton is sponsoring these classes in self-defense and Tae Kwon Do. Karate instructor Ralph Dumond holds a first degree black belt, full contact Tae Kwan Do, and is a member of the North Atlantic TKD Association. His assistant is Nancy Dumond who holds a purple belt. The class activities will offer physical conditioning, self defense, martial arts form, full contact sparring with protective equip ment optional. Karate class activities will run for as long as there are enough participants. Ages being accepted in the class are from 8 years on up. Also release forms must be signed by participants to relieve responsibility from the Association of Aroostook Indians and the YMCA for any possible injuries sustained during karate class time. Classes begin every Wednesday evening, beginning at 7 and will run until 9:30 p.m. Women in photo named A faithful reader o f this newspaper, Winifred G. January, has identified the women in the back page Flashback Photo in the January issue of Wabanaki Alliance. Winifred (Apid Nelson) January, a Penob scot tribal member living in California, is on the far left. Others, left to right, are Molly Tomer. Lucy Nicolar. Dorothy Ranco. Mary Alice (Molly Dellis) Nelson and Evelyn Glossian. “ Dorothy's name was Dulity, and Eve lyn’ name is Madasin (Indian names),” s points out Mrs. January. “ P.S., we were very young then . . . taken quite a few years back.” she adds. Sell Fast Wabanaki Alliance, Maine's only Indian newspaper, now offers advertising at reasonable rates. Take advantage of an opportunity to reach about 3,500 readers — most of them Indian persons — through a display advertisement o f your choice. Call or write us for rates and other information. WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 Main S t Orono, Maine 04473 Tel. [207] 866-4903 EMPLOYMENT COUNSELOR CARIBOU AREA Immediate Opening Permanent position for employment counselor for training and employment program serving migrant and seasonal farm workers. Must provide employment related counseling, develop training and employment goalst and identify barriers to employment. Must develop work ex perience sites, and work with area school systems. Evaluate participants progress and assist Job Developer in placing participant in permanent employment. Must have ability to supervise small professional staff. Training and or ex perience in employment counseling de sirable. Transportation is required, mile age is reimbursed. Eligible applicants in Aroostook area. Send resume to: Jeffrey Dow. Mirgrant and Seasonal Farm Workers Program, P.O. Box 223, Houl ton, Maine 04730. All others send resume to: Maine Indian Manpower Services, 93 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473, c/o Allen Sockabasin. Page 1 1 Committee strives to improve teaching about Indians A smile says a lot Alcoholism counselor Louis Paul jokes with client, but takes his job at Association for Aroostook Indians very seriously. Paul is a Maliseet from Woodstock, N.B. Ashland woman serves as mother to homeless ASHLAND — Tilly West is a well known name in Aroostook Indian country. She likes to sign herself "T.W.,” and the modesty extends to refusing to have her picture taken. But T.W. is not shy about taking in Indian people who need help, and her rural farmhouse on Castle Hill has been a haven for young persons w'ho have run away, been kicked out. or are in some other difficulty. West, a Micmac. likes her independence. "I'm a volunteer worker and I have been for 40 years. I open my door to everyone, if it's a human being I open my door,” she said. Her non-Indian husband goes along with her generosity. "I can’ be hired, and no-one can t fire me." she said. West recalled finding a boy wandering in the woods, eight years old. “ He knew his name but he wouldn't tell us. He broke into camps, and would put the window back. He took very little o f everything." Another time she helped a 14-year-old girl jailed on a "morals” charge. One homeless boy and girl fled Massachusetts, ended up at Tilly West's, are now married and living in Canada. Not all who pass through the unofficial Ashland foster care home are so fortunate. West once took a three-week-old baby from a drunken family scene (no-one even noticed her go, she said), but despite hospital attention, the baby died. Alcoholism, drug abuse and child abuse all contribute to problems West encounters among Indians. She should know. A native o f Nova Scotia, she was one o f eight children. Seven o f them became alcoholics. Tilly ran away to Florida. West usually takes in two persons at a time, up to about four months. She tries to set ground rules, and sometimes they stick. She said she has seen alcoholic girls “who don't touch it now." She said children would work in the Wests' garden. “ I teach them crafts . . . I've tended to orient myself to children. West was at one time the only Indian person in her area. She has one daughter, Donna, who is married with a son and lives elsewhere. West said she keeps journals and likes to write about her young visitors. “ I wrote about them because it was so heart breaking." West does not drink, smoke or use foul language, and she said she "is not afraid" of persons who do. Indian children are different from white children. West said. “The Indian children are not that helpless. But all the white children had to have a sitter, or a telephone number to call." West said Indian children are under pressure to act like non-Indians. But “no matter how hard we try, we can never be white. “ Indians aren’ meant to be progressive. t They can act like white men, they can talk like white men, but they’ never succeed.” ll She summed up her own philosophy, in reference to Alcoholics Anonymous, saying. “Credit is due my Indians. If he or she has come forward, he or she is asking for help, and we must answer that need. And if we fail to answer that call — do you hear the last cry?" LOVE'S AMOCO INDIAN ISLAND Loving care for your car BRUNSWICK — An education commit tee of the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), has been meeting since March 1979 in an effort to find wavs to improve teaching about Indians in Maine schools. Several of those attending meetings were also part of an Indian writing committee that wrote chapters about native Americans to be included in a Maine studies textbook called Dirigo. Other members of the 1 5 person committee include Maine school teachers, and members of Maine Indian Program Committee, part o f AFSC. In October, 1979, the education commit tee sponsored a workshop conducted by nine Indian resource people for teachers and librarians interested in improving what they present about native Americans in the schools. (See “Quaker Workshop Probes Indian Stereotypes." Jan. 1980, Wabanaki Alliance.) More than 100 people came to the all-day session, which included a panel discussion and workshops on topics such as Indian history, education from an Indian perspective, crafts, storytelling and folklore, contemporary Indian programs, and stereotyping in school materials. Displays in cluded recommended books and materials for classroom use. The education committee has been com piling an annotated bibliography of books and films concerning Maine Indians — including a list o f recommendations — developing sample curriculum units, and ways to respond to schools' requests for Indians willing to speak to classes. The committee is applying for grants to continue to sponsor workshops and -try new ideas, such as hiring Indians to develop materials for use in the schools, running week-long sessions for Indians and teachers to develop lessons, or starting a film library. The committee would like to encourage Indians and non-Indians who share con cerns to come to the next meeting on Friday, Feb. 29, at 6 p.m., at Newman Center, Orono; or the following meeting tentatively set April 11. at 2:30 p.m., in Orono. People who cannot attend meetings but are interested in helping in other ways, or those who have materials or ideas that work well in the classroom are encouraged to let the committee know. We are also interested in hearing from Indians who would like to be kept informed about long and short term paid positions as writers and curriculum developers, and as resource people for workshops. For more information, contact Mary Griffith. AFSC. 22 Riverview Drive. Brunswick: telephone 725-5854. Dirigo texibook set for publication GARDINER — Maine Dirigo, a junior high school textbook with chapters on Indians o f Maine, is scheduled for fall pub lication, along with teaching guides and a sourcebook. A flyer announces that the book — edited and mostly written by educator Dean B. Bennett of Gardiner — will be published by Downeast Magazine o f Camden, Education Division. Chapter three will deal with native people 10.000 years ago and early European settlement; chapter four will present “the Indian point o f view,” and will point out Wabanaki people's involvement in wars between 1675 and 1783. Chapter six, subtitled Native People in Maine, offers “a brief history o f the Passamaquoddy. Penobscot, Micmac and Mali seet Native Americans in Maine since the American Revolution.” Many photographs, old and contempor ary, were given to the textbook project by this newspaper. A committee o f Indian people spent many hours revising the portion o f the text dealing with Indians. �Page 1 2 Wabanaki Alliance February 1980 Floshbock ph oto Subscribers show generosity INDIAN ISLAND FROM INDIAN LANDING; OLD TOWN MAINE ORONO — This newspaper has em barked on its first year o f charging sub scription fees, and already many enthus iastic subscribers have gotten aboard. The very first to subscribe after last month's front page announcement was F. Brucie Greene o f Fredericton, N.B. (Canada), who writes a regular column of Maliseet Indian news for the Daily Gleaner in that city. Other early subscribers are Frances and Raymond Mitchell of Orono; Alice Liljegren o f Moline. Illinois (she took out four subscriptions for friends); Clement and Margaret Neptune o f Oak Ridge. N.J.; James Wherry o f Houlton; Janet Rhodes o f Camden: Charles Zumbrennen o f Limestone. Joseph Biscula of Indian Island (two subscriptions). Ken neth Poynter of Dryden; Jean Chavaree o f Indian Island; Jennie Boynton of INDIAN ISLAND in the era before the 1951 bridge from Old Town was built. Note the many tall trees, probably elms, the basket store by the water; tribal hall at left, background; St. Ann’ Church and convent, much as they appear today; and bateau being rowed to Old s Town float, where three canoes are beached. The day looks warm and calm, the girls in the shade are wearing short sleeve dresses. (Photo courtesy of Josie Neptune of Indian Island] Fire evicts 3 from home INDIAN TOWNSHIP — A fire last month forced three residents o f a recently constructed triplex here to move out. at least until repairs are made. The Jan. 1 tire in elderly housing ar Peter 3 Dana Point gutted a unit being used for emergency housing o f tribal members, occupied by John Tomah. Other occupants of the building who had to move in with neighbors temporarily were Justin Lola and Leonard Levesque. There were no injuries. The tire is under investigation for suspected arson, according to Richard Dana, a certified member of the Indian Township Volunteer Fire Department. That investigation is being supervised by Lt. Norman Nicholson of Indian Township Police Department. Responding to the fire was the tribal fire department — using a new firetruck for the second time — assisted by firefighters from nearby Princeton Fire Department. Dana said a good cooperative agreement exists between tribe and town. The fire-damaged building sits on the site o f a building that was destroyed by fire several years ago in an alleged arson case, taking about 15 minutes to burn flat, according to Dana. All houses in the area are located within 100 feet of a hydrant, but Dana said materials used in construction were "just like turpentine” in the earlier fire. Repair of the existing damaged property is the responsibility o f the tribal housing authority, directed by George Stevens. Dana reports the recently organized fire department does not yet have a chief, but has 12 volunteers. Anthropologist aids Indians HOULTON — The Association of Aroostook Indians (AAI) is reaping the benefit o f a resident scholar. He is James D. Wherry. 31. a Pennsyl vania native who since last April has been researching Indian genealogy, and com piling a history of Maliseet Indians in The County. He has also worked on Micmac ancestry in AAI country. The history, said Wherry, is about 80 per cent complete, and he looks forward to pub lication. Meanwhile, he is teaching a course at the former Ricker College in Houlton. now an extension of Unity College. The course. Native People of Northeastern North America, is “a course we wanted white people to take." Wherry said, explaining, "there is a lack o f understanding between Indian and white people” in Aroostook County. Fourteen non-Indian persons enrolled in Wherry's course, which ends Feb. 29. It began Jan. 7 . Wherry, a graduate of California State College. California. Pa., earned his master's degree from University o f New Brunswick. He has written the forward for the recently reprinted Life and Traditions o f The Red news notes Training program TUCSON. Ariz. — The University of Arizona department of speech and hearing sciences has received a three-vear. $345,000 grant to establish a training program in speech pathology and audiology for Indians. The program entails the study o f normal speech. language development and speech, language and hearing disorders. Graduates of the program will be professional speech pathologists and audiologists, attaining a master’ degree. s The training program has full-time tutorial support, reservation clinical prac tice experience and an opportunity for Indians to add special input into the inter pretation o f communication disorders as experienced by native Americans. For admission to the program it is preferred that students be bilingual (fluent in English and their tribal language), be a college junior or above, and be listed on tribal registry. Anyone intersted in more information or wishing to apply for this project should contact Gail Harris, coordinator at (602) 626-5075. or write in care o f the department o f speech and hearing sciences. University of Arizona. Tucson. Arizona 85721. Bank reports profits WASHINGTON — American Indian National Bank announced 1979 earnings of $421,541 — highest in the bank’ six-year s history. The bank's net worth as o f December 31. 1979. was $1,039,585, of which $560,000 consisted o f new capital raised by the bank through the sale of common stock in 1979 to the Yakima Indian Nation and the Colville Confederated Tribes. Deposits increased almost 14 per cent to $14.9 million. The bank, located in Washington. D.C., has a field office in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Alaskans low on fuel James Wherry Man. by Penobscot Indian. Joseph Nicolar. Wherry has been accepted at McMaster University, Hamilton. Ontario, where he intends to work toward a PhD. He will probably remain with AAI through summer. Vows renew ed OAK RIDGE, N.J. — Indian wedding bands were exchanged in a renewal this month of the marriage of Clement and Margaret Neptune o f Oak Ridge Road. Their vows were renewed Feb. 2, at St. Joseph’ Catholic Church. Clement Neptune s is a member of the Penobscot Nation. Brewer; Helen Ciganik. Houlton, . eter Bailey Sr., Pleasant Point; Holly Mar shall, Milford. Also, Bernard and Arolyn Newbert, Waldoboro: Leslie and Valentine Ranco. Wells; Charles Bernard. Madawaska: Sally Cartwright, Tenants Harbor; John Budd, North Berwick: M adeleine Giguere, Lewiston. Those people are a sampling of new and already established readers of Wabanaki Alliance. We remind readers that rates as o f February 1980 are $5 per year for an individual subscription in the U.S.; S6 in Canada and overseas; and 510 for institutions such as businesses, government and schools. Send your checks to this newspaper at 95 Main Street. Orono. Maine 04473. We remind readers that those persons who choose not to subscribe will no longer receive Wabanaki Alliance. Although Alaska exports one million barrels o f oil a day, 34 remote native villages in the state do not have heating fuel to last them through the bitterly cold winter, state officials have reported. Four o f the villages were in immediate danger of running out and families had begun moving in with one another to conserve. The past two winters have been mild and the villagers apparently kept their orders down because o f the $2-agallon cost. The state legislature has initiated action on a $1.5 million emergency relief bill for the villagers. The fule will have to be flown into the villages. The state will have an estimated $3 billion income from the oil production. Censorship said false issue for Indian papers Richard LaCourse. former editor of the Yakima Nation Review and news director of the American Indian Press Association, told a conference of Indian journalists that self censorship is more o f a problem in Indian country that actual censorship. He said that among some 300 Indian publications, he could find only five actual cases o f censor ship. "The claim of censorship is more o f a glamour problem.” LaCourse added that “self-censorship, or the lack of coverage, was one o f a million excuses for not doing the work.” About 35 people attended the conference held on the Grand Portage Indian Reservation in Northern Minnesota. Powwow planned ANN ARBOR, Mich. — The Native American Student Association at University o f Michigan here has scheduled a powwow o f dancing, crafts and food. April 12-13, at Huron High School. HARDWARE & GUN SHOP TOM VIC AIRE. Proprietor The only Indian-owned hardware business in the State of Maine "W e’ eager to do business with people re in the Indian community." says Tom. The store carries a full line o f tools, electrical and plumbing supplies, paint and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine new and used guns. See Our Garden Supplies and Tools For all your hardware and hunting needs, visit — MATTAWAMKEAG-HARDWARE & GUN SHOP and.sample some good Indian hospitality and sendee. ADVERTISING POSITION Wabanaki Alliance is seeking a polite, efficient person who would like to work part time on a commission basis, handling advertising for this newspaper. Flexible hours; work as much as you wish. Contact: Wabanaki Alliance 95 Main Street Orono, Maine 04473 Telephone 866-4903 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (February 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. 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C71 7 3 YVWYPL[VY AOL VUS 7UKPHU V ULK OHYK HYL I PUL PU [OL [H[L VM ;HPUL cDL YL LHNLY [V KV I PUL P[O WLVWSL PU [OL 7UKPHU JVTT UP[ d H AVT" AOL [VYL JHYYPL H M SS SPUL V M [VVS LSLJ[YPJHS HUK WS TIPUN WWSPL WHPU[ HUK OV L HYL " S V H LSLJ[PVU VM MPUL UL HUK LK N U " LL Y 5HYKLU WWSPL HUK AVVS 4VY HSS V Y OHYK HYL HUK O U[PUN ULLK ]P P[ b ; AA D ;93 5 6 2D 3 5B 6 HUK HTWSL VTL NVVK 7UKPHU OV WP[HSP[ HUK LY]PJL" �FD ' A M JH KKH MBD BG )(" 8D RS EE O NF L S MCH M N MRGHO 8D RS EE S MCH M N MRGHO GD KSG BDMSD E NL KDES ; 0 6 8 9 8 GD D HR RS NMF ONRRHAHKHS SGD KNMF CN L MS EHRG O NBDRRHMF OK MS L EHM KK RDD BSHNM ,THKS NUD S N D R FN SGD OK MS G R NMK ADDM TRDC EN RSN FD BBN CHMF SN KD R MS NHMS 6S 1NUD MN -KHU .N D HSGHM SGD LNMSG SGD OK MS HKK AD O N BDRRHMF EHRG O NA AK F NTMC EHRG .N D R HC SG S HE SGD S HAD B M FDS F MS HS HKK CC PTHBJ E DD D MC RSN FD RO BD MC ADFHM SGD NOD SHNM HSRDKE 9SGD HRD HS HKK KD RD SGD OK MS SN M NEE DRD U SHNM EH L GHBG G R DWO DRRDC HMSD DRS HM HS GD S HAD HR KRN BNLOKDSHMF OK MR SN OT BG RD SGD RSON S SD N JR .N D R HC GD BNRS HR $ LHKKHNM GD S HAD RDH DC SGD OT BG RD GDM SGD BHS NE RSON S CDBKHMDC HSR NOSHNM SN AT SGD TSHKHS GD S HAD HKK AD OHBJHMF TO SGD KN M RSON S G C U HK AKD SN HS .N D GN R HC GD G R ADDM RSTC HMF SGD OT BG RD EN L N D SG M D R HC SGD E BS SG S SGD OK MS HR ADHMF RNKC HR MNS RHFM SG S HS B M MNS AD TM S O NEHS 2D , 2 AN EKHFGSR SN KK C 4TC -K J S , HKD 0 DWOK HMDC SG S SGD EN LD N MD R K FD BNMFKNLD SD HM GHK CDKOGH GHBG N MR MTLD NTR RL KK SD BNLO MHDR B NRR SGD MC DWS BSR K FD O NEHSR S SGD DWDBTSHUD KDUDK A BG FHMF GHFG SDR .N D R HC BT DMS RS MC CR NTKC G UD EN BDC SGD BNLO M SN HRD HSR SDR SN TM D KHRSHB KDUDKR SN L HMS HM HSR O NEHS L FHM 2D R HC SGD BNLO M BNTKC AD TM S SGD KNB K KDUDK HSGNTS K FD SD HMB D RD BBN CHMF SN .N D SGD RS EE BT DMSK TMMHMF SGD SD N JR HKK AD JDOS NM SGH C HMCTRS GHBG L BNL D NMSN SGD DRD U SHNM HR .HFHS K KDBS NMHBR BBN CHMF SN S HA K OK MMD -G KD 6D HR SGD BNLO M NTKC RTABNMS BS OHDBD N J SN SGD S HAD GD NKC RBGNNKGNTRD HR ADHMF BNMRHCD DC R RHSD EN SGD NOD SHNM GD N J DPTH DR S N DDJ S HMHMF OD HNC MC NTKC ADFHM A DLOKN HMF NTMC RHW ODNOKD D D RS SHMF RL KK 6D HR R HC H KHMDR SN RS S C HK HMBDSNM 2NTKSNM 8. 8 9 8 2 , 2 AN H KHMDR OK MR SN HMHSH SD C HK EKHFGSR ADS DDM , MFN HMBDSNM MCH M N M RGHO MC 2NTKSNM A DOSDLAD A M JH KKH MBD G R KD MDC GD RD UHBD SN HMBDSNM OO DMSK DEKDBSR MD MDDCR MC EEKTDMBD NE SGD RR L PTNCC HAD BBN CHMF SN S HA K NEEHBH K ; 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UHC 6 2NKS SN SS BS , 2 AN R RD UHBD D UD G C F D S G MC HM HS 1 A HDK R HC GD S HA K RS EE MC CLHMHRS SHNM D S UDKHMF BNMRHRSDMSK MC SG S S N GNT C HUD NUD SGD H KHMD ;NTSD ) HRM S UD BNMUDMHDMS GD R HC 8. 8 9 8 2 G DD MD RS EE G UD ADDM CCDC SN MCH M N MRGHO 2D KSG -DMSD MC HSG SGDL G UD BNL D L M MD O NF LR HMBKTCHMF RDW DCTB SHNM BNTMRDKHMF ; KK C MD LDMS K GD KSG BNN CHM SN EN SGD BDMSD R HC GD G R DBDHUDC TM MHLNTR O DMS K BNMRDMS EN SGD RDW DCTB SHNM O NF L CCHMF SG S KK BK RRDR HM SGD O NF L HKK AD O DUHD DC A N MRGHO O DMSR GD O NF L HR FD DC SN BGHKC DM HM SGD EHESG SG NTFG DHFGSG F CDR .TD SN DRHRS MBD E NL MCH M N MRGHO BGNNK SGD BNT RDR HKK O NA AK AD GDKC S SGD GD KSG BDMSD BBN CHMF SN KK C FH KR MC AN R S EH RS HKK AD BNTMRDKDC RDO SDK HM F NTOR NE EHUD MC K SD HKK AD S TFGS HM BNDCTB SHNM K F NTOR KK C HR KRN HM BG FD N E O DUDMSHUD KBNGNKHRL BNTMRDKHMF NM SGD DRD U SHNM 2D R HC GD OK MR SN DLOG RH D DCTB SHMF N MRGHO NTSG ESD ODNOKD G UD ADDM C HMJHMF EN SDM D R R KBNGNKHBR NT D MNS FNHMF SN R UD LNRS NE SGDL GD R HC KK C G R M HM GD KSG OK MMHMF MC R M KBNGNKHRL BNTMRDKN HSG -NMMDBSHBTS S SD .DOS NE DMS K 2D KSG D UHBDR KBNGNK .HUHRHNM 2D G R KRN BNL OKDSDC BNT RDR S ;TSFD R TLLD BGNNK NE KBNGNK STCHDR MC 8D MFK MC MRSHSTSD NE KBNGNKHRL STCHDR WO MCDC KBNGNKHRL RD UHBDR D HM SGD N MRGHO R ETST D KK C O DCHBSDC 2D R HC ,NRSNM TAKHB 2D KSG D UHBD NEED R E DD O SHDMS RD UHBDR SN MCH MR KSGNTFG GD R HC SGD CHRS MBD NTKC O DRDMS RNL D O NAKDLR 2D KRN R HC ,T D T NE MCH M EE H R , MC MCH M 2D KSG D UHBDR 2 HKK RNNM AD L JHMF O LDMSR CH DBSK SN KBNGNKHRL DG AHKHS SHNM TMHSR RTBG R S RSD M HMD DCHB K -DMSD SGD SG M ETMMDKHMF LNMD SG NTFG HMD R HMSD S HA K KBNGNKHRL FDMB A M JH -N ON SHNM KSGNTFG SGD GD KSG BDMSD BT DMSK HR N JHMF HSG A M JH -N ON SHNM GD O DCHBSDC SG S MDWS D 8 SHNM K MRSHSTSD NE KBNGNKHRL MC KBNGNK ATRD 8 GHBG ETMCR A M JH -N ON SHNM HKK ETMC SGD KBNGNKHRL O NF L S SGD GD KSG BDMSD CH DBSK HM BNNOD SHNM HSG 2 L NMF KK C R NSGD CTSHDR HR L M FDLDMS NE SGD DRD U SHNM R RNBH K RDBT HS LDCHB D MC LDCHB HC MC NLDM ME MS - D - O NF LR 2D KRN O NUHCDR BGHKC MC L H FD BNTMRDKHMF RD UHBDR N JHMF HSG KK C HM O DO HMF RNLD NE SGD O NF LR RTBG R RDW DCTB SHNM HR SGD MD BNLLTMHS GD KSG DCTB SN 4TCHSG -K J DRHCDMS NE 1 MC 6 JD S D L KRN HMBKTCDC HM -K J R DCTB SHNM K CTSHDR HR OTSSHMF NTS SGD GD KSG BDMSD R MD RKDSSD R DFHRSD DC MT RD -K J KRN HR DRONMRHAKD EN L JHMF GNLD GD KSG UHRHSR MC BNMCTBSHMF GD KSG BKHMHBR RTBG R CH ADSDR SDRSHMF HM SGD RBGNNK GD HR KRN M DL D FDMB LDCHB K SDBGMHBH M MC G R ADDM HMRS TLDMS K HM NAS HMHMF MC NTSEHSSHMF SGD DRD U SHNM R MD LATK MBD RBGDCTKDC SN HUD SGHR LNMSG GD SGH C MD LDLAD NE SGD GD KSG BDMSD HR S , HKD DRHCDMS NE HMBD SNM GD HR HM BG FD NE SGD LATK MBD SD L S SGD N MRGHO , HKD GN DBDHUDC GD S HMHMF HM - K HR R HC S N N MRGHO DRHCDMSR SSGD . 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KS O K N ^Y ^R OS O OM^ON O O O ^K^S O aK Y^ Y O aRSMR < WKNO SQR^ c" DK^RO S^ aK WKNO KP^O K O c MK OP K K c S Y P ^RO K N M KSW ^RO S U S Y ON S YMOONS Q ^Y ^ SK Y ^RK^ M KSW K N ^RO OQK ^K^ Y P < NSK S Y^RO K ^ Y P ^RO MY ^ c" H RO SOaON KQKS ^ ^RK^ LKMUN Y < LO SO O ^RO Y Y ON O^^ OWO ^ KMUKQO S Y N K N NO ^" 4 cY 4^^Y Oc :O O K < aY N Y^ LO ^K NS Q LOPY O cY ^YNKc SP < aO O Y^ MY S MON ^RK^ ^RO Y Y ON O^^ OWO ^ S ^ c S ^RO LO ^ S ^O O ^ Y P K Y P ^RO OY O Y P Y E^K^O" ;<:; 5OPY O M Y S Q O^ WO KNN K L SOP KNNS^SY K MYWWO ^ Y ^RO KWY ^ Y P PONO K WY Oc MK ON PY NO ^RO Y Y ON O^^ OWO ^" , WS SY S K L ^K ^SK W Y P WY Oc Lc K c WONSMS O YMSO^c Y P ^RO 4LO KUS ^ SLO M KSW K $ Lc * PYY^ YMU T ^^S Q P YW >KUO 6RKW KS S K O SQSY S^O K N LO Y Q ^Y < NSK " 4MMY NS Q ^Y K Oa ^Y c O ^ ^Y HKLK KUS 4 SK MO Lc K OKNO ^RO YMU O O O ^ ^RO QYN A NdSYdY ^Y 4LO KUS " >KUO 6RKW KS S K S^ O NY aK ^RO K ^ ^RS Q ANdSYdY M OK^ON" =O ^ A SWO^^O WONSMS O YMSO^c YPPSMSK KSN ^RO YMU S W Y ^ KM ON"g 4 K OK RS ^Y SK KQ OON KcS Q ^RK^ K K^O K ^RO -($i < NSK OP^ YPPO S Q Y P ^YLKMMY K^ ^RO YMU" A S NS SN K P YW ^RO MO PY ^RO MO S ^KUO Y^OM^ ^RO Y O Y P ^K b O Y SM O MY PSNO ^SK S^c Y P cY K aO " 9Y S O ^ SQ K ^ SY Y O M ^SY ^RO Ob^ cOK Y 4 S NO Y ^K^SY O^M3 $) Y c aY MO aY UO 4" Y" F R O MO Ka Y RK O KMMO ^Y ^RO S NS SN K OMY N MY PSNO ^SK S^c YRSLS^ ^RO 5 OK Y P K N Y Y O O O WKc OO ^ROW" ^RO 6O P YW O OK S Q O Y K FRO 5 OK Y P ^RO 6O S S PY WK^SY MY OM^ON NO MO O Y SL O PY WKS ^KS S Q ^RO Ka ^Y Y^RO 9ONO K KQO MSO PY MR MY PSNO ^SK S^c Y P MO S PY WK^SY Y O " MY OM^ON NO FS^ O ' G"E"6" ^RO C" ; Ya NYO ^RO 5 OK Y^OM^ ^RO 6O >Ka " FRO PY YaS Q O ^SY O Y K S PY WK^SY MY OM^ON S ^RO K N K aO K O NO SQ ON ^Y S NSMK^O NOMO SK MO Y P BY K^SY K N ^RO Ob^O ^ Y P ^RO 5 OK OPPY ^ ^Y ;Y S Q3 Y^OM^ K O Y aRY O KWO 4" FRO Y SQS K MO PY W K O ^ K OK Y MO O ^SY KS O P YW Y WSM YPS W aRSMR S UO ^ NO ^ SM^ K ^RY SdON NS M Y O" OM S^c S Y^OM^ON L S NS Q " FRO C" 7 YO ^RO KWO K N Y KNN O Y P S PY WK^SY MK LO O^ SO ON Y c Lc K cY O Y K 6O 5 OK K ^RY SdON O Y " FRO Y SQS K PY W O ^SY KS O QY S ^Y K c QY O WO ^ K O WKS ^KS ON NO ^SQR^ OM S^c MYW ^O S M NS Q ^RY O Y P ^RO aS^R KMMO Y c Lc aY 5 OK 6O 5 OK 3 OW YcOO ^S Y MO S Q S 4" Y" MYW O^O K N ^RO ^ROc K O NO ^ YcON" C" 4 O EYMSK EOM S^c WLO C ; Ya Y Q S MO S PY WK^SY O O ^ON Y K NOMO SK MO MY PSNO ^SK 3 O ^SY KS O 3 4" 9Y cOK " 4^ ^RO ^SWO ^RO 4" Y" WSM YPS WON MO OMY N K O ^ ON C" 7 Y Y^RO 9ONO K KQO MSO Y Y O ^Y" ^RO K^SY K 4 MRS O PY MY ^ RK O ^RO YaO ^Y YL^KS O WK O ^ ^Y KQO" BOY O S ^O O ^ON M Y PSN O ^SK S PY W K ^SY KLY ^ S O OK MRS Q ^ROS PKWS c LKMUQ Y N YP^O O ^RO O Y N MO OMY N " FF "6 2< 01e S Y ^K ^S ^SM KLY ^ 4WO SMK WS Y S^c Y K^SY RK Y Q LOO OMYQ SdON Lc ^RO 5 OK Y P ^RO 6 O " 9Y ObKW O/ S PY WK^SY KLY ^ L KMU RK LOO O Y ^ON S OKMR MO S MO -$" < OMO ^ cOKS ^RO 5 OK RK O ^KL S RON K OMSK ? S Y S^c E^K^S ^SM B YQ KW aRSMR OOU ^Y S PY W W OW L O Y P W S Y S^c MYWW S^SO Y P ^RO Y O O K N SW Y ^K MO Y P ^RO NOMO SK MO K N ^Y Y SNO WY O NK^K K L Y ^ ^RO K ^SY W S Y S^ c Y K^SY Q Y " FRO QYK Y P ^RS YQ KW S ^Y YL^KS K RSQRO O Y O P YW WS Y S^SO ^Y ^RO -,$ MO ^RK aK KMRSO ON S ^RO - $ MY ^" < K S Q PY ^RO -,$ MO ^RO ? S Y S^c E^K^S ^SM B YQ KW RK NO O Y ON K MYWWW SMK^SY OPPY ^ KSWON K^ WS Y S^SO K K S ^OQ K K ^ Y P ^RO Y O K -,$ YW Y^SY OPPY ^" <^ aS S M NO MYWW S^c O K^SY L SM S PY WK^SY K N ON MK^SY K N WK UO^S Q K YKMRO aS^R OW RK S Y MYWW S^c O K^SY " �; J GE CA ! HHE J A 3 N D ! APNT Pihce, wisoki pihce, yut pomawsuwinuwok wikultuwok nikt yut skitkomiq. Ecimocikultihtit, Kisiyuhkun item: "Cuvi yukt meheinbotuwok, 'sami ipocol mocikultuwok". Kenuk olu yukt pomawsuwinuwok yut eyultioik peskuss olu skitap eyit 'koselomal naka 'ciksotuval Kisiyuhkunol* Liwisu Nuwa0 Neqt pemkiskahk Kisiyuhkun 'tiyal Iluwawcl: "Nacimihkuman vukt pomawsuwinuwok; naciyahan 'tahewi apenkatomoniya tan elinocioomavsultihtitpon". Itom Kisiyuhkun: "Npocitahkan metuveyik tpolutimok". Itom Kisiyuhkun: "Npocitahkan komiwon kakehsukoniw wolamkihkakompessok skitkomiq "Yahan olopessultihtic naka moskeyultiniya tan eliwapololukhotihtit, elipomawsultihtit"» Kisiyuhkun 'tiyan Nuwawol: "Liht natomokihqahk ktuloq; peeikompek ktiyan knicannuk naka knisuwiyeq ktepapasiniya wclam kisaposiyukepa". Nuwa macehtun yut ktuloq. esq yut etolihtaq ktuloq 'kinuvehtuva pomawsuwinu elikotikompek skitkomiq. Kenuk olu tehpu ftotoliv/ihqinuwawal; pesqon te mec elimcci-nomawsultihtit. Nit Kisiyuhkun 'tiyan Nuwawol: "Maqenan ksiwivik, maqenan nisieposuwek weyossisck psite tama nolov/iw, ktoliphan ktulokuk naka kte^ehlan”, Uuuuu.... eltar.ok weskuveyultihtit, Nit Kisiyuhkun 'koptehtun khakon. Nitte na peciwisokolan; etutolak. Pomawsuwinuwok 'totolitekotomoniys khakon, 'kakalumaniya Nuwawol: "Nuwa ! Nuwa ! Apooteht khakon ! Apccteht khakon !"o Kenuk olu Nuwa 'tasiternan, 'tiya: "Sami metsiw ! Kisiyuhkun kis 'kisikpetohtun khakon, on te na psite kompe skitkomiq". Psite mecikulticik pomawsuwinuwok 'kihkacuooqossinultuvck, kenuk olu Nuwa naka 'siwi tehpultuwok ktulokuk; mate akuvessuitiwiyiK ipoccl volamsotuMawal Kisiyuiiku.no1 D Tokec pomawsuwinok mocikultuwok tahalute neke Nuwa pernawsit: Komutonahtuwok, koluskultuwok, kotuhsmultuwok, alamkahtuwok, matonakhotuv/ok, nipskatuwahtuwok, 'toliphocalawa piluweya ehpilioi. Nit ellukhotihtit yuktok pomawsuwinuwok tokec; tan elikisiwapololukhotihtit. Mate 'kisiwicewawiwal Kisiyuhkunol„ Kisiyuhkun. 'totoliv/ihqimkun oolonessultinen, kenuk olu ma keiksotuwawin. Kisiyuhkun mate 1tihiwon moeikuwakon; rausqitahatomon mocikuwakon0 Mocikultiyiq, ktahcwihc apenkatomonen. Kisiyuhkun ktiyukun solahkiw ktahcvr i apenkatomonen eliwapololukhotiyiq. Tokec oc pemimotuyeyu katok neke kisikompek skitkomiq. v/en meeikit naka meheinan lamkik oliye. Kisiyuhkun 'tolikisehtun mate ktahewi lapasijmnewin nita, kenuk olu Sesuhs *kisapenkatomon yut moeikuwakon. Kisiyuhkun 'cossol, nekom 'kisapenkatomon. Sesuhs ucimehcinan 'civ kilun. Tokec wen wolamsotuwal Sesuhsol .nekom oc kisaposiya. This is a transcription of the story of Noah from a phonograph record made by Valter J . Paul of St. Mary's, Fredericton,N.B0 David Francis Sr. of Sipayik . reviewed it and helped me with some words. A few changes have been made to conform to Passamaquoddy usage where it differs from Maliseet. Potuk olu is changed to kenuk olu and nekomoqihqahk to natomokihqahk. All mistakes are my own not the fault of Mr. Paul or Mr. Francis who both know their language extremely wello EO J IA O D JA T . O E P D V. LNA D P PDAOA LA LHA' PAHH PDAI PDAT I OP L T B N PDA T PDAT D RA HERA . O E V ! EHH OAJ D N F CAIAJP' 0 EHH OAJ N EJ B N I JT TO DE D EHH BH PDA A NPD 8AHH PDAI P D JCA PDAEN TO J P NALAJP PDAEN N JC EJC PDA T PDAT D RA HERA W . P H D V EH EC ODEL' DAJ PDA BH IAO PAHH T N DEH NAJ J T N EBA P C N J T EHH A O RA W D OP NPA P EH PDA ODEL ;DEHA DA O I GEJC PDA ODEL DA NJA PDA LA LHA PD P PDA A NPD H A BH A ARAN PDAT JHT H CDA P DEI 8DAT OPEHH HERA EJ PDA O IA E GA T 8DAJ . O E P D V. PDAN T N B IEHT C PDAN L ENO B JEI HO HH N J ARANT DANA NEJC PDAI P PDA ODEL J L P PDAI N PDAT I A J B H J EOA J II PE J 8DAJ . OD P PDA N 8DAJ EP AC J P N EJ 0P N EJA RANT D N 8DA LA LHA L J A J PDA N OD PEJC P D V D D LAJ PDA N LAJ PDA N P D JO ANA PDAI DA P H PDAI V8 H PA . D O HNA T OD P PDA N J PDA A NPD EO HH AEJC BH A HH PDA E GA LA LHA ANA N JA P D J DEO B IEHT ANA N PDA LM E NP J A EJ NA NT TO 0 HGA PDA DEPAI J O TO LNECDP L PECDP L LLAPHEGA HA NJA P C IT P EH J OD IT ODEJEJC PAAPD OAAPDEJC OEHAJPHT J ANJA PD J 0 E AHH J N O A OP -NA G BN I P B PDA B NAOP BEHHA EPD N HT EO I J EPPT N O P PDA DEPA I J ODA I A O IA NO PD P DE PDA OP NO BN I IT H JCEJC C UA A REJC DAN A D OA AHE PA BAAH O PAILANA T PEIA EJP OP BB OPN JCAN PD J OPAAH 0P CNA H PA P TAP JA T 0 HA LP T I OPAN B IT O H B N BAAP J PDA CN J 0 I PDA HB D N JO H JA HA J J D JCNT P OPN JC PDN CD PDA I JHAOO JECDP N 1 DJ 8 JJEJC HBA 9JPEPHA A PNAA JARAN ILH EJEJC H TO CEREJC EJ OPNAJCPD CEREJC IT N PDANO J OEOPANO LH A P HERA J CN 3 T 0 H TO HERA EJ 3 EJA B N EP O OP PA EO IA Lloyd Leland 3 Birchwynd St. St, John's, Newfoundland ! " 2 JC H JC C PDAOA LA LHA HERA DANA J A NPD PDAT ANA O PD P . O E 8DAOA JAO I OP EA A OA PDAT NA P E GA ARAN DANA PDAOA LA LHA ANA PDANA O I J D H RA J HEOPAJA P . 2A 2 0 I PDA HB D N JO H JA HA J J D JCNT H LEJC PDN CD PDA OP NHAOO JECDP P IJ ODEL 8DAT E J P EO LLA N A OA PDAT AHEARA . PDA LA LHA NA O O DAJ D O HERA 8DAT OPA H PDAT HEA PDAT NEJG PDAT C I HA PDAT BECDP PDAT O A N PDAT D OA PDAN IAJ 8D P EO D P PDA LA LHA J D PARAN PDAT J N JC 8DAT J P C EPD . . EO HHEJC O P D JCA N TO P A J P HEOPAJ P DEI . D O J OEJ A D PAO OEJ 0B A NA A OD HH D RA P L T . PAHHO O PD P O IAPEIA A OD HH D RA P L T B N N N JC EJC EP EHH A D N AN PD J DAJ PDA A NPD O BH A ;DAJ O IA T EO J EAO DA C AO P AHH . D O NN JCA EP PD P A J P D RA P C PDANA 1AO O L E B N PDEO OEJ . O O J D O L E B N EP 1AO O AJP J EA B N O D ARAN AHEARAO 1AO O J A O RA 0J E J 0 OEP M EAPHT J OPN ECDP AB NA IT N IO H N IO 0 O NA I OEHAJPHT J EP P J JA IAO 8DA N IO PD J AN EJ PDN EJC L EJ BN I PDA N AH JOP JP N EJ B BA PDANA D IIANO NERAJ D N B HHEJC B OP N I A P A NP A P , D B O NN : E A B IT O H N 1 DJ JJEJC HBA �Page 20 Wabanaki Alliance March 1980 Flashback photo news notes New trib a l m em ber INDIAN ISLAND — A new member of the Penobscot Nation has arrived. He is Domekin (Penobscot for “early riser”) Attean McDougall, son of Janice McDougall. He was born March 29, and weighed 8 pounds, 12 ounces. Domekin is the grandson of Irene and Bill McDougall, and the great-granddaughter of Eunice Crowley of Indian Island. A traditional Indian song was performed in honor of the new arrival. Clarification MALISEETS in Market Square, Houlton, circa 1910, assist a float for Dunn Furniture, still a prominent local business. Note the unusual wigwam made of evergreen boughs, instead of the more common birch bark or canvas. At left, standing, is Frank Francis. Leo Tomah is the boy behind row of children; others unidentified. [Original photo in possession of Dunn Funeral Home of Houlton; this photo courtesy of James D. Wherry, Association of Aroostook Indians.] The first gift of spring by Snowdove This is a story about Mother Earth’ s cycle. It was told to me by Snowflake who lived millions of moons ago when Turtle Island was ruled by the Little People, they still live today making their presence known only to those native people who care to listen. Snow flake is one of their messengers. It' was the end of the winter cycle when I noticed her and her sister flakes flying outside my window. At first she danced alone in rhythm to the wind blowing and then other snowflakes joined in the dancing. No two w ere together, yet they all danced together. I watched and listened intently. “Wo-oo-oo” sang the wind and the spring brids flew by, waving their wings at me. “The Great Spirit has a gift for you,” said Snowflake, but you must go to a certain maple tree to get it. I will show you the way.” I put on my hat and coat while Snow flake led me through the woods. The snow was m elting all around me. Water was gushing in the streams, and the birds were perched on the branches watching silently — - so silent you could hear the sap running within the trees. “Cut a small hole in the bark of that maple tree and wait” said Snowflake. As soon as I cut the bark, the birds flew away and I watched them fly through the trees. They seemed to know where to go without bumping into each other. I think they were looking for a good place to build their nest and build a new community. “That is what the native people used to do before they w ere put on reserva tions” said Snowflake, “That is called freedom.” I went over to the maple tree I had cut and saw that the sap was starting to flow. I kissed the tree where I had cut and tasted the sap. It tasted as sweet as life. “This is the first gift of spring from the Creator,” said Snowflake. Then she melted away. A story in last month’ Wabanaki Alli s ance indicated that Passamaquoddy Rep resentative to the State Legislature, Clayton Cleaves, had not attended during the session of the 109th. Cleaves pointed out that he did not attend because pending bills did not affect the tribe. H e has recently attended Legislative m eetings in Augusta in connection with the Indian land claims. His Penobscot counterpart, Rep. Timothy Love, has also attended these sessions. A Penobscot seeks aid fo r palsy center PORTLAND — Vicki Fulkerson, a Penobscot who is confined to a wheelchair and attends the Cerebral Palsy Center here, is coordinating a drive to collect soup and juice can labels to raise money for new equipment. Needed are labels from Campbell’ s soup. Franco-American products (any size), and V-8 Juice. Labels can be mailed direct to Vicki Fulkerson, 85 Front St., Portland, Maine 04103. Vicki is the daughter of Angie Mitchell, who works at Central Maine Indian Association’ branch s office in Portland. A girl wins the bee INDIAN TOW NSHIP — A spelling bee held at the elementary school at Peter Dana Point ended in an all-girl winning combination. Taking first place was Ro berta Smith; second place. Sherry Tinker; third, Sandra Yarmal. Both Pleasant Point and Indian Township youngsters joined the recent event. Tribe, Eastport probe port By Ruby Richter PLEASAN T P O IN T — T he tribal governor and council met with the Eastport city council and state and federal people, on Dec. 3, 1979. The city econom ic development planners asked for Indian support for their proposed port authority, to be built at the end o f Kendall's Head. This project, hopefully, would benefit the surrounding area, they said. If this com es through, the tribe understands there will be no oil tankers allowed to go through. INDIAN CRAFT S U P P L IE S F R E E ^ a io g The world’! largest Indian Crafts Catalog. More than 4,000 Items to choose from! CAUCUS — Michael Banco of Indian Island, elected chairman of the Penobscot Democratic caucus, tallies votes for delegates. Ann Pardilla was named delegate for Presidential candidate Sen. Edward Kennedy. As the blackboard reveals, candidates Jimmy Carter and Jerry Brown didn't fare so well. At right, Emma Francis and James Francis look on. Twenty-three persons attended the caucus. For free catalog • m DM < e _ Trade Beads. Tin Cones, Brass. Beads, Moire Taffeta Ribbon, Ermine Skins, Bone Elk Teeth, Shawl Fringe and Yam. _ _ _ __ GREY OWL Indian Craft Manufacturing Co. M50-02J3eaverJfc^^ Hope springs anew for reservation store PLEASANT POINT — As many as 100 people have expressed interest in invest ing in a tribal store, by one tribal official’ s estimate. About five percent of these are non-Indians in the neighboring areas. According to tribal planner, Charles Lewis, the store could use around 50 more investors. Stock for the store has been purchased, but finishing the interior and exterior will probably require an SBA or FmHA loan, Lewis said. Although a building will be leased from tribal government, Lewis stressed that the store will be run by the investors and not the reservation administration. Polchies a man who will be missed By Brenda Polchies HOULTON — Maynard Polchies was a husband, a father, an Indian leader. H e was all of these and m ore but he was also chosen to bear a burden. He was afflicted with painful, crippling rheumatoid arthritis for most of his life. This did not keep him from having a concern and wanting to do things for Indian people in Aroostook County. He was a leader for m ore than 1,500 off-reservation Maliseet and Micmac Indians in northern Maine and he was very active and involved in policy-mak ing decisions for his people. He directed a large staff of numerous pro gram s on a daily basis. He was instru mental in making a major m ove and taking on tremendous responsibility when the Association of Aroostook Indians relocated their offices to larger quarters at the former Bowdoin Street School. He represented his people on the Northern Maine Regional Planning Commission, Tribal Governors, Inc., the Division of Indian Services, the National Council of Alcoholism in Maine. He was a member of the Wabanaki Corporation of Orono. The Maliseet and Micmac Indians in Aroostook County have lost their first Indian leader through death, and this has created a void which will be very difficult to fill. O bituary H OU LTO N — Maynard S. Polchies, 44, died March 5, 1980, at a Houlton hospital. He was born at W oodstock, N.B., Feb. 1, 1936, the son o f Alex and Grace Paul Polchies. He was a member o f St. Mary’ Catholic Church. He was s president o f the A ssociation o f A roostook Indians, a member o f the Tribal Governors Inc., the Northern Maine Regional Planning Commission, and the Division o f Indian Services. He is survived by his wife, Marion Gramour Polchies, his father and step mother, Mr. and Mrs. Alex Polchies o f W oodstock, N.B.; two sons, Rodney and Mark, both o f Houlton; three brothers, Terry o f Bangor, Valentino and Robert o f W oodstock, N.B.; two sisters. Miss Mavis Polchies o f Bridgeport, Conn., Mrs. Beverly Boyce o f Houlton; several nieces and nephews. Funeral Mass was celebrated at St. Mary’ Church, with the Rev. s Jo sp eh W . C a h ill officia tin g. Interment will be in St. Mary’ s Cemetery. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (March 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-03 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-443 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/2222f1bf4532917cbe277eb98436ebab.pdf 943f19162446f8d00371ea9560c621f2 PDF Text Text ^r/rn s M AR 31 W abanaki A lliance . ““ R e ':S > ‘ M H TOg Published by Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. 67110 -' 1 I U MM "'’ 5 ^ Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473. April 1980 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED State passes claims bill The “white chiefs” confer in Augusta on the day the Legislature passed the Indian land claims settlement act. From left, Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen, Sen. Bennett D. Katz, Augusta, tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen. The S81.5 million settlement now faces Congressional action. See front page story. G.M. Mitchell su e s for $350,000 INDIAN ISLAND — Former Wabanaki Corporation Director George M. Mitchell has filed suit in Penobscot County Superior Court for damages totaling $350,000 in connection with his firing from his job one year ago. The directors held an em ergency m eet ing, April 18, at Indian Island, to discuss the suit. A former commissioner of Indian Af fairs for the state, Mitchell, a Penobscot, lost his job after he had made an un successful run for governor of the Penob scot Nation. The alcoholism and drug abuse agency’ board of directors sent s Mitchell a letter in February 1979 telling him he was fired for “excessive involve ment in tribal politics, and inefficient handling of staff employees,” according to the suit. Named as defendants in the suit are Wabanaki Corp., and board mem bers Russell Socoby, Albert Dana, Melvin Vicaire, Francis Sapiel. Richard Hamilton, Ralph Dana, Terry Polchies, Ramona Stackhouse and Allen Sockabasin. Mitchell subsequently asked for a hearing on his termination, which took place March 21,1979. A vote was allegedly taken dropping the charges against Mitchell at that meeting. Then,, the suit alleges, at the request of Allen Socka basin, a Passamaquoddy, another vote was taken declaring the hearing invalid because evidence was not presented. On March 29, another hearing was held, and Wabanaki directors voted to uphold the firing. Mitchell claims he did not receive due process. H e seeks relief of $100,000 on the first count. In a second count seeking $100,000, Mitchell says he suffered “mental and emotional upset, humiliation and anguish.” A third count alleges breach of contract and violation of rights, and asks $100,000 in compensatory damages, and $50,000 in punitive damages. AUGUSTA — The mandate wasn’ t overwhelming — in fact at one point it looked like defeat for the tribes — but the Maine Legislature this month passed L.D. 2037, an act to settle the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims. The entire settlem ent has been sent to Washington for Congressional action. Gov. Joseph Brennan, longtime foe of the land claims in his years as attorney general, signed the bill that could end a decade of negotiations and threatened litigation by the tribes. Brennan said the bill will “lay the foundation to create a new era of special relationship with our Indian neighbors, making them full-fledg ed citizens, giving them an opportunity to live in dignity.” Maine has no financial obligation under the claims agreement, and it remains to be seen if Congress, which must foot the $51.5 million cost of the plan, will vote final approval in the next couple of months. The Maine Congressional delegation has reportedly told the tribes it will push for ratification, but costs — particularly the $200 or so per-acre price to be paid large landowners — may be questioned in Washington. The entire settlem ent could be signed into law by the President by June. Fire flattens house INDIAN ISLAND — A fire of suspici ous origin burned an old home to the ground this month, and also damaged a nearby trailer. Tribal authorities said the blaze ap peared to be a case of arson. Destroyed was a vacant house owned by Paul Francis, Sr. Forced to m ove from their mobile home were Doug* Shirley Francis and their baby. In a day and one half, both the Senate and the House ratified the $81.5 million negotiated resolution of the original 12.5 million acre claim. The package would provide for purchase of 300,000 acres from major landholders who have agreed to sell; a $27 million trust fund, and 5,000 acres for Maliseet Indians in the Houlton area. The Penobscots and Passamaquoddies will divide the land and money equally, if Congress approves the settlement. Micmac Indians, the other major tribe in Maine, have no share in the settlement. State Sen. Samuel W. Collins of Rock land, who chaired a joint select committee on the claims agreement with Rep. Bonnie Post of Owls Head, presented the bill to (Continued on page 8) Bill en a cted to aid tribes AUGUSTA — An eleventh-hour m ove in the Legislature secured transi tional funds for the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes, through em er gency legislation. The $285,315 will bridge a gap between the end of state Department of Indian Affairs services and aid to the now federally recognized tribes, and the start-up of federal support. Lastminute lobbying efforts got the bill passed, to cover the period July 1,1980 to Jan. 31,1981. The Senate at first tied at 14-14 on passage, but the bill prevailed in a second vote, 14-12. The House passed the emergency measure, 109-20. Passamaquoddies air gripes about tribal government by Bill O’ Neal PLEASANT POINT — Vexed by ap parent failure of tribal government to let reservation people know what it is doing, a “people’ committee" has been formed to s obtain financial and operational account ing of tribal government activities. Repeated frustration over alleged fail ures of tribal council to m eet publicly sparked the committee’ formation. Ac s cording to Ralph Dana, one of several people starting the protest, when another council m eeting scheduled in January looked as though it would not be held, people decided, “We don’ give a damn if t the governor and council show, w e’ hold ll a m eeting anyway.” Only tw o councilors attended, Dana said. The people’ committee grew out of that s meeting, as did a petition which asked the tribal government to answer a number of questions about the way it is conducting its activities. The petition was signed by 85 eligible voters. “In order for a community to be cohe sive,” Dana remarked, “you have to involve it in decisions. It boils back down to secrecy.” One source said that often the council itself is not aware of or does not understand what the governor and Lt. governor are doing. Amid rumors that Pleasant Point is deeply in debt, the petition requested a complete disclosure to the tribe of its financial status. A lth ou gh G o v ern or Robert Newell reportedly readily agreed to this, no report has been released, yet. One committee m em ber said a financial office was to be set up where any tribal member could view the records thorough ly, but that this has not been done. Lt. Governor Cliv Dore told Wabanaki Alliance that the tribe is around $100,000 in debt, primarily due to housing con struction overruns. Dana complained, “I don’ know of any t municipality where no financial reports are released; where people are not allowed to know. W e want to know what is happening to all this money for economic development.” Another concern voiced by committee members was that Governor Newell was allegedly seldom to be found at the tribal community building. Many complained that he seem ed m ore interested in his logging operation than his job as gover nor, making it almost impossible to m eet with him. One committee member ex pressed confidence that Newell was an able leader, but was not satisfied with his attendance. Tribal officials have reportedly ex plained Newell’ absences as necessary s because of the pressures and tension of the office. Newell could not be reached by phone for comment, although he was in the community building at the time. Other concerns mentioned involve hous ing, problems of vandalism and reserva tion jurisdiction, an accounting of stumpage monies for wood taken from tribal land, and high reservation unemployment. Several people charged that nepotism is a major factor in deciding who gets jobs and new housing. In apparent dissatisfaction with lack of communication between tribal govern ment and the people it serves, some (Continued on page 1 2) �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 editorials Spring flight Spring is a fitting time for Wabanaki Alliance to begin seeking the financial support o f its readers. In this season o f rebirth and optimism many other fledglings will be leaving their nests and flying off. trying to make it on their own. After more than two-and-a-half years in the nest, it is time for the paper to try its wings. For more than two years now the staff o f Wabanaki Alliance has worked in the belief that the paper is wanted and needed in the Indian community. Charging subscriptions is the ultimate leap o f faith in that belief. With the land claims settlement approaching, the tribes will soon be able to make self-sufficiency more than a Bureau o f Indian Affairs buzz word. It is appropriate that their newspaper move in that direction as well. Even if everyone on Wabanaki Alliance’ old mailing list s subscribed (about 3,000 people), only one-third o f our budget would be covered. Increased advertising might bring that figure up to half, but total independence from seeking grants is well down the road. The importance o f subscriptions extends beyond budgetary necessity. Each new subscription is like a vote o f confidence for the paper and encourages the staff to work even harder to merit that trust. Sensible census The 1980 census may seem like a pain in the neck; just one more form, one more questionnaire to fill out. W ho cares? We all should. Especially Indian people. For too long, reservation Indians and Indians elsewhere have “not counted,” in more ways than one. The census is not going to invade one's privacy, or in vestigate on e’ personal affairs. But it may help the lives o f Indian s people, because statistics drawn from the census can be used in justifying grants, programs and other beneficial activity. So, stand up and be counted, as the saying goes. We urge Indians not to resist this particular government action. Responding to the census is one way to say “yes, we exist.” There is a specific place to check off “American Indian.” D on’ be discounted. t An od d parallel University o f Maine Prof. Ronald Banks was killed last spring in a mugging incident in New Orleans (the murder had nothing to do with Banks work so far as is known). Banks was involved in researching the state’ argument that the 1794 Nonintercourse Act did not apply s to Maine tribes. The Act says all treaties with Indians must be ratified by Congress — not the case in Maine history. In the 1700’ a-Boston land speculator named Samuel W aldo s, placed a plaque at Head o f Tide (Bangor), declaring the surrounding Penobscot lands conquered. With him was Lord Westbrook, who burned an Indian village at Old Town and later died a pauper in 1744. But what o f Waldo? When he put the plaque in place, he dropped dead. 