13 10 189 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/d51c565afbe17e422ce3c5397a07353e.pdf ccef570c8957d0e97d4e56eb5db4c276 PDF Text Text ALBUQUERQUE, NM 37110 Wabanaki A llia n ce Pabtished b j Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. June 1980 Wabanaki Alliance. 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473. 40* Pleasant Point clinic slates grand opening PLEASANT POINT — A brand new tribally-administered health center is slated for a grand opening here June 18, and everyone is invited to attend the open house, 1-4:30 p.m. Madonna M. Soctomah, a Passamaquoddy who has been health center director since April 28, said she would rather not be interviewed until she knew AAI, M ission sp o n so r co m p HOULTON — The Association of Aroos­ took Indians (AAI) and the Quebec-Labrador Foundation of Ipswich, Massachu­ setts are again jointly sponsoring a Maine SLUGGER — Jerry Pardilla, of Indian Island, takes a swing during softball game Indian Summer Camp for the 1980 season. between Penobscot tribal officials and visiting Indian persons attending recent United The camp location is at Mud Lake in Sooth and East Tribes [USET] m eeting in Bangor. At Left, Miles Francis of Indian Sinclair, with the camp sessions being Island plays catcher, and Penobscot Gov. Wilfred Pehrson “ calls ’ as he sees 'em.” scheduled for June 29 to July 12 for 8 to 11 em The well-attended game delighted young and old, and included home runs, mud slides year olds and the second session be­ ginning July 20th to Aug. 9, for 12 to 15 aad much humor. year olds. Aug. 9 is being set aside as Family Day. Traditional camp activities will be featured with an emphasis on Indian activities such as beading, craftworks at the Penobscot reservation. All work, and Indian dancing. INDIAN ISLAND — A four mile road Application forms are being distributed are invited. race for all ages highlights a special Indian The race begins at noon, July 5, and to eligible Indian children and extra forms day here, sponsored jointly by Andrew categories range from age 10 and under, are available at the office. For m ore infor­ Sockalexis Track Club, the Recreation to 50 and over. There will be special mation, call Harris Brewer of the Associa­ Department, and Bingo Committee. awards for overall winner, and first tion of Aroostook Indians at 532-7317 or Also scheduled is a bean supper, to be call him at his home at 532-7914. followed by “ best display yet” fire­ Penobscot over the finish line. the of m ore about her job. The clinic has already started providing certain basic services, and is staffed by experienced personnel. Staffers include medical social worker Doris Chapman, and nurse Hazel Dana. Shelley Francis is contract medical clerk, and Mike Farrell is dental lab technician. Dental services are provided by a Public Health dentist from Eastport. Bonnie Trott works as dental hygeinist two days per week. The clinic is housed in a modern, one story building with round-arch doorway, and has a full complement of supply rooms, offices, examining rooms and lobby. The health center will be administered locally, through funds provided by Indian Health Service (IHS). Construction began last October — with a number of tribal m em bers em ployed on the job — and total building costs w ere estimated at $225,000. Penobscots plan foot race, fireworks Woman convicted of driving over man BANGOR — A 25-year-old Hampden woman, Sandra E. Williams, has been convicted of deliberately running her car over Douglas Francis, 38, of Indian Island, in recent Superior Court action here. The incident occurred Dec. 9, 1979, in Old Town. Testimony showed that when Williams’ car stalled, after running over Francis, she backed the vehicle up, over his body a second time. Francis was seriously injured in the incident, and reportedly lost a leg through amputation. Francis was run over on North Bruns­ wick Street, in the driveway of Old Town Canoe Company. He and Williams had apparently had a dispute earlier that evening, at an Old Town bar. Williams faced a maximum 10 year sentence for aggravated assault. She was sentenced to five years at Maine Cor­ rectional Center, South Windham, with three of those years suspended. Tribe blocks tracks PLEASANT POINT — Several tribal members erected a sign recently on rail­ road tracks that cross the reservation. The sign reads, “ Passamaquoddy Land, No Trespassing.” Some tribal m em bers oppose rail salvage operations on the Maine Central Railroad Co. spur to Eastport, claiming the right-of-way be­ longs to the Passamaquoddy Tribe. The spur was officially abandoned 18 months ago. WATCHING — A young Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy girl observes dental lab technician Mike Farrell at work in new tribal clinic. An Indian woman's ordeal with suicide by Diane Edwards The butcher knife was hard, cold steel. It was uninviting, unfriendly. The blade was razor sharp, like the cutting tongue of a nagging wife. The knife felt heavy, almost as heavy as my heart. I turned it over and over in my mind. A ray of light leaped through my kitchen window and was caught on the blade. It shone on my eyes. I knew it would be the last time I would ever see a piece of the sun. I held the knife above my wrist. It seemed to be suspended there, waiting, just waiting. I though I saw my hand shake a little, but I knew that could not be. The fifty sleeping pills I took would keep my hands from trembling. Already I felt tired. I thought the pills would give me m ore time, but they wouldn’ wait. They were hungry to do t their job. I had to hurry. I was afraid the pills alone would not be enough. I had to be sure I would not fail. Now was the time. Now I was ready. I watched. It was almost fascinating. I felt the cold blade touch my skin. I watched as the knife slid across the veins in my wrist. I saw them burst open. They cried out at the undeserved pain, spilling their tears of blood. I had violated my own flesh. I had forced my veins in my wrist to cease the job they w ere meant to do. They w ere bewildered; frustrated, they w ere angry. They screamed in silence; they asked me why. I did not answer. I only watched. They w ere losing the blood so precious to them. I was losing the life once precious to me. As soon as I cut the other wrist, there was nothing else to do. My legs w ere very weak and my eyes were very sleepy. My house was quiet. It seemed to fit my mood. I slowly put one foot in front of the other and found myself in my bedroom. I lay down on my bed on the side where my husband slept at night. He was at work now but I felt this way I could be close to him for one last time. Rem em bers the taunts My veins had asked me once and now I asked myself, “ why?”It would have been so easy to answer if there had been only one major upset in my life, but there were none. I guess it was all the different things that happened to me throughout my entire life. The things that sat in the back of my mind gnawing away, eating up my soul. I thought about my childhood. The time most people call their happy, carefree days. I remember only the teasing, the hateful snubs from my playmates, because I was a half-breed, Indian girl — a squaw, a redskin, a half burnt whitey. The names are still so sharp in my head; even now they make me wince. It’ hard to forget s the pain. I remember my white grandfather when I was nine years old. H e would com e to my mother’ house, (his daughter), and take s me shopping for clothes and shoes and toys — all the things she couldn’buy for t me. I had eight brothers and two sisters. I could see the relief in Mom’ face when I s would come home with pretty new clothes. My m other would tell me to be good for Grampa. She said I was a lucky little girl. (Continued on page 7) �Page 2 YVabanaki Alliance June 1980 editorials Lest w e forget Readers sometimes accuse this newspaper o f being “ nega­ tive.”Perhaps some stories do seem that way. We do not try to be negative, or look for the “ bad”news. We try to tell the whole story as best we can, and that story has its good and bad points. Our overall outlook is optimistic. We want to reflect what is best in the Indian community; not just the problems. We must not forget, or overlook, the tremendous progress and potential of the four tribes in Maine. O f the four, Penobscots and Passamaquoddies have made the most stunning material progress, in terms o f housing, schooling, health and tribal administration. All the m ore reason, as we have stated here before, to draw attention to M icmac and Maliseet people. All Indians are deserving o f the fairest shake possible. Many Indians are still getting a bad deal, but as older folks will tell you, it’nothing like the old days. s Times were lean before BIA recognition o f Maine Indians, and support from ANA (Administration for Native Americans) and the Federal Regional Council. But a not-so-funny thing has happened with all the developments: Indian culture is fading. Perhaps some traditions and old ways would fade anyway. But material progress on the reservations has hastened the cultural erosion. Why is it that people say in 30 years nobody will weave beautiful Indian baskets? People eagerly embrace a new house on the reservation, but what do they leave behind? D o they give up just an old frame house that used to be flooded by the river in the spring? Or do they give up a way o f life? What should be saved? These questions are asked by critics o f the current Indian land claims settlement, who call it a “ money settlement”that sells out tribal sovereignty. W e’ not so sure re the critics are correct. In any case, the settlement does provide a certain autonomy, and considerable acreage.. But these questions, like the loss o f basket-making or the impending disappearance o f spoken Passamaquoddy language, should be pondered. These are critical times for Indian people. We believe the controversial questions o f what is progress, and what should be preserved, need to be discussed openly. W h ose right of w a y ? T here’ some friction at Pleasant Point along the old Maine s Central Railroad right-of-way across the reservation. Although the tracks from Pembroke to Eastport were officially abandoned 18 months ago, the Railroad apparently still owns the right-of-way. Why M CR should still “ own”it is beyond our ken. The land along the shore o f the reservation was reportedly taken from the tribe in 1898. The Bangor Daily News asserts that it was bought from the tribe. This is highly unlikely. In those days, the Indians had virtually no political clout, and were at the mercy o f land-grabs. Much later, a highway (Route 190) was laid right smack down the middle o f Pleasant Point reservation. The Indians weren't paid then either. Now a salvage company is pulling up the rails, starting from Eastport, and at press time, was about half way to Pleasant Point. So a few Passamaquoddies placed a sign on the tracks that says “ Passamaquoddy Land, No Trespassing.” We agree. Before any track is pulled, the tribe should be consulted by Maine Central Railroad and state Department o f Transportation officials. Wabanaki Alliance Vol. 4, No. 6 June 1980 Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St-, Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Orono Times. Printed by Ellsworth American. Member — Maine Press Association -J j y j Kathy Tomah The following dialogue was sent to Wabanaki Alliance by Florence Mitchell Archambeau Herskind o f Fort Lauderdale, Florida: Indian Representative: “ have come before you, gentlemen, to I plead on behalf o f my tribe to manage its own lands.” Senator: “ object! On the grounds that the average Indian hasn’ I t the intelligence to manage property.” Indian: “ Why, Senator, do you think I haven’been an intelligent t representative?” Senator: “ said the ‘ I average’ Indian. You surely can ’be average, t your tribe undoubtedly would send the smartest man they had to plead their case.” Indian: “ That isn ’so, Senator. We Indians are just like the other t people in the U.S. We never send our smartest men to Congress.” /I Steven Cartwright, Editor William O ’ Neal, Associate Editor Ip \v Reporters Indian Island Houlton Pleasant Point Indian Township DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree |chairman] Carroll Stevens, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor Timothy Love, Representative to State legislature Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Jeannette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Clair Sabattis, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Phone 827-4543 Phone 532-7317 Phone 853-4654 Phone 796-2301 Indian Island Orrington Indian Township Indian Island Indian Township Old Town Houlton Houlton DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri­ butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; $6 Canada and overseas; S10 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.] �YVabanaki Alliance June 1980 Page 3 letters Art open letter Netherlands reader To the off-reservation Indian people who attended the meeting at the Portland Police Department regarding the land claims: The meeting was April 2,1980; on April 3, 1980 I sent copies of the petition you signed to the tribal governors by certified mail and within a week had the receipts back from them, so they did receive the petitions! It is now two months later and as yet we have no word from them. One month ago I called Pleasant Point Lt. Governor Clive Dore, he was supposed to see the Tribal Governor the following day and then call me back, he hasn’as yet. t If you thing that C.M.I.A. should be in­ volved in obtaining equal rights for offreservation Indians, then attend the board meeting in Portland on June 14, 1980 at 2:00 p.m. in the Public Safety Building auditorium, and express your concern to the C.M.I.A. Board of Directors. If you are interested in attending the next election at your respective reserva­ tion and voting for someone that will help off-reservation Indians please let me know in writing and I will see that you are notified of when it will be. W rite to me at: Tom Thurlow 49 N. W ater St. Old Town, Me. 04468 Nijmegen, The Netherlands To the editor: I would like to become a subscriber to Wabanaki Alliance. I do not know what costs are involved. Enclosed you will find a $10 note. If additional payment is required, please let me know. Also, I would like to receive the available back issues, and what the cost will be. Is a check required, or is it possible to send cash? Dr. Franz L. W ojciechowski Psychologisch Laboratorium Kacholieke Universiteit Island gymnasts are state champs INDIAN ISLAND — Christa King and Sherri Mitchell, Penobscot youngsters, have won an extraordinary number of titles in recent statewide gymnastics competitions. Christa, in a May 4 U.S. Gymnastics Federation meet, was first on the beam, fourth on floor, fifth all-around. Sherri was first in vaulting, and sixth overall, in that meet, according to coach-instructor Vicki Daigle of Bangor. In a May 8 Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) meet, Christa took fourth place vaulting, third place on balance beam, fourth on floor exercises, and fifth allaround. Sherri was third in the vault, first on uneven parallel bars, and fouth overall. The girls will com pete June 28, against Nova Scotia gymnasts, in Bangor. Angry Penobscot To the editor: If anyone gets fired from his tribal job that person can go to a grievance commit­ tee. This is made up of three council members, and they are supposed to make decision if the firing was right or wrong. In December, there was a case like this. The governor went to the m eeting and pushed what he wanted. He didn’even let t council mem bers make a small decision. So why have a council? Can anyone answer me that? An Angry Penobscot P.S. I don’ dare to use my real name t because I might lose my job. Commiseration To the editor: Received your letter that said you must now start charging for your paper. In­ flation is hurting us all as we are having the same problems, meaning lack of funds. We would like to continue receiving your publication on an “ exchange o f publi­ cation”basis. It is understood that your letter may have been sent to every one on your mailing list and possibly was not in­ tended for us. We hope your paper can continue as it is a very good and informative publication. Hope this finds all of you enjoying good health and that many good things com e to you and your publication/organization in the future. Robert Melson Talking Leaf newspaper The graduates Barbara Pehrson, left, and Josie Neptune, are recent graduates of a seven week Bangor Adult Education program, conducted at Bangor High School. Pehrson is a homemaker, and Neptune a nurse’ assistant, with Penobscot Department of Health and Social s Services at Indian Island. Indian woman gets law degree PORTLAND — Debra Elaine Stokes, Penobscot tribal member, was awarded her Juris Doctor degree from University of Maine School of Law, at a May 25 com­ mencement. A 1977 graduate of^College of Charles­ ton in South Carolina, Stokes is the first Maine Indian woman to receive a law degree. She is the daughter of Olin D. and Elizabeth Nicolar Stokes. Her m other is a native of Indian Island; her aunt, Emma Francis, is an Indian Island resident. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Owned Homes For Sale in Washington County Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY ANYONE CAN BUY YOU DON’ HAVE TO T BE A VETERAN See Your Local Real E state Broker Or Contact IN THE FAMILY — The late Patrick Shay, Penobscot from Indian Island, left, legally adopted Karl Toney, center, on May 30, in his room at Eastern Maine Medical Center. He died June 4, and will b e buried in traditional custom in the Penobscot Nation. With him in photo is his wife, Isabelle, and Gkisedtanamoogk, medicine man of the Wampanoag Nation, in Mashpee, Mass. Shay will be buried in a sitting position, facing east, with totem pole as marker. Rt. 1, Moulton Road, Woodland 3 bedroom, garage — $28,000.00 — $500.00 D.P. Main Street, Princeton 4 bedroom, garage. $29,500.00 $500.00 D.P. No. Lubec Road, Lubec 3 bedroom, garage — $31,500.00 — $500.00 D.P. 9 Academy Street, Calais 4 bedroom, ready to move into — $29,000.00 — $500.00 D.P. All VA financed 1 'A % interest rate 3 VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance June 1980 Petitioners aw ait reply on tribal constitution SOUTH WINDHAM — At least 52 offreservation Passamaquoddy tribal mem­ bers have signed a petition to tribal government, seeking establishment of a tribal constitution to set forth and protect their rights. The signers of the petition, who are natives of Pleasant Point and Indian Township reservations, live mostly in the Portland area. The petition states in part: “ We would like to see some type of constitution established by the respective iribes stating what the rights of each :ribal member (are), both on and off reservation. And also (to) be notified of when the elections are held for tribal government and when various votes are taken that affect the tribe as a whole.” The petitioners were prevented by tribal government from voting in a recent referendum on the joint PassamaquoddyPenobscot land claims settlement propo­ sal. To date, we feel left out of everything and we feel that our strengths should be unified instead of split, and hope that you feel the same. Please notify us of your decision, thank you,” petition says. the However, a spokesman for the Passa­ maquoddy petitioners said several weeks have passed, and there has been no response from tribal government. The petition was sent to Indian Township Gov. Harold J. Lew ey and council members, and Pleasant Point Gov. Robert Newell and council members. Do,ma Lor“g signs '"operative agreement with Penobscot Consortium |CE1AJ Director Charles Tetro, while Karen Shorette of CMIA looks on. CMIA sign s c o o p e r a tiv e pact BANGOR — A first-of-its-kind agree­ ment has been worked out between Penobscot Consortium and Central Maine Indian Association (CMIA), to share resources and provide better job service to off-reservation Indians. “ s been unique for us here. It’ going It’ s to substantially increase the number of Native Americans participating in our programs,” said Charles Tetro, consor­ tium executive director. The consortium administers federal CETA jobs in the area. “ What we’ looking for is a fair share in re CETA allocations,”explained CMIA Di­ rector Donna Loring, adding that Tribal Governors Inc., sponsor of Indian CETA programs, cut CMIA from $38,000 to $15,200 at a recent meeting, and allowed the off-reservation group one and one-half job slots. She said the new inter-agency agreement will improve recruitment, management and planning. Indian s e e k s Senate seat Indian Township graduates of crash injury management course. |Kathy Tomah Photo] crash injury course CMIA ^ subcontractors INDIAN TOWNSHIP - The following , OEONO - Central Maine Indian Assopeople completed the CIM course spon- ciation is currently looking for Indian sored by Wayne Newell, director of Indian people (if possible) to sub contract out for Township Community Health Service fuel (wood and oil) and blankets for our rogram. Winter 1980 Crisis Intervention Program. Karen Buchanan, Rose Neptune, Cheryl If anyone has any com petitive prices on Bacon, Paula Bryant, Doris Chapman, these goods, please contact Marta at Martha Barstis, Sonja Dorn. 866-5587. Hearing set June 9 on health center suspensions INDIAN ISLAND — Five employees at Penobscot Health and Social Services De­ partment face a grievance hearing June 9, before the tribal council. Two w ere sus­ pended six weeks without pay, and three placed on probation three months. The hearing com es on the heels of the suspension of clinic director Dr. Eunice Baumann-Nelson and her assistant, Denise Mitchell. Tribal nurse Ruth Davis, health planner Maynard Krieder and nurse practitioner Phoebe Gray were placed on probation. The group of five have alleged in letters to acting health center dirctor Timothy Love that they were denied due process, and grounds for action taken against them were not substantial. The d isa gre em en t b e tw e en health center staff, and the tribal governor and council, apparently stem from an incident several months ago when three health center em ployees left the building to assist Stanley Neptune of Indian Island, who was at the time in confrontation with tribal police. Gov. Wilfred Pehrson maintains the employees, Neana Neptune, Philip Guimond and Vicki Almenas, had no right to leave their posts during working hours. Baumann-Nelson argues that the three had permission of acting supervisors to leave the workplace. Other issues of dispute include reim­ bursement for a trip to Nashville and how it should be handled, confidentiality of medical records, and payment of medical costs outside the Penobscot clinic service area, sources told a reporter. In a related matter, nurse Davis has decided against resignation from her job, and will be retained on a consulting basis. Former U.S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs Morris Thompson (1973-76) has announced his intentions to run for the Senate seat now held by Senator Mike Gravel. D-Alaska. Thompson, an Atha­ bascan Indian who is President of the Alaska Federation of Natives, is one of five candidates for the Republican nom­ ination. Don Wright, also an Athabascan and a form er AFN President, is also a candidate. COMMERCIAL “ We went to the consortium because they agreed to give us an equitable share," Loring said. CMIA will remain a member of Tribal Governors. Tetro said “ technical assistance and staff development resources will be avail­ able as if they (CMIA) w ere our own staff.” cited computer use and training He opportunities as examples. The agreement was signed last month in Tetro’office. s WABANAKI CORPORATION ALCOHOLISM COUNSELORS AND THEIR LOCATIONS: Old Town Rosalie Clark 866-5577 Clarence Francis 866-5577 Pleasant Point Grace Roderick 853-2537 Ralph Dana 853-2537 f Northern Maine Alfred Dana 866-5577 Caribou Area Pious Perley 532-7317 Harriet Perley 532-7317 Portland Area George Paul 499-7589 Indian Township Bernard Stevens 796-2301 James Mitchell 796-230’ RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL Hl^ockbeson & SorT BUILDERS PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS CUSTOM BUILT HOMES/RENOVATIONS CONCRETE WORK/MASONRY FINISH & ROUGH CARPENTRY GENERAL CONTRACTING/SUB-CONTRACTING 942-6630 947-4163 One Merchants Plaza - Bangor �Wabanaki Alliance June 1980 Opinion Outreach worker an ally of people in need by Brenda Polchies The outreach worker — a non-profes­ sional worker with a non-professional name applied to a human being who is in a position to reach, make contact, and get down to the level o f the regular people, the common people, the white people and the Indian people in Aroostook County. The only qualifications needed are an ability to get along with people, to exercise good judgment in dealing with clients, and to have a real understanding of the poor economic conditions of rural people. The outreach worker com es across all facets of living. The non-professional work­ er communicates with the young, unwed mother, the senior citizen, the alcoholic, the drug addict, the migrant and transient client. These are individual people with dissimilar destinies. In the rural environment of Aroostook County, days and weeks can go by without a glimpse or presence of another human being. People living in isolated situations welcome and extend a warmth to you — they are glad for the chance to relate, to communicate, to tell you of family situations and personal problems. They tell you what the doctor prescribed for medication for a physical ailment; they tell you the problem they had with the landlord. What are these forms that came in the mail today? D o I have to go see these people about my SSI? Where can I go to get the right kind of assistance? Fuel is so expensive this year, and I can’afford another 100 gals, of fuel oil t — do I qualify for energy assistance at the so and so agency in Presque Isle? The outreach worker is able to perform tasks which are ordinarily assigned to professional people. The outreach worker can soothe the troubled mind of an alcoholic mother; the outreach worker is put in the position of dealing with agencies on behalf of clients who m eet up with red tape and who cannot understand the complicated system which doles out assistance provided that the client m eets endless guideline rules. More than anything else, these people just need to know there is an ally, an advocate — a friend who understands and does not condemn. Just the plain fact of being able to talk to someone and for that someone really to listen and make no judgments, this is what is needed. The physical presence of another person does more, accomplishes m ore in terms of up­ lifting morale, and it says to the young, unwed mother, the senior citizen, the alcoholic, the drug addict, the migrant and transient client — hey, you’ not alone re after all. Someone out there knows I’ m here. Poetry Love I It happened so cool so calm and collected time didn’matter t we both felt protected The night was young and the moon so bright I hoped all along our intentions w ere right Our quick reactions was part of the story but we didn’mind t we w ere in our glory Like a star that falls it wasn’expected t I felt pretty good the night was perfective The question was why that I was the one to fall in her arms and hide from the sun Was there an event sometime before which made her decide to open the door Untitled I have cut my hair, said goodbye to granite ledges, upcountry hills and places of primitive power Stopped thinking of old men with blind eyes and warriors’ hearts remembered every word, touch, shared silence and the frigid pool deep in beech woods where we swam and embraced like awkward children. I have stopped trying not to love you. Lately I have taken to roaming salt water meadows, to sleeping under apple trees gone wild. Like them, I face the sea My dreams are not disturbed by summer wind Or doubt. I have forgiven you. Scarlet Kinney (copyright) Was it the night or the moon alone somehow it happened I’ not yet known ve James Francis Love II Who says I’ yours m who says you’ mine re our so called love has just declined It’shaded black s like stormy clouds and there you are ju st sitting proud Your lifeless heart has got no end for love with you is just pretend BIKE GANG - Out for a spin at Peter Dana Point, Indian Township, are these five youngsters doing their “ relies." Just as cool is Melissa Mitchell of Indian Island, wh below, who had to slow down for the photographer to focus his camera. Page 5 Pretending to be the love so good and that you think I’ made of wood m you burnt m e up and what remained was left to face the endless pain. James Francis SPECIAL W INTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR SEASONAL WORKERS A T T E N T IO N You or someone you know may be eligible for a new winter assistance program for seasonal and migrant workers. This program is basically for in­ dividuals and families who have not received the regular fuel assistance that the state of Maine has offered this winter. YOU MAY BE ELIGIBLE IF: 1. You or someone in your family has worked at least 25 days in the last two years in seasonal agriculture, woods work, fishing, clamming, fish packing, fir tipping, or other seasonal farm, fish or forest occupations. This includes clamdigging, berry raking, potato pick­ ing, haying, working as a woodcutter on someone else’land or cutting wood s on your own land, work in food pro­ cessing plants that is not year round, etc. If you are not sure whether your work qualifies you. get in touch and ask. WHAT KINDS OF ASSISTANCE ARE AVAILABLE? Under this program you may receive assistance which will enable you to pay for the following kinds of items and services: 1. FUEL (any kind, including wood, oil, kerosene, coal) 2. UTILITY BILLS which are due or overdue 3. LP GAS 4. WARM CLOTHING AND BLANKETS 5. STOVES AND REPAIRS TO FURNACES AND HEATING SYSTEMS 6. FOOD 7. M EDICAL CARE 8. Some RENT ASSISTANCE in in special circumstances If you think you or someone you know may be eligible for the kinds of assistance outlined here, please send a postcard to: ECAP Outreach Worker, Route 1 Box 74-1, Steuben, Maine , 04680. Give your name, address and phone (if you have one). Or call: 5467293 or toll free in Maine at 1-800-4321766 for more information. IMPORTANT! YOU MUST APPLY BEFORE JUNE 30, 1980. �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance June 1980 Child welfare ultimately up to Indian people our side, and general acceptance of the fact that placing Indian children out of their own culture m ore often adds to their problems than helps them, we hope to The first week in May marked the end never see a “ resort case.” last of scheduled meetings for the subcommit­ We have met no strong opposition to tees of the Governor’ Task Force on s our goals within the Governor’ Task s Foster Care and Adoption. Force. The torch now remains to be taken Now the Task Force itself is faced with the chore of taking the subcommittee’ by us, the Indian people. s We at Central Maine Indian Association recommendations and suggestions and are now experiencing a better attitude of molding them into a final draft which will cooperation between ourselves and gov­ be presented to the Governor. ernmental agencies concerning Indian C entral M aine Indian A ssociation foster children. Our office has already (CMIA) has taken pains to present the been asked to intervene in certain foster problems facing Indian children to the care cases by Department of Human Task Force and subcommittees. W e have stressed the lack of Indian Social Work­ Services. This in itself is a milestone for ers, unfair licensing procedures and atti­ Indian Foster Care in Maine. Central Maine Indian Association and tudes, and removal of Indian children to the reservations will b e working hand-innon-Indian foster or adoptive homes as hand to see that if an Indian child has to three of the biggest problems in this area enter the foster care system he/she will today. W e have been working to educate our­ be placed with the best possible family, not a family that has no cultural connec­ selves and others about “ The Indian Child tion or concerns. Welfare Act of 1978”which, when fully However, none of the good things being implemented, will make things easier for done will have meaning if there are no Indian foster children. The Act states that Indian foster homes for our children. If Indian children in foster care are to be placed with a member of their family as a you think you know of an Indian child first priority, or with a member of their being taken illegally, or better yet, if you are interested in providing a foster or tribe, as second priority, and with another Indian family as third priority. Only as a adoptive home for an Indian child, please feel free to contact Central Maine Indian “ last resort”can an Indian child now be placed with a non-Indian family. Unfortu­ Association, at 95 Main Street, Orono, nately, this applies only to Federally rec­ Maine — phone: 866-5587. There will be a lot of “ red faces”if a “ last resort”case ognized tribes, which is another thorn to occurs because there are no Indian homes be plucked. With the “ Indian Child Welfare Act”on to take Indian children. by Freeman A. Morey CMIA Outreach Worker Lori Nelson, sister Kelly and friend Scott Therrien. Island student in honor society Kelly’ older sister, Lori, will graduate s INDIAN ISLAND — Seventeen-yearold Kelly Nelson, a Penobscot and this June from Old Town High School, and daughter of Lorraine Nelson, has been plans to attend an eight week health admitted to the National Honor Society science training program for Indians, in for her achievements at Old Town High Michigan, this summer. School. Interested in biology and Spanish, she said she hopes to pursue physical therapy, possibly at University of Vermont. She is vice president of the student council, and is a junior class representative. She has been a cheerleader for basketball at Old ■ --rt Town High. SUBSCRIBE NOW T O Kelly is a topnotch runner, and the track team has a 3-1 record. She has qualified for regional competitions with a time of 2:44.5. T E Emmons death recalls termination era KING WOODSTOVES Complete with automatic heaters Reg. $448.95 — Now $399.95 HARDWARE & GUN SHOP TOM VIC AIRE, Proprietor O pportunity. Wabanaki Alliance, Maine’ only s Indian newspaper, now offers advertising at reasonable rates. Take advantage of an opportunity to reach about 3,500 readers — most of them Indian persons — through a display advertisement o f your choice. Call or write us for rates and other information. WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 Main St. Orono, Maine 04473 Tel. |2071 866-4903 The only Indian-owned hardware business in the State o f Maine “ re eager to do business with people We’ in the Indian community,” says Tom. The store carries a full line o f tools, electrical and plumbing supplies, paint and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine new and used guns. See Our Garden Supplies and Tools For all your hardware and hunting needs, visit — MATT AW AMKE AG HARDWARE & GUN SHOP and sample some good Indian hospitality and service. t, DEACON’ TRUCK — There’no mistaking the pickup owned by Brother Larry Smith S s of Pleasant Point, who is a strong advocate of preserving and teaching the Passamaquoddy language. “ Sesuhs” means Jesus, or the Lord. RUBBERMAID PARTIES If you are interested in having a Rubbermaid party or perhaps becom ­ ing a Rubbermaid dealer in your area and want to make some extra money, get in touch with: DEBBIE MITCHELL 14 OAK HILL STREET INDIAN ISLAND OLD TOWN, MAINE 04468 Or call during the day at 827-5513. i SESUHS MM At the age of 84, former Commissioner of Indian Affairs Glenn Emmons (1953-61) died March 14 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A banker from Gallup, New Mexico, Emmons was appointed by Presi­ dent Eisenhower. He served as Commis­ sioner when U.S. Indian policy stressed termination, state jurisdiction on reserva­ tions and the relocation of Indians from the reservations to the cities. ' ■ v iz :' I . -.. ............ _ • -------------- .a /*--- . r r i _ = k jJIPli m M P u L E S HAND CARVED INDIAN CRAFTS Totem poles, Wabanaki war clubs, canes, miniature totem poles, carved letter openers with Indian heads. Also som e jewelry. For more information call Claude Dennis at 1-207-827-7674 or write to Stan Neptune, 111 Oak Hill, Indian Island, Old Town, Maine 04468. Cheryls Place Now open for business. Selling novelties, toys, games, clothes, jewelry, small appliances, etc. There is a 10% discount for Native Americans, either bring this ad or your hunting and fishing license for verification. W e will donate $1.00 to Wabanaki Alliance for every person that brings this ad and spends $5.00 or more. Cheryl Hodgkin and Tom Thurlow 820 G ray Road (Route 202) South W indham , M aine 04082 �YYabanaki Alliance June 1980 (Continued from page 1 ) An Indian woman's ordeal When my grandfather and I would go into a store in town, many people would com e up to him and shake his hand and talk to him. He was well loved by everyone. I remembered the first night he raped me. At the age of nine, a child will believe almost anything, especially from someone she loves. My grandfather would tell me if I told anyone what he did to me, I would be put in jail. He also said my mother would be mad at me because he would buy me no new clothes. I loved Momma. I couldn’ do anything t to hurt her or make her mad at me, so I kept it to myself. For sixteen years I never told anyone. My silence was from fear, from shame and also from guilt. I thought about my first marriage. I was sixteen. It ended up in a divorce after only one year. It left me with a beautiful baby girl which I raised m yself for three years alone. I remarried at nineteen. He was a good and gentle man. I gave Tom tw o more daughters. W e w ere very happy. W e lived right next to his parents in our new little house. One day his father, who seemed a second father to me, came up to visit me while Tom was at work. He tried to molest me. I fought him off. He left, but he left me with all the old memories of my grandfather.^ Everything about that hor­ rible time in my life came flooding my mind. I had a nervous breakdown three days later. I was in a mental ward for two dreadful, long months. The doctors I had at the hospital put m e on so many strong drugs I became an addict. I couldn’function as a t normal person. I shook violently. I lost sixty pounds in one month, necessitating intravenous feeding. I was a mess. Friends stayed away The road to recovery was hard and rocky. Slowly I made it, but things had changed with my family. My husband never touched m e again, the way he used to do. My friends stayed away; they didn't want to “ disturb”me. My brothers and sisters were so shocked by the facts they learned about my grand­ father and me, they just stayed away also. My mother just cried. However, I still had my children. They loved me just as much. Sarah was eight, Amy was four, Kathy was two years old. I loved them so. My eyes were getting heavy now. The blood covered my bed. I was glad my last thoughts would be of my babies. I love them so much. Who would kiss them in the mornings? Who would wipe their nose? Who would tell them Mommy loved them, but she felt she had to go? My husband made it clear to me I was not to be trusted with my own children. He said he was afraid it would be too much for me to take care of them after my “ disease." We fought a lot about this. Sometimes we got bitter. Many times he was cruel. He told me if w e ever split up I would never have the children. After all, I had a mental record and he would use this against me in court. W e grew farther and farther apart. I knew I could lose my babies. The thought broke my heart. I loved them so. If only I could hold them one last time. If only I could kiss their sweet, chubby cheeks. If only I could be there to wipe away their tears when they found out Mommy was gone. I would tell them they were my heart, I love them so. A deep, peaceful sleep I fell asleep then. It was a deep, peaceful sleep. Then, suddenly, someone broke my peace. I felt a rush of air in my lungs. A man was pounding on my heart. I heard someone cry, “ Thank God, I think she’ s alive!” They took the oxygen mask off my face. I opened m y eyes and saw the two paramedics who w ere working over me. I saw my sister crying, shaking with fear. They brought me in the ambulance to the hospital. There they pumped my stomach and gave me blood transfusions. My sister. Sherry, stayed with me at the hospital. She said she saw my car in tne yard so she stopped in to have coffee with me. When she looked through the window in my door, she saw the kitchen floor covered with blood. She tried to break the window but she couldn’ I have special t. glass in all my windows. She ran down to my mother-in-law’. s house because she rem em bered Louise had an extra key to my house. She told Louise to give her the key and call an am­ bulance. My white mother-in-law said “ No I don’ want to get involved.” Sherry t screamed at her, “ For God’sake, at least s Carter cuts BIA budget by $41 million WASHINGTON — Bureau of Indian Affairs’1981 budget request has been reduced by $40.2 million as a part of President Carter’ anti-inflation program. s The President’revised budget proposals, s sent to Congress March 31, cut som e $15 billion from the total U.S. budget Con­ gress received Jan. 28. Proposed cuts for the Bureau call for closing o f two off-reservation boarding schools. Keep in touch ... The largest reductions, however, will be brought about by delaying irrigation project funding ($22.3 million) and road construction ($10.8 million). The new budget proposal would reduce funding for the operation of Indian programs by $7.1 million. This includes $1 million from the closing of the tw o schools; $4.1 million in personnel compensation; $1.7 million for supplies and equipment, and $300,000 from a program to recruit Subscribe now! M AIL T O W AB A N A K I ALLIANCE, 95 M A IN STR EET, O R O N O , M A IN E 04473 W ABAN AKI ALLIANCE SU B SC R IP T IO N FO R M (Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance) Name Street City/Town and State . Page 7 I EN CLOSE: 1 I$5 for one year ......................................... 1 ____1 (Individual—U.S.) $6 for one year 1__ 1 _ (Canada) j 1 $10 for one year 1 1 ___ (Institutional rate) .................................. Donation (Amount) Zip Code --- Indians into various starting-level profes­ sional positions in the Bureau. If the Stewart and Fort Sill schools are closed, the students can be accommodated in other Bureau schools, the Office of Indian Education Program s has indicated. A large proportion of the students now enrolled at the tw o schools are from out-of-state. Stewart has a current enroll­ ment o f 409 and Fort Sill has 160. The 1981 fiscal year begins October 1 , 1980. INDIAN JEW ELRY Indian-handmade quality w edding (or friendship) bands. These are Zunimade, with cut stones, fine quality, and sterling silver. Describe your needs and_exact size (estimate lk size above your regular size) and I will do m y best to locate. Average cost will be $30 each plus postage; none higher than $40. I will send cost statement for your approval before shipping C.O.D. I will also fill orders for other handmade Indian jew elry items if you describe what you want. Sue Stevens 3812 Monroe N.E. Albuquerque, N.M. 87110 give me the key!”She grabbed the key from Louise’ hand and raced back up to s my house. She called the paramedics, then tried to stop my bleeding. She slapped my face several times but she got no response. She tried to find a pulse or a heartbeat but she could detect none. She thought that I was dead. My husband came into my hospital room a little while later. He showed me his concern by saying, “ How could you do something so stupid. All you wanted was attention.” I’ thought a lot about that. It’a hard ve s way to get attention. If I w ere trying to just get attention from him why did I have to go so far as I did to get it? I don’ put t the blame on him or" anyone else for that matter. I did what I did because of myself. If one learns to hate and be ashamed of oneself, one learns one has no worth, no purpose in life. I’ changed my way of thinking a little ve bit now. I know that what happened between me and my grandfather wasn’ t my fault. Still the shame and som e of the guilt are still here. I go to a psychiatrist once a week and we talk a lot. I have also learned my husband can’ t use my mental record against me in court. I’ learning to forgive myself and m others who have hurt me. I’ learning I m have to try to love myself. I’ not the m “ bad girl”I always thought I was. I’ a m good person with a lot to give. Editor’ Note: Diane Edwards, 26, (not s her real name), a Penobscot, is currently attending college, majoring in mental health. W AN TED Handmade miniatures suitable for fur­ nishings in or around miniature houses built to a scale of 1” = 1 foot. Especially (but not exclusively) in­ terested in baskets of all types, cradles, birchbark items, or other things not found in the ordinary toy shop. These have to be well made, and to scale. Prefer natural colors. Send a sketch, photo or description, or better yet a sample, and your asking price per item. Business will be conducted on a C.O.D. basis. Sue Stevens 3812 Monroe N.E. Albuquerque, N.M. 87110 CAN’ FIND A JOB? T TRY THE Job Corps Would you like to be trained as a ... Bookkeeper Secretary/Stenographer Clerk Typist Nursing Assistant If you are 16 to 21 and not in school, the Penobscot Job Corps Center has training programs which may be of interest to you. The Penobscot Job Corps Center provides all trainees with a place to live, meals, health care and a cash monthly stipend while you learn. And when you finish, w e’ also help you ll find a job. SOUND GOOD? IT J S GOOD. ASK FOR JOB CORPS —in the Portland area—775-7225 —in the Auburn area—786-4190 —in the Bangor area—947-0755 —or toll free anywhere in Maine at 1-800-432-7307 ASK FOR JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance June 1980 Flashback photo news notes Mashpee Indians plan gala weekend MASHPEE, Mass. — All night drum­ ming is part of festivities planned here by ihe Wampanoag tribe, July 4-6. Prizes will be given in a dance contest, including traditional and fancy. Canoeing, foot races, archery and fire ball, plus a “ princess contest,” are on the agenda. Crafts, a clam bake Sunday and bean supper Saturday, will be featured. Space is available for camping. For further infor­ mation contact Mashpee Wampanoag tribal council, Box 1048, Mashpee, Mass. 02649. Gates open at 1 p.m. Health staff attend Arizona meeting All-nations powwow planned Four health w ork ers re p re se n tin g Passamaquoddy and Penobscot health departments attended a recent meeting in Tempe, Arizona. Present at the April 18-23 session were Ruth Davis and Natalie Mitchell from Indian Island, Sonja Dorn from Indian Township, and Hazel Dana from Pleasant Point. The event was called American Indian and Alaska Native Nurses con­ vention. Mitchell joins marines INDIAN ISLAND - Burnell Mitchell, Penobscot, joined the U.S. Marine Corps last month, and has been assigned to Parris Island, S.C., for training. Mitchell is married to the former Pauline Benally, a Navajo. They have a baby daughter, Marissa. Mitchell is the son of Juanita and Matthew Mitchell Sr., of Indian Island. BISMARCK, N.D. — A variety of prizes in various categories of singing and dancing will be offered at an all-nations powwow, slated June 21-22, at United Tribes Educational Center. Total prizes amount to $3,325. Both fancy and tradi­ REMEMBER WHEN — Can any of our readers date this very early photo of teacher tional styles will be performed. and pupils at Indian Island school on the Penobscot reservation? The school in background has been expanded over the years to its present size, and is today said to be too small. This photo, a postcard printed in Germany for Berry Paper Co. of Lewiston, Sapiel a poster finalist was lent to Wabanaki Alliance by Pastor Donald Daigle of Indian Island Baptist Church. ORONO — Jennie E. Sapiel, a fifth grader at Asa C. Adams School, has been notified that for her entry in the Educa­ t io n Ecology Poem and Poster Program, she has been selected as a finalist. An official of the Awareness Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, has announced that this is the second highest award in the program and only 200 en­ trants out of more than 7,000 w ere selected as finalists. Three resign from development office INDIAN ISLAND — Three staff mem­ bers of Penobscot Department of Em ­ ployment and Development resigned re­ cently. One of them complained recently about his situation. Elwin (Al) Sapiel, told Wabanaki Alli­ ance he quit his job because, “ would’ we ve been let go anyway, sooner or later. I can’ t get no help over here. I have to go outside Correction A front page story in last month’ s Wabanaki Alliance incorrectly stated that Maynard Krieder, placed on probation by the Penobscot tribal council, was records clerk with the Indian Island health center. Krieder is the health planner with the clinic. the reservation for som e technical assist­ ance,” said. he Sapiel acknowledged he has had “ dis­ agreem ents about different things”in the past, with tribal Gov. Wilfred Pehrson, his half-brother. Also resigning w ere Sheila Sapiel and Alison Sapiel. The three DED em ployees w ere replaced by Kenneth Paul, Lee Cameron and a receptionist. Richard Hamilton has replaced George Tomer as director of the department. NCAI slates conference WASHINGTON — National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) has schedul­ ed its mid-year conference June 18-20, at Reno, Nevada. Plans are, to “ receive and strengthen" the role of these committees. Have you got their number? Pleasant Point reservation has a new “ PBX" centralized phone system, with one general connecting number: 853-2551, Learning about the pushbutton phone system with new equipment are, from left, Barbara Dana, Katha Seeley, Beatrice Soctomah, Thomas Lewey, Cindy Lola, Mary Lola. Helen Frydel of New England Telephone conducted the class. SKITIKUK OUTFITTERS Specialists in Wilderness Travel SALES - RENTALS - GUIDE SERVICE Featuring IGAS Island Packs and Travelling G ea r C O M E BY A N D SEE US 38 Main St. O ron o 866-4878 PATTERN NO. 200 Filet crochet or cross stitch em broidery squares for afghan or bedspread. Send $1.75 plus 25c for postage and handling to PATTERNS P.O. Box 3061 Portland, Maine 04104 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Other Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance </em>(June 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Division of Indian Services, Indian Resource Center, Orono, ME Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-06 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Description An account of the resource The June 1980 issue of the <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> covers many important topics, such as Native child welfare, a woman's ordeal with suicide, local poetry, and a local worker's ordeal as an ally of people in need. Some of these are major issues for the Native community, and as such they take up a greater amount of space in the paper than the rest of the stories. <br /><br />One article, entitled “Child Welfare Ultimately Left Up To Indian People,” talks about the the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978. This legislation was a major stepping stone for the Native people of Maine. It states that Indian children in foster care will be placed with a member of their family as a first priority, or with a member of their tribe as a secondary priority, and with another indian family as a third priority. Only as a ‘last resort’ will this child be given up to a non-Indian family. The Act tried to ensure that Native peoples could maintain their cultural influence on their children, as well as making sure the culture of these tribes stay alive within each new generation, as opposed to the “pencil genocide” that had been the policy of North American governments since the birth of the colonial period. <br /><br />This newspaper also includes many advertisements typically found in newspapers, but clearly targeted for a Native American population. One large ad for “Cheryl's Place” states that “There is a 10% discount for Native Americans” if they bring identification, and promises to donate “One dollar to the Wabanaki Alliance” for every purchase of five dollars or more at the store. There are also more mentions of Indian-owned shops such as gun stores and totem pole sales, as well as many job opportunities being offered by the people advertising these products in the paper.  <br /><br />The article “An Indian Woman’s Ordeal With Suicide” is a personal story of a Penobscot woman who attempted to take her life. She grew up with family violence as well as constant criticism from her classmates for being Native American. After recovering from her attempt she began the process of healing. Finally, the opinion piece, “An Outreach Worker An Ally Of People In Need,” speaks about an outreach worker's effect on the Native people of Aroostook County, and about helping to combat the loneliness that comes along with living in Aroostook County. This article mentions the many services that an outreach worker provides, such as aid for those with addictions, outreach to lonely mothers, and dealing with other companies and such on behalf of the people of Aroostook County. <br /><br /><br /> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used in consultation with Steven Cartwright, editor of the <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/82b9052a14ab55c2b50c97ce0e02ac68.pdf db2c01da88cfa75a000d6d999a6052c2 PDF Text Text Vitf ■ art is Indian CREATIVE W RITING AW ARDS — In an effort to stimulate creative writing amo/ig-young people, the Indian Resource Center is soliciting original short stories, poetry, research reports, etc. by Indian youth 18 years or younger. Cash awards totaling S300 will be provided, during the next 12 months, to Indian youth submitting original work, the content of which relates to Indian life. All award winning material will be published in future editions o f the Wabanaki Alliance. This is being planned as an on-going event. The deadlinefo r the first go-around of material is June IS. All material should be sent'to the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main Street, Orono, Me. 04173. Indian ON THE WAY TO LUNCH — Indian youth representing the Penobscots, Passamaquoddies and the Association of Aroostook Indians met at the Indian Resource Center in Orono April 17 to discuss their involvement in present and future youth programs. The group, which numbered ^ o u t 40 in all discussed present youth activities, ways to increase youth participation and involvement in tribal attairs and future youth programs. The group concluded its meeting by affirming the need for additional �Wabanaki Alliance Page 1 Plan Developed to Attack Alcoholism In th e last edition o f the W abanaki A lliance, con­ siderable coverage was given to an alcoholism conference held by th e D epartm ent of Indian A ffairs. Since that conference, many people in the Indian community have acted to bring about a change in the conditions which cause abusive drinking by many Maine Indian people. At a meeting of tribal governors, AAI officials and interested citizens from each reservation and Aroos­ took County, an advisory board to the Department of Indian Affairs was expanded. At this meeting, which was held at the Indian Resource Center in Orono, the group was informed by DIA staff that resources for Alcoholism programs would soon be made available from the Nat ional Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse; this money had been impounded by President Nixon, but was recently released as a result of a court order. Those representing the reservations and AAI expressed a desire to seek these funds for assistance to Maine Indians. It was decided at this meeting, held January 14, that a planning committee with represen­ tatives from each reservation and AAI would.continue to meet to formulate a proposal based on the research findings of the DIA. The proposal was then to be taken back to each of the reservations for comment and review. Following this local comment and review, a finalized proposal was to be drafted and sent to Washington, D.C. Each of these phases has been accomplished and the document has been sent. The planning committee, which consisted of Hazel Dana, Pleasant Point; George Stevens, Indian Town­ ship; Mike Ranco, Indian Island; Richard Price, AAI; and DIA and Resource Center staff, began a series of meetings in late January to develop the proposal. Research provided by the DIA showed that alcoholism appeared to be more prevalent among Maine Indian people than among the general American Indian population. This sam e data, however, showed th a t, alcoholism prevention, treatment and rehabilitation services have been almost totally unavailable to Maine Indians in the past and that what services were available have not had a good rate of success dealing with Indian peoples. It was pointed out that Indian health care in Maine is sadly in need of upgrading, and for many Indian people, dental care is almost non-existent. Confronted with this and a great deal more specific data, the planning committee felt, that only a program which would deal with the whole individual and his health would be acceptable. The proposal prepared by the planning committee contained three systems of assistance to Maine’s Indian communities. A prevention system has been designed to help pre-alcoliolics, early alcoholics and victims of alcoholism meet and satisfy those basic human needs which, if untended, may lead to alcoholic behavior and alcoholism. This system includes a broad range of service, including medical and dental care, job prospects, rec­ reation, group therapy, individual counseling, herit­ age enrichment and increased educational opportun­ ity. A maintenance system has been designed to meet the immediate needs and heighten the hopes of those older individuals suffering as a result of chronic alcoholism. This system will provide shelter, counsel­ ing, emergency medical care at the local level and a program of rest, recreation and therapy at a centralized all Indian halfway house. A rehabilitation system has been designed to restore the individual to a better condition of health and to restore the individual to a more useful and constructive role in his community. All of these systems, or parts of them, according to the proposal, would be employed at each reservation and at Houlton and Caribou in Aroostook County should the proposal be funded. A physician, dentist and community health nurse would be employed if the program were funded, to provide medical evaluations and preventive health care for the Indian family. The prevention system also includes youth counselors and youth community workers who will be DISCUSSING DEVELOPMENT OF GRANT — From left, George Tomer, Alberta Nicola, Clarence Francis and Governor Matthew Sappier, discuss how to obtain involvement in the development of an NIAAA grant. HOW TO PROCEED — Edwin Mitchell, left, Indian Island, and Perley Giggy, Bangor, listen as what Mill be necessary to complete an NIAAA grant is explained. BEING CONSIDERED FOR HALFWAY HOUSE — This camp at Princeton is one site being examined for its potential as an all Indian halfway house treatment u m n ln v ^ rt n n p a r h r e s e r v a ti o n and in Aroostook employed on each reservation County. The youth counselor will be responsible for exploring with the community and with the individual what they consider a worthy use of leisure time. This individual will also work with young people to help them live with parents who arc recovering alcoholics.’ Counselors will develop, according to the proposal, such programs as AL-A-Teen and will work with those in education who are concerned with creating the best possible attitudes in children. Youth counselors will also work with the rehabilitation staff specializing in employment so that they may have access to job and training prospects. Recreation programs will be developed by the youth community workers. “These programs will be the product of what the youth counselor and the community have decided would be a good use of leisure time,” the proposal states. The youth community workers would coordinate and promote sports programs. Indian games, community picnics and arts and crafts work designed to heighten individual awareness of heritage, according to the proposal. Alcoholism counselors will work directly with the local alcoholic and his family, bridging the gaps between preventive, maintenance and rehabilitation services. They will serve as an intake point, according to the proposal, for persons who require intensive treatment of the sort that will be provided at the treat­ ment and rehabilitation center. The proposed maintenance system would provide life support to the chronic alcoholic, meeting first his shelter needs and then his medical evaluation and treatment needs. When these basics have been provided, the individual, still working with his coun­ selor, will be appraised of his desire to participate in the therapy programs offered at the all Indian halfway house, according to the proposal. If the project is funded, a shelter will be located at each reservation and at Houlton and Caribou. The all Indian halfway house will receive those in­ dividuals referred from the various communities. “At the halfway house a thorough medical examination will be provided each individual, and a program of easing the individual into the applicable therapy program will begin,” the proposal states. The program is to be run by Indian people for Indian people. The staff, with the exception of the physician and dentist, will be Indian, according to the proposal. A private, non-profit organization — the Wabanaki Corporation — consisting of representatives from each reservation and the Association of Aroostook Indians, has been created to administer the program. This was necessary as a legally incorporated body representative of all groups was necessary to receive federal resources. The Wabanaki Corporation board, will establish policy and operation procedures, carry out long range planning on the total project, contract for community based services and hire and fire staff. For a more complete story on the Wabanaki Corporation see story on oaee 2. center — a component of the grant discussed above. From left, these three pictures show the cabins, the camp dining center and an office building and residence overlooking a lake. �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance while the governor, lieutenant governor and Legislative representative hold office for only two years. 1 he Penobscots have a 12 person tribal council. By electing only six members, or half, every two years, continuity can be ensured. To vote, a Penobscot must be certified as a member of the tribe and be 18 years of age or older. To hold office, a Penobscot must be certified, 18 years of age or older and not have been convicted of a felony. Elections are held on the second Tuesday of Tribal government is an important aspect of Indian September on even numbered years. However, just life in Maine. It is often the means by which we get prior to election — on the first Tuesday of August — things done, or don’t get things.done. the Penobscots hold a caucus for the purpose of nom­ In March of this year,, the Legislature passed and inating candidates to be elected. At this caucus, the Governor. Kenneth Curtis approved changes in Penobscots have the right to establish, bv majority statutes relating to Passamaquoddy tribal govern­ vote, rules for the conduct of the following tribal ment. In 1973. changes were made by the Pcpobscots election. These rules cannot violate the constitutional in the way they conduct tribal government, and rights of any person. recently the Association of Aroostook Indians made New tribal council members and officers take office by-laws changes. on the first of October following the September This September, each of the reservations will hold election. elections for their choice of governor, lieutenant The governor, then, is to preside over all meetings governor, legislative representative, and members of of the council and be a member, ex-officio. In the the respective tribal councils. absence of the governor the lieutenant governor It is our purpose here to review the process by which presides. members of each reservation elect and guide the As mentioned, there are 12 tribal council members activities of their representatives. We will also do this on the Penobscot Council. It is necessary to have seven for AAI. members of the council at a meeting before any The Penobscot nation elects six tribal council business can be officially conducted. If vacancies exist members, a governor, lieutenant governor, and repre­ on the council, seven members are still needed. sentative at the Legislature. This is done on even When a vacancy occurs because of removal for numbered years U974). non-attendance, certified tribal members 18 years of Tribal council members hold office for four years age or older are to elect a replacement. It is the responsibility of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to post notice of the time and place of the election at least seven days before it is held. The Commissioner is Bishop Peter L. Gerety was a familiar face to many also responsible for counting the votes. Among the Maine Indians. Penobscots, tribal council members who are not in Most recently he was on hand when the Maine attendance at three successive tribal council meetings, Indian community dedicated, via the Bishop, its or at five tribal council meetings during a 12-month Resource Center in Orono. period can be removed from the council by the Bishop Gerety became Bishop of Portland during a governor, with the advice and consent of the council. Il is provided that the governor may excuse tribal period of great change — change within the Church in Tribal Governing on even numbered years. Those participating in the caucus by majority vote, are to establish the rules for the conduct of the following tribal election. No one’s constitutional rights can be violated by such rules. It is the Commissioner’s responsibility to give notice of the time and place, seven days before the day of the election, by posting notices at both reservations. The Commissioner also has the responsibility for counting votes in the presence of members of the tribe. If a candidate wishes to count the ballots he may do so if he provides a written application to the Commis­ sioner. The governor, lieutenant governor, legislative representative and tribal council members hold office for two years, beginning on the first day in October, immediately following the election. Vacancies in the office of governor, lieutenant governor or representative are to be filled by a special [Continued on page 3) New Corporations Formed EDITORIAL - Q O 'JJao .U . gp o ™ T »*»r«i - frjA xr-^-a.t t Q-p v lir x g J ^ r r v o Q tir ig - f e w - - - H V ^ l f y i Church’s involvement in social programs while developing greater communications capability through the diocese’s goal setting program. Bishop Gerety is now the Archbishop of Newark, N.J. — one of the country's largest diocese. His successor will be appointed by the Pontiff. The Indian community in its relationship to the Church and in its relationship to the government remains in a state of change. The Indian community is well aware that Truth in government does not assert itself; that it must be in­ stitutionalized somehow. Governments seem to specialize in small, intermediate truths. The Church can lead its people to perceive larger truths. With the nation gearing up for its bi centennial in 1976 an excellent opportunity, ie a challenge, for Truth is presenting itself. That opportunity is for the government to sit down with this country’s Indian nations and deal with rectifying the blatant and illegal treatment of this country’s treaty commitments to Indian people. Congress must do this. But Congress will not act without instruction from the people. The Church can assist the people in providing such instruction. Archbishop Gerety used to say he preferred talking about challenges and opportunities rather than problems. We are hopeful that 1976 will be a birthday we can all be proud of. ________ ___________ Vol. 2, No. 1 D RD April, 1974 Editor: David R. Depew Co-Editor: Roger Gabriel Editorial Board: DIS Board of Directors: Nicholas Dow, Chairman; Jean Chavaree, Allen Sockabasin, Pious Perley, Ron Gideon, John Bailey Published by Indian Resource Center 95 Main St., Orono, Me. or personal reasons. When a vacancy occurs in the office of governor, lieutenant governor, council or representative to the Legislature, a special election is to be called by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs within 60 days of the time of the vacancy. The governor, lieutenant governor, council member and representative may be removed from office. To do this, a petition, showing charges and signed by a number of registered voters equal to at least a majority of the number of votes cast for the tribal governor, is presented in writing to the governor, lieutenant governor, council and representative at the Legislature. The petition is to be presented at a formal hearing called by the Commissioner. The petition is then acted upon, providing that a majority of the persons legally registered to vote at the last tribal election are present. In the area of Legislation, the Penobscot tribal governor is responsible for calling a general meeting of the tribe for the purpose of affirming or rejecting legislative proposals prepared by the tribal governor and council for submission to the State Legislature. Proposals receiving an affirmative vote by a majority of those present and voting at the general meeting of the tribe will be taken by the tribal representative to the State Legislature for submission. Additionally, no private organization, church organization, state department, civic group or individual can submit legislation affecting the Penobscot tribe without first bringing it before the Penobscot governor and council for approval. The Passamaquoddy nation elects 12 tribal council members — six members for Indian Township and six for Pleasant Point —, a governor and lieutenant governor for each reservation, and a representative to the Legislature, chosen alternately between Indian Township and Pleasant Point. This is done on the even numbered years. Elections are held on the Tuesday following Labor Day in September with only certified members 18 years or older being allowed to vote. The Passamaquoddy tribe holds a caucus to nominate candidates on tile first Tuesday of August WABANAKI CORPORATION CHAIRMAN — Governor Matthew Sappier, Indian Island, was recently elected chairman of the Wabanaki Corpora­ tion, one of two recently created corporations. Indian people in Maine have created two private, non-profit corporations in recent weeks to increase their ability to receive federal resources. On March 23, reservation governors and the President of AAI signed papers initiating the incorporation of Tribal Governors, Inc. Tribal Governors, Inc. is an official association between the governors and the President of AAI. It was established to insure Maine Indians of a statewide lepresentative group legally capable of receiving resources. The need for this became more apparent as tribal governors became confronted by federal programs mandating a state approach to solving problems. Officers of Tribal Governors, Inc. include: Governor Allen Sockabasin, Indian Township President; Pious Perley, AAI President, Vice President; Governor Matthew Sappier, Indian Island, Treasurer; and Ralph Dana. Pleasant Point, Secretary. The other corporation to be recently created is the Wabanaki Corporation. The Wabanaki Corporation was created by representatives of tribal councils and AAI working to develop an administrative structure capable of administering an alcoholism program. Each of the councils and the AAI Board has approved the corporation which includes two representatives from each reservation and AAI and one representative from the Department of Indian Affairs. The W abanaki C orporation’s articles of incorporation state that the organization was created toi the purpose of carrying out programs designed to eliminate the diseases and economic poverty which plague the Indians of Maine. A story appears on page one in this edition on the Wabanaki Corporation s proposed alcoholism program for Maine Indians. �[Continued from page 2] n called by the Commissioner. Whenever the of the governor is vacant, the lieutenant or acts as governor until the offic< is filled by i. Wabanaki Alliance CENA Conference Held al council vacancies are to be filled through tment by the respective tribal governor with the and consent of the respective tribal council at ing called for that purpose. Eastern Indians met recently for the second annual :rnors preside over all meetings of their session of the Coalition of Eastern Native Americans ive councils and are ex-officlo members. In the (CENA) in Washington. D.C. A work and study e of the governor, the lieutenant governor program was designed to find ways of building :s, voting only when he is not presiding, stronger Indian communities and to seek ways in kes four of the six members of each tribal which to relate to the Federal establishment. to constitute a quorum at any meeting. A n is necessary for the council to conduct CENA president. Helen Attaquin said, in welcom­ ;s. At joint meetings of the tribal councils from ing participants, "both individually and collectively, servations, a total of seven council members is we share a common feeling of commitment to Native tor a quorum with at least three members American people." resent from one reservation, The three-day session was attended by about 100 he responsibility of the tribal governor of each bon to call a general meeting of all tribal official delegates and another 100 Indian participants rs residing on the reservation for the purpose and observers from regions easl of the Mississippi. Among the nearly 200 participants from the Eastern ming or rejecting legislative proposals. The d place of the meeting is to be posted seven or Tribes, were representatives of Maine's Penobscots, lys prior to the meeting. If a proposal is to be Passamaquoddies, and Association of Aroostook Indians. These included CENA board members, Tom ed it must be given approval by a majority of Battiste (Micmac), Andy Akins (Penobscot), and ■esent at this meeting. CENA staff member, James Sappier (Penobscot). governor, lieutenant governor and council Sappier is the Federal Regional Coordinator for rs ol each reservation can be removed from y the qualified voters of their respective reserIt is the Commissioner's responsibility, upon of a petition signed by 50 persons qualified to the reservation concerned, to call a special to be held in the same manner as a general — to vote on removal of the official in m. Prior to a removal election, the isioner is to call a general meeting on the ion in question, so that the person whose is sought can hear and answer charges. Aroostook Indian population, composed of Micmacs and Maliseets, has no trust ships or tribal lands in the State of Maine. 