'Cindy, your mother is gone' by Cindy Hood It was a hot and beautiful summer day. I was out celebrating my birthday on June 15 with all my girl friends. W e went swimming, boat riding, having a great time. Debbie came over to where I was sitting. She asked me if I wanted to go out dancing at Stacey’ so I told s, her I had to go home and change my clothes and get a baby-sitter. Debby said all right, we will all ride home with you. W e all got into my car and started for my home. W e were all singing songs and telling jokes to each other. W e got home and went into my house. I took a shower, changed my clothes, and got a baby-sitter. Just before we were leaving the house, the phone rang. My cousin, Belinda, answered it and told me my father wanted to talk to me. S o I got on the phone, and my father was crying. I asked him what was wrong, and he said to me, "Cindy, your mother is gone,” and I said, "G on e where?” He said, "Your Wabanaki Alliance mother just passed away.” I hung up the phone and ran over to my mother’ s house, ran right into her bedroom. I found her on the bed looking up at the ceiling, lying there, not making a sound. I tried to wake her up. I guess I was in shock; I just couldn’ believe t that my mother was gone. All my aunts and uncles were there with me trying to give me comfort. I got through it all with my friends and family to keep me going, but even today I think about that day she died. I loved my mother very much. She was always there when I needed her. She helped me out a lot when my husband walked out on me and my two daughters. She loved her grandchildren with all her heart, and gave them love and comfort. W e often think about her and how she loved us. ED ITO R’ NOTE: Cindy Hood, S 22, is a resident o f Indian Township and a student at Bangor Community College. Her mother, Mary May Larrabee, died in June 1979. Vol. 4, No. 4 April 1980 Published monthly by the Division o f Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Orono Times. Printed by Ellsworth American. Member — Maine Press Association Steven Cartwright, Editor William O’Neal, Associate Editor Mary T. Byers Brenda Polchies Roberta Richter Kathy Tomah Reporters Indian Island Houlton Pleasant Point Indian Township DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree | chairman] Carroll Stevens, Central Maine Indian Assoc. John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Jeannette LaPlante. Central Maine Indian Assoc. Clair Sabattis, Assn, of Aroostook Indians David A. Francis, Public Safety Department Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Phone 827-4543 Phone 532-7317 Phone 853-4654 Phone 796-2301 Indian Island Drrington Pleasant Point Indian Township Indian Island Indian Township Old Town Houlton Pleasant Point Houlton DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; 56 Canada and overseas; $10 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.] �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 3 letters Discrimination Letter from Finland Pori, Finland To the editor: My name is Chris Nevalainen and my pro fession is headwaiter. The dearest hobby for me has always been reading, writing and whatever concerns the English language. Naturally this has helped me a lot in my work in the restaurant. I’ like to let you know that in 1974 a fine d ship called T.V. State o f Maine visited the Capital o f Finland, Helsinki for a few days and I was fortunate enough to be able to see all the quarters on board. One o f the souvenirs I got was the Wabanaki Alliance being published by your Center and I have studied this magazine carefully during the past days for I have always liked people no matter where they come from — that is to say 1 find them all FOLLOWING TRADITION - David Sanipass, 21, and friend Garry Gallagher, my fellowmen. Micmacs, pound ash for basketmaking. [Sanipass Photo] The history of people has attracted me for a long time and the activities and the culture o f the Indians especially. Seeks sw eetgra ss If possible. I’ appreciate one or two d Great little paper recent copies o f Wabanaki Alliance. Portsmouth, Va. To the editor: Then I have another matter to present to Our Title IV program needs a source to To the editor: you: this year I joined the International purchase ash and sw eetgrass for our Enclosed is my contribution, and please Foundation o f Lions Clubs and I am most student and parent groups. Can any of start my subscription as soon as possible. anxious to contact other “brothers” abroad your readers be of any assistance. I live in Portsmouth, Va., and your through correspondence on Lions affairs. If you have any information that would paper will be a great way to keep in touch. Loves the paper In case there are Lions among your people be helpful to our program, please contact I discovered the paper was still being would you please ask them to write and tell To the editor: me at this address — published on a visit home last week. me the latest news o f their district. Thank Will you please send me the newspaper. Charlene D. Pully I am looking forward to your next issue. you so much. I am Carol Wilcox’ mother. But she and s Flint Indian Education I also think the Wabanaki Alliance is a So in the beginning of the new decade let her husband get the paper. I worked for 1736 Carman brook Parkway great little paper. us all hope that understanding and good will two years in Houlton for the Aroostook Flint, Michigan 48507 Gloria Neptune Kelly between men will increase with great speed. Indians. But I am too old now. But I love In closing this letter I wish you all the best the paper because there are so many Low interest level for the New Year 1980 and for the future Cites im provement people I know. hoping that everybody will one day be able Dorothy Wilcox Searsport, Me. to face all the human rights belonging to Som ers Pt., N.J. To the editor: him. To the editor: You do have a very good newspaper Starting Metis group I’ be looking forward to any message ll I have been away from home for quite which I enjoy reading, but I am afraid that from you! Winston Salem, N.C. awhile, and its great to keep in touch this library’ budget is very small and I’ s ll Chris Nevalainen To the editor: through your paper. be unable to enter a subscription this Liisankatu 1 1 Trust you and staff are well. You All the building and improvements that year. The subscription rate is reasonable 28100 Pori 10 published a letter in Sept. ’79 paper by are being made on the Island, I can read and I would do it, if there were some Finland William “Rattlesnake” Jackson relative to a about and it’ really great for all my community interest in your newspaper. s Cherokee Confederacy but his mailing people. Unfortunately the level of interest and Proud Cherokee address was not given. Could you send me Keep up the good work, your staff does awareness of Maine’ Native American s his complete mailing address? The South South Casco a really great job in reporting all the culture is zero here in Searsport. eastern Cherokee Confederacy, Inc. interesting things at all the reservations. To the editor: Good luck with your paper. Also I would appreciate it if you would Thank you again, I have been receiving the Wabanaki Inez Kaiser print my name and address in your letter news for the past two years and I have Sandra “Mitchell” Broschard Librarian section, I request correspondence from enjoyed reading the editorials found crafts people, persons who have a knowledge therein. o f Native American medicinal formulas In my last receipt it told of the necessity using roots, herbs, etc. to charge for the news service. Anyone interested in membership in a I wish to continue receiving the news Metis Indian organization, dedicated to the sheet and if you will let me know what the rights of Metis people and preservation of service charge is, I shall remit promptly. their distinct heritage? Ideally anyone is I am of Cherokee heritage and am proud Metis who is any degree less than full-blood to be a real American. Indian, Metis is not a name to be ashamed Richard H. McKinney of. Metis people for the most part are not accepted by either full-blooded Indians or Substance abuse white communities, so Metis organizations New York City are places where Metis people can belong and can contribute their abilities to con To the editor: I was shocked and saddened to learn o f structive uses. What is your opinion o f such Senabeh’ death. Although I never met him, s an organization? You see, with my Cherokee-Scotch-Irish I knew about him and his struggle against heritage I could not very well be accepted the Enemy. I always hoped that he would within the circle of those who are puffed up make it. However, saddened as I am by s with pride in being “full-blood.” As long as Senabeh’ passing, I feel that we should blood degree is made the exclusive test of heed the advice o f Mary Harris Jones fellowship among Indian people we can ("Mother” Jones, famous labor leader) who expect to remain a divided people. Perhaps said: “Mourn for the dead, but fight like you could touch a bit on this subject in an hell for the living!” The “living” in this case would be alcoholic teenagers cited in the editorial. You have a fine writing ability. My ideals are the same as those o f my letter from Pleasant Point on page 3 o f the Penobscot-Metis brother, Charles Colcord, January issue, as well as their alcoholic NEW WABANAKI LOGO— This symbolic Indian logo was drawn freehand for Wabanaki head o f the NYC Chapter Nat’ Assoc, of elders. The “fight” would take the form o f a Alliance by Passamaquoddy Indian artist Alfred Dana, who lives in Etna. The canoe l. represents the “vehicle,” this newspaper; the four diamonds on the circle represent the total program against substance abuse. The Metis Indians. four directions and Micmacs, Maliseets, Penobscots and Passamaquoddies. Eagle situation is bad and it is getting worse. The Anyone there have the recipes for Indian Alnurbeg (“People”) really have no choice in feathers, a sun [or sunflower] and traditional motifs make up the rest of the design. A fry bread, beef jerkey, pemmican? “W” and an “A” can be found if you look hard. Wabanaki Alliance is proud to adopt this Let me hear from you. Wish you the best. this matter. It is a question of survival. design for its stationery. Charley Colcord Augustus Webb Searsport To the editor: When does an Indian become a non Indian? Does he forfeit his right when he leaves the reservation? Most of us left because we had no choice. I left when times w ere hard (before the computer Indian) I had no place to stay — never knowing where the next meal was coming from. So did my sister — she died of cancer — not being able to get aid from the Indians or the state. At the time Gov. Curtis was “working on it.” So far the off-reservation Indian still has no rights, unless you’ non Indian re and marry one, then you com e into all these rights. Who is more Indian than my husband and me and our children? Recently my son was refused medi cal treatment because we aren’ within t “piggeddy” distance from the reserva tion — 38 miles perhaps, the line is thin isn’ it? t So tell me — when is an Indian considered an Indian, when his nose turns brown? Christine Nicholas �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Karate a way out of problems for young Indian man SOMERSWORTH, N.H. - Like many Indians living off-reservation, Craig San born had to bear the usual share of racial prejudice. He found an unusual way of dealing with it, however. “Up until about 15 I sort of played Indian, as you see in books," he said. Until then, "playing Indian” had been fun, he said, but as he got older he “started running into prejudice." People no longer reacted to his being Indian the same way. ' By to, I Had an identity problem and was • heavily into alcohol and drugs.” Ironically, it was the prejudice which made him think seriously about what it meant to be Indian. “When I got into the prejudice,” he said, “I got proud and kind of hard.” At this stage he received som e help from an unexpected source — a master of karate. Sanborn began studying karate and then judo when he was 13; however, at 15 he met John Mason; a holder of black belts in five different styles of martial art. In 1975, Mason founded a new style of karate, Che-lu, which Sanborn said, “has a basic philosophy of style Indian people could relate to. All nationalities working together to help each other and them selves.” According to Sanborn, Che-lu's em phasis on harmony between people and styles helped him to resolve the conflicts of nationality within himself. In the process he earned a black belt in karate and is currently ranked 6th in the nation in the Amateur Athletic Union’ s lightweight division. He practices two hours a day and expects to com pete in the national championships in July. Sanborn works as a security guard at Seabrook nuclear pow er plant. He was on duty during the most recent anti-nuclear power demonstrations. “A lot of the demonstrators were my friends,” he said. He said pow er company officials don’ t involve the guards in decisions. “I don't really seek it (involvement) out,” he said. He is considering starting a karate school on or near Indian Island in a year or two, he said. “I have the knowledge of style and the teaching abilities, but I’ m not ready emotionally,” he said. “I don’ really know many people up t here,” he said, adding that he hopes to make visits to get to know people in the area gradually. Sanborn t h i n k s t h a t a k a r a t e s r h n n l f n r Indians could help with many of the problems on the reservations. “It helped me, maybe it would help them. It would draw them together by having something in common. It would give them release and something to be proud of.” Craie Sanborn, ahnvp. » Ponnhct-n* and member of the Che-Lu. Society of the Golden Mantis Karate School, will travel to far-off Trindad this month [April 19], to participate in an international karate competition. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Craig Sanborn of Millinocket. Ramapoughs gain status M A H W A H , N.J.— An estim ated 3,000 people living at poverty-stricken Stag Hill, and known as Kamapough M ou n tain P eople, are seek in g recognition as an Indian tribe. Justice Department won't cloud claims WASHINGTON— Secretary o f the Interior Cecil Andrus says the U.S. Justice Department will not seek "offsets” against future money awards in Indian claims cases for federal monies paid out under the Indian SelfDetermination Act. "I was concerned that the tribes not be made reluctant to take over the responsibilities for many o f the programs in operation on their land,” said Andrus. "The provisions o f the Indian Self-Determination Act easily could be frustrated if the trade-off for self-determination is a clo u d ovpr pending tribal claims,” Andrus said in a press release. In a letter dated February 1, 1980, S ecreta ry A n d ru s u rged the Department o f Justice to exercise its discretion by not claiming selfdetermination funds as offsets under the 1946 Indian Claims Commission Act. This act allows the United States to o f f s e t " f u n d s exp en d ed ^ g r a tu ito u s ly ’’ by the fed era l government for the benefit o f Indian a g a in s t any m on eta ry case and has stated that it will not claim such offsets in future cases. Under the 1975 Indian SelfDetermination Act, Indian tribes could contract with the Bureau o f Indian Affairs to take over programs in operation on their reservation land. Such programs range from health services, schools and welfare programs to law enforcement, fish hatcheries and forestry. If a tribe is not ready to assume operation, grants are available to train and otherwise prepare the tribe for eventual take over. Massive repudiation o f the selfdetermination program by Indian tribes as a result o f offsets in claims awards could cause serious manpower and monetary repercussions for the Bureau o f Indian Affairs, as well as deny the tribes these management opportunities, BIA officials said. Already the state o f New Jersey has accorded the Mountain People status as Indians, and the next hurdle will be acknowledgement as a tribe by U.S. Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA). New Jersey A ssem blym an W . Cary Edwards said the community has been discriminated against, and "the learning o f their heritage has given t k e m a n i d e n tity t b e y c a n b e p r o u d o f. They are not just a dis-jointed group o f malcontents as others around here believed.” Edwards co-sponsored a resolution recognizing the group as Indian— the first such resolution in New Jersey since 1801. The Mountain People have been known locally as Jackson Whites, and are thought to be descended at least in part from blacks and Dutch farmers. A historian who lived with the Mountain People for a year maintains the group cannot rightly claim to be Indian. "They just don ’ want to accept the t fact that their ancestors were predominantly black,” said David S. Cohen. According to a recent magazine article, the term Jackson Whites derives either from Jacks (blacks) and whites (ancestors), or from a sea captain named Jackson who was supposed to bring white English prostitutes to British troops in nearby New York during the Revolution; but instead brought 400 W est Indies black w om en — k n ow n as " J a c k s o n ’s Whites.” If denied Indian status by BIA, the Ramapough Mountain People will still consider themselves Indian, descended from Tuscarora and Delaware Indians. New Jersey State Senator Matthew Feldman, a resolution sponsor, said, "S o what if they're not (Indian)? They've never had anything to be really proud o f before. Why try to take this away from them?” Loving care for your car WANTED INFORMATION ON THE W HEREABOUTS OF aw ard Mr. Maurice A.. Richards, formerly of made in a claim against the United States. The question arose in connection with a recent Turtle Mountain Chippewa claim award against which millions o f dollars given to the tribe might have been offset as grants under the Indian Self-Determination Act. Justice has decided not to offset claims for self-determination money in this Bangor, Houlton, New Vineyard. Mr. Richards is an excellent photographer, a native of Princeton, with many fine photos of Indian Township in early times. If you know where he is, contact: WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 MAIN STREET 0R0N0, MAINE 04473 We offer a reward of one year’ free s subscription to the newspaper. Tune-ups LOVE'S AMOCO INDIAN ISLAND Tires �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 5 Claims statute extended WASHINGTON — A Congressional House Sub-committee acting on a Senatepassed bill to extend the statute of limi tations for certain claims by the U.S. on behalf of Indians — approved a modified version which would extend the deadline two years to April 1,1982. The Senate bill, granted an extension to December 31, 1984, with a proviso that the claims had to be identified by December 1981. The House version will be voted on by the full Judiciary Committee before reach ing a floor vote. Prospects for passing the two-year extension now seem good since no statement of opposition have been sub mitted. Congressman Morris Udall ex pressed his support for the bill in a state ment submitted to the sub-committee. At the hearings Feb. 27, Rick Lavis, for Indian affairs, recommended the two-year extension as being sufficient. He reported that the U.S. Interior Department had already sent about 300 litigation requests covering more than 4,000 claims to the Justice Department. He said he doubted the department could possibly get these claims into court by April 1, 1980. Lavis said that the Interior Department had also rejected about 4.000 claims as not worth litigation; had helped resolve about 600 claims: and had about 2,000 claims pending at various levels in the claims process. Speaking of the eastern land claims, Lavis said it is “not likely that any will be settled before the April 1 deadline, with the possible exception of the Cayuga claim in New York. And we anticipate that a number of the eastern tribes will file large title-clouding lawsuits before April 1 if the statute of limitations is not ex tended,” he said. CMIA baskets reach 300 The Central Maine Indian Association Christmas basket effort served approximately 300 people in th e f o l l o w i n g c o u n t i e s in Maine: Androscoggin, A roostook, C u m berlan d, K ennebec, K nox, Penobscot, Somerset, W ashington and Y ork and the fo llo w in g states: Arizona and Pennsylvania. About 150 people attended the Christmas party which was held at the Indian R esource Center, O rono. CMIA hopes next year to include many more people in the Christmas get-together. "It is up to all o f us to make it happen. T han ks for participating this year, and hope to see you next year,” said Marta Conlin, CMIA health and social services director. Conlin said thanks are owed to all o f the people who helped with the donations to and the organization o f the 1979 Christmas Basket Effort and the Christmas Party, including but not limited to: The C.M.I.A. Staff Rachel Sockbeson John and Mary Isaac Alice Conlin Ann Pardilla Footman’ Dairy s Chiquita Banana Reverend Don Daigle Charmaine Meyers D oug’ Shop &. Save, s O ld Town and Union Street Emerson’ Brewer s, Boy Scout T roop #2, Bangor Father Vershawn Mark and Bridget W oodward Thomas Sockbeson John and Dolores Mitchell Ralph Thomas The Wabanaki Alliance The Oronoka Restaurant G &. L Produce The Reverend John Crozier St. Andrew’ Episcopal Church, s Bangor Debbie Brooks St. Mary’ Catholic Church, s Bangor The Hockey Booster’ Club s DHRS Big Brother/Big Sister Program, Orono Al and Carol Dana Debbie Astle Jeannette LaPlante Carolyn Peppin Bangor Candy Company LaBree’ Bakery s The Dept, o f Indian Affairs Sampsons, O ld Town Finast, Bangor Helen Dyer St. John’ Catholic Church, s Bangor Mrs. Lucien Peppin, Florence, Mass. To fee blessed Kateri Tekakwitha, a 17th century Mohawk woman who is a candidate for sainthood, will be “blessed” by Pope John Paul, June 22. To be so blessed is the final stage before canonization. In this painting by German artist Carl Link, the model was the late Molly Spotted Elk [Mary Alice “Molly Dellis” Archambeau], a Penobscot from Indian Island. Her sister, Mildred Akins, has worked hard in the cause of Kateri, the Lily of the Mohawks. Mrs. Akins’work was described in a story in last month’ Wabanaki Alliance. s Kateri, a smallpox victim at age four, died at 24, after a life of religious devotion and virginity. FBI m iscon du ct cited W ASHINGTON— The U.S. Com m is sion on Civil Rights has made recommendations to Congress to insure that misconduct by FBI agents is fully investigated, and fairly resolved. In testimony before the Senate Ju d iciary C o m m itte e last fall, c o m m is s io n C h airm an A rthur Flemming presented the com m ission’ s concerns related to current FBI complaint handling mechanisms. He cited problems created by the Bureau’ s "W ounded Knee” occupation, as well as "official excesses” against activities in the black civil rights movement. "There are persons on the South Dakota Indian reservations who perceive it to be the mission o f the FBI to suppress dissent and radical political activity on the part o f the Indian people, rather than to act as an impartial investigative agency,” he said in testimony. The com m ission asked that the FBI Charter A ct o f 1979 include provisions to insure that a formal com plaint processing system be developed, that affected communities be told how it works, and that all complainants be told in writing o f the receipt o f their complaints and their final dispostion. Also, that the FBI be required to compile and monitor statistics on types o f complaints it receives. SKITIKUK OUTFITTERS Specialists in Wilderness Travel SALES - RENTALS - GUIDE SERVICE Featuring IGAS Island Packs and Travelling G e a r COME BY AND SEE US WIDE-EYED Frannie Bailey, daughter of Joseph and Grace Bailey of Pleasant Point, met with Santa last Christmas, in this photo lent by Maxwell Barnes of Pleasant Point. Mr. Claus hails from Eastport. 38 Main St. O ro n o 866-4878 �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Apprentice program trains toward career INDIAN ISLAND — “This program is a one-of-a-kind, both for what w e’ doing re here and the apprenticeship program,” said Richard “Dick” Hagenbuch, in charge of a new approach in giving young men a lease on life. Hagenbuch’ mechanics course is more s than how to fix motors. It is a way to recover from drop-out status; to build selfconfidence and at the same time build the ability to earn a living. The course isn’ easy for ten students t enrolled (only one drop-out as of press time). It takes three years to com plete the full curriculum, but when done, students will receive certification from a national board. “To get that diploma they will have to pass the tests that are given by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence,” said Hagenbuch. That means an 80 per cent average in four out of six categories of study. “You don’ want a bunch of numnuts out there t working on your car,” says Hagenbuch, 45, a Washington, D.C. native who has operated his own shop. The apprentice program is conducted in the state Indian Affairs building at the Penobscot reservation, and was recently certified by the Maine Department of Vocational Education and federal Depart ment of Labor. A $25,000 special grant from the Governor’ discretionary fund s got the program rolling last fall. Hagenbuch said a proposal seeking $400,000 is in the works. Participants in the apprenticeship pro gram get paid $3.10 per hour, for a 40-hour week. Chrysler Corporation and General Motors have contributed engines to work on, and textbooks. Dead River Company of Maine chipped in $1,000. Hagenbuch has been living in a cramped backroom of the Indian Affairs building, beside his paintings. His wife and five children are still in Houlton, where Hagen buch taught at Southern Aroostook Vo cational. He commutes weekends. Despite the hardships, which include discipline and a lot of back talk from students, he is enthusiastic about his job. Probably the best insight into the apprenticeship program is through the apprentices, who talked with this re porter. Calvin Francis, 22, said “the class, I think/is smart and we learn a lot. I was living in Connecticut, and I didn’ per t sonally like the city and the way people treated each other. I always wanted to be a mechanic. It keeps us off the streets. It keeps us out of trouble." Mike Murphy, at 17 just below the specified 18-30 age range for the program, commented, “I was working on YACC (Young Adult Conservation Corps at Indian Island) and I knew there wasn’ t any future in that, so I saw this program and came down and signed up,” he said, adding that “it doesn’ mean I’ make this t ll my trade. I want to learn a lot of things.” Ron Lacasse, another student, said simply, “I think this program’ going to s help me with my future.” Enrolled along with Lacasse, Murphy and Francis are Danny Francis, Tom Burns, Steve Hamilton, Everett Loring, Richard Loring, Richard Sapiel and Timo thy (Neptune) Shay. Penobscots place in foot race BANGOR — The coach’ son on the s Andrew Sockalexis — named after a famous Penobscot Indian runner — Track Team, placed first in a recent race here. Chris Ranco of Indian Island won the boys and girls under age 10 division in, 22 minutes, 26 seconds over a 5-kilometer course. Chris is the son of Indian Island’ s track team coach, Michael Ranco. The race was sponsored by St. Joseph’ Hospital. s Jamie Knapp, son of Cheryl Knapp of Indian Island, also placed. Another winner, in the 40-and-over category, was Jeannette LaPlante, a Pen obscot, from Old Town, whose time was 23:15. tucnara nagenDucn, lelt, mechanics program instructor, oversees Penobscot students as they re-assemble an automobile engine they have refurbished. Students learii by doing, and if they make a mistake, they try it again. Opinion Where is white man's honor? by Debbie Ew er We used his language,his religion, his My people w ere free and happy. We culture. We learned to use his laws. We called each other brother. W e had a learned to educate ourselves. We learned simple, carefree way of life. W e w ere good to stand up and say, “We are not dumb. people. We w ere brave and honest. There W e are your equals. We are your was no stealing. When one person brothers.” admired another’ bow or moccasins w e s Where was his honor? Where was his simply gave them to that person. fear? We knew. It was there grow ing in Then came the white man. He taught us his mind. to be wary of our brothers. H e taught us W e challenged him. In his laws, in his to cheat and steal. H e taught us to scalp courts. W e wanted back our land, our our brother. He taught us w e w ere not spirit. He says this cannot be. What his free and happy. father did was long ago. It was not him. Where was the white man’ honor? How can we blame him for the actions of s W here was his love for his brother? We his father? did not know. . Where is his honor now? This we do not One day he would call us brother. The know. next day he would rape our wom en and EDITOR’ NOTE: Debbie Ewer, a S murder our children. He stripped us of our Penobscot, attends Bangor Community land. He said it does not belong to all, only College. She is married, the m other of to one man. three children, and lives in Old Town.. W here was his honor? W here was his truth. W e did not know. He put us on reservations. If the land CAN’ FIND A JOB? T turned out to b e good, he put us someplace else. He took away our language, our religion, our spirit. And then he called us brother. He gave to us his culture, his religion, his language. And then he called us dumb. Where was his honor? W here was his love for all people, who he called equal? W e did not know. Would you like to be trained as a ... Bookkeeper Secret ary/Stenographer Clerk Typist Nursing Assistant If you are 16 to 21 and not in school, v the Penobscot Job Corps Center has trainin g programs which may be of interest to you. The Penobscot Job Corps Center provides all trainees with a place to Job Openings live, meals, health care and a cash monthly stipend while you learn. And OUTREACH WORKER when you finish, w e’ also help you ll Central Maine Indian Association find a job. (CMIA) seeks CETA-qualified appli SOUND GOOD? cants to fill three positions o f Outreach IT JS GOOD'. worker in its organization. An oppor ASK FOR JOB CORPS tunity to work with and for Indian — in the Portland area— 775-7225 people. — in the Auburn area— 786-4190 — in the Bangor area— 947-0755 For further information, contact: — or toll free anywhere in Maine CENTRAL MAINE INDIAN at 1-800-432-7307 ASSOCIATION ASK FOR 95 Main Street JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT Orono, Maine 04473 Telephone 207-866-5587 TRY THE Job Corps RUNS IN THE FAMILY — Known for musical talent, the Akins family of Indian Island may produce another musician; young Trevor Akins, son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Akins. His late grandfather, Watie Akins, was a well-known band leader, arranger and composer. His grandmother is Mildred Akins of Indian Island. �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 7 Holmes gets eight-year prison term in Loring case I G O R — W i l l i a m Alt.nn H n l m p s 95? BANGOR — William Alton Holmes, 23, was found guilty of manslaughter recently in Federal District Court, on the heels of last summer’ landmark jurisdiction case s that put Indian territory under federal rule for major crimes. Holmes was convicted in the death of Penobscot Indian, Adrian Loring, 29, who was found stabbed to death at Indian Island, July 14,1979. Holmes was describ ed as an Alabama drifter. He was sentenced by Judge Edward T. Gignoux to eight years in federal prison, following a four day trial that concluded with the jury having dinner in Bangor under guard, then returning to reach their decision. In the final round of arguments, prose cutor James W. Brannigan, a federal attorney, said that on July 13, Adrian Loring was “barely able to walk,” accord ing to Pauline Love of Indian Island. An a n t n n c u showed Loring’ alcohol blood j autopsy eViPT.rarl T s level at .35, Brannigan said. “Is that a guy who’ looking for a fight? s You have to use your common sense, ladies and gentlemen,” Brannigan told the jury, while a courtroom partly filled with interested Indian persons listened. Brannigan said a “love triangle” existed between Loring, Holmes and Eloise Francis of Indian Island. “When Adrian Loring and Eloise Francis turned into that driveway, who was the loser in the love triangle? Unfortunately, Adrian Loring was slashed over the eye and stabbed in the heart,” Brannigan said. According to police officers who arrest ed Holmes near Indian Island bridge. Holmes repeated, “Is he dead, is he dead? I never cut anyone before. H e was like a brother;” Later, Holmes allegedly re marked, (it was) “all over a bitch; I hope she’ happy now.” s Tribal affluence leads to Northeast Bank branch PRINCETON — Although it’ the s smallest branch of the business, the new offices of Northeast Bank here stand to prosper. That’ because of the major reason s Northeast decided to risk opening a branch in this tiny border town: the nearby Passamaquoddy Tribe at Indian Township. The million-dollar business of running the tribe, plus millions of dollars an ticipated through settlement of land claims, figured greatly in the decision by Northeast Bankshares President Halsey Smith, and top officials, to locate an office in Princeton. Of course, as Princeton Town Manager David Holt points out, pulpwood and timber are still the bulk of industry in the area, and Georgia-Pacific is the major em ployer in the region. (The Passamaquoddy Lumber Company, employing 70 persons, is expected to be purchased by the tribe through settlement monies.) The bank branch opened last spring, after a survey was completed and a petition drive undertaken. Holt said Suellen Speed Earlier in +-u„ trial. Holmes +__ u „ the testified he, Loring and Francis drank alcoholic bever ages starting about 10 a.m., and consumed various narcotics, including a pain-killer tab obtained from a dentist, marijuana, “angel dust” and the animal tranquilizer PCP. Gignoux said he found the amount of drugs and alcohol Holmes claimed he consumed was not. believeable. Warren M. Silver, Bangor lawyer representing Holmes, told the jury in a sarcastic tone, “poor Adrian Loring. “W e don’ know what happened because t we weren't there. Only William Holmes and Eloise Francis” know for sure. Silver said. He told the jury, “w e’ re only guessing, ladies and gentlemen.” Silver painted a picture of Loring as violent. “When Adrian Loring said to him (Holmes), T m going to beat your brains out,’ he (Holmes) had to take him very seriously," the defense lawyer said. At one point. Silver reminded the jury that witnesses who had taken the stand, including Eloise Francis, had been drink ing the morning of the day they testified. “You’ decide if someone who com es to ll U.S. District Court drinking is someone you can believe,” Silver said. His closing argument centered on the “many evidences of the victim’ violence,” s and that Holmes, with one arm, acted in self-defense. Brannigan disputed the “guessing” Silver referred to. Holmes sat calmy beside Silver, leaning back in his chair, occasionally rubbing his eyes. He was easily distinguishable with his one arm. Gignoux reminded the jury, prior to their deliberations, that they need not have a “mathematical certainty" of guilt, but must have a “strong and abiding con viction” of Holmes’ guilt or innocence. “Neither sympathy nor prejudice should enter your deliberations,” the ju dge instructed the jury. Gignoux explained that manslaughter is “without malice,” whereas a murder charge implies malice. Manslaughter covers a death resulting from “the heat of passion or a sudden quarrel.” C ey P c h r ls la e Now open for business. Selling novelties, toys, games, clothes, jewelry, small appliances, etc. There is a 10% discount for Native Americans, either bring this ad or your hunting and fishing license for verification. W e will donate $1.00 to Wabanaki Alliance for every person that brings this ad and spends $5.00 or more. OPEN FOR BUSINESS! David Holt P a ssam aqu odd y tribal o fficial R o ger Gabriel co-operated in efforts to attract Northeast. The bank’ nearest branches s are located in Machias and Lincoln. Two other banks rejected Princeton; one of them was Merrill Trust Company, it was revealed. Bank branch manager Suellen Speed said she was not at liberty to disclose statistics about accounts, but acknow ledged, “we carry a lot of Indians.” Speed, who started at the branch as teller, said T m sure it will survive.” There are now three tellers. Finally, after dinner at Benjamin’ s Tavern, the 12-member jury plus four alternates returned to the courtroom. In dividually polled, the jurors had reached their verdict: guilty. Silver sought to have bail set for his client, but Brannigan argued that “the defendent has no roots . . . under the circumstances, there should be no bail.” Gignoux concurred. Firefighters train PLEASANT POINT - Three Passa maquoddy Indians from this reservation recently completed firefighting training at Northern Maine Vocational Technical Institute (NMVTI). They were Fire Chief Maxwell “Chick” Barnes, Billy Barnes and Gilbert Tomah. The Barnes’were attend ing their second year, Tomah his first year of the two-week course. Summer recreation available for kids If any parents would be interested in having their children participate in the Central Maine Indian Association summer recreation program this coming summer, please notify 'the CM IA office as soon as possible. Telephone 866-5587/5588. SPECIAL W INTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR SEASONAL WORKERS A T T E N T IO N You or someone you know may be eligible for a new winter assistance program for seasonal and migrant workers. This program is basically for in dividuals and families who have not received the regular fuel assistance that the state o f Maine has offered this winter. YOU MAY BE ELIGIBLE IF: 1 You or someone in your family has worked at least 25 days in the last two years in seasonal agriculture, woods work, fishing, clamming, fish packing, fir tipping, or other seasonal farm, fish or forest occupations. This includes clamdigging, berry raking, potato pick ing, haying, working as a woodcutter on someone else’ land or cutting wood s on your own land, work in food pro cessing plants that is not year round, etc. If you are not sure whether your work qualifies you, get in touch and ask. WHAT KINDS OF ASSISTANCE ARE AVAILABLE? Under this program you may receive assistance which will enable you to pay for the following kinds of items and services: 1. FUEL (any kind, including wood, oil, kerosene, coal) 2. UTILITY BILLS which are due or overdue 3. LP GAS 4. WARM CLOTHING AND BLANKETS 5. STOVES AND REPAIRS TO FURNACES AND HEATING SYSTEMS 6. FOOD 7. MEDICAL CARE 8. Some RENT ASSISTANCE in in special circumstances If you think you or someone you know may be eligible for the kinds of assistance outlined here, please send a postcard to: ECAP Outreach Worker, Route 1, Box 74-1, Steuben, Maine 04680. Give your name, address and phone (if you have one). Or call: 5467293 or toll free in Maine at 1-800-4321766 for m ore information. IMPORTANT! YOU MUST APPLY BEFORE JUNE 30, 1980. �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 State ratifies claim s bill (Continued from page 1 ) the Senate. He compared it to appendici tis, saying that if he was given a 40 per cent chance of dying if he didn’ have his t appendix out, he would have it out. He was referring to the 60-40 win-lose odds the state would face if it took the claims to court, according to James D. St. Clair, lawyer for the state. Collins, tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen and state Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen fielded questions during a Senate caucus at the state house. Attempts to bring the claims to a refer endum vote by Maine citizens failed; first in the Senate, when Sen. Howard Trotzky of Bangor lost a bid for referendum by 16-13; later in the House, when Rep. John M. Norris of Brewer brought a motion for referendum that was defeated 97-42. The actual bill had to b e voted on twice in both chambers, first for passage, then for enactment. In the Senate, the vote was 19-9 to pass, 17-10 to enact. In the House, 87-51, to pass, and 84-47, to enact. Emotions reached peaks during debate in the House and Senate. In the House, Rep. Antoinette C. Martin of Brunswick said the bill is the least that could be done for Indians, who have a history of being mistreated. On the other hand, Rep. James T. Dudley of Enfield said there would be violence in his District, and someone might drop a match and burn down the woods, with Indians as neigh bors. Tureen was overhead between votes as saying, “If they don’ go for it, then we’ t ll go for it.” Border protest Maliseets, with support from other tribes, spent a day of protest this month at the Canadian border near Fort Fairfield, Maine. About 80 Indians, led [above] by Wayne Nicholas and wife, Kathy, of Tobique R eserve [New Brunswick], demonstrated their objection to deportation of a Maliseet, and other Jay Treaty violations. The treaty says Indians may freely cross border, but Canada never ratified it. U.S. Customs is at right; marchers crossed and re-crossed border without incident. Supreme Court declines appeal WASHINGTON — The U.S. Supreme Court has refused to take up an appeal by the State of Maine of last summer’ s Sockabasin-Dana case, in which a state supreme court ruled that Indian reserva tions are not subject to state jurisdiction. The convictions for arson of Passamaquoddy tribal members Albert C. Dana and Allen J. Sockabasin were overturned by the state’ highest court in July 1979, s in a decision that bolstered the tribe’ s pending land claims. Dana and Sockabasin went free, follow ing the landmark ruling, but now that the federal court has refused to hear the appeal by Maine, they could possibly face court action again. Dana and Sockabasin were convicted for attempting to burn the Indian Township elementary school in 1977. After the supreme court declined the appeal, tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen commented, “w e’ very pleased and feel re much vindicated.” Maine Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen, on the other hand, admitted he was “som e what disappointed." Indian Island painting removed for restoration INDIAN ISLAND — An 18th century painting of the Crucifixion, a fixture at St. Tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, left, chats with state Sen. Dana C. Devoe of Orono, Ann’ Catholic Church for decades, was ju st prior to Senate vote on land claims settlement bill. s removed this month by Maine State Museum personnel. When the painting returns some months hence, it will glow with the results of a tedious restoration process that will begin in Cooperstown, N.Y., under the hands of experts. An estimated $10,000 will be invested, according to the Rev. John Civiello of St. Ann’ Church. In s charge of the delicate operations is Dr. Richard Michael Gramly, a Museum employee. Gramly said the Museum is glad to help out the Penobscot tribe. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Owned Homes For Sole in Washington County Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY ANYONE CAN BUY YOU DON’ HAVE TO T BE A VETERAN See Your Local Real Estate Broker Or Contact LAST INDIAN — Seventy-year-old Charles Bernard says he is “the only Indian left” at St. Brasile Reserve in Canada, near Madawaska, Maine. There are about 60 persons at the reserve, but they are not really Indian, he says. A widower and retired variety store proprietor in Edmundston, Bernard bought his customized van-camper so he could go “freewheelin’ around.” He has two daughters, in Boston and Gary, Indiana; and two sons, in Nashua, N.H., and Edmundston . . . and a “tribe” of grandchildren. Rt. 1. Houlton Road, Woodland 3 bedroom, garage — $28,000.00 — $500.00 D.P. Main Street, Princeton 4 bedroom, garage, $29,500.00 — $500.00 D.P. No. Lubec Road, Lubec 3 bedroom, garage — $31,500.00 $500.00 D.P. 9 Academy Street, Calais 4 bedroom, ready to m ove into — $29,000.00 - $500.00 D.P. All VA fiananced 14% interest rate VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 9 Accident rate can be reduced PLEASANT POINT — Only two per cent of accidents occur through so-called Acts of God, while 82 per cent are caused by unsafe acts, and 16 per cent by unsafe conditions. A group of interested Passamaquoddy Indians here heard that message, and others about safety, at a lecture by Ralph Zotigh and Edward Naranjo, principals in National American Indian Safety Council — their own outfit that prom otes safety among tribes. The pair recently made the rounds of Maine’ Indian communities. s Zotigh, an Oklahoma Kiowa, did m ost of the talking. He said several years ago his group had a staff of 14; now it’ just s Naranjo and himself. He still believes in what he is doing, and he made a pitch for financial support from the tribe. “You know, I really respect my older people for their faith and belief, but doggone it, you have to do m ore than that. They believe that accidents are bound to happen. Let them happen. I say no way,“ Zotigh told the group in the tribal building gymnasium. “I went into one house and it was very hot. I looked at the thermostat and it was set at 85 degrees. These people didn’ t know what a thermostat was for. You can’ blame people for not knowing. It’ t s our place to train them,” Zotigh said. “I’ going to convince everyone of you m that you can take part in safety," he added. “We have to take a lot of time to gain the confidence and trust of the people. It’ pretty hard to come in cold and s talk about safety . . . the accident rate on Indian reservations is just way too high,” he said. Attending the session were recreation director Linwood Sapiel, health planner Mary Altvater, janitor Gladys Soctomah, tribal official Chick Barnes; Vergie Trott, Dotty Francis and Andrea Dana, all of Young Adult Conservation Corps; com munity mental health worker Barbara Newell, clinic assistant Kay Nicholas, community health representative Beatrice Soctomah, truck driver Harold Socobasin, aquaculture worker Louis J. Paul, treat ment plant operator James Barnes, truck er Melvin Francis, counselor Grace Rod erick and tribal clerk Ruby Richter. “It’ pretty hard to evaluate our s program,” conceded Zotigh. “Did we prevent 100 accidents? W e do feel we’ re doing good. W e’ been to nearly every ve state in the U.S. and Alaska. After we leave here there’ no follow-up." s Newlyweds Patrick and Isabelle Shay cut the cake. Toney, Shay wed in traditional rite INDIAN ISLAND — Patrick Shay and Isabelle Knockwood Toney w ere united in marriage, March 25, at home, in a tradi tional Penobscot ceremony, at sunset. The ceremony was taken from a book by Shay's great grandfather, Joseph Nicola, author of the recently reprinted Life and Traditions of the Red Man. Mary Byers of Indian Island performed the ceremony, with Stanley Neptune and Carol Dana, both of Indian Island, as witnesses. Ringbearer was Karl Toney, son of Isabelle Toney. Her daughter Franni Toney, and three grandchildren, w ere also present. The bride has four children by a previous marriage; the bridegroom has one son, Timothy (Neptune) Shay. A reception and social dance took place at the Indian Island school gym, and a circle wedding dance was done to the beat of the drum. Health panel meets in Bangor Ralph Zotigh, Kiowa Indian, lectures on safety. Basketry book off the press CALAIS — A 28-page book called “Baskets of the Dawnland People” has been published by Project Indian Pride, a division of Maine Indian Education. The colorfully illustrated and descrip tive booklet was compiled by Joseph A. Nicholas, a Passamaquoddy, with help from Indian Township Bilingual Program, and Robert Abbe Museum, Mt. Desert Island. Nicholas has displayed many styles of basketry in this book, including pie baskets and melon baskets. Pie baskets w ere once used by state officials as gifts to visiting dignitaries. The materials used in weaving baskets, such as brown ash, sweetgrass, and handmade tools, are shown. So are som e of the experts, among them Eugene Francis, William Altvater and Delia Mitchell, Passamaquoddies. CMIA staff member on White House panel ORONO — Freeman Morey, an out reach worker for Central Maine Indian Association (CMIA), has been officially appointed to the upcoming White House Conference on Families. Morey is a grad uate of Old Town High School, and a member of the Passamaquoddy tribe. From work to fancy basket, Nicholas’ book provides details of construction, use and history. At one time, he says, the skills of basketry almost died out. Now, basketry is taught in reservation schools. However, Nicholas confides personally that basket-making will in his opinion be a thing of the past in 30 years. Trinket .basket or pack basket, the reader will find it all in this slim book, available from Maine Indian Education, Box 412, River Road, Calais, Maine 04619. Opportunity. Wabanaki Alliance, Maine’ only s Indian newspaper, now offers advertising at reasonable rates. Take advantage o f an opportunity to reach about 3,500 readers — most of them Indian persons — through a display advertisement of your choice. Call or write us for rates and other information. WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 Main St. Orono, Maine 04473 Tel. [207] 866-4903 BANGOR — For the first time ever, National Indian Health Board (NIHB) is holding a board m eeting here. Their three day session at Airport Hilton this month will be followed by a m eeting of United Southeastern Tribes (USET), May 13-15. Jake Whitecrow, NIHB executive direc tor, opened the Bangor m eeting with a statement that “Indian people are very concerned about not receiving any re sponse to any of their resolutions” from the federal government. “W e cannot afford to be lax," he told board members representing Indian tribes from places such as New M exico and Mississippi. Frank Steve, A choctaw, commented, “all of us are here with one purpose, we want to help our people at the local level.” He said Indians must “push hard” for increases in federal aid for tribal pro COMMERCIAL grams, otherwise, help will be “cut off." Whitecrow said that “anytime you want to call the NIHB as of the first of May," he or someone else on the staff will personal ly respond. “In the past, that has been one o f our major problem s in the Indian world, lack of communication.” Assisting communications is a regular publication called NIHB Reporter, edited by John O’ onnor with Renee Parker. C Whitecrow said the newsletter is effective in “hitting them with a 2X4 and making it feel like a feather.” Am ong those attending the Bangor NIHB m eeting w ere Dr. Eunice BaumannNelson, director of Penobscot Health and Social Services, and Penobscot tribal gov ern m en t re p re se n ta tiv e s M ichael Ranco and Francis Sapiel. A tour of the Penobscot Nation was included in the agenda, along with a shrimp dinner. RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL Sockbeson & Son BUILDERS PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS CUSTOM BUILT HOMES/RENOVATIONS CONCRETE WORK/MASONRY FINISH & ROUGH CARPENTRY GENERAL CONTRACTING/SUB-CONTRACTING 942-6630 947-4163 One Merchants Plaza - Bangor �Page 10 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Indian Health Service asks $678.5 million for 1981 W A S H IN G T O N — Indian Health Services administrator, Dr. George Lythcott, testified on behalf o f the IHS at budget hearings held by the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Feb. 19. H is statem en t in clu d e d the following: In fiscal year 1981, a budget o f $678.5 million is being requested for the Indian Health Service, an increase o f $53.7 million over the 1980 level. This request includes $601.8 million for Indian health services and $76.7 million for Indian health facilities. The 1981 budget request for Indian health services includes funds to staff and operate several new facilities opened in 1980 and to serve newly recognized tribes. The 50 Indian Health Service hospitals will provide services to 82.000 inpatients, an increase o f 3,100 over 1980. In addition, the 50 outpatient departments, 104 health clinics and the more than 300 satellite clinics will provide services for 3.4 million outpatient visits, an increase o f 123.000 outpatient visits over the 1980 level. Training will be provided to approximately 300 Indian students for the health professions. In addition, 41 urban Indian health projects, 120 alcoholism programs, and approximately 60 projects to aid Indians to take over management o f their own health services will be supported by the fiscal year 1981 budget request. The 1981 budget request for Indian health facilities will provide for the completion o f a 60-bed hospital at Chinle, Arizona; for the second phase o f construction o f a 60-bed hospital at Tahlequah, Oklahoma; and for the repair and renovation o f health care facilities at Sells, Arizona and Winnebago, Nebraska. Also included in the Indian health facilities budget request is $50.2 million for the provision o f water and sanitation facilities in 6,200 Indian homes. Indian Health Service provides programs for the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot nations in Maine. Oldest resident celebrates birthday INDIAN ISLAND — Sarah C. (Sadie) Ranco, of 10 Center Street, wasn’ t expecting anything for her 84th birthday, April 2. But she said she couldn’ have asked for t anything nicer than a special cake baked in her honor, and served at the Indian Island senior citizens dinner, at the tribal health center. Sadie Ranco is the oldest Penobscot at Indian Island. READY BY SUMMER? — Although Pleasant Point is scheduled to receive several fishing boats to start their fishing fleet, fisherman Arthur Newell decided to build a boat himself. Openings for Indians in natural resources BERKELEY, CA.— University o f California at Berkeley is actively recruiting American Indians and Alaska Natives into the College o f Natural Resources. Various avenues o f approach to the degree are available to students interested in the numerous phases o f natural resource manage ment. Enrollment is still open for FALL, 1980. The Conservation o f Natural R esou rce (CNR) undergraduate program is an interdisciplinary program. The CNR major explores conservation and environmental issues and areas o f interaction among natural resources, populations, technology, societal institutions and cultural values. Applicants interested in applying for the program for the 1980/81 school year are urged to contact our office as soon as possible. W e would also w elcom e any questions or requests concerning the program. Please contact: Holly Halsey-Ami, CNR Indian Liaison College o f Natural Resources University o f California, Berkeley 415/642-3583 (call collect) Nutrition policy should be tailored to Indian groups by Dr. Alan Ackerman The food policy o f the U.S. governm ent tow ard the Indian pop u lation in the 1800’s was associated with the use o f food as a weapon and as a tool o f acculturation. Today the policy issues that need addressing are not military but bureaucratic, related to organization o f delivery o f services to Indian participants, assuring an Indian and Alaskan Native voice into decisions that affect them, and coordination o f the U.S. Department o f Agriculture (USDA) and other federal activities toward Indian populations in the area o f food and nutrition. One major issue which needs to be recognized in discussing policy issues in nutrition for the Native American population is that we are dealing with many separate programs and many separate policies which affect their nutritional conditions. The Special Supplemental F ood Program for W om en, Infants, and C h ildren (W IC), the c o m m o d ity f o o d distribution program, the food stamp program, the Title VII elderly feeding program (under the Older Americans Act o f 1965), the IHS model diabetes care programs, the IHS nutrition and diatetics programs, federal day care and Head Start programs, the B1A sch ool feeding programs, public school lunch and breakfast programs, may all have some impact on the n u t r itio n a l sta tu s o f In d ia n individuals. Many o f these programs are administered by federal agencies and their mandates may differ as to how they deliver services to Indian populations even within a single agency. As such we need to realize that there is no comprehensive federal policy or collection o f policies intended to address the nutritional needs o f the Native American population. W e need to be able to see the mosaic o f programs which together form nutrition services for the Indian population. Policy for Indians? If a national policy is appropriate for American Indians and Alaska Native populations, the net policy must be able to recognize the differences existing between local communities. It is obviously ludicrous to try to have an identical policy for very different Indian groups. For instance, there is no point in sending frozen commodity meat to people lacking even basic refrigeration facilities, nor does it make sense to deny frozen meat to people who could store it in their freezers. Formerly, U SDA had structured its commodity food distribution system so that all Indian communities were to receive the same commodity food items. But, with passage o f the Food Stamp Act o f 1977, this is no longer so; each community can indicate its own preferences in the types o f food it wants from the list o f foods USDA says is available to that community at any particular time. This new flexibility built in through the legislative mandate o f the new food stamp and commodity distribution law, is a significant change in U SDA policy. The recognition o f community differences both in types o f food desired and the uses o f those foods in the community must be extended to other aspects o f the U SDA program. O ne criteria in the design o f nutrition policy for Indians is the recognition that some groups have adequate storage facilities and refrigeration while others d o not. A second point to consider in the delivery o f nutrition services to the American Indian population is one o f local control and coordination o f those services. T o date as I’ ve described, there are num erous available services that could affect the nutrition o f recipients yet these services are not coordinated at the local level, resulting in p oor utilization. A third area o f policy to consider is nutrition education. Those education campaigns directed toward pregnant and lactating mothers, adolescents, children, and infants among the Indian p o p u la t io n n eed to p re se n t information in a form which does not require literacy to understand, but w hich can be strengthened or improved by written information for some members o f the population. Nutrition education among the above groups also needs to direct attention toward specific single behavioral goals. The content o f the four food groups for population who linguistically or culturally d o not group food according to concepts o f m eat and protein, cereal and carbohydrate food s, fruits and vegetables, and milk foods is unlikely to change eating habits. Single behavioral messages which direct individuals to single behavioral goals over a short period o f time may be m ore effective. Once again, local differences must be recognized and nutrition education be allowed to serve other locallydesired goals as long as pursuit o f those goals d o e s not interfere with prom otion o f the nutritional message. Many groups wish to find mechanisms to display their written language for English literate, bilingual speakers who d o not read the native language. Local dual language materials for some tribes may be appealing. Others may wish to strengthen or reestablish certain cultural images and patterns which have been associated with food use. Others wish to promote use o f traditional foods. In order to recognize local differences, U SDA will need to find ways for providing appropriate technical assistance to support local p ro d u ctio n and d istribu tion o f materials. Hopefully, a simple means o f evaluating can also be developed. Government prom otion o f local adaptation and developm ent o f material needs to go beyond the idea o f leaving nutrition education up to local program m an a gers. R a th er governmental programs should set major themes for their educational goals and emphasize local group production o f materials, while at the same time providing the needed financial and technical support. A final point to consider in the structuring o f nutrition policy for Indian populations is that lack o f coordination is not only a problem at the local level, but at the federal level as well. (R eprinted from NIHB) �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 11 Tidal pow er plans explained By Dr. Normand Laberge PLEASANT POINT— The primary requisite for the site selection o f a tidal project is the availability o f a tidal range large enough to deserve further c o n s i d e r a t i o n an d a n a ly s is . Passamaquoddy Bay and Cobscook Bay are two regions where the tidal range is sufficiently large. At the present time, an average tidal range which exceeds eighteen feet is commonly accepted as the lower limit f o r the d e v e lo p m e n t o f an economically and technically feasible project. This does not infer that sites with tidal range less than eighteen feet cannot be proven feasible. However, additional factors would have to exist to counterbalance the lower tidal • range. This discussion will focus on the single-pool method o f development. In the case o f a single-pool project, the generation o f power is very similar to the operation o f a run-of-river hydroelectric plant. The impoundment area is comprised o f one tidal basin which serves as the source o f potential energy. Ideally, the tidal basin "would have a single entrance with a shallow and a narrow opening which would minimize the amount o f material needed for impoundment. Physical components for the project are as follows: (1) rockfill dam with clay core to maintain imperviousness (2) powerhouse, a concrete structure, placed in mid-channel and used to house the turbine, generator, and r e la te d m e c h a n ic a l / e l e c t r i c a l equipment; (3) sluice gates to fill and empty the tidal basin under various conditions; and (4) switching station fo r in te r c o n n e c tio n s with the transmission network. The appearance o f the tidal project will be nearly identical to the rockfill structure (causeway) which presently connects Carlow Island to the Pleasant Point Reservation. The inclusion o f a concrete powerhouse and sluice gates w ould be the only noticeable differences in outward appearance. The operation o f the power plant can probably be best explained by describing the actual procedure em ployed for pow er production. A ssu m in g that the p r o je c t is con stru cted and "o n - lin e ” , the generation o f power would proceed in the following sequence: 1. at high tide, the gates are closed which interrupts the normal exchange from the tidal basin. 2. with time, the level exterior to the tidal basin continues to recede in accordance with the normal behavior o f the tides. 3. a difference between the water elevation o f the tidal basin and Cobscook Bay is thereby formed as a result o f the impoundment; this elevation difference is defined as the hydraulic head which provides the source o f potential power. 4. The basin level remains at its controlled high pool elevation until a sufficient head is built up across the dam; typical values range from 4 feet to 8 feet for long time duration and m a x im u m p o w e r p r o d u c t io n , respectively. 5. Tidal waters are then released through the turbines producing electricity. 6. Power generation continues until the rising level o f Cobscook Bay d ic t a t e s th e t e r m in a t io n o f production; the controlling factor is once again the limiting head which in this case appears between the rising sea level and steadily decreasing basin level. 7. The gates which control the emptying o f the basin are opened completely at the end o f production, this allows the basin level and the C obscook Bay level to equalize. 8. With the gates open the tidal basin is now free to fill to its natural high tide level. This procedure is repeated with every tide for the production o f intermittent electricity. This operating m od e is know n as sin gle-pool p r o d u c tio n from basin-to-sea. Variations to this mode o f operation include sea-to-basin production when related to the square o f the hydraulic head, the amount o f electricity generated from the project will also vary in accordance with the available tidal range as determined by the length o f production time and by the value o f the.hydraulic head. A varying power production level cannot be overcome by any design changes; however, the ^predictability in the magnitude o f tides can still be scheduled years in advance o f actual production. The tides will produce more power for higher tidal ranges and less power for lower tidal ranges---- an inevitable conse quence o f the tidal function. But how much power could be delivered to the area from a project such as Half-Moon Cove.7In this case, the power plant would have an installed capacity o f 8,000 kilowatts (KW) and generate approximately 30,000,000 kilowatt-hour (KWH) o f Poetry Senabeh A map o f his life drawn on his face his eyes sad and slightly stuped His greying hair drawn, back, binded. His walk bending slightly forward, his head full of wisdom partly unused. Red Hawk Untitled The freshest cool air returned me to that night we slept beneath an open window in spring. It stirred inside me like memories o f a million spring nights before so far away so pure. Pancake ice, Cobscook Bay, near Pleasant Point. the occurence o f low tide triggers the p r e p a r a t io n f o r tid a l p o w e r generation. A more sophisticated procedure com bines sea-to-basin operation and basin-to-sea operation; however, a reversible turbine unit would be required for this mode o f operation at an added expense. The tides are a renewable source o f energy that will continue to be available and predictable both in terms o f time and magnitude. The regular tidal function also produces two peculiarities that have to be properly considered in the design o f a tidal power plant. The first concern refers to high tide which occurs fifty minutes later each succeeding day. Since the p ow er p r o d u c tio n s ch ed u le is intrinsically related to the occurence o f high tide, this behavior complicates the integration o f tidal pow er production within the regional network. However, the predictable nature o f the tides makes it possible to prepare a schedule which determines the exact time when tidal power is available for regional demand. It should also be noted that the output from a small project is much more easily absorbed into an electrical network than for large installations. The variations in the tides observed in C obscook Bay during a two-week period can range from 12 feet up to 27 feet. Since the electrical energy produced from a tidal power is directly energy per year. Assuming that a typical household use 6,400 KW H o f electricity annually, the tidal project cou ld theoretically su pply the electrical demands for nearly five thousand homes. This estimate is based on the assumption that tidal power will be used at the same time electricity is produced. In practice, the load demand curve doesn't always coincide with the tidal pow er produ ction schedule. The electrical demands are also continuous and not intermittent like the supply from a single-pool project. Therefore, Half-Moon Cove by itself would be unable to supply the continuous, or base-load, requirements o f the region. Bangor Hydroelectric Company and Eastern Maine Electric Cooperative would still continue to supply their regular service, but complemented by tidal power. If we now assume that the tidal project will be producing power forty percent o f the time, Half-Moon Cove's output would service twelve thousand homes during various times o f the production and load demand schedule. The tidal project could sometimes supply energy for m ost o f Washington County. EDITORS'S NOTE: Dr. Laberge is co-ordinating a planned tidal power demonstration project on Half-Moon C o v e, at the P assam aq u od d y reservation. Red Hawk 1977 Untitled Your eyes shine out from beneath your hair. In that familiar smile I love so much. When I got angry with you one day, I turned around and your face struck me. You were me twenty years ago. Then I remembered to have patience and love in my heart especially for children. bare, chubby child, shy, mischief tangly gleaming hair bright eyes he named you. Red Hawk 1976 �Page 12 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 news Migrant worker aid up for grabs 0R0N0 — Seasonal, migrant farm workers in Maine may find themselves eligible for up to $350 in “em ergency crisis assistance” funds, through a federal program now underway. Maine has received $109,109 from the Community Services Administration, and for those persons m eeting guidelines, the money is available until June 30. Farm work under CSA definitions includes fishing, agricultural crops, livestock, agri cultural processing, and forest-related production. Although primarily for emergency fuel relief, allowable expenditures cover be sides fuel (gas, oil, kerosene, wood, coal and electricity): winter clothing, blankets, rent, food, wood stoves and medical ex penses excluding dental work. For further information contact Larry Lack, Steuben, Maine, by calling Bangor, 947-4155 (collect). Jobs offered in Aroostook County Flashback photo notes Schaghticokes powwow AVON, Mass. — The New England Coastal Schaghticoke Indian powwow is scheduled May 3-4, at Baptist Church hall. North Main Street. Indian dancing and singing are planned, along with refresh ments including traditional fry bread. Hours are Saturday, 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., and Sunday, 1:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. No alcoholic beverages are allowed. Millennia party planned CONCORD, Mass. — A group calling itself “Millennia” plans a ceremonial cele bration of native people (Indians), May 3-4, at Watuppa Reservation. Drumming, singing, dancing, discussions, pot luck food, arts and crafts and a spiritual great circle are on the agenda. For m ore information contact Massa chusetts Commission on Indian Affairs. Clarification A story about a court hearing involving Michael Benete (or Bennett) in last month’ Wabanaki Alliance included a s statement by Bennett that he had asked permission to camp on Indian Island from Tribal Administrator Andrew Akins. Akins said this month the Bennett never made any such request, and that had he done so, Akins would have told him that it was not his (Akins’) authority to grant such permission. PRESQUE ISLE — Aroostook County Action Program, Inc. (ACAP) announces that applications are now available to economically disadvantaged Aroostook County youth for nearly 400 summer jobs in the summer youth employment program. The summer youth employment pro gram is funded through a grant from the (Continued from page 1) Maine Office of CETA Planning. Summer members of the community are forming a employment wall begin on or about June 16, at worksites in public or private non community newsletter, Wolamewakon, profit agencies and corporations and wall .which is Passamaquoddy for truth. In a state of policy the editors have said, “We continue for 8 weeks. Participating youth view the paper as a vehicle of positive will receive the minimum wage for up to 32 hours per week. Enrollees in the change; as a catalyst for improved pro summer youth employment program must grams for children; as an advocate for the segm ent of the reservation who have no be economically disadvantaged in accord voice or do not have the means or experi ance with CETA guidelines and between ence to have their views made known.” 14 and 21 years of age. Applications are available at the Maine Job Service offices, the WIN office, town offices, and at school guidance and prin cipal’ offices. Applications are also avail s JOHN M. MITCHELL able at the three ACAP Employment and INDIAN ISLAND — John M. Mitchell, Training Centers located at 18 Dyer St., 54, former governor of the Penobscot Presque Isle, tel. 764-3721; 794 W. Main Nation and former representafive to the St., Madawaska, tel. 728-6345; and 91Vt Legislature from the Penobscot tribe, died Military St., Houlton, tel. 532-9526. The April 9, 1980 at a Bangor hospital. toll free number to the Presque Isle office Mitchell, a W orld War Tw o veteran of is 1-800-432-7881. A roo sto ok County the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Marines, was youth, 14 to 21 years of age, who feel they a former member of the Orono Kiwanis may meet the income guidelines are en Club and former chairman of the Indian couraged to apply as soon as possible. Island Housing Authority. He was employed as job coordinator for Resources degree the Young Adult Conservation Corps (YACC). option for Indians He is survived by his wife, Dolores ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. - The Univer(Sappier) Mitchell, and two sons. sity of Albuquerque recently established A Mass of Christian Burial was cele its two-year Associate of Science Degree brated at St. Ann’ Catholic Church, s in Resource Management. Indian appli Indian Island. The Rev. John Civiello cants are wanted. officiated. Art Weisel, who coordinates the re source management program and who helped design its content for the Uni versity of Albuquerque, said, “It has SU PPLIES become more difficult — just when it has e d g e 148 P a g e become urgent — for local people every G rip es aired Obituary IN IA CR FT D N A where to control what happens to their natural resources. It has become neces sary to have an understanding o f science and technology, and to apply to it an understanding of business administration methods." For more information on the Associate of Science Degree in Resource Manage ment, contact Art Weisel, University of Albuquerque, St. Joseph Place NW, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87140. CORPUS CHRISTI, many years ago, at Indian Island, was a big event. Seen walking to ceremony, from left, are A gnes Mario, Ada Sockbeson, Mabel Neptune, Yvonne Lola, Margaret Ranco. Henry Sockbeson is at far left, behind the ladies. [Photo courtesy of Mildred Akins]. Judge blocks Alaska offshore oil l ea ses A federal judge issued an injunction Jan. 22 to block the awarding o f oil leases in the Beaufort Sea off the North Slope o f Alaska. Judge Aubrey Robinson, Jr., said the leases cannot be awarded because the government has violated the provisions of environmental legislation and an act pro tecting endangered species. Nine environ mental groups and two Eskimo villages opposed awarding the leases. % WABANAKI CORPORATION ALCOHOLISM COUNSELORS AND THEIR LOCATIONS: Old Town Rosalie Clark 866-5577 Clarence Francis 866-5577 Pleasant Point Grace Roderick 853-2537 Ralph Dana 853-2537 Northern Maine Alfred Dana 866-5577 Caribou Area Pious Perley 532-7317 Harriet Perley 532-7317 Portland Area George Paul 499-7589 Indian Township Bernard Stevens 796-2301 James Mitchell 796-2301 _ . , For free catalog, write Dept. 4 ® ___ _ R fY Trade Beads, Tin Cones, Brass Beads. Moire Tafleta Ribbon, Ermine Skins, Bone Elk Teeth, Shawl Fringe and Ybm. O W L m Indian Craft Manufacturing Co. ^ \J 5 0 -Q 2 Beaver Rd. Jamaica,N Y 212 5 2 6 -3 8 6 0 / Dig in! HARDWARE & GUM SHOP TOM VICAIRE, Proprietor The only Indian-owned hardware business in the State o f Maine “W e’ eager to do business with people re in the Indian community,” says Tom. The store carries a full line o f tools, electrical and plumbing supplies, paint and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine new and used guns. See Our Garden Supplies and Tools For all your hardware and hunting needs, visit — MATTAWAMKEAG HARDWARE & GUN SHOP and sample some good Indian hospitality and service. Keep in touch . . . Subscribe now! M AIL T O W ABAN AK I ALLIANCE, 95 M AIN STR EET, O R O N O , M A IN E 04473 W A B A N A K I A L L IA N C E S U B S C R I P T IO N F O R M (Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance) rn tfc Cata| 0g The w orld's largest Indian Crafts Catalog. Mere than 4,000 Items to choose tram! Recently, a joint sale by the Alaskan State Government and the Federal Government of rights to drill on 800 square miles o f the Beaufort Sea floor produced bids of over $ 1 billion. Name ............. ^ . Street .................. I EN CLOSE: 1 1 for one year $5 ....... 1 1 ___ (Individual— U.S.) 1 for one year $6 1___1 _ (Canada) I$10 for one year 1__ 1 _ (Institutional rate) City/Town and State . ......................................... [Donation (Amount) Zip Code --- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (April 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-444 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/8eb25893c6e35b4e0aab365131615e86.pdf 9f8169c697bb19117d86e66f34fb9b5b PDF Text Text Noo-proOl Organization U.S. Pottage Paid 3.1c Permit No. 1 4 Orono, Maine W abanaki A llia n c e Published by Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473. May 1980 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED 40 * Health center director suspended six weeks INDIAN ISLAND — A widening rift between the tribal governor and health center director exploded recently with the suspension of the director, her adminis trative assistant, and probation status for three other health center employees. Gov. Wilfred Pehrson and the Penob scot tribal council suspended Dr. Eunice Baumann - Nelson, head of Penobscot Health and Social Services, and Denise Mitchell, her assistant, until June 12. Placed on probation for three months were tribal nurse Ruth Davis, who has elected to resign, records clerk Maynard Krieder, and pediatric nurse practitioner Phoebe Gray. Baumann-Nelson and Mitchell were suspended without pay. A grievance hearing has been formally requested through Timothy Love, a tribal official temporarily placed in charge of the health center. Perhson declined comment on the council action against health center staff, stating that he did not think it was “news.” Wabanaki Alliance learned that Gov. Pehrson and Dr. Baumann-Nelson have disagreed on many occasions in the past, in particular regarding an incident when staff left the premises without authorization. At the time, Pehrson (Continued on page 5) Housing accounts deeply in debt INDIAN TOWNSHIP and PLEASANT POINT — The two Passamaquoddy reser vations are each more than a half million dollars in the red, Wabanaki Alliance has learned. Pleasant Point’ tribal housing author s ity fell short by ten units of a planned 40 unit development. Each unit costs about $70,000. Indian Township reportedly has cost overruns totaling about $600,000. The federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), has tentatively agreed to pay $280,000 of the overruns, on the basis that this percentage was not the fault of tribal officials. The Township has painstakingly recon structed its bookkeeping and accounts for housing, to ensure that HUD would continue its relationship with the tribe. Pleasant Point Housing Director Clay ton Cleaves has informed HUD that left over materials could be sold by the tribe for construction of a planned additional 20 units. Indian Township Housing Director George Stevens said units are planned at the Strip and Peter Dana Point. A HUD official said that both reser vations can qualify for additional funds even though prior accounts are in arrears. Indian Island is apparently in good financial shape, with no overruns in the Penobscot Nation Housing Authority. “Force account," a procedure by which tribal housing authorities employed tribal members in construction, has been a failure, the HUD official conceded. Some of the overruns can be laid to force account, he said. In the future, housing will be built through conventional contract with a developer, the official said. FIRST CATCH OF SPRING - These guys wasted no time in breaking out their fishing gear and trying their skiJls on the bass at Indian Township. Pictured from the left are Dale Newell, Dennis Tomah, Joshua Lake (holding onto his hat with one hand and fishing pole with the other], Ryan Gabriel, and Jay Malec. Lack of legal jurisdiction leaves tribes unprotected WASHINGTON — At Pleasant Point, the tribal governor was patroling the reservation himself, after most of his police department either resigned in frustration, or were fired. At Indian Township, the hands of law enforcement officers w ere “tied," by the lack of legal jurisdiction over lesser crimes. What is plaguing the tw o Passamaquoddy reservations is the result of the Sockabasin-Dana case last summer, in which Maine’ supreme court said Indian s lands are not subject to state jurisdiction. For major crimes, federal authorities handle jurisdiction, but there is as yet no mechanism to handle minor offenses. At Pleasant Point, a rock was thrown through a resident’ picture window, and s the glass door of the public safety department was smashed. But at least. Pleasant Point has been working toward a federally sponsored tribal court, called “CFR,” or Court of Offenses. The Township is a different story. There, residents voted in'a referendum to continue state jurisdiction on the reserva tion for a period of several years, but apparently neglected to determine how this could be arranged, prior to the vote. Tribal lawyer Thomas Tureen could not be reached for comment at press time. G eorge T. Skibine, a U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) official, said from his Washington office that “nobody here knew that there was some sort of agree ment between the tribe and the state for jurisdiction." BIA Eastern Area Director Harry Rainbolt, who was in Bangor this month for a convention, reportedly told the (Continued on page 8) Governor rebuts his critics WHO SAID READING ISN’T FUN — Especially when you’ learning your native re language. Jaciuta Altvater, 8, (left] and Renee Altvater, 7, enjoy a Passamaquoddy legend about the tricky “Espons,” the raccoon. by Bill O’ Neal PLEASANT POINT - Tribal Gov. Robert Newell has publicly defended his record here, in the wake of several articles in which tribal mem bers criticized his ad ministration. At one point, friction with Newell became so great that a petition was proposed seeking removal of the gover nor. It was not circulated after several tribal members urged petitioners give Newell an opportunity to improve. “It really saddens me that I have to do this,” Newell said. “I think this is som e thing internal. It bothers me to have to rebut this publicly." Commenting on tribal mem bers’ objec tions to the number of federal programs on the reservation and their frequent failures Newell said. “I agree there are a lot of failures, but there have been a lot of success stories, too. These federal pro grams didn't walk here: we had to go out and get them to develop talents. You have to consider the development of Indian people in the last decade." The primary purpose of these federal programs has been to provide employment and training, he said. Reservation housing has been the largest source of employment at Pleasant Point and has also proved to be the greatest liability, with cost overruns plunging the reservation into debt and causing the layoff of most of the construe(Continued on page 5 ) �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance May 1980 Poetry editorials Accountability Pleasant Point tribal council and governor Robert Newell have come under fire recently for allegedly failing to keep tribal members informed o f decisions being made on their behalf. They have been accused o f not being available to answer questions people have about tribal concerns and programs. Governor Newell, in a rebuttal to his critics (printed elsewhere in this issue) said he regrets having to go public with his comments. It is this very attitude o f secrecy that prom pted critics to consider a petition for his removal. At this point drafters o f that petition have suspended it, waiting to see if governor and council will becom e more responsive to their needs. We feel the governor’ facing them publicly is a step in the s right direction. Loggerheads Unity, harmony, working together. These are easy words to mouth, but much harder to put into practice. Indian culture has the reputation o f teaching calm, effective interaction. This does not mean peace always prevails. War has broken out between the Governor’s office at Indian Island, and the Penobscot Health and Social Services Department. The apparent fued between Gov. Wilfred Pehrson and Dr. Eunice Baumann-Nelson may at its core be no m ore than a personality conflict. W e’re not taking sides, but we hope the adversary factions can resolve their differences. Nobody should allow disruption o f medical and social services to tribal members. However, this on-going flap between the health clinic and tribal government has already jeopardized services. We don't know whether suspending the clinic director and her assistant, plus putting several staff on probation threatens Indian Health Service funding. We do know that Pehrson’ action brought s morale at the health center to a record low. The clinic staff has vowed to stick together, and a grievance will be filed. We don’ know if there is merit to the Governor and council’ t s complaints about the director and staff. He chose not to disclose the matter to the press. Whatever the complaints, to demoralize the entire staff o f the health center seems unwarranted. All parties should seek to remedy the situation immediately. ® Dear Mother — I love you — and m iss you — I’ sorry for m what I said Mother Dear you can’ take t back what was said — Dear Mother I hope you forgive — P.S. H ove you — Diane Newell Wilson Untitled 0 native American, how did you view the life of your Mother? Why did you take sparingly of nature’ supply? s Only for your ultimate gain, assuring later harvests? Or did you truly respect Earth’ children in all their forms? s What ran w e learn from you that will soften our materiality— That will enrich the qualities of our close environment— Will sharpen our focus on our neighbor and brother? What spiritual insights did you have which surpass our glitter? Insights worthy of sincere respect, of emulation, not destruction. Will you share your knowing as I seek with honesty? Judith Schmidt, 1979 The People first lems, and can be valuable to the on-going by Sky Owl life of the community and its accomplish Penobscot Nation ments. The grow ing population has creat As long as elected officials and repre sentatives need large sums of m oney to ed problem s that demand the utmost achieve and retain office, this pow er will technical and social skill to resolve, t not diminish on planning major changes, it because these problems won’ resolve themselves. They must be faced before will only frustrate efforts to change. they spawn others that in time envelop To overcome this people must volun tarily organi2e to make known and get the and destroy the community. Community: an area in which people kind of living conditions they would with common culture share common prefer. Decisions are being made “for” people interest. Voluntary boards and com mittees are rather than “by” people, a large propor tion of changes benefit a privileged sector. less subject to bureaucratic characteris tics and are more successful: they are free People need to b e part of the decision making process, to recognize their value of domination and they will outnumber bureaucrats in decision-making by putting and rally to their own support. Boards and committees should be made the needs of people above the survival of the bureaucracies. up of community-minded people, selected T h e com m u nities, co m m itte e s and by the people . . . not the same people on boards that are dominated by a single all boards and committees. pow er structure will breed jealousy, frus The development of a cooperative spirit tration, hatred, discouragement. is needed for dealing with common prob F iddleh eads Politics, the sagging economy, getting older and other ponderous problems, what do they matter when measured against the fabled fiddlehead? Fiddleheading time has com e again to Maine, and the old Indian tradition (long ago adopted by the white man) flourishes. While other customs may languish, the quest o f these furled ferns continues unabated. In some cases, money is a motive, although nobody has made their fortune picking the little green fiddles, which require hours of picking to fill a burlap sack. It’ old fashioned backbreaking toil, the s kind your grandfather would say is “good for you.’ O f course, old pros know that if you wet down your fiddleheads, they weigh just a tad more ... Most fiddleheaders, however, pick for the love o f it. They love the outing, the picking, and the eating. Add butter, a little salt pork maybe, and fry. Or steam. The aroma awakens the fiddlehead apetite that lay dormant all winter. Spring is here, the river recedes from its banks, and those cheerful green leprechauns poke their heads up through the mud, branches and last year’ leaves. s Heading out at dawn by canoe is the best way to stalk the elusive fiddlehead. The sweet fern is a little sonnet, a May minuet. Behold the fiddlehead. Mother Mother Dear — I’ sorry for m what w e two said — Behold the fiddlehead. �Wabanaki Alliance May 1980 Page 3 letters A Cherokee's life South Casco To the editor: I am writing this letter to you in appre ciation for the months you have sent me the Wabanaki news. Although my heritage is not of the Indians of Maine, my interest is high in the folklore of all the Indian tribes. I am Cherokee and have a proud heritage as you well know. My father was born in Baton Rouge, La., as w ere his brothers (2 ) and one sister. He was brought up as best he could be by his people. When but a young boy he and his father and mother and brothers migrated to Louisville, Ky. Here his father learned to make bricks and eventually had his own brickyard. My father got some education (formal) in Louisville and eventually left home to go to work selling surgical supplies for American Surgical Supply Co. He came to Maine in his travels and went to work for Armour Co., Portland. Me. He met my mother, a high school student about to graduate, class of 1906 and they, after a lengthy courtship by today’ standards married on New Year’ s s Eve 1914. I made my advent Sept. 13, 1919. Among the artifacts and other momentos I have come across or have been told about is a rather singular fact that my great-great grandmother on my father's side lived 1,650 moons or, as I have figured out approximately 127 years if a moon is as I assume, 28 days. This, I have been told, made her the oldest living Indian woman on record. I admire the long life of Rev. F. C. Slayton, age 110 and a chief of the Cherokee tribe from Oklahoma. I read his note to Wabanaki editor this a.m. Con gratulations to him and his young bride of 7 8! I am 60 years old, in excellent health at this time and if the Great Spirit will look with favor upon me I may have inherited longevity also. My father died at the age of 67 from tobacco mosaic, a blood disease contracted from overindulgence in smoking. It was at the time of his death considered a form of aggravated cancer of the blood. Wabanaki Alliance I was brought up by my grandparents, a strick Anglican family of Scotch-English background. These w ere my m other’ s people. I want to g o on record in agree ment with the lady who has brought up a Sioux Indian boy — you don’ have to be t brought up by an Indian family to be a good Indian. I feel that if one can follow the teachings of any good family and ulti mately pray, as in the Indian Prayer of the January issue of Wabanaki news, that displacement is of little importance. I’ had my successes and failures, my ve victories and defeats and exposure to life in general. What I learned from my grandfather, grandmother, mother and father stood by me when I needed to review my childhood counseling. I am definitely in favor o f the perman ent establishment of Maine Indian land claims area as a site to perpetuate Indian philosophy, language, arts, crafts and philosophy of living. The Indians have a beautifully simple and sincere approach to life and its problems and are perfectly able to survive even in today’ highly technical s civilization or society. I submit this letter to you in respect for your sacrifices in the past in the media and hope that success in the future will enable you to continue to publish Wabanaki Alliance. Richard H. McKinney The goings-on Dan forth To the editor: I have been receiving Wabanaki Alli ance since it has started and I enjoy it very much, this is the only way I can hear what is going on at the reservations and I live only 35 miles from one of them, so please keep sending. Geraldine Tomah Oliver Priceless To the editor:Wabanaki Alliance is priceless, and that says it all. Keep up the wonderful work. Marge Hammond Vol. 4, No. 5 May 1980 Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [D1S] at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Oronc Times. Printed by Ellsworth American. Member — Maine Press Association Steven Cartwright, Editor William O ’ Neal, Associate Editor Mary T. Byers Brenda Polchies Roberta Richter Kathy Tomah Reporters Indian Island Houlton Pleasant Point Indian Township Phone 827-4543 Phone 532-7317 Phone 853-4654 Phone 796-2301 SHOVING OFF — Penobscot tribal members, with bags and buckets to fill, head up the Penobscot River in search of fiddlehead ferns. The delicacy is plentiful on the river’ s islands, where Indians only are allowed to pick them. May is fiddlehead month. Devastation Mattawamkeag T o the editor: Today I am deeply concerned for Indian people. W e are being exposed to a terrible disease. One that can be fatal to us as a people. I am not sure how it became active, but I am aware of a few situations that prom ote it. The major promoter is the non-Indian community. It is a predominate belief in “America” to day that you must be only an individual and you must be con cerned only for your needs. Millions of “Americans” go to work daily with the attitude being imposed upon us. We must be very careful with this situation because it lends support to another situation. That is, the life support system that we depend on: "federal funding.'fYn order to be “eligible" we must comply with regulations. And we are constantly being advised by T e d s ’ that there is not enough money for all Indians, so we must regulate out some of the less desirable. Consequently, we impose “definition” upon our people. Definitions that separate us from each other. Definitions that say a Passamaquoddy or Penobscot quarter blood is more Indian than a Micmac or Maliseet quarter blood, or that a quarter blood Maliseet is more Indian if he or she is a* member of the Houlton band. And the divisions go on and on. The result being that the strength of Indian people, the strength of a tribe and the strength of the families are ultimately devastated, and we are reduced to only a group of individuals that have only history in common^ Unless we innoculate ourselves now with large doses of caring for one another we will become consumed by society and eliminated as a people. Tom Vicaire Keep in touch . . . Understanding Indians Poughkeepsie. N.Y. To the editor: I would like to thank the Wabanaki Alliance for the wonderful and much appreciated assistance your paper gave me with my research paper I was writing on the Maine Indian land claims issue. My report was very successful. However, more importantly than this, I feel, is that in reading the Wabanaki Alliance I have been made aware of the real human struggles and triumphs of the Indian peoples. Your paper portrays the Indian situation in such a way that the reader is filled with a deep admiration and understanding for what it means to be an Indian attempting to survive in today’ s fastpaced, “barbaric" world. Stripped of the violent or romantic stereotypes of the past, the Indian situation is a desperate and poignant one which warrants more concerned public attention and involve ment. However, I realized that therein lies one of your greatest problems: most people do not care, nor do they want to get involved. Although I am a very patriotic American, I am saddened and disillusion ed by how often America falls short of its freedom and equality ideals. The Indians are just one example of a group of people who are suffering because their needs are often overlooked by the government. All I want to say here is that I feel for the Indians and their “cause." I think you are a strong and proud breed of people. Keep fighting for what is rightfully yours! I'm with you all the way on the land claims case! You deserve every part and parcel of it. Please accept this coniribulion and continue my subscription to the W ’ahanaki Alliacne so that I can keep abreast of the Indian situation. Catherine Robbins Vassar College Subscribe now! M AIL T O W AB A N A K I ALLIANCE, 95 M AIN ST R EE T. O R O N O , M A IN E 04473 W A B A N A K I A L L IA N C E S U B S C R I P T IO N F O R M DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree |chairman] Carroll Stevens, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Jeannette LaPIante. Central Maine Indian Assoc. Clair Sabattis, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Indian Island Orrington Indian Township Indian Island Indian Township Old Town Houlton Houlton DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to rhi-e newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; $6 Canada and overseas; S10 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.] (Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance) I EN CLOSE: $5 for one year (Individual— U.S.) $6 for one year (Canada) Street City/Town and State $10 for one year (Institutional rate) Zip Code Donation (Amount) �Page-4 W ahanaki Alliance May 1980 Will Wabanaki Indians share Black Hills fate? by Freeman A. Morey “Whatever befalls the earth befalls the people of the earth. Humans did not weave the web of life, we are merely a strand in the web. Whatever we do to the web we do to ourselves . . . tribe follows tribe and nation follows nation like the waves of the sea. It is the order of nature and regret is useless. Your time of decay may be distant, but it will surely come, for even the whites whose God walked and talked with them as friend to friend, cannot be exempt from the common destiny. We may be family after all. W e will see.” Chief Sealth (Seattle) 1855 (translated) “Whatever befalls the earth befalls the people of the earth.” These words, spoken well over a hundred years ago, ring as true today as they did yesterday. They will be even more relevant tomorrow. As we enter the 80’ war, hunger and s disease are taking a “back seat” to the ever-growing and equally as dangerous problem of nuclear and industrial pollution and its effect on our environment. Even now “acid rain” is falling on our lakes and forests, and our green woods and fields are being sprayed by all sorts qf “pest” control chemicals. Our brothers and sisters in the Black Hills of South Dakota are fighting a tooth and claw battle to prevent the beautiful countryside they live in from becoming an uninhabitable wasteland due to the rav ages of uranium mining. The “Black Hills Alliance International Survival Gathering” July 18-27 in the Black Hills) is trying to raise the level of awareness of both the Indian and white • communities. Several interesting facts to consider about the problem of uranium mining and production are as follows: 1. The damaging health effects of low level and high level radiation are not reversible. 2. Exploring for uranium is a process of drilling thousands of holes as much as 10,000 feet through underground rock layers releasing deadly radon gas and other radioactive materials into the water and air. 3. Uranium milling waste is ore called “tailings." These sand-like particles are 85 percent as radioactive as the original ore. These millions of tons of w astes release radon gas for 800,000 years. 4. Near the Cheyenne River in Edgemont. South Dakota, there are 7.5 million tons of radioactive materials and mill tailings, which release radon gas. In 1962, 200 tons of radioactive materials spilled into the Cheyenne River and washed 25 miles downstream until they sank into Angostura Reservoir. There has never been any clean-up or concern shown for the health and safety of the people who drink this water. The tailings at Edgemont are still blowing in the wind and being washed away by rain and snow. 5. A Pine Ridge, South Dakota, prelim inary study by Women of All Red Nations indicate alarming increases in birth de fects, spontaneous abortions and cancer deaths they believe are linked to the contamination of the water supply by radiation and chemical wastes. 6. The Tennessee Valley Authority has reported that it will use at least 675 gallons of water per minute for its mineral development. This destroys the natural aquifers (an aquifer is an underground water bearing rock formation) of the area mined. T.V.A. admits that one of.its mines will dewater the Lakota Nation’ aquifer s in 35 years or less. BLACK HILLS ALLIANCE Although much fussing and reporting is done on nuclear power plant accidents, the pollution involved is minute compared to the daily release of uranium dust and gas that is expelled from the uranium mines via ventillation culverts. If you missed the television special “The Uranium Factor” I strongly urge you to see it if it ever plays again. Just the sight of many different mines, most working 24 hours a day, and dis charging clouds of radioactive dust through ventilator pipes 2 or 3 feet across are enough to drive home the extent of the danger present. What’ especially eye-opening is the s fact that this radioactive dust and gas rides the wind, rain and snow in a easterly direction, mingling with the pollution of the Eastern factory towns to fall on our beloved lakes and woods. We are not mining uranium nor can our factory towns com pete with the industrial pollution of Detroit, Pittsburg, Chicago or any of the other large industrial areas in the country. Yet, it is us the acid rain falls on, not just them. We can sit here in Maine (or the Northeast in general) and think we have clean water and woods we so proudly refer to as “Vacationland.” If the neglect of the dangers of radio active and industrial waste continue as they are today then the new name for Maine will be “Wasteland.” As greedy people are trying to exploit the Black Hills for the “m oney” that lies deep in the ground, so are the.same kind of people trying to make themselves richer by destroying our woodlands. In my opinion the real reason behind the Spruce Budworm Spraying is money, pure and simple. Instead of letting nature take its course and accepting the budworm for what it is, the larger paper companies are crying that we need more wood now, and that they don’ have enough money to pay t for the spraying so the government (us) have to carry the load. The fact is that America does need wood. But, is it worth the millions of dollars for spraying, plus the harvesting cost, plus the chemical pollution of our land. If we let the budworm run its course it will go away in a few years by itself, but this is too long to wait for those who want money now. What will they say when they have developed a “super budworm’ that can t be killed? Throughout history, no group of people have ever tried harder to adapt the land to their needs rather than adapting to the earth’ needs more than the rich and s powerful. When will the large industrial pow ers realize that not only will their workers perish but they themselves will finally feel the sting of earth’ rebuttal of s their ways? In my opinion the “status quo” has always been the rich letting the poor live in squalor and die so the rich can get richer. Today, however, the scene is changing, th e poor are still suffering to serve the rich and rich still want more. But, the “m ore” that they want will be the downfall of us all. Yesterday’ hardships s of coal mining, field work and factory labor are a drop in the bucket compared to the dangers of radioactive and industrial wastes. When the pollution level reaches a certain height there will be no turning back for poor and rich alike. Radiation in the air will not be contained like coal dust. Even the big white house on the hill is subject to air pollution just like the rest of us. Change is the natural process. If we are not to die out as a species we must change our actions and stop killing ourselves. If we don’ the earth will make the change t for us and destroy us all. If this is to be, I for one hope it com es soon, so the rest of the plant and animal life m ight have a chance to start again. We must first identify the enemy correctly. The enemy of the Indian is not the white man, the enemy of the white man is not the Indian. Greed, apathy and unwillingness to give a little now to reap a lot later are our real enemies. Everywhere around us we see examples of people working unnecessarily dangerous jobs because they simply need the money. Let us realize that it is the greedy, money and power hungry people that are the enemy of us all. The idea that any one race is responsible for our troubles is ridiculous. Nuclear and industrial waste dangers are not a scare or a myth. They tell us the pesticides sprayed on our woods are not harmful to man. That’ the s same story they told about “Agent Orange” to our soldiers in Viet Nam. Truthfully, if we sit back and do nothing when we are aware of the severity of the problems that face us, then we, yes we, are our own worst enemies. Navajo Nation opposes federal relocation scheme WINDOW ROCK, Arizona — Indian health officials have warned the federal government that eviction of thousands of Navajo Indians from their Arizona reser vation “presents a clear and present threat to the mental and emotional stability of the relocatees," according to a press release from Navajo tribal govern ment. Dr. Martin Topper, an anthropologist with the mental health branch of Indian Health Service (IHS), said studies show 6,000 Navajo men, and women and children facing relocation are showing “an unusually high evidence” of serious mental and emotional health problems. He said the pending relocation bill will sig nificantly add to their stress, the press release stated. Topper said Navajos waiting to be evicted from their homeland because of a land dispute with the Hopi Indians are using government mental health facilities on the Navajo Reservation. He said depression among potential “relocatees” is three times the average for the rest of the Navajo Tribal leaders and others work ing on the reservation are worried that the congressionally-mandated eviction will destroy the cultural fabric that ties the Navajos together as a people, a tribal spokesman said. Navajo Tribal Chairman Peter Mac Donald, who has been fighting the relo cation plan from the beginning, urged Congress not to proceed “with this in human mandate, particularly in view of these medical reports. The Navajo people are sick at heart because they cannot understand why Congress and the federal government would want this to happen,” he said. Anti-nucleor rally includes Indians WASHINGTON -r- A massive demon stration against use and development of nuclear power in this country took place here April 26, and a number of Indian tribes w ere represented. Upholding In dian treaties was one plank of the “anti nuke” platform at the rally, that included groups such as Black Hills Alliance of South Dakota (a coalition of Indians and non-Indians). Several Penobscots from Indian Island attended, including Lorraine Nelson, Martin Neptune and others. Folksinger Pete Seeger was among perform ers. A longtime anti-nuclear activist, he has for years supported Indians and their causes. SOME THINGS NEVER CHANGE - Pleasant Point youngsters Timmy Moore [left] and Scooby Stanley spend the afternoon perfecting an ancient skill. �Wabanaki Alliance May 1980 Page 5 Commentary In su pport o f claim s p rop osa l by William C. Bullock, Jr. I would like to offer the following comments supporting the ratification by our State House of Representatives and Senate of the proposed land claims settle ment. The original ten tative settlem e n t agreed upon several years ago called for a financial payment of approximately $50 million from the federal government or approximately $112 an acre. The current package of $80 million works out to a per acre cost in the neighborhood of approxi mately $180 which, when one considers the compounding of double digit inflation and the increasing land values, does not appear to be out of line. The people of Maine and the Indian people are indeed the innocent parties here of an action that took place almost 200 years ago, with the real burden lying upon the federal government. The federal government got us into this can of worms and it’ their responsibility to get us out. s Unlike the western states we have never received any federal funds for our Indian people from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and I look upon part of the $80 million from the federal government as funds justly due our state for reimburse ment of the financial cost that we have paid for the human service needs of our Indians over this period of time. Is $80 million such a substantial sum for a federal government with a budget approaching 3 of a trillion dollars to pay a state with As one of the lowest per capita family incomes in our nation to prevent it from suffering the dire economic consequences of a long and protracted court action or the possibility again of our state and its political subdivisions not having access to the debt markets or people not being able to buy and sell real estate? While I am familiar with the state’ s case, which does appear to be a strong one, with a tremendous amount of historical background and convincing legal doctrines prepared by our attorney gen eral’ staff over the last decade with s further help from outside counsel, the facts are: we have yet to win in any preliminary opinions in the courts. The costs and uncertainties of a protracted court trial, to me, are just not worth the risk. . The opponents to the settlement argue that the 9,500 Indian claims pending in Congress will likely result in congres sional action abolishing aboriginal rights of the American natives. This, to me, is a ridiculous argument and wishful thinking. Bruce Francis, left, head of Passamaquoddy Forestry Department, battles a brush fire Can you imagine the effects on the foreign with forester Russell Roy, at Indian Township. The blaze was quickly extinguished. The policy of our country which has continued tribal fire engine was unable to assist due to mechanical problems. to expound the subject of human rights as one of our m ost important policies? Lastly, there is concern regarding the jurisdictional question of laws on Indian lands. In this regard, the proposed settlement worked out by Attorney General Cohen will give our state much greater control and jurisdiction than any other state in the country over our Indian people. (Continued from page 1) he said he is “still planning on doing it: In order for our state to prosper in the '80s, it is imperative that we get this land tion work force. Housing critics have hopefully in the near future.” He said ihe charged that the tribe should not have major holdup in establishing the office is a claims problem solved as soon and as ex agreed to bear the cost of any overruns lack of space in the community building. peditiously as possible. Editor’ note: Mr. Bullock is president when the housing contract was made with Eugene Francis is being considered to run s of Merrill Trust Co. His comments are Department of Housing and Urban D e the office, Newell said, “if he wants to and feels he can do it excerpted from a speech last March. velopment (HUD). Answering another complaint, Newell According to Newell, “The only way we According to Merrill bank officials, their bank is the only one “to have publicly could get the force account project, was to denied that he or council circumvents the agree to accept any deficits.” Under the personnel department in hiring and firing come out in support of a fair and immedi force account the tribe served as contrac employees. "Short-cut hiring only occurs ate resolution to the claims.” tor and was primarily responsible for for CETA (Comprehensive Employment building the houses. As such, it was able and Training Act) projects, when we need to hire reservation labor, and increased to fill a slot to avoid losing He denied rumors that it is common practice employment to around 75 percent. “With out federal programs, how would that for monies to be shifted from a healthy program to foundering ones to keep them (reservation employment) be,” he asked. Newell blamed bureaucratic red tape going. “All of our programs have audits," and former project director, Robert he said. The conflict over who has final author Critics have accused Newell of fre Bundy, for the overruns and consequent ity at the health center has yet to be indebtedness. According to Newell, the quently being absent from his job and not resolved. Pehrson reportedly maintains tribe foresaw a debt of $600,000 and asked being there to deal with questions and that he is Baumann-Nelson’ superior, and HUD for extra mone/; however, HUD problems tribal members have. While nots she is his employee. Dr. Baumann-Nelson projected a deficit of only $200,000 with denying his absences, Newell said the also declined public comment. the result that the tribe went into debt pressure of his office necessitated it. “At One source close to the clinic's director and failed to complete the project. the beginning of the job (as governor) I said “it’ politics.” s “We have failed in building 40 homes, worked so hard that I got emotionally and Another source commented, “I can't but we have built 30. and we’ negotiated physically sick," he said, "I finally had to ve believe they did this. It was not done completing the remaining 10 homes,” take a week off. When I came back, there w ere so many people in my office with so accorind to the policy and procedure” of Newell said. the health and social services department, Newell maintained that the failures many problems, I had to leave again. I have worked hard all my life for the tribe. which is funded through federal Indian have been a necessary part of the develop Newell said in the last week he has been ment of talent on the reservation and pre Health Service. Many observers w ere surprised that dicted that things would improve. “The working both night and day. Because ot Gray, Kreider and Davis w ere placed on failures are due to inexperience. W e are recent firings and resignations on the probation. Various undisclosed complaints getting more Indian people graduating police force, he said he has had to patrol w ere lodged, but health center sources each year,” he said. the reservation at night. “It's lonely work, scoffed at the nature of the complaints. Another area of complaint surrounds and that's the way I feel — alone. Alone. 