1 thousand_ IndLan_.Pt-‘ople can bc found, in ockets of family concentrations, throughout 0 square miles of Aroostook County. ;w of the numerous and complex problems ting the "off-reservation Indian" in Aroostook the need arose to establish an organization ould address these problems, in 1970, the Association of Aroostook Indians irporated as a private, non-profit organizaibling it to receive monies from Federal and vernments and private foundations in order to t slated objectives. :orporation consists of an elected board of 5which is chosen every two years in a general similar to that of the Penobscot and Passady tribal elections. General membership in iciation of Aroostook Indians is open to any if at least V blood, residing in Aroostook . * or a period of at least one year, eneral membership elects four officers from ibership of the board of directors to be ves” of the corporation. They include: t, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer, ns of office for both executive officers and embers is for two years. ioard of directors, now numbering 14, may many as 25 members, as the need for more tation increases. Any vacancies occurring on -d may be filled by election at the next >general membership meeting. The executive > the board have the power to call a meeting 1 eneral membership whenever two or more : officers feel one is necessary, eneral membership directs the board in its n establish the policy under which the ion and the executive officers will operate, so board may make all the decisions necessary inent to the purposes of the Association. Such , however, may be specifically delegated to sons by the majority vote of a board quorum, m is constituted by a majority of the board hip. 7 he board also has the power to hire or rom duly any paid staff personnel, with a AT CENA CONFERENCE — Mike Ranco, Indian Island CAP Director, right, is seen here with W. J. Strickland, co-director of CENA. Region I. Official Maine delegates included: Nick Dow, Mike Ranco—Indian Island; Eugene Francis, Rita Altvater Pleasant Point; Eugene Stevens, Allen Sockabasin Peter Dana Point; Pious Perley—Association of Aroostook Indians. Other Maine participants were: Indian Affairs Commissioner John Stevens, Susan Stevens, Ralph Dana (Passamaquoddy), Aubrey Tomah (Malccite). George Tomer (Penobscot), Terry Polchies (Micmac). The entire Maine delegation caucussed several times during the Conference to discuss political matters in which “unprecedented unity” among all Maine Indian groups was evident. At a general assembly, former BIA Commissioner, Louis Bruce, now co-director of CENA, told the Eastern delegates: "I am delighted to be able to speak out without restraints now about what I think and feel." Bruce was fired by the White House in December, 1972, for his advocacy to extend services to all Indians across the nation regardless of their tesidency. Bruce stated that during his long career in Indian Affairs, "I never tackled anything without a challenge in it, and working with Eastern Indians is one of the greatest challenges — especially concerning the question ol Federal recognition." Bruce later introduced successor, BIA Commis­ sioner, Morris Thompson, who said Bruce could "realize particularly well what tasks and trials lie ahead for all of us.” Speaker, Earnest L. Stevens (Oneida), one of Bruce’s top lieutenants during his tenure at the BIA, urged the assembled Eastern Indians to probe individual and collective self-recognition,” together with the restoration ol the "old tribal visions” as one ol the most important undertakings of Eastern Pag tration in January of 1973. The CENA assembly, in political action, votcc retain the entire current membership of its exisl Board of Directors and to add four new position; the Board. Elected to fill the newly created positi were: Paul Johnson (Ottawa-Chippewa), Hasl Mich.; Sarah Peralta (Apache), Baton Rouge. 1 Evelyn Davidson (Creek), Atmore, Ala.; and Jos. Winchester (Potawatomi), Saline, Michigan. Major resolutions passed by the CENA assen: were: — Request for a petition to the U.S. Census Bur. to conduct an "accurate enumeration of East Indian populations” supervised by the tri themselves to correct what they called "untrue i inaccurate" 1970 Census figures of their populati which have resulted in lower funding levels Eastern Indian efforts; Condemnation of “ federal research grants white educational institutions where Indian progra arc not yet in existence," particularly at Harv; University, Stanford University, the University Chicago and Pennsylvania State University. 7 resolution stated that these four institutions have be receiving significant research grants for study of i Indian past and present and Indian culture I currently have no Native American programs, student recruitment, no Indians on faculties, and tl there are no American Indian colleges at all on t Eastern seaboard; — Request for support from all Indians for ( rebuilding of the first all-Indian college in the U. Old Main College in Pembroke, N.C. destroyed by f in 1972, as a culture center focusing on the cultures all American Indians; Creation of a five-member team of Easte Indians to review and provide guidance to t Smithsonian Institution on specific volumes of forthcoming “ Handbook on the American Indiai where that multi-volume series touches upon the p:: and present of the Eastern Indians. Indian Youths Visit Me. Maritime Acaderm Indian teenagers representing each of the fo Maine Indian communities gatiiered recently Maine Maritime Academy for a day of athie activities and group tours of the campus. The primary purpose of the “ Indian Day”, in whi some 45 Indian youths participated, was to expc Indian young people to the college campus setting a; to careers that are available to MMA graduates as result ol an education in Nautical Science or Mari Engineering. On hand to greet the Indian students was Wiilia AItvater Jr., a Passamaquoddy Indian from Plcasa Point who discribed the education potential th MMA offered college-bound Indian students. Altvat will graduate from MMA this month. Academy Superintendent, Rear Admiral E. Rodgers in speaking to the group, acknowledged th costs of tuition and living expenses may be a problc to Indian students of low income. Rodgers addc however, "it doesn't have to be a problem.” The Indian youths, later took full advantage of ti well-appointed athletic facilities of the Acadcm playing basketball, swimming, bowling, and weigh lifting. Participants were: Dana Point; Donna Stevens, Sylvia Sockabasi Balinda Sockabasin, Jeanie Sockabasin, Frar Sabattus. Steven Sabatlus. Patrick Sabatlus. Jeron Levesque. Charlie Dana, Nicky Dana, Augustii Stevens. Richard Stevens. A.A.I.; Dana Sappier, Wayne Morey, John More Gary Bennett, Tony Tomah, Chris Ennis, Jc Zcrnicki, Carl Gould, Paul Sabatis, Regina Sherwood, Jeff Hardy, Calvin Hardy, Steve Johnso: John Flewelling, Elwood Jewell. John McDonald. Indian Island; Vincent Norwood, Blaine Field Mark Mitchell. Burnell Mitchell, Barry Nelso; Wilfred Pchrson, Jr., Pal Francis, Raymon Chavaree, Edward Paul, �5age 4 Wabanaki Alliance Means Brings Wounded Knee to Maine — for the 10,000 Indians he served. Means joined the AIM movement in 1969, setting up the first AIM chapter outside Minnesota. Means renamed the Cleveland center, CLAIM (Cleveland American Indian Movement Center). He was assigned the role of "National Field Coordinator” for AIM and later participated in the occupation ot Alcatraz and the National Indian Day of Mourning at Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS — Russell Means began his dialogue with Maine Indians and students with a lengthy discussion session at the University of Maine, Orono. (Editor’s note: We are grateful to the Ameri­ can Indian Press Association for much of the information used in developing this story] Russell Means, an Oglala Sioux, is known to every person in this country who reads a newspaper. It’s known that Means is a leader in the American Indian Movement (AIM) and that he is presently awaiting trial for his part in the occupation of Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation this past year. Utile is known about AIM, and almost nothing is known about the questions posed by the occupation at Wounded Knee. Means — at an informal question and answer session and later as a guest lecturer at the University of Maine at Orono — has provided greater insight into these subjects and into the reasons behind the ignorance surrounding them. Although little of his own life was discussed by Means j i p is so much, a part of the American Indian harrassment, terrorization, brutalization, and in­ timidation, as well as physical injury to lawyers and legal workers for the defense." Means and Banks are not the only ones facing charges. There are according to Means, 139 for whom legal defense money is needed. Consequently, Means, when able, is out speaking to groups and University students raising the resources necessary for an adequate defense while raising the level of conscious­ ness among his largely white audiences. Means uses Early in 1972, many members of AIM, including Means, were in Omaha, Nebraska, attending a Wounded Knee to do this, discussing not only meeting or urban Indian center directors. While government oppression and deceit (beginning with the Treaty of 1868) but the shallow and destructive nature there, news stories appeared of the brutal beating and of the news media, as well as the extensive and eventual death of an elderly Oglala Sioux, Raymond unnoticed power of the Department of Interior. Mixed Yellow Thunder, just south of Means’ reservation. Means spearheaded an assult on the small Nebraska in with his observations is a discussion of the Indian psyche and the spirituality of AIM. town of Gordon where Yellow Thunder had died. Means informed his Maine audience that before the Most of the 11,000 Pine Ridge Reservation occupation of Wounded Knee "we met with the residents gave their support to the AIM protest. traditional chiefs and medicine men and decided to go Following the Gordon protest, while en route to his into Wounded Knee for the Treaty of 1868.” birthplace in Porcupine, Means led the first assualt on This treaty is not only the reason for going into the Wounded Knee Trading Post. He would return a Wounded Knee, but is the primary source of defense, year later. according to Means, for AIM leaders and other Indian people involved in the Wounded Knee case. Means told his Maine audience that it was after making contact with the people of the reservation that How this treaty came about and some of the more the AIM movement really became strong. blatant abuses of it, need to be discussed. Means resigned his position with CLAIM to return The 1868 Treaty was one of a series of treaties home to Porcupine, South Dakota, as director of the signed in 1867 and 1868 with the tribes of the Great local reservation AIM Chapter. Plains as a result of President Grant’s Peace Policy. From his new position, Means became involved in That policy was partly philanthropic and partly the planning for the Trial of Broken Treaties economic, it being noted at the time that it would be Caravans, which were to descend in November — infinitely cheaper to simply provide rations and services to the tribes on reservations guaranteed by the during national elections — on Washington, D.C. The peaceful demonstrations planned by Means government than to continue what was essentially a and others evolved into the seizure of the BIA’s war of attrition on both sides. All of these treaties had the same basic formulas central nerve complex. Means later led one of the M ovem ent and the occupatiom of W ounded-K nee th a t we would b e rem ise in not publishing m ore ab o u t this man. Means was born in 1939 on the Pine Ridge Reserva­ tion in the small community of Porcupine. He is one of four sons of Hank Means, and the former Theodora Feather, Santee and Yankton Sioux. When World War II broke out, the young Means family moved to northern California where Hank Means had accepted a wartime industry job. Means and his brothers attended public schools there, returning to South Dakota to visit in the summers. Russell Means completed high school in California, then successfully established residence on his father’s reservation in order to qualify for reloca­ tion assistance from the BIA. He relocated in Ohio where he took training in electronic computers. Later, Means was employed as a data processor in the Management Information System Office of a community action program. Following this experience, he moved back to Ohio where he became a director of Cleveland’s American Indian Center. It was from this point that Means began to be recognized as a national Indian leader, the road to which became his involvement in the American Indian Movement. Means informed those attending his Maine lecture that the American Indian Movement was created in Minneapolis, Minn., in July of 1968, to deal with problems related to police harrassment and intimi­ dation in a large Indian ghetto. Means stated that AIM organized a patrol to monitor police calls so that an AIM patrol would get to an area of reported trouble to quell a disturbance before the police arrived. A legal rights center was one of the early outgrowths of this effort. At the time AIM was developing to deal with the problems of the Urban Indian, Means was directing Cleveland’s American Indian Center. As director of the Center, Means became recog­ nized for his talent in community organization and administration, setting up youth programs, alcoholism rehabilitation programs, food and employment assistance programs — to name a few WATCHING MEANS — These Penobscot women, from left, Gayle Phillips, Donna Deschane and Cheryl Knapp, learned first hand from Russell Means of the problems encountered in his fight with the federal government. Caravans back to the midwest. On January 6, 1973, the slaying of another Oglala Sioux, Wesley Bad Heart Bull, prompted additional confrontations between AIM leaders and small communities viewed by many Indians as overtly racist. The move on Wounded Knee and the establishment of the Independent Oglala Sioux nation followed in March, lasting for 71 days. Following the evacuation of Wounded Knee, Means and other AIM leaders were charged with a 10-count federal indictment, the core of which was a conspiracy charge. At present, the Wounded Knee Legal Defense/ Offense Committee lawyers, representing Means and Dennis Banks are arguing for dismissal of the charges. Dismissal is being sought for, among other things, the U.S. Government’s alleged involvement and infiltrating of the defense team, and for its alleged “illegal, unlawful, and unconstitutional surveillance, providing for educational benefits, reserved rights for hunting, tribal “ Land Books” for allowing tracts of land to individuals within the reserved areas, and provisions that no further land cessions would be asked from the tribes without the approval of threequarters of their adult males. The Sioux Treaty was the hardest to obtain. The army had built a series of forts through the Sioux hunting lands and the goldminers traveled along this row of forts toward Montana gold fields. Realizing that the extinguishment of game in the area would doom their way of life and remembering that the Treaty of 1851 at Fort Laramie guaranteed them hunting lands, the Sioux conducted a fearful war against the United States led by the great Oglala chief. Red Cloud. As the toll of dead mounted, the United States began to knuckle under. Red Cloud demanded the withdrawal of the soldiers from his lands before he [Continued on page 5] �Wabanaki Alliance CAPACITY CROWD — Russell Means addressed near capacity crowd at his evening lecture. [Continued from page 4] fould sign the treaty. Finally, the U.S. agreed to move he forts and called Red Cloud in. He refused to come ntil the soldiers had left, and the forts were empty so le was able to “walk through their ashes.^ This was ccomplished and Red Cloud arrived at Fort Laramie nth his band and calmly touched the pen signaling he end of the war. Following the defeat of the Seventh Cavalry at the ,ittle Big Horn in 1876, the U.S. sent a commission to eal with the Sioux and Arapaho for the cession of the Hack Hills area. The commission failed miserably to et the required three-quarters signatures of the ioux, but reported to Congress that they had made le agreement and in February, 1877, the Congress assed an act which purported to confiscate the Black [ills area. The Sioux complained bitterly that the cession did ol follow the procedures set down and ratified by the 'ongress in the treaty of 1868, but to no avail. “The Jnited States has always maintained in public that io deal was legal, while admitting privately that it -as one of the biggest swindles in world history/’ one xpert has noted. Today, 106 years after the signing of the 1868 realy, the Sioux still have not been paid for the lands ken by the U.S. Government. It would seem in a ation ol laws there should be means for recourse. Means told his audience “the white man made the ws, we only want them — the United States overnment — to live up to them.” Recently, prompted by the Wounded Knee cupation. legislation was introduced into Congress lich would create a 15-man commission that would vestigatc the fulfillment of the treaties and reements between the U.S. and all of the tribes. There has never been a commission that was designed to confront treaty issues directly. This legislation, which takes the form of a resolu­ tion, has passed the Senate and is now in the House Subcommittee on Indian Affairs. This legislation was not introduced, however, until after Senator James Abourezk and Congressman Lloyd Meeds — Senate and House Indian subcommittee chairmen — visited Wounded Knee and talked with people there. Means described the psychological and physical conditions at Wounded Knee during the occupation with reverence when discussing the establishment of the Independent Oglala Sioux Nation, but with disgust when discussing the starvation tactics the country allowed to be used to force the surrender of Wounded Knee. “We managed for 71 days. Ultimately, they agreed to our demands and within 10 minutes after the agree­ ments were signed, the government violated them. “ It has been difficult to impossible, to get the truth out.” Means continued, “the media for the most part used BLA news releases.” It is felt that coverage of the real facts of this case arc extremely important because, as Means stated, the 1 rcaty of 1868 is our defense.” and as some legal experts have noted, “what happens to the tribe rests with Congress" — a political creature sensitive to the attitudes ot the people — attitudes in many instances created by the media. Terri Schultz, writing for Harpers stated, “the reporters at Wounded Knee shredded their stories into pieces, tossed them into the air. and recreated them as they fell into designs of their own choosing. We wrote good cowboy-and-Indian stories because we throught it was what the public wanted, and they were Page 5 harmless even if they were not true. For the truth lies like fossils embedded in layers of shale. Let the recording of the event make do as the event — and don’t believe everything in the media." More to the point, were comments by John Trudell, a Santee Sioux and national co-chairman of AIM, addressing Indian journalists: “The white press distorted the real issue of Wounded Knee, which was the pitting of AIM against the BIA bureaucracy. The real need for the white press — and the Indian press — is research rather than emotionalism. Indians use the white press as a protection in some situations, but at Wounded Knee. Indians came to be manipulated by the white press.” A good example of what is being alluded to here can be found in the coverage given Means by Maine’s Bangor Daily News. The reporter, for lack of time or background, made light of what was discussed. Means, at both his Maine meetings on March 16. also discussed the power of the Department of Interior. As Means pointed out, the Department of the Interior is intimately involved with the power com­ panies, the oil companies, the cattle industry, the food industry, the wood products industry; in short, natural resources. Although AIM originated in an urban Indian ghetto, its substance and strength comes from the reservation where the issues are much older and much deeper and affect all Indian people. Wounded Knee and its defendants, by using the treaty as a defense, are forcing a confrontation between the system of interests which control this country and the conscience of Congress; how keenly Congress feels its obligation to do what’s right, will have a lasting impact on all Indian people. AFTER TILE LECTURE — Stanley Neptune, Indian Island, above, discusses Means’ comments with U of M students. SUPREME COURT RULING AIDS MAINE INDIAN CASE The U.S. Supreme Court on February 20 reaffirmed lower court opinion that a federally recognized dian living off — but near — his reservation was [titled to BIA services. The lower court (the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of opeals) has implied in its ruling that all Indians eluding those in urban areas and even non-federally cognized tribes, such as those in Maine, must be ovided services by the BIA. However, the high court a 38 page opinion stated: “Although we affirm the Igment of the Court of Appeals . . . we reach its ;ult on a narrower ground. We need not appraoch : issue in terms of whether Congress intended for all dians, regardless of residence and of the degree of iimilation, to be covered by the general assistance slfare) program. We need to ascertain the intent of ■ogress with respect to those Indian claimants in the ie before us." The high court did not turn off the possibility of dressing the broader issue of services to Indians not rognized, which is a question more germane to the iine Indian. On this point, the court stated: Whether other persons qualify for general assistance 1be left to cases that arise in the future.” rom Tureen, Pine Tree Legal Assistance, Inc., lais, told the Wabanaki Alliance that the Supreme litigation involving the federal government, the State ol Maine and the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes of Maine. Tureen maintains that the decision was a positive one for Maine because the thrust of what was said can be interpreted to mean that the Secretary of the Interior cannot make ad hoc decisions on who is to get served. Tureen was referring to the fact that the high court based its decision on an interpretation of the intent of Congress, which “intent” it derived by looking at the BIA appropriation requests presented to and approved by Congress wherein the BIA stated that its service population included Indians living “on or near” an Indian reservation. Our problem in Maine, Tureen maintains, is that “we have to establish that Maine Indians are Indians. ’ This must be done before the question of services can be entertained. This is being done in Passamaquoddy vs. Morton — a case in which a team of lawyers headed by Tureen is seeking, at this point, to establish the right of Maine Indians to protection under the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act of 1790. If protection under this Act can be established, could then be dealt with. Secretary Rogers Morton, in a letter to Senator Edmund Muskie, has already stated that should the Passamaquoddies win their case, then Snyder Act services would be provided, according to Tureen. Considerable progress, according to Tureen, was made in the Passamaquoddy vs. Morton case on March 25. At that time, attorneys representing both sides agreed on a statement of the facts in this case. They also agreed that no trial would be needed. Tureen explained that each side would exchange legal briefs on May 3 and that each side would exchange replies to these briefs on May 28. Then, on June 3, in Portland, each side will present oral argu­ ments to the judge who, according to Tureen, will make his decision on whether or not Maine Indians are entitled to protection under the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act of 1790 by the end of July. New DIS Members from AAI New representatives of the Association of Aroostook Indians have been selected by the AAI for the DIS Board. 3 he new members include Pious Perley, president �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance Little Big Foot One day while in furious pursuit of a low-flying duck. Little Big Foot inadvertently rammed his canoe into a deadhead. The .mighty Penobscotl that flowed serenely around him now flowed effusively into his canoe. He had no recourse but to abandon his duck hunt and paddle in furious pursuit of shore before he sank. The duck, taking note of Little B i| Foot’s mis­ fortune, quacked on merrily down the river. Birch bark was needed to mend the fractured vehicle, but all the birch trees in the vicinity had already been stripped. Little Big Foot climbed to the top of a tall pine tree, and, with palm shading eyes in the ancestral manner, surveyed the countryside. No­ where was to be seen any birch bark. Rats, he cursed to himself as he climbed down from the gooey tree, now 1 must venture into the hinterland in quest of birch bark. I wonder if they have anv syn­ thetic birch bark at the trading post? Thus Little Big Foot was to embark upon a journey that promised to be the greatest adventure of his life. The Deep Forest, as the wooded region beyond eyeshot of the village was called, was alleged to be inhabited by hideous creatures of flesh and spirit. He paused in remembrance of the campfire stories of his elders as they related their experiences in the Deep Forest. Little Big Foot shuddered at the prospect of encountering some of these monsters. But then in the true Indian spirit he stamped his little big foot to the ground and vociferously urged the monsters to beware. First, he carefully checked his armament, discarding several arrows whose paint showed signs of wear. After re-stringing and tuning his bow, he tested his spear. The wooden shaft hobbled through the air and struck nothing in particular. He declared himself invulnerable. Then he looked into his pouch to assure himself that he had brought along a copious supply of warpaint. Ceremoniously offering his safe passage under the aegis of the Sun-god, Little Big Foot commenced his journey. Ominously, a huge black cloud hid the sun as .Lvttlc* Big FqoI. .performed., his rite. .A brave-.of less temerity would have bailed out at this point, but Little Big Foot stood resolute. It took Little Big Foot three days to reach the Deep Forest; not because the distance was great, but because he trusted his navigational guidance to the heavenly bodies. Unfortunate-it was that the Deep Forest loomed eastward and the heavens were drifting westward. He finally proclaimed science a humbug and sought his own way. The deeper he penetrated the Deep Forest, the darker it became around him. Huge towering pines stood so close together that the sunlight never penetrated the interlacing limbs. Despite his general clumsiness of foot, he walked as if on silent air, for the forest floor was carpeted with pine needles of generations past. Now and then he would feel the chill breeze of an animal rushing past him, but the light was so dim that he couldn’t discern any shape to shoot at; what arrows he did shoot thudded against the adamantine bark of the ageless trees. Frequently slamming into trees, Little Big Foot trudged on. He knew not when to eat or sleep, for the perpetual darkness denied him the time-discerning positions of the sun. Famished and groggy, his head throbbing with a pine-colliding-induced headache, he finally stumbled through an opening in the Deep Forest. It was night and a full moon shone. Discovering that he was on a ridge overlooking a valley, Little Big Foot surveyed the countryside. There, down by a glistening river, was a village. The birch bark of the tepees brilliantly reflected the moonshine, and here and there could be seen campfires with smoke curling heavenward. It must be the Snaidni of whom my elders speak, thought Little Big Foot. They are our enemies and I must skulk toward their village; perhaps I am able to diminish their numbers. Thus Little Big Foot slithered down the declivity toward the village. Because of the greater expedient of waging war, he had now forgotten why he had made this journey. Lurking around the periphery of the village, Little Big Foot gave thought to how he would execute his attack, how best he could employ the element of surprise. Stealing toward what looked to be a bow ’n arrow factory, he became aware of the wailing of women and children and the moaning of men. Surely then, thought Little Big Foot, one of their numbers has passed on to the Happy Hunting Grounds — perhaps, it’s the Chief! The solemn grandeur of the proceedings seemed to indicate that a great personage had croaked. But no, it wasn’t the Chief, for he was leading the funeral procession; nor was it anyone of great stature, for the cloth-bound corpse looked to be that of a child, a child of Little Big Foot’s stature. Little Big Foot himself was overcome with grief and sorrow as the participants of the procession intoned dirge. The woeful, somber notes of the funeral son pierced his heart and melted the enmity he hel toward these people. He sadly contemplated tf oneness of the human race. Furtively watching the proceedings from behind pile of horse manure, he saw the Chief gently lay tf lifeless bundle on the pyre. And as the pyre was li Little Big Foot began to weep. Loudly an unrestrainedly he wept. Bitter tears of sorrow streake his face with warpaint. The villagers turned in amazement as they realize that sounds of weeping were issuing from the manui pile. The Chief became incensed at this outraged deviation from custom and ordered his braves to ari themselves and surround the errant celebrant. TF braves having done so, the Chief, unaccompanie< approached the fetid manure pile. In the moonlight the Chief saw the prostrai transgressor and nudged him with the butt end of h spear. Little Big Foot raised his head and shudderec for the shadowy outline of a monstrous being stoo over him. The Chief beckoned his braves toward Little Bi Foot. “ Sacrifice him to the gods and to the memory ( my son,” commanded the Chief. “Off to the pyre!” At once Little Big Foot recognized the voice of tf Chief. “ Father!” he cried, “It is I, Little Big Foot!” That night as the heavens wheeled the villagei reeled. A thousand beaver skins of firewater wei consumed, and the sad throb of the tom-toms bealin out the rhythm to the dirge soon transformed into tf lively beat of the “ boog-a-loo aborigine” , a loc; modification of the Straussian Waltz. Little Big Foot came to understand that tf villagers thought him dead after his punctured canc was found floating along the shore. He also learne that the cloth-covered figure burned on the pyre was wood-carved substitute of himself. Little Big Fot winced in disapproval that the villagers would offer wooden Indian to the everlasting keeping of the godThey don’t even smoke cigars, he said. “ But tell us,” the Chief implored, “where have yo been for the past quarter-moon?” Everyone of the village gathered around Little Bi Foot as he ascended the manure pile to recount hi adventures in the Deep Forest. Many a village deemed his rostrum appropriate for the yarns h wove. —Paul A. Francis, Ji Education: Then and Now MY GREAT GRANDFATHER HAD MANY TEACHERS: His grandmother taught him to make wise decisions. His grandmother taught him medicine to keep him strong and powerful. His father taught him what it was to be a brave warrior and a humble man. His mother taught him love, generosity, kindness and compassion. His uncles taught him the skills and arts o f hunting, singing and joyful dancing. His aunts taught him how to choose a worthy wife. His elders, the arrow-maker, the medicine man and the Tribal Chiefs taught him his history, spirituality, politics, oratory, philosophies, values and life’ work. s Mah-Oonah, the earthmaker, taught him which road to walk. MY GRANDFATHER HAD MANY TEACHERS: His grandfather taught him to make wise decisions. His grandmother taught him medicine to keep him strong. His mother taught him love and generosity. His elders taught him his history, values and spirituality. His Indian agent taught him he must become afarmer. His white Christian minister taught him Jesus Christ loves all men. His white homesteading neighbor taught him fear and hostility. His white school teacher taught him that it was senseless to retain his Indian ways. Mah-Oonah, the earthmaker, taught him which road to walk. MY FATHER HAD MANY TEACHERS: His grandfather taught him to make wise decisions. His mother taught him love and generosity. His elders taught him his philosophies and values. His BIA Superintendent taught him he was too incompetent to manage his own affairs. His white Christian minister taught him that Jesus Christ loves all men who give up their “ Pagan Beliefs " and enter into the whiteman's church o f stone and mortar. His white farm neighbor taught him all about racism, bigotry, prejudice and hate. His white school teacher taught him that his savage ancestors resisted “Civilization" with unrelenting, ferocious barbarity and inhuman treatment o f their benevolent white saviors. His white boss taught him how to “toe the line" and “stay in his place." His hopeless brothers taught him that escapefrom stark reality was contained in a bottle marked Alcohol 20% by volume. Mah-Oonah taught him which road to walk. MY SONS WILL HAVE MANY TEACHERS: Theirfather will teach them to be brave warriors and humble men. Their mother will teach them love and generosity, kindness and compassion. Their uncles will teach them the skills and arts o f singing, dancing and being a good provider. Their aunts will teach them how to choose worthy wives. Their elders, sofew in number, will teach them what is left o f their history, spirituality, politics, oratory, philosophies, values and visions. Their “medicine men" will teach them about Indian prophecies and visions and how to love Christ as an Indian. Their Indian teachers will teach them o f their ancestor's gloiy and greatness. Their white neighbors will teach them that even they can change and learn to live as brothers. Their Indian brothers and sisters throughout this great land will teach them that they can live their lives with dignity in a brotherhood o f all men. Mah-Oonah will teach them to lead us on the road we all must walk. (Rueben Snake) �Wabanaki Alliance Page 7 Sibayik Develops Health Clinics / What began as an elTort to help a snyill number of eople at the Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy Reserttion suffering from chronic alcoholism has become vehicle for providing a much broader range of health ? rvices to the entire community. In December. 