1 Krieder acknowledged that he spoke out tribal competition with private businesses am virtually useless. My critics are critically at a meeting. “The real thrust of on the reservation. Most vocal has been welcome to come help.” it (the council action) was at Eunice and reservation resident Ralph Dana, who Denise,” one source confirmed. alleges that his trucking business has Those suspended and those put on underbid the tribally run Tribal Trucking. probation learned of their status first Inc. on several occasions, yet not received through the “grapevine,” and only later tribal contracts. Newell commented, “It received notification by letter, one source may be true what Ralph said, but said. payments on the trucks still had to be Morale was low this month at the health made.” He added that, during the first center. phase of force account housing, the tribe In other clinic business, supervisor of incurred overruns of $100,000 and that contract care Alan Sanborn, a Penobscot, money earned by Tribal Trucking, Inc. has been promoted to deputy director of was used to pay back a loan to cover the Penobscot Health and Social Services, debt. replacing Paul W. Buckwalter who re Alleged failure of governor and council signed earlier this year. to keep the tribe informed of financial matters has also been charged. Newell said that “after listening to some people, I decided to set up a department with a person to explain finances to anyone interested." Although several months Pleasant Point Governor Robert Newell have elapsed since he first suggested this. Health center staff suspended six weeks (Continued from page 1 ) ordered those staff members involved fired, but Baumann-Nelson overturned the order. HAND CARVED INDIAN CRAFTS Totem poles, Wabanaki war clubs, canes, miniature totem poles, carved letter openers with Indian heads. Also some jewelry. For more information call Claude Dennis at 1-207-827-7674 or write to Stan Neptune, 111 Oak Hill, Indian Island, Old Town, Maine 04468. Governor responds to his critics �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance May 1980 Reservations face iurisdictional void (Continued from page 1 ) Passamaquoddies at the Township that there is no way state jurisdiction could be applied to Indian territory of a federally recognized tribe. The question of jurisdiction at Indian Township was argued at a recent m eeting of tribal officials, Rainbolt, Skibine, Tureen and others in Washington. Skibine said the Department of the Interior solicitor’ office ruled that state juris s diction cannot be used at Indian Town ship. A ruling written by Skibine appeared in the Federal Register, and said in part: “There is an urgent and compelling need for judicial and law enforcement services on the Pleasant Point and Indian Town ship Indian reservations . . . justice is no longer effectively administered under state laws and by state law enforcement authorities on either reservation. “The withdrawal of these services has left a void in the law and order program in the two areas and could have serious effect on the safety of their residents," Skibine wrote. Indian Township police officer Darryl Nicholas — the only officer with a nowrequired federal commission — said “the officers, they’ all shook up about it. re What’ the sense of working?" s Skibine said “the tribe can always get out of CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) court if it wants to.” He also said that as soon as Pleasant Point’ court is in s operation, it could handle Indian Town ship cases. Penobscots at Indian Island held their first session of tribal court Dec. 13, 1979. Obituaries Indian boy drow ns ORNEVILLE — Three-year-old Willis Pearl, son of Penobscot Indian, Catherine Tomer Pearl, and Willis Pearl Sr., lost his life in the waters of a stream. May 6. The father has a heart condition and is disabled, the mother is unemployed. Donations to help m eet expenses for the Bradford couple should be addressed to Central Maine Indian Association, 95 Main St., Orono, maine 04473. Already, the Penobscot Nation at Indian Island has agreed to donate $600. WILLIS R. PEARL JR. BRADFORD — Willis R. Pearl Jr., 3, died unexpectedly at Orneville, May 6, 1980. He was born at Milo, Dec. 3, 1976, the son of Willis and Catherine (Tomer) Pearl. Surviving, besides his parents of Brad ford, are his paternal grandmother, Julia Marshall of Bradford: maternal grand mother, Margaret Neptune of Indian Island; great-grandparents, Clarence and Violet Francis of Indian Island; several aunts and uncles. Funeral services were held at the Lary Funeral Home in Milo the Rev. Ann Stead officiating. Burial will be in Hillside Cemtery, Bradford. Neptune, dead at 79, respected dancer by Ruby Richter Area Reporter PLEASANT POINT — James A. Nep tune, a Passamaquoddy, died May 2. He was respected in the tribe for his dancing, craftsmanship, pride in being Indian, and patience in teaching children. He contributed many of his talents to the Indian community. For many years he worked in basket making, canoe building, snowshoe making, moccasin and costume making complete with intricate bead work done by himself, in a way which gives one a feeling of exultant joy, pride and happiness. In his younger years he worked in Kennebunkport and later worked in the woods, and at Chebeague Island, as care taker, during the summer. He helped his father working as a chef in different summer resorts. He was also a baseball player during his earlier years. He had his own unique way of Indian dancing. H e hunted seals when there was a bounty on them many years ago. He worked on the Quoddy Dam initiat ed by President Roosevelt. He taught the young people the Indian Dance by doing it with them. One had to have strong muscular coordination to be able to imitate his way of dancing. JAMES A. NEPTUNE PLEASANT POINT — James Augus tine Neptune, 79, died May 2, 1980, at an Eastport hospital after a long illness. He was born at Pleasant Point July 6, 1900. He worked in the woods and was active in Indian dances held at the reser vation each year on special occasions. He is survived by three sons, James Neptune Jr. of Cambridge, Mass.; Sebattis of Eastport; Roy of Pleasant Point; one daughter, Gloria Kelley of Portsmouth, Va.; several grandchildren. A Mass of Christian burial was celebrated at St. Ann’ Catholic s Church, with the Rev. Joseph Mullen, S.J., officiating. Interment will be in the Tribal Cemetery, Pleasant Point. History in the m aking His reflection visible in the shiny desk top, Gov. Joseph Brennan signs the Maine Indian land claims act last month, in Augusta, following rapid passage in the House and Senate by the Legislature. Looking on are legislators and m em bers of the Indian negotiating team, from left: Allen Sockabasin, tribal Gov. R obert Newell, Joseph Nicholas, House Speaker John Martin, Andrew Akins, Atty.-Gen. Richard Cohen, G eorge Stevens [behind Cohen], Rep. Gerard Conley, Senate President Joseph Sewall, Sen. Samuel Collins, Guy Phillips, Clayton Cleaves, tribal Gov. Harold Lewey, Carl Nicholas. Tribal gro u p b ack s land claim s BANGOR — A unanimous resolution was passed this month supporting nego tiated settlement of the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims, at. a three-day convention of United South and East Tribes (USET). The proposed 300,000 acre settlement — with an $81.5 million price tag — has been approved by the Maine Legislature and is currently pending before Congress. The appointment of Maine’ senior s Senator, Edmund S. Muskie, to the office of Secretary of State, may or may not affect the Congressional delegation’ ad s vocacy of the claims package. Muskie’ s replacem en t, fed era l J u d g e G e org e Mitchell of Bangor, was not seen by tribal leaders as causing any major shift. Mitchell as senator is expected to support the negotiated settlement. Meanwhile, state Sen. Andrew Red mond of Madison is circulating a petition opposing the claims settlement. The tribes originally sought 12.5 million acres through tribal lawyer Thomas Tureen. In other U SET action, the Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy Tribe was formally admitted as members of the group. Indian CATHERINE [SOCOBY] LORING BANGOR — Katherine Socoby, a Passamaquoddy, died here May 15, following a lengthy illness. A native of Pleasant Point, she leaves tw o sons, Lester Purdy of Indian Town ship, and George Purdy of Lemont, Il linois; and a brother, Russell Socoby of PLEASANT POINT — Molly Newell Houlton. and Cather Lewey w ere among twentyDetails will appear in next month’ s three graduating seniors of Shead Mem Wabanaki Alliance. orial High School taking part in a tour of historic attractions in Washington, D.C., Tonto, d e a d at 62 Philadelphia, and New York. Jay Silverheels, 62, who co-starred in U.S. history was the theme of the trip, the long-running “Lone Ranger” television which featured visits to the Washington series as the faithful Indian sidekick Monument, Lincoln and Jefferson Mem Tonto, died March 5 of complications from orials in D.C., Independence Hall and the pneumonia. Liberty Bell in Philadelphia, and the He was 62 years old. A Mohawk Indian, Statue of Liberty in New York. born on the Six Nations Indian R eser vation in Canada, he got his first good INDIAN JEWELRY movie role in 1947, appearing with Tyrone Indian-handmade quality wedding (or Pow er in “Captain from Castile.” in the friendship) bands. These are Zuni1950’ he starred as the Indian chief s made, with cut stones, fine quality, and Geronimo in “Broken Arrow,” “Battle at sterling silver. Describe your needs Apache Pass” and “Walk the Proud and exact size (estimate x size above k Land.” your regular size) and I will do my best In the 1960’ Silverheels founded the s to locate. Average cost will be $30 each Indian Actors Workshop in Hollywood to plus postage; none higher than $40. I help ge t Indian actors roles. “He created will send cost statement for your the atmosphere for us to get into the approval before shipping C.O.D. I wifi industry,” an actress, Lois Red Elk, said. also fill orders for other handmade “Before that, Indian people had to play Indian jew elry items if you describe props, extras, background. There just what you want. weren’ any Indian people with speaking t Sue Stevens parts.” Silverheels was a Golden Gloves 3812 Monroe N.E. boxer, amateur wrestling champion and a Albuquerque, N.M. 87110 professional lacrosse player in his youth. Two Pleasant Point seniors visit Capital Township Passamaquoddies, and Indian Island Penobscots, w ere already mem bers. It was the first U SET meeting ever in the northeast. The Penobscot Nation was host. W A N TE D Handmade miniatures suitable for fur nishings in or around miniature houses built to a scale of 1” = 1 foot. Especially (but not exclusively) in terested in baskets of all types, cradles, birchbark items, or other things not found in the ordinary toy shop. These have to be well made, and to scale. Prefer natural colors. Send a sketch, photo or description, or better yet a sample, and your asking price per item. Business will be conducted on a C.O.D. basis. Sue Stevens 3812 Moiiroe N.E. Albuquerque, N.M. 87110 CAN’ FIND A JOB? T TRY THE Job Corps Would you like to be trained as a ... Bookkeeper Secretary/Stenographer Clerk Typist Nursing Assistant If you are 16 to 21 and not in school, the Penobscot Job Corps Center has training programs which may be of interest to you. The Penobscot Job Corps Center provides all trainees with a place to live, meals, health care and a cash monthly stipend while you learn. And when you finish, we'll also help you find a job. SOUND GOOD? IT JS GOOD. ASK FOR JOB CORPS — in the Portland area— 775-7225 — in the Auburn area— 786-4190 — in the Bangor area— 947-0755 — or toll free anywhere in Maine at 1-800-432-7307 ASK FOR JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance May 1980 Maliseets march against A young Indian woman makes poster for U.S.-Canadian border protest last month. Her sign reads: “You import boat people and export aborigines!” a Demonstrators approaching the Canadian customs building at Andover, New Bruns wick — opposite Fort Fairfield, Maine. Poetry Power Three nations of power USSR, US and China all looking for a "shina” Nostrodomus predicted an answer in this answer a teaching the answer land, everything and people Gluskabe brought to the first people land trust knowing the day has past the net I have cast if you use power wrong the unknown will get stronger Born with altruism the strength of teaching Gluskabe reaching no “prob,” just a job with the strength we get put it to use on the past William W. McDougall Yellowquill case upheld Jay Treaty Two years ago a significant U.S. court ruling on an appeal by an Indian woman supported the 1794 Jay Treaty that protects Indians from deportation, among other things. The case of Jolene Yellowquill in volved a charge of possession of heroin, in Texas. The courts tried to deport Yellowquill to Canada, where she was born, but an appeal through lawyer Lawrence Aschenbrenner brought a ruling that she was “not subject to deportation on any ground.” Deporta tion proceedings against Yellowquill, started Nov. 4,1977, were terminated. CALLING MALISEETS EVERYWHERE URGENT CALL W e must unite Let’ stand up and be counted s For membership information contact: M ALISEET NATION, INC. P.O. BOX 154 MADAWASKA, MAINE 04756 by Steve Cartwright TOBIQUE RESERVE, New Brunswick — “Immigration, Immigration won’ you t leave us alone? Take your customs to your white man, we’ ve got customs o f our own.” So sang several young Maliseet Indians at a Maine-Canadian border demonstra tion last month. Maliseets along with Micmac, Passamaquoddy and Penobscot sympathizers w ere protesting the at tempted deportation of Raymond Sockabasin of Tobique, and other alleged vio lations of the 1794 Jay Treaty, which said Indians could “freely pass and repass” the border. If there is no border for Indians, then how can an Indian be deported? That’ the s argument advanced by 75-80 Maliseets led by Wayne Nicholas of Tobique. However, as Nicholas readily admits, it’ not as s simple as that. Brothers Raymond and Larry Sockabasin are the cause of the border demon stration near Fort Fairfield, Maine, and subsequent protest marches at Houlton and Calais border crossings. They were born at Indian Township Passamaquoddy reservation. Raymond is wanted in Can ada on charges of assault on a police officer, and possession of liquor; for this, Canadian authorities want to deport him, along with Larry, charged with destruc tion of property. The Sockabasins would apparently be luckier in the States. The U.S. has ratified the Jay Treaty, but as historian James Wherry of Houlton pointed out in an article in the January 1980 Wabanaki Alliance: “The Canadian government’ response s to the question of Jay Treaty rights is simple. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled in 1956 that Article HI of the Jay Treaty and Article IX of the Treaty of Ghent (which would have reinstated the Jay Treaty after the War of 1812) are not applicable in Canada, since Canadian L eg islation has not been passed to implement or sanction the provisions of the Treaty. This view of Canadian law makes Indians subject to the provisions of the Im m igra tion Act and Regulations in the same manner as all other persons wishing to enter Canada. “The United States has taken a dif ferent view of Jay Treaty rights. General ly, American officials have tended to wards an acknowledgement of the Jay Treaty rights of North American Indians.” Larry is currently jailed at the border crossing where the jail happens to be located. After a day of picketing U.S. and Canadian customs buildings, marchers sang an American Indian Movement (AIM) song in front of the jail; inmates cheered; the protestors w ere told to disperse. “What ignited this protest was the (threatened) deportation of two sons of Indian parents who are recognized band members of the Tobique Indian Reserve,” explained Nicholas. “Protestors firmly believe that deportation was not warrant ed as the charges laid under the criminal code of Canada w ere of a minor nature. Under no circumstances will the pro testors protect or demonstrate on behalf of criminals with serious offenses. “Therefore, the main issues of the national protest are, the imposed immi gration laws disturbing the aboriginal rights of all North American Indians," Nicholas said. In an interview at his father’ house, s where he is staying, Raymond Sockabasin said, “Everyone tells us that we’ Indians re and they can’ deport us. I was charged t with assault on a police officer. It was only for 20 pints of beer. It’ about time s somebody spoke up. This ain’ ju st for me t and my brother. It’ for all the Indians of s the U.S. and Canada," Sockabasin said. Sockabasin had already served a jail sentence and been fined $100, prior to the deportation order. “A lot of people feel there’ harassment from the RCMP s (Royal Canadian Mounted Police) on the reserve .. . the RCMP said I was the only one they knew in the crowd," Sockabasin said, adding that the policeman “said he had to use physical force, but I was only trying to defend myself ... up here at the gas station, I was pulled out of the car (Nov. 23,1979),’ he said. ’ Sockabasin said the RCMP constantly reminds him of when a policeman was hit with a rock a few years ago. Ironically, the officer is Sockabasin’ brother-in-law. s (Continued on next page) A father muses on his sons' predicament TOBIQUE RESERVE, New Brunswick — How do you feel if your two sons are facing deportation to another country? That’ what Wabanaki Alliance asked s Raymond Nicholas, father of Larry and Raymond Sockabasin, who face deporta tion to the U.S., where they were born at Indian Township. Nicholas, father of ten, said bluntly, “I can’ understand it. They want to deport t him on parole, but they won’ give him t bail.” He was referring to Larry, who has the nickname “Muscles,” and who is currently held in jail, (Larry was advised by his lawyer to refuse parole if deporta tion was a condition of it.) Nicholas said he told the court he would offer collateral in woods equipment worth $30,000, but to no avail. “I said if it’ bail s I’ see what I can do. The judge wouldn’ ll t listen to me. It’ a funny feeling. You go s into court and you feel helpless,” Nicholas said. He is a proud father. “The boys never got no help from the government. They worked as boys. The boys used to have ponies and ride them right up the stairs in the house," chuckled Nicholas, who has one of the only owner-built homes on the reserve. Nicholas was not married to Larry and Raymond’ mother, but they were always s part of his family. “I don’ say they’ t re angels or anything like that, but they’ re good kids. They’ got a lot of friends, ve they’ good hockey players," he said. re “Them boys never used no weapons or anything,” Nicholas said, adding that “young people like to fight, you know. I fought all the time when I was in the army." While living in New York, some years ago, Larry was “number one” in judo, and Raymond took third place in competitions. Nicholas said he is one of the only men on the reserve not on government support of some kind. A veteran woodsworker, he operates his own logging operation on Indian lands. Until now, he has never been very concerned with outside issues. “I never followed up on this treaty stuff because I’ never been bothered crossing ve the border,” he said. "It upsets m e when I think o f the injustice. I'd sooner see my son six months in jail than kneel down to anyone.” Nicholas summed up his views by recalling what he told a judge in court: “If a truck turns over with ten cords of wood, I can straighten out the truck and re-load it. But when my son gets railroaded, there’ nothing I can do.” s �Wabanaki Alliance May 1980 Page 7 st Jay Treaty violations (Continued from previous page) A reporter for CBC asked Sockabasin if he had been drinking when stopped by police. Sockabasin hesitated, then said he had quit a couple of months previous. Sockabasin was under careful security of Indian friends, and the interview was guarded. However, RCMP apparently agreed not to enter the reserve in search of Sockabasin. For a week and one half, Maliseets supporting the Sockabasin brothers block aded the road into Tobique Reserve, allowing Indian persons access. Later last month, the blockade was lifted, but a group of Indians continued to camp in a hastily built lean-to beside their home made gate. Nicholas said he favors nonviolence: “We want to be very diplomatic about this." But “we have several warriors among us,” he warned. According to Nicholas, part of the problem of Indian rights and the deporta tion order is Tobique R eserve Chief George Francis, who is reportedly often away in Ottawa. “When he gets a program, he hires all his relatives, and it’ s pure hell for non-supporters,” said Nich olas, who himself worked for awhile with Indian Affairs in Ottawa, and is a tribal councilor. The reserve is reportedly $170,000 in debt, and may not wish to antagonize the Canadian government, sources said. Francis has taken no stand on the deportation, and neither has the tribal council. Nicholas, in frustration, said he has appealed to Lloyd Axworthy, minister of Immigration, “to investigate and cancel the deportation order.” A letter to Graydon Nicholas, chairman of Union of New Brunswick Indians, had produced no results, Wayne Nicholas said, despite a request for immediate interven tion and negotiation with the ministers of Immigration, Citizenship and Indian Af fairs (the assistant to the Indian Affairs minister is himself an Indian). Eva Saulis, -59, aunt to Larry and Raymond Sockabasin, said “we’ going to re keep fighting. When there’ injustice for s any people, men or women, we speak out. “They call us radicals . . . small-minded women. That’ what George (Francis, s band chief) called us. You’ not free to re speak out," Saulis said. She and her niece organized an Indian women’ march on s Ottawa last summer. Bernard Sappier, the only tribal council member to participate in the demonstra tion, commented, “w e’ like to have more d people involved in this, because it’ very s important to us and our children." Sappier worked 19 years at Indian Township (Maine), and is married to the former Edith Sockabasin of that reserva tion. He said the Tobique Reserve of 750 people (35-50 of whom are “non-status” Indians), have serious housing and educa tional problems. People are depressed. Tom Paul, a Micmac writer, comments: “To be a citizen is to be an alien of another country, or to be of European ancestry. We, the native people are a sovereign nation; we should not be classified as citizens, and not as Canadians or Ameri cans. “To be classified as citizens is to be subject to the Queen of England, there fore: as a citizen, a native person is vulnerable to the constitution, and there fore will be subject to deportation and genocide. “The formula to solve this,” Paul writes bitterly, “is to obliterate the word ‘ citizen’ and change it to ‘ superceding sovereign nation’ .” Nicholas and others want the Indian Act in Canada revised, with Jay Treaty rights recognized as they are in the U.S., so that “nothing in the future like this will happen again." The Indian Act was last amended in 1952; it^vas revised in 1972; National Indian Brotherhood, a Canadian organiza tion, has been studying border crossing status since 1973, but has made no major proposals for change. Demonstration leader Wayne Nicholas, center, talks with William McDougall, left, from Indian Island, Wabanaki Alliance editor Steve Cartwright and others, in hastily built shelter at Tobique Reserve. 'WHAT N£ >0| youC n o ant OUR C t ur e: ul I D epor t t he On the picket line, Maliseets walk back and forth over the Maine-Canadian border near Fort Fairfield. COMMERCIAL Tom Paul, Micmac, with wife and son Geronimo. M icm ac recalls b ein g d e p o rte d TOBIQUE RESERVE, New Brunswick — Tom Paul, a Micmac from Eskasoni Reserve in Cape Breton, brought his family to a recent protest rally at the Maine-Canadian border here. He is a veteran Indian activist. “I was deported m yself in 1962 from Massachusetts to Canada. I was in trouble too much with the law,” Paul, 36, remem bered. “I’ ve been to Wounded Knee, South Dakota, and I’ ve traveled to 47 states. W e go everywhere to support native rights.” Paul, who named his son Geronimo after the 19th century Apache Indian chief, observed that “there’ been a lot of change s since 15-20 years ago. Native people are standing up for their rights. “When the Canadian government de ports an Indian person back into the U.S., it violates a treaty, and affects the whole Wabanaki Confederacy. W e have our own laws, our own religion . . . w e’ working re on re-forming the Confederacy. W e’ re getting the constitution back . . . our own laws.” he said. Commenting on the deportation order for Raymond and Larry Sockabasin, (see story this issue) Paul said, “I think these young boys — their criminal records shouldn’ even be mentioned, because t they (Canadian government) are violating their rights." “I went to residential school ten years (1949-1959). and they told us we were savages and dirty. We w ere punished if we spoke our language ... that’ why a lot s of them lost their language. They were ashamed of themselves,” Paul said. RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL Hi Sockbeson & Son BUILDERS PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS CUSTOM BUILT HOMES/RENOVATIONS CONCRETE WORK/MASONRY FINISH & ROUGH CARPENTRY GENERAL CONTRACTING/SUB-CONTRACTING 942-6630 947-4163 One Merchants Plaza - Bangor �Wabanaki Alliance May 1980 Page 9 A source of energy received daily By Dr. Normand Laberge PLEASANT POINT — Just as a thermal electric plant relies on coal or oil for a fuel source, a tidal project similarly depends on the naturally occurring tides for its source of potential energy. However, a tidal project does not have to purchase its fuel (tidal waters), where as a thermal plant’ cost of operation is s substantially comprised of fuel expendi tures. This basic difference between a renewable energy resource and a limitedsupply resource has far-ranging impacts on project economics when analyzed over their respective lifetimes. This topic will be discussed for the Half-Moon Cove tidal project in terms of inflation, with regards to the rapidly rising cost of conventional fuels, and in terms of the resultant effects on the cost of electricity. In order to present a meaningful comparison with a tidal power project, an oil-fired plant has been selected on the basis of having similar production charac teristics. Today, a new oil-fired plant would generate electricity for approxi mately 4.70c per kilowatt-hour (kwh) which is less than the 5.69c/kwh cost for a tidal project. Half the production cost for the oil plant is attributed to the fuel expense with the remaining amount set aside for operation and maintenance (7.9%) and financing charges (42.1%). In comparison, the tidal project requires 6.9% of its production cost for operation and maintenance and 93.1% or 5.30c/kwh for the payment of revenue bond-holders. A tidal project is termed “capital-inten sive,” since its production cost is primarily constituted by actual construction ex penses as indicated by the annual fin ancing charges. If the oil-fired plant produces power at a lower rate, why should a tidal project be constructed at a higher cost? The tidal project would not be constructed if the sole criteria is the production of the cheapest pow er available at the present time. But other considerations also have to be factored into the decision making process in order to best optimize the future energy mix. Some of the major factors that positively favor tidal power plants are briefly described below: — the conservation of limited-supply re sources for priority utilization — the construction of the least environ mentally and socially damaging power plant — the development of renewable energy resources on a regional basis — the availability of long-term economic returns in the event that inflation con tinues at its present, or even moderate level. For these and other reasons, it is felt that a tidal project has its place in the regional energy network as both a hedge against inflation and to provide electrical self-sufficiency. The two hypothetical plants previously mentioned will be used to explain the impacts of inflation on the resultant cost of electricity. It should be remembered that a project’ financing charge will remain s constant throughout the debt period regardless of any changing economic con ditions; however, both the cost of opera tion and maintenance and the fuel cost will be directly affected by the inflation rate. For the case of oil-fired plants, the fuel cost might increase at a rate faster than inflation due to geo-political factors and to the combined effects of increasing demand and decreasing supply. Assuming that inflation will increase at 6% per year for each year after 1980, it can be shown that the production cost from the tidal project would be less that of oil-fired electricity (5.89c/kwh versus 6.07c/kwh) after only seven year of operation. If we continue this exercise for thirty years, the tidal project’ production cost would be less s than one-half the cost of oil-fired elec tricity. The reason for this behavior is due to the initial economic structure of a tidal The instructor was Dick Parker. Sonja Dorn of Indian Township took R oger Sockabasin, Dino LaCoote, William Lola and Allen Dorn Jr. to Calais to take this course. There were 26 children from Calais, Princeton, and Woodland who participated in the course. The expected physical lifetime of a tidal project can be safely estimated at 50 years and optimistically planned for up to 100 years. By comparison, a regularly used oil-fired plant is expected to function from 35 to 40 years. This difference in operating time also serves to enhance the long-term benefits of a tidal project since two oilfired plants would be required to replace one tidal power project. The second oilfired plant would cost much more than the original plant due to the impact of inflation on the construction cost. This comparison is also valid for nuclear and coal pow er plants but to a lesser degree since a tidal project has a lower plant factor; i.e., in operation for a shorter period of time. The assumptions that have been used in this analysis are particularly relevant today in light of: (1) the on-going debate over the desirability of nuclear power; (2) uncertain fossil fuel supplies; (3) the impact of inflation reflected by the fuel adjustment charge on your electrical bill as well as a decrease in the amount of dis posable income; and (4) the recent emphasis on the development of re newable energy resources. The proposed Half-Moon Cove project, due to its size, will not have a significant impact on the electrical mix for the State of Maine, but since the plant would serve a largely rural area, it would supply pow er from a decen tralized and regional source. It should also be noted that ancillary, or indirect bene fits have been excluded from this quanti tative economic analysis. Based solely on the power production potential, the pro The children were taught the rules and regulations for hunting, how to use a compass, the proper handling of a firearm and a mini course on boat safety. The local game wardens also helped in this course. The students w ere taken to the Na tional Guard Armory for target practice and they also had to take a written test. This is a six week, 12 hour course that presently is given once a year. The students received certificates and patches for completing the Maine Hunter Safety and Conservation Program. tii ANYONE CAN BUY YOU DON’ HAVE TO T BE A VETERAN See Your Local Real Estate Broker Or Contact LOVE'S A * 4 0 0 0 INDIAN ISLAND S e v e n tribes sue p ipelin e Seven Indian tribes have filed suit in Federal court in Seattle in an attempt to block construction of the Northern Tier Pipeline. The tribes claim the construction of the pipeline would “pose an imminent threat of serious and irreparable harm." They charged that Federal officials who ap proved the pipeline failed to assess and disclose serious impacts on their com munities. “This failure to assess and dis close is exacerbated by a failure to involve tribal governments in the review and decision making process,” they listed dangers to salmon, steelhead and other treaty fishing resources. The pipeline would run under Puget Sound and cross several streams in the Indians’area. The seven tribes are the Skokomish, Tulalip, Stillaguamish, Upper Skagit, Swinomish and the Port Gamble and Lower Elwha Bands of the Klallam Indians. Tires Owned Homes For Sale | in Washington County | Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY Loving care for your car Tune-ups ject’ economics are competitive with con s ventional sources when averaged over a ten year period. In the same way, it has also been shown that economic prospects for tidal power development increase quite dramatically when taken over a thirty year period. When the Half-Moon Cove tidal project is constructed it would re-establish a mile stone in Washington County’ role as an s energy producer. Several hydroelectric stations previously serviced the area until the mid-l960’ when the last plant was s, decommissioned. Today, the residential users of electricity in Washington County have only two diesel plants producing pow er in the region. EDITOR’ NOTE: Dr. Laberge is co S ordinating a planned tidal power demon stration project on Half-Moon Cove, at the Passamaquoddy reservation. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Five take gun safety course INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Five Passamaquoddies completed the Gun Safety Course at the WCVTI (Washington County Vocational Technical Institute) in Calais. project’ capital investment which is s 93.1% inflation proof as opposed to a 42.1% rate for the oil-fired plant. There fore, even with a moderate inflation rate with respect to today’ standards, a tidal s project will provide cheaper electricity in the near term and also serve to level the cost of the electrical mix. Rt. 1, Houlton Road, Woodland 3 bedroom, garage — $28,000.00 — $500.00 D.P. Main Street, Princeton 4 bedroom, garage, $29,500.00 — $500.00 D.P. No. Lubec Road, Lubec 3 bedroom, garage — $31,500.00 — $500.00 D.P. 9 Academy Street, Calais 4 bedroom, ready to move into — $29,000.00 — $500.00 D.P. All VA financed 13'/2 % interest rate VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 �Page 10 VVabanaki Alliance May 1980 Track team holds first race by Kathy Tomah Area Reporter INDIAN TOWNSHIP — The Rev. Joseph Laughlin helped George Sabattus initiate a cross-country track race re cently. Sabattus, 20, is trying to organize a track team. The race took place at Peter Dana Point so the community would see the runners in hopes that they would encourage them and also support this sport. There were sixteen contestants: Lewey Dana, Danny Lola, Dale Dana, J.D. Newell, Wade Lola, Billy Nocholas, John Mitchell, Clay Levesque, Richard Stevens, John Socobasin, Carl Sabattus, Joseph Socobasin, Dickie Sabattus, Greg ory Mitchell, R oger Sockabasin, Carl Nicholas. Richard Stevens was the first runner to complete the race and won first place in the seventeen year old and up group. Lewey Dana came in first in the 15-16 age group; Clay Levesque in the 13-14 year old age group and Billy Nicholas in the 10-12 age group. St. Ann’ Church is sponsoring the s track team and Father Joe hopes that the community will help out. Richard Stevens of Indian Township wins a race held in conjunction with organizing of a new track team at the Passamaquoddy reservation. Stevens won the age 17 and up category. [Kathy Tomah Photo] Governors show interest in paper RUNNERS ALL - Front row, left to right, Billy Nicholas [10-12], Clay Levesque [13-14], Lewey Dana [15-16], Richard Stevens [17 and up]. Back row, Danny Lola, Dale Dana, Joseph Socobasin, Roger Sockabasin, Dickie Sabattus, Wade Lola and Gregory Lola. [Kathy Tomah Photo] Township Notes by Kathy Tomah This program is being administered and Area Reporter sponsored by the Indian Township Health INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Sonja Dorn, a Service Program. R egistered Nurse from Indian Township, The Community Health Service of Indian took a one week orientation course in Bar Township now issues a monthly newsletter. Harbor on Diabetes from May 12 to May 16. Anyone interested in receiving the newsThe Indian Township Health Service will be letter should contact: N EW SLETTER running a special diabetic screening pro Community Health Service gram in the near future. Box 301 Congratulations to Doris Chapman and Princeton, Maine 04668 Mathew Dana for completing an 80 hour E.M.T. course and also passing their state exam. They are now fully qualified as SPECIAL O N WOODSTOVES! Emergency Medical Technicians. The new physician’ assistant has been s KING W OODSTOVES hired for the Indian Township Clinic. Complete with automatic heaters William Mathews, who is from Florida, will Reg. $448.95 — Now $399.95 be working with the on-sight contract medical physician and our RN, Sonja Dorn. Laura Nicholas has been hired as the WIC Director. This is a nutrition program for infants, children and pregnant mothers. The WIC program at Indian Township has just undergone a management evaluation from the WIC regional office in Massa chusetts, and preliminary indications are that the program is in excellent shape. The C.F.N.P. (Community Food & Nutrilion Program), is off to a successful spring gardening program. One of the program goals is to encourage residents of Indian Township to start home gardening. Many people have taken advant age of the various garden equipment which is loaned to them by the C.F.N.P. program along with the allocation of various seeds to give everyone as much encouragement in home growing of vegetables as possible. Later in the gardening cycle, canning and food preservation workshops will be offered by the C.F.N.P. along with heavy emphasis on community nutrition education. ORONO — A resolution to assist in was discussed, as was a Community seeking funds for Wabanaki Alliance Services Administration program called newspaper was unanimously approved by ECAP, and $2,000 that must be raised for Tribal Governors Inc. (TGI), at a meeting insurance on Maine Indian Transportation Association (MITA) buses. here this month. The newspaper’ search for funds to s Attending the m eeting w ere TGI direc continue publication beyond expiration of a grant this fall was explained to TGI tor Allen J. Sockabasin, Pleasant Point Lt. Gov. Cliv Dore, Central Maine Indian mem bers by editor Steve Cartwright. He said an annual budget of $40,000 is pro Association (CMIA) President Tom Vicaire, Indian Township Gov. Harold J. jected. In other business, TGI accepted the Lewey, Association of Aroostook Indians resignation of bookkeeper Ann (Irene) (AAI) President Clair (Al) Sabattis, AAI Pardilla, a Penobscot from Indian Island. Director Terry Polchies, and Indian Contractual use of $285,315 from the Township Housing Authority Chairman state Department of Indian Affairs budget R oger Gabriel. CMIA to conduct off-reservation survey If you have any questions about the needs assessment or how the information from it will be used, please call the C.M.I.A. office 866-5587 or 7751872. The following people will be working on the needs assessment so if they com e to your door you will know who they are: Irene Augustine, Marta Conlin, Carol Farrenkopf, Angie Mitchell, Freeman Morey, Betty Robinson, Sally Sturtevant, Tom Thurlow. All information will be kept completely CMIA needs the cooperation of every confidential — names will be removed person and every family in the area. from the forms. ORONO — Beginning in May, Central Maine Indian Association will b e conduct ing a Needs Assessm ent for any and all off-reservation Indians in the southern 15 counties. The outreach workers will attempt to reach every off-reservation Indian (person) in the fifteen Counties — the reason: to find out what people need or would like in the way of services, what problems people are having and what they have to share with other Indian people. HARDWARE & GUN SHOP TOM VICAIRE, Proprietor The only Indian-owned hardware business in the State of Maine ‘ ‘We’ eager to do business with people re in the Indian community,” says Tom. The store carries a full line o f tools, electrical and plumbing supplies, paint and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine new and used guns. See Our Garden Supplies and Tools For all your hardware and hunting needs, visit — MATT AW AMKE AG HARDWARE & GUN SHOP and sample some good Indian hospitality and-service. Penobscot Valley Champs The Old Town Indian Mites strike a pose with coaches Pat Soucy (left] and Joe Clavette. Players are [front row left to right] Todd Clavette, Jason Richards, Shawn Sapiel, Miles Francis, Mike Thibodeau, Joey Stetson and Todd Brown, [hack row] Nat Lord, Gene Fadrigon, Chris Francis, Shannon Sapiel, Greta N eptune, Nick Sapiel, and Jeff Street. Not pictured are Pan! Dow, Jason Pardilla and Kevin Chessa. �Wabanaki Alliance May 1980 A AITA director quits post 0R0N 0 — Saying she “had no choice,” Lorraine Nelson of Indian Island has resigned as director of MITA, Maine Indian Transportation Association. There was no money to run buses, and no money to pay her salary, she said. Nelson had taken over MITA last year from a former director, who was fired for alleged mismanagement. As of press time, buses were apparently still running. MITA was set up in 1976 to serve Aroostook County, Indian Township and Pleasant Point reservations, Indian Island reservation, and: Central Maine Indian Association of Orono. MITA has remained in financial diffi culties since early this year, and a Federal Highway Administration official said it is up to Tribal Governors Inc., the agency in charge of MITA, to sort things out. Ray Pomeroy, the federal official, said he is willing to m eet and work with Tribal Governors (TGI), but that several at tempts to set up m eetings failed. He said several letters to TGI Chairman Robert Newell, Pleasant Point governor, have gone unanswered. Commenting on Nelson’ resignation, s Pomeroy said “I don’ blame her for t quitting.” TGI has not com pleted its work, Pomeroy said, and no additional funds will be forthcoming until two transportation grant studies have been completed. Pomeroy said it is within TGI’ power to s complete the paperwork. In fact, he said Nelson sent him a well-written pre liminary draft. Pomeroy said MITA accounts have not yet been clo sed . Apparently, at least one area, Indian Island, is considering operating their own buses without the MITA umbrella. “It’ up s to them to make a decision. It’ their s service, and their buses, and their trans portation,” Pomeroy said. Benete case moves to federal court BANGOR — T h« Ciise .»f a man who claims to be Micmac, wanted as a fugitive from justice in California, has been trans ferred to Federal District Court here, at request of counsel. Michaelangelo Giovanni Benete, alias Michael Bennett, fled California where he has been convicted of murder. He stayed for awhile at Indian Island, where he claimed he had the governor’ permission s to camp out, and where he also claimed he was to be employed by a Penobscot man. Lawyer Julio DeSanctis of Bangor argued in a hearing at Maine Superior Court that Bennett is not subject to state jurisdiction since he was apprehended on Indian Island, “Indian territory" that is subject to Indian and federal authority. DeSanctis referred to the landmark Sockabasin-Dana case last summer, in which tw o Passamaquoddy Indians convicted of arson w ere found to com e under federal, Penobscot nurse ends 45-year career INDIAN ISLAND - After nearly half a century in the nursing profession, Ruth Norma Attean Davis, tribal nurse, is retiring. Her otherwise unblemished career is clouded at the end by being placed on probation, along with other health center employees, by Gov. Wilfred Pehrson, who alleges insubordination. Many believe the Governor was out of line in putting the tribal nurse on notice. Ruth Davis did not single out Pehrson’ action as a reason for s her resignation. She retires May 16, as the nurse who has treated scores of Indian Island resi dents. She joined the fledgling Penobscot Department of Health and Social Services in October 1976, and has had a major hand in the planning of the current modern clinic and its varied programs. With her characteristic good humor, Davis said she “retired to come home, but then I got involved.” She returned to the Penobscot reservation in 1975, after living in southern Maine and Massachusetts. She worked briefly for Wabanaki Corporation alcoholism agency. “I’ very pleased about the improve m ments and that they have the health center. It’ something they’ needed for s ve a long time. When I first graduated (at Mercy Hospital in Portland) I wanted to come back and do it all,” Davis said. She came home for one year, but times were hard at Indian Island, and she left for work off-reservation. “I’ 66 and I think it’ about time to m s slow down,” said Davis, who has been married 43 years to retired machinist and toolmaker Forrest Davis. But, she said, eyes twinkling, “there’ a lot of people s around here that still know my telephone number.” WABANAKI CORPORATION ALCOHOLISM COUNSELORS AND THEIR LOCATIONS: Old Town 866-5577 Rosalie Clark Clarence Francis 866-55,77 Pleasant Point Grace Roderick 853-2537 Ralph Dana 853-2537 Northern Maine Alfred Dana 866-5577 Caribou Area 532-7317 Pious Perley 532-7317 Harriet Perley Portland Area George Paul 499-7589 Indian T ownship Bernard Stevens 796-2301 James Mitchell 796-230’ Gazing through the window of the examining room where she has gently reassured frightened children, Davis re m embered that her family owned a farm on the present site of the tribal com munity building. She and her brothers sold the land to the tribe, long after the house burned, and prize oxen w ere lost in the fire. Her father was Mitchell (Old Mitch) Attean; her mother, the former Mary Louise Ranco, was raised on Olamon Island and made baskets. Her grand mother was Domekin Polis. Resignation letter from Ruth Davis I hereby submit my resignation as Tribal Nurse and Medical Administra tor to be effective. May 16,1980. I do not feel that I warrant probation without a justifiable reason, which I have not received. I refuse to accept this action by my submitting of this resignation. I sincerely appreciate the honor of serving m y people with my knowledge and expertise but the unfair politics associated with this position leaves me with little respect for my “so called” judges. I feel I have fulfilled the responsi bilities of m y position to the best of my knowledge and capabilities, and I ac knowledge the fact that I may have made mistakes, a trait peculiar to humans ... my sincere apologies. F or forty-five years I worked among the white culture with responsible positions, and I never was submitted to the degrading actions that I am receiving from my own people, those known as our governing body. It is plain to understand why our educated young people prefer to take their expertise to other fields. My only regret is that I m ust end, in my retirement, a career, of which I am very proud, by your expecting my sub mission to your conditions. k INDIAN CRAFT V s u p p l ie s 148 Page rHtfc Catalog cdee g ig S " 3 r . _, For free catalog, »nte Dept The world's largest Indian Crafts Catalog. More than 4,000 Items to choose tram I Trade Beads, Tin Cones, Brass Beads, Moire Tafleta Ribbon, Ermine Skins, Bone Elk Teeth, Shawl Fringe and Yam < <JREY OWL f Indian Craft Manufacturing Co. ^ 150-02 Beaver Rd,Jamaica, N.Y. 212 5 2 6 - 3 6 6 0 ^ Page 1 1 Ruth Davis, R.N. Ruth Davis was the 11th of 12 children* of whom five survive. A brother, Joseph S. Attean of Piscataway, N.J., will cele brate his 84th birthday June 15. A son, John, serves on Indian Island’ police s force, and a daughter, Ruth Johnson, lives in Uniontown, Alabama. There are seven grandchildren. Davis’ father was a “river man,” working the annual spring log drives. “My folks spoke Indian all the time. I can understand it, but I can’ speak it,” Davis t said. She remembers walking up the hill to high school in Old Town, after crossing the river — by boat in warm weather, on the sawdust-ice bridge in winter. Davis said she has always been able to deal with nonIndians: “I don’ carry that chip on my t shoulder." “Our mother always said, who cares if they call you an Indian. You ARE an Indian." not state jurisdiction, because the crime was committed on a reservation. No date has been set for the Bennett case in federal court. Bangor's federal judge, George Mitchell, was recently ap pointed U.S. Senator, replacing Sen. Edmund S. Muskie who has been named U.S. Secretary of State. SPECIAL WINTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR SEASONAL WORKERS A T TE N T IO N You or someone you know may be eligible for a new winter assistance program for seasonal and migrant workers. This program is basically for in dividuals and families who have not received the regular fuel assistance that the state of Maine has offered this winter. YOU MAY BE ELIGIBLE IF: 1. You or someone in your family has worked at least 25 days in the last two years in seasonal agriculture, woods work, fishing, clamming, fish packing, fir tipping, or other seasonal farm, fish or forest occupations. This includes clamdigging, berry raking, potato pick ing, haying, working as a woodcutter on someone else’ land or cutting wood s on your own land, work in food pro cessing plants that is not year round, etc. If you are not sure whether your work qualifies you, get in touch and ask. WHAT KINDS OF ASSISTANCE ARE AVAILABLE? Under this program you may receive assistance which will enable you to pay for the following kinds of items and services: 1. FUEL (any kind, including wood, oil, kerosene, coal) 2. UTILITY BILLS which are due or overdue 3. LP GAS 4. WARM CLOTHING AND BLANKETS 5. STOVES AND REPAIRS TO FURNACES AND HEATING SYSTEMS 6. FOOD 7. M EDICAL CARE 8. Some RENT ASSISTANCE in in special circumstances If you think you or someone you know may be eligible for the kinds o? assistance outlined here, please send a postcard to: ECAP Outreach Worker, Route 1 Box 74-1, Steuben, Maine . 04680. Give your name, address and phone (if you have one). Or call: 5467293 or loll free in Maine at 1-800-4321766 for more information. IMPORTANT! YOU MUST APPLY BEFORE JUNE 30. 1980. Cheryls Place Now open for business. Selling novelties, toys, games, clothes, jewelry, small appliances, etc. There is a 10% discount for Native Americans, either bring this ad or your hunting and fishing license for verification. W e will donate $1.00 to Wabanaki Alliance for every person that brings this ad and spends $5.00 or more. O PEN FOR BUSINESS! Cheryl Hodgkin and Tom Thurlow 820 G ray Road (Route 202) South W indham , M aine 04082 �Page 12 Wabanaki Alliance May 1980 Flashback photo news notes Township garden planning underway INDIAN TOW NSHIP - Last year, a community garden was tried here for the first time. This year, it will be different, with individual gardens developed beside homes. Tools and advice are available from the tribal offices, according to community health worker Martha A. Barstis. A recent inventory turned up one roto-tiller, six spades, eight hoes, two vinyl garden hoses, one fertilizer spreader, five bags fertilizer. CMIA slates board meeting Central Maine Indian Association's board of directors’m eeting will be held at the Portland Public Safety Building (Police Department) in the auditorium on the second floor on June 14, at 2 p.m. There is one opening to fill on the board of directors. Please come and express your concerns and views to the Board. CMIA would like to know what you think it should be doing. Canoe crew sets record PLEASANT POINT — Nobody had heard -of paddling from Pocomoonshine Lake down the East Machias River, in Washington County, to Jacksonville, in less than tw o days. “They shouldn’ have shown up till next t morning,” one tribal m em ber said. Paddlers on the overnight trip w ere Dale Mitchell, Chris Altvater, Edward Bassett Jr., Louis Paul, Dana Altvater, Donald Soctomah, and Dale Longfellow. As if that weren’ enough, Dale Mitchell t said that the Rev. Joseph Laughlin, S.J., of Indian Township, is mulling over a possible 500 mile canoe trip retracing old Indian routes. Interested persons may contact Mitchell or Father Joe. CUDDLY KIDS — In this circa 1900 photo, Maliseet youngsters are, left to right, Frank Deveau, Florence Deveau, and John Deveau posing at a photo studio in Houlton. All w ere the children of James Deveau and Minnie Paul. Frank married first, Eva Paul, and second, Waneta Tomah. Florence married Thomas Paul on March 1, 1927 and later married Louis Francis Sappier on January 17,1946. With an uncertain orthography, the nicknames of these three can be given: Frank=K-chi-dos, Florence=Bok-cheen, John=Wooch-keen. [Original in the possession of Waneta Deveau, Bangor, Maine] Island man given work detail by tribal court INDIAN ISLAND — The Penobscot tribal court found Sebastian C. Francis, Jr., Indian Island, guilty of criminal mis chief, March 14, and sentenced him to a three-day work detail. Francis was also ordered to pay $85 restitution for damag ing a radio antenna on a tribal police cruiser. A charge of obstructing govern ment administration will be dropped if the other conditions are met. In other recent court action, James Neptune of Bangor, charged with litter ing, Feb. 9, failed to appear, and a warrant for his arrest was issued. The warrant applies only to Indian Island. John Banks, charged with speeding, March 24,30 mph in a 20 mph zone, signed a waiver and was fined $10. Laura Massey received the same fine, for the same offense, same date. Bevan Baumann was fined $15 for passing a stop sign, April 18. Kirk Fields, charged with illegal posses sion of alcohol, has requested a trial May 14, for the offense alleged April 13. Jerry Pardilla of Indian Island will serve as public defender. In Penobscot Nation vs. Susie Neptune, in which parking so as to obstruct was alleged Jan. 27, Neptune was found innocent. James Sappier was found in nocent of the same offense, alleged Jan. 20. In a “test case,” Alice Francis was found innocent of operating under the influence of liquor, for lack of jurisdiction, according to tribal Judge Andrew Mead. The offense was alleged Aug. 25, 1979, prior to estab lishment of tribal jurisdiction on Indian Island. Also found innocent, for offenses alleged Aug. 25,1979, w ere Eloise Francis and Janet Altvater, both charged with one count each of assault and criminal mis chief. Philip Guimond, charged with speeding in a school zone and operating after suspension, has appealed a $150 fine to the tribal law court. The speeding charge refers to a Jan. 22 incident, the suspension charge, Feb. 16. Guimond was found inno cent of another operating after suspension charge, alleged Jan. 22. Carl Mitchell has appealed a $25 fine for passing a stop sign, Feb. 17. The tribal court has distributed 70 questionnaires for a jury drawing, June 11. A random 25 names will be selected. Any off reservation tribal members interested in serving as jurors should contact court clerk Dorothy Foster. DON'T MISS OUT SUBSCRIBE NOW JOB OPENING Executive Director Abnaki Girl Scout Council seeks an Executive Director with Bachelor’ s D egree plus experience in the areas of administration, corporate planning, staff supervision, finance management and development. If you are interested in applying, contact Mrs. David Swett, President, Rt. 2, Box 25, Orrington, Maine 04474. No telephone calls will be accepted. An equal opportunity employer. SKITIKUK OUTFITTERS Specialists in Wilderness Travel SALES - RENTALS - GU IDE SERVICE Featuring IGAS Island Packs and Travelling Gear COME BY AND SEE US 38 Main St. Orono 866-4878 Track team winners BANGOR — Three members of the Andrew Sockalexis Track Team from Indian Island took trophies in a 10 kilometer race this month. Penobscot youngsters Jamie Knapp, Chris Ranco and Greta Neptune placed in the race. Knapp was first in the age 12 and under category, with a time of 48:48. Ranco, son of team coach Mike Ranco, came in third after Knapp, with a 51:29 time. Neptune, alone in girls’ 12 and under, won first place in 60:32. Jeannette LaPlante, a Penobscot from Old Town, won first place in the over-40 bracket, with a time of 49:31. She is a board member of this newspaper. Editor Steve Cartwright didn’ win anything in t the 20-29 category. His time was 41:58. Two PassamaquodcJies to graduate at Calais INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Two Passamaquoddy students enrolled in Calais High School will be graduating in June. They are, Richard Stevens, son of Mr. and Mrs. George Stevens Jr., and Carl Nicholas Jr., son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Nicholas Sr. Richard Stevens has already made plans to enter the Navy as soon as he graduates. He has enlisted for six years. Carl Nicholas Jr. is planning to enroll in the Police Academy in Utah. G roup aids tribal b osses WASHINGTON — Commissioner of Indian Affairs William Hallett said that Indian self-determination will be boosted by President Carter’ Management Im s provement Council, which has agreed to sponsor the Tribal Manager Corps (TMC). The TMC project is designed to make professional manager / administrators from government agencies and private industry available to work with tribes . RUBBERMAID PARTIES If you are interested in having a Rubbermaid party or perhaps becom ing a Rubbermaid dealer in your area and want to make some extra money, get in touch with: DEBBIE MITCHELL 14 OAK HILL STREET INDIAN ISLAND OLD TOWN, MAINE 04468 ' Or call during the day at 827-5513. JOB OPENING Junior High School Assistant Principal Specific Qualifications and Performance Responsibilities: Masters Degree At least 3 years successful elementary or secondary teaching experience A ssists principal in the overall administration of the school (See attached Job Description) ^Im inistrator or Supervisor's Certi fication Required. Salary range according to degree and experience. Deadline for Applications: May 23, 1980. Send application and copies of certi fication, transcript, and references to: Director of Instruction/Personnel Bangor School Department 1375 Union Street Bangor, Maine 04401 Telephone: 947-7386 An Equal Opportunity Employer � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (May 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-05 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-445 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/cfc641aa6ca42db40a74198cf2e8bf70.pdf 978f1a4b0d588d5388b8d51cc3b8f97b PDF Text Text ALBUQUERQUE, NM 37110 Wabanaki A llia n ce Pabtished b j Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. June 1980 Wabanaki Alliance. 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473. 40* Pleasant Point clinic slates grand opening PLEASANT POINT — A brand new tribally-administered health center is slated for a grand opening here June 18, and everyone is invited to attend the open house, 1-4:30 p.m. Madonna M. Soctomah, a Passamaquoddy who has been health center director since April 28, said she would rather not be interviewed until she knew AAI, M ission sp o n so r co m p HOULTON — The Association of Aroos­ took Indians (AAI) and the Quebec-Labrador Foundation of Ipswich, Massachu­ setts are again jointly sponsoring a Maine SLUGGER — Jerry Pardilla, of Indian Island, takes a swing during softball game Indian Summer Camp for the 1980 season. between Penobscot tribal officials and visiting Indian persons attending recent United The camp location is at Mud Lake in Sooth and East Tribes [USET] m eeting in Bangor. At Left, Miles Francis of Indian Sinclair, with the camp sessions being Island plays catcher, and Penobscot Gov. Wilfred Pehrson “ calls ’ as he sees 'em.” scheduled for June 29 to July 12 for 8 to 11 em The well-attended game delighted young and old, and included home runs, mud slides year olds and the second session be­ ginning July 20th to Aug. 9, for 12 to 15 aad much humor. year olds. Aug. 9 is being set aside as Family Day. Traditional camp activities will be featured with an emphasis on Indian activities such as beading, craftworks at the Penobscot reservation. All work, and Indian dancing. INDIAN ISLAND — A four mile road Application forms are being distributed are invited. race for all ages highlights a special Indian The race begins at noon, July 5, and to eligible Indian children and extra forms day here, sponsored jointly by Andrew categories range from age 10 and under, are available at the office. For m ore infor­ Sockalexis Track Club, the Recreation to 50 and over. There will be special mation, call Harris Brewer of the Associa­ Department, and Bingo Committee. awards for overall winner, and first tion of Aroostook Indians at 532-7317 or Also scheduled is a bean supper, to be call him at his home at 532-7914. followed by “ best display yet” fire­ Penobscot over the finish line. the of m ore about her job. The clinic has already started providing certain basic services, and is staffed by experienced personnel. Staffers include medical social worker Doris Chapman, and nurse Hazel Dana. Shelley Francis is contract medical clerk, and Mike Farrell is dental lab technician. Dental services are provided by a Public Health dentist from Eastport. Bonnie Trott works as dental hygeinist two days per week. The clinic is housed in a modern, one story building with round-arch doorway, and has a full complement of supply rooms, offices, examining rooms and lobby. The health center will be administered locally, through funds provided by Indian Health Service (IHS). Construction began last October — with a number of tribal m em bers em ployed on the job — and total building costs w ere estimated at $225,000. Penobscots plan foot race, fireworks Woman convicted of driving over man BANGOR — A 25-year-old Hampden woman, Sandra E. Williams, has been convicted of deliberately running her car over Douglas Francis, 38, of Indian Island, in recent Superior Court action here. The incident occurred Dec. 9, 1979, in Old Town. Testimony showed that when Williams’ car stalled, after running over Francis, she backed the vehicle up, over his body a second time. Francis was seriously injured in the incident, and reportedly lost a leg through amputation. Francis was run over on North Bruns­ wick Street, in the driveway of Old Town Canoe Company. He and Williams had apparently had a dispute earlier that evening, at an Old Town bar. Williams faced a maximum 10 year sentence for aggravated assault. She was sentenced to five years at Maine Cor­ rectional Center, South Windham, with three of those years suspended. Tribe blocks tracks PLEASANT POINT — Several tribal members erected a sign recently on rail­ road tracks that cross the reservation. The sign reads, “ Passamaquoddy Land, No Trespassing.” Some tribal m em bers oppose rail salvage operations on the Maine Central Railroad Co. spur to Eastport, claiming the right-of-way be­ longs to the Passamaquoddy Tribe. The spur was officially abandoned 18 months ago. WATCHING — A young Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy girl observes dental lab technician Mike Farrell at work in new tribal clinic. An Indian woman's ordeal with suicide by Diane Edwards The butcher knife was hard, cold steel. It was uninviting, unfriendly. The blade was razor sharp, like the cutting tongue of a nagging wife. The knife felt heavy, almost as heavy as my heart. I turned it over and over in my mind. A ray of light leaped through my kitchen window and was caught on the blade. It shone on my eyes. I knew it would be the last time I would ever see a piece of the sun. I held the knife above my wrist. It seemed to be suspended there, waiting, just waiting. I though I saw my hand shake a little, but I knew that could not be. The fifty sleeping pills I took would keep my hands from trembling. Already I felt tired. I thought the pills would give me m ore time, but they wouldn’ wait. They were hungry to do t their job. I had to hurry. I was afraid the pills alone would not be enough. I had to be sure I would not fail. Now was the time. Now I was ready. I watched. It was almost fascinating. I felt the cold blade touch my skin. I watched as the knife slid across the veins in my wrist. I saw them burst open. They cried out at the undeserved pain, spilling their tears of blood. I had violated my own flesh. I had forced my veins in my wrist to cease the job they w ere meant to do. They w ere bewildered; frustrated, they w ere angry. They screamed in silence; they asked me why. I did not answer. I only watched. They w ere losing the blood so precious to them. I was losing the life once precious to me. As soon as I cut the other wrist, there was nothing else to do. My legs w ere very weak and my eyes were very sleepy. My house was quiet. It seemed to fit my mood. I slowly put one foot in front of the other and found myself in my bedroom. I lay down on my bed on the side where my husband slept at night. He was at work now but I felt this way I could be close to him for one last time. Rem em bers the taunts My veins had asked me once and now I asked myself, “ why?”It would have been so easy to answer if there had been only one major upset in my life, but there were none. I guess it was all the different things that happened to me throughout my entire life. The things that sat in the back of my mind gnawing away, eating up my soul. I thought about my childhood. The time most people call their happy, carefree days. I remember only the teasing, the hateful snubs from my playmates, because I was a half-breed, Indian girl — a squaw, a redskin, a half burnt whitey. The names are still so sharp in my head; even now they make me wince. It’ hard to forget s the pain. I remember my white grandfather when I was nine years old. H e would com e to my mother’ house, (his daughter), and take s me shopping for clothes and shoes and toys — all the things she couldn’buy for t me. I had eight brothers and two sisters. I could see the relief in Mom’ face when I s would come home with pretty new clothes. My m other would tell me to be good for Grampa. She said I was a lucky little girl. (Continued on page 7) �Page 2 YVabanaki Alliance June 1980 editorials Lest w e forget Readers sometimes accuse this newspaper o f being “ nega­ tive.”Perhaps some stories do seem that way. We do not try to be negative, or look for the “ bad”news. We try to tell the whole story as best we can, and that story has its good and bad points. Our overall outlook is optimistic. We want to reflect what is best in the Indian community; not just the problems. We must not forget, or overlook, the tremendous progress and potential of the four tribes in Maine. O f the four, Penobscots and Passamaquoddies have made the most stunning material progress, in terms o f housing, schooling, health and tribal administration. All the m ore reason, as we have stated here before, to draw attention to M icmac and Maliseet people. All Indians are deserving o f the fairest shake possible. Many Indians are still getting a bad deal, but as older folks will tell you, it’nothing like the old days. s Times were lean before BIA recognition o f Maine Indians, and support from ANA (Administration for Native Americans) and the Federal Regional Council. But a not-so-funny thing has happened with all the developments: Indian culture is fading. Perhaps some traditions and old ways would fade anyway. But material progress on the reservations has hastened the cultural erosion. Why is it that people say in 30 years nobody will weave beautiful Indian baskets? People eagerly embrace a new house on the reservation, but what do they leave behind? D o they give up just an old frame house that used to be flooded by the river in the spring? Or do they give up a way o f life? What should be saved? These questions are asked by critics o f the current Indian land claims settlement, who call it a “ money settlement”that sells out tribal sovereignty. W e’ not so sure re the critics are correct. In any case, the settlement does provide a certain autonomy, and considerable acreage.. But these questions, like the loss o f basket-making or the impending disappearance o f spoken Passamaquoddy language, should be pondered. These are critical times for Indian people. We believe the controversial questions o f what is progress, and what should be preserved, need to be discussed openly. W h ose right of w a y ? T here’ some friction at Pleasant Point along the old Maine s Central Railroad right-of-way across the reservation. Although the tracks from Pembroke to Eastport were officially abandoned 18 months ago, the Railroad apparently still owns the right-of-way. Why M CR should still “ own”it is beyond our ken. The land along the shore o f the reservation was reportedly taken from the tribe in 1898. The Bangor Daily News asserts that it was bought from the tribe. This is highly unlikely. In those days, the Indians had virtually no political clout, and were at the mercy o f land-grabs. Much later, a highway (Route 190) was laid right smack down the middle o f Pleasant Point reservation. The Indians weren't paid then either. Now a salvage company is pulling up the rails, starting from Eastport, and at press time, was about half way to Pleasant Point. So a few Passamaquoddies placed a sign on the tracks that says “ Passamaquoddy Land, No Trespassing.” We agree. Before any track is pulled, the tribe should be consulted by Maine Central Railroad and state Department o f Transportation officials. Wabanaki Alliance Vol. 4, No. 6 June 1980 Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St-, Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Orono Times. Printed by Ellsworth American. Member — Maine Press Association -J j y j Kathy Tomah The following dialogue was sent to Wabanaki Alliance by Florence Mitchell Archambeau Herskind o f Fort Lauderdale, Florida: Indian Representative: “ have come before you, gentlemen, to I plead on behalf o f my tribe to manage its own lands.” Senator: “ object! On the grounds that the average Indian hasn’ I t the intelligence to manage property.” Indian: “ Why, Senator, do you think I haven’been an intelligent t representative?” Senator: “ said the ‘ I average’ Indian. You surely can ’be average, t your tribe undoubtedly would send the smartest man they had to plead their case.” Indian: “ That isn ’so, Senator. We Indians are just like the other t people in the U.S. We never send our smartest men to Congress.” /I Steven Cartwright, Editor William O ’ Neal, Associate Editor Ip \v Reporters Indian Island Houlton Pleasant Point Indian Township DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree |chairman] Carroll Stevens, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor Timothy Love, Representative to State legislature Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Jeannette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Clair Sabattis, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Phone 827-4543 Phone 532-7317 Phone 853-4654 Phone 796-2301 Indian Island Orrington Indian Township Indian Island Indian Township Old Town Houlton Houlton DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri­ butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; $6 Canada and overseas; S10 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.] �YVabanaki Alliance June 1980 Page 3 letters Art open letter Netherlands reader To the off-reservation Indian people who attended the meeting at the Portland Police Department regarding the land claims: The meeting was April 2,1980; on April 3, 1980 I sent copies of the petition you signed to the tribal governors by certified mail and within a week had the receipts back from them, so they did receive the petitions! It is now two months later and as yet we have no word from them. One month ago I called Pleasant Point Lt. Governor Clive Dore, he was supposed to see the Tribal Governor the following day and then call me back, he hasn’as yet. t If you thing that C.M.I.A. should be in­ volved in obtaining equal rights for offreservation Indians, then attend the board meeting in Portland on June 14, 1980 at 2:00 p.m. in the Public Safety Building auditorium, and express your concern to the C.M.I.A. Board of Directors. If you are interested in attending the next election at your respective reserva­ tion and voting for someone that will help off-reservation Indians please let me know in writing and I will see that you are notified of when it will be. W rite to me at: Tom Thurlow 49 N. W ater St. Old Town, Me. 04468 Nijmegen, The Netherlands To the editor: I would like to become a subscriber to Wabanaki Alliance. I do not know what costs are involved. Enclosed you will find a $10 note. If additional payment is required, please let me know. Also, I would like to receive the available back issues, and what the cost will be. Is a check required, or is it possible to send cash? Dr. Franz L. W ojciechowski Psychologisch Laboratorium Kacholieke Universiteit Island gymnasts are state champs INDIAN ISLAND — Christa King and Sherri Mitchell, Penobscot youngsters, have won an extraordinary number of titles in recent statewide gymnastics competitions. Christa, in a May 4 U.S. Gymnastics Federation meet, was first on the beam, fourth on floor, fifth all-around. Sherri was first in vaulting, and sixth overall, in that meet, according to coach-instructor Vicki Daigle of Bangor. In a May 8 Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) meet, Christa took fourth place vaulting, third place on balance beam, fourth on floor exercises, and fifth allaround. Sherri was third in the vault, first on uneven parallel bars, and fouth overall. The girls will com pete June 28, against Nova Scotia gymnasts, in Bangor. Angry Penobscot To the editor: If anyone gets fired from his tribal job that person can go to a grievance commit­ tee. This is made up of three council members, and they are supposed to make decision if the firing was right or wrong. In December, there was a case like this. The governor went to the m eeting and pushed what he wanted. He didn’even let t council mem bers make a small decision. So why have a council? Can anyone answer me that? An Angry Penobscot P.S. I don’ dare to use my real name t because I might lose my job. Commiseration To the editor: Received your letter that said you must now start charging for your paper. In­ flation is hurting us all as we are having the same problems, meaning lack of funds. We would like to continue receiving your publication on an “ exchange o f publi­ cation”basis. It is understood that your letter may have been sent to every one on your mailing list and possibly was not in­ tended for us. We hope your paper can continue as it is a very good and informative publication. Hope this finds all of you enjoying good health and that many good things com e to you and your publication/organization in the future. Robert Melson Talking Leaf newspaper The graduates Barbara Pehrson, left, and Josie Neptune, are recent graduates of a seven week Bangor Adult Education program, conducted at Bangor High School. Pehrson is a homemaker, and Neptune a nurse’ assistant, with Penobscot Department of Health and Social s Services at Indian Island. Indian woman gets law degree PORTLAND — Debra Elaine Stokes, Penobscot tribal member, was awarded her Juris Doctor degree from University of Maine School of Law, at a May 25 com­ mencement. A 1977 graduate of^College of Charles­ ton in South Carolina, Stokes is the first Maine Indian woman to receive a law degree. She is the daughter of Olin D. and Elizabeth Nicolar Stokes. Her m other is a native of Indian Island; her aunt, Emma Francis, is an Indian Island resident. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Owned Homes For Sale in Washington County Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY ANYONE CAN BUY YOU DON’ HAVE TO T BE A VETERAN See Your Local Real E state Broker Or Contact IN THE FAMILY — The late Patrick Shay, Penobscot from Indian Island, left, legally adopted Karl Toney, center, on May 30, in his room at Eastern Maine Medical Center. He died June 4, and will b e buried in traditional custom in the Penobscot Nation. With him in photo is his wife, Isabelle, and Gkisedtanamoogk, medicine man of the Wampanoag Nation, in Mashpee, Mass. Shay will be buried in a sitting position, facing east, with totem pole as marker. Rt. 1, Moulton Road, Woodland 3 bedroom, garage — $28,000.00 — $500.00 D.P. Main Street, Princeton 4 bedroom, garage. $29,500.00 $500.00 D.P. No. Lubec Road, Lubec 3 bedroom, garage — $31,500.00 — $500.00 D.P. 9 Academy Street, Calais 4 bedroom, ready to move into — $29,000.00 — $500.00 D.P. All VA financed 1 'A % interest rate 3 VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance June 1980 Petitioners aw ait reply on tribal constitution SOUTH WINDHAM — At least 52 offreservation Passamaquoddy tribal mem­ bers have signed a petition to tribal government, seeking establishment of a tribal constitution to set forth and protect their rights. The signers of the petition, who are natives of Pleasant Point and Indian Township reservations, live mostly in the Portland area. The petition states in part: “ We would like to see some type of constitution established by the respective iribes stating what the rights of each :ribal member (are), both on and off reservation. And also (to) be notified of when the elections are held for tribal government and when various votes are taken that affect the tribe as a whole.” The petitioners were prevented by tribal government from voting in a recent referendum on the joint PassamaquoddyPenobscot land claims settlement propo­ sal. To date, we feel left out of everything and we feel that our strengths should be unified instead of split, and hope that you feel the same. Please notify us of your decision, thank you,” petition says. the However, a spokesman for the Passa­ maquoddy petitioners said several weeks have passed, and there has been no response from tribal government. The petition was sent to Indian Township Gov. Harold J. Lew ey and council members, and Pleasant Point Gov. Robert Newell and council members. Do,ma Lor“g signs '"operative agreement with Penobscot Consortium |CE1AJ Director Charles Tetro, while Karen Shorette of CMIA looks on. CMIA sign s c o o p e r a tiv e pact BANGOR — A first-of-its-kind agree­ ment has been worked out between Penobscot Consortium and Central Maine Indian Association (CMIA), to share resources and provide better job service to off-reservation Indians. “ s been unique for us here. It’ going It’ s to substantially increase the number of Native Americans participating in our programs,” said Charles Tetro, consor­ tium executive director. The consortium administers federal CETA jobs in the area. “ What we’ looking for is a fair share in re CETA allocations,”explained CMIA Di­ rector Donna Loring, adding that Tribal Governors Inc., sponsor of Indian CETA programs, cut CMIA from $38,000 to $15,200 at a recent meeting, and allowed the off-reservation group one and one-half job slots. She said the new inter-agency agreement will improve recruitment, management and planning. Indian s e e k s Senate seat Indian Township graduates of crash injury management course. |Kathy Tomah Photo] crash injury course CMIA ^ subcontractors INDIAN TOWNSHIP - The following , OEONO - Central Maine Indian Assopeople completed the CIM course spon- ciation is currently looking for Indian sored by Wayne Newell, director of Indian people (if possible) to sub contract out for Township Community Health Service fuel (wood and oil) and blankets for our rogram. Winter 1980 Crisis Intervention Program. Karen Buchanan, Rose Neptune, Cheryl If anyone has any com petitive prices on Bacon, Paula Bryant, Doris Chapman, these goods, please contact Marta at Martha Barstis, Sonja Dorn. 866-5587. Hearing set June 9 on health center suspensions INDIAN ISLAND — Five employees at Penobscot Health and Social Services De­ partment face a grievance hearing June 9, before the tribal council. Two w ere sus­ pended six weeks without pay, and three placed on probation three months. The hearing com es on the heels of the suspension of clinic director Dr. Eunice Baumann-Nelson and her assistant, Denise Mitchell. Tribal nurse Ruth Davis, health planner Maynard Krieder and nurse practitioner Phoebe Gray were placed on probation. The group of five have alleged in letters to acting health center dirctor Timothy Love that they were denied due process, and grounds for action taken against them were not substantial. The d isa gre em en t b e tw e en health center staff, and the tribal governor and council, apparently stem from an incident several months ago when three health center em ployees left the building to assist Stanley Neptune of Indian Island, who was at the time in confrontation with tribal police. Gov. Wilfred Pehrson maintains the employees, Neana Neptune, Philip Guimond and Vicki Almenas, had no right to leave their posts during working hours. Baumann-Nelson argues that the three had permission of acting supervisors to leave the workplace. Other issues of dispute include reim­ bursement for a trip to Nashville and how it should be handled, confidentiality of medical records, and payment of medical costs outside the Penobscot clinic service area, sources told a reporter. In a related matter, nurse Davis has decided against resignation from her job, and will be retained on a consulting basis. Former U.S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs Morris Thompson (1973-76) has announced his intentions to run for the Senate seat now held by Senator Mike Gravel. D-Alaska. Thompson, an Atha­ bascan Indian who is President of the Alaska Federation of Natives, is one of five candidates for the Republican nom­ ination. Don Wright, also an Athabascan and a form er AFN President, is also a candidate. COMMERCIAL “ We went to the consortium because they agreed to give us an equitable share," Loring said. CMIA will remain a member of Tribal Governors. Tetro said “ technical assistance and staff development resources will be avail­ able as if they (CMIA) w ere our own staff.” cited computer use and training He opportunities as examples. The agreement was signed last month in Tetro’office. s WABANAKI CORPORATION ALCOHOLISM COUNSELORS AND THEIR LOCATIONS: Old Town Rosalie Clark 866-5577 Clarence Francis 866-5577 Pleasant Point Grace Roderick 853-2537 Ralph Dana 853-2537 f Northern Maine Alfred Dana 866-5577 Caribou Area Pious Perley 532-7317 Harriet Perley 532-7317 Portland Area George Paul 499-7589 Indian Township Bernard Stevens 796-2301 James Mitchell 796-230’ RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL Hl^ockbeson & SorT BUILDERS PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS CUSTOM BUILT HOMES/RENOVATIONS CONCRETE WORK/MASONRY FINISH & ROUGH CARPENTRY GENERAL CONTRACTING/SUB-CONTRACTING 942-6630 947-4163 One Merchants Plaza - Bangor �Wabanaki Alliance June 1980 Opinion Outreach worker an ally of people in need by Brenda Polchies The outreach worker — a non-profes­ sional worker with a non-professional name applied to a human being who is in a position to reach, make contact, and get down to the level o f the regular people, the common people, the white people and the Indian people in Aroostook County. The only qualifications needed are an ability to get along with people, to exercise good judgment in dealing with clients, and to have a real understanding of the poor economic conditions of rural people. The outreach worker com es across all facets of living. The non-professional work­ er communicates with the young, unwed mother, the senior citizen, the alcoholic, the drug addict, the migrant and transient client. These are individual people with dissimilar destinies. In the rural environment of Aroostook County, days and weeks can go by without a glimpse or presence of another human being. People living in isolated situations welcome and extend a warmth to you — they are glad for the chance to relate, to communicate, to tell you of family situations and personal problems. They tell you what the doctor prescribed for medication for a physical ailment; they tell you the problem they had with the landlord. What are these forms that came in the mail today? D o I have to go see these people about my SSI? Where can I go to get the right kind of assistance? Fuel is so expensive this year, and I can’afford another 100 gals, of fuel oil t — do I qualify for energy assistance at the so and so agency in Presque Isle? The outreach worker is able to perform tasks which are ordinarily assigned to professional people. The outreach worker can soothe the troubled mind of an alcoholic mother; the outreach worker is put in the position of dealing with agencies on behalf of clients who m eet up with red tape and who cannot understand the complicated system which doles out assistance provided that the client m eets endless guideline rules. More than anything else, these people just need to know there is an ally, an advocate — a friend who understands and does not condemn. Just the plain fact of being able to talk to someone and for that someone really to listen and make no judgments, this is what is needed. The physical presence of another person does more, accomplishes m ore in terms of up­ lifting morale, and it says to the young, unwed mother, the senior citizen, the alcoholic, the drug addict, the migrant and transient client — hey, you’ not alone re after all. Someone out there knows I’ m here. Poetry Love I It happened so cool so calm and collected time didn’matter t we both felt protected The night was young and the moon so bright I hoped all along our intentions w ere right Our quick reactions was part of the story but we didn’mind t we w ere in our glory Like a star that falls it wasn’expected t I felt pretty good the night was perfective The question was why that I was the one to fall in her arms and hide from the sun Was there an event sometime before which made her decide to open the door Untitled I have cut my hair, said goodbye to granite ledges, upcountry hills and places of primitive power Stopped thinking of old men with blind eyes and warriors’ hearts remembered every word, touch, shared silence and the frigid pool deep in beech woods where we swam and embraced like awkward children. I have stopped trying not to love you. Lately I have taken to roaming salt water meadows, to sleeping under apple trees gone wild. Like them, I face the sea My dreams are not disturbed by summer wind Or doubt. I have forgiven you. Scarlet Kinney (copyright) Was it the night or the moon alone somehow it happened I’ not yet known ve James Francis Love II Who says I’ yours m who says you’ mine re our so called love has just declined It’shaded black s like stormy clouds and there you are ju st sitting proud Your lifeless heart has got no end for love with you is just pretend BIKE GANG - Out for a spin at Peter Dana Point, Indian Township, are these five youngsters doing their “ relies." Just as cool is Melissa Mitchell of Indian Island, wh below, who had to slow down for the photographer to focus his camera. Page 5 Pretending to be the love so good and that you think I’ made of wood m you burnt m e up and what remained was left to face the endless pain. James Francis SPECIAL W INTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR SEASONAL WORKERS A T T E N T IO N You or someone you know may be eligible for a new winter assistance program for seasonal and migrant workers. This program is basically for in­ dividuals and families who have not received the regular fuel assistance that the state of Maine has offered this winter. YOU MAY BE ELIGIBLE IF: 1. You or someone in your family has worked at least 25 days in the last two years in seasonal agriculture, woods work, fishing, clamming, fish packing, fir tipping, or other seasonal farm, fish or forest occupations. This includes clamdigging, berry raking, potato pick­ ing, haying, working as a woodcutter on someone else’land or cutting wood s on your own land, work in food pro­ cessing plants that is not year round, etc. If you are not sure whether your work qualifies you. get in touch and ask. WHAT KINDS OF ASSISTANCE ARE AVAILABLE? Under this program you may receive assistance which will enable you to pay for the following kinds of items and services: 1. FUEL (any kind, including wood, oil, kerosene, coal) 2. UTILITY BILLS which are due or overdue 3. LP GAS 4. WARM CLOTHING AND BLANKETS 5. STOVES AND REPAIRS TO FURNACES AND HEATING SYSTEMS 6. FOOD 7. M EDICAL CARE 8. Some RENT ASSISTANCE in in special circumstances If you think you or someone you know may be eligible for the kinds of assistance outlined here, please send a postcard to: ECAP Outreach Worker, Route 1 Box 74-1, Steuben, Maine , 04680. Give your name, address and phone (if you have one). Or call: 5467293 or toll free in Maine at 1-800-4321766 for more information. IMPORTANT! YOU MUST APPLY BEFORE JUNE 30, 1980. �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance June 1980 Child welfare ultimately up to Indian people our side, and general acceptance of the fact that placing Indian children out of their own culture m ore often adds to their problems than helps them, we hope to The first week in May marked the end never see a “ resort case.” last of scheduled meetings for the subcommit­ We have met no strong opposition to tees of the Governor’ Task Force on s our goals within the Governor’ Task s Foster Care and Adoption. Force. The torch now remains to be taken Now the Task Force itself is faced with the chore of taking the subcommittee’ by us, the Indian people. s We at Central Maine Indian Association recommendations and suggestions and are now experiencing a better attitude of molding them into a final draft which will cooperation between ourselves and gov­ be presented to the Governor. ernmental agencies concerning Indian C entral M aine Indian A ssociation foster children. Our office has already (CMIA) has taken pains to present the been asked to intervene in certain foster problems facing Indian children to the care cases by Department of Human Task Force and subcommittees. W e have stressed the lack of Indian Social Work­ Services. This in itself is a milestone for ers, unfair licensing procedures and atti­ Indian Foster Care in Maine. Central Maine Indian Association and tudes, and removal of Indian children to the reservations will b e working hand-innon-Indian foster or adoptive homes as hand to see that if an Indian child has to three of the biggest problems in this area enter the foster care system he/she will today. W e have been working to educate our­ be placed with the best possible family, not a family that has no cultural connec­ selves and others about “ The Indian Child tion or concerns. Welfare Act of 1978”which, when fully However, none of the good things being implemented, will make things easier for done will have meaning if there are no Indian foster children. The Act states that Indian foster homes for our children. If Indian children in foster care are to be placed with a member of their family as a you think you know of an Indian child first priority, or with a member of their being taken illegally, or better yet, if you are interested in providing a foster or tribe, as second priority, and with another Indian family as third priority. Only as a adoptive home for an Indian child, please feel free to contact Central Maine Indian “ last resort”can an Indian child now be placed with a non-Indian family. Unfortu­ Association, at 95 Main Street, Orono, nately, this applies only to Federally rec­ Maine — phone: 866-5587. There will be a lot of “ red faces”if a “ last resort”case ognized tribes, which is another thorn to occurs because there are no Indian homes be plucked. With the “ Indian Child Welfare Act”on to take Indian children. by Freeman A. Morey CMIA Outreach Worker Lori Nelson, sister Kelly and friend Scott Therrien. Island student in honor society Kelly’ older sister, Lori, will graduate s INDIAN ISLAND — Seventeen-yearold Kelly Nelson, a Penobscot and this June from Old Town High School, and daughter of Lorraine Nelson, has been plans to attend an eight week health admitted to the National Honor Society science training program for Indians, in for her achievements at Old Town High Michigan, this summer. School. Interested in biology and Spanish, she said she hopes to pursue physical therapy, possibly at University of Vermont. She is vice president of the student council, and is a junior class representative. She has been a cheerleader for basketball at Old ■ --rt Town High. SUBSCRIBE NOW T O Kelly is a topnotch runner, and the track team has a 3-1 record. She has qualified for regional competitions with a time of 2:44.5. T E Emmons death recalls termination era KING WOODSTOVES Complete with automatic heaters Reg. $448.95 — Now $399.95 HARDWARE & GUN SHOP TOM VIC AIRE, Proprietor O pportunity. Wabanaki Alliance, Maine’ only s Indian newspaper, now offers advertising at reasonable rates. Take advantage of an opportunity to reach about 3,500 readers — most of them Indian persons — through a display advertisement o f your choice. Call or write us for rates and other information. WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 Main St. Orono, Maine 04473 Tel. |2071 866-4903 The only Indian-owned hardware business in the State o f Maine “ re eager to do business with people We’ in the Indian community,” says Tom. The store carries a full line o f tools, electrical and plumbing supplies, paint and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine new and used guns. See Our Garden Supplies and Tools For all your hardware and hunting needs, visit — MATT AW AMKE AG HARDWARE & GUN SHOP and sample some good Indian hospitality and service. t, DEACON’ TRUCK — There’no mistaking the pickup owned by Brother Larry Smith S s of Pleasant Point, who is a strong advocate of preserving and teaching the Passamaquoddy language. “ Sesuhs” means Jesus, or the Lord. RUBBERMAID PARTIES If you are interested in having a Rubbermaid party or perhaps becom ­ ing a Rubbermaid dealer in your area and want to make some extra money, get in touch with: DEBBIE MITCHELL 14 OAK HILL STREET INDIAN ISLAND OLD TOWN, MAINE 04468 Or call during the day at 827-5513. i SESUHS MM At the age of 84, former Commissioner of Indian Affairs Glenn Emmons (1953-61) died March 14 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A banker from Gallup, New Mexico, Emmons was appointed by Presi­ dent Eisenhower. He served as Commis­ sioner when U.S. Indian policy stressed termination, state jurisdiction on reserva­ tions and the relocation of Indians from the reservations to the cities. ' ■ v iz :' I . -.. ............ _ • -------------- .a /*--- . r r i _ = k jJIPli m M P u L E S HAND CARVED INDIAN CRAFTS Totem poles, Wabanaki war clubs, canes, miniature totem poles, carved letter openers with Indian heads. Also som e jewelry. For more information call Claude Dennis at 1-207-827-7674 or write to Stan Neptune, 111 Oak Hill, Indian Island, Old Town, Maine 04468. Cheryls Place Now open for business. Selling novelties, toys, games, clothes, jewelry, small appliances, etc. There is a 10% discount for Native Americans, either bring this ad or your hunting and fishing license for verification. W e will donate $1.00 to Wabanaki Alliance for every person that brings this ad and spends $5.00 or more. Cheryl Hodgkin and Tom Thurlow 820 G ray Road (Route 202) South W indham , M aine 04082 �YYabanaki Alliance June 1980 (Continued from page 1 ) An Indian woman's ordeal When my grandfather and I would go into a store in town, many people would com e up to him and shake his hand and talk to him. He was well loved by everyone. I remembered the first night he raped me. At the age of nine, a child will believe almost anything, especially from someone she loves. My grandfather would tell me if I told anyone what he did to me, I would be put in jail. He also said my mother would be mad at me because he would buy me no new clothes. I loved Momma. I couldn’ do anything t to hurt her or make her mad at me, so I kept it to myself. For sixteen years I never told anyone. My silence was from fear, from shame and also from guilt. I thought about my first marriage. I was sixteen. It ended up in a divorce after only one year. It left me with a beautiful baby girl which I raised m yself for three years alone. I remarried at nineteen. He was a good and gentle man. I gave Tom tw o more daughters. W e w ere very happy. W e lived right next to his parents in our new little house. One day his father, who seemed a second father to me, came up to visit me while Tom was at work. He tried to molest me. I fought him off. He left, but he left me with all the old memories of my grandfather.^ Everything about that hor­ rible time in my life came flooding my mind. I had a nervous breakdown three days later. I was in a mental ward for two dreadful, long months. The doctors I had at the hospital put m e on so many strong drugs I became an addict. I couldn’function as a t normal person. I shook violently. I lost sixty pounds in one month, necessitating intravenous feeding. I was a mess. Friends stayed away The road to recovery was hard and rocky. Slowly I made it, but things had changed with my family. My husband never touched m e again, the way he used to do. My friends stayed away; they didn't want to “ disturb”me. My brothers and sisters were so shocked by the facts they learned about my grand­ father and me, they just stayed away also. My mother just cried. However, I still had my children. They loved me just as much. Sarah was eight, Amy was four, Kathy was two years old. I loved them so. My eyes were getting heavy now. The blood covered my bed. I was glad my last thoughts would be of my babies. I love them so much. Who would kiss them in the mornings? Who would wipe their nose? Who would tell them Mommy loved them, but she felt she had to go? My husband made it clear to me I was not to be trusted with my own children. He said he was afraid it would be too much for me to take care of them after my “ disease." We fought a lot about this. Sometimes we got bitter. Many times he was cruel. He told me if w e ever split up I would never have the children. After all, I had a mental record and he would use this against me in court. W e grew farther and farther apart. I knew I could lose my babies. The thought broke my heart. I loved them so. If only I could hold them one last time. If only I could kiss their sweet, chubby cheeks. If only I could be there to wipe away their tears when they found out Mommy was gone. I would tell them they were my heart, I love them so. A deep, peaceful sleep I fell asleep then. It was a deep, peaceful sleep. Then, suddenly, someone broke my peace. I felt a rush of air in my lungs. A man was pounding on my heart. I heard someone cry, “ Thank God, I think she’ s alive!” They took the oxygen mask off my face. I opened m y eyes and saw the two paramedics who w ere working over me. I saw my sister crying, shaking with fear. They brought me in the ambulance to the hospital. There they pumped my stomach and gave me blood transfusions. My sister. Sherry, stayed with me at the hospital. She said she saw my car in tne yard so she stopped in to have coffee with me. When she looked through the window in my door, she saw the kitchen floor covered with blood. She tried to break the window but she couldn’ I have special t. glass in all my windows. She ran down to my mother-in-law’. s house because she rem em bered Louise had an extra key to my house. She told Louise to give her the key and call an am­ bulance. My white mother-in-law said “ No I don’ want to get involved.” Sherry t screamed at her, “ For God’sake, at least s Carter cuts BIA budget by $41 million WASHINGTON — Bureau of Indian Affairs’1981 budget request has been reduced by $40.2 million as a part of President Carter’ anti-inflation program. s The President’revised budget proposals, s sent to Congress March 31, cut som e $15 billion from the total U.S. budget Con­ gress received Jan. 28. Proposed cuts for the Bureau call for closing o f two off-reservation boarding schools. Keep in touch ... The largest reductions, however, will be brought about by delaying irrigation project funding ($22.3 million) and road construction ($10.8 million). The new budget proposal would reduce funding for the operation of Indian programs by $7.1 million. This includes $1 million from the closing of the tw o schools; $4.1 million in personnel compensation; $1.7 million for supplies and equipment, and $300,000 from a program to recruit Subscribe now! M AIL T O W AB A N A K I ALLIANCE, 95 M A IN STR EET, O R O N O , M A IN E 04473 W ABAN AKI ALLIANCE SU B SC R IP T IO N FO R M (Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance) Name Street City/Town and State . Page 7 I EN CLOSE: 1 I$5 for one year ......................................... 1 ____1 (Individual—U.S.) $6 for one year 1__ 1 _ (Canada) j 1 $10 for one year 1 1 ___ (Institutional rate) .................................. Donation (Amount) Zip Code --- Indians into various starting-level profes­ sional positions in the Bureau. If the Stewart and Fort Sill schools are closed, the students can be accommodated in other Bureau schools, the Office of Indian Education Program s has indicated. A large proportion of the students now enrolled at the tw o schools are from out-of-state. Stewart has a current enroll­ ment o f 409 and Fort Sill has 160. The 1981 fiscal year begins October 1 , 1980. INDIAN JEW ELRY Indian-handmade quality w edding (or friendship) bands. These are Zunimade, with cut stones, fine quality, and sterling silver. Describe your needs and_exact size (estimate lk size above your regular size) and I will do m y best to locate. Average cost will be $30 each plus postage; none higher than $40. I will send cost statement for your approval before shipping C.O.D. I will also fill orders for other handmade Indian jew elry items if you describe what you want. Sue Stevens 3812 Monroe N.E. Albuquerque, N.M. 87110 give me the key!”She grabbed the key from Louise’ hand and raced back up to s my house. She called the paramedics, then tried to stop my bleeding. She slapped my face several times but she got no response. She tried to find a pulse or a heartbeat but she could detect none. She thought that I was dead. My husband came into my hospital room a little while later. He showed me his concern by saying, “ How could you do something so stupid. All you wanted was attention.” I’ thought a lot about that. It’a hard ve s way to get attention. If I w ere trying to just get attention from him why did I have to go so far as I did to get it? I don’ put t the blame on him or" anyone else for that matter. I did what I did because of myself. If one learns to hate and be ashamed of oneself, one learns one has no worth, no purpose in life. I’ changed my way of thinking a little ve bit now. I know that what happened between me and my grandfather wasn’ t my fault. Still the shame and som e of the guilt are still here. I go to a psychiatrist once a week and we talk a lot. I have also learned my husband can’ t use my mental record against me in court. I’ learning to forgive myself and m others who have hurt me. I’ learning I m have to try to love myself. I’ not the m “ bad girl”I always thought I was. I’ a m good person with a lot to give. Editor’ Note: Diane Edwards, 26, (not s her real name), a Penobscot, is currently attending college, majoring in mental health. W AN TED Handmade miniatures suitable for fur­ nishings in or around miniature houses built to a scale of 1” = 1 foot. Especially (but not exclusively) in­ terested in baskets of all types, cradles, birchbark items, or other things not found in the ordinary toy shop. These have to be well made, and to scale. Prefer natural colors. Send a sketch, photo or description, or better yet a sample, and your asking price per item. Business will be conducted on a C.O.D. basis. Sue Stevens 3812 Monroe N.E. Albuquerque, N.M. 87110 CAN’ FIND A JOB? T TRY THE Job Corps Would you like to be trained as a ... Bookkeeper Secretary/Stenographer Clerk Typist Nursing Assistant If you are 16 to 21 and not in school, the Penobscot Job Corps Center has training programs which may be of interest to you. The Penobscot Job Corps Center provides all trainees with a place to live, meals, health care and a cash monthly stipend while you learn. And when you finish, w e’ also help you ll find a job. SOUND GOOD? IT J S GOOD. ASK FOR JOB CORPS —in the Portland area—775-7225 —in the Auburn area—786-4190 —in the Bangor area—947-0755 —or toll free anywhere in Maine at 1-800-432-7307 ASK FOR JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance June 1980 Flashback photo news notes Mashpee Indians plan gala weekend MASHPEE, Mass. — All night drum­ ming is part of festivities planned here by ihe Wampanoag tribe, July 4-6. Prizes will be given in a dance contest, including traditional and fancy. Canoeing, foot races, archery and fire ball, plus a “ princess contest,” are on the agenda. Crafts, a clam bake Sunday and bean supper Saturday, will be featured. Space is available for camping. For further infor­ mation contact Mashpee Wampanoag tribal council, Box 1048, Mashpee, Mass. 02649. Gates open at 1 p.m. Health staff attend Arizona meeting All-nations powwow planned Four health w ork ers re p re se n tin g Passamaquoddy and Penobscot health departments attended a recent meeting in Tempe, Arizona. Present at the April 18-23 session were Ruth Davis and Natalie Mitchell from Indian Island, Sonja Dorn from Indian Township, and Hazel Dana from Pleasant Point. The event was called American Indian and Alaska Native Nurses con­ vention. Mitchell joins marines INDIAN ISLAND - Burnell Mitchell, Penobscot, joined the U.S. Marine Corps last month, and has been assigned to Parris Island, S.C., for training. Mitchell is married to the former Pauline Benally, a Navajo. They have a baby daughter, Marissa. Mitchell is the son of Juanita and Matthew Mitchell Sr., of Indian Island. BISMARCK, N.D. — A variety of prizes in various categories of singing and dancing will be offered at an all-nations powwow, slated June 21-22, at United Tribes Educational Center. Total prizes amount to $3,325. Both fancy and tradi­ REMEMBER WHEN — Can any of our readers date this very early photo of teacher tional styles will be performed. and pupils at Indian Island school on the Penobscot reservation? The school in background has been expanded over the years to its present size, and is today said to be too small. This photo, a postcard printed in Germany for Berry Paper Co. of Lewiston, Sapiel a poster finalist was lent to Wabanaki Alliance by Pastor Donald Daigle of Indian Island Baptist Church. ORONO — Jennie E. Sapiel, a fifth grader at Asa C. Adams School, has been notified that for her entry in the Educa­ t io n Ecology Poem and Poster Program, she has been selected as a finalist. An official of the Awareness Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, has announced that this is the second highest award in the program and only 200 en­ trants out of more than 7,000 w ere selected as finalists. Three resign from development office INDIAN ISLAND — Three staff mem­ bers of Penobscot Department of Em ­ ployment and Development resigned re­ cently. One of them complained recently about his situation. Elwin (Al) Sapiel, told Wabanaki Alli­ ance he quit his job because, “ would’ we ve been let go anyway, sooner or later. I can’ t get no help over here. I have to go outside Correction A front page story in last month’ s Wabanaki Alliance incorrectly stated that Maynard Krieder, placed on probation by the Penobscot tribal council, was records clerk with the Indian Island health center. Krieder is the health planner with the clinic. the reservation for som e technical assist­ ance,” said. he Sapiel acknowledged he has had “ dis­ agreem ents about different things”in the past, with tribal Gov. Wilfred Pehrson, his half-brother. Also resigning w ere Sheila Sapiel and Alison Sapiel. The three DED em ployees w ere replaced by Kenneth Paul, Lee Cameron and a receptionist. Richard Hamilton has replaced George Tomer as director of the department. NCAI slates conference WASHINGTON — National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) has schedul­ ed its mid-year conference June 18-20, at Reno, Nevada. Plans are, to “ receive and strengthen" the role of these committees. Have you got their number? Pleasant Point reservation has a new “ PBX" centralized phone system, with one general connecting number: 853-2551, Learning about the pushbutton phone system with new equipment are, from left, Barbara Dana, Katha Seeley, Beatrice Soctomah, Thomas Lewey, Cindy Lola, Mary Lola. Helen Frydel of New England Telephone conducted the class. SKITIKUK OUTFITTERS Specialists in Wilderness Travel SALES - RENTALS - GUIDE SERVICE Featuring IGAS Island Packs and Travelling G ea r C O M E BY A N D SEE US 38 Main St. O ron o 866-4878 PATTERN NO. 200 Filet crochet or cross stitch em broidery squares for afghan or bedspread. Send $1.75 plus 25c for postage and handling to PATTERNS P.O. Box 3061 Portland, Maine 04104 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (June 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-06 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-446 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/5bb9b31d48d22af30fd4ab5cb723bb52.pdf 40eb3e8727248c078ac9cce6bc4075c7 PDF Text Text -7B W 5 8 O( LL: . 9ON PRO.L :RGANI ATION 7 ;OTTAGE ;AID C 2ERRALL9O :RONO 8AINE ABANA I - LLIA N CE ;UBLISHED B 0IOCESAN 4UMAN ELATIONS ER ICES 5NC ABANA I -LLIANCE ' 8AIN TREET :RONO 8AINE " ( August 1980 7AND CLAIMS SEEN CLOSE TO APPRO AL - 4593 :9 HE ) ' MILLION SETTLEMENT OF ;ENOBSCOT ;ASSAMA UODD LAND CLAIMS APPEARS HEADED FOR SWIFT APPRO AL B ONGRESS HE LAND MONE PAC AGE TO UIET TRIBAL CLAIM S TO TWO THIRDS OF 8AINE HAS SUCCESS FULL NA IGATED THE POLITICAL WATERS O F STATE LEGISLATI E ENDORSEMENT AND HAS SAILED THROUGH A ENATE ELECT OMMITTEE ON 5NDIAN -FFAIRS HEARING UL $ HE PROPOSAL IF PASSED WILL ENSURE THE PURCHASE O F "" """ ACRES TO BE DI IDED E ENL BETWEEN THE TWO TRIBES, PLUS ESTABLISHMENT O F A $( MILLION JOINT TRUST FUND ADMINISTERED B THE 0EPARTMENT O F THE 5NTERIOR - 4OUSE OF EPRESENTATI ES HEARING IN ASHINGTON IS SLATED -UG $' AS A COM PANION ACTION WITH THE HEARING HELD B THE ENATE COMMITTEE .ECAUSE THE 4OUSE 5NDIAN -FFAIRS COMMITTEE HAS BEEN ABOL ISHED THE HEARING WILL BE CHAIRED B EP 8ORRIS DALL CHAIRMAN O F THE 5NTERIOR AND 5NSULAR -FFAIRS OMMITTEE 8 EM BERS O F THE JOINT TRIBAL NEGOTIATING TEAM AND THEIR LAW ER HOMAS 9 UREEN HOPE THAT ONGRESS WILL PASS THE CLAIMS AGREEM ENT BEFORE 9O EMBER ELECTIONS WHICH CAST SOM E DOUBT O ER THE FUTURE OF THE PACT SHOULD ;RESIDENT ARTER NOT WIN REFLECTION 5N A CAREFULL WORDED STATEMENT BEFORE THE ENATE COMMITTEE 5NTERIOR ECRETAR ECIL -NDRUS SAID THE -DMINI STRATION SUPPORTED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A $( MILLION TRUST FUND FOR THE 8AINE TRIBES AND WE ALSO DO NO OPPOSE THE ALLOCATION O F NOT MORE THAN ' ' MILLION FOR A LAND AC UISITION FUND TO PURCHASE "" """ ACRES O F A ERAGE 8AINE WOOD LAND ONTINUED ON PAGE 1- ;: HE OLD . 4 ILSON 2ISHERIES PLANT HERE FORMERL OWNED B LI 0ORE WAS DESTRO ED B FIRE - FACTOR WAREHOUSE WAS ALSO DESTRO ED B THE TIRE THAT OCCURRED THE AFTERNOON O F -UG $"TH 0ORE ;ASSAMA UODD LIEUTENANT GO ER NOR AT ;LEASANT ;OINT BOUGHT THE FACTOR IN 8A AND AT THE TIME OF THE FIRE IT WAS BEING CON ERTED INTO A LOBSTER POUND . 0 . 0 , I * 3 B DD ED AEAA D D B G3 3 B D J B3 E3D 3 K 3D 4 D 3D 3B D B DB D D B B D B 3D 3 3G3B A 3 B D 3 3 ADE * 3B 3B D ADE 03 B 3E 3 ADE D B B3 E3D A D A3 3 43 F B E F 3O ERNOR RESIGNS AT ;LEASANT ;OINT 3 3 D 3 B A B 3 3DD * D *D 3 B *D D D B A EB *B 3 3 E3 3 3 F *B *3DD G * D D B 3 D ;71- -9 ;:59 OBERT 9E WELL EMBATTLED GO ERNOR O F THE ;ASSA MA UODD RIBE HERE TOLD ABANA I -LLIANCE HE HAS DECIDED TO RESIGN HIS JOB 9EWELL SAID HE MADE HIS DECISION TO UIT ABOUT A MONTH AGO AND HE DENIED HE WAS PRESSURED OUT OF OFFICE 4 E SAID HE WOULD SEND A LENGTH STATEMENT TO THIS NEWSPAPER BUT IT HAD NOT ARRI ED AT PRESS TIME 7T 3O 3I 0ORE SAID HE HAS NO INTENTION OF LEA ING OFFICE INCE EARLIER THIS EAR 3O ERNOR 9EWELL HALF WA THROUGH HIS FOUR EAR TERM HAS BEEN CRITICI ED B RESER ATION RESIDENTS WHO SA HE IS SIMPL NE ER THERE -PPARENTL 9EWELL IS OFTEN AWA FROM HIS OFFICE ON BUSINESS OR ATTENDING MEETINGS OR CONFERENCES 4E OWNS A LOGGING FIRM 9EWELL AND ONS 8AN PEOPLE JUST THOUGHT THAT HE WASN T ATTENDING TO HIS DUTIES ACCORD ING TO 4ARTLE 9ICHOLAS WHO HOPES TO BE ELECTED TO SUCCEED 9EWELL AS GO ERNOR 9ICHOLAS RESIGNED AS TRIBAL JU DGE TO A OID CONFLICT OF INTEREST HE SAID 5N RECENT WEE S ;LEASANT ;OINT OTERS HA E IRCULATED A PETITION CALLING FOR THE RESIGNATION OF 3O OBERT 9EWELL AND 7T 3O 3I 0ORE - TOTAL O F ' OR F . 4 BD G '' TRIBAL MEMBERS SIGNED THE PETITION - MINIMUM OF '" SIGNATURES ARE RE UIRED UNDER STATE LAW 4ELD AN ELECTION CAUCUS AT WHICH RESIDENTS OTED TO RETURN TO A PRE IOUS TWO EAR TERM FOR GO ERNOR AND LIEUTEN ANT GO ERNOR ET A SPECIAL ELECTION FOR -UG $( AT THE TRIBAL GO ERNMENT BUILDING ;LANNED A MEETING WITH STATE 5NDIAN -FFAIRS OMMISSIONER HARLES ONTINUED ON PAGE " �;FLJ BF FSFPN -QQNFSHJ - L Y! 