1973. Fr. Stanley Bowe called a lecting of interested citizens to discuss development i resources, locally, which could be used to assist in le “drying out*’ of alcoholics. At this meeting, scussion led those attending to believe that they lonld begin to treat alcoholism in its entirety, begin 1"treat the whole person." According to Fr. Bowe, Hazel Dana proposed the ca of creating health clinics — as a beginning — ght at Pleasant Point. It was felt that Indian people Pleasant Point might take more advantage of rvices offered locally and controlled locally than ofrvices offered away from home. Once the idea of using a health clinic was agreed >on. those involved began looking for resources. It is then decided that the two rooms in the back of the lurch could be used for the clinic. It then became apparent that a health committee is going to be needed. Members of that committee w include: Hazel Dana, Fr. Bowe, chairman, igene Francis, Mary Altvater, Sister Doris, Brother rry Smith, Richard Sockabasin, Elizabeth Sockasin. Margaret Nicholas, Stella Neptune, Barbara iylor and Roberta Richter. 1 he committee has been responsible for developing 0 clinics, participating as the reservation’s represenive in the development of an alcoholism program ■ t to the National Institute of Alcoholsim and m cohot--Abuse; and approaching and receiving 'enue sharing money from the Tribal Council. rhe first health clinic was held January 29. At this nic. Dr. Lawrence Moore provided the physician ;istance necessary for a well child clinic. In February. Dr. James Bates, Eastport, provided /sician services for a “women’s health clinic.” ncer screening was undertaken at this clinic. According to Fr. Bowe the group is planning other “women’s health clinic” for April. ■r. Bowe, in commenting on the development of the ilth clinic and ancillary projects, stated that the ilth committee and its work must be a community )rt. ‘We’re trying to get more people involved so that re will be a greater understanding of what health blems exist and what a health problem is,” Fr. ve stated. mother project slated for the immediate future is -cning for lead poisoning, Fr. Bowe stated. :r. Bowe also stated that having a professional se (Hazel Dana) assisting in the development of the ilth clinic was of invaluable aid. n discussing what others wishing to emulate this jeet should do. Fr. Bowe stated that the presence of Indian health professional, or someone acting in t capacity, would be of immense value in dealing li other health professionals. t . Bowe also stressed the need to get something tig right away. “ Even it what you are doing isn’t the t thing in the world, it is important to get sometg going so that others can see that something .tally is being done.” r. Bowe also indicated that health education uld be an important part of what the community up undertakes. AAI Membership to Meet 1special membership meeting of the Association of 'ostook Indians will be held Sunday, April 28, in ibou at the AAI Center, which is located across n the municipal airport. he meeting which is tentatively scheduled for 1 . has been called to review and evaluate proposed nges in by-laws. DESTINATION KICKING HORSE — Cutting the cake at a “going away” party for David Tomer, above, and Rickey Love, below, is Betty Kimball. The going away party was held in the Parish Hall at Indian Island. Maine Boys Leave for Montana Job Camp ree Penobscot Indian youths are now participating in a Job Corps Program at the Kicking Horse Regional Residential Manpower Center in northwestern Montana. Penobscot Indian CAP, the designated screening agency for that tribe, provided the assistance necessary to enroll Ricky Love, David Tomer, and Donald Nelson, Jr., in the Job Corps Program. The Corpsmen will receive counseling and pre­ employment training specificially related to the job training being offered and, ultimately, job placement. Located on the Flathead Indian Reservation, near Ronan, Montana, Kicking Horse is the only Center in Job Corps history that is designed for, and operated by, Indian people. years of age and are out of work or out of school and need counseling, education and training in order to get a good job. All trainees have a place to live, good food, and spending money, along with free medical and dental care. ' The length of training may be up to two years, depending on trade, and upon the abilities and desires of the individual trainee. Trainees may receive com­ prehensive, systematic training in forestry, automotive, heavy equipment, food service, custodial maintenance, carpentry, or truck driving. An Indian Studies Program is being developed whereby a Cultural Studies group will learn traditional Indian songs, dances, and costume making. Pauline Love of Indian Island, flew to Montana on a tribe-sponsored visit and to get a first-hand look at the Kicking Horse facility. Mrs. Love reported that the 200 Indian enrollees, representing some 57 different tribes . . . lived and worked together in close harmony . . . " It is hopeful that the enrollees may also develop a sense of the awareness of basic attributes and citizenship necessary for productive participation in tribal, local, state and national affairs. Upon graduation, men who have completed the program will receive $50 for each month they have been at the Center. The Kicking Horse Training Program is available to American Indian youths who are 16 through 21 Applications may' be made through the tribal offices. DIA Provides Legislative Report By S. GLENN STARBIRD, JR. Deputy Commissioner of Indian Affairs The program submitted by the Department of Indian Affairs to the State Legislature at the special session consisted mainly of the budget for the coming year and a few revisions in the Indian Laws. The basic change in the Indian Law submitted was to revise Section 4716 ol Title 22 concerning constables to make the law conform with the new situation existing now since the establishment of the Maine Indian Police Department. Although the Councils of the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot tribes had originally been in favor of the changes they later decided that it would be better to wait until they could see how the new system would work in practice before any changes in the law were made. The bill was therefore withdrawn. Another bill L.D. 2355 revising certain laws relating to the Passamaquoddy Indians has already passed in a new draft and is now Chapter 740 of the Public Laws. Basically, what Chapter 740 does in its first section is to provide that baptismal certificates may be used to prove birth when no birth certificate is available. This had been somewhat of a problem in the past, particularly among the Passamaquoddies. when they applied for a driver’s license to the Motor Vehicle Bureau. The second and third sections of this bill concern revisions in the Passama­ quoddy Tribal election laws requested by Indian 1 ownship and some rearrangement of the older parts of the law to better incorporate the changes. Another item not directly promoted by the department or by the tribes concerns the pay raise for state legislators. The Indian Representatives to the Legislature are included in this bill’s revised version. The present salary of the Indian Representative is s i,500 per session with 20 days' expense allowance at the same rate per day as the other members of the legislature. The new pay as established by L.D. 2463 would be S2.000 per session and 30 days' expenses at each regular session. Indian Affairs fared fairly well with the Part I current services budget, receiving only minor cuts and adjustments. The Part I budget is the amount each department needs to keep its operations running at the present level. The total in Part I for the Departmental Operations of Indian Affairs was $543,509 and for the Housing Authorities $42,543 making a total of $586,052. At the time 1 am writing this we do not know exactly what the final total of our Part II or expanded services budget will be. In the original Part II budget document L.D. 2290. which is what we had after the Bureau of Budget and the Governor’s office had been over it we had a total of $94,941 with $56,366 going to the Housing Authorities and $38,575 going for Departmental Operations. Editor’s note: The Part II Budget was finally passed late Friday, March 29, with the $30,500 for the three Housing Authorities still intact. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (April 1974) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-417 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/ec70391e4ad9424ad5b08ee68ca0edc5.pdf a1a8a202445e4f7acaa12b5ad26c8486 PDF Text Text m .■ -— :... AS IT W A S __This photo of St. Ann’ Church at Indian Island was taken many decades ago. s The Indian Resource Center is attempting to collect pictures of Maine Indian Life “ it was.”If ns you have a photo depicting life “ it was”the Resource Center can have it reproduced and as return your original. If you have an interest in contributing to our growing collection, please write us at 95 Main St., Orono. m �Wabanaki Alliance or A p p e a l No Sign of Appeal Yet _ _ Page 1 _ la n d ca se decision w o n meaning .............. T_ Tnnrt literal meanine o f the words employed in the statute, action sought by the tribe. In addition, the Court used in their ordinary sense, clearly and unambigu­ directed defendants, in the event their decision was m ously encompasses all tribes o f Indians, including the the negative, to state their reasons for so deciding and Passamaquoddies; the plain language o f the statute is to show cause on June 23, 1972, why they should not consistent with the Congressional intent ; and there is be ordered to bring suit. On June 20, 1972, the Acting no legislative history or administrative interpretation Solicitor o f the Department o f the Interior advised the which conflicts with the words o f the Act.” Assistant Attorney General, Land and Natural “ The provisions of the Nonintercourse Act Resources Division, Department o f Justice, by letter, prohibiting dealings in Indian land without the that no request for litigation would be made. consent o f the United States have remained essentially At the conclusion o f the show cause hearing held on unchanged since passage o f the first Act in 1790. The June 23,1972, the Court ordered defendants to file the statute in effect in 1794, when Massachusetts requested protective action against the State o f Maine negotiated its treaty with the Passamaquoddies, prior to July 1, 1972. The federal government applied to land transactions with “ any Indians or complied with the order by filing a S150 million suit nation or tribe o f Indians,”within the United States. against Maine on behalf of the Passamaquoddy tribe. Subsequent versions o f the statute, including the Following negotiations with the Penobscot nation the present codification, have applied to land transactions federal government filed a similar S150 million suit on with any Indian nation ot tribe o f Indians. The words behalf o f that tribe on July 17,1972. employed in the statute are clear and unambiguous; Judge Gignoux then deals with the issues presented the prohibition against dealings in Indian land by the legal action just outlined. In their second without the consent o f the United States is applicable amended and supplemental complaint, the Passa­ to any - - -tnbp nf Tndi^ns. a ga in st G r e a t Britain. maquoddy Tribe sought a declarator, ju d g e ­ “ is eminently cleat,”the Judge continues, “ It that in 1790, in recognition of the primary responsibility ment. The Passamaquoddies’ position, according the literal interpretation o f the statute is required to of the newly formed Federal Government to the to Gignoux, is that the Nonintercourse Act applies to give effect to the Congressional intent. The Court is Indians in the United States, the First Congress all Indian Tribes in the United States, including the aware o f no legislative history o f the Nonintercourse adopted the Indian Nonintercourse Act, which states Passamaquoddies, and that the Act establishes a trust Act, which might reveal whether the First Congress in part that: relationship between the United States and the Indian had in mind the Passamaquoddies when it enacted the No lease, or other conveyance of lands, or of tribes to which it applies, including the Passama­ 1790 Act. Nor have defendants been able to call to the any title or claim thereto, from any Indian quoddies. “ Therefore, they say, defendants may not Court’ attention any administrative interpretation s nation or tribe of Indians, shall be of any deny plaintiffs’request for litigation on the sole prior to the filing o f the instant litigation as to the validity in law or equity, unless the same be ground that there is no trust relationship between the applicability o f the Act o f the Passamaquoddies or made by treaty or convention entered into United States and the Tribe. In opposition, the any similarly situated Indian tribe. Every Court, pursuant to the Constitution.” government contended that only those Indian tribes however, which has considered the purpose o f the Act w h ic h have b e e n “ recognized” by the Federal J u d ge G ig n o u x ’ d e c is io n p o in ts out. however, that s has agreed that the intent o f Congress w a s t o p r o te c t Government by treaty, statute or a consistent course in 1794, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the lands o f the Indian tribes in order to prevent fraud o f conduct are entitled to the protection o f the Nonnegotiated a treaty with the Passamaquoddies, by and unfairness.” intercourse Act and, since the Passamaquoddies have which the Tribe lost practically all o f its aboriginal Judge Gignoux later states, “ plain meaning a not been “ federally recognized,” the Act is not territory. Gignoux also states that “ o f the 23,000 out interpretation o f the phrase “ any... tribe o f Indians applicable to them. The government also denied that acres which the 1794 treaty reserved to the Tribe, is also the only construction o f the Nonintercourse Act the Nonintercourse Act created any trust relationship Maitie and Massachusetts have sold, leased for 999 which comports with the basic policy o f the United between the United States and the Indian tribes to years, given easements on, or permitted flooding of States, as reflected in the Act, to protect the Indian approximately 6,000 acres.” which it applies. right o f occupancy o f their aboriginal lands.” But, in addition to denying that the Passama­ The legal action by the Passamaquoddy Tribe Grasping at straws, the state and federal quoddies are protected by the Nonintercourse Act, the asserts that the United States has not consented to government then tried to deny protection under the Federal and State government raised several other these transactions and therefore that these actions Nonintercourse Act, by implying that the Nonmterdefenses. Judge Gignoux addressed each o f these violated the express terms of the Nonintercourse Act. coursc Act applies only to federally recognized tribes. defenses but the most Important was d e n ia l of Gignoux’ decision concludes Its history o f the s T o do this, their attorneys cited many Supreme Court protection under the Nonintercourse Act. situation by pointing out that “ since the United States cases which Gignoux found less than relevant. was organized and the Constitution adopted in 1789, “ The rules o f statutory interpretation by which this “ There is nothing in this language,”Gignoux states the Federal Government has never entered into a Court must be guided in determining the applicability referring to the cited Supreme Court cases, “ which treaty with the Passamaquoddy Tribe and that, since o f the Nonintercourse Act to the Passamaquoddies are would indicate that the Nonintercourse Act applies 1789, the contacts between the Federal Government summarized in United States v. New England Coal only to “ federally recognized”Indians. and the Tribe have been sporadic and infrequent. It is and Coke Co.. 318F.2d 138 (1st Cir. 1963) as follows: Shortly after wrecking the arguments o f the state also pointed out that, the State of Maine has enacted ‘ matters of statutory construction the In and federal government Gignoux states: The Court comprehensive legislation which has had a pervasive duty of this Court is to give effect to the intent holds that the Nonintercourse Act is to be construed effect upon all aspects o f Passamaquoddy tribal life of Congress, and in doing so our first reference as its plain meaning dictates and applies to the and that the Commonwealth of Massachustees and is of course to the literal meaning o f words rhe State of Maine, rather than the Federal Passamaquoddy Indian Tribe. employed. Unless the contrary appears, it is Government, have assum ed alm ost exclusive T o substantiate hk position on “ rights to aboriginal presumed that statutory words were used in responsibility for the protection and welfare of the lands,”Judge Gignoux then quotes a recent supreme their ordinary sense. A primary consideration Passamaquoddies. court summary o f this policy as follows: is the mischief to be corrected and the end to In presenting a history o f the current action, Judge “ very early became accepted doctrine in It be attained by the enactment of the legislation; Gignoux states that on February 22, 1972, represen­ this Court that although fee title to the lands and, where possible, its terms should be tatives of the Passamaquoddy Tribe wrote to the occupied by Indians when the colonists arrived construed to give effect to the Congressional Commissioner o f the Bureau o f Indian Affairs, became vested in the sovereign— first the intent. Extrinsic aids such as the legislative Department of the Interior, and requested that the discovering European nation and later the history of the Act, and the accepted interpreta­ United State Government, on behalf o f the Tribe, original States and the United States — a right tion of similar language in related legislation, institute a suit against the State o f Maine, before a of occupancy in the Indian tribes was never­ are h elp fu l in interpretin g am b igu ou s July 18,1972 statute o f limitations barred the action, theless recognized. That right, sometimes statutory language. Finally, administrative as a means of redressing the wrongs which arose out of called Indian title and good against all but the interpretation by the agency entrusted with the the violations o f the Nonintercourse Act. However, sovereign, could be terminated only by enforcement o f the statute are persuasive. despite repeated urgings by repiescntativcs o f the sovereign act. Unce the United States was However, the power to issue regulations is not Tribe, the Department failed to take any action upon organized and the Constitution adopted, these the power to change the law, and it is for the tribal rights to Indian lands became the their request. courts, to which the task of statutory construc­ exclusive province o f the federal law. Indian The decision goes on to explain that-on June 2, tion is ultimately entrusted, to determine title, recognized to be only a right of 1972, the Tribe filed the present action seeking a whether or not administrative interpretations occupancy, was extinguishable only by the declaratory judgment that the Passamaquoddy Tribe are consistent with the intent of Congress and United States. The Federal Government took is entitled to the protection o f the Nonintercourse Act the words of the Act. 318F. 2d at 142-43. early steps to deal with the Indians through and requesting a preliminary injunction ordering the [citations omitted.’ ” treaty, the principal purpose often being to defendants to file a protective action on their behalf Gignoux goes on, "applying these rules of recognize and guarantee the rights of Indians against the State of Maine before July 18, 1972. construction, the conclusion is inescapable that, as a to specified areas of land. This the United Following a hearing on June 16, 1972, the Court matter o f simple statutory interpretation, the Nonordered defendants to decide by June 22, 1972, (Continued on page 2) intercourse Act applies to the Passamaquoddies- The whether they would voluntarily file the protective On January 20, 1975 U.S. District Court Judge Edward T. Gignoux declared that the Nonintercourse Act is applicable to the Passamaquoddy Indian Tnbe; that this Act establishes a trust relationahip between the U.S. Government and the Tribe; and that the U.S. Government may not deny the tribe its request for litigation in its bphalf on the sole ground that there is no trust relationship between the U.S. and the tribe. It is important that all o f us understand the significance o f this judgement, the background of this 200 year old story, the present action and what it means now and in the future. Possibly the best source of information for answers to most o f these questions is the judgement as prepared by Judge Gignoux. In providing a historical background. Judge Gignoux states that until 1794, the Passamaquoddy Tribe occupied as its aboriginal territory all o f what is now Washington County, together with other land in the State o f Maine and that during the Revolutionary War the Tribe fought with the American colonies �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance New VISTAs Employed Seven additional VISTA volunteers have been added to Maine's Indian Community Action program, according to Vivian Massey, director o f the program. At Indian Island. Laura Loring has volunteered to teach bead work and to teach the Penobscot and/or Passamaquoddy language to all those interested. Editorials Concerned Penobscot tribal leaders gathered recently at the State Capitol in Augusta to voice complaints against the handling o f an investigation regarding charges against Raymond Ellis, the Indian Agent for the Penobscot Tribe. In tribal council action, a vote was unanimous to bar Ellis from the Penobscot reservation at Indian Island following a series o f complaints by tribal members varying from outright favoritism to harrassment and intimidation o f welfare recipients, When a “ thorough investigation”conducted by state officials determined that Ellis was “ innocent o f all charges” it spurred the decision o f the Penobscot , Governor and Council to go to Augusta to address the issue with Governor James B. Longley and his staff. As Governor Sapiel and other tribal members reaffirmed individual complaints, Longley asked that more time be granted to evaluate the situation and to explore the options. Longley then requested one week in which to formulate a decision .on the matter. “ It may not be the answer you will want to hear” said , Longley, “ but I will guarantee an answer in seven days” Longley further stated, “ . . any decisions on . . this matter will be my decision and my decision alone — not Commissioner Stevens’ or the Attorney Generals’ .” Ellis publicly denies the allegations and is challeng­ ing the tribe on the matter o f his removal. It is quite evident, however, that regardless o f whether the charges can be proven, Ellis is not wanted on the Penobscot Reservation and the tribe is determined to keep him off Indian Island. RG * * * More information about Indian activities must reach more people more often. In an effort to accomplish this, the Wabanaki Alliance will provide two pages of Maine Indian education news prepared by the Maine Indian Education Council staff. Additionally, staff has been asked to prepare six editions this calendar year. Part of this additional cost is going to be met by the Maine Indian Education Council. This is just one example o f a recently developed cooperative effort which will assist all and save all. Another, and significantly more important, is the centralizing o f statewide Indian programs into one Center. An unused building next to the Resource Center is being converted into office space to house the staffs involved in the running o f the statewide CETA program, the statewide alcoholism rehabilita­ tion program, the statewide VISTA program and related projects. By using a singular facility all programs can begin to share in the costs o f main­ taining and operating programs. It has become increasingly apparent to all leaders involved in the administration o f numerous programs that there is a cost to running them and that those who provide resources for services do not do so without strings and that these strings are usually attached to paper trails. It begins to boil down to running an inefficient program, not taking care o f some o f the administra­ tive requirem ents, or figh tin g b ack through cooperative efforts. Cooperation is also needed to secure continuity o f services as leadership changes. This step is being taken by Maine Indian people rough its present leaders. DRD Pleasant Point is developing a similar program. Mary Sapiel has become a volunteer to coordinate arts, crafts, leather work, basketry, bead work, dancing and to help teach the Passamaquoddy language. She will also be assisting students in the collection o f old tales and new stories which are to be compiled into a book for the use o f the community and the school. MEETING W ITH LONGLEY — At top, Maine Governor James Longley listens as members o f the Penobscot Tribe discuss with him problems relating to Indian Agent Raymond Ellis. Above, Commissioner John Stevens, Penobscot Representative Ernest Goslin, Richard Mitchell and Lt. Governor Peter Neptune assess the discussions. Eleanor Trueworthy and Richard Frazer, both of Millinocket, will assist the Central Maine Indian Association in its efforts to promote programs and relay the availability o f services to off-reservation people in the Central Maine area. Brenda Baer, Mary Pollard and Marlene Shumate, Aroostook County, will be assisting the Association o f Aroostook Indians in its outreach programs through­ out Aroostook County. LAND CASE (Continued from page 1) States did with respect to the various New York Indian tribes, including the Oneidas. The United States also asserted the primacy of federal law in the first nonintercourse Act passed in 1790, I Stat. 137, 138, which provided that no sale o f lands made by any Indians . . . within the United States, shall be valid to any person — or to any state — unless the same shall be made and duly executed at some public treaty, held under the authority of the United States. This has remained the policy o f the United States to this day.” “ is thus clear that the policy embodied in the It Nonintercourse Act is to protect Indian tribes against loss o f their aboriginal lands by improvident disposi­ tion to members o f other races. The Passamaquoddies, an Indian tribe, fall within the plain meaning of the statutory language, and there is no reason why they should be excluded from the protection which the Act affords,”Gignoux states. “ The Court holds that the Nonintercourse Act Is to be construed as its plain meaning dictates and applies to the Passamaquoddy Indian Tribe.” Gignoux then moves to the question o f a trust relationship. “ Defendants have rejected plaintiffs’request for assistance on the ground that no trust relationship exists between the U nited States and the Vol. 3, No. 2 April, 1975 Editor: David R. Depew Co-Editor: Roger Gabriel Editorial Board: DIS Board of Directors: Nicholas Dow, Chairman; Jean Chavaree, Allen Sockabasin, Roy Paul, Joyce Tompkins, John Bailey Published by Indian Resource Center 95 Main St., Orono, Me. Passamaquoddies. The Court disagrees. In the only decided cases to treat this issue, the Court e f -Claims has, in a series o f decisions during the last ten years, definitely held that the Nonintercourse Act imposes a trust or fiduciary obligation on the United States to protect land owned by all Indian tribes covered by the statute.” Judge Gignoux then reviews a long series o f legal battles and concludes by stating: “ view o f the In foregoing, the conclusion must be that the Noninter­ course Act establishes a trust relationship between the United States and the Indian tribes, including the Passamaquoddies, to which it applies. The Court holds that defendants erred in denying plaintiffs’ request for litigation on the sole ground that no trust relationship exists between the United States and the Passamaquoddy Indian Tribe.” A number o f other ploys were used by the federal and state government to keep Judge Gignoux from making the decision he did. Each o f these was disected in the same manner by Judge Gignoux. He states: “ Defendants and intervenor have raised a number o f affirmative defenses which they assert preclude the Court from ruling upon the substantive issues presented by the action. The Court finds these to be without merit.” H is d ecision con clu d es by stating: “ Judgement will be entered for the plaintiffs1 declaring that the Indian Nonintercourse Act is applicable to the Passamaquoddy Indian Tribe; that the Act establishes a trust relationship between the United States and the Tribe; and that defendants may not deny plaintiffs’ request for litigation in their behalf on the sole ground that there is no trust relationship between the United States and Tribe.” We have discussed the background o f this case, the present action and the reasoning behind the judgement provided by Judge Gignoux. At this point, we do not know all the specifics of what this means for the future. It is clear, however, that the discussion represents a major breakthrough in the Passama­ quoddy and Penobscot land cases, and that the decision should also clarify the eligibility of Maine Indians for most federal Indian services. �Wabanaki Alliance Page 3 Alcohol Program Staffing Begins INTER-TRIBAL OFFICES — The numerous offices contained in this old convent are being renovated to create a central office site for the many recently developed statewide Indian programs such as Indian Manpower, Maine Indian Alcoholism Services, and CETA the Indian VISTA. The building is located next to the Indian Resource Center in Orono. Mike Francis, left, is one of those from the CETA program who is assisting in the renovation o f the building. The Wabanaki Corporation has hired an interim director — Michael Ranco — to get Maine’ compre­ s hensive Indian alcoholism rehabilitation program started now that funding has been received. Ranco, who has served for three years as CAP director at Indian Island, was a member o f the planning committee which developed the basic proposal to the National Institute o f Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA). In late February, the Wabanaki Corporation learned that the basic proposal had been funded for $247,500 for the first year and was to begin March 1st. It was also learned, at that time, that the training proposal to NIAAA was funded for $154,941 for the first year and was to begin July 1. The medical services component to the program has been approved by the State’technical review committee and is in the final s stages o f approval. This component was for $102,448 for the first year. The basic grant will provide resources for out-reach programs at Indian Island, Caribou (Houlton is covered in another grant) Indian Township and Pleasant Point. Each o f the out-reach or satellite programs will have a staff consisting o f an alcoholism counselor, a community nurse, a youth counselor and a caretaker who will operate a shelter. The basic grant also provides for a halfway house, which will serve those in need o f such services and for a central office staff. The large training proposal is to train boards and staffs o f Indian alcoholism programs in New England. Training would be geared toward the individual needs o f the person. A nurse, for instance, may need more training in the medical aspects o f detoxification while a board member may desire management training. - - - ;.. : Indian Manpower Program Gets Under Way On February 3, Maine’ Comprehensive Indian s Manpower program employed one person; at last count there were 106. The program is big, getting bigger, and constantly full o f surprises — many o f them very rewarding. Dick Hamilton, manpower director for Tribal Governors, Inc., cites, for example, the excellent cooperation he and the field supervisors have had with private industry. Hamilton’ staff has placed Title III trainees in s positions ranging from legal secretaries to X-ray technicians to mill workers for Georgia Pacific. In each case, Hamilton stated, a contract is developed for the enrollee in which it is agreed that at the end o f the training period the potential employer will indeed employ the trainee. The length o f