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ILUQ QWV WKML M NQVIVKQIT IQL PW QVO W QVO IVL 1C 0 N VLQVO FQ P I LMO MM QV I Q^M 0UM QKIV B LQM N WU D2 1M SMTMa aW W W VQ QM I M TQUQ TM 8N aW VMML IVa QVNW UI QWV W QN aW PI^MIVa YLQHQWV TMI M NMMT N MM W KWV IK 2WV IK ?M WV QKPIMT 7QTT"AMK Q M KRNQV MTW 0TM 0TLIa"B LMV 0NNIQcc NNQKM I Q^M 0UM QKIV B LQM &' ( 3 QVMTTM 7ITT DVQ^M Q a W N 2ITQNW VQI 1M SMTMa 1M SMTMa 2ITQNW VQI ,' ' ( )' '( �;AGE ABANAKI ,LLIANCE , G ST )( 49 4,9 4 7,9 2OV ILFRED ;EHR SON RECENTL HOSPITALI ED WITH A SERIO S ILLNESS WILL APPARENTL NOT SEEK ANOTHER TWO EAR TERM IN ;ENOBSCOT 9ATION TRIBAL ELECTIONS EPT ) 1IVE CANDIDATES WERE NOMINATED AT A CA C S THIS MONTH SEEKING GOVERNORSHIP OF THE TRIBE B T ONE HAS WITHDRAWN ,LSO NOMINATED AT THE CA C S WERE CANDIDATES FOR LIE TENANT GOVERNOR AND SCHOOL BOARD OME ' TRIBAL MEMBERS ATTENDED THE CA C S WHICH FOR SEVERAL HO RS INVOLVED A DISC SSION OF R LES AND PROCED RES FOR NOTIF ING OFF RESERVATION ;ENOBSCOTS 9OMINATED B T REPORTEDL NO LONGER R NNING FOR GOVERNOR IS 5OSEPH 5O 5O 1RANCIS A CO NCIL MEMBER EMAINING CANDIDATES ARE 1RANCIS . APIEL CO NCIL MEMBER TRIBAL EMPLO EE 5AMES APPIER ANA 8ITCHELL AND IMOTH 7OVE ALSO A TRIBAL EMPLO EE ,T ONE POINT ,NDREW ,KINS OBJECTED TO R LE WHICH SA S A CANDIDATE M ST BE PRESENT AT THE CA C S TO BE NOMINATED 4 KNOW O F ONE PERSON WHO IS NOT HERE TONIGHT WHO WANTS TO BE NOMINATED HE SAID 4 THINK IF A PERSON IS THAT INTERESTED THE SHO LD BE HERE RESPONDED 0 NICE -A MANN 9ELSON -A MANN 9ELSON MADE A MOTION SECONDED B HER SISTER 8ILDRED ,KINS THAT AN EMPLO EE OF A TRIBAL OFFICE M ST RESIGN IF ELECTED HE MOTION WAS DEFEATED , MOTION B ATIE ,KINS THAT A CANDID ATE M ST RESIGN PRIOR ELECTIVE OFFICE WAS PASSED 1RANCIS APIEL CANDIDATE FOR GOVERNOR INTROD CED A MOTION THAT NO TRIBAL MEMBER SHALL R N FOR OFFICE IF ALREAD HOLDING AN ELECTIVE POST NLESS CANDIDATE RESIGNS S CH POST HE MOTION SECONDED B APIEL S BROTHER AMM WAS DEFEATED 4T WO LD HAVE DIRECTL AFFECTED AT LEAST ONE OF APIEL S OPPONENTS IM 7OVE WHO IS C RRENTL ELECTED REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE TRIBE TO THE STATE 7EGISLAT RE 4N AN ACTION THAT WILL ALLOW CANDIDATES TO CONTACT OFF RESERVATION 4NDIANS 0RNEST 2OSLIN S MOTION TO OPEN THE TRIBE S MAILING LIST TO ALL CANDIDATES WAS PASSED OME 1,0 ,1 . ,. 0 0 PERSONS FEARED CERTAIN CANDIDATES WO LD HAVE AN ADVANTAGE IF THE ONL HAD ACCESS TO THE LIST ,BSENTEE BALLOTS WERE HOTL DEBATED AT THE CA C S WHERE IT WAS FINALL RESOLVED TO NOTIF OFF RESERVATION TRIBAL MEMBERS O F ALL CANDIDATES DATE AND TIME OF ELECTION AND INSTR CTIONS FOR OBTAINING AND RET RNING AN ABSENTEE BALLOT ANA 8ITCHELL CANDIDATE FOR GOVERNOR SAID R LES SHO LD MAKE IT CLEAR BALLOTS SHO LD BE SENT TO TRIBAL CLERK AND SHO LD NOT BE OPENED E CEPT AT PROPER TIME AND PLACE 3E REFERRED TO ALLEGED INCIDENTS IN THE PAST WHERE ABSENTEE BALLOTS WERE IMPROPERL OPENED EANNA 7E-RETTON STOOD P AND OB JECTED SA ING THAT 8ITCHELL WAS WRONG THAT THERE HAD BEEN NO HANK PANK IN THE PAST ELECTION IN WHICH HER FATHER ;EHRSON WON THE ELECTION B A SMALL MARGIN O F VOTES EEKING THE JOB OF LIE TENANT GOVERNOR ARE FORMER GOVERNOR 9ICK APIEL IVIAN 8ASSE AND 4RENE ;ARDILLA 3OPING TO WIN ELECTION TO ONE OF SI CO NCIL SEATS THAT WILL BE VACANT ARE INC MBENTS .LARA 5ENNINGS 0RNEST 2OSLIN AND -ETH OCKBESON ONNA 7ORING EN ;A L 8ARIE ING .HER L NAPP 1RANCIS 8ITCHELL 0 NICE -A MANN 9ELSON 1RANCIS ANCO 1RANCINE 8 RPH EBASTIAN . 1RANCIS 5ERR 1RANCIS AND ATIE ,KINS 8ATTHEW APPIER DECLINED A NOMINATION B 2AR ,TTEAN ANTING TO FILL TWO OPENINGS ON THE SCHOOL BOARD ARE 8ICHAEL ANCO 8ERLENE .O T RIER AND EANNA 7E-RETTON E BEN - TCH ;HILLIPS WAS THE ONL CANDIDATE NOMINATED FOR TRIBAL REPRESENTATIVE TO THE 8AINE 7EGISLAT RE -ALLOT BO TENDERS NAMED WERE MARTHA 7ORING ,LICE 1OWLER -RENDA 7EAVITT -ARBARA 5EAN 1RANCIS OREEN 9EPT NE -ARTLETT HE NAMES OF 0 NICE .ROWLE AND EBRA 8ITCHELL WERE REMOVED BECA SE THE ARE RELATIVES OF CANDIDATES HE CA C S WAS CHAIRED B TRIBAL CO NCIL CHAIRMAN 8ILES 1RANCIS FLANKED B TRIBAL CLERK -LANCHE .ORBETT AND 7T 2OV 0DWIN 8ITCHELL Newell quits post .ONTIN ED FROM PAGE H NARD TO DISC SS LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE PROPOSED ELECTION CHANGES O GHT AN OPINION FROM TRIBAL LAW ER HOMAS 9 REEN WHO WAS REPORTEDL NCERTAIN OF J RISDICTIONAL ASPECTS THAT IS WHETHER STATE OR FEDERAL REG LATIONS APPL TO THE RESERVATION HERE IS SOME ESTION ABO T WHOSE LAWS APPL ON THE RESERVATION IN VIEW OF CO RT DECISIONS ESTABLISHING FEDERAL CRIMINAL J RISDICTION - T THOSE DECI SIONS HAVE LEFT A VOID IN OTHER AREAS FORMERL FILLED B THE BL E BOOK THE STATE S LAWS FOR 4NDIANS ;70, ,9 ;:49 7T 2OV .LIV ORE OF THE ;ASSAMA ODD TRIBE WILL RETAIN HIS JOB ABANAKI ,LLIANCE LEARNED AS THIS ISS E WENT TO PRESS THAT A REFEREND M VOTE THIS MONTH FAILED TO NSEAT THE TRIBAL OFFICIAL HE VOTE WAS #( () IN FAVOR OF KEEPING ORE IN THE POSITION OF LIE TENANT GOVERNOR ORE INDICATED HE WAS PLEASED WITH THE O TCOME OF EFFORTS TO O ST HIM RIBAL 2OV OBERT 9EWELL HAS RE SIGNED EFFECTIVE EPT 7IE TENANT 2OVERNOR ORE NDER PRESS RE TO LEAVE OFFICE ALONG WITH 9EWELL SAID HE HAS ABSOL TEL NO PLANS TO RESIGN 3E TOLD ABANAKI ,LLIANCE HE WILL FIGHT FOR HIS JOB AND THAT HE BE LIEVES METHODS BEING EM PLO ED AGAINST HIM ARE ILLEGAL ;70, ,9 ;:49 :FF RESERVATION ;ASSAMA ODD TRIBAL MEMBERS WILL NOT BE ABLE TO VOTE HERE NE T MONTH IN SCHED LED TRIBAL ELECTIONS HERE EPT # HAT IS THE REPORTED RES LT O F A VOTE AT AN ELECTION CA C S HERE WHICH INCL DED ANOTHER RADICAL ACTION THE CA C S DECIDED TO RET RN TO A TWO EAR TERM FOR GOVERNOR AND LIE TENANT GOVERNOR O F THE TRIBE HOSE TRIBAL MEMBERS ATTENDING THIS MONTH S CA C S APPARENTL CONCL DED THAT OFF RESERVATION 4NDIANS BELONGING TO THE TRIBE SHO LD NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE IN REG LAR ELECTIONS FOR TRIBAL GOVERNMENT JOBS 4N ANOTHER SWEEPING ACTION THE LEGAL IT O F WHICH IS IN ESTION AND WAS BEING REVIEWED AT PRESS TIME B LAW ER HOMAS 9 REEN THE CA C S VOTED TO RET RN TRIBAL ELECTIONS TO A BIENNIAL BASIS RATHER THAN THE NEWL INSTIT TED FO R EAR TERM NOW HALFWA OVER 7EGALIT ASIDE 2OV OBERT 9EWELL HAS NOFFICIALL SAID HE HAS DECIDED TO RESIGN SEE BO ED STOR IN THIS ISS E 3E SAID HE MADE THE DECISION ABO T A MONTH AGO 3E ADDED THAT HE DOES NOT REGRET THE DECI SION AND WILL BE CIRC LATING A STATEMENT OF HIS REASONS TO EVER HO SEHOLD ON THE RESERVATION SOON 9EWELL OPERATES A LO G GIN G B SINESS .ANDIDATES NOMINATED AT THE CA C S TO REPLACE 9EWELL ARE TRIBAL J DGE 5 3ARTLE 9ICHOLAS AND EANNA 1RANCIS :THER CONTENDERS NOT NOMINATED WERE ;ETER -AILE AND 8A WELL .HICK -ARNES 7T 2OV .LIV ORE TOLD ABANAKI ,L LIANCE HE HAS NO INTENTION O F BEING RE PLACED AND THAT SWITCHING TO THE TWO EAR S STEM WITHO T PROPER PROCED RES IS ILLEGAL 9EVERTHELESS TWO CANDIDATES FOR THE POSITION OF LIE TENANT GOVERNOR WERE NOMINATED THE ARE ALPH ANA AND A MOND 8 OORE R 4RONICALL ORE CHAIRED THE CA C S HELD AT THE TRIBAL B ILDING . 0 , ,1 GOVERNOR Oil, gas, coal, gypsum, timber and the skill to manage them. 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OF THE ASSAMA UODDY TRIBE ARE RECALLED IN THIS EARLY PHOTO OF THREE 2NDIAN GIRLS WEARING APPROPRIATE DRESSES BEADS AND FEATHERS HOTO LENT BY HILOMENE -ANA OF 2NDIAN OWNSHIP HE CANDIDATE WHO GETS THINGS DONE RGANI ATIONS( PENOBSCOT 2NDIAN 7ATION 1OUSING UTHORITY ,HAIRMAN 7, 2 7ATIONAL ,ONGRESS OF MERICAN 2NDIANS /:, 2 / /EDERAL :EGIONAL ,OUNCIL 2NDIAN ASK /ORCE 7 , 7ATIONAL RIBAL ,HAIRMEN S SSOCIATION -2 -EPARTMENT O F 2NDIAN FFAIRS 7 ,2. 7ATIONAL DVISORY ,OUNCIL ON 2NDIAN .DUCATION 02 RIBAL 0OVERNORS 2NC ,IVIL :IGHTS ,OMMISSION 2 AINE 2NDIAN RANSPORTATION SSOCIATION ,. ,OMPREHENSIVE .MPLOYMENT AND RAINING CT ,/7 ,OMMUNITY /OOD AND 7UTRITION ROGRAM EALS FOR .LDERLY CHOLARSHIPS /ORD /ELLOWSHIP 5EADERSHIP -EVELOPMENT ROGRAM /EDERAL! TATE! RIBAL :ELATIONS FF RESERVATION 2NDIANS /EDERAL TATE 5EGISLATION ND O /ORTH 9 . 1 .8 . 1. ! .8 ! 08 1 . ACKGROUND AND . PERIENCE( RIBAL 5AWS AND RDINANCES -EVELOPMENT AND PPLICATION TATE 5AWS AND /EDERAL 5AWS -EVELOPMENT AND PPLICATION :ULES AND :EGULATIONS -EVELOPMENT AND PPLICATION ,OMPREHENSIVE LANS LANNING AND OLICIES UDGETING AND /INANCE ?RITING AND :EPORTING .VALUATIONS AND ONITORING DMINISTRATION AND ANAGEMENT 0RIEVANCES AND PPEALS 1EARINGS AND EETINGS ,OORDINATION AND 2MPLEMENTATION RIBAL 7EGOTIATING ,OMMITTEE RGANI ATIONS AID FOR BY THE ,OMMITTEE TO .LECT 3AMES APPIER � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (August 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-08 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-447 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/deb3cc6f6406e2bb295017a2b4c43f2a.pdf a3cdc552d27b2394d7fbe1dfc0516972 PDF Text Text Kci woiitahasuwakon Sesuhs peciyat W abanaki A llia n ce Non-profit Organization U.S. Portage Paid 3.1c Permit No. 1 4 Orooo, Maine December 1980 Claims funded WASHINGTON — The negotiators of the $81.5 million Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims settlem ent are almost home free. As Wabanaki Alliance went to press, the the U.S. Senate passed a bill that bankrolls the federal resolution. Although expected, the funding legisla tion iii'ts a load from tribal leaders7minds. The entire settlem ent has followed a strategy and timetable to conclude all business before President Carter, an avow ed supporter, leaves office. if Carter had not signed the land claims agreement in October, a new administra tion could take over next month with the issue unresolved. In that event., the whole deal would be off, and negotiators would have to start over. A tribal negotiating team has worked long, hard hours for several years; m eeting first with themselves and lawyer Thomas N. Tureen — spearhead o f the claims — and then with federal officials. Finally, state officials and the Maine Legislature became involved, giving swift passage to a settle ment that left them off the hook, financially. The Senate vote, Dec. 1, came on the heels of House approval the w eek before. Tribal negotiating team chairman Andrew X. Akins said he expects Carter to sign the appropriation bill the week of Dec. 15. Akins said he is relieved much o f the struggle for a settlem ent is over. He said it will be “up to the people” of the tribe to decide how income from a trust, fund is spent. He said the tribes could expect to see a check as early as April. Akins said he anticipates som e discussion about how to disburse, or invest income. Tribal m eetings v/ili be scheduled, and the negotiating team will for the time being remain intact. The Maine Indian claim is the largest, in term s of land acquisition, in U.S. history, according to the a U.S. Department of the Interior official. A sum of $2? million will be held in trusL by the department, for the tribes. The land — 5,000 acres of which will go to Maliseet Indians in Houlton — will be purchased with the remaining $54.5 million. Land has not been finally selected, although several major landholders have made commitments t.o the tribes. Penobscot and Passamaquoddy officials have m et with Dead River Company President P. Andrews Nixon, and will likely contract with Dead River for land m anage ment. The contract would stipulate a six month trial period, after which the tribes could cancel or renew the agreement. Tribal leaders recently toured Dead River’ tree farm in Springfield, near Route s 6. Dead River owns 180,000 acres in Maine, and manages considerably m ore acreage, according to John Cox, public relations man. Tureen told a reporter, “N ever before has the legal system returned this much land after so much time. And for the first time in history, lawyers will not get a big piece of the settlement," said Tureen. Elsie Haddock, a Passamaquoddy and lifelong wreath maker. See story page 5. Possomaquoddys want per capita share PLEASANT POINT — More than 200 Passamaquoddy tribal m em bers here have signed a petition asking that interest earned on land claims trust monies be given to individuals, and not retained by tribal government. The petition is w orded as follows: “W e the undersigned m em bers of the Passamaquoddy Tribe of Indians, residing at the Pleasant Point reservation in Washington County, petition that the interest paid annually to the Passama quoddy Tribe of Indians under the term s o f the recent land claims settlem ent act passed by the U.S. C ongress for the benefit o f the Passamaquoddy Tribe shall be divided monthly among the individual m em bers of our Tribe, after the said monies are received by the Tribal Gover nor and Council, apd not used exclusively lor large public tribal projects, involving great sums of money with big salaries for the directors of such tribal public pro jects." Election ends retirement for J.H. Nicholas Governor Nicholas at inauguration ceremony. PLEASANT POINT — Joseph Hartley Nicholas, 54, put an end to quiet retire ment from Pratt & Whitney, when he was elected last fall to head the Passama quoddy Tribe. The race for governor was close, with traditionalist Deanna Francis coming within 16 votes of Nicholas’ 157 ballots. Since taking office Oct. 1, com plete with Governor’ inaugural ball, Nicholas has s sought to unify his people. “There are two main factions here. They had very strong feelings about it (the election results). I think now things have stabilized. I think after our Lhird or fourth (council) meeting, w e’ managed ve to have a fairly productive meeting." said the Governor, known here simply as “Hartley." A handsome, vigorous man of strong opinions, Nicholas is the brother of former tribal governor Frances J. Nicholas, and son of Margaret Nicholas, a great grand m other who instilled in her children a pride and self-confidence that is passed from generation to generation. "M other" Nicholas is still active, her opinions at least as strong as her son’ s. Hartley Nicholas said al first, “I wanted my nephew. Chris Ailvater. to run. I thought that he would do a real good job. He has a degree from UMO. But he wants to get his master’ degree. So when he s declined to run, I accepted the nomination. “W e’ passed som e fairly controversial ve issues,” Nicholas explained, seated com fortably in the living room of his brand new house, which overlooks Passama quoddy Bay. “For example, acquisition of the Eastport Water Company. It will (Continued on page 4) D e a d River to sell s o o n BANGOR — The president of Dead River Company said he anticipates com pleting a contract with the Penobscot Nation and Passamaquoddy Tribe in about six weeks. Dead River will manage yet-to-be-ac quired timberlands. purchased through the recent $81.5 million federal settlement of Maine Indian land claims. The Bangor based company will also sell som e lands to the tribes, according to President P. Andrews Nixon. Nixon has consulted with tribal gov ernors Timothy Love. Harold J. Lewey and J. Hartley Nicholas: and tribal officials have Loured Dead River’ tree s farm. Nixon said he would be willing to com ment further, after the contract is final. �’ age 2 Wabanaki Alliance December 1980 editorials Chairman Cohen Sen aIor William S. Cohen's impending status as chairman of the enate Select Committee on Indian Affairs may be a foregone con cision. but his activity in that role is open to question. Appointed ranking Republican on the panel two years ago. Cohen anything but an advocate of Indian rights. His philosophy on luians was amply demonstrated in his consistent opposition to ceognizing the validity of Maine Indian land claims — the only ldian legislation in which he is known to have been truly involved. To his credit, he supported passage o f the Penobscot-Passalaquoddy claims in a Senate voice vote, but by that time — last fall - he would have been an obstructionist to do anything else. The Mnnataba Messenger, an Indian weekly in Parker. Arizona, ^served that Cohen "is somewhere between an original redneck and man whose eyes are gradually opening. Will he blink?” We don’ t liieve m name-calling, but we wonder what a man who in 1979 said at he “wouldn't support (Indian sovereignty) anywhere" will do as airman of a committee that handles most if not all Indian gislation headed for Congress. Although Cohen voted for the negotiated settlement in Maine, he as conspicuously absent from tile signing ceremony at the White ouse, Oct. 1 Also missing were fellow Maine Delegation 0. embers. Representatives David F. Emery and Olympia Snowe. lowe and Emery have been consistently anti-Indian claims. Cohen is plainly not our choice to chair the committee. The mimittee lost a good chairman when Indian advocate Sen. James bourezk of South Dakota retired. Cohen’ motives deserve further s rutiny. Vulture warning AT THE CURB - Maine Atty. Gen. Richard Cohen, left, and his deputy, John Paterson, watt for ride on White House lawn, after witnessing the President sigD Maine Indian claims act. Quotable H ere’ a language that has survived since the dawn of man — s however long ago that was — it’ a living language, and we’ losing s re it. — I. Hartley Nicholas, Governor The Passamaquoddy Tribe at Pleasant Point The work has just begun. That's what many tribal officials are I see these young people wearing feathers, saying ‘ m Indian’ and I’ lying now about the land claims settlement. they can’ speak the language. t They are absolutely correct. — Harold J. Lewey, Governor While the struggle to bring the negotiated settlement to a peaceful The Passamaquoddy Tribe at Indian isolution lasted more than a decade, and involved countless Township ilunteer hours and energy, there seems to be no time to relax. In ict, there was hardly time for a victory party, even had negotiators ccn in the mood for jubilation. Now, the hassels begin. W here’ the money going? Who is s andling what, and who makes decisions? What about the swarm of eople who suddenly “discovered” they are Penobscot or Passalaquoddy, and want a piece of the pie — or to be adopted by a tribe )they arc eligible for a monetary slice. We'll wager there’ a far more dangerous element waiting in the s ings. This element consists of technical experts, tribal consultants, ivestors, sellers of real estate, promoters ... all posing as shepards ho wish to lead the tribe to greener pastures. Only to fleece the idians along the way. It wouldn't be the first time Indians have been taken. Our hope is iat Indians will lead Indians; and even there, tribes must be on lard against fraud and deceit. There are, after all, Indian persons tiling to use and manipulate fellow Indians. So the issue is less a racial one than it is a question of caution and :althv suspicion. We can hear it now: “Have I got a deal for you!" he salesman has got this unbeatable deal on a Maine resort, and the ibe can have it cheap. The only catch is, the resort has been bankrupt ever since it rened. It’ a lemon. You wouldn’t touch it with a paddle. s Instead, let the tribes proceed at their own pace; warily, carefully, ith trusted advice. Let the tribes weigh any venture — be it timber harvesting, iwmiils, blueberry farming or whatever — with this in mind: the �Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980 Page 3 letters Impressed Young cousins and happy mothers Seneca Blake Stevens, left, is the two-month-old son of T e n McDougall of Indian Island. Domekin Attean McDougall is the seven-month-old son of T e n ’ sister, Janice s McDougall. Both mothers are proud their son6 have Indian names. Tracing A b en ak i Los Angeles To the editor: Do you know of any papers which come from the Abenaki Reserve, Odanak, in the Province of Quebec, Canada? Any information regarding the above or any other information specifically dealing with the Abenaki tribe would be greatly appreciated. Also I wanted to tell you that I enjoy your paper very much. Diane J. Obomsawin 10990 Strathmore Dr. #2 Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 C hauvinism ! Princeton To the editor: Just a note to let you know how much we enjoy reading the Wabanaki Alliance. However, it is I who subscribed to the Wabanaki Alliance with my own hard earned money. Why do you send it in my husband s name? Is this a display of chauvanism! Please correct the subscription. D on’ t w orry — I'll still let my husband read it. Thank you. Lorraine Gabriel Ritter Wingdale, N.Y. To the editor: Recently I was visiting my sister, Geraldine Oliver in Dan forth. Me. We both have been living off the reservation for over 20 years. In the course of reminising and asking how the folks were, my sister brought out her copies of Wabanaki Alliance. I was impressed with your paper and wish to subscribe. Bob Tomah For the cause Pittsburg, N.H. To the editor: I don t know whether I have done any good for the cause, but you have my uncle from Ossipee as a new subscriber, and hopefully a cousin in Texas, and have written a letter to the Manchester Union Leader paper, in behalf of the Alliance. Thank you for a paper for the Indian. I wait for my paper every month, it means a great deal to me and mine. D. D ’ Amboise (Shonebeki) Native center Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Young and concerned Mattawamkeag T o the editor: Now that former Gov. Reagan will be our next president, I am concerned about several things. For example, the issue about foreign affairs and Iran really bothers me. Are we possibly facing the prospects of a war? Like all young men. I'm con cerned. What about the SALT treaties? Are we going to get the reputation of aban donment? And the hostages — they remain in Iran despite what Carter has tried. D oes Reagan have a special plan for their freedom? Will he attem pt to take them by force? Speaking of force, how is Reagan goin g to increase military spending and cut taxes all at the same time? Is it possible? Tom Vicaire Grade 8 Mattanawcook Junior High School Unhappy with claims accord To the editor: For our native people to find and fulfill Lewis burg. Pennsylvania their rightful role in the life of our nation To the editor: is an aspiration in the common interest of I would like to make a com ment on all Canadians. Our ties of race and .culture, I the recent Indian land claims settle spanning all provinces and territories can ment. First off, I want to say that I be an important unifying influence in our wish that I could state at this Lime that country. As an important step towards I was happy with this settlement, but I this common objective, the Inuit, Indian cannot for the following reasons. and Metis are joining together to establish The first being that the very worst a National Native Centre in our capital mistake that the people who negotiated city. this settlement, was when they gave The new building will not only provide up the “Sovereignty” that our fore the traditional services of a Friendship fathers worked so hard to protect. Centre, but will be a means of displaying Som ething that is a absolute must if we native art and other cultural activities. It are to survive as an Indian Nation. This will show our visitors — including those constitutes a grave error on the part of from foreign countries — that Canada the people that worked so hard on this .recognizes and respects its original Wabanaki Alliance Vol. 4, No. 12 Decem ber 1980 settlement. For them to put such a people. • thing in this settlem ent go es against As befits such a significant national Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian everything that a Indian Nation stands venture, we are inviting participation Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone (207] 866-4903. for! And I believe that som eday they’ ll from all parts of Canada. W e would be Typeset by Old Town/Orono Times. Printed by Ellsworth American. realize this error, but I’ sorry to say m very pleased if you would include us on that then it will be too late to rectify your mailing list, for no charge. Hopefully, M ember — Maine P ress Association this serious error. in a year we will be able to subscribe to Secondly, for anyone to state that your magazine. Presently, we are still Steven Cartwright, Editor this is what the people wanted is raising funds to buy our building. another misstatement, for the simple Mary Mudd reason that the off reservation Indians did not ge t a chance to voice they’ re Reporters opinion of this very serious matter. Phone 827-6219 Indian Island Diane Newell Wilson This constitutes a very, very grave Phone 53 2-7317 Houlton Brenda Pnlchies injustice to a number o f American Lost cause Phone 853-4654 Pleasant Point Roberia Richler Indians. And will m ore than likely Bangor Phone 796 2301 Indian Township Kal hy Totnah divide the tribes instead of bringing To the editor: them closer together, like we should be I would like to pass this information DIS Board of Directors doing, and is a goal that is a m ust if we Jean Chavaree (chairman] IndianIsland along to others. are to survive. In order to becom e In Some months back I answered an ad in Donna Loring, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Old Town dependent we must have unity among Timothy Love, Governor IndianIsland the Wabanaki Alliance where it said, ourselves first. And this cannot happen “Calling all Maliseets, Maliseet Nation, Jeannette Neptune, Community D evelopm ent D irector Indian Township if important events such as this settle Madawaska, Maine." Jeanette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Old Town ment is not voted upon by each and I am sorry to say that this man didn’ t Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Houlton every m em ber of each tribe concerned! tell m e all the details. My sister and I I believe that there are others that signed our names to his list and he asked IMS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services. Inc. of Maine. Sub feel the same as m yself on these for a donation. W e gave m oney to a cause scription to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 matters, and I hope that they’ voice ll that was against my beliefs, and as an Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a they’ opinion and concern, whenever re American citizen, and a M aliseet Indian. and wherever they possibly can. non-pro Jit corporation. Contributions are deductible for income tax purposes. I hope no one else is as sim ple minded as Frederick L. Thurlow III j Roles: - 5 per year 1 issues]: So Canada and overseas; SIQ Ser institutions 5 52 I to make such a faux pas as I did. I ischools, government, business, etc.] Helen W. Deveau i. �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980 A governor s concerns (Continued from page 1 ) benefit the tribe, and we ll be able to buL I don't want my race to disappear. It’ s control our own water rates. If the inevitable, it’ down the road, unless we s present owner — their home office is in take action,” Nicholas said. Philadelphia — makes the improvements, Through intermarriage, Indian blood in the rates will probably double. It em ploys tribal mem bers has decreased. “I’ con m lour or five people, and that's four or five cerned about the assimilation into the jobs for our labor force," Nicholas said. white race," says Nicholas, who advocates A matter-of-fact person whose words a cut-off date, such as 1980, after which are touched with kindness and concern for offspring of unions involving a non-Indian his tribe, Nicholas declared, “what I would parent would not be on the tribal census. like to see here is unemployment brought Echoing his mother's concern with down to a regional level. Actually, what I Passamaquoddy language (reported in a would like to see is no unemployment at previous feature story in Wabanaki Alli all. ance), Nicholas explained, “I try to speak “Welfare is fine if you are sick, un to my grandchild every day, and he under healthy, disabled," the Governor con stands, but ne answers me in English. tinued. “But if you are young and fit, you “I'm hoping that by persevering I will should earn your own living. I don’ think . succeed in teaching him how to speak t the United States ow es you a living. If the Indian." The hope fades quickly from work ethic is inculcated in a child, by a Hartley's eyes. “But it's a losing battle." parent, a teacher, or even example, this, He shrugs. thing can be completely brought about in a Nicholas’ brother, Francis, the former generation.” governor, speaks to his kids in English Nicholas, like other Passamaquoddys, because he himself had a hard time with feels the pull of both modern non-Indian English. "That attitude is prevalent,” the society, and the tugging of tradition, his Governor said. early heritage. A heliarc welder at Pratt “H ere’ a language that has survived s & Whitney in Hartford for 14Vz years, he since the dawn of man — however long retired recently with a pension, and came ago that was — it’ a living language, and s home with his Passamaquoddy wife, w e’ losing it.” re Eileen Nicholas. Prior to welding, he Nicholas himself learned Passama worked nine years for Hartford Faience quoddy first, and “English came easily." Company, makers of ceramic electrical Land claims and the future insulators. (Fellow Pratt & Whitney Asked for his opinion on the $81.5 Passamaquoddys John Stanley and David million land-money settlem ent o f PenDoyle are scheduled to retire soon.) obscot-Passamaquoddy claims, Nicholas Nicholas believes the state “made a big stated: "I would’ liked to see a settle ve mistake in its relations with the tribes. I ment that would make the Indians inde think they should have helped them make pendent and financially secure far into the the transition from their ancient culture future, but I don’ think that’ realistic. t s . .. I remember I was in eighth grade,-a “If we can pick ourselves up by our couple of boys (from the reservation) went bootstraps it will be just as good." to high school. It was 1929. They were the Skeptical about the settlem ent in general, first to go. I started the next year, with Nicholas nevertheless was present, Oct. two others. We were the first, to graduate. 10, when the President signed the land There was no opportunity to g o higher.” claims act at the White House. Nicholas can see the changes, such as Nicholas is convinced disaster was his nephew seeking a m aster’ but still, s, avoided by establishing the $27 million he says, “I want my people to be Indian. trust fund for the two tribes. "If we had “My concern is the future of the tribe. realized a great deal of money and divided I've nothing against the white race. Some it am ong the tribe, w e’ be ruined,” he d of my best friendships are with the while said. race. They have many traits I admire. Nicholas said he prefers tribal enter They are thrifty, industrious . .. but I am prises over other,, private, outside in an Indian, and I want my people to be terests operating on the reservation. Indian; rather than becom e absorbed by However, he said the planned Digital our white neighbors. Equipment shop, expected to train and It probably wouldn’ be a bad thing, t em ply about five persons at $3.25 per hour The G overno r and his dog, Cipuhtes (clown). to make cable connectors for computers, will be a welcome development. “Even if we start with five jobs, it grows,” he said. The new governor is especially proud of the decision to acquire E astporl Water Company. “It won’ cost the tribe a t penny,” he boasts, citing an outright $1.4 million grant, plus a $1.5 million loan to be repaid through revenue bonds. “W e’ be ll the only Indian tribe in the country that owns a water company,” he said, smiling. “I thought it would be foolish to turn down something like that.” In other business, Nicholas said, “w e’ re goin g to open our fish holding .plant. We hope to process fish here, and ship them down to Boston. We're presently negotiat ing with a couple of dealers." Anticipated is the arrival of the stellhulled, government surplus commercial fishing vessel, “Magdalena.” Another project is buying Carlow Island, adjacent to the reservation and bisected by Route 190, the Eastporl road. The stumbling block is not the price, set by the island’ New York owner, but the s fact that Eastport does not want to lose its pow er to tax the property. Asked about the recent removal of track from Maine Central Railroad Com pany s right-of-way across Pleasant Point, Nicholas said, “I’ glad you mentioned m that. He said he may pursue obtaining title to the right-of-way. He remembered riding to Perry, as a boy. for nine cents. N ew foundland Indians seeking status, rights Margaret Nicholas, m other of two governors. The ride to Eastport by train was 18 cents. Asked about the long proposed Pittston oil refinery, Nicholas said, “I don’t believe they can have a refinery of that type without polluting the water." Describing himself as an ecologist, he said, "I think we have to try to learn m ore and m ore of the delicate balance of nature. Anything that disturbs the ecological balance that God created doesn’ work out very well t for us." Nicholas has six grow n children. A son lives in Florida; his five daughters have all m oved to Pleasant Point. The lalesl “moved back from Connecticut last week.” The Governor has 14 grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. "I’ always worked all my life. I got ve married when I was 20, and never slopped working." The Governor reflected. “It’ s a very demanding job, and it requires a lot o f hours. But I would rather keep busy. Since I’ retired, even before I became ve governor, I couldn't g e l enough Lime in a day." HARDWARE & GUN SHOP TOM VICAIRE, Proprietor The only Indian-owned hardware business in the State o f Maine “ We're eager to do business with people in the Indian community,” says Tom. The store carries a full line o f tools, electrical and plumbing supplies, paint and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine new and used guns. See Our Garden Supplies and Tools For all your hardware and hunting needs, visit — MATTAWAMKEAG HARDW ARE & GUN SHOP and sample some good Indian hospitality and service. CONN RIVER, Newfoundland — The Federation of Newfoundland Indians has been wailing seven years for the federal government to officially recognize them. A recent Canadian newspaper report said that when previously independent New foundland became a province in 1949, Indians were left out, largely because they did not live in larger population areas. Canada acknowledges 300,000 other Indians as “registered" under the Indian Act. Although the government has agreed loregister Newfoundland Indians, Calvin White, president of the federation and a S k itik u k ► O u tfitte r s Micmac from Conn River, says officials “have been dragging their feet." Indian Affairs Minister John Munro staled last March that registration would be approved Specialists in wilderness travel. in ten days. Sales - Rentals - Guide Service Said White: “Until we are registered as status Indians, we cannot participate in any H om e of Igas Island custom-made decision-making processes at the National packs and equipment Indian Brotherhood’ general assembly.” s Tw o of Lhc brotherhood’ 70 delegates 38 Main St. s O ro n o 866-4878 would represent Newfoundland Indians. �Wabanaki Alliance December 1980 Page 5 Cohen likely t© choir indlon affairs committee The Rev. Joseph Mullen chats with Passamaquoddy, Irene Lew ey about Christmas wreath business at Pleasant Point. Wreathing prospers PLEASANT POINT - “This has got to be the biggest order in the country. It could be a good income if they use their heads." Thats how Eddie Haddock of Pleasant Point described the current rush to fill a gigantic order for traditional Christmas wreaths. Haddock is in charge of opera tions. The order for 10,000 wreaths — and possibly more — com es from Lambert Brothers, Boston, to be shipped for retail sale. Two brothers were instrumental in landing the contract for Pleasant Point. They are the Rev. Joseph Mullen, of St. Ann's Parish, and his brother Jim Mullen, second in command at Business Service Center, a federal agency in Boston. “We've got a wonderful opportunity if we can just ge t people rolling,” said Father Mullen, who has also persuaded Digital Equipment Corp. to open a small plant in a building on the reservation. Four persons in Eastport, and four in Pembroke, are busy weaving the wreaths as they have for decades. Eddie Haddock’ s wife Elsie is an expert, as are Irene Lewey and Charlie Barnes, all of Pleasant Point. Wreaths vary in diameter from 12 inches to 30 inches, priced accordingly. Haddock is paying the w eavers 50 cents per one foot wreath, $2.50 for the largest size. Profits will be shared with the Church, which needs help on winter fuel bills. But basically, the wreath pi-oduction is to help the people of Pleasant Point reservation." "Before you can get people interested in God, you have to have the necessities,” Father Mullen declared. Recalling early times', Elsie Haddock said, “we used to have a big hall: w e’ d have a lot of fun.” She has made wreaths “every year since I was nine years oid. I learned to trim when I was nine.” Ellsworth firm unpaid by tribe ELLSWORTH — Although Ellsworth iuilders Supply won a favorable judgm ent i court, no one knows how the firm can olleet on an old debt, from Lhe Passamauoddy Tribe at Pleasant Point. The tribal housing authority ow es Ells'orth Builders Supply a reported $7,499, )ut at a recent hearing in Fifth District, }ourt, nobody showed to represent theribe or housing authority. A lawyer for the firm in Ellsworth said he n’ sure how to proceed. “I’ writing Tom t m ureen (tribal lawyer), the Department of iterior, and the Department of Housing id Urban Development. I intend to find jL if anyone can honor this judgm ent,” he as quoted as saying, in the Ellsworth merican. The suit was filed in January when llsworth Builders Supply was unable to illect a balance due. The housing authority id purchased more than $41,000 worth of aterial from the firm, according to the • tide in the American. Tureen had earlier asked that the court smiss the case, on the basis it lacked jurisction over Indians. He told the court llsworth Builders would g e t their money, it would have to wait. Judge Jack Smith denied Tureen's motion to dismiss. Tureen did not show up at the trial, and Smith declared judgm ent in favor of plaintiff, by default. Cohen looks into Township housing BANGOR — The planned construction of 35 new houses at Indian Township is under investigation after an irate bidder charged he and another firm had lower bids than the winning offer, accepted by the tribe and Jam es W. Sewall Co. of Old Town. Key-Loc Hom es of New Hampshire was reportedly willing to construct the federally funded housing project for $262,000 less than the winner, W eslville Hom es of New Hampshire. A ccording to the Bangor Daily News, W eslville H om es accepted money for the job. Sept. 30, at Sewall’ offices. s The N ews said Sen. William S. Cohen, who opposes “hurry-up spending" at the end of a fiscal year, has asked his staff to investigate allegations by Key-Loc, and to contact Departm ent of H ousing and Urban Developm ent officials in Washington. WASHINGTON — A couple of years ago William S. Cohen said he would oppose any extension of the Senate Select Commit toe on Indian Affairs. Now the U.S. Senator from Maine, ranking republican on the panel, is likely to becom e chairman of the committee. Cohen has changed his mind on the com m ittee’ s future. Although Cohen’ Capitol Hill aide, s Timothy Woodcock, said the Senator “has not taken a position on whether to make it a permanent committee.” all indications are that Cohen will chair the panel. Legislation is pending to make the committee permanent. It was introduced last May by com m ittee member. Sen. John Melcher. a Democrat. The Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs will terminate Dec. 31. il Melcher’ bill is not enacted in s the lame duck session of Congress. Said Melcher. "if the responsibility for Indian affairs reverts to a subcom mittee . . . the potential for careful and equitable con sideration of Indian issues will be severely disminished." M ost legislation for the Senate involving Indians passes review by the committee, established Feb. 4,1977. B esides Cohen and Melcher, mem bers are Senators Mark 0. Hatfield. Daniel Inouye, and Dennis DeConcini. Melcher is current chairman. Retired Sen. James Abourezk of South Dakota, a strong advocate of Indian rights, is a past chairman of the committee. When Cohen was added to the com mit tee, he said it would be “very active,” but in an interview with this newspaper, stated he opposed any extension of the panel beyond 1980. W oodcock said Cohen will assess “v/hat benefits it (the committee) holds for the rest of the state. His assessm ent of the function of the committee ... is based in larjre part on t.he legislative load of the committee. When he (Cohen) hrst came on, the com m ittee was goin g through a period o f studied inertia," W oodcock told Wabanaki Alliance. Opposition to extending the Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs comes from Sen. Howard Cannon, a Nevada Democrat, who said the com m ittee was not intended as permanent. However, a com promise could be worked out. Cannon indi cated. Cohen has only sponsored one piece of Indian legislation: The Maine Indian land claims act of 1980. He had earlier been a fierce opponent of awarding land and money to the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes. He claimed the State of Maine could win a legal contest if the claims w ere taken to court. Cohen was elected to the Senate in a defeat of incumbent Sen. William D. Haihaway. a supporter of a negotiated settlement with the tribes. The incoming Republican Presidential administration, and GOP Senate majority, will mean thal one Democrat on the Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs will be replaced by a Republican, W oodcock said. Who will that be, W oodcock was asked. “Who knows," he said. Sockabasin seeks Governor's pardon ORONO — Allen J. Sockabasin, former Indian Township governor, land claims negotiator, and currently director of Tribal Governors Inc., wants a pardon. He is seeking a pardon through Gov. Joseph E. Brennan, who has not. yeL scheduled a date for hearing before the Advisory Board on Executive Clemency. Sockabasin was convicted of arson, in. the attempted burning of Indian Towriship" elemenLiiry sctxrot ,,, .j.or.s. Township governor reflects on claims INDIAN TOW NSHIP - “We had to give and take. xA the negotiators on Il both sides, we both fought hard." That’ how Harold J. Lewey, go v s ernor o f the Passamaquoddy Tribe here, characterized the long stru ggle to resolve the joint tribai claims to 12.5 million acres in Maine. “It’ ju st a m atter of giv e and take; s what we all felt reasonably sure was a good thing,” said the quiet-spoken, lean and ruggedly handsome governor. "N ow the work begins for us. We have to find out from the people where they want to go from here, and that’ s goin g to be a long process. “I don’ think our people have had t much say in Lhe past about their lives,” Lewey, who is 47 years old, com mented. “My people need a constitution,” he said, adding that he has visited several tribes to examine their constitutions. A veteran of 21 years in the military, L ew ey said he has seen a lot of “physical changes” at his rem ote reservation. Hot and cold running water, new housing — “you don’ have t to go out on Lhe lake and chop a hole in the ice,” he said. “But I haven’ seen t very much change in the attitude and opinion of the people. “I see these young people wearing feathers, saying ‘ m Indian’ and they I’ can’ speak the language.” t Gov. Harold J. Lewey. Lew ey left home at age 17, and traveled to Aroostook County, where he worked various farms, and did w oods work. He worked awhile for Pratt & Whitney in Connecticut. He has held jobs as a short order cook, cement factory worker, and his long career in the Military Police Corps. He and his wife Dorris have two children: Matt, 16, a student at Lee Academy, and Martha, 19, a student at University o f Maine at Machias. �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance Decem ber 1980 A summer comp with Indian spirit'There's something special here . . . so much love' Bob Bryan Camp Director Ellen Muslin lets Sandy Getchell nl Mnplctun, a Micnjac camper, decorate her lor festivities the last night of camp, [Hansen photo]. By Robin Hansen SINCLAIR — It is the last night of Maine Indian Summer Camp, and it is raining ever so slightly — a disappoint ment, because the Lcntugs have planned traditional dances from several tribes and the counselors have a bonfire built on the little tongue of land that, pushes out into Mud Lake. The Lentugs dance anyway, in the rain: a round dance, the Mohawk blanket dance, an Iroquois partridge dance, the W ab anaki feather dance. When a dancer, a bov, leans over to catch the father in his tccih. drummer Robin McNea/ exclaims, “Look! They do it different!” because these are not dances taught at camp, but learned at home or at powwows and only being shared now. At Indian Island, one must keep the rhythm, bending over while balancing and bouncing on one foot and catching the feather stuck in the ground, hut-the kids here are from all over Maine and New Brunswick, and som e of them simply place their feet wide and lean over to catch the feather. Down by the water the Quimo are setting tiny candle boats afloat, but. the candles are doused by the rain almost as soon as they are set sail. “It's all right," Director Ellen Mustin com forts the cam p ers. “You can send your w ishes off tomorrow morning — ." The rain begins to pour down in earnest and cam pers and counselors alike retreat to their cabins for the night. The rain ended a day of Olympics, banqueting, and awards, and three weeks of learning, sports and friendship. It also ended the tenth year of the Quebcc-Labrador Foundation's Camp Karawanee — probably the only recreational camp in the Northeast aimed specifically at Indian children and youth. For campers it has been three w eeks of learning new skills — som e Indian, som e not Indian — and living with children from other communities, other tribes. F o p the many i 12 nearly half the camp) cam pers who live in white communities, it has been a time to learn how Indians behave, to learn on a small scale how Indian society works, and to learn from their Indian counselors how to do crafts the Indian way. For counselors, it has been a time to lead, to teach, and to be in a position of responsibility for groups of younger children — a position sometim es hard for Indian youth to attain in white society or in Indian communities where authority is for lacrosse, the lake seem s to stretch like a welcoming hand out from it. Small wonder swimming and canoeing are the main sports. Mustin, who at home is a Latin and physical education teacher, teaches canoe ing and bagatowea (lacrosse) herself. She demands and ge ts disciplined canoeing skills from her .crew. In the Mud Lake Olympics the last day the canoe races started on land: com petitors carried their canoes to the lake edge, pushed off, turned around, swam ped their canoes in kneedeep water, emptied and righted them, climbed back on board and followed a slalom course. One of the counselors lost a point by not getting in according to form, but everyone else did all right. Maine Indian Summer Camp is held for five weeks each summer — the first two for children 8 to 12 years old, the second three for the 12-15 age group. The camp is paid for by the Quebec-Labrador Founda tion, and except for transportation costs, is free for campers. Besides sports and crafts, the camp offers a variety of specials by visiting experts. This year, Bill Bryan, scout for the Pittsburgh Pirates, offered a baseball workshop; Andrea Nicholas from the Tobique Reserve (New Brunswick) helped teach leatherwork; Pat and Rilda Daigle of Fort Kent had a wrestling and gymnastics workshop; Kevin Neilson of UMO helped the campers with basketball skills, and Carmine and Andy Jandreau of Caribou had a square dance session at the camp. The cam pers went blueberrying and raspberry picking, visited Wells-in-theRocks in Grand Falls, N.B., the paper mill in Madawaska, and attended local theatre in Fort Kent. One of the feaLures of the older session is a four-day canoe trip from Mud Lake through C ross Lake to Square Lake. Dr. Peter Paul of Woodstock, N.B., visited the first session of camp to talk with young campers about old times in Maine and to pass on legends and Indian words. His visit inspired the cam pers to provide several legends as skits the last often applied from outside. It speaks well of the camp that most of the Indian counselors have been campers, and most, are either in college on on their way there. Early in the morning, before anyone else is awake, an Indian song, shouted by Camper Tony Clement of Pleasant Point Kineo Tompkins, a little Micmac boy gets ready to send an arrow toward the whose m other is the camp cook and nurse: mark. Archery was one of the traditional “Hey-ey yah! hey ey yah-ah! hey ey-yahskills taught at Maine Indian Summer ah!" It go es on and on, ringing across the Camp. [Hansen photo]. lake in the misty m orning air, wonderfully romantic, waking everyone up. Later a cam per tells me that it isn't planned that The camp — people and site — is way. “Kineo wakes us up every morning, beautiful but for the communities of lie always sings an Indian song, and it's Indian Island and Pleasant Point it is also always the same song. Sometimes I wish very remote. Maine Indian Summer Camp he'd shut up." is held in Sinclair, in the northernmost tip But it is part of the Indian feeling of the of Aroostook county. Its rem oteness has camp that no one told Kineo to shut. up. limited participation from the southern Both campers and counselors treated reservations. This year there w ere three Kineo and his little brother — and one cam pers and one counselor from Pleasant another — with a gentleness uncommon Point and two cam pers from Orono — among white children. It was not unusual compared to nine from W oodstock, New to see a twelve or thirteen year old Brunswick, and 11 from Aroostook towns. comfortably hang an arm around his coun This year, Ellen Mustin wanted to arrange selor's neck or to hear som eone tenderly a m eeting of representatives from Indian recount an incident illustrating another’ s Island, Indian Township and Pleasant personality. There was no cruel teasing, Point to start looking for a m ore central and much tolerance. QLF founder Bob site, but apparently it was too far even for Bryan, who visited during the last session the representatives, because no one came. remarked on it — “There’ something night of camp, s special here. There’ so much love — s It couldn’ be easy to keep an Indian t spirit in a camp where the director is a white from Ipswich, Massachusetts, and the money com es from a church-oriented white foundation. It helps that the white is Ellen Mustin and that the foundation is the Quebec-Labrador Foundation (QLF), known for its ability to supply money and aims and let the community carry the action. Of course there are “Indian” cam ps all over New England, mainly for white outof-state children, but the emphasis is different. There the white culture is inborn and the Indian culture com es from books. Here the Indian-ness com es with the cam pers and t.he counselors, and the QLF staff has been careful not to push book ideas of Indian-ness. One of the stated aims of QLF is to preserve traditional crafts and skills; Mustin thinks the camp helps to prom ote this. The Indian crafts taught — beadwork, birchwork and ash splint basketry, leatherwork, fingerweaving — com e from counselors and visiting Native American Counselor Robin McNeal, a UMA student from Caribou, talks with nurse/cook Pat experts. Because the camp itself is so tiny, with 6 Tompkins [left). Ricky Pelkey of Woodstock, N.B., a Maliseet camper, hangs on. by 10 foot cabins and a clearing too small [Hansen photo]. �Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980 Page 7 Campers frolic Bear Hansen, a Ojibwe camper from W est Bath, finishes up a splint basket made of brown ash. Ash splint basketry was one of the traditional skills taught at the Maine Indian Summer Camp run by the Quebec Labrador Foundation at Sinclair. [Hansen photo]. Aroostook Notes By Brenda Polchies CARIBOU — Elizabeth Zernicke, a member o f the Association of Aroostook Indians at Caribou, recently returned from a three week training session at the Black Hills Training Center in Rapid City, South Dakota. The Indian Health Service program at Princeton sponsored Zernicke to improve her efficiency as Community Health Rep resentative dealing with the Indian people in Aroostook County. Segm ents o f the training session included how to work with people, how to deal with emergencies, a session on psychology and defensive driving was featured. M embers of the Indian community from Maine, Arizona, Oklahoma, Wisconsin, and New Mexico were invited to participate in this health workshop. At completion of the workshop, Zernicke is officially certified to act as Com munity Health R epresentative for the Indian Health Service. High school honors Passamaquoddy man PLEASANT POINT - Decem ber 22nd is touched with tragedy for the family of Ralph and Hazel Dana. On that day, in 1975, their son, Glen, was killed in an auto accident. He was an outstanding student at Kents Hill, a Maine boarding school. Last June, when daughter Marilyn graduated at Kents Hill, a special award was announced for Glen Dana, to be pre sented annually to a student who dem on strates excellence. Glen was “gifted with humor and understanding," according to his father. Now another m em ber of the family, Ralph Edward Dana, a junior high honor roll student, wants to attend Kents Hill. Ralph Sr. says the school is a wonderful place that makes the whole family feel welcome and included. Joe Sapiel of Pleasant Point climbed aloft for his role in a skit the last night of camp. His mouth looks funny because he has a lollipop in it. [Hansen photo]. island street honors William Newell, 88 INDIAN ISLAND - William B. Newell, Penobscot, will celebrate his 88th birth day, Dec. 17. He is the oldest male resident o f Indian Island. . A retired professor of anthropology, Newell and his wife, Celina, live at 5 Riverview Drive. His Indian name, Rolling Thunder, was recently assigned to a new street, in a Penobscot Indian Housing Authority project. \ i watch each pass and hands in gentle voices mirroring each to the east i watch each pass mirror-ing each yearnings beyond m ere vision in my ey es (we) appear A sex y jo b ? Professor Newell, a graduate of Syra cuse Universtiy, is listed in Who’ Who in s New England, and W ho’ Who in the East. s He. earned his master’ degree from -Uni s, versity of Pennsylvania. He is a member of American Academy o f Political and Social Sciences, American Association of University Professors, and American Anthropological Association. A daughter, Diane Newell Wilson and family, are also Indian Island residents. Poetry disappear other watching other to here the north & south grown lantern hills & easterner islands estuaries incarnate som ew here som eone thinks of you love/belongs/heals she stands : strength surrounds care-less she runs to leaves falling, falling Ihyeyes in auto mishap fallen glim pse now villages & tribes & nations no where one have you returned no one or eternity in reverse-in: time wells open & where in turnstiles yet leaning and glim pse thine your eyes som ewhere each watching each & mirrors return your eyes, (we) stand belong-ing “fall, forgotten dreams your years : these lies & “in green-ness of leaves & wind blossom s flying each to each within to an image of your face V ______ ORONO — Being a board m em ber of this newspaper is probably not very sexy, but it can be interesting and rewarding. — W abanaki Alliance holds-monthly- m eet ings, where board members review edit orial material and set the policy and direction of the newspaper. Board m em bers are paid mileage for com ing to meetings. In particular, board mem bers are needed from Pleasant Point, to replace John L. Bailey and Reuben (Clayton) Cleaves; and from Indian Township, to succeed Albert Dana. A successor on the board for Gov. Timothy Love is needed, and interested Penobscots should contact the governor’ s office. Judge injured in swollen expanses & small diminishing wings our eagle returns in grace & creature turmoil wherein “slender-willowed wishes , once for a while som eone thinks of you Camper Ricky Pelkey of Woodstock, N.B., a Maliseet, pulls up a macrame knot in a spontaneous early m orning craft session in the dinning hall. Several kinds cf traditional beadwork w ere taught at Maine Indian Summer Camp, but the campers also like the non-Indian way of working beads into bracelets. Another cam per is finishing up a loom-beaded braclet at left. [Hansen photo]. where i have seen your face & eyes — G eorge Tom er y PLEASAN T POINT - Recently appointed tribal court Judge Reuben C. (Clayton) Cleaves was seriously injured in a one car auto mishap last month. He has been hospitalized at Eastern Maine Medical Center since the accident, which occurred at the intersection of Route 1 and Route 190. Details of the accident w ere not known to the Pleasant Point Police Department, but the driver o f the vehicle was said to be Brenda Moore of Pleasant Point, who failed to negotiate a turn at. Route 1 The vehicle reportedly . struck an embankment. Besides Cleaves, there were at least two passengers in the vehicle, according to unofficial reports. A sso cia te J u d g e S h irley Bailey of Pleasant Point — who was recently hos pitalized for surgery — has taken over Cleaves' duties, which include handling court cases at Indian Township, the sister Passamaquoddy reservation near Prince ton. Cleaves is expected to resum e his duties at a later date. He has served as director of the tribal housing authority, and represen tative to the state legislature, for the tribe. �Page S Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980 Iribei court orders eviction of Micmac widow Letter supports Isabelle Shay j Perth, New Brunswick Dear Governor and Council: As Wabanaki women of the Tobique . Reserve we would like to register our opposition to the eviction of Isabelle Shay from her home at Indian Island. As we understand it there have been many precedents at Indian Island where a non-Penobscot spouse has been allowed to live in his home after the death of the Penobscot spouse, even in cases where the surviving spouse was not adopted by the Tribe. Not only have un-adopted Indian men and women of other tribes been allowed to remain after the death of their Penobscot spouses but so also have non-Indian spouses been allowed to remain, unharassed by tribal auth orities. These precendents are too well known to need listing here. In addition, if Isabelle is successfully evicted she will have no place to go, no reservation to return to, since the Canadian government under its dis criminatory Indian Act no longer recogni7.es Isabelle as an Indian on account of her marriage to Pat Shay. (Indian men in Canada can marry whomever they please and still be considered Indians, but Indian women lose their Indian status if they marry non-Indians or non-Canadian Indians. They cannot regain Indian status even after divorce or widowhood, except by remarriage to another Canadian In dian.) Ho do not mention the Indian Act here to defend it. On the contrary, Indian women in Canada have been protesting against the Indian Act in its present form for many years. W e only mention it to point out how severe the consequences of eviction will be for Isabelle Shay. Considering these facts together with the many precedents that have been set on your reservation regarding the rights of surviving spouses we can only conclude that the m ove to evict Isabelle Shay is both unfair and cruel. We ask that you reconsider her case in light of these points. We are asking for Justice at least, if not compassion. Furthermore, we would like to suggest that Penobscot laws be chang ed to prevent such harassment of native women in the future. Whether adopted or not, native spouses both male and female should have the security of knowing that upon the death of their Penobscot spouse they will at least have survivors rights to their family home. Such adaptation of a standard practice (Maine law?) would not endanger Penobscot land, and it would be more humane and m ore con sistent with Wabanaki traditions than the present harassment of widows in their \ime of bereavement. Sincerely, The Wabanaki Women of Tobique (Henna Pertey. Eva Soulis, Andrea Bear Nicholas, Cheryl Bear, Heather Bear. Barbara Nicholas, Sandra Love lace.. Bernie Perloof, Sharon C. Paul, Mrs. Louis Sappier, Lilly Harris, Loretta Perley, Theresa Perley (Hart), Mrs. Francis Paul. Edith Sappier, Paula Sisson, Sandra Nicholas, Juanita Perley, Connie Nicholas. iNDLAN ISLAND — W hether Isabelle T. Shay could remain in the house she has occupied for the past few months was still up in the air, as Wabanaki Ailiance went to press. Tribal Gov. Timothy Love says no. Shay says yes. Governor Love states it is “the custom of the tribe" to take care of widows, or any woman on the Island regardless o f tribal affiliation, but that such person must not abuse the tribe's hospitality. Love says Shay is inhabiting the house of her late husband, Patrick Shay, in violation of a court order. Patrick Shay was Penobscot; his widow' is a Micmac and native of Nova Scotia. Complicating m atters is that Patrick Shay owned only a share of the property, and there are many heirs. Also, Shay adopted Isabelle Shay's son, Karl Toney, who now lives with bis m other and attends Indian Island elementary school. .-The latest development was the arrest of Isabelle Shay at her residence. She was subsequently bailed at $150, with a tribal court hearing set Dec. 17. Isabelle Shay was ordered Nov. 6, by Penobscot Nation tribal court, to vacate the house. Love signed the removal papers. In an interview with this newspaper, the Governor said he offered Shay the chance to stay on the reservation, either with Alberta Francis, or Edna Becker. Both women expressed a willingness to help Isabelle Shay. A handwritten note from Love to Shay said, “Isabelle, if you can find another place to live in on the reservation, you may stay under life estate custom of the tribe . . . but legal proceedings will continue until you vacate your present dwelling.” Shay rejected the suggestion. “Because Governor Tim Love is a m em ber o f the Shay family, I sensed this was a ploy to have me leave -r in other words I sensed that he was trying to scare me out so his family would not pressure him.” she said in a statement dated Nov. 21. I am here out. of deep concern for Karl’ future and to protect his legitimate s right to be placed on the Penobscot list, as was his father's wish. Clearly both Karl and I are both eligible and qualified," Shay stated. Love, however, said Shay’ chances of s adoption into the Penobscot tribe are very slim because of her adversary position with tribal leadership. Love said the tribe had rented a cabin at a Milford motel for Shay and her son. "W e’ going to pay for it for a few days, re and after that, that’ it." he said. s Shay said that at first. Patrick Shay’ s son, Timothy Shay, cooperated with her. but later apparently testified against her, behind closed doors. The younger Shay also reportedly smashed the windows of a car parked at the Shay residence. Shay was angry that he had not been given the car, as was the understanding, according to Love. Shay claims other damaging testimony came from Lawrence Shay and Emma Francis, both Penobscot relatives of Patrick Shay. Just prior to his death. June 4, Patrick Shay named his wife executrix, and revoked all prior wills, Isabelle Shay claims. She said that in tribal court, she was tried as a Penobscot, but denied a Penobscot’ rights. s At a court session several months ago, covered by this newspaper, tribal Judge Andrew Mead stated, “there will be no attempt to legally oust her," and he expressed hope there would be no “con frontation" in this “volatile situation.” At that point, Timothy Shay had apparently given written permission for Isabelle Shay to stay in the house, and Beverly Spencer o f Old Town, represent ing Emma Francis and other heirs, said “I moved for dismissal because it appears the son has at least one-seventh interest.” Spencer said he wanted to “work out differences.” Judge Mead dismissed the case. Paul Zendzian, representing Isabelle Shay, commented, “I certainly hope that the parties resolve the dispute between them selves in an amicable manner that will be to the satisfaction of all parties, and that ultimately if the court is to be someday faced with this question of life estates ... that it’ a neat, clean, straight s definition of sole ownership.” On Nov. 6, Judge Mead signed an order of removal, giving Isabelle Toney Shay 15 days to leave the reservation, or face a $100 line, or up to a 60 day jail sentence. “Let it be known that I am and always have been willing to com prom ise,” Shay wrote. Her conditions are as follows: I will leave voluntarily only on these conditions. 1 ThaL a Genera! Meeting is called . with the Lt. Governor presiding as chairman since Gov. Love is biased due to extrem e family pressures. 2. Traditional customs in tribal courts be learned by lawyers repre senting native people, and that Legal representation be provided for those wishing it before tribal governments. 3. ThaL I will trade the Shay’ s residence for a home o f my own so that I am not sentenced to live out my life estate shuffling from one family’ attic s to another family's basement. This will make me a parasite and my goal in life is to be a productive and creative m em ber of society. 4. That the census com m ittee review my eligibility to becom e a tribal m em ber without prejudice or tribal discrimination. 5. That my son's life estate is not jeopardized by Gov. Love’ ruling. s 8. Laws regarding surviving spouses be clearly outlined so that their harass ment cease forever! 7. A committee be set up to protect children’ legal inheritance. s Council turns down Dr. Baumann-Neison INDIAN ISLAND — Dr. Eunice Baumann-Nelson, terminated several months ago as director of tribal health and social services, narrowly lost a bid to have her case reviewed. A Penobscot, Baumann-Neison came before the Penobscot tribal council recent ly to plead her case, along with Denise Mitchell, who lost her job as deputy administrator in the health center. The two women lost their jo b s in a dispute with the late Gov. Wilfred Pehrson and the tribal council. The dispute concerned authority, payments for travel expenses, and confidentiality of clients. In the recent’meeting, the council voted to reconsider the matter, after BaumannNeison promised she would drop charges in tribal court if she was offered her job back. She said she would waive lost pay. But the following evening, after hearing additional evidence, the tribal council voted not to reconsider the case. Alan Sanborn, former medical records clerk for the health center, was hired as director under a reorganized management plan. In the wake of this action, BaumannNeison told Wabanaki Alliance she would continue to fight for her job through tribal court. She and Mitchell have won a finding from Maine Human Rights Commission that they were subject to jo b discrimina tion. CAN’ FIND A JOB? T Try the JOB CORPS Would you like to be trained as a ... Bookkeeper Secretary/SLenographer Clerk Typist Nursing Assistant If you are 16 to 21 and not in school, the Penobscot Job Corps Center has training programs which may be of interest to you. The Penobscot Job Corps Center provides all trainees with a place to live, meals, health care and a cash monthly stipend while you learn. And when you finish, we'll also help you find a job. SOUND GOOD? IT IS GOOD. MICMAC READERS — These youngsters at Eskasoni Reserve, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, pause on their motorbikes to catch up on the news. ASK FOR JOB CORPS — in the Portland area— 775-7225 — in the Auburn area— 786-4190 — in the Bangor area— 947-0755 — or toll free anywhere in Maine at 1-800-432-7307 ASK FOR JOB CORPS RECRUITM ENT �Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980 Page 9 Ambulance corps ready to serve community New Pleasant Point Police Chief Don Lem os looks over ambulance with Mary Graham, in charge of ambulance service. New police chief enthusiastic PLEASANT POIN T - Newly hired tribal Police Chief Don Lem os thinks “people have got to understand law en forcement,” before they can be expected to abide by tribal laws. In his administration of the force, Lemos, who lives in Eastport, hopes to help tribal members see the need and benefit of good law enforcement. A native of New Bedford, Mass., Lemos attended the University of Kansas, and graduated from University of Maine at Presque Isle. Rights panel rules on Isaac case M IL L IN O C K E T — M aine Human Rights Commission has found reasonable grounds for alleging unlawful discrimina tion, in the case of Mary Francis Isaac, a Penobscot who claimed she was harassed and subjected to an unfair job transfer. Last year, Isaac was transferred from her job as Millinocket town office bookkeeper/payroll clerk, to secretary for the public works department. Isaac contacted the commission in October 1979, filing a complaint alleging discrimination on the part of Town Manager William Ayoob. In Isaac's case, the commission stated that slurs and other remarks Ayoob made, in reference to Isaac’ Indian heritage, s constituted reasonable grounds to believe that unlawful discrimination has occurred. A solution through negotiation with the town was recommended. Fellow town em ployee Sally Boutaugh — who also filed a complaint — won a job as Ayoob’ executive secretary. She ac s cepted the position. Boutaugh successfully alleged she was abruptly transferred from the secretary job to fill Isaac’ slot as s bookkeeper, without required interview. The commission said such action violated a code of fair practice and affirmative action. Houlton Band joins TGI ORONO — The newly formed Houlton Band of Maliseets. slated to receive 5,000 acres in the land claims settlement, has joined Tribal Governors Inc., according to TGI director Allen J. Sockabasin. Also joining — after quitting for a period of several months — is the Penob scot Nation at Indian -Island. TGI is a lobbying and funding agency for Maine Indians, with tribal representatives serv ing on a board of directors. The Houlton Band is party to the $81.5 million settlem ent of Penobscot-Passamaquoddy claims. The tribes originally' sought return of 12.5 million acres. He started in the ch iefs slot about a month ago. His comment: “I love it.” Lem os has started off with a “safe street campaign," and has other ideas. Since Pleasant Point Passam aquoddys now have their own court system, Lem os spent two days at a U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs seminar on tribal law, in Washington, D.C. Lem os said he has spent many years as a criminal investigator, and has also worked in alcoholic rehabilitation. Al ready he has earned a “good guy” reputa tion by buying a sandwich for those persons arrested. He said he will treat people well, as long as they respect police. Lem os worked two years, from guard to associate warden, at Mississippi State Prison. He has ordered bunks for the reservation’ tw o holding cells. s Along with new procedures, Lemos plans intensive training within the de partment, new equipment such as camera and fingerprint kit, and a new cruiser. The department includes six regular officers, a secretary/clerk, and six dis patchers. W orking with Lem os are, Sgt. Don Rice, Lt. Gilbert Tomah, Karl Richter, Dick Sockabasin and Francis Sapiel, Jr. Arson p r o b e d PLEASAN T POINT - A fire Nov. 5 gutted the large residence here of Joseph Mitchell. The state fire marshall’ office s has ruled arson in the case, and Police Chief Don Lem os said he anticipated an arrest. An insurance adjustor for the Pleasant Point housing authority said, after his investigation, he had "no idea” of the estimated dam age to the property, located across the street from the fire house. M o rey on task force ORONO — Freeman Morey, an out reach worker for Central Maine Indian Association, was named recently to mem bership on the Governor’ task force on s foster care. Morey was asked to join the newly formed com m ittee by Michael R. Petit, com missioner of Maine Department o f Human Services. A $ 1 ,5 0 0 payoff The Northern Cheyenne tribe of Mon tana is waiting for a $6 million dollar payment from ARCO Company for rights to explore for oil and gas on the reserva tion. This money will be disbursed to tribal m em bers who will each receive $1,500. PLEASAN T POINT - Passamaquoddy Ambulance Corps, a volunteer organiza tion, is fully equipped and ready to serve the residents of Pleasant Point and surrounding communities. The corps is headed by Mary Graham, who holds a degree in nursing, is a registered em ergency medical technician (EMT), with 12 years’experience. She has co-ordinated extensive training programs, such as Crash Injury Management, with assistance of various doctors in the immediate area. The crash injury course consists of: Overview of body and diagnostic signs. Burns and exposure to heat and cold. Air way care and pulmonary resuscita tion. Poison ingestion and drug abuse. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Shock, bleeding and soft tissue injuries. Fractures and dislocations. Injuries to skull, spine, chest and pelvis. Patient handling. Patient exam and triage (protocol). Heart attack, stroke, diabetes and epilepsy. E m ergency childbirth. Accident scene. Gaining access to patient. Field training I and II. This extends to 140 hours the state requirem ents of 40 hours. The graduates Commencement was held Aug. 8, at the office of tribal Gov. Robert. Newell, with Lt. Gov. Clive Dore presenting diplomas to the following: Joseph S. Nicholas, Alberta Francis LPN, Melvina Francis, Mary L. Barnes, Jo-An Moore LPN. and Robert Mendoza, all of Pleasant Point. Guests present at the cerem onies were: Hazel Dana, tribal nurse: Dr. Devlin, Eastport Health Care; Cozy Nicholas, Board of Directors: Brother Larry Smith, cle rg y / a d v iso r: M adonna Soctom ah. Health Services; Judy Morang, chair person Board of Directors; Valerie Emery, Court Administrator. The Pleasant Point Ambulance Corps wishes to especially thank Dr. French, M.D., Paul Claroni, PA, and William Young, PA, for their concern and partici pation, and continuing support of Mary Graham, in establishing training, and up grading the corps m em bers’skills. Additional thanks are due to the Pleasant Point Health Committee for obtaining portable radios for the corps to use as standby for volunteers, Graham said. M ig ra n t harvesters Sherman Beattie, left, and Maj'nard Poulette, w ere hitch-hiking from blueberry fields downeast, to potato harvest up north, when Allen Sockabasin, Passamaquoddy, picked them up this fall near Bangor and bought them lunch. Beattie, 26, is an Ojibway from Long Plains Reserve, Manitoba. Poulette, 21, is a Micmac from Eskasoni, Cape Breton. Nova Scotia. “If I ge t enough money I’ goin g to m aybe buy a car," Poulette said. m Indian Program SOCIAL WORK AND COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, is interested in applications from American Indian students and human service w orkers for the degree of: M ASTER OF SOCIAL WORK Fall of 1981 (Applications Accepted until February 1.1981) With the passage of the Indian Child Welfare Act and with the prom ise of Public Law 93-638, the Indian Self-Determination Act, Indian Professionals are needed to work among Indian populations on reservations, in rural and urban areas. The School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley beginning in 1981, will offer a M aster’ D egree program of instruction and field training geared s to the needs and concerns of Indian populations. For information please contact: Elaine Walbroek School of Social Welfare 120 I-Iaviland Hall University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 (415)642-3228 (call collect) Applicants must have a bachelor's degree and an acceptable undergraduate grade point average. Financial assistance is available for those accepted to the program. �BlO Wabanaki Alliance December 1980 Book Nook >enobscot Children and Their World By The Children of Indian Island ehool. Copyright 1980, Indian Island ehool Committee. Printed by Old 'own/Orono Times. 100 pages. Bv Steve Cartwright Inless you hale children, I guarantee i will find pleasure in reading a book lpo.sed entirely of the writing, photophs and graphics of Penobscot Indian tils at the Indian Island elementary 'he students, guided (but not bossed) teachers David Thibodeau and Sister • resa Rand, have created a delicious .bound volume that is a mixture of mds, anecdotes and poems; lavishly United by young artists. Som e stories, ie pictures, are better than others — ’laying definite budding talent — but efforts in the collection are sincere, mand touching. 'he students’names form a proud list at end of the book, and it is clear m ost of m took an active part in production. >t of the work in the book is identified author. Keane Francis, Jamie Knapp John King w ere especially hard kers on the project. he students’ book is dedicated to their l community, Indian Island, and that dty and pride shine through on 100 es. The reader realizes that these kids >y their heritage and are comfortable jg Indians with a past and a future, he Penobscot youngsters deserve to e their book compared to the work of it W igginton and the “Foxfire" series, ch consist of researching, interviewing explaining regional culture and diafirst section deals with "Our Legends Stories," and Lee Ann DeCora relates r it was years ago: “The bridge wasn’ t ? then, and the river was clean. But l the bride came and other things iged. Some of the new things are good I am glad we have them. But when I * stories of what the children did, I i I could bo like Lee and Lyle in my y" 'rites Susan Thompson, below an 'opriate illustration (a line drawing by ie Knapp): “There was once a very ly little girl who ate lots and lots of wberries when they first started to som. Since everyone always saw her mong the strawberry blossoms, they ded to name her ‘ Strawberry Blos som.’ That is how one little girl got her name, and later that became her clan’ s name. So it was with many tribes and peoples long ago." In another section, “Their W ords of Wisdom,” students interviewed two elder ly Penobscot women, Grace Nicola and Evelyn (Madas) Sapiel. Students wrote: “In the olden days the children spent m ost of their time helping the elders for ju st a couple of pennies (or even for free!). They would ‘ pick rocks,’ plant and dig potatoes, weed lettuce, and dig berries. They also chopped wood and brought it in for the fire. And when they weren’ working they would spent their t time playing gam es together that they made up and ‘ invented’ parts for them selves.” An accurate, informative chapter on animal tracks and tracking follows, with paw prints so you could use it as a guide. The student authors and publishers got a first hand lesson in the printing business from David Wollstadt, publisher of The Old Town/Orono Times, and printer of their book. Sister Theresa said Wollstadt was generous and helpful. Another generous soul was Dr. Edward (Sandy) Ives, who heads the Northeast Archives of Folklore at University of Maine at Orono. A note of gratitude says Ives "helped in teaching us som e tricks of the trade of interviewing.” The first publication of this book was supported by a one time grant, so un fortunately, we may not have a volume II this year. Let’ hope the school finds a s way to make this a continuing project. The greatest current problem for outsiders interested in the book is that copies were distributed to all tribal members, and unless there is a reprinting, the book is essentially already out of print. Sister Theresa said interested persons may contact the school about the book, but at this point, there are no plans for a second printing. Bears Maine has many bears in its woods. And we have some bears ight here on Indian Island. But we do not have as many as they id years ago because there are so many people living here now. besides, people have hunted the bear for meat and furs for undreds of years. The thing I like to think about when I think of bears is what it lust be like to hibernate. Some people say bears sleep all winter nd never wake up until spring. But other people say they do Clarence Francis, flanked by wife, Violet, and Lawrence [Billy] Shay of Indian Islan Island man on abuse fean INDIAN ISLAND — The co-founder of Clarence Francis said he had one sli the Alcoholics Anonymous chapter here, several years after he gave up the bottli Clarence Francis, has been named to the He drank less than two beers, and the state Board of Registration of Substance doesn't remember a thing for several daj Abuse Counselors. afterward. He knows he must hav Francis, a Penobscot, was sworn in, this consumed a great deal o f liquor. That w; month, at Superior Court in Bangor. The the only relapse. newly-formed panel, which will review Clarence, 69, and Violet, 74, helpt and license counselors across the state, start the Senior Citizens organization which held its first m eeting Nov. 13, in Indian Island, and Violet is a pa Winthrop. The appointment expires Jan president. uary 1983. Clarence can recall working as a wati Francis said he firmly believes in the boy for the Bangor and Aroostook Ra need to set standards for alcoholism and road, earning 25 cents per hour. Later 1 drug abuse counseling. “That’ the idea,” s was promoted. "W e laid steel (track) fro he said, “get som eone in who’ goin g to do s Northern Maine Junction right throug the job, not ju st someone who puts in a clear to Medway, and down as far : couple of hours for the pay envelope.” Prospect.” By, 1982. all official substance abuse He worked at Moose River sh< counselors in Maine will have to be company in Bangor, as a handsewer, ai licensed by the state. he worked in M assachusetts shoe shop Wabanaki Corporation o f Orono, an He served 39 months in the U.S. A agency offering such counseling to In Force, much of that time in the Europe; dians, has provisional certification. theater. World War II. He married Viol With his wife, Violet, Francis founded in 1947, in Milford. Later he did woo cutting and other jobs. the local AA chapter 21 years ago this month. At the time, the only other chapter They have one step-daughter, Nan< Loring. was in Brewer, where the Francis’ first joined the organization at the suggestion of Tom Shay, a Penobscot living in the Boston area. Half W ay House Directoi As Clarence recalls a day m ore than two decades ago, “He (Shay) came dressed up A half way house program for reco^ like a minister in his little car. I .was still ering Indian alcoholics requires dire' ossified, and my wife was going to commit tor immediately. herself to the state hospital. W e w ere Applicants should have experience i bankrupt in every way, financially, moral half way house administration an ly ...” counseling techniques, and have The couple has helped dozens of people familiarity with Indian culture. since then, through the AA group, that Salary negotiable. m eets every Friday, 8 p.m., at St. Ann’ s Send resum e to: Church rectory. Clif Saunders “It’ made us feel that it’ beginning to s s Executive Director pay off,” said Violet Francis, who says she B o s t o n In d ia n C o u n c il still sees alcoholism as one of the most 105 South Huntington Avenue destructive forces on the reservation. She Jamaica Plain, Mass. 02130 spoke of “miracle cases;” people who have rebuilt their lives after the ravages of drink. Well aware o f pitfalls, Violet said “there is no guarantee" of sobriety, but “I don’ t miss it, I don’ hanker for it.” Everyone I t ALCOHOLISM COUNSELOR has problems, and “we’ m ore able to I An individual to serve Native Amer re think them out sober.” cans and others in the Southern Main I area (York, Cumberland, Oxford, A j droscoggin, Sagadahoc, and Lincol I Counties) with emphasis on the greatt DAY CARE HEAD TEACHER | Portland Metorpolitan area. Nath Passamaquoddy Indian Day Care American background and Maine Stal Princeton Maine Center m ----------------------- -m �Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980 Page 1 1 Hints for Health Poetry By Dr. Fenn Welch Penobscot Health & Social Services Priceless Peace hJof Beauty so much around us And over the hilltops here Where could a man g o farther And find a peace m ore true? Info a city, into a crowd Into the smoke filled alleys Out and out some m ore until Somcthere the heart will rally. c<3^ p e 1 \j o o 4_V v<l A Song I am singing to myself. And, I am hearing the birds sing to me. I am walking through the woods to see if I can find som e raccoons. Like as a pill or a long lost one To a dying man the woods m ust com t Bringing thence to the heartsick soul A peace more rare than a white man’ gold. s There they are!" I am goin g to g e t them. Oh, they got away! For gold won't heal and a peace well sought Will bring to the soul a quiet lot Of the woods, the flowers, a Liny brook Where few men where God will look. What do I hear? I hear my drums! I have to go now — To the son g of my drum. The handwork of a saint above Where we may rest and know w e’ loved re Where we may well find peace and rest Whatever we are, we know tis blest To us mankind. -the w.MKjq 1 -'fUeq caw b drive v *-iis 1 4-Wt- U s h i £ A l( £*£. (JC V m e.t\f i L -V TWO DAYS LATER.... / "TWe deN-fisV Stv'ic) / u e should lea,<TN U ’''TView's /+ -£> sF o? Ke_ON<iJs d e.caj .1 0r- e vuC \ Q3 _?ta.\r- VU .T-fec-ph . -E ' r i d i c u l cj u s ! \ -rke. + .£-{-W I am home! Shannon Sapiel D. D’ Am boise THAT EVENING___ v. Mills: Olympics to life insurance SACRAMENTO, Calif. — Billy Mills, a Sioux Indian raised on a reservation in South Dakota, was born into a family tenaciously holding onto its pride and dignity despite the day-to-day stru ggle for existence. Billy lost both parents by the tim e he was 13 and was education at a BIA boarding school. He carried with him the memory of his father as a sym bol of dignity. Billy received an athletic schol arship to University of Kansas w here he graduated in physical education in 1962. Mills grew into manhood harboring a desire to win for himself, as well as to win recognition for his people. His deter mination drove him to work in college to qualify for the 1960 Olympic team in the 10,000-meter run. He failed to make it that year but with renewed vigor he began running 110 miles a week. In 1964 he qualified for the Olympic team and entered the race with a 1,000 to 1 chance of winning. Overcoming these odds, Billy went on to create an upset in Olympic Game history. He was not only the first American Indian, but the first American ever to win a Gold Medal in the 10,000 m eter race. Billy is still the only American to have won that honor. Mills was a m em ber of the com m ittee for the 1968 and 1972 Olympic Games. He is currently a m em ber of the President’ s Council on Physical Fitness. Mills has given som e time and energy to guiding the developm ent of the Indian youth. He has been in community services of various types and is a m em ber of the public speakers bureau of Sports Illus trated. He has addressed diverse audi ences on business, governm ent and aca demic matters, Indian associations, tribal governm ents and religious groups. A gymnasium and a Post Office building in Pine Ridge, South Dakota have been named after Mills. Mills has traveled in the U.S., Canada. South America, W estern and Eastern Europe, Russia, Scandinavia and Japan. He served in the U.S. Marine Corps. Mills is now a life insurance underwriter for Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company and lives in Sacramento, Cali fornia with his wife and their three daughters. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Owned Homes For Sale in Washington County Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY Main Sfcfeet, Baring, Maine 3 bedroom, 2-car garage — $500.00 D.P. $28,500.00 — 9 Academy Street, Calais, Maine 4 bedroom, ready to m ove into. Reduced to $28,500.00 — $500.00 D.P. Summer Street, Calais, Maine 4 bedroom, new heating system — $22,900.00 — $500.00 D.P. Indian Way By William B. Newell EDITOR’ NOTE: William B. Newell, a S Penobscot, resides at Indian Island. A retired professor, he is contributing a column on Indian ways. In the field of science the American Indians were especially clever. Zero was invented a thousand years before the Arabians came out within the Old World. The calendar system of the Maya was far superior to our own system and much more accurate. The first people to develop the decimal system represented in the Quipu of the Peruvian w ere Indians. This hundreds of years before the white man. Metallurgy. They worked gold, silver, and bronze better than any of the ancient civilizations of the Old World. They w ere the first to use and work platinum. Arts and Crafts. The famous textiles of the Peruvians have been recognized by authorities as being the best the world has ever seen. Authorities claim that no race on earth made baskets as well as the Poma and other Indian tribes of California. Their beauty and technique excelled all others. Agriculture. Irrigation, fertilizers, crop rotation, and many other so-called modern farming methods w ere practiced by the intensive agriculturists of the Southwest in the United States and Peru. Masonry. The stone walls of Cuzco are still as great a m ystery to us today as they ever have been. W e do not know how the stones w ere quarried and so well fitted together. Modern apartment buildings are much like the Pubelo buildings of the Hopi and Zuni Indians. Chewing Gum. Shaking Hands is ju st a good old Indian custom. 32 Monroe Street, Calais, Maine 3 bedroom, priced for handyman — $14,000.00 — no D.P. Main Street, Princeton, Maine ANYONE CAN BUY YOU DON’ HAVE TO T BF. A VETERAN See Your Local Real Estate Broker Or Contact 4 bedroom — attached garage. Reduce to $27,500.00 — no D.P. All VA financed A t prevailing interest rates VETERANS ADMINISTRATION i LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 I Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 : � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (December 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-448 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/082755913d753523fd94ff07968410de.pdf eaee36babd8ded07e628ae12b1e1c9f8 PDF Text Text W abanaki News fro m th e 121 st M aine Legislature O ctober 2003 Casino valuable to the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy Nation Representative Donna Loring: A voice for Rep. Loring Appointed House Chair of The Task Force to study the the Penobscot Nation (Reprinted with permission from the of the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy impact of a Maine-based Casino Times Record) by Michael Reagan, Times Record Staff Donna Loring had never visited a ca­ sino until she went to Foxwoods in Con­ necticut last year. She tried the slot ma­ chines and broke even. Unlike most of the fortune seekers who visit the casino, Loring wasn’t there to get rich or gain a taste of the high life. The Richmond resident, who has represented the Penobscot Nation as a nonvoting member of the Legislature since 1997, was on a mission to learn more about what will be at stake for the people she represents when Maine voters go to the polls in No­ vember to decide whether casino gambling will be al­ lowed in the state. A refer­ endum question on the No­ vember ballot will ask Maine voters to allow Na­ tive American tribes to open a casino, with parts of the profits going to state education funding and tax relief. Loring questioned what benefits a casino could bring to Maine until she considered the economic stability it would give to her own people. Income from casinos could go toward helping lo­ cal schools preserve their own culture, she said. It would also create opportunities for Maine tribes to share their heritage with others, as has been the case at Foxwoods, which is home to the world’s largest Na­ tive American museum. Economic boon As the elected representative of the Pe­ nobscot Nation, Loring offers a critical per­ spective on the hotly debated casino issue saying she would speak publicly in favor tribes running a casino. In the summer of 2002, then House This would give us a real economic tool Speaker Machael Saxl appointed me to to start developing, if we want to, ” Loring be the House Chair o f the Casino Study said. Task Force. Ttom her perspective, the benefits of 1 was the first Tribal representative opening a casino would not be limited to to be appointed as House Chair of any Maine’s Native Americans. Along with committee. helping the tribes in Maine invest or open I was proud and honored to receive businesses of their own, she believes a such an appointment. casino could provide jobs to Maine people The task was not an easy one. I re­ in difficult economic times. mained silent throughout most of the This casino is the biggest economic process. My appointment as House Chair project the state has seen in the last 20 caused much suspicion on behalf of the years,” Loring said. anti-casino interests. This suspicion caused a chilling effect in my participa­ tion. I did however write a letter that I insisted be included in our final task force study report. The letter reads as follows: December 30, 2002 Dear Maine legislators and citizens, Enclosed is our Task Force Report on the impact of a new casino resort in Maine. The report presents the testimony we heard please turn to page 2 VOTE YES! Her criticism of those who have mo­ bilized opposition to a Maine casino is that no one has suggested other job-related al­ ternatives. When you’re wealthy, you can afford to sit back and not allow any economic development in your backyard,” Loring said. The casino debate highlights the growing gap between Mainers who live comfortably and those who straggle. The conflict offers a twist on the notion of two Maines,” for as Loring sees it, the casino debate divides the state by class rather than geography. please turn to page 5 RESORT CASINO Rep. Donna M. Loring RR1, Box 45, Richmond, ME 04357 �Fall 2003 Wabanaki News page 2 Rep. Loring Appointed House Chair from page 1 Rep. Loring addresses Executive Board of NAACP Thank you for inviting me here today to speak to you. and the information we gathered. I stand before you as a representative of the Pe­ We did the best job we could in a limited amount nobscot Nation and my words will be on their behalf of time with a limited amount of resources. This re­ only. port provides the basic information on the subject. It I cannot speak for the Passamaquoddy Tribe. is a good beginning. It is now up to you as fellow leg­ I would like to begin by talking about the history islators and Maine citizens to review the material, to between the tribe and the State. conduct follow-up-studies, and to draw your own con­ The words of William Cronon come to mind. clusions. “Why the past matters” There will always be questions about building a .. .the past is responsible for everything we are. It resort casino here in Maine. This is obvious. But we is the core of our humanity. The past is the world out do have an advantage here in Maine in that we are in a of which we have come, the multitude of events and position to use the knowledge and experience gained experiences that have shaped our conscious selves and from other states in a positive and creative manner. It the social worlds we inhabit. To understand how and is my personal hope that we can find ways to use this why we live as we do. We cannot avoid appealing to knowledge not to destroy but to build, to focus on the past to explain how and why we go to be this progress, to open the door to partnership with the tribes, way...” and to create something totally unique to Maine. Prior to the arrival of Europeans on our shores we I would like to thank my fellow Task Force mem­ lived in a land that we were an integral part of physi­ bers for their participation, their intelligent discussion, cally and spiritually. We had our own governments and and their civility in dealing with such an emotional our hunting and fishing territories were scattered issue. I would also like to thank all those who testified throughout the eastern seaboard. Our numbers have before our committee, as well as those who just came been estimated to be anywhere from fifteen to thirty to listen. Finally, I want to specially thank the previ­ thousand. We hunted and fished seasonally. Our bound­ ous Speaker of the House, Michael Saxl, for appoint­ aries were usually rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams as ing me as House Chair of the Task Force. well as where we could find specific animals, fish, My appointment made Maine legislative history. fowl, plants, trees and herbs at certain times of year. It was the first time an Indian representative has ever We believed that everything from rocks to humans, to been appointed to be house chair of any committee or plants, and rivers even the wind had a spirit and these task force. must be respected. Our very lives depended on our The appointment came as a surprise. Although I treatment of this sacred environment (as it does to­ knew the political environment around the November day). When Europeans arrived on our shores they ar­ elections would make the Task Force a political light­ rived with concepts and beliefs that we could not un­ ning rod, I accepted it, and have not regretted my de­ derstand. They came here with one thing in mind and cision for a moment. that was to control our lands and our resources. (The Let me add a few thoughts on the subject of casi­ world as we knew it changed forever.) They were will­ nos. For decades the word “casino” was used in whis­ ing to do anything and use any means to accomplish pers in the legislative hallways for fear it would kill their goals. As an example of this ruthless effort to any \n \\ associated it. T h e P enobscot and P assa- maquoddy tribe brought the word “out o f the closet” so to speak, by announcing that they were planning to introduce legislation that would allow them to build a casino in Maine. There were some who argued that our task force should not consider the tribal connec­ tion when studying the issues surrounding a resort ca­ sino. But this made no sense- for without the tribal legislation, there would have been no Task Force. The reality is that a resort casino is a development project presented by the tribes to the State. The tribes even conducted their own economic impact study. This is nothing unusual. Any responsible business owner or developer would do the same. Our Task Force was criticized for considering that eco­ nomic impact study in its deliberations because the study was felt to be biased or tainted. This too makes no sense. When a business—tribal or otherwise—con­ ducts an economic feasibility study it is to see if its investment will be successful and profitable. Inves­ tors are not interested in rosy or unrealistic projections. The tribal study was reviewed by two prominent Maine economists and found to be credible. Quite honestly, I feel strongly that had this project been less controver­ sial, the economic development plans and the integ­ rity of the tribes would never have been questioned. I want to thank the tribes for allowing the task force access to their study. It was the only study available that analyzed the impacts of a new resort casino on Maine in particular. In closing, I encourage you to learn all you can about this issue, to distinguish facts from myths, and to deal with opposing views with civility. Again, this report is intended to be the beginning of a serious dia­ logue on the resort casino issue in Maine, not the end. Since'dy. ^ Donna M Loring, Representative House Chair eradicate us A proclam ation by Spencer Phips, L t G ov­ ernor of Massachusetts reads: .. .For every Male Penobscot Indian above the age of twelve years, that shall be taken within the time aforesaid and brought to Boston fifty pounds. For every scalp of a male Penobscot Indian above the age aforesaid, brought in as evidence of their be­ ing killed as a foresaid, forty pounds. For every female Penobscot Indian taken and brought in as aforesaid and for every male Indian pris­ oner under the age of twelve years, taken and brought in as aforesaid. Twenty five pounds. For every scalp of such female Indian or male In­ dian under the age of twelve years, that shall be killed and brought in as evidence of their being killed as afore­ said, twenty pounds. They had a value system that sought to accumu­ late wealth at any cost including genocide. Indian people were treated like animals by the English. It is not surprising that during the Revolutionary war when asked to fight on the American side by George Washington we agreed. When the war was won we made a treaty with Mass and in 1818 the treaty was renewed and finally when Maine petitioned Mass for separation one of the conditions was that Maine take over its treaty obligations to the tribes. Once this was done Mass please turn to page 11 LD 1525 “An Act to Clarify the Freedom Of Access Laws as They Pertain to the Penobscot Nation” The Joint Standing Committee on Judiciary voted to Carry over the bill on request of rep­ resentative Loring until next session. The com­ mittee further agreed to send a letter to the Maine Indian Tribal State Commission re­ questing they review the bill as it pertains to the Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act and make recommendations. The recommen­ dations and the bill will be Reviewed during the second session of the 121st. I House reverses smoking ban stance Reprint with permission Bangor Daily News May 13,2003 by A. J. Higgins AUGUSTA - The tribal representative for the Penobscot Indian Nation convinced members of the House on Monday to reverse an earlier vote, setting the stage for the possible derailment of a bill banning smoking at bingo games. On May 1, the House gave initial approval to a proposal to prohibit smoking at all bingo games in the state. But as the measure was heading toward final enactment Monday, the lawmakers voted 74-55 to exempt the tribe’s high-stakes bingo games. Last week, the Maine Senate voted 19-14 in favor of the original bill and against a similar amendment offered by Sen. Mary Cathcart, D-Orono, to exempt the tribe’s games. Both houses of the Legislature now must try to resolve their differences over LD 227 if the bill is going to become law. “And I wouldn’t dare guess how that’s going to come out,” said tribal Rep. Donna Loring, who argued that the exemption issue pivoted more on tribal sovereignty and economics than a desire to promote smok­ ing. Loring now has two ways to win. The Senate could reconsider its action and side with the amended House version of the bill. The Senate also could stand firm on its own version. If the Senate stands pat and the House also refuses to reconsider, the bill then would die between the houses unless a compromise is struck. The tribe’s high-stakes games, held seven weekends per year, generate more than half of the Penobscots’ general fund for community services. Loring said the tribe had conducted a study to determine the financial loss that would result from a smoking ban at the high-stakes games and concluded that emergency services on Indian Island would all but disappear if the bill as formerly written were to become law. Additionally, she said 75 part-time jobs related to the games would be lost, along with some full-time jobs. Many lawmakers feel strongly about smoking, which has been linked to increased health costs and worker absenteeism, and about the potential dangers to employees subjected to secondhand cigarette smoke inhalation. Others objected to the notion that the Legislature should be making laws that do not apply to all Maine residents. “If we feel the need to protect the people of the state of Maine from themselves regarding smoking and health, then why don’t we have the need to protect the Native Americans of this state?” asked Rep. Julie O’Brien, R-Augusta. “I see a flashing neon sign and it says: ‘Hypocritical.’” Loring’s arguments were bolstered by Rep. Matt Dunlap, D-Old Town, who pointed out that the hand­ ful of games sponsored by the tribe through a 1992 act of the Legislature attracted a loyal following of smoking participants, many of whom dine, shop and rent motel rooms in Greater Bangor. “These people can make a choice, and they’re going to go where they feel most at ease and most comfortable,” he said. “The smoking issue could very well help them make their decision to not come to the Penobscot high-stakes bingo which could pose a significant downward turn in their revenues.” The bill now moves onto the Senate’s daily calendar and will be scheduled for further action at the discretion of the Senate president. ______________________________ �Wabanaki News page 3 Fall 2003 Honoring the service to her country of Pfc. Lori Ann Piestewa Archie Ortiz of Native American Veterans of the Vietnam War salutes a photo of Piestewa after placing a POW/MIA flag next to the display Joint Resolution passed by both Maine House and Senate Thank you Mr. Speaker Men and women of the House. Pfc Lori Ann Piestewa was honored during a memorial service at the Women in Military Service at Arlington Cem­ etery this past memorial day. Pentagon officials for the first time publicly stated that she fought back.. “She drew her weapon and fought arid did it with courage and honor” stated Shirley Martinez Deputy Secretary of the Air Force. A Congressman from Arizona said “She fought tooth and nail along side a by Donna M. Loring I had been following the story of the 507th Maintenance Company Since March 23rd when they were ambushed. 