time for training varies; in the case o f Georgia Pacific we already have graduates and new enrollees on the way. Hamilton explained that five CETA enrollees earned early graduation from the Indian Manpower training program and became employees o f the new Georgia-Pacific Corporation CHIP-N-SAW stud mill in Baileyville in late March. Seven others have also been hired by the GP plant. Gloria Brown, her brother, Kevin Stevens, and David Tomah, Indian Township, and John Francis and Leon Sockabasin o f Pleasant Point, displayed such unusual aptitude and ability for specific jobs that they were elevated from the training program and put on the payroll three weeks ahead o f schedule, according to GP. The first-of-its-kind training program was a coop­ erative effort involving Tribal Governors’ Inc., the , Washington County Vocational Technical Institute and Georgia-Pacific. A comprehesive curriculum was devised by the Adult Education Division o f WCVTI in cooperation with G-P’ training department. Tribal s Governors’ Inc. provided the school with financial , assistance through CETA Title III funds, and G-P’ s W ood Processing Division agreed to employ those who successfully completed the program in its new CHIPN-SAW stud mill. Training program participants were selected by local field supervisors o f the Maine Indian Manpower Services program. They received orientation to production processes at the stud mill including familiarization with plant layout, machine operation, union organization and industry goals. Instruction included first-hand involvement with all phases of safety practices, and specialized training was given in efficient material handling and proper use o f trucks, hoists, conveyors, chainsaws and power and hand tools. G-P stud mill manager Pat Bailey praised the ef­ fectiveness o f the training program and noted that participants progressed very smoothly from the training phase to the production line. On-the-job training is only part o f the employment program, however. Public Service Careers, Title II and Title VI, have provided jobs for 13 people in occupations which lead to unsubsidized employment. There are also many Indian people taking advantage of the State’emergency employment funds s and its Title I resources. Recently, for instance, community action agencies — among others — received Title I positions which were to last 15 weeks and pay $2.50 per hour. Indian programs were able to take advantage o f both their own Title I resources and those o f other programs. There is, according to Hamilton, a great deal of book work attached to each o f these programs. “ is It necessary to process eight separate pieces o f paper for each Title III enrollee,”Hamilton stated. Because of high unemployment and the integration o f the old operation mainstream, “ had as many as 17 new we enrollees a day. That’136 pieces o f paper.”If the jam s gets too heavy then the doors are closed, temporarily. to allow the bookkeepers the chance to catch up. This is necessary, according to Hamilton, to insure smooth payrolls and the necessary kinds o f records. Hamilton believes that the paper work is not as tough a problem as transportation has been, however. Getting people to work who have no means o f trans­ portation has been overcome by getting one person in the group to use his/her own car and to repay this person for their travel. Because the program is so large and has so many parts, confusion often arises among those in need of work as to why this or that can’be done and who is t responsible for what. Possibly this will help. The prime sponsor o f the group responsible for the Indian Manpower program is Tribal Governors’Inc. , This organization is a consortium o f tribal governors and Presidents o f the Association o f Aroostook Indians and the Central Maine Indian Association. This “ leader’consortium”is responsible for hiring s the manpower director and field supervisors. The manpower director is responsible for the overall administration o f all CETA titles. Tribal Governors’Inc. is responsible for policy, goals, objec­ , tives. The field supervisors were hired to provide out­ reach for the Title III program, which is oriented toward on-the-job training. Another function is to serve as a local liason with the overall manpower program. The field supervisors include Russell Sacobey, AAI; Wally Pehrson, Indian Island,- Phyllis Sabattus, Indian Township and Dave Francis, Pleasant Point. Hiring to fill training positions is done at the local level with the approval o f the Indian manpower director. Title II positions and staff positions have been approved by Tribal Governors’Inc. , The number o f positions available to each consor­ tium member is decided by Tribal Governors’ Inc. , �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance 'She Loves to Teach' OUTSTANDING TEACHER — Sister Maureen is seen here with two of her students from Beatrice Rafferty School using a rather novel teaching tool — the sewing machine. Editor’Note: The following story was first printed in s the Department o f Education and Cultural Services newspaper. * * * Last year five Passamaquoddy boys spent six Friday afternoons in a fish house and boat, learning skills which may help them make a living some day. In the process they also learned about their unique ancestry from the Indian who operates the weir. Thanks to a program designed by Sister Maureen Wallace, Maine’ 1973-74 teacher of the year, and s Sister Ellen Turner, some Passamaquoddies and others are making elementary age children more aware of job opportunities and helping them begin thinking about their life’work. Originally funded by s a Title III teacher mini-grant the program is now part of the local budget and is expanding to other Indian schools. But the career education program -is only one reason why a committee o f representatives from the Maine Teachers Association, the Maine School Management Association and the Maine Department of Education and Cultural Services (MDECS) chose Sister Maureen as a symbol of teaching excellence. The major reason was what committee members saw when they visited Sister Maureen’ classroom where s 25 vibrant, imaginative first and second graders like to draw colorful pictures for visitors, teach them Passamaquoddy words, and make them feel like part of the class. Her class is informal, ungraded and individualized. With patience and humor she promotes a way of life for her students that is free o f the tension and animosity that can stunt creative development. 9 to 11 a.m. four mornings a week is a good example o f how an individualized program can be efficient and humane at the same time. Each night Sister Maureen draws up different lessons for each student in a series o f five steps, the difficulty o f each depending upon his reading level. In the morning each student gets his “ What Step Are You On” folder. Then the child moves independently between steps. Here’ an example o f how a lesson might work. In s Step 1 he reads the day’ new words; Step 2 is a s phonics worksheet based on sounds in the words; Step 3 takes him to-the board to practice writing and spelling the word; during Step 4 he practices phonics and reading aloud with a partner or listens to taped stories with visual accompaniment; during Step 5 he is free to watch the Electric Company or play games. Each morning Sister Maureen and Inez Nicholas, her teaching assistant, give each student at least one 10-15 minute conference which serves as a time to give extra help to a child and to find out what he has actually learned. T hu s each child works independently or with a friend and gets individual help and evaluation. Sister Maureen has the imagination to successfully execute her plans as well as design them. How d o you get the concept o f measuring feet and inches across to primary children? “ s easy,” says It’ Sister Maureen, “ Use a dinosaur!” Using the fascination these prehistoric beasts hold for this age group, she first had discussion during science period about their size. During math class that same day they took a skein o f yarn and their rulers to the gym and unwound 80 ft. o f yarn, measuring as they went, to THEN . . . July 18, 1967 “ Dear Mrs. Altvater: Thank you for your letter o f interest by you and the Parish Council in the education o f your children. A school board, per se, with its powers and duties as prescribed by statute, is not possible for Indian education. The school privileges-for children living on Indian reservations “ shall be provided under the direction o f the Commissioner under such rules and regulations as may be made from time to time by him and approved by the Governor and Council. (Title 20, Chapter 119, Section 1451.) The responsibility for the education of Indian children is, then, entirely that o f the Commissioner of Education and the Governor and Council. It is exactly the same relationship as exists for the unorganized territories in the education o f their children. In the short time that we have been responsible for them, we have felt the need for consultation with the parents o f the Indian children, and plan to ask for the election o f an advisory committee for each of the Indian schools. Such an advisory committee could not make decisions but could meet regularly with our staff members in the discussion o f school matters. We know this would be helpful to our Department and think that it would be advantageous for the committee members and the children. I hope this clarifies the possibilities and indicates our com m on interest in the quality o f education in the reservation schools. Sincerely yours, » /s/ William T. Logan, Jr. Commissioner o f Education” Maine Indian Education News have a visual demonstration o f the length o f an 80 ft. dinosaur. What sound does the letter ‘ make? Have your B’ students create a monster, have him make a sound starting with that letter, and paint his picture. They remember the sound, and they enjoyed learning it. Sr. Maureen compiled the pictures, named them after the book entitled “ Where the Wild Things Are” and , made a tape recording o f the children talking about their monsters. Finally, after the basic academics, how do you get a child to value his ethnic background in a culture that has treated it as a novelty or inferior? “ o build up T Students move about as they please during “ free their pride as Indians, I tell them how proud I am to time”(which can be declared at any time) they play be Irish,”said Sister Maureen. “ child might say to A constructively — whether strengthening their finger me, “ You’ Indian aren’ you?’and another will re t muscles with clay, flashing arithmetic cards with a reply, ‘ Course not — she’ Irish.’They know I’ s m friend, or telling Sister Maureen a story with a small proud to be Irish.” group o f children in a corner. Sister Maureen brings Passamaquoddies into her Play period ends quickly and Sister Maureen’ s career education program wherever possible. Four requests are heeded even though disciplining is times a year children have a new set o f careers from limited to occasionally placing a child in a chair until which they may choose one to study. he is quiet. “ She loves to teach, and she teaches with Sister Maureen and her students also study love. Her students in turn give her their hearts as well Passamaquoddy culture for half an hour every as their attention,” said Supt. Meredith Ring who afternoon. Four days a week, Rita Altvater teaches the nominated Sister Maureen as Maine Teacher of the Passamaquoddy language which is spoken in most Year. homes. On Friday children do traditional dance steps. When the children enter Sister Maureen’ class s Sister Maureen has also taken a Passamaquoddy from the Reservation Headstart program they learn at culture course at the Peter Dana Point Reservation. their own rate. One girl, for example, entered first “ teacher’ role is not confined to her immediate A s ’ ade at mid-year last winter, and was doing second • class but encompasses the whole community,” says ' work this September even though her friends Sister Maureen whose work takes her out o f her class­ ow it. room during non-school hours. She lives across the Maureen’reading program which runs from s AND N O W . . . On October 1, 1969, legislation (PL 463) became effective, establishing School Committees in these words: “ The Passamaquoddy Tribe o f Indian Township, the Passamaquoddy Tribe o f Pleasant Point and the Penobscot Tribe o f Indian Island shall each be authorized to elect by popular election a school committee . . . to provide educational and cultural services for its residents. It shall be the responsibility o f the school committee to approve all programs, expenditures of funds and procurement of personnel . . . The Indian school committees shall jointly . . . select a superintendent o f schools . . . The committees shall jointly select a treasurer . . . Each school committee may establish personnel regulations and a system for purchases and accounting . . . All bills, including payrolls, must be approved for payment by the school committee members . . . The biennial budgets shall be drawn up by the superintendent and school committees ...” street from Rafferty School in St. Ann s Convent. During her off hours Sister Maureen tutors Passama­ quoddy high school students in business subjects twice a week, teaches home economics to adults and children twice a week, is a member o f the St. Ann Church Parish Council, and secretary/moderator of the Ladies Sodality. Since her graduation from St. Joseph’ College, s North Windham, she has taught children with learning disabilities and emotional problems at a clinic conducted at the St. Joseph’ Convent in s Portland. It was while a teacher at the clinic that she was introduced to the individualized learning concepts that guide her classroom work. Finally, Sister Maureen did not shy away from the role o f lobbyist in 1972 when she appeared twice before the 106th Legislature to speak in behalf of funding an addition to the Rafferty School for its early childhood program. The addition was not approved but the proposal will be back in the hopper again this winter and Sister Maureen said she will return to Augusta again if the bill appears in trouble. The number of students at the Rafferty school rose from 117 to 150 this fall as a resurgence of cultural pride and newly available federal housing brought Passamaquoddies back to the reservation. Sister Maureen not only represents the best of the teaching profession but also the best of a fusion between the public sector, a private religion and an ethnic strain unique to Maine. �Wabanaki Alliance Page 5 Longley Cuts Indian Education Budget The Maine education budget request for the next biennium has been cut nearly one half million dollars, according to Meredith Ring, superintendent. The money requested by the three Indian school committees and the Maine Indian Scholarship Committee totaled $872,612 for fiscal year 1975-76 and S912.800 for FY 76-77. “ Governor Longley s recommendation of $659,306 and $732,800 represents a cut o f 24 per cent in year one and 25 per cent in year two,”Ms. Ring stated. These drastic cuts take place at a time o f increased enrollment. Pleasant Point has an increase in enrollment o f 35 per cent from the last budget presentation to this. Enrollment in the Indian Island school is increasing 27 per cent and 15 per cent at Indian Township. Enrollment projections do not consider new housing anticipated on the reservations which could make the percentage cuts 15 to 20 per cent higher, money. The State Department of Education and Cultural Services has ruled that the Indian schools can receive no special education reimbursement because no property taxes are collected. This means the Indian Education Department must seek these funds directly from legislative appropriations. Put another way, a school committee must-— in its budget — provide for the full cost o f all students or be in violation o f Maine State law. The cost of compliance with this law is estimated to be $226,877 for the Indian community for the biennium. According to Ms. Ring, this is money that has to be included in our operating budget, but is not included in other operating budgets. The number o f Indian students in school that require scholarship aid has more than doubled in the last two years. Due to a lack o f funds, the Maine Indian Scholarship Committee has established a limit of $1000 per student regardless of need (the Maine State Legislature established a maximum o f $3000 per student). This year the number of awards are 88 still. The Indian school committees are hound by the costing $66,104 — an average of $750 per student. same legislation as all other school committees and The cut in funds would mean either that the average these are compeled by LD 1965, the new special award would be reduced by approximately 25 per cent education law, to educate all handicapped children or an additional 25 per cent o f the students with needs regardless o f cost. will be turned away. All other school committees in Maine receive a Although each school committee and the scholar­ special education reimbursement because that ship committee would have to approve the budget cuts reimbursement is partly funded by property tax the Maine Indian Education business office has computed the following as an example of the magnitude o f cuts. Administration: superintendent, principals, busi­ ness manager, bookkeepers — cut 20 per cent. Elementary education : programs for students in early childhood, primary, elementary, and junior high — cut 20 per cent. Secondary education: tuition to another school can not be cut unless some students are told they can not attend high school. Adult and community services: adult training and education classes, high school equivalence classes, school committee expenses — cut 40 per cent. G uidan ce and sp ecia l edu cation : guidance counselors and special education funds to meet requirements o f LD 1965 — cut 40 per cent. Physical facilities: building operations can't be cut. New equ ipm en t and m ain ten an ce would be eliminated. School nutrition and food service: cut 20 per cent. Transportation: provided by contract; this can t be cut unless students are transported part o f the way or part o f the time. Scholarship committee: provides aid for students to attend vocational training, college or high school from home — cut 25 per cent. Guidelines for Indian Book The following were developed by the participants in the Library Services Institute for Minnesota Indians, conducted by the Minnesota State Department of Education and the University of Minnesota College of Education. Summer 1969. 1 Would the book help an Indian identify with and . 6e proud o f his heritage? 2. Does the book express Indian values? Might the book help an Indian reader to reconcile his own values with conflicting ones? 3. How might the book affect the non-Indian reader's image o f Indian people? Does it foster a positive or a negative image of the American Indian? 4. Is the book sympathetic to the distinctive FUTURE VIOLINIST — Kelly Nelson of Indian characteristics of Indian culture? In terms of whose Island, recognized for her outstanding musical values and attitudes is Indian culture being abilities with the violin, demonstrates her talents. evaluated? His own or those o f another culture? 5. Do the illustrations authentically depict the Indian ways of life? 6. Is the image o f the Indian presented one o f a real human being, with strengths and weaknesses, who Kelly Nelson, 11-year-old sixth grader at Indian acts in response to his own nature and his own times? Island School, has been selected for the Central Maine 7. If fictional, are the characters realistically Youth Training Orchestra. She has been taking violin developed? Are situations true or possibly true to lessons after regular school hours for three years. Indian ways of life? Students are selected on a competitive basis from all 8. Are the images o f the Indian stereotyped? O f the Old Town schools to participate in the training stereotyping, Alvin M. Josephy, Jr. says in his book, orchestra. The Indian Heritage o f America (Knopf, 1968, p.8): Mrs. Helen Morin, music teacher for the O ld Town “ More common among most whites are the schools, comes to Indian Island School on Monday false understandings and images which they afternoons to work with beginning music students. retain about Indians. For many, the moving The Central Maine Youth Training Orchestra will pictures, true portrait o f all Indians: the dour, be touring eastern Maine this Spring, playing in stoic, warbonneted Plains Indian. He is a schools which do not now have a music program. warrior, he has no humor unless it is that of an incongruous and farcical type, and his langu­ Kelly, having been selected for the training age is full o f ‘ hows’ ‘ , ughs’ and words that , orchestra while only in sixth grade, is a likely end in ‘ . Only rarely in the popular media um’ candidate for the high-school-age Central Maine o f communications is it hinted that Indians Youth Orchestra in a few more years. Kelly recently too, were, and are, all kinds o f real, living started taking drum lessons, and, at this point, persons like any others and that they included doesn’know which instrument she prefers. t peace-loving wise men, mothers who cried for Over a dozen students at Indian Island are learning the safety o f their children, young men who to play musical instruments, and two pupils who got sang songs o f love and courted maidens, their first musical instruction at the school, Lori dullards, statesmen, cowards, and patriots. Nelson (Kelly’ sister) and Donald Paul (now Junior s Today there are college-trained Indians, High pupils in Old Town) were also chosen to perform researchers, business and professional men with the training orchestra. Lori, a seventh grader, is and women, jurists, ranchers, teachers, and second clarinet; and Donald was selected for second political office holders. Yet so enduring is the trumpet. stereotype that many a non-Indian, especially Kelly says she likes all kinds o f music, particularly if he lives in an area where Indians are not rock and currently, is learning a very pretty composi­ commonly seen, expects any American Indian tion named “ Echoes” . Indian Island Girl Excels on Violin he meets to wear a feathered headdress. When he sees the Indian in a conventional business suit instead, he is disappointed.” 9. Does the book present both sides of the event, issue, problem, etc.? Does the book contain any factual errors or misleading information: Does it perpetuate myths about the American Indian? 10. Are loaded words (i.e., chief, savage, buck, squaw, red skin, etc.) used in such a way as to be needlesly offensive, insensitive, inappropriate? 11. Does the book put the contributions the American Indians have made to Western civilization in rightful and accurate perspective? 12. What additional information might be needed to make the book more relevant, useful, or to present both sides? Is comparable information presented more effectively in another book? 13. Is the author qualified to write a book dealing with American Indians? 14. Has the book been reviewed or evaluated by a person who is knowledgeable about American Indians as well as about the subject o f the book? 15. Where and how might this book be used in a school curriculum to increase awareness and understanding o f the American Indian?_______________ I Am an Eagle By Lorene Dana I am a big eagle I live in the mountains I breathe the mountain air I see the sun set at night I belong to the sun and flowers the mountains and the river If I should fight for my mountains and die The mountains would be sad For I no longer see the sun set, Or breathe the mountain air, Or see the flowers bloom Or see the river flow. (Lorene Dana is 13 years old. She is a student at Beatrice Rafferty School at Pleasant Point, Perry, Maine. Lorene is Passamaquoddy.) Lorene’ poem was first published in the Marchs April, 1974 issue o f “ The Weewish Tree” a magazine , o f Indian America for young people. Published by the American Indian Historical Society, this magazine is used in many schools throughout the country in their libraries and classrooms. �Page o 6 W dO Wabanaki Alliance dlldW rniiaui-v ^ 0 BlAJHead Discusses Recognition By Roger Gabriel At a meeting of the Federal Regional Council (FRC) in Boston, Maine Indian leaders and members o f the FRC Indian Task Force gathered recently with Bureau of Indian Affairs Commissioner Morris Thompson. The meeting was held to discuss issues pertinent to the question o f Federal recognition and how it might affect Maine Indians and those o f other Indian tribes situated throughout New England. O f particular interest to the Federal Regional Council and to the representatives o f the'various New England Indian tribes was the recent Federal Court decision which proclaims that a trust relationship in fact exists between the Federal G overnm ent and the Passamaquoddy Tribe. This decision, yet subject to appeal, would make the Passamaquoddies eligible for programs and services from the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington, setting the precedent for other Indian tribes in New England and in other areas throughout the Eastern Federal recognition, characterizing the situation at one point as a “ battle for survival". BIA Commissioner, Morris Thompson com ­ plimented the (Region I) FRC for its efforts in behalf of Indian people in New England and for the unusually close ties which have been developed. Thompson noted that he knew o f no other Federal Regional Council which was presently dealing with Indian problems to the extent addressed by Region I. Commissioner Thompson and his staff then presented a background o f the Federal recognition process and described briefly the implications of Federal recognition status. Reed Chambers, BIA Associate Solicitor, stated that the Department of Interior has made no decision as yet concerning possible appeal o f the decision which would make the Passamaquoddies eligible for up to $5 million dollars per year in additional programs and services In reference to the figure. Chambers said that while it may not appear to be a large amount ot money compared to an annual BIA budget o f $800 to $900 million dollars, difficulties may arise m seeking states. Richard Putnum o f the FRC Indian Task Force, approval o f the additional amount from Congress. described the unique characteristics of the Task Force Tom Tureen, Attorney in the Passamaquoddy case, and the encouraging results already achieved in requested the Department o f Interior not to appeal cutting red tape and obtaining Federal funding for the Passamaquoddy vs. Morton court decision since New England Indians, but emphasized that additional the case was based on sound legal grounds and the special Indian funds and services were being denied appeal process could take an extended period o f time through lack of Federal recognition. in which the tribe would be further denied the eligible ben efits conferred by the present decision. Commissioner lohn Stevens of Maine took the Commissioner Thompson replied that the decision opportunity to voice frustrations experienced by him­ was too recent for the Department o f Intenor to make self and other Maine Indian leaders in trying to obtain any final determination relative to a possible appeal. In council action following discussion on Federal recognition, the FRC voted unanimously to accept and endorse a Federal Recognition Paper which would be forwarded to the key staff o f the Secretary of Interior along with a cover letter raising issues regarding the Passamaquoddy vs. Morton decision and its effect on the gaining of access to Federal grant programs for Indians. The Federal Regional Council is made up o f nine Federal agencies from the New England Region which through its Indian Task Force provides a means of communication between New England Indians and the Federal bureaucracy and to enable New England Indians to make an impact on those groups formulating Indian policies on the national level. Pleasant Point Featured in Washington County Documentary A documentary film on Washington County life will include a section relating to the Passamaquoddy Indians at Pleasant Point Reservation. The purpose of the film funded by the Maine Humanities Council and the Department o f Commerce and Industry, is to illustrate life and work in Washington County for promotion purposes. The producer, Margaret Kenda and her film crew obtained permission from the tribal governor and council to interview individuals and to take film footage o f various aspects o f reservation life related to community development, bi-lingual education and personal attitudes toward the environment in which Vernon Mitchell Hired As Indian Police Captain they live. The film will be the subject o f public showings in Washington County and on W EM T Channel 7 television in May o f this year. RG Vernon Mitchell, a Maine native, has been hired as Captain of the Maine Indian Police replacing Harold Lewey. who resigned in January. Mitchell, 37, has five years of police experience including three years as police chief for the Town o f Ashland, Maine. Captain Mitchell also has two years o f college and is presently studying for his B.S. degree in criminology with sociology as his minor. "O ne o f our biggest problems," according to Mitchell, -is developing necessary trust with local, county and state police agencies and restoring that common bond upon which the necessary inter-coop­ eration is based." "S o far." says Mitchell, "we ve received good cooperation in this area. The Indian Police Commission, established a year ago, serves the two Passamaquoddy Reservations in Washington County and the Penobscot Reservation in Old Town, with headquarters in Calais. Although the new Commission has experienced some initial "growing pains," Captain Mitchell feels that the Maine Indian Police will develop into a successful and effective law enforcement organization. The Commission, with police equipment which is for the most part above the standard o f many other local agencies, represents the latest attempt at securing an effective law enforcement program for Reservation communities. DHRS Board Requests Non-Appeal of Land Case i The Diocesan Human Relations Services Board of Directors discussed and approved a motion to request Maine's attorney General to NOT appeid the January 20 decision by Judge Edward Gignoux in the case of Passamaquoddies vs. Morton. In a letter dated March 20, Attorney General Joseph Brennan, alludes to the importance o f the decision for Maine Indian people then states: ‘ can I assure you that prior to making any final decision whether or not to take an appeal, I will, together with my staff, make a thorough review o f the entire matter, giving due consideration to all appropriate factors.' Basket Co-op Building To Be Renovated The Passamaquoddy Housing Authority at Indian Township has been awarded a $56,000 contract to renovate the Passamaquoddy Indian Basket Co-op. A grant for that amount was awarded to the tribe by the Economic Development Administration in Washing­ ton, D.C. earlier this year. Extensive renovations o f the 25 year old structure will include leveling of the floor, installation o f a new heating system, electrical system, toilet facilities and reinforcement o f the roof and walls. The Housing Authority plans to use qualified reservation manpower to do much of the renovation. The building used for the Basket Co-op is the former Lake View Theater which was built about 1950. For years, this was the only form o f visual entertainment for many miles. Several thousands of dollars o f Indian baskets have been made at the basket co-op since its inception four years ago. Through its existence, a dying art threatened with extinction has been permitted to survive through modern times when the “ almighty dollar”tends to ignore the amount of work which goes into the making of an Indian basket. The co-op also has provided a means to instruct those who do not yet know the age-old tradition o f basket making. This is to be the first project whereby the tribe, through its Housing Authority, has been the prime contractor. Another project of this type will be the Passamaquoddy Campground project scheduled to begin later this spring. RG �Wabanaki Alliance Page 7 Cribbage Takes Its Toll Paul A. Francis, Jr. INDIAN REPRESENTATIVES — Penobscot Representative, Ernest Goslin, left, and Passamaquoddy Representative Joseph Nicholas, right, were recently seated in the State House of Representatives with speaking privileges following several decades in which Indian representatives had been denied this right. Spring Flooding Ominous around Indian Island where all but one o f the 370 The time o f year is rapidly approaching when island inhabitants reside. Each spring the April rains Indian Island residents are very often plagued by the and melting snow force the waters o f the Penobscot up flooding o f reservation property due to a combination and over the banks o f Indian Island, spilling into low o f melting snow, jamming o f ice flows and rising o f areas which often divide the village proper into three waters due to spring rains. The flooding generally sections. A few years ago the Army Corps o f Engineers affects all o f the 146 islands which comprise the constructed temporary dikes to retard some o f the Penobscot Reservation. Several o f the islands within flooding, but the waters o f the Penobscot continue to the expanse which stretches from Old Town to Mattawamkeag have been known to disappear * seep through them backing up toilets and sinks o f some of the island’residents when the river rises. s completely from view in torrential currents which erode away portions o f the Penobscot Reservation. A number o f land owners have turned down previous proposals by tribal leaders who tried to The seasonal concern, however, generally centers secure easements for the purpose o f installing permanent dikes which would help protect the land from flooding. However, legal language in the ease­ ments seems to pose more o f a threat than the rising waters. Although the tribe has the legal power of “ eminent domain,”Tribal Governor Nicholas Sapiel, has said that despite the fact the easement problem is “ very frustrating”he has “ intention o f taking any no drastic steps”to secure easements at this time. CETA Workshop Held To Assist New Staff Members A combined effort involving Andrew Akins o f the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy Tribal Planning Board and Meredith Ring o f the Maine Indian Education resulted in the development o f an Indian CETA workshop for those who will be directing CETA activities. The purpose o f the workshop was to identify some o f the problems which have plagued previous training efforts with the long range goal o f improving work skills and habits. In the workshop, which was held January 20-21, Ms. Ring asked the 14 participants to identify possible reasons why other programs have failed. Next, the person responsible for handling the individual problems that might arise were identified as: the supervisor, the trainee, the placement agency or the grantor. Responsibilities o f the supervisors (16 were listed) range from working with the training agency, evaluating the trainees and operating within thenbudgets to helping the trainee acquire employment at the end o f the training period. The training agencies will be responsible for providing assurance that they are qualified to train workers, that there will be no discrim in ation , and for m eeting all CETA requirements, as well as hiring the trainee at the end o f the training period. Trainees will be held accountable for their own attendance and punctuality, for following CETA and employer’ personnel