1 was particularly interested when it was known that one of the missing was a 23 year old female Native American soldier of the Hopi tribe. I couldn’t help but identify with her and the Hopi community from which she came. When I heard the news of her death on Saturday my heart was very heavy and my thoughts and prayers went to her family and those that knew her and loved her. I couldn’t help but think of my experience in Vietnam as a Pfc and only 19.1 wondered then what I was doing there and I’m sure she must have had those same thoughts. I wrote a poem about that confusion and although it was written thirty five years ago somehow I think Lori Ann Piestewa would agree. I read this poem in the House chamber in her memory and in honor of her warrior spirit and ultimate sacrifice. sergeant to give other soldiers time to Wayland and her three year old daugh­ climb out. Her last stand was fighting with ter Carla. Freedom is not free. The price is all her might, defending her own people. paid not only by the dead but by those She fought with courage and valor”. She was the first Hopi woman and who must live without their loved one. Native American woman to die in com­ The empty space may never be filled. According to Hopi legend if a per­ bat in defense of the United States. She was a daughter, a sister, a son had a good heart when he or she died their spirit would return to the earth in mother, a friend. She has had a mountain and a high­ the form o f moisture. Perhaps because way named after her and over twenty it is so treasured in that dry and arid cli­ mate for it’s life giving and life nour­ one tribes have paid homage to heT. But after the ceremonies, the songs, ishing qualities. Lori was known to have a good the poems, the gifts there is an empty space that will always be felt by her fam­ heart to love life, people and above all her family and friends. ily and especially her children. On the day the Piestewa family was Lori’s son Brandon turned five years notified of her death an unusual event old on Memorial Day. Rose pedals were ceremoniously placed in the reflection occurred in her home town of Tuba City. pool by her father Terry, her mother Moisture fell back to earth in the pure P riscilla, her brothers Adam and white form of snow. J M a t F o f in te r im * jfn tb r ijjm r o f (£Htr £Lcnrb QtXuo ^thousand artd iXfrtw It’s titled “The Other World”: I stepped o ff the “Freedom Bird” into another world a world o f profound beauty and yet a world o f desolation and despair. Just as a new born babe comes into the world so came /.... Into a world I knew nothing o f unto a people I knew nothing of. Why was I here? JOINT RESOLUTION IN MEMORY OF UNITED STATES ARMY PRIVATE FIRST CLASS LORI ANN PIESTEWA, THE FIRST AMERICAN WOMAN SOLDIER KILLED IN ACTION IN THE IRAQ WAR U 3 H E R E A 2 ? United States Army Private First Class Lori Ann Piestewa was die first American woman to fait in combat during the recent war with Iraq and she died a hero’s death when her unit was ambushed by enemy troops; and I M H E E 8 E A 2 ; Lori Ann Piestewa was a 23-ycar-old Hopi Indian, a native o f Arizona, a mother of 2 young children, a sister, a daughter, an aunt and a friend to many and her untimely death has created a void in the lives o f those loved ones who survive her; and I 8 3 H B R E A 2 ? Lori Ann Piestewa grew up in Lower Moenkopi, Arizona and had been a leader in the Tuba City Unified School District Junior ROTC program and was the daughter of a Vietnam War veteran and granddaughter of a veteran o f World W ar II and she joined the United States Army 4 1/2 yeans ago; and t i J H E E x E A S ? Lori Ann Piestewa exemplified the spirit of sacrifice, honor, trust and commitment and her ultimate sacrifice will not be forgotten by her grateful nation; now, therefore, be it I walked down the war torn streets o f the village not knowing the answer. As I walked I looked down and saw the tattered remains o f a newspaper... and on the front page a picture o f a man holding the lifeless body o f his infant son. That Wc, the Members of the O ne Hundred and Twenty-first Legislature now assembled in the First Regular Session, on behalf of the people wc represent, take this opportunity to express our sincere condolences to the loving family of Private first Class Lori Ann Piestewa; and he it further KE&COOIE0: That suitable copies o f this resolution, duly authenticated by the Secretary of State, be transmitted to Ihe Piestewa family and the Hopi Tribal Council with out deepest gratitude and respect for her sacrifice on behalf of the People o f the State of Maine and the Penobscot Nation and with our best wishes and appreciation. i n S m a ll* <£Bumbrr U nder S uspension o f Rules Read am i Adopted Kauiar o f Lirpr«%mlalu>rs RcirtI him} Adopted There was emptiness in his eyes as tears o f a life time flowed down his face. In that instant I knew the answer. Sent for Cwtcuwencc OjcJcictj sent Forthwith ? • y> M1UJCT.NTM Macl-ARLAND C M k *»f the Hosts* I was here to help save this country This other world PATRICK rO L V m .L and in so doing Save Mine... May we never forget the price that is paid for our freedom. -hme «I, £11113 Speaker o f Ihe I 1 <kinc o f R Spemutwed R j i Rep. D onna M.’W fin# «>! P ttio h tt* # Nation by Donna M. Loring resentunve* , a / .June X &U13 Confnnr �Wabanaki News page 4____________________________________________________ Fall 2003 A Social History of Maine Indian Basketry by Harald E. L. Prins and Bunny McBride Used by permission o f the authors Centuries ago, the ancestors of the Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet, and Micmac Indians, living in what is now Maine, survived primarily as mi­ gratory hunters, fishers, and gatherers. In the southern areas of the state, they also cultivated crops, in particular com, squash, and beans. Archaeological records predating European contract and written records during the early contact period reveal that baskets were integral to native households in this region. The Indians constructed a wide variety of woven containers, using rushes, cattails, sweetgrass, spruce roots, or Indian hemp. They used birch bark to make everything from delicate cups to twogallon pails and often embroidered them elaborately with dyed porcupine quills. Each household, no doubt, had an array of baskets tucked or hanging here and there. They held domestic supplies in­ cluding sewing materials, dried medici­ nal herbs, craved spoons and ladles, and fibers for weaving bags or braiding ropes. In the early 1600’s, the traditional life of Maine’s indigenous peoples came to an abrupt end when bearded white strangers landed on their rocky coast. The newcomers brought all kinds of welcomed trade goods, such as cloth, guns, iron tools, and copper kettles. But they also brought alcohol and deadly and hanging down; and others adorn them with silver rings, which sometimes hang even from their noses... The women also wear European dresses draped over their shoulders and coming down only to their knees, their legs and feet covered with {red or blue cloth stockings and deer or moosehide moc­ casins decorated with red porcupine quills}, They, too, wear earrings, brace­ lets, and similar ornaments, and a few of them have pointed caps decorated with glass beads or wampum...” Castiligoni also gives insight into the native economy and crafts of that time: “The occupations of the women consist in raising a little com, working on the canoes, on stockings, shoes, and other ornaments, and in making birchbark baskets and pouches, and also dishes and bowls that hold water, which they use on their journeys.” Between 1763 and 1820, the white population soared from 24,000 to 300,000 expanding from the coastal re­ gion south of Pemaquid ever deeper into Indian lands. While many white settlers farmed and fished, others set their eyes on the rich timber stands at Penobscot and beyond. They axed tall pines, con­ structed one sawmill after another, and built dams which blocked the annual fish runs upriver. Moreover, white hunters preyed heavily upon the once abundant deer, moose, caribou, and precious furbearing animals. With each succeed­ ing year, the settlers encroached further placed birch bark as the favored mate­ rial for baskets among Native Americans in Maine. When hammered repeatedly, an ash log separates along its annual growth rings into thin sheets that can be spliced into strips (“splints”) for weav­ ing. Although it is not the only tree that yields splints when pounded, brown ash was highly valued for its long grain, flex­ ible strength, and durability. According to one contem porary M aliseet basketmaker, ash splints are strong enough to tow a car and were once used for horse harnesses. Impoverished, at times, small bands of related native kinfolk roamed the countryside in the early 1800’s. In their search for a livelihood, they built small temporary encampments near white Indians planted oats, com, and potatoes. Interestingly, the agent also noted that he paid fifty cents “for fetching down basket stuff, indicating the some native basketmakers in Old Town needed sup­ port. In 1838, “to encourage industry and promote civilization among the Indi­ ans,” the State Legislature passed a bill to subsidize Indian farmers, empower­ ing Indian agents to pay them a “bounty” for each bushel of crops harvested. However, numerous Indians were not enthusiastic about farming, prefer­ ring a nonsedentary life with the free­ dom to come and go as they pleased. They worked seasonally as day labor­ ers, woodsmen, and artisans, peddling their m uscle and crafts diseases. vAvvcYv w reaked havoc amowg, orvIrYdram resources, mcreasmgVy thw art­ settlem ents and m anufactured a variety the native peoples, killing between 75 and 90 percent o f them. It is estimated that when the Europeans arrived, some 30,000 Indians inhabited the region within the bounds of contemporary Maine. By 1620, diseases had reduced their numbers to a few thousand and shattered the intricate interdependencies of their traditional mode of subsistence. Almost as quickly as the indigenous population died, the colonial population grew. With little choice but to adapt to the new conditions around them, native survivors became specialized as market hungers. They spent the long winter months trapping fur-bearing animals, especially beaver. Come spring, they traveled in birch bark canoes to coastal trading posts to exchange the valuable furs and hides for sundry manufactured goods from abroad. They also traded their crafts, including their birch bark baskets and pouches decorated with col­ orful quill mosaics - although these were incidental exchange items compared to furs. Throughout the colonial era, this way of life continued, albeit with many ups and downs due to repeated land-grab wars, various epidemics, periodic game depletions, and unpredictable market fluctuations. Luigi Castiglioni, an Italian traveler who visited the Penobscot Indian village at Old Town in the 1780’s, provides us with a vivid picture of these tribespeople during this period: “{They are attired in) European dresses and shirts, and uniforms of French and English soldiers. A few wear European-style hats, deco­ rated with feathers... Some paint their faces red and black in various designs, others have the cartilage of their ears cut ing traditional native life in Maine. Indian complaints about white tres­ passers were frequent but mostly inef­ fective. Finally, greatly concerned about their physical survival, the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy signed treaties in the late-eighteenth century with the gov­ ernment of Massachusetts, which rep­ resented Maine until its statehood in 1820. They ceded most of their tribal homelands in exchange for government protection of tracts reserved for their ex­ clusive use and for annual allotments of certain goods - com, pork, wheat flour, molasses, tobacco, chocolate, blankets, red and blue broad cloth, gunpowder and shot, and some money. The maliseet and Micmac roaming norther Maine’s wood­ lands, however, did not sign such treaties. With the undermining of their life as hunters, fishers, and gatherers, many native turned to wage labor and artisanry. In 1798, for instance, a pros­ perous white entrepreneur on Vinalhaven island in Penobscot Bay employed several Indians, some local and others from Canada, “in felling trees, catching eels, making baskets...” Probably, these were ash splint baskets rather than the traditional birch bark containers and woven bags which Indi­ ans made for their own use. Maine In­ dian splint basketry emerged in the his­ torical record about this time and gained prominence over the next 150 years as tribespeople responded to a growing demand among white settlers for sturdy utility baskets and, later, to a demand for “fancy” splint baskets among a bur­ geoning seasonal tourist population. During the nineteenth century, brown ash (fraxiunu negra) firmly re­ of woodcrafts such as tubs, boxes, toys, broomsticks, axe handles, and baskets all of which they peddled from door to door. Regretfully, there is little histori­ cal documentation of their ephemeral presence during this period. However, in an article about his early nineteenthcentury childhood in Hallowell on the Kennebec, author John S.C. Abbott pro­ vides a wonderful window on this past: “Every winter several families of Penob­ scot Indians came to Hallowell, and reared a little cluster of wigwams in the dense forest which covered the sides of Winthrop Hill... I spent many silent, dreamy hours by the wigwam fire, lis­ tening to the musical and monotonous chatter of the Indian women, as, with nimble fingers, they wove their bril­ liantly colored baskets from thin strips of the ash tree.” Another peek at Indian life in this period comes from Hallowell’s midwife Mrs. Ballard. In late winter, 1809, she noted in her diary: “Elizabeth, the In­ dian here, I let her have potatoes... The little Indian girl gave me a basket.” When Maine became a state in 1820, the governor appointed Indian agents to supervise official affairs on the Penob­ scot and Passamaquoddy reservations. In 1824, the Penobscot agent reported that these Indians “are aware that they cannot longer depend on hunting for subsistence, and are desirous to engage in agricultural employment (and) have hopes that the time will come when in­ stead of being considered as ignorant and miserable paupers they will become and be estimated as a useful class of citi­ zens.” That summer, horses were hired to plough Penobscot clearings and the throughout M aine. I t w as a precarious ex iste n ce, so m e tim e s su p p lem en ted Both photos of baskets used by permission of the Maine Indian Basket Makers Alliance with begging. Among the meager records about Indians during this period is an 1840 let­ ter written to the state by Mary Neptune Nicolar, daughter of John Neptune, lieu­ tenant governor of the Penobscots. Mary’s husband, Tomer Nicolar had died, leaving her with eight children, and she petitioned the state for support, writ­ ing: “...with all my exertions making moccasins and baskets I have hardly been able to provide necessary food and clothing for my children... some of my boys have now become large enough to plant potatoes, beans and com, and are willing to do it like white men, to assist me in supporting the younger children. The land wants clearing and some must be plowered in season, and this I must hire, done by white men and with money.” Three years later, Mary and her chil­ dren were among a small band of Pe­ nobscot Indians who spent the winter months in the woods of Winthrop Hill on the fringes of Hallowell, making bas­ kets and living in wigwams. Mary traded her baskets for foodstuffs at Asa Gould’s store. In his records, Gould noted, “She has been industrious and made and sold baskets enough to sup­ port her family so far this winter.” But as winter wore on, survival grew more difficult. Gould noted Mary bought medicine for her children who were “confined by sickness;” he added, “they have no means of support and are unable to get away without help.” Even­ tually, in nearby Augusta, the Commit­ tee of the Indian Council allocated 15 dollars to Mary from the Indian Fund, enabling please turn to page 8 �Fall 2003 — -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------— Representative Donna Loring: Former Gov. Angus King strongly opposed any plan to build a casino in Maine when he was in office and has considered joining the Casinos No!” campaign, which is spreading the word that a casino would cause more harm than good. King argues that a casino would not benefit Maine busi­ nesses and hurt Maine’s image as an out­ door destination for tourists. Loring said the image of a pristine Maine as a tourist destination only works well for people who can afford it. How can he possibly get it?” Loring said of King. How can a guy with all that money understand what it’s like to be in poverty?” Grassroots support The November referendum about ca­ sinos will hinge not on the influence of the former governor, but on the average Maine voter, she said. And based on con­ versations with her Richmond neighbors, Loring said there’s more support for the casino plan on Main Street than under the State House dome. A woman at Front Street Market told Loring this month, I hope you guys get this casino up here. I’m tired of going to Foxwoods.” A sampling of comments from local people shows support for a casino in Maine, Loring said. Front Street Market cashier Erika Adams said she does not work the early-morning shift when Loring stops by, but said she makes an­ nual trips to Foxwoods and Mohegan Sun in Connecticut. That would be great if we had a ca­ sino,” she said. If I did vote. I ’d vote yes.” At Richmond Variety, owner Dan A Wabanaki News page 5 voice for the Penobscot Nation Chapman said he will vote in November. But he said he has not followed the de­ bate about casinos and has not yet formed an opinion. Chapman said he will read up on the subject and try to get his information from the news on television, where a new ad to promote the casino measure began airing this week. That ad drew harsh criticism from Casinos No!, which criticized it for being produced by a firm outside Maine and lacking in substantiation for claims that a casino would create jobs and pro­ vide property tax relief. Patricia Pickett and her husband Donald have traveled across the United States and Canada, visiting casinos along the way. I know how much money I can use and how much I can’t,” Patricia Pickett said, adding that she and her husband will vote in favor of a casino opening in Maine. A casino could bring jobs to the state, Pickett said, and organizers are not ask­ ing for anything in return. If a casino re­ quired state money to open, she said she could just go to Connecticut. Part of her reasoning for backing the casino plan came from the belief that government should not become involved in people’s lives. How I spend my money is my busi­ ness,” she said. Spreading the wealth Loring has received phone calls from people in various Maine communities to suggest a casino should be built in their towns. Penobscot Chief Barry Dana has heard similar comments. When driving through a Maine town once, he was recog­ nized by members of a road crew, who shouted. Hey, Chief! We want acasino here.” A casino would provide a huge boost to the state’s economy and generate rev­ enues to fund programs that are axed or cut during lean budget years, Dana said. A casino in Maine could bring in $125 million a year for education and tax re­ lief, he argued. For the Penobscot Nation, profits would allow health care coverage for all of its members, rather than the 25 percent who have coverage today. Most of the tribe’s estimated 2,000 members live throughout Maine and New England. With income from a casino, Dana said the tribe could start a business such as a birch bark canoe company or a fiddlehead cannery. Loring referred to the casino pro­ posal as something that will give the tribe sustainable sovereignty.” The tribal representative did not support a proposed casino bill in the Legislature and prefers to have voters decide the matter in November. Part of Loring’s support for changing the law to allow Native Americans to open a casino comes from the fact that the state already runs a large gambling operation of its own, the Maine State Lottery. They’re gambling and they have these scratch tickets all over the state,” Loring said. Turn on a television, she said, and people can see ads for Tri-State Megabucks and the Maine State Lottery. That’s a double standard and that’s hypocritical,” she said. I totally believe that.” Battle tested T he 54-yeai-o\d could play a part in the referendum campaign this fall, and she has been in difficult battles before. Loring from page i served in the Women’s Army Corps for three years and served a one-year stint in Vietnam. She was posted at Long Binh Army Base in South Vietnam during the Tet Offensive in January 1968. During that Viet Cong attack and siege, the base was cut off from other American military forces for 10 days. People in Maine heard rumors the base was overrun, Loring said, but she and oth­ ers there survived. Loring’s tenure in the WACs prepared her for working at a disadvantage, some­ thing she often finds herself doing as a nonvoting member of the Legislature. She and other members of the all-female unit could not carry guns. An armed sentry and strands of concertina wire helped to pro­ tect them, she said. For the Penobscot Nation, Loring’s work in the State House continues the ef­ forts of many women who have repre­ sented them and advocated for the tribe, Dana said. They seem to get the attention of people they work with,” he said of the women who have represented the tribe in the Legislature. Part of the ability Dana saw may de­ rive from Loring’s work experience. She served as police chief for the Penobscot Nation from 1984-1990, the first female police academy graduate to serve as a po­ lice chief in Maine. In 1992, she became the first woman to be director of security at Bowdoin College, a position in which she served until March 1997. After years of defying long odds, Coring, dem ands respect as a voice tor those who see a casino as a route out of poverty for Maine’s Native Americans. Issues You W ill Be Voting On Nov. 4, 2003 ~ Please take tim e to vote In their correct order, the questions scheduled to appear on the N o­ vember 4, 2003, statewide ballot are: Citizen initiatives: Q uestion 1 (Citizen Initiative and Competing Measure) (Citizen Ini­ tiative) A. D o you want the State to pay 55% o f the cost o f public education, which includes all spe­ cial education costs, for the pur­ pose o f shifting costs from the property tax to state resources? (Competing measure) B. D o you want to lower property taxes and avoid the need for a significant in­ crease in state taxes by phasing in a 55% state contribution to the cost o f public education and by provid­ ing expanded property tax relief? (AgainstAandB) C. Against both the Citizen Initiative and the Com­ peting Measure Question 2 (Citizen Initiative) Do you want to allow slot machines at certain commercial horse rac­ ing tracks if part o f the proceeds are used to lower prescription drug pollution problems; (5) The sum o f grants to construct and renovate costs for the elderly and disabled, $5 0 0 ,0 0 0 for the overboard dis­ public libraries and to improve and for scholarships to the state uni­ charge removal program to provide versities and technical colleges? grants to municipalities and indi­ community access to electronic resources? Q uestion 3 (Citizen Initiative) D o you want to allow a casino to be ran by the Passamaquoddy Tribe and Penobscot Nation if part o f the rev­ enue is used for state education and municipal revenue sharing? Bond questions: Question 4 (Bond issue) D o you fa­ vor a $6,950,000 bond issue for the follow ing for the follow ing pur­ poses: (1) The sum o f $2,000,000 to construct and upgrade water pol­ lution control facilities; providing the state match for $10,000,000 in federal funds; (2 ) T he sum o f $1,500,000 to provide grants to con­ struct water pollution control facili­ ties; (3) The sum o f $500,000 to clean up uncontrolled hazardous substance sites; (4) The sum o f $500,000 for the small community grant program to provide grants for rural communities to solve local viduals to eliminate licensed over­ board discharges to shellfish areas, Question 6 (Bond issue) D o you great ponds and drainage areas o f favor a $63,450,000 bond issue for less than 10 square miles; (6) The improvements to highways and sum o f $1,200,000 to support drink­ bridges, airports, state-ow ned ing water system improvements that ferry vessels and ferry and port fa­ address public health threats, pro­ cilities and port and harbor struc­ viding the stat match for $4,140,000 tures; development o f rail corri­ in federal funds; and (7) The sum dors and improvements to railroad o f $750,000 to construct environ­ structures and intermodal facili­ mentally sound water sources that ties; investment in the statewide help avoid drought dam age to public transportation fleet and public park and ride and service crops? facilities; statewide trail and pe­ Question 5 (Bond issue) D o you fa­ destrian improvements; and ex­ vor a $19,000,000 bond issue to pansion o f the statewide air-medi­ make repairs, upgrades and other fa­ cal response system through con­ cility improvements and enhance struction o f hospital helipads, access for students with disabilities building additional refueling fa­ and upgrade classroom equipment cilities, upgrading navigational at various campuses o f the Univer­ system s and acquiring training sity o f Maine System; the Maine equipment to improve access to Maritime Academy; and the Maine health care that makes toe State Community College System, which e lig ib le for $ 2 1 7 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 in was formerly the Maine Technical matching federal funds? C ollege System , and to provide �Wabanaki News page 6 Fall 2003 Testimony of Rep. Donna M. Loring on November 5, 2001 before a committee to Review The Child Protective System Good Morning Senator Turner, Rep­ resentative LaVerdiere And members of the Committee I am Representative Donna M Loring, of the Penobscot Nation I am here today to bring to the committee’s attention the situation that exists in Houlton between the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians and the State of Maine. First I would like you to hear a little bit about the Indian Child Welfare Act. 25 USCA ss 1901. states: see attached federal law. The whole purpose of the Act is to protect Indian Children from being taken away in great numbers from their cul­ ture and their heritage. The Indian Child Welfare Act was crafted and passed by the US Congress and supersedes any conflicting laws. Today in Houlton the Houlton Band of Maliseets face an unprecedented tak­ ing of their children by the State, twentynine children in the past five years. I see this not only as a failure on the part of DHS to place Indian children in extended families but also a failure on the part of the judicial system to implement the In­ dian Child Welfare Act. The loss of that many children to a tribe numbering ap­ proximately six hundred members is noth­ ing less than genocide. When an Indian Tribe loses it’s children it loses it’s future. These numbers are more than five times the national average. The vast ma­ jority of children taken are being placed in non-native foster care homes. Paren­ tal rights are being terminated at an alarming rate. I ask this committee to focus its attention on this issue and ask you why is this happening? Are DHS workers following Indian Child Welfare Act procedures? More importantly are the proper procedures being followed by the court system? Are Judges informed and are they implementing the Indian Child Welfare Act procedures in their Indian Child Welfare hearings? As some of you know I am a member of the Joint Standing Committee on Judiciary. Last month we held Judicial Con­ firmation hearings. During those hear­ ings I asked at least two judicial candi­ dates if they were familiar with the Indian Child Welfare Act. One of the candidates was honest enough to say no he was not. I received a letter from that individual a few days later wanting me to know that he had become familiar with the Act. He said and I quote.’ln particular, I am now mindful of the underlying pur­ poses of the Act to protect the interests not only of individual Indian children and families, but also the interests of the tribes themselves in achieving long term tribal survival. Among other things I am also now mindful of the heightened evi­ dentiary standard of proof beyond a rea­ sonable doubt as a precondition to the termination of the parental rights of an Indian parent. I hope that I am never called upon to apply this law in the per­ formance of my judicial responsibilities but should that occur, I have you to thank for calling the Act to my attention and I do thank you for this contribution to my continuing legal education.” I would think that if this Judge did not know about the Indian Child Wel­ fare Act then there must be others. I do not like to criticize without of­ fering some recommendations. One of my recommendations to you would be to provide training to the judiciary on the Indian Child Welfare Act. The train­ ing could be accomplished by using ex­ perts in the field on a national level. There is a disconnect between the State Court system and the Tribes on many levels. There should be an Indian advo­ cate placed within the State Court sys­ tem to be a liaison between the courts and the tribes. An Indian advocate could help fill this void. Finally, the Houlton Band of Maliseets does not have their own Court system to hear their child welfare cases. I have submitted a bill this session that will allow the Houlton Band of Maliseets to bring their child welfare cases to the Penobscot Nation’s Tribal Court until they can create their own court system. I strongly urge this committee’s full support of that bill and the above recommendations. Thank you. Fjord Seafood donates salmon to Maine Tribes The donated Atlantic Salmon were brood stock, part of Fjord seafood’s (At­ lantic Salmon of Maine) all-natural fam­ ily selection program that produces the Maine Strain Atlantic Salmon. All Maine strain salmon are the same species and subspecies as Maine river salmon, which blends together North American and European salmon bloodlines. Citing the Endangered Species Act, listing the Atlantic Salmon in Maine riv­ ers, the National Marine Fisheries Ser­ vice ordered all salmon with European genes removed from Maine waters by 2006. As a result of that order, Fjord sea­ food faced the prospect of destroying thousands of premier salmon. Fjord be­ lieves that the National Fisheries Service is wrong, and that their Maine strain salmon pose no threat to their cousins in the Maine rivers. They feel this is a devastating policy for the future of aquaculture, and it has no scientific bases. Fjord wanted to do something positive with the salmon. The idea of do­ nating the salmon to the tribes emerged onH Pp.nnhsmt Representative Donna Maliseets, state reach deal on Indian child welfare by Wayne L. Brown, Bangor Daily News, Tuesday, 09/17/2002 HOULTON - Representatives of the Houlton Band of Maliseets and state government Monday signed a historic agreement that will give the tribe con­ trol over its child welfare issues. The agreement gives the tribe partici­ pation in such matters as custody cases and placement of children in foster care so that those children can continue to func­ tion within the tribal community. “This is an exciting day for Maliseet people,” said Maliseet Chief Brenda Commander before a formal signing ceremony. “Until today, the tribe has had no say in what happened to its most precious resource - its children,” she said later to a group of about 50 people who gath­ ered at the tribal community center for the signing. Participating in the signing were state Attorney General Steven Rowe and Kevin Concannon, commissioner of the Department of Human Services. Officials from the Penobscot Nation and Passamaquoddy Tribe who assisted the Maliseets in their negotiations with the state also attended. The tribe long has been concerned that in child welfare matters, Maliseet children were being removed by DHS from the tribal community. That, they said, was contraiy to the intentions of the 1978 federal Indian Child Welfare Act. Christopher Francis holds one of the huge salmon scot Nation volunteered to coordinate the entire effort. He did a tremendous job. On January 16 and 17th. 2003 Clem’s planning became a reality and approximately 1.200 Atlantic Salmon weighing as much as 30 pounds each were delivered to the five native com­ munities in Maine bv the truck load. The Penobscot Nation, Aroostook Micmac and the Houlton Band distrib­ uted salmon to their tribal members. At Penobscot a processing team was set up and the salmon was cut into fillets with alot of the salmon frozen by the tribes for use throughout the winter and sum­ mer months for sustenance and for cer­ emonial events. “We are delighted that the salmon will provide healthful food to the tribal members who value salmon so highly in their customs and traditions. With this gift we celebrate and honor the Maine Tribes” said Dave Peterson, CEO of Fjord seafood USA. The Penobscot Nation sincerely thanks Fjord Seafood USA for it’s gen­ erous and thoughtful gift. Perhaps there Chief Barry Dana and Rep. Loring join Fjord president Davia Peterson is room in the future for us to work to­ watching Theodore Dana Mitchell cut fish. At far right, Steve Page, gether. Fjord Compliance Officer looks on Loring was contacted by Fjord to see if the tribes would be interested. Represen­ tative Loring was very pleased to say “Yes! Absolutely!” She began contact­ ing the tribal chiefs who in turn ap­ pointed a number of individuals to help organize the Giant salmon project. Clem Fay a wildlife biologist for the Penob- The law says the tribes should make decisions abonv \i\c 'Neiiare oi Indian children, without state interference. It stipulates that Indian children be placed first with extended family, and then with tribal homes or other native homes. As a last choice, an Indian child may be placed with a non-native family. Commander said Monday that in welfare cases involving Maliseet chil­ dren, DHS had been placing Maliseet children outside of their families or the tribe at a rate three times what it was for nontribal children. In those cases, tribal leaders said, they were losing a part of their heritage each time a child was removed from In­ dian culture. “Children are very impor­ tant ... to tribal culture,” said Donna Loring, the Indian representative to the Legislature. Rowe agreed. “There is no resource more impor­ tant or more vital to the tribes than their children,” he said. “Our shared goal has been protection of Maliseet children and their heritage.” Concannon said the agreement marked “a day that’s been long in com­ ing,” adding that he was optimistic that the work that had been done so far would form the basis for what needs to be done. Monday’s signing was only part of the process. The tribe still must develop a child- welfare code, expand its child welfare services program and establish a tribal court. Until a Maliseet court is established, the Maliseets will use the courts of the Penobscot Nation and Passamaquoddy Tribe. “The youth are our future,” Com­ mander said. “[Today] we are paving a new path that will lead to a more posi­ tive future for our entire community.” �This has been paid for and authorized by Think About It, PO Box 8727, Portland, ME 04104, John Menario, Treasurer �Frequently Asked Questions About the Proposed Resort Casino W ho will get the jobs? W ho will come to the resort? The vast majority of the jobs in the resort will be filled by Maine resi­ dents. Jobs will be advertised in Maine first and the resort will provide training through its own school and through courses offered at existing in­ stitutions of higher education. Maine people will be trained in a wide range of careers including, accounting, security, hospitality, and gaming. 85% of the revenue generated from this resort will come from out of state. Most of the visitors will come from Massachusetts and New Hamp­ shire. The resort will have a 60,000 square foot convention center that will attract visitors from all over the country. On average, casino patrons are above average in income. How will the resort im pact other M aine businesses? How can I contribute to the cause? The resort will spend $100 million a year buying goods and services from Maine companies every year. Employees of the resort will be paid another $130 million per year, which they in turn will spend buying goods and services in Maine. These amounts, when added to the $130 million that the resort will pay in taxes and the $50 to $100 million in profits that Maine Tribes (as owners of the resort) will receive and spend or reinvest in Maine, will materially improve conditions for other Maine businesses. And the $30 million per year that the resort will spend outside Maine on ads boost­ ing Maine tourism (six times the amount currently being spent by the State), will sub­ stantially help Maine’s tourism industry generally. The State of Connecti­ cut recently released a report showing that Foxwoods and Mohegan Sun boosted tourism across the state. C arston, Fred, Lott, W illiam and M cmillen, Stan. The Economic Impact o f Connecticut’s Travel and Tourism Industry, Storrs, CT: C onnecticut Center For E conom ic Analysis, May 2003) Other reports show local hotel occupancy increas­ ing from 40 to 80%. We are not looking for financial contributions, but we do need your help. Talk to your friends and neighbors about why this proposal is so important. If you would like to volunteer in your local community, please e-mail us or call 888-421-2991. And, above all, make sure you get out and vote on November 4! Will approval of this casino inevitably lead to the creation o f more ca­ sinos? The vote in November will authorize only one casino. Any additional casino would have to be authorized by the State legislature or a subsequent vote of the people. How will it affect area businesses? The resort will help businesses throughout Maine by bringing in hundreds of millions of dollars from out-of-state customers. Local businesses will ben­ efit by selling goods and services to the resort, its employees and guests. Will the resort pay taxes? Yes. In fact, the resort will be the largest taxpayer in Maine. Instead of an income tax (which in Maine is a maximum of 8.93% of net profit, after deduction of all costs and expenses), the resort will pay 25% of the gross revenue from its slot machines, before the deduction of any costs or expenses. This is the same tax rate paid by the Foxwoods and Mohegan Sun in Connecticut (which are the largest taxpayers in that state), and will produce an estimated $100 million a year in gaming tax revenue for the State of Maine. (Klaus Robinson QED Hospitality Consulting, Proposed M aine Resort Casino: Im pact Study, Presentation to the Maine Gaming Study Task Force, September 30,2002) Will the resort increase gambling addiction? W hat will the resort look like? Absolutely not. Former Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Court, Daniel Wathen has stated that the Act “unequivo­ cally” prohibits minors from entering any place where gaming is occurring. Gambling addiction is a serious problem that demands real attention. A c co rd in g to a re c e n t study by th e H arvard M e d ic a l School 3.5% of Ameri­ ca n s s u ffe r from som e form o f gam bling problems. The study finds, how ­ ever, that there is no material link between the percentage o f people with a gambling problem and proximity to a casino. The fact is that there are al­ ready plenty o f opportunities for people with gambling problems to get into trouble. Our collective goal must be to help people meet this addiction. Maine is one o f 14 states that does not even have a chapter o f the National Council on Problem Gaming. The proposed resort will help fund such a project and provide help for M aine people with gambling problems. Why are big companies like MBNA opposing the resort? Will the resort cause more crime and bankruptcy? We cannot understand why anyone would want to prevent the creation of 10,000 good paying jobs in Maine. We can only conclude that compa­ nies like MBNA (who issues the credit cards for Harrah’s and other major casinos) oppose this project so they can continue to find people who will work for low wages and few or no benefits. No. The major recent government studies have found no link between casinos and crime or bankruptcy. (General Accounting Office, 2000. Im ­ pact of Gambling: Economic Effects More M easurable than Social Ef­ fects , April 2000, p.2-3) Crime is largely a function of unemployment and poor economic conditions. Bankruptcy is largely a function of the avail­ ability of credit cards. (Link to recent News Paper ADD-RICH) Crime has not materially increased in the towns around Foxwoods and Mohegan Sun. There is no evidence of organized crime at or around either of the casinos in Connecticut. In fact, the crime rates in the towns that surround Foxwoods and Mohegan Sun are significantly lower then the crime rates in the retail areas in Maine, including, Kittery, Freeport and South Portland. (Maine State Police and the Connecticut State Police, 2 0 0 0 ) 'W vt re s o rt nn'\WVie. WWv m sVy\e o i rt\e g ra n d N ew ¥Lrvg\and re s o rts o f a hundred years ago. It w ill be surrounded by an 18-hole championship g o lf course. The resort will include a range o f outstanding restaurants, shops, and conference facilities, plus a theater with top-of-the-line entertainment. Will kids be able to gamble at the resort? How many job s will be created? There will be 2,000 jobs during construction and nearly 5,000 perma­ nent, full-time jobs in the resort itself. The full-time jobs will include a range of occupations from maintenance, restaurant, gaming, and house­ keeping workers to computer, accounting, marketing, management, and ad­ ministrative personnel. The average earnings will be in excess of $31,000 with comprehensive health benefits. How will the resort impact housing and schools in York County? Who will build the resort? The resort casino will be designed and built by Mamell Corrao, the leader in the hospitality industry. Mamell Corrao built the world famous Bellagio Casino in Las Vegas. Mamell has entered into a project agreement with the Maine Building Trades that provides a hiring preference for Maine workers and ensures that any contractor, union or non-union can bid on the work so long as their employees are paid good wages and benefits, includ­ ing health coverage. The resort casino will mean more good jobs in the Sanford area. That will lead to stronger property values and increased revenue for local schools. A recent study by Charlie Colgan, the former State Economist found that there are 5,000 unemployed people in York County and another 17,000 people who commute further to work than they would like. In Sanford nearly one in every fourteen people is unemployed. (M aine Departm ent o f L a­ bor, Bureau o f Labor Statistics, June 2003) The bulk o f the jobs at the resort will be filled by people in these two categories, people who already have homes. Charlie Colgan, forecasts that population in York County will increase by only one twentieth o f one percent per year because o f the pres­ ence o f the casino. �Layout of proposed Casino in Sanford LEGEND:_________ A B C D E F G H I J K _____ Grand Hotel Casino Parking Garage Theater Restaurants & Shops Convention Center Support Services Golf Clubhouse 18 Hole Golf Course Guest Parking Employee Parking ^ / \ / Perkins Marsh Brook �CASINO INFORMATION FOR TRIBAL MEMBERS JUST A FEW AREAS WHERE CASINO FUNDS WILL IMPROVE OUR STANDARD OF LIVING: •INDIAN PREFEERNCE FOR ALL CASINO JOBS •INTERNSHIPS IN AREAS OF INTEREST •MARKET FOR ALL WABANAKI CRAFTS •HEALTH CARE AVAILABLE TO ALL TRIBAL MEMBERS •EDUCATIONAL SCHOLARSHIPS TO SCHOOLS OF CHOICE •NEW MUSEUM AND CULTURAL CENTER •UTILIZATION OF INDIAN DESIGNERS AND SCULPTERS •NEW ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE BUILDINGS •NEW HOUSING • SMALL BUSINESS START UP FUNDS •AND MUCH, MUCH MORE! �Wabanaki News page 6________________________________________________________________ Fall 2003 A Social History of Maine Indian Basketry from page 4 her and her offspring to travel by stage­ coach to Bangor, connect with a train on the newly constructed railway to Old Town, then take the canoe ferry home to Indian Island. In 1851, Maine’s Governor Hubbard remarked in his annual address to the State Legislature that many Indians were now “in a condition bordering upon pau­ perism... A part of them, at some sea­ sons of the year, eke out a miserable existence by leading a wondering gipsy­ of items particular to European taste (baskets to hold hats, combs, sewing materials, handkerchiefs, pies, and pic­ nic lunches), and embroidering them with ribbon-thin splint “curlicues” that reflected the tourists’s fondness for Vic­ torian elaboration. In 1873, during the agricultural cri­ sis in northeast North America, the Pe­ nobscot Indian agent reported that al­ though Indian farming efforts “have been met with a fair degree of success... like life amongst our white population, supplying them with baskets and other articles of Indian ingenuity” Ten years later, according to a re­ port by the Penobscot Indian agent, many Indian men were “engaged in ag­ riculture in the summer season, and at other seasons of the year more or less in hunting, in the logging swamp, and in driving lumber in the spring. Of the rest, a portion are engaged in making canoes, baskets, moccasins and snowshoes.” About this time, wealthy sportsmen began venturing to the Maine woods, lured by the state’s reputation as a rich hunting and fishing area. Seeking employment, local Indians presented themselves as guides to the weekend adventurers, tak­ ing them through the wild interior water­ ways in their birch bark canoes. For in­ stance, an official report in the 1870’s noted that Passamaquoddies at Peter Dana Point “take parties fishing to Grand Lake Stream, and are well-paid for their time, and the use of their canoes.” In the wake of these early sportshunters came vacationing “rusticators” - rich city slickers looking for a respite of simple life and communing with nature. Coastal resorts cropped up in places like Bar Harbor, Booth Bay, and Greenville. By 1872, there were 15 hotels in Bar Harbor, and Frenchman Bay was replete with the sailing yachts of bluebloods from New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. Indians greeted their arrival as an economic opportunity; each summer they set up camp near the re­ sorts where they made and marketed “fancy” splint and sweetgrass baskets among the tourists. While most Native Americans in Maine wore European clothing by this time, it was not uncommon for basketmakers to don traditional native garb to attract attention when selling or making baskets near resorts. They also attracted buyers by making a new array the general depression of business has shortened the term of, and lessened the wages for their usual labor in the differ­ ent branches of lumbering operations.” However, he continued, “they have met with good success, generally, in the sale of baskets and other wares (such as axe handles, staves, shingles) of their own manufacture.” A year later, he reported that “their labor has not been in great demand, consequently low prices and short terms for their labor have pre­ vailed. In the sale of baskets, toy ca­ noes, and other articles of their home manufacture, they have met with better success, and the demand on them for fancy wares, and of original and pecu­ liar designs, has called into active exer­ cise their inventive faculties.” The ninteenth century gave rise to an ever-increasing population of Indian basketmakers. The tourist market for fancy baskets, coupled with the demand for utility baskets among local towns­ people and farmers transformed entire indigenous communities almost com­ pletely into artisan settlements with the majority of the population directly en­ gaged, at least seasonally, in basket pro­ duction. In the 1900 census at Indian Island, 66 percent of the adult popula­ tion listed basketry as their major liveli­ hood, and this remained the case at least two decades into the twentieth century. To facilitate the speedier and more re­ fined production demanded by the tour­ ist market for fancy baskets, native craftspeople began using gauges to splice their splints and wooden forms (“blocks”) to shape their baskets. Splint basketry became so prevalent among Indians in Maine that it became their cultural calling card, even though it was not part of their traditional subsis­ tence pattern. According to anthropolo­ gist Ted Brasser, it simply “succeeded furs and shell money as a source of income from white colonists. The fact that this craft became a means of showing an In­ dian identity... merely reflects the degree in which they have lost that identity.” Yet basketry was not ideologically divorced from native tradition. It was a craft that fit neatly into the preferred in­ dependent life-style of M aine’s tribespeople. Echoing their traditional seasonal migrations for hunting/gathering/trading, ninteenth and twentieth century Indians of the Northeast moved about as seasonal laborers, digging po­ tatoes in the fall, lumbering in the win­ ter, river driving in the spring, raking blueberries and hawking baskets among farmers and tourists in the summer, and making baskets whenever there was a labor lull. Of particular note in Maine is the “Indian potato basket,” a sturdy round splint basket that has been used to bring in the state’s vast potato harvest for more than a century. Prior to 1920, Maine potato farmers imported the bulk of these baskets from Nova Scotia, where many Micmacs in particular were in­ volved in the cottage industry. But by 1916, the brown ash supply near Canada’s Indian reserves had sharply decreased and many Indians ventured to Aroostook County to “hunt ash” and par­ ticipate in the annual potato harvest. These people added to the force of local Micmac and Maliseet basket weavers living scat­ tered throughout norther Maine. Between 1920 and 1965 especially, potato picking and basketweaving were integral factors in the migratorial seasonal working pat­ terns of thousands of Northeast Indians. The heyday of the state’s potato industry was the mid-twentieth century, when acre­ age peaked at nearly 200,000 and it took nearly 40,000 pickers to bring in the crop. Since each picker had to have a basket, that period was no doubt the heyday of potato basketry as well. In 1950, mechanical harvesters were introduced and by 1965, only half of Maine’s potato crop was gathered by hand. Since then, a decrease in farm acreage and a steady rise in mechanical harvesting have diminished the tradi­ tional farming demand for baskets in Aroostook. Today, only 15 percent of the county’s potato crop is harvested by hand with Indian baskets. Not surprisingly, the cottage indus­ try of basket weaving is on the wane among Native Americans in Maine. In addition to the decreased demand from farmers, the increasing difficulty of find­ ing suitable ash, the introduction of wel­ fare, and the high-labor/low-cash-retum nature of the work have fed into the de­ cline. No more than three percent of today’s adult Indian population in Maine is engaged in basketry. These artisans have had to look far beyond farmers for a market. They sell roadside, hawk their baskets shop to shop, or participate in various craft fairs around the state. In 1984, the Aroostook Micmac Council, based in Presque Isle, started a business called the Basket Bank which buys, mar­ kets, and distributed Micmac baskets throughout New England. Splint basketry has never been an easy or truly profitable business for the Indians in Maine. It evolved from ab­ solute necessity more than from roman­ tic devotion to the craft. As Micmac basketmaker Sarah Lund of Frenchville puts it, “It grew out of the fact that choices were few and we had to eat.” Until the mid-1960’s, Maine’s native basketmakers were often paid for their wares with foodstuffs. “If I needed flour or baking powder or whatever,” says Sarah, “I’d make a half dozen baskets, go to the store and trade them in for the amount of groceries the store owner said they were worth.” Because basketry has never, in and of itself, been a sufficient means of live­ lihood for most native in this region, basketmakers have long been wary of the time restrictions imposed by accept­ ing basket orders and prefer to keep themselves free to follow both surprise and seasonal work and pleasure oppor­ tunities integral to an independent, semimigratory life. “We have orders,” claims Micmac basketmaker and migrant la­ borer Betsy Lark of Mars Hill. “They tie you in. I’d much rather make a batch when it suits me and sell by the road­ side.” Sarah Lund agrees. “I’ve stayed with basketry because I like being my own boss and setting my own hours. With all its headaches and uncertainties, there’s a kind of freedom in the busi­ ness that keeps me going.” Such comments imply that splint baskets are more than tools or aesthetic pieces. They are, in fact, cultural arti­ facts representing a particular value sys­ tem and way of life. Although appar­ ently probably not indigenous among Northeast Indians, in the last 200 years the craft has come to symbolize a stub­ born desire for distinct identity and selfdetermination among these people whose lives have historically been tossed about by political and economic forces often beyond their control. “Basketmaking is something that’s our own,” says one basketmaker. “One thing about it is that no one cane take it away from you. Once you learn, it’s a skill you’ve always got —a door you can walk through when all the others are shut.” Harald E. L Prins has been assistant professor of anthropology at Colby Col­ lege. His undergraduate work was com­ pleted in his native Netherlands, and he received his M.A. and Ph.D from the New School for Social Research in New York City. He serves as an advisor and research consultant for the Aroostook Micmac Council and produced the film “Our Lives in Our Hands” on the Micmac Indian basketmakers in 1985. He has written and lectured extensively on Maine’s Indian culture and recently served as project scholar for the exhibi­ tion “The Land of Norumbega” at the Portland Museum of Art, 1987-89. Bunny McBride received her M.A. in Anthropology with honors from Colum­ bia University. She has served as a vis­ iting professor in anthropology at Principia College in Illinois (1981,1984, 1986, 1988) and as an advisor and re­ search consultant for the Aroostook Micmac Indian Council (1982-88). Since 1976, she has also been a free-lance writer and editor for domestic and inter­ national publications with regular assign­ ments to The Christian Science Monitor. �Fall 2003__________________________________________________________________________ _________________________ Wabanaki News page 7 Rep. Loring addresses Executive Board of NAACP from p a g e 2 agreed to pay Maine $30,000 dollars. Maine renegoti­ ated the 1818 treaty in 1820 with the Penobscot and 1824 with the Passamaquoddy. After separation was granted by Mass, Maine in 1833 without the consent of the Penobscot took away 95% of Penobscot land consisting of four of the Penobscot townships one of those contained the sacred Mountain Katahdin. The state established a trust fund with $50,000 dollars it placed there for the townships. In subsequent years monies from the sale of timber, hay and shore rights as well as hydro power was also placed in the trust fund. The legislature authorized leases and sale of tribal lands without their consent and sold several of the Pe­ nobscot Islands without compensation. During this time tribal people suffered as we were no longer al­ lowed to maintain our way of life by traveling from place to place according to the seasons. In 1887 Louis Mitchell, Passamaquoddy representative to the state legislature described in a speech On the floor of the House the enormity of what had happened: “ .. .Just consider today how many rich men there are in Calais, in St. Stephen, Milltown, Machias, East Machias, Columbia, Cherry field and other lumbering towns. We see good many of them worth thousands and even millions of dollars. We ask ourselves how they make most of their money? Answer is, they make it on lumber or timber once owned by the Passamaquoddy Indians...How many of their privileges have been broken: how many of their lands have been taken from them by authority of the state? In 1833 the Penobscot trust fund was established with the $50,000dollars, The Passamaquoddy fund es­ tablished in 1856 by a deposit of $22,500 dollars. In­ terest on the deposits was supposed to be paid at six percent per annum. For a period one hundred and ten years. From 1859 for Passamaquoddies, 1860 for Penobscots until 1969, no interest was ever paid, but rather went for the annual use of the Indian agents. The states treatment of Indians was paternalistic. We who had once lived in abundance were now im­ poverished and wherever we went in the larger soci­ ety we faced prejudice, discrimination and injustice. We were lazy they said, yet our livelihood had been taken from us. We lived on welfare, it was said. Yet the so-called as­ sistance given to us was in fact income from products taken from our land or income from the rent and lease of our land. What was income was made to appear as welfare. The state courts also held no relief for us as the judges had the same oppressive views as the state. The following court cases give you a glimpse of the courts VOTE YES! THIS IS AN OPPORTUNITY THAT WE WILL NEVER HAVE AGAIN IN OUR LIFETIME. EVERY VOTE COUNTS! WE NEED YOUR VOTE TO MAKE THIS HAPPEN! PLEASE VOTE ON NOVEMBER 4TH attitude towards Indians: In a case decided by the Maine supreme court in 1842 Murch v Tomer 21 Me.535 The court said “Im­ becility on their (the Indians) part, and the dictates of humanity on ours, have necessarily prescribed to them their subjection to our paternal control...” State V Newell, 84 Me. 465 (1892), the court fol­ lowing Murch said “Though these Indians...perhaps consider themselves a tribe, they have for many years been without a tribal organization in any political sense.. .They are as completely subject to the State as any other inhabitants can be.” Id at 468 (This at a time when Indian representatives were in the State Legisla­ ture representing tribal governments) One of the worst injustices to our tribes was our disenfranchisement. It was sanctioned at the highest levels of power in the state. On March 14th 1941 the Legislature requested on solem occasion to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court the following question: “If by legislative enactment a poll tax should be imposed upon the Indians living on reservations within the state, would said poll tax be such tax as within the meaning of section 1 Article 11 of the Constitution that it would entitle Indians, subject to such tax to vote?” Answer: March 19th, 1941 To Honorable Senate of the State of Maine: “The undersigned justices of the supreme court, having considered the question upon which their ad­ visory opinions were requested by senate order March 14th, 1941 inform the honorable senate that we are of theopinion that it is not within the scope of our duty to answer this question in view of the fact that senate paper 486 entitled “An act Permitting Indians to vote in state elections”, to which the interrogatory refers, not only does not conform with or justify the question submitted, but is inherently illegal and insufficient.” Although Indians were m ade citizens of this coun­ try in 1923 Maine Indians were not allowed to vote in US elections until 1954 and state elections until 1967. Indian agents and treatment of Indian people We were Forbidden to speak our own language Marriages and offspring kept track of Children were taken from their parents and sent to Carlisle Indian school at Carlisle Penn. 1899-1912 What was income was made to appear as welfare Self image suffered/loss of self-respect Faced prejudice, discrimination and injustice Land Claims Settlement Act: The Land Claims Settlement Act was signed into law in 1980. It is a document that presently defines our relationship with the state. The terms of the Act are as follows: 54.41 M to buy 300,000 acres (both tribes) 27.70 each 27M in trust fund from which we could draw in­ terest only (both tribes) 13.5 each Houlton band of Maliseets $900,000 dollars to pur­ chase 5,000 acres State retains certain jurisdiction. Maine Indian Tribal State Commission created What did the state get from the Land Claims? V A settlement of over 2/3rds of the state lands V State did not pay one penny V State kept majority of it’s jurisdiction V Tribes were excluded from any new Fed laws V State is held harmless for any past injustices V Tribes cannot sue for past abuses or stolen re sources. V State never has to admit any wrong doing I would like to close by stating that we are all brothers and Sisters with the same history of geno­ cide, oppression and abuse. I think of the history here in Maine of Malaga Island where Black and biracial families lived for generations and all of a sudden the state of Maine served them an eviction notice took over the Island even to the extent of razing the houses And digging up the dead so that no trace could be found of them. They did to your people what they wanted to do to ours and have never stopped trying. It is only by economic growth and stability that we can sustain our sovereignty and power to survive as a people. Martin Luther King In his last speech “I ’ve been to the Mountain” used a parable from the bible. He spoke o f the story o f a priest and a Levite seeing a man in need on the road and failing to stop to help, perhaps because it was a dangerous spot orvthe road to stop. M artin L u th er iking said “T h e priest and the Levite asked the question “If I stop to help this man what will happen to me? But the good Samaritan re­ versed that question and said If I do not stop to help this man what will happen to him.” I ask that you stop and help us in our quest for survival. People of color need to unite and work together. With your help we can ignite our own economic en­ gine and become economically self-sufficient. This is an opportunity that the people of color in Maine may never have again. Four Directions Development Corporation (FDDC) is a non-profit Community Development Corporation Financial Institution and a Community Development Financial Institution. FDDC is the first Native Governed CDC and CDFI in Northern New England, was established in March of 2001 MISSION- Its mission is to improve the social and economic conditions of the tribal members of the Maliseet, Micmac, Passamaquoddy and Penobscot communities by investing in affordable hous­ ing, tribal business ventures and small and medium size businesses. BUSINESS LOAN PROGRAMS- FDDC offers several small to medium business loan programs as summarized below. Business loans are available for equipment, inventory, accounts receivable, working capital, business expansion and real estate. FDDC will consider alternate business financing requests as deemed necessary. Max Min Program Commercial $100,000 $10,000 Real Estate $25,000 $2,500 Business Assets Business Working Capital $2,500 $25,000 Products, rates and terms subject to change. Special conditions may be applicable to each type of loan. Term 60-180 mo up to 60 mo up to 60 mo FOR MORE INFORMATIO CONTACT: Susan Hammond, Executive Director, Phone/Fax (207) 866-6545 E-Mail shammond@fourdirectionsmaine.org � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Legislative News</em> (Oct. 2003) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Loring, Donna M. and Donald Soctomah Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of New England Maine Women Writers Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-10 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cathleen Miller, UNE Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Donna M. Loring and Donald G. Soctomah. Used with permission. We thank University of New England for making digitized copies available. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-449