policies and regulations, for s maintaining the training schedule and cooperating with co-workers and employees. They are also expected to con d u ct m onthly self-evaluation, measuring their own progress, and to seek employment at the end o f training. Perhaps the most useful document produced by the workshop participants was an “ On-The-Job-Evalua­ tion Sheet.”Regular evaluation o f each trainee will be made on nine categories o f general work habits and seven catagories of job skills. Such detailed and regular evaluation should help those involved to better judge the successes and shortcomings o f the program. According to local sources, the last two years have been the most severe in recent times. In the spring o f 1973, the National Guard was called in to reinforce temporary dikes with sandbags and to pump out flooded areas in the village. Last year a pump had to be rented to pump out water seeping through the dikes. With all the snow that has fallen this winter, officials from the Water Resources Division o f the U.S. Geological Survey in Augusta say it’ anyone’ s s guess to what extent flooding will occur this spring since much will depend on the April rains. The one thing that is certain is that flooding will occur again this spring as it has for years at Indian Island. RG Home Winterizing Program Cited for Its Excellence The Indian Island Community Action Program has become a model o f efficiency for the State office of Economic Opportunity’Project Fuel. s Tony Reddington, a member o f the state O EO ’ s project fuel staff, was impressed by the Indian Island program’capability to document accountability. s Mike Ranco, Indian Island CAP director at the time, said: “ Our reporting system can be used to show money outgoing and services received for those in need o f service. In addition, we have substantiated the subjective impact o f our work by providing service recipients with forms on which to comment. Such things as ‘ no longer shiver when I watch TV’ I suggest the elimination o f drafts. Ranco stated that most o f their forms had been developed by Miles Francis, the agency’ carpenters supervisor. Working with Miles are Harry and Douglas Francis, who worked to put the winterizing material in homes needing such. Ranco also stated that one o f the purposes o f the followup forms was to see “ we’ really curtailing if re the costs o f heating to those in need.” O f cribbage, Jim Sappier, who represents Maine Indians at the Federal Regional Council in Boston, modestly confides, “ father introduced the game of My cribbage to Indian Island, and such as he had no equal in the game, I too, have no equal since I learned the game from my father.” Such, then, ran the braggadocio in the island community. But however convincingly one braggart presented his claim to another, rebuttal to the sam e. was swift, unmerciful, and equally convincing, or, at least, equally presumptuous. And the only way to settle an issue such as this is to have the boasters lay their claim on the line and square off in competition. Thus evolved the idea to have a cribbage tournament. An entry fee o f $5 was charged to each participant so that in addition to clear, unquestionable claim to the title o f “ Cribbage Champion o f the Penobscot Indian Reservation,”a cash prize o f $50 was awarded to the winner. The second place finisher received $20. The tournament was held March 15 at the Indian Island School gym, and 27 claimants to the title submitted entry fees. Such notables as Gov. Nicholas Sapiel, Lt. Gov. Peter Neptune, Council-members Joe Polchies and Irving Ranco, Interim Director of the Indian Alcoholism Program Mike Ranco, and Jim Sappier laid their reputations on the line. Beginning at 10:30 a.m. the action proceeded fast and furious for five gruelling hours* before a victor emerged, exhausted but jubilant, fifty dollars richer and undisputed cribbage champ o f Indian Island. Paul A. Francis, Jr., emerged as the victor, and Miles Francis finished second. Seriously, the tournament was held in benefit of the M en’ Softball team and the Andrew Sockalexis s Track Club to help finance them through the coming seasons. Yet, rumbles continue, issuing from those who believe themselves to be invincible cribbage players but who would not stake $5 on their claims of invincibility. So, another tournament is planned for the near future featuring doubles as well as singles. And from there? Perhaps there are a few Passamaquoddies at Pleasant Point or Indian Township who are familiar with the game o f cribbage. If so, I wonder if they would be worthy opponents o f the Penobscots? Indian Island Man Cited for Bravery March 14,1975 W e the members o f the Old Town Fire Department would like to see some com ­ mending action taken on behalf o f Nelson Francis for his quick and unselfish act on March 14,1975. At 11:25 A.M., we responded to a fire at the Kagan-Lown Shoe Co. for a fire in the dust , hopper. As we were digging the leather dust out o f the hopper, firefighter Duane Brasslett was applying water to the fire when it exploded, blowing Brasslett back against the fife truck, burning him about the eyes and face. Nelson Francis immediately jumped between Firefighter Brasslett and the fire, grabbing the nozzle from the ground and guarded Firefighter Brasslett with his body, and started to extinguish the fire. His unselfish act in regard to his own safety, prevented Firefighter Brasslett from more serious bums. If we had a medal for valor, I certainly would recommend Nelson Francis for it. Asst. Chief James Monk � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (April 1975) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-421 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/30a88e15df2e2dc8a5af914abf7ba9fd.pdf 31966ed296855e143d2d5e49c8ec21d6 PDF Text Text W abanaki A llia n ce Non-profit org. U Postage .S. Paid 2.1* Orono, Maine Permit No. 14 April 1978 __________ BIRTHDAY SURPRISE— Sister Elizabeth Desjardins was given a special birthday party recently by pupils at Indian Township elementary school, the fourth and fifth grades. ____________ ______ ____________ __________________________ ________ _________________ __________ State's advisor said settle case out of court AUGUSTA — Widely-known Wash ington, D.C. lawyer Edward Bennett Williams advised the state of Maine to pursue an out-of-court settlement of Indian land claims, a source says. A well-informed source who has worked wiith Williams told Gov. James B. Longley and Atty. Gen. Joseph Brennan that the state should not try to litigate the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy claim s to two thirds of Maine. The state has consistently maintained the claim s are without merit, and should be settled in court. Williams reportedly recomm ended state officials try to negotiate with Indians for a compromise settlement, such as the current White House to negotiate with Indians for a com prom ise settlement, such as the proposal that would give Indians $25 million, 500,000 acres plus $1.7 million for 1 years. Only the annual payment would 5 com e from state coffers. Williams was retained for a while by Longley, and p rovided co n sid era b le assistance to the state, according to Rep. James E. Tierney (D-Lisbon Falls), member of a legislative com mittee on the Indian claims case. But Tierney said he doesn’ know what t advice Williams gave the state, nor does he know if Williams was paid for his services. “I really don't know, I haven’ t had any input” he said. Tierney said that as a ‘‘ lawyer for a defendent (the sta te) ” he sh ou ldn ’ t comment on the case, but that he was ‘working toward a position.” ‘ Both Longley and Brennan refused to answer questions about Williams. Brennan refused to reitum repeated phone calls to his Augusta office. (Continued on back page) where she teaches |Cartwright Photo] Land case deadline finds Indians impatient, State indifferent ORONO — A deadline for responding to Penobscot-Passamaquoddy Indian land claim s arrived as Wabanaki Alliance went to press, but like a holiday nobody observes, the deadline seem ed a hollow date. April 1 was the day by which state 0 officials, and spokesmen for 14 m ajor pulp and paper com panies in Maine, were asked to respond to a White House proposal to settle the Indian claim s out of court. The proposal would give the tribes 500,000 acres of privately-held land, $25 million from the federal government, and $1.7 million annually for 1 years, from the 5 state. Wayne Newell, P assam aqu odd y negotiator, said Gov. Jam es B. Longley and Atty. Gen. Joseph Brennan are ‘blocking’ resolution of the claims. Newell called the request from the Deadline extended WASHINGTON — A one-month extension on an April 1 land case 0 proposal deadline has been granted by Maine Indians to the state. State officials had been given until April 1 to respond to a proposed 0 settlem en t of PenobscotPassamaquoddy claim s to two thirds of Maine. The extension was announced jointly by Thomas N. Tureen, lawyer for Indians, and the White House task force negotiating with the tribes. Maine Atty. Gen. Joseph E. Brennan had sought a 60-day extension. White House for an extension a “ stalling tactic on the part of the Governor to try to sway public opinion. We’ re anxious to know which way it’ going to go. Indian s people are getting very impatient, and I don’ blam e them,” he said. t Deputy Atty. Gen. John Patterson, how ever, com m en ted that ‘‘Frankly, nobody is particularly worried about the deadline.” Patterson and Brennan have been researching the state’ position that s the Indian claim s are without merit, and can be beaten in court. Thomas N. Tureen, lawyer for the two tribes said, “The negotiating com m ittee’ s position is that they are willing to grant an extension of time to the state and papier companies, if there is a clear indication that they want the time to discuss a settlement.” Tureen explained that if the state and pa per firm s re fu se the p r o p o se d settlement, the federal government can still proceed with efforts to implement payment of $25 million to the tribes, in exchange for Indians dropping their suit against all landowners in the claim s area except those owning m ore than 50,000 acres (the 14 firms). The actual lawsuit, which could be brought by the federal government against the state and large landholders, will not be set in motion until June 1 , Tureen said. 5 Tureen said he remains confident that an out-of-court settlement of claim s can be reached. Rights panel backs Indian INDIAN TOWNSHIP — A young Passa maquoddy woman’s allegation of race dis crimination was found valid recently by the Maine Human Rights Commission in Augusta. Regina Petit, Passamaquoddy, filed a complaint in May 1977 stating a non-Indian Princeton camp owner had refused to rent her one of the camp units. The Human Rights Commission voted that ‘‘reasonable grounds” exist for the housing discrimina tion complaint. Petit said the case has already been resolved, and camp owner Robert Carles will be required to pay her $640 in damages. But Jane Lepore, on the com mis sion staff, said the case was still in a “ conciliation” stage, and would not be (Continued on back page) Regina Petit �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance April 1978 editorials On fires and fear Indian Township is, first and foremost, a hospitable community of Passamaquoddy people. There are the usual, age-old problems of poverty, abuse of alcohol and long standing discrimination perpetrated by non-Indians. And there is the internal problem of arson. Almost nothing is more frightening than fire in a rural area, and nothing more threatening to the security of a home. A mobile home was recently lost to fire at Indian Township — whether or not it was a case of arson wasn’ known. t But there have been a dozen fires in recent months that have destroyed homes at Peter Dana Point and the Strip (both part of the reservation). Those conflagrations were clearly set. We don’ understand the motive for deliberately setting fire to a t home, especially if the action comes from within the Indian community. And we will never understand — no matter how many reasons are brought forth. We know arson is an intolerable act of violence, one that disrupts the community and leaves both physical and spiritual scars. W e’ not looking for culprits. They know who they are, and finding re them is somebody else’ official job. W e’ looking for peace. Let the s re community work together, heal the wounds and get on with the business of creating a good life for all its members. Fire breeds fear, and fear causes suspicion, mistrust and disillusionment. The Indian Township housing authority met recently to re-assign a home that had been vacated that same day. The authority did not want the place empty for even a few hours because of possible vandalism, or worse. It doesn ’ have to be that way. The people of Indian Township have a t tremendous resource: themselves. They are honest, thoughtful, aware. They are loving and warm, not just to their own people, but also to outsiders who com e in peace. This is no place for arson and fear. Two-headed monster The future of Maine Indians seem s to be improving: Prospects for long sought after goals such as better housing, higher educational levels, economic development, and more importantly, selfdetermination are brightening. Yet an enemy lurks among the Indian people, and that enemy is alcohol and drug abuse. No external force has more effectively dragged Indian children out of school and away from homes, depressed economic development, and forced Indian men and women to their knees than these killers of the body, mind, and spirit. It has been estimated that up to 80 per cent of the deaths on one reservation were in some way related to alcohol or drug abuse. Figures are not much lower on the other reservations. No-one on the reservations is free from pervasive side-effects. Yet the problem seem s almost ignored, at least officially. Is it just that alcoholism has plagued the community for so long that it’ s accepted as a way of life? Some argue that with better housing, education, and economy the abuse of alcohol and drugs will subside. This could be true, but the problem may be “you can ’t get there from here.” Self-determination and economic development will require enormous efforts on the part of the Indian people given the abuses which they have undergone from the outside. Their struggle to achieve these worthy goals may be thwarted by internal abuse just as debilitating as non-Indian prejudice and misunderstanding. Alcoholism is no longer treated purely as a social disease. Changing an a lcoh olic’ surroundings does not necessarily effect a cure; too s many have tried this and failed. Alcohol and drugs instill a physical dependency and are now also treated as a physical disease. Programs exist to fight alcoholism, but they seem at best modest beginnings when viewed against the enormity of the problem they face. Hopefully, these program s are just the beginning of a m assive attack to fight alcohol and drug abuse, for if not, this two-headed monster will continue to feed on Maine Indians. The solution must com e from within. No program can work unless it receives vigorous support of Indian people. — Bill O’ eal N "We're agreed on our dem a n ds . . . We want the state o f Maine, but we want it m oved out here where there's plenty of room!" Promising students Passamaquoddy Indian high school students are expected to graduate, and possibly pursue higher education. They are showing excellence in their studies, too, according to tribal officials. Wayne A. Newell, head of Indian Township social services, said he recalls a 20-year stretch when there were two high school graduates from the tribe. Those days are gone he says. Jeannette Neptune, a Passamaquoddy mother who is herself studying toward a sociology degree from Goddard College in Vermont, said one of her daughters plans to attend an Ivy League college to become a doctor. Newell said most Indian Township high school students now attend Calais High School, where they receive far better treatment, encouragement and opportunity than they did at Woodland High School, or at the defunct Princeton High School nearest the reservation. The climate at Calais appears to be less discriminatory against Indians, and the general level of teaching is reportedly higher than at the Woodland school. There are now at least 35 Passamaquoddy students attending Calais High. One young man made the varsity basketball team recently, and there are other successes. Onward and upward. Wabanaki Alliance Vol. 2, No. 4 April 1978 Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services (DIS) at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Steven Cartwright, Editor William O ’ Neal, Ass’t. Editor DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree |chairman] John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator Albert Dana Timothy Love, CAP director Jeannette Neptune, Youth Commissioner Erlene Paul, Central Maine Indian Assn. Roy Paul, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Maynard Poichies, president, Aroostook Indians Michael Ranco, Central Maine Indian Assn. Indian Island Pleasant Point Indian Township Indian Island Indian Township Indian Island Houlton Houlton Orono DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri butions are deductible for income tax purposes. �Wabanaki Alliance April 1978 Page 3 letters Studying Indians Union City, N.J. To the editor: My class is studying about the Indians of New Jersey. I specially want to get the Lenne Lenape of New Jersey and some information about the California Indians and the Maine Indians and a lot of history about the Indians and a lot of information about the Texas Indians. Thank you. Please fast mail. Felix Alfonso Racism and antipathy Portland, Me. To the editor: In hearing the two sides, the state (i.e. Brennan & Longley) vs. the tribes Penobscot annd Passamaquoddy, one wonders how you invite an unwilling horse to drink — outside of pushing him into the trough! The Indians have repeatedly offered to meet with the State (i.e. Brennan and Longley and representatives of the 1 paper-pulp lords) and the 4 Department of the Interior. I have read the latest negotiation agreement between the tribes and the President’ team and it appears that not s only is the present proposal fair to the rights of small landholders (under 50,000 acres) but it protects the paper industry and actually brings both labor and the 1 4 large businesses who control half the State of Maine into a position where the latter will profit from the out of court settlement and the former — labor will find as a result of the investment from the monies from the Indians that m ore jobs will com e as a result of such a settlement. This brings som e pertinent points out. Why do certain parties (Brennan and Longley) try to m islead the people of the State of Maine? Is it because of their petty political gains — hopes founded on stirring up racism and antipathy between workers and citizens of our State? I think so. John Paul Anthony Warmth and peace Walla Walla, Wa. To the editor: First I must say that when you sent m e those issues of Wabanaki Alliance, I was filled with joy and happiness to receive news of my cousin tribe. Its been a while since I’ talked with, or seen, a m em ber ve of my tribe. And believe m e your paper helped m e to get rid of a lot of loneliness. For that I’ like to thank you from m y d heart, where all goals begin and remain. At this time I want som e information about som e of the things going on around there. I wanted to know if there was an education program available for Indian people in that area. Because you see I am interested in getting a parole from this prison to somewhere in your part of the country. I’ presently in my second year m of college and plan to work towards my B.A. and on to my Master’ Degree. Also I s am a certified Self-Image Psychology Educator. I teach in a class and can give 3 day seminars in an 1 chapter course 1 called, Achieving Your Potential, and I’ d like to find a place to help our people better understand themselves through education processes. So please let m e know if you provide services for ex-offenders like m yself who want to parole from prison to there. If so please let m e know one way or the other. I look forward to the next issue of your paper because I’ ve found an important link to my people once again. In the meantime I hope that each of you there find warmth and peace in your everyday lives. An Indian Brother R eggie “Zeke” Acquin Wampanoag tribe Chester Basin. Nova Scotia Federal District Court Congress St., Boston Honorable Judge W. Skinner Your Honor, That the very existence of a small number of human beings rests solely in the hands of one court is a matter of the greatest concern to us as Micmacs of the Wabanaki Confederation. Your rulings such as non-federal rec ognition, termination and extermination of tribes as well as relocation always block our efforts to self-determination and freedom to define ourselves as native peoples of North America because they invalidate our existence and experience. As members of the Wabanaki Confed eracy, we petition your court on behalf of the Wampanoags of Mashpee, Mass, to recognize them as a tribe and to consider their land claims as valid. Isabelle Knockwood Toney, Micmac Aware of struggle Greensboro, N.C. To the editor: I am David Wilkins (Karonhiawakon) and a m em ber of the sovereign Tuscarora Nation. At the present time I am working with an Indian Center here in Greensboro, N.C. It is my belief that one of our problem s as an Original People is that we are unaware many times of the struggle of our Brothers and Sisters who live in different areas of this Great Island. So, I would invite you to let us open communications between one another that we m ay be supportive and helpful to one another. I would ask you to put us on your mailing list (for free hopefully, for we have very little money), and keep us informed of your movement, and we here will do the same for you. David Wilkins Proud of ancestry Dover-Foxcroft, Me. To the editor: We enjoyed your editorial in Thursday’ s Bangor Daily News very much. Although, as a N.H. Penacook, I have no stake in the land claim, I have followed it with great interest. I didn’ grow up “ashamed” of t being Indian — I grew up “ unaware” of it — because m y father was ashamed of it! I’ sure he would be happy to know that m his daughter and her children can be proud of their ancestry. My husband and I would be very interested in receiving the Wabanaki Alliance. Please let us know subscription rates etc. Keep up the good work. Ellie Barnes A thank you Florence, Ariz. To the editor: As the struggle for justice in the native American political prisoners and cases continues, as the racist and repressive American judicial system continues to hold us behind bars and fences, our faith is strong that the active solidarity and momentum of the movement of concerned people, brothers and sisters, will soon free us. Much credit for the tremendous amount of support we have received is due to publications such as Indian papers. I would like to thank the entire staff of W abanaki A lliance for sen d in g m e your papers, and for making such an effective contribution to the struggle of all n ative A m erican people. Johnny Jam es The work of a vandal s rock creates a spider-web effect in window glass at Indian Township elementary school. (Cartwright photo) Smith takes vows C A M B R ID G E , M ass. — B ro th e r Lawrence C. Smith, a m em ber of the Jesuit order, pronounced his final vows recently in St. John’ Chapel, at a m ass at s Weston School of Theology. The traditional religious ceremony was highlighted by a Passam aquoddy Indian ritual dance, and a reading of Indian sacred legends. Brother Smith has lived and worked with the people of Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy reservation. Among friends, family and guests were Passam aquoddies Joe and Steve Nicholas; Melvin Francis; Sabattus Mitchell and his wife,-Bob and Rose Newell; John Nicholas; and David Francis. Also attending were the mother, sister and brothers of the late Rev. Stanley Bo we, who served many years as priest at Pleasant Point, and was beloved by his congregation. Serving as Indian acolytes for the final vow cerem ony w ere Linda Nicholas, Martina Newell, Molly Newell, Grace Quinn, Joseph Quinn and Merlin Francis. With drum, gourd and rattle, an Indian dance team perform ed a W elcome Dance, War Dance, and finally, a Snake Dance, with everyone invited to join in. A traditional feast followed. Engagement PLEASANT POINT — John L. Bailey and A lberta Smith announce their engagement, and plans for a June 24 wedding at Church of the Immaculate Conception Calais. A reception will follow the wedding, at Stable Inn, Calais. Bailey, a veteran of 1 1 years service in the U.S.armed forces is a P leasan t P oint native and attended Eastport schools. He is public safety coordinator for the Passam aquoddy tribe, and also d ire cts the lo ca l CETA (C om preh ensive E m p loy m en t and Training Act) program. He is a board m em ber of the Division of Indian Services of the Roman Catholic D iocese of Maine, the agency that funds Wabanaki Alliance. Alberta Smith is a native of Calais, and attended local schools. She is employed with the City of Eastport. Quaker group hires consultant BRADLEY — Maine Indian Program Committe, a Quaker group supporting native Americans in the state, has hired a form er director of the Maine State Housing Authority as a consultant on Indian matters. Augusta lawyer Jam es Mitchell, form er housing authority head, has agreed to work part time for the com m ittee to assist in aducating the public on Indians, including the current PassamaquoddyPenobscot land claim s case. Robert L. Cates of Bradley, a m em ber of the volunteer committee, said the Quaker American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) regional office has not yet approved hiring Mitchell, but he did not anticipate any difficulties. Maine Indian Program Committee has prepared a film presentation on the land claim s case, using a panel of four experts, in clu d in g M itchell. The presentation, which the com m ittee hopes to distribute as an educational tool, was narrated and produced by Cates. Do you h a v e a d r in k i n g p r o b le m ? Wabanaki Corporation offers an alco holism program for Indian people who need help because of problems with alcohol. If you have such a problem and need help, or know of someone in need, please contact the Alcoholism Counselor in your community or area. Indian Island — Alcoholism Coun selor — Clarence Francis — 207-8665577. Indian Township — Alcoholism Coun selor — Martha Barstis — 207-796-2321. Pleasant Point — Alcoholism Coun selor — Grace Roderick — 207-8532537. Association o f Aroostook Indians — Alcoholism Counselor — Pious Perley — 207-762-3751. Central Maine Indian Association — Alcoholism Counselor — Alfred Dana — 207-269-2653 or 207-866-5577. �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance April 1978 Indian chief a puzzling legend By S. Glenn Starbird The half-legendary figure of Bashaba the French. His rule extended at least to and his fabulous land of Norumbega has the Notre Dam e Mountains in m odem haunted the minds of historians and Quebec, westward to Lake Champlain and writers for the past four hundred years the upper Hudson and eastward to the St. stands at the very dawn of the recorded John River. histroy of this area. The tribes Bashaba of southern New We know very little about him or the E n glan d ack n ow led ged his general conditions existing at the time he lived and supremacy, but were not fully integrated what records have com e down to us often into the confederacy in the sam e manner conflict with one another. as the tribes of the area mentioned above. Archaeologists say the original lands of To the far east of the continent, in present the Algonkian peoples stretched eastward day New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, were from the Great Lakes, running north into the Micmacs, who although of Wabanaki Ontario and southward into present day culture and background do not seem to Kentucky and Tennessee. There are have constituted a ‘ em ber state’ of the m indications these Indians may have been confederacy. the very people that built the huge earthwork mounds of the midwest which The Penobscots extended into New England and even into present-day Maine. The largest and strongest m em ber of the Modern language ezperts have now s determ ined that the ancient Proto- Confederacy was Bashaba’ own nation, Algonkian lan gu age fam ily had the Penobscots. The earliest records say connections with the M uskohegean his land was called Mavooshem or speakers of the southern Mississippi Mavosen and conformed to the Penobscot Valley. One of the tribes of the Tribal lands of later times. The whole Muskohegean language family was still confederation over which Bashaba ruled building these m ounds when first was called Norumbega. The records of Englishman John Rut, who first left any discovered by the white men. The tribes of the northeast, by the written knowledge of this land, us called middle 1500’ had form ed themselves into Norumbega a “vast and opulent region,” s, 7 several pow erful con fed era cies, the when Rut visited in the summer of 152 . Voyagers passed up and down the coast origins of which are buried in times before our present records begin. Among these in the following decades, mapping and groups was the Wabanaki, which had been exploring, and soon the name and extent of established in New England several JNorumbega was well know in western centuries. Many of them had probably Europe. been driven eastward from their original homelands a thousand years ago during Norumbega nation the time of the Iroquois invasion. The Iroquois have legends of warfare with the But not until the marooned English ‘ Mound Builders’ and it may have been sailor David Ingram pen etrated to these same Iroquois who finally destroyed Bashaba's capital on the Penobscot River that ancient civilization in its old territory. the full richness and power of the Indian Although the A lgonk ian s’ Iroq u ois nation realized. Even now however, we do invasion of the east (Wabanaki) had lost in not know for sure. We do not know to what the first rush of the. invasion they soon extent the story told by Ingram is true and regrouped. When the first voyage down the what was just a figment of his eastern seab oard w as recorded, a imagination. powerful nation stood across the path of Ingram speaks of Bashaba and his the Iroquois and had brought their people using silver, gold and particularly conquests to a halt upon the Hudson River. copper. This is confirmed by Verrazano in The confederated Wabanaki Nations his account of 1530. were ruled by one known as Bashaba by Verrazano speaks of the inhabitants of the English and Bessabez or Bashabez by this region using copper extensively for jew elry and ornam entation. Ingram speaks of Bashaba’ seat of government s being called Arembec, apparently situated at the present site of Bangor or Brewer. But his account has usually been called fiction by most historians. We hear little m ore of Bashaba until Champlain’ meeting with him in 1 0 , s 65 which was supposed to have been near Bangor, or further down the Penobscot River. Dismissed as liar Champlain saw nothing like what Ingram described m ore than thirty years before, and so dismissed him as a liar as have m ost of those who have read Ingram ’ account since that time. s That copper has long been mined in southern Maine and only recently gold and silver have been reported to have been found on som e of the townships owned by Great Northern Paper Co. just west of Portage Lake makes one wonder if Ingram wasn’ so much of a t liar as he has been made out to be. Is it just possible that Bashaba deliberately met Champlain below his cam p in order that the Frenchman might not use the full extent of his wealth? If this is true and Ingram was right, and Champlain had been fooled, what then happened to Arembec, the gold and all the other supposedly thriving towns and villages of Norumbega? Village plundered The answer to that is recorded history. In the fall of 1 606, over som e dispute of which we know little, a party of Norumbegans plundered a M icmac village and killed Panoniac, a M icmac Chief. Then Membertou, the great chief of the Micmacs, gathered his own men together with Indians from the Gaspe, and Etchimins chafing under Bashaba’ rule, s and waged war on the Norumbegan people despite Bashaba’ attempts to reach a s peaceful solution. In July 1607 the combined MicmacEtchimin army swept into what is now Maine, destroying everything in its path. The forces of the now aging Bashaba, caught off guard when his diplomacy had failed, were forced back across the Penobscot Valley and into western Maine. Here in the mountainous areas, they were able to make a stand, but now the MicmacEtchimin coalition, heartened by their success, rolled around Bashaba’ forces s and alon g the coast, invading Massachusetts Bay. A smallpox epidemic Som etime after 1611, Bashaba died and was succeeded byf Asticou. But in 1617, another and deadlier enemy faced the Norumbegan people. This was pestilence which som e think was smallpox. The M icmacs survived, but after a smallpox epidemic, 1631-1634, we hear no m ore of them within the bounderies of Maine. The Norumbegan people had by this time pushed the M icmacs back to the St. Croix River and after the second smallpox epidemic, finally withdrew into their own country beyond the St. John River. The Wabanaki people of northern New England found themselves in 1655 badly wounded, but far from beaten after more than a quarter-century of Civil War, and recu rren t sm a llp ox ep idem ics. Their settled town life, their ancient culture had been se v e re ly disrupted. The towns themselves were now less than ashes and rapidly returning to the encroching forest. Somewhere in this long struggle or in the equally long contest with the Mohawks that was yet to com e they lost their ancient h ie ro gly p h ic w riting system . Their population had been severely depleted; probably no m ore than a tenth of the people remained who had been here in 160 . 0 Minerals discovered ASHLAND — A B angor m ineral research firm reported recently that p o ssib ly the la rg e st sulphide mineralization lode ever found in Maine has turned up in northwestern Maine. Located on land owned by Great Northern Paper Co., the lode contains gold, silver, zinc and copper, a spokesman for the research firm said. He said the amount of gold and silver could be significant. KATAHDIN — This wintry view of the spiritual home of many Maine Indians was .taken from Basin Pond by Wabanaki Alliance staff on a recent cam ping expedition to Baxter State Park. The current proposed settlement of Indian land claim s spells out that White House negotiators will use their “ best efforts” to guarantee Indian access to the park. �Wabanaki Alliance April 1978 Page 5 Passamaquoddy woman plans youth center By Steve Cartwright INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Jeannette Nep tune recalls being a young girl at the Passamaquoddy reservation here, and having nowhere to go. Neptune says simply that she wants to provide “ a place to go ," a place to "think things over" and deal with personal prob lems, whether family-related, school-re lated or otherwise. The place to go is going to be her cellar. Neptune plans to renovate the basement as an informal club where young persons can relax and "feel them selves." And young people can seek advice and talk freely with Neptune, who is currently pursuing a BA in sociology through an extension program from Goddard College, Plainfield, Vt. Neptune is Youth Commissioner for Indian Township tribal government, and is a VISTA volunteer. Her financial resources are limited, but she hopes to raise money for her home-grown youth center through a variety of activities including potluck suppers, beano, crafts, fairs and auctions. Neptune has a small income as an expert basket weaver. She is a member of the United Maine Craftsmen, and exhibits her work regularly. When the idea of a youth center was first discussed, Neptune hoped it could be located in the old Catholic elementary school. But that building is reportedly ratinfested and in disrepair. Jeannette Neptune Now 39 and the mother of six children, Neptune is determined to change the situation for young people, and provide a place to go. For that, she will use her own home. For several years, she has cared for teenagers, and younger boys and girls, as a sort of unofficial group home. ‘‘ The need right now is to set up a center somewhere," said Neptune, adding, " s o what we hope to do is start in my house, which w e’ve been doing all this time anyway. I’ve had maybe 15-20 or 25 kids in my living room. " I thought if I move it down cellar, and have everything that they need down there, it's going to be a little bit better as far as my living conditions are concerned,” Neptune said. She said she hopes to set up a pool table, ping pong, stereo, various other gam es and even a juke box. Eventually, Neptune hopes to find a suitable building on the reservation, and move all equipment to that site. Mean while, she's been meeting with young members of the tribe to plan fund raising strategy and set goals. Neptune talked about "leaving the house open any time of day for all these kids who want to spend some time with somebody . . . this is so they will have something to do, to keep them out of trouble." Neptune said she can’ call herself a t counselor, "becau se I’m not qualified to be a counselor. Let’s put it this way, I offer advice to kids that do need advice, and I offer my home to kids that need a home, that are having problems at home, for as long as they want a home. "I've had maybe six teenagers in my home in the last year or so,” Neptune said. "They're there until they feel they can go home and face some of the problems they run into in different areas." explained Neptune. Somehow, Neptune still has a time for her own children, who she says are helpful and understanding with other young persons. Neptune has scheduled record hops and parties at her home, but has also gone beyond her living room. She has discussed matters with an area high school principal, and has had as many as ten young persons living at her home at once, “ on a full time basis." Neptune said, “ I’ there when they m need me, and I’ll be there at any time of day or night, if they need me in any way at all, all they have to do is come over or call me up." Neptune believes that in many ways teenagers are young adults, and should be treated as such. She goes to them for advice, and shares responsibility with them, she said. "K ids get sick and tired of being told what to do,” Neptune said. " It ’s about time people realized that (young people) do nave their own minds, even though they are only 14 or 15. As far as I’m concerned they have a lot o f knowledge,” she said. But Neptune feels that growing up is a "confu sing" process, and cannot always be figured out without help. Newsletter has important role Indian Island priest eases into new post By Bill O’Neal INDIAN ISLAND — The Rev. David P. Cote, the new priest at St. Ann’ parish, s Indian Island, says he does not like to rush into things. In a recent interview he said he did not want to ‘ barge into the affairs” of people ‘ on the Island, but would prefer to let them get acquainted with him gradually. Cote said, “I don’ want to go around putting t my nose where it doesn’ belong.” t Cote said he was suspicious of program s where people rush in without facts “trying to save the world.” He said he would prefer to take a long look at the needs of the community, rather than immediately offering suggestions. “The community has its own resources, and, if they need my services, they will ask me.” Cote said. Cote’ position on the Island is part-time, s the majority of his efforts being devoted to a statewide study of treatment procedures for children with various behavioral problems. When he took his position as priest for the Island, he said he m ade it clear that he would not be able to devote his full attentions to the Island. “My Diocesan priorities are the reservation, but my personal priority will be on the other project (the group home and residential treatment study),” he said. Although much of his time will be spent on the other project, he pointed out that a priest does not have a nine to five job, and that he would be available any time to the Indian Island parish. “Because of the other commitments, my major emphasis will be working with individuals, rather than being programoriented,” he said. He added that the church’ $10,000 annual budget does not s allow much leeway for expenses outside of basic maintenance and operating costs. His own salary will be paid during the period of his work on the study project (about 7 months) by the consultants involved rather than by the church. Pointing to the spacious living room of the parish house, Cote said he felt that the church might eventually put the building to better use. “To have a nine room building for one person does not make sense.” Although he cautioned that no such plans exist now, he suggested that som e day the house might be put to a m ore utilitarian purpose, such as a home for foster children or senior citizens of the Island. Although Cote said he has advanced training in social services, because of his obligations, his activities for the present will center around perform ing Masses, m a rria ges, and o fferin g spiritu al guidance. In this regard he said he found “no rivalry” between Indian traditional religious beliefs and Christianity. He said that traditional ideas of “one great spirit” are “headed in the right direction.” Cote said he had been able to assume his new role on the Island without difficulty. He attributed this in part to his having spent a summ er here ten years ago, so that many people on the Island knew him when he arrived. Indian first on varsity team CALAIS — P a trick Sabattus, a sophomore at Calais High School, last season becam e the first Passamaquoddy Indian here to make the varsity basketball team. Sabattus, from Indian Township, was unable to play after D ecem ber because of an accident, but he has since recovered and is w elcom e to rejoin the team. Bob Gates, varsity coach at Calais High, said Sabattus played half the season and “ showed improvement. I ’ be glad to have d him back. I’ looking forward to having m him on the team the next two years,” he said. Gates said it’ im pressive ' that a s sophom ore could qualify for the varsity level team. Also from Indian Township are Calais High va rsity ch ee rlea d ers Tam m y Neptune and Dolores Nicholas. Neptune said the drugs and alcohol are not the big problems, but the real issue is "trying to find yourself, and where you belong." Neptune says " I love children, and I wouldn’ care if 1 had 10, 12 or 15 in my t home. That’s why I allow these children to come to my home any time they feel like it." About the planned jukebox. Neptune said, "hopefully I can get myself a sound proof room so 1 won't have to leave the house to do my studies." Neptune said young people will set the house rules themselves, and deal with drinking or other problems through group discussion and consensus. She hopes to see the cellar youth center open as soon as possible. Sylvia Sopiel AAI teenagers tour UMO HOULTON — Seven Indian high school students from the Houlton area travelled to the University of Maine at Orono recently for a one-day orientation visit, designed to give them a taste of college level education. Included in the tour were Anthony Tomah, Wanda Tomah, Brenda Devoe, and Ronnie Silliboy from Houlton, Eugene Saunders and Donna MacNeal of Caribou, and Roger Pictou from Mars Hill. One of the students, Donna MacNeal, has applied for admission to the University under the Onward Bound Program, which assists students in adapting to the college environ ment and offers tutorial help in their studies. The group was led by James Dow of Caribou and Betty Ann Burnes from Houlton. Burnes said the trip was also made last year and hoped it would b e an annual event. Theodore N. Mitchell, advisor for Indian students at the University, coordinated the schedule and appointed guides to show the teenagers university dormatories, labora tories, cafeterias and classrooms. Patty Sherwood, Betty Phillips, and Stuart Francis, Indian students at the university, acted as tour guides for the visitors. By Bill O ’Neal INDIAN TOWNSHIP — What news source deals solely with Indian news, is avidly read in Indian Township, and has an Indian name? If you guessed Wabanaki Alliance, thank you, but Mawiw Kilun, the official news letter of Indian Township, is the answer. Editor Sylvia Sopiel explained that Mawiw Kilun means "u s together” and that she emphasized this community spirit in the newsletter. She is particularly fond of what she calls her “ gossip column,” Beating the Drums. She said she has a network o f "special phone numbers” where she can pick up bits of news which m ight be of interest to the residents of the Township. Township tribal governor John Stevens has suggested on occasion that she rename the column "Beating the Gums.” Unflustered by such joking, Sopiel main tained that a close-knit community such as the Township enjoys reading about the activities o f its residents. She added that the newsletter also serves as a vehicle for announcements important to the com munity. She said she even writes poetry for the newsletter when she runs short on news. Mawiw Kilun just celebrated its first anniversary. Sopiel, a VISTA volunteer, began the newsletter at the suggestion of Governor Stevens. It now has a circulation of around 110. Although the newsletter normally is distributed every two weeks, bad weather has interrupted regular distribution re cently. Sopiel said she will soon begin issuing the newsletter every week. Al though it will be briefer, she said the news will be more timely. Another change in the paper will be the addition of a crossword puzzle for which the clues will be given in Passamaquoddy, with the answers to be written in English. Novelty seem s to be the watchword of the newsletter. When waste collectors, Basil LaCoote and Edward Sockabasin, make their appointed rounds on publishing days, they do more than collect the trash; they also act as newsboys, dropping off copies of Mawiw Kilun. �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance April 1978 Tribal leader blasts politicians ORONO — Passamaquoddy tribal Gov. John Stevens said he is “fed up” with the tack Maine politicians have taken on the Indian land claim s case. Speaking at a public m eeting with fellow Indian Tow nship tribesm an Wayne Newell, Stevens said, “We are about to the point of being fed up with (Gov.) Jim Longley and (Atty. Gen.) Joe Brennan.” Stevens said at the recent University of M aine m eetin g that the G o v ern or’ s statements calling a proposed settlement u nreasonable are absurd. “ L on gley pleaded with us to give up the part o f the suit against private landholders. We have made that provision; that’ one third of s our land base w e’ set aside,” Stevens ve said. Originally, Indians claim ed two thirds of the state. Stevens also had a m essage for Maine’ s Second District Congressman, William S. Cohen: “Now our great white hope. Rep. Cohen from Bangor, wants to terminate our right to make a claim. I think that’ s setting a dangerous precedent.” Stevens said he once voted for Cohen, and “admired the man. But by God I ’ not m going to vote for him this time around” he said. “You read the paper every day, and people are trying to intimidate us, but that day is gone.” Stevens said. “Those days are gone by.” Stevens said Indians don’ want to be t dependent on welfare. “The less we rely on the state and federal government — I think it’ beautiful,” he said. s Newell, director of social services for Gov. John Stevens the tribe, said politicians have, “instead of settling honorably,” been “ trying to do away with our claim entirely. “For us it has been a struggle for 200 years just to obtain som e basic dignities that (non-Indians) take for granted,” Newell said. He said it was not until 1 967 that Maine Indians received a full franchise to vote. “The agreement that we worked out in Washington took a long time,” said Act would clarify tribal jurisdiction Newell, adding “the Governor hollered he was left out of negotiations, but if you W A S H IN G T O N — Sen . Jam es remember, last July he was the one who said he wanted to see the case in court.” A bourezk (D.-S.D.) has introdu ced legislation to permit states and tribes to What if the case goes to court? “ If the rules don’ change, if we get a work out jurisdictional and operational t fair deal in court, at least we have a disputes on a state-by-state basis, rather than following rigid federal laws. chance of winning," Newell said. The Tribal-State C om p act Act is Stevens said, “w e’ going to win it.” re An earlier recomm ended settlement of designed to free tribes and states to pursue Penobscot-Passamaquoddy claim s would individual solutions to questions of state have involved state-owned lands, but the authority in Indian country, unbound by current White House proposal applies only general federal mandates. Abourezk said to privately-held acreage. The two Indian he believed the com pact legislation could tribes have agreed to drop claim s against so lv e m any ju risd ictio n a l prob lem s all private landholders except those caused by the current inflexible federal policy that prevents tribes and local owning 50,000 acres or more. That means 1 corporations have been governments from cooperating, even when 4 s asked to turn over varying amounts of it’ in their best interests. “There have been scores of cases in acreage under terms of the out-of-court recent years, regarding everything from proposed settlement for 500,000 acres plus $50 million. The president of one of those zoning to sale of alcohol on reservations, firm s, R obert H ellen dale o f G reat which could not be satisfactorily resolved Northern Paper Co., called the proposal a because of federal jurisdictional policies,” “raw deal” . Great Northern would turn Abourezk said. Abourezk added that the bill also would over the largest amount of land: 99,000 acres from their one million acre holdings. provide that the federal government would Stevens commented, “When Great bear the additional financial co sts Northern passes off this junk, and people assumed by any state or local government believe it, then I wonder at this society.” under a com pact with an Indian tribe. The program, called “Indian land claim s: The real story,’ was sponsored jointly by Maine Christian Association, the Newman Center, Maine Peace Action Committee and Sam Ely Community Land Trust. PORTLAND — Central Maine Indian Earlier that day, Newell and Stevens Association officials hope to open a fulld iscu sse d “ la n gu a ge and cultural service office here by May 1 . survival” at the university. A Portland office has been in planning stages for several months, and CMIA D irec tor M ichael R an co said the association now has sufficient funding for three staff positions plus office rental at a permanent location. drew Violette to the organization, she said. CMIA w ill be o fferin g co m p lete She had first read about AA in the Saturday Evening Post. Then one day she weatherization, food, nutrition, clothing ran into her nephew who was “all dressed and related services to southern Maine up". She said she asked him where he was Indians where previously only limited going. When he told her he was going to an services were provided through workers AA meeting, she asked to go along, from the Orono office. The office will also replace services of because “ I was curious,” she said. “Never before had I felt so much at Southern Maine Indian Association, a home. Everyone w elcom ed m e and asked group which was dissolved last year. Ranco said he hopes to hire an Indian me to com e back,” she said. After she had gone to two m ore meetings, Clarence staff residing in the Portland area to becam e interested and starrted attending. “ in cre a se com m u n ica tion and Indian Clarence said he and Violette had tried participation” in CMIA programs. F ed era l CETA (C om prehensive to stop drinking before AA. They had tried a “geographic cure” by moving to several Employment and Training Act) funds will different states, but each time they started pay the staff salaries of a coordinator, drinking again. He said “We failed, so we community worker and a secretary. cam e back (to Indian Island) to face the A dm inistration o f N ative A m ericans, formerly Office of Native American problem ” Violette isn’ sure how AA works; she Programs, has awarded CMIA a grant to t only knows that for Clarence and her it has cover operating expenses. The Portland CMIA office won official given them a “ a second chance at life.” “Something about it was fascinating,” she approval from CMIA membership at an said. “To this day I can’ put m y finger on em ergency m eeting in March. Until the t it. I know it is a spiritual program, a God- Portland office is established, possibly at a tem p ora ry location, all re q u e sts for given program.” in form ation or s e r v ic e s should be addressed to CMIA, 95 Main St., Orono. Indian office set for southern Maine AA chapter celebrates 17th birthday INDIAN ISLAND — Saint P a trick ’ s Day is usually associated with the wearing of green and lots of drinks, but it’ s different for a group of Indian Island residents in a local chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous. Still, it is a time of celebration for them, as Mar. 1 marks the day the Island 7 chapter was founded 1 years ago. 7 Violette and C laren ce F ran cis remember that as a lonely time. Two years earlier (in 1959) they had begun holding “ u n d ercov er” m ee tin gs at Violette's b roth er’ house. She said s “ Indian Island was the worst place to stop (drinking), because of the criticism, ridicule, and persecution from those who hadn’ stopped.” t They soon moved to the local Baptist church; however, as m ore mem bers joined, they had to leave when the church officials “complained about the smoking.” By the time they moved into their next meeting place, the old tribal hall, thennumber had grown to around seven. It was at this point in 1961 that they becam e officially recognized as an affiliate of the Bangor district of Alcoholics Anonymous. For the Francis’ those lonely days are over. The Island capter now has 2 0 members, plus numerous visitors from other chapters who com e to share their ex p erien ces. At the recen t 17th anniversary celebration over 200 people cam e from across the state. A majority of those at the party were non-Indian. Violette said there is no awkwardness between Island members and their non-Indian visitors. She explained that alcoholics have had the veneer of class and race stripped from them and can relate to all other alcoholics on an equal level. Violette said she has no qualms about letting it be known she is an alcoholic. “ I didn’ care who knew it when I was t staggering around drunk. Why should I care now,” she said. The recent get together was begun with three or four speakers relating the stories of how they cam e to AA. As usual only first names were given. The fellowship which follows meetings is a m ajor strength of AA and was what first Sockabasin sentenced State jurisdiction on reservation challenged ELLSW ORTH — The sen ten ce of convicted arsonist Allen J. Sockabasin, 3 , 4 of Indian Township, has been appealed on grounds that the state does not have ju risd iction on the P assam aqu odd y reservation. Eugene Ford of Bangor, filed the appeal on behalf of Sockabasin, at the superior court. Ford is Sockabasin’ courts appointed lawyer. Sockabasin was sentenced recently to three years at Maine State Prison, after a jury trial, at Hancock County Superior Court. He was convicted earlier of arson at the Indian Township elementary school, Apr. 1 , 1 6 977. Superior Court Judge David G. Roberts of Bangor, sitting at the Machias Court, said that a similar attempt to establish a ju risd iction al distin ction for Indians fifteen years ago failed. At that time the Maine tribes were not federally recognized and did not have a trustee relationship with the federal government. If the appeal is upheld, Indians committing crim es on reservation lands would not be subject to state prosecution, but rather would be tried in Federal courts. The cases would be investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The jurisdictional question does not apply to non-Indians committing crim es on the reservation or to crim es committed off the reservation by Indians. In a related case, Lawyer John A. Churchill of Calais, in an interview last month at Washington County superior courthouse on the day his Indian client was sentenced, said he was considering filing an appeal to test Maine’ jurisdiction at s Indian Township reservation, where the arson offenses w ere alleged. Churchill said he would probably file a motion for arrest of judgment in the case of Albert C. Dana, 1 , of Indian Township, 9 convicted of arson, and sentenced by Judge Roberts to a three year prison term. all but 60 days of which were suspended, plus two years probation. Churchill said he is interested in Indian defen se work, although he d o e sn ’t specialize in it. He said he considered Roberts fair and objective in considering cases involving Indians. Roberts said juries for the trials of Sockabasin and Dana were carefully screened. “We spent an extra three quarters of a day,” he said, adding, “each juror was questioned. . .as to their views of Indians” and the land claim s case. In a related story, Indian Courts Newsletter, of Washington, D.C., reports that “one of the resulting side effects” of the P en obscot-P assam aq u odd y Indian claim s was the recent federal recognition of the tribes, giving Maine Indians “a feasible means for developing their own court system .” The newsletter reported that PenobscotPassam aquoddy tribal planning board d ire cto r Andrew X. Akins sought assistance from National American Indian Court Judges Association to develop plans for “tribal court system s.” The report said the Maine tribes “want their own criminal jurisdiction to be administered by their own reservation police force with jurisdiction for all violations on the reservation, both Indian and non-Indian. “The tribes plan to have temporary holding cells on the reservation for confinement of one or two weeks, but would want to be able to use outside jail facilities for longer term commitment. The tribes also want to be able to provide for alternatives to incarceration or fine, such as restitution, work for the tribe, etc.,” the newsletter report said. Akins has been invited to attend a training session on Indian law and order, in Utah, April 26-28. The Indian court judges association has offered air fare. �Wabanaki Alliance April 1978 Page 7 Rhynard cites prescription drug abuserblames doctors By Bill O ’ Neal CALAIS — The State Department of Indian Affairs has tightened controls on d isp en sin g o f p r escrip tio n d ru g s to Indians in the wake of reported drug abuse on two Passam aquoddy reservations. C harles Rhynard, Indian A ffairs commissioner, has held several meetings with local doctors, hospital workers and the tribal governors from Indian Township and Pleasant Point to discuss ways to curtail the problem. According to Rhynard, certain persons on the reservations have been getting dru g p r escrip tio n s fille d by several doctors on the sam e day, or have visited one doctor several times - in quick succession. Rhynard said he feels som e of the doctors have been lax in guarding against drug abuse, either because they were too busy to monitor their prescriptions or b e ca u se they w ere p e stere d into prescribing the drugs “just to get rid of the person.” “There have been one or two doctors who have been a little lax. If they change their way of living, I won’ hit them with a t medical review board,” he said. He warned that he “will not hesitate to turn a doctor in.” Rhynard said that doctors expressed concern at the first meeting, but that they are now aware of the problem and he expected a decline in drug abuse. Rhynard said he will use several approaches to curb the drug problem. “I will not allow payment for refills, and I will not pay for control drugs without prior authorization,”he said. He added that a list of people who seem to be abusing drugs will be distributed to area doctors hospitals, and drug stores. He estimated that no m ore than twenty Indians were involved in the abuse. The drug situation was brought to the attention of state officials through several sources. A Calais physician, Dr. Ronald H eatherington, n oticed the la rg e frequency of office visits certain mem bers of the reservation were making. After the problem becam e apparent to him, he wrote a three-page letter to Gov. Jam es B. Longley expressing his concern. Longley then asked Rhynard to work with Heatherington. Heatherington said he has since received several threatening phone calls and has had shots fired at his home. Rhynard was also alerted by the state Indian agent for the two Passamaquoddy reservations, Virge Johnson, in charge of processing payment for prescriptions purchased by Indians. When she noticed an unusually large number of drug prescriptions being filled, she notified Rhynard. She said that the main drugs being used are Valium, Carbital, and Librium. The actions taken so far seem to have had a good effect, according to Johnson. The in cid e n ce of unw arranted prescriptions is “ slowing down a bit” she said. She attributed the change largely to m eetings held with medical people in Calais. She also said that the financial restrictions placed on obtaining drugs have helped. “If the drug is not absolutely necessary we (the state) won’ pay for it” t she stated. Church urges "just* settlement of claims Township to raze 21 substandard homes INDIAN TOW NSHIP — The Passamaquoddy tribal housing authority here has received a $400,000 federal grant to raze a total of 2 houses termed 1 PORTLAND — The 2 m em ber Priests’ could lead to additional embarrassment 1 substandard and beyond repair. Senate of the Roman Catholic Diocese of and pain for our state. The 2 homes are located at Peter Dana 1 Portland voted to approve a resolution Whereas the people of God wish to bring Point on Long Lake, part of the stating a position on the Indian land claim s about reco n cilia tio n betw een all the reservation. The structures are mostly case. m em bers of God’ family, s government projects dating back to WPA Presented by the Rev. Jam es F. Crozier Be it resolved that the Priests’ Senate of houses built in the 1930’ s. of St. Mary’ Church in Orono, the text of the D iocese of Portland go on record in s Sylvia Sopiel, ed ito r of a the resolution reads as follows: urging an immediate, just, and equitable Passamaquoddy community newsletter settlement between all parties involved in W hereas in ju stice s have been the Indian land claim s case now pending. and occupant of one of the WPA houses to be torn down, said the homes will be perpetuated against the Native Americans Father John Keegan, a m em ber of the demolished to make room for new housing. of the state of Maine in the past, Priests’ Senate, said the resolution was Whereas the sacred com mitm ent of this “pretty much supported by the body (the Demolition and new construction will both country, as set forth in the federal Non- Senate).” He said the resolution will be be funded through the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). intercourse Act, has not been honored, presented to Bishop Edward C. O’ Leary Whereas continued public litigation this month. Great Northern boss indicates he would consider modified offer ORONO — The p resid en t ot Great Northern Paper Co. says he would go to court over the current proposed settlement of Maine Indian land claims, but he indicated he would consider a different offer to resolve the claims. “We would litigate if all that was in question was what’ been presented” said s R obert H ellendale, GNP presid en t attending a recen t bu sin ess lead ers conference at University of Maine. Hellendale refused to speculate on “the hypothetical question” of a different offer, but he did say an out-of-court settlement of Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claim s is “obviously in the best interest of the people.” The current proposal to resolve claim s would involve a sum of federal money, plus 500,000 acres to be taken from 1 large 4 landholders in Maine, including close to 100,000 acres from Great Northern, largest pulp and paper firm in the state, with holdings of m ore than one million acres. Great Northern would receive a small federal compensation for giving up lands. Hellendale said he favors a cash Hellendale said he thinks “ private land which has been held for over 100 years should not be part of the settlement.” Great Northern was organized in Bangor in 1 897. Hellendale said com pany lawyers have researched title to GNP holdings. Hellendale said he questions a report by Indians that Maine’ economy, and Great s Northern, would benefit from increased jobs and an influx of dollars. At least in terms of timber harvesting, “we try to manage our land for sustained yield,” he said. Hellendale said he did not know how Indians cou ld im p ro v e on G reat Northern’ practices. s Hellendale said he supports the Gov. Jam es B. Longley’ position opposing the s claims, and he disagrees “with som e of the statements of (Indians’ lawyer) Tom Tureen. “I would like to see the threat against e v e ry b o d y ’ s p rop erty re m o v ed ,” Robert Hellendale Hellendale said. A native of New York settlement of the claim s not involving any City, Hellendale’ office is at Great s land, and he said “ it’ the federal Northern’ corporate headquarters in s s government’ responsibility to dispose of Stamford, Ct. His daughter Missy, is a s the Indians’ claim s.” student at University of Maine at Orono. The demolition phase of the project was expected to begin immediately. Roger Gabriel, administrative assistant for the tribe, is in charge of acquisition and demolition, and will assist in relocating residents. Temporary living quarters m ay be rented by the tribe, Sopiel said, adding that “the cost to the individuals and families to be moved will be zero.” Sopiel explained that “ the primary purpose of the redevelopment program is to provide space for new housing in an area where 100 per cent of the housing is below current housing stan dard s.” Residents of Peter Dana Point are invited to visit the tribal government office for further information, she said. Conservation jobs Die Young Adult Conservation Corps (YACC) located at Indian Island are now accepting enrollee applications. Enrollee Eligibility I- Membership in the YACC is open to all candidates who, at the time of enroll ment are: a. Unemployed b. Between the ages o f Sixteen to Twenty-three inclusive: (male or female) c. Capable of carrying out the work of the YACC for the estimated dura tion of their enrollment. Each individual shall provide a record of a physical examination before enrollment. Cost o f physical must be borne by the applicant. 2. Individuals who at the time of en rollment have attained age 16 but have not attained age 19 and who have left school shall not be admitted to the pro gram unless they give adequate assur ances that they did not leave school for the purpose o f enrolling in the YACC. For further information contact the YACC director, Richard Hamilton, by telephone, 827-7776, or by writing to YACC program director Box 503, Old Town, ME 04468. �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance April 1978 Herbal medicine and psychic healing Because we have acquired a sweet tooth, Everyone in the Indian community native people by drugs, like alcohol, and industrial residue that pollu te fishing, knows som e m edicine because it was a Npsiun tastes bitter, but our ancestors did. part of living. Many plants serve the dual not need sweetening. Neither w ere spoons Npisun is a term describing the art and hunting and m edicine lands, a number of science of herbal m edicine and psychic native people have turned to their purpose of being both nutritional and or cups necessary; measurements were m ade intuitively. A sprinkle here, a dash healing practiced by the first people of this traditions for alternatives to promoting medicinal. Medicine people did not have the there. and m aintaining go o d health for land who call themselves Wabanaki Our elders are an important source of freedom, energy nor time to keep pace them selves and their families. People of the Dawn. with new illnesses brought over by early information regarding Npisun. Because Treatment and cure of diseases can rely settlers. Sex, for example, once regarded they h ave alrea d y en du red m uch solely on the natural resources in a given as normal, pleasurable and even spiritual exploitation, they should be rewarded for area; d ire ctly o p p osite to W estern Natural healing medicine that is based on chemicals, That the healing profession is strictly now was degraded because venereal their wisdom and knowledge in som e 6 drugs, surgery, institutionalization and controlled by the government, with rigid diseases, form erly unknown to native way...111 Indian way. A new cycle technology. Both types offer several p o lic ie s regu latin g m ed ica l licen se people in spite of their liberal m arriage A new cycle has begun. Soon after the laws. acceptable alternatives to present day requirements, indicates a need for much The com bined efforts of church and state m elting snow moon, light com es to wake therapeutic procedures. study and research if we are to integrate natural healing techniques into daily m ade gonorrhea and syphilis both a crim e up the earth and hibernating plants. The Ancient traditions living. As late as 1935, night-time arrests and a sin, and this attitude spread across sun provides the added warmth and energy that will grow plants to serve as In the treatment of mental discorders, at hom es on reservations w ere frequent, reservations. Medicine people never did get into medicine. Animals will be eating this new native psychiatry deals with breaking and m edicine pouches, ceremonial masks taboos, violating natural laws and social and rattles confiscated as evidence were dispersal of drugs nor did they perform growth and will provide material for custom s. Treatm ent proced u res are turned o v er to an th ropologists and surgery because the doors to higher rattles, whistles and drums to be used in conducted in the universal language of m useums for various purposes. It was learning and advanced technology were healing ceremonies. closed to all minorities; therefore, the Now is a good tim e to think of planting symbols that only native people seem to because of legal threats that medicine accept and understand, because they people, and elders went underground m edical profession becam e a monopoly. an herb garden as many of the marshes are polluted. Herbs are annuals and relate to certain principles of living taking many of their healing skills to the require minimum care and weeding. They Preparation and usage underlying ancient traditions. grave. Npisun becam e the forbidden art. Methods of gathering and harvesting of can be started now. People who w ere at one time in touch While certain laws did check quackery The knowledge of Npisun is available to with the rhythm of their bodies have been and fraudulant cures, in som e instances raw m aterials for Npisun, its preparation and use is a skill that is passed down anyone who takes time and energy to find edu cated to be lie v e otherw ise, they also violated aboriginal sovereignty. Consequently, many are ashamed of their Freedom to choose who and what to orally. C ertain taboos v iola te s o cia l and use it. In order to be accepted by the bodies and its functions while believing believe in was taken away.lt was this customs and need explaining by spiritual public, m edicine people must be able to back up claim s with scientific proof. Npisun to be occult m agic and socially transfer of trust, whether imposed or native leaders. unacceptable. voluntary, from m ed icin e person to With the changing of beliefs cam e western physician, herbal to chemical, ch an ges in beh avior patterns. The etc., that hastened the near extinction of discovery of germ s and viruses m ade it the art of natural healing methods. The weaker sex almost foolish to explain terms like evil The term ‘ edicine man’ is a stero-type m spirits, Ginaps and Boowins for fear of being labeled a witch doctor doing works of a traditional m edicine person. When the reservation system replaced the clan of the devil. In the 1600’ social contact with early system, the clan m other’ role as healer s s settlers caused further changes and native and keeper of medicines disappeared and people started wearing copper wrist bands native women becam e the weaker sex. for arthritis instead of wearing knotty Within the hierarchial structure of the wood amulets around the neck, among traditional healing profession, the most other things. F inally a complete highly regarded is the Ginap and then turnabout occurred and today we find Boowin. Indians usin g d ru gs like aspirin. Furthermore, the chasing away of evil spirits by m edicine people was replaced by the confessional technique of washing away sins, through the missionaries. Youth shun medicine Also, younger generations did not aspire to learn traditional m edical techniques. Degrade not the tradition from time immemorial. However, with the passing of a human On one fourth, the birthday of America, When what was done was for a purpose. rights bill and aboriginal land claim s I chanced to watch a show cam e the rebirth of freedom to be what you within a circle: Our culture pass to children young want to be. People began searching out a deep wide circle of curious people Until our last chant’ been sung. s their roots and refused to allow historians The sound of drum so plaintive sound to define them. The dance in circle quickly disperses And because of devastating effects on The beat of m occasin on the ground When done for own; no one rehearses. Led m e on to see where cam e this You dance the way you think and feel sweet moving sound of mystery. Among your own you really feel In days long past, hidden in my memory, -light in heart-elated in mind-nourished in soul this sam e ceromony held meaning to me. By Isabelle Knockwood Toney Encircled Nutrition Notes By Natalie S. Mitchell Vitamin B12, one of the many ‘ ’ B vitamins, is controversal. This vitamin is required for normal production of red and white blood cells within the bone marrow, building of proteins, and normal nerve reactions. A protein substance called ‘ intrinsic factor’ is produced in the stomach and this must be present for the absorption of B12 by the small intestine. Food sources of B12 are milk, cheese, eggs, fish, meats, and poultry. Very little B12 is needed on a daily basis. Although it is very rare, B12 deficiency is m ost often caused by the absence o f the intrinsic factor in the stomach and not by a dietary deficiency. Symptoms include a sore tongue, anorexia (poor appetite), poor coordination, altered mental processes, and m a cr o cy tic anem ia w ith la r g e immature red blood cells. Daily requirements of B12 vary with age. However, a low intake of animal products will m eet daily needs. Only in rare circu m sta n ces, p rim a rily with ch ron ic gastroin testin al d isorders, is supplemental B12 (by mouth or injection) really necessary. And to m y mother and my father Like so their parents before the circle. While invisible bond of kinship formed Among your own and other Tribes. My heart and soul ached to view. How the years have changed to all, but few. No applause is needed if you please. Please excuse m y white man’ deeds. s I saw the brown-skinned bodies dance and sway. For time has embellished by m y rote All I ’ leamed-not by Indian wrote. ve Among people who would marvel and would say, Explore the ways to teach the young How each hymn and chant is sung. “This celebration was worth the effort” While m y people dance like puppets A generation of our own making is in the fore Let all go to them to intercede To elicit applause and sigh of approval. When what they do-is their removal of meaning gesture, m otive and value which is meshed in m e and you. -for our children who cannot speak the sweet m elodic tongue of ours. Oh, Passamquoddies, look at me, and tell m e you do not hate to see This dancing within a circle of the white-skinned race. Has been the decline of your own race? Oh dance, yes dance, please do But am ong those who are like you. Dispel all else which foreign makes E m brace that which lets us at our pace -to seek the truth of our heritage -to instill in child like a vintage Which will grow and expand to growth For only in our children is our hope. Wind Flower Passam aquoddy Pleasant Point �Wabanaki Alliance April 1978 Page 9 Student works on Passamaquoddy dictionary INDIAN TOWNSHIP — A 25-year-old linguistics student at MIT in Cambridge, Ma., is working at the Passamaquoddy Indian reservation here, putting together what m ay be the first dictionary of the native language. Philip LeSourd, working toward a doctoral degree, has stu died the Passamaquoddy language the past three years, and now has about 4,000 entries on index cards. He exp lain ed that Passamaquoddy has 17 phonemes (groups of sounds), a 1 letter alphabet and an 7 apostrophe, plus only three or four irregular verbs. “This is really a crucial period for the language program here, because if they don’ do something, they’ go the way of t ll Indian Islan d (where the P en obscot la n gu a ge h as alm ost disa p p ea red ),” LeSourd said. But the language is mostly m ade of verbs, and whole sentences can be strung together as a single word, LeSourd said. LeSourd said Passamaquoddy is wholly different from English; “there are hardly any sounds in Passam aquoddy that are ju st lik e E n glish sou n ds.” Passamaquoddy, almost exactly the same as another Maine Indian tribe’ language, s Maliseet, was a m ajor language of the Wabanaki (Wabanaki means people of the dawn). Wabanaki, in turn, was part of the Algonquian language group of the northeast, “one of the largest language groups of the continent,” LeSourd said. Passamaquoddy persons over 40 years of age learned their native language first, and English as a second language, LeSourd said, adding that “the m ajority of adults h ere speak P a ssam aqu odd y regularly.” But for younger people to learn Passam aquoddy has becom e very difficult, partly because of the effects of watching English television, and because until re cen tly the C atholic-affiliated sch o ols w ere o p p ose d to teach in g Passamaquoddy. That situation has changed, and the Indian Township elementary school now o ffe rs * p u p ils daily lesso n s in Passam aquoddy language. L eSourd has been w ork in g on Passam aquoddy language sound system s and word formations, the subject of his doctoral dissertation. He is aided by a grant from National Science Foundation. A native of South Burlington, Vt., LeSourd has been staying at the home of fo rm er tribal go v ern or Allen J. Sockabasin. He plans to leave Indian Township this summer, but wants to keep in touch with persons at the reservation. Philip LeSourd BIA said to hinder tribal self-determination By Bill O ’Neal WASHINGTON — Sen. James Abourezk authority to the tribes.” Shank said, (D.-S.D.) has accused the Bureau of Indian adding that in some cases, “ regulations Affairs of blocking Indian self-determina became so complex for very small contracts that it discouraged tribes from contract tion efforts. According to an Abourezk news release, ing.” Under the Self-determination Act, BIA “ Congress passed the Indian Self-deter mination and Education ,Assistance Act may contract with the tribes allowing them with the clear intent of giving Indian to administer BIA funds and their own people effective and meaningful partici services. In the past BIA has managed pation in the planning and administration monies and services for Indians. BIA may allocate additional money for of the various Federal programs which directly affect their lives, particularly those “ indirect and support costs.” Abourezk charges that BIA has been programs administered by the BIA and negligent in obtaining adequate funding Indian Health Service.” “ Through a combination of factors,” from Congress to cover these indirect costs. He said “ Tribal officials tell me that Abourezk continued, “ control has been re tained by the Federal agencies, which by the failure of the BIA to request an and large have incorporated their own adequate budget to fund overhead costs priorities and policies into their contracts and other support costs associated with with the tribes, rather than allowing tribes tribal contracts has resulted in many tribes being forced to terminate their contracts or to make their own decisions." An Abourezk aide, Phillip Shank, severely cut back services, including law blasted BIA inaction as “ a bold, flagrant enforcement and education programs." Shank said that such “ shortfalls .frus violation of Congress.” Shank suggested this was a case of bureaucrats protecting trate attempts of the tribes to take over their jobs. Although not official BIA policy, administrative control.” Abourezk further claims that “ The BIA Shank said that “ Out o f self-interest, sub version of the intent of Congress is in has not provided the tribes with the needed money because the BIA itself has retained order.” Abourezk, chairman of the Indian Affairs the funds needed for the indirect and support costs associated with the tribal Committee, said he has “ received repeat ed complaints from the tribes throughout contracts and has not properly presented the country that cooperation is badly its appropriations to Congress.” lacking at the area level. Indications are BIA has also com e under attack from the that the area BIA officials actually are Government Accounting Office which has accused it of cutting back services to obstructing the implementation of (self-de Indians rather than trimming its own termination) policies.” “ People at all sorts of levels can do all administrative costs. sorts of things” to impede transfer of Shanks said that after a demand by The Rev. Joseph Laughlin, a Jesuit who recently took over the parish duties at St. Anne’ Church, Indian Township, visits with young Passamaquoddy friend Leslie s Nicholas. (O’ Neal Photo) Ass't. Secretary for Indian Affairs Congress that BIA cut S4 million from its 1977 budget. BIA juggled accounts so that Forrest J. Gerard has applied to Congress programs instead of staff were reduced. A for a supplemental appropriation of $10 similar Congressional mandate this year m illion to cover the deficit; however. led BIA to redefine its computer services, Shank said this is too late, since the Appro so that no budget cutbacks actually priations Committee is not considering such extensions until May or June. Mean occurred, according to Shank. A spokesman for BIA denied allegations while, he said, the tribes are being forced that the agency had failed to comply with to terminate contracts or use contract money not allocated for indirect expenses. Congressional requests for budget cut Earlier this year Abourezk introduced backs and said the reason BIA failed to get full funding for contracts is that “ Congress legislation designed to correct some of the didn't believe BIA” needed the money it problems of implementing the Self-deter mination Act. Shank said the new legis requested. Shank said that BIA allegedly negotiated lation is “multi-year, comprehensive and with Congress for “ less than half' of the streamlined.” With newly— won Federal recognition indirect cost funds agreed under contract with the tribes and then dispersed those status the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot monies slowly. “ We have a crisis," he tribes are now' subject to BIA contracting regulations and policies. said. Newell offers university Indian version of fireside chat ORONO — Wayne Newell, a Passam aquoddy Indian, tried to “ put the Indian side of the land claim s into perspective” at a recent gathering of University of Maine students and faculty. In what he called “ the Indian version of a fireside chat” Newell described the changes he has seen in the wake of the land claim s suit and as non-Indian culture creeps onto the reservations. ‘"Die older people are very worried about what will happen to us in the em ergence of all this publicity (about the land claims). They are worried that in the quest for self-determination, we will lay aside those things that m ake us strong as a people. They are worried that we are now relying m ore on written law than spoken law.” Newell acknowledged that there are many pitfalls that com e with selfdetermination. He observed that “As m ore Indians becom e affluent, m ore are dying of alcoholism.” He told the gathering that 98 percent of the deaths at Indian Township are directly or indirectly related to alcohol. “Only 1 people (at Indian Township) 4 are over 60; over half the people are under 2 Our emphasis is on our youngsters 0. that’ all we have.” s Newell than asked rhetorically why better living conditions brought increased alcoh olism and su icide, “ why with increased housing we experienced an increase in divorce.” The answer, Newell said, is that the Indians “laid aside a strong sense of spiritualism.” “The most tragic thing is that we did not realize how many values we put down. We did not put a control factor to monitor these changes,” he said. Newell said problem s of change will not be solved “just by fixing houses, or through enterprise; not just by political opportunity.” “What has all this to do with land cla im s,” N ew ell asked. “ A fter the immediate publicity is over, w e still have to struggle with these changes, with selfdetermination.” Newell m oved his discussion more directly to the e land claim s with a brief history of the claim s before opening the floor for questions. He said the state of Maine is still trying to make people panic at the Indian land claims and he called Jam es B. Longlev’ aDDroach “ similar to s Joseph McCarthy.” He said that “people are ready to shoot us” and that state officials “are not addressing the rational issues.” He denied DaDer company claims that mill workers would lose jobs if a proposed claim s settlement is accepted. He cited a prospectus prepared for Indians that predicts that 6,000 jobs would be created by the proposed settlement. Newell also warned that if the state and 1 4 paper companies named in the settlement plan decide to go to court, “the case will take 20 years” and put a cloud on all the property involved. On the other hand, he said with the settlement “we could make a life of our own with no handouts. Right now w e’ re living from grant to grant.” Many of the questions from the audience concerned the settlement proposal. When asked what the state’ objection was to it, Newell said, s “This is where I can ’ believe Longley and t (Maine Atty. Gen. Joseph) Brennan are singing their old tune.” According to the plan, “ in 15 years the state would b e off the hook,” Newell said adding that aid could continue indefinitely under existing law. Newell said he felt state officials were politically motivated in what they said publicly. Newell said the settlement would be good for Maine towns, adding “R ace relations have been getting much better since we started pouring money into them.” �Page 10 Wabanaki Alliance April 1978 Developer, Indian clash over AAashpee case By Jay Kent His request, he said, is only a variance in the existing law in that he would be allowed only the filling station and no other com m ercial venture. He indicated that he did not feel all development in Mashpee has been wise. “This should be a model town after watching the surrounding towns develop.” He cited an example where the building of new homes led to the crowding of schools with new children. “The impact was too soon,” he said. Acting upon a recommendation by Mashpee town counsel Joseph Reardon, the Board of Appeals allowed Umina to withdraw his request and to reapply without prejudice. No vote was held and no decision made. In fiing again in February, Umina included a letter charging Keliinui “They (the Indians) are against further with conflict of interest and asking that an development,” he said in a telephone alternate sit in her place. interview. “That’ how this whole thing s The decision to step down is in the hands started,” he said, referring to the land of Keliinui herself. The legal opinion as to claim s suit. When questioned about that whether she is in conflict of interest would position, Umina admitted that he hadn’ t com e from Town Counsel Reardon, but heard it personally, but “it’ not just s that would not constitute an order to be scuttlebutt.” He believes that the tribe has disqualified from Umina’ hearing. s expressed it publicly. When asked his opinion, Reardon said, Keliinui said her view of the request is “I ’ making no statement until I have a m that it does not constitute a variance, in the written request for an opinion on the zoning law, but a re-zoning from industrial matter.” He explained that the request to commercial. The Board of Appeals is would have to com e from an official not em powered to re-zone. source. He said he assumed that Umina In a telephone interview, she said, “A would ask Mashpee selectm en to seek the hearing was held last August and because of variou s p rob lem s — lack of opinion. “If she’ found in conflict and refuses to s information, and things that didn’ meet t step down,” Umina said, “she’ be open to ll with the requirements of the Board of criminal suit.” Appeals, as far as him having a plan...it Criminal suit, according to Reardon, was delayed and he asked for an indefinite could result if Umina filed a complaint postponement so he could get these things with the district attorney. together. When asked about her reaction, Keliinui “So the thing was prolonged. The said, “There have been very few meetings hearing was over and one of the mem bers that I have been absent from in the seven of the Board mentioned that it would take years I’ been a m em ber of the Board of ve only one ‘ no’ vote (to reject the request) Appeals. And in any meetings that com e and that he didn’ feel that I was in favor of t up in the future, I would anticipate being it. At that point, two days later the present, whether it be Jerry Umina’ s individual (Umina) wrote a letter saying hearing or whether it be anybody’ s that he wanted to challenge me because I hearing.” was a member of the Tribal Council. And Umina was asked if he felt that Mashpee that’ the whole thing in a nutshell.” s Selectman George Benway is in conflict. Umina felt that d e sp ite ev id e n ce “I never really thought of it,” he said, favorable to his request, given by the chief adding that Benway “ did quite a bit of of police and the town engineer, Keliinui business in town before this thing rem ained o p p ose d to developm ent. hit.’ Benway is also a real estate broker in ’ Referring to the other m em bers of the the town. three-member Board, he said, “I don’ t “He definitely has a large stake in the know how they'd vote, but Keliinui is the outcome (of the land claim s case),” only one who actually cam e out against Umina said. it.” MASHPEE, Ma. — A developer in this Cape Cod town has ch a llen ged a Wampanoag Indian woman’ presence on s the local Zoning Board of Appeals. He charges that she is in conflict of interest because of the current Indian claim to land in the town of Mashpee. The developer, Gerald J. Umina of Mashpee, is seeking a variance in an industrially-zoned area to build a gas station. He claim s that Clara L. Keliinui, a m em ber of the Wampanoag Tribal Council as well as the town’ Board of Appeals, s cannot be expected to render a fair and dispassionate judgment. NEW DIRECTOR of the Wabnaki Bi-lingual Education Program at Indian Township is Robert Leavitt, who replaced Wayne A. Newell. Newell, who founded the program, took a job as social services director for the tribe. With Leavitt is Mary Ellen Socobasin. in charge of developing materials for the bi-lingual program. Leavitt grew up in New Jersey, holds a m aster’ degree in education from Harvard, and has taught six years at s Indian Township and Pleasant Point reservation. Socobasin is an Indian Township native, graduated for Princeton High School, and has worked in the program seven years. Indian leaders say tribal status must be protected NASHVILLE - U.S. government has failed to fulfill obligations to Indian tribes, and further, should be responsible for p r eserv in g and defen d in g Indians “inherent sovereign rights.” Those statements were among a dozen resolutions reached at the 32nd annual meeting of the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) held recently at Nashville, Tenn. Attending the four day event from Maine were Penobscot Indian Lt. Gov. Wally Pehrson; Passam aquoddy Gov. John Stevens; George Tomer, a Penobscot w orking for A m erican Indians for Development of Meriden, Ct.; and James Sappier of Old Town, a Penobscot working for the Indian Task Force, New England Federal Regional Council of Boston. Sappier said the NCAI resolutions were in his opinion the m ost important aspect of the meeting. They will be presented to Congress as part of a “Declaration of Principles on Tribal Recognition.” Other resolutions of the 400-500 NCAI delegates, representing scores of Indian tribes included: — Only genu ine Indian trib es be fe d era lly r e c o g n iz e d (P enobscot and Passam aquoddy Indians recently won such recognition) — Any determination that a group is not an Indian tribe must be justified on the group’ failure to m eet legitimate criteria s — A tribe winning federal recognition status can request a federal agency to seek additional funds from Congress to fulfill trust obligations — The level of federal support shouldn’ t depend on arbitrary budget decisions, but should be based on services to which tribes are entitled. Impending crisis A pream ble to the NCAI resolutions said federal recognition of Indians is “ an issue of impending crisis.” The statement said leaders of federally re co g n ize d trib es are o b je c tin g to increased dispersal of federal funds, some of them allocated to “questionable-Indian groups, program s and individuals.” Also, Indian officials say they see groups claim ing to be “Indian tribes” as a threat to tribal sovereignty. The statement voices som e concern about “racism or greed” saying that “ attempts by the federally-recognized tribes to assure the greatest safeguards in the process must not be looked upon as greed or rascism .” Pulp and paper firm, bank say claims won't affect business POCKET MONEY, plus a clean community are the results of gathering deposit bottles and cans along Pleasant Point roadsides. From left, Tony Clement, Joe Sapiel, both nine years old; and Peter Clement, 10. (Cartwright Photo) BANGOR — Two annual reports, one from a banking corporation and another from a pulp and paper firm, state that Penobscot-Passamaquoddy Indian land claim s will not adversely affect business. Diamond International Corp. told its sto ck h o ld ers a cu rrent p rop o se d settlement of Indian claims-which would take about 49,000 acres of Diamond’ s lands at $5 per acre-is “unacceptable.” But the annual report from the firm that owns a large mill at Old Town also said the settlement “would not have a material ad v erse effect on the co m p a n y ’s consolidated financial statements.” In another development, William C. Bullock, president of Merrill Bankshares of Bangor, said in the annual report that it’ “ Business as usual” despite Indian s land claims. Bullock, who at one time worked on a study of Indian claim s for Gov. James B. Longley, said in the report: “Last year we com mented on the possible adverse effects of the much publicized Indian land claims case in our state. The atmosphere in this regard has improved during the course of the year and, while no settlement has been reached, we are pleased to report that business is being conducted as usual in Maine with no adverse effect upon your company.” Merrill Bankshares is the third largest banking corporation in the state. �Wabanaki Alliance April 1978 Page 1 1 Moccasin factory closes INDIAN ISLAND — The moccasin factory at Indian Island closed recently, putting two dozen persons out of a job. Penobscot Gov. Nicholas H. Sapiel said the tribe has plans to start the triballyowned business again at some future date. He said financial mismanagement and reckless expansion were to blame for closing of the factory. Among those out o f a job was George F. Wehrman, a non-Indian hired as general manager of the factory last fall. Also losing jobs were a number of Indian persons. Sapiel said that if re-opened, “ we want to start small and then work up again. But Penobscot tribal welfare services seen continuing nothing big and elaborate; w e learned our lesson on the last one.” The moccasion factory was started in 1976 as a part of Penobscot Indian Enter prises (PIE). A retail outlet store was set up at Bar Harbor, and products were dis tributed across the state. Michael D. Thomas, who quit as manager last September, boasted earlier than PIE assets had grown from $27,500 to $430,000. Sapiel said the moccasin factory building will be used for training sessions in a new conservation corps program based on the island. Also closed was another PIE project, a heating fuel delivery service. Attorney General's report due on case INDIAN ISLAND — New monies coming to the Penobscot tribe from federal sources will apparently not alter state welfare funds, according to a Maine Department of Indian Affairs agent. Edward T. Maroon, in charge of welfare services at the Indian Island “ Indian Affairs” building, said “ as far as I knowservices will continue. I’ heard no word ve that services will be cut back.” Maroon distributes varying monthly payments to about 70-80 Penobscot families. As of October 1, 1977, the Penobscots were officially eligible for federal Bureau of Indian Affairs funds, but Maroon said he anticipated no immediate changes in state aid, nor did he expect his own job to change. Maroon said he could not supply a reporter with a figure for his budget. He said the state Department of Indian Affairs places no limits or rules on how money is spent, other than to recommend certain figures for grocery orders, clothing and medical expenses. Food Stamps, Aid to Families with De pendent Children (AFDC) and unemploy ment compensation are also dispensed from Maroon’s office. Maroon said aid is not limited to those persons on the tribal census, but can be granted to non-Indians living on the island. Maroon said he has no average figure for welfare, since “ every situation is dif ferent.” Commenting on the welfare system, he said, “ I think (the amount of aid) is enough, but it instills a dependency. “ I’m just sitting here all day perpetuat ing the system, but I’d like to get out and find the root of the problem,” he said. A Waterville native. Maroon said he enjoys working with Indian persons, something he has done in his position as Indian agent the past two years. His office includes posted job listings, and a sticker that says, “ Indians are not extinct: they’ re just treated that way.’’ Maroon, 31, is a graduate of Ricker College, Houlton. Planning board to dissolve ENDIAN ISLAND - The five-year-old inter t r ib a l P en ob scot- P a ssa m a q u od d y planning board will soon be replaced by local planning effort, according to tribal leaders. Andrew X. Akins, executive director of the board since its inception, confirmed that officials had agreed to dissolve the agency, but said “nothing has been finalized yet.” Penobscot tribal Gov. Nicholas H. Sapiel said/‘ talked with the other governors and I they want their planning done locally.’ Sapiel said he had discussed the matter with Passam aquoddy Governors Francis J. Nicholas and John Stevens. Akins has agreed to take a new job as an administrative assistant and coordinator for the Penobscot tribe, Sapiel said. AUGUSTA — Saying that “ people will never be satisfied without a court d e cisio n ,” D eputy Atty. Gen. John Patterson told a reporter this month that he is preparing to recomm end a course of action on the Indian land claim s case. Patterson, who upholds the state’ s position that Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claim s are without legal merit, said “We’ working on an extensive report re exa m in in g the joint m em orandu m (proposed settlement) and recommending a course of action.” The report will be delivered to the Governor and Legislature, he said. P a tterson refu sed to d is c lo se the contents of his report. “There are a number of things which could dispose of the case very quickly,” he said without elaborating. Patterson did not say whether he meant seeking to have Congress extinguish the land claims. Mitchell quits MPBN, show to continue ORONO — Kim Mitchell, a program director at Maine Public Broadcasting Net work (MPBN), has resigned that position to take a sales job with radio station WLBZ, Bangor. Mitchell, a graduate of University of Maine and a Penobscot Indian from Indian Island, was producer-director of a halfhour monthly TV show called Maine Indian Journal. The show has included programs on an Indian artist, Maine Indian land claims and other topics. Maine Indian Journal will continue at least through May, according to Bernard F. Roscetti. MPBN television program man ager. Roscetti said Penobscot Indian, Jean Mitchell has agreed to assist in directing and coordinating the show. Clayton and Emily Sockabasin, of Indian Township, share grins at the elementary school they attend. They are the children of Clayton Sockabasin of Indian Township, and M ary Sosson g of Portland. (Cartwright photo). Staff change made on negotiating team PLEASANT POINT — Gail Dana, a m em ber of the tribal land claim s negotiating team, has resigned and has been replaced by a tribal governor. Dana, who re p re se n ted the Passam aquoddies from Pleasant Point reservation, has been succeeded on the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy team by Gov. Francis J. Nicholas of Pleasant Point. Spokesmen for the eight-member team say the group will remain intact until, and perhaps after, the claim s are settled. The team met several times with three White House negotiators, to produce the proposed settlement now before the state of Maine and 1 m ajor landholders in the 4 state. No public lands are involved in the out-of-court proposal, which would award Indians a total of about one half million acres and $50 million. O riginally, the PenobscotPassam aquoddy claim s sought about two thirds of the state. On the tribal team are Wayne A. Newell and Jeannette Neptune, representing Indian Township; Dana and Nicholas, Pleasant Point; Andrew X. Akins, George M. Mitchell, Wilfred Pehrson and Timothy Love, Indian Island. Off-reservation Indian named to team DOVER-FOXCROFT — An off-reservation Penobscot Indian has been appointed to the Maine Indian land claims negotiat ing team. Reuben (Butch) Phillips of Dover-Foxcroft, a member of the Penobscot tribe, was named to the team at a tribal council meeting in February. “ 1want to make non resident Penobscots aware that they have a voice on the negotiating committee,” he said. In last month's Wabanaki Alliance, another off-reservation Penobscot, Neil Phillips, said in an interview that Indians not living on reservations were being left out of tribal affairs and tribal decision making. Last summer Ralph Thomas, a Penob scot living in Gardiner, filed for intervenor status in the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims case, claiming his interests were not represented in the negotiating process. Reuben Phillips is a native of Indian Island, where he spent his first 19 years. A graduate of Old Town High School, he is married to the former Linda Stewart and the couple has three sons. Phillips is em ployed by American Telephone and Tele graph Co. Longley dares Tureen to try claims in court ORONO — Gov. James B. Longley told a reporter here that if Indian land claim s are valid, Thomas N. Tureen, lawyer for the tribes, should be willing to test the claim s in court. Longley, visiting the University of Maine recently to address a business leaders conference, said, “I think if the Indian counsel is so confident, he ought to be willing to try it in court.” Longley refused to answer questions about ths proposed out-of-court settlement of the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy claims, saying, “ I refer you to my attorney general.” Longley complained, “It (the settlement) is a holdup, and after I increased Indian services 50 percent.” Asked what he would do about an upcoming deadline on responding to the proposed settlement, Longley said again that this was a question for Atty. Gen. Joseph Brennan, who requested a 60-day Asked if the state’ position was that s claim s w ere frivolous, Longley said, “I never said they w ere frivolous.” (The state’ public position has been that the s claim s are without merit.) As Longley hurried away from the reporter, who identified himself as from W abanaki Alliance, the G overnor said,“m y com ment for you is, anybody can write slanted journalism.” R e d Eye D ID J A H E A R T H E O N E ABOUT T H E S U O B B O V IA N PLU A A BER f J DON'T L IK E JO KES O THER ABOUT E T H N IC 6RO UPS/ J E R K . V M IA H 1 i i ’O K K 'f I D ID J A HEAR T H E O N E ABOUT T H E IN D IA N PLU M BER ? �Indian woman's case backed (Continued from page 1 ) closed until an agreement signed by all parties was in hand. Petit said when she approached Carles seeking a rental, “ he asked me if I was Indian, and I said yes, and he said, ‘ we don’ rent to Indians.’ ’’ Petit also said he t discriminated against her because she is single. Her complaint to the commission said Carles asserted “ unmarried couples may cause friction between the neigh bors.” Lepore said the commission apparently ruled only on the Indian discrimination aspect of the complaint, which also alleged Carles said Indians “ stole from him” and had lied to him about payment of rent. “They told me I was the first Passama quoddy from Indian Township to file a :ase. I was scared, and I’m still scared,” Petit said. Cards circulated on land threat ORONO — An unknown num ber of cards opposing Indian land claim s have been printed anonymously, and have been distributed in Penobscot County and elsewhere. An area resident brought a yellow three by five inch card to the newspaper office addressed to Hon. William D. Hathaway, Senate Office Building, Wash.. D.C. ‘ Dear Senator,” the card says, “ I and housandsof other Mainers feel threatened by the Indian land claim s suit. We feel that :he property rights of all landowners should be protected. “We also feel that any settlement should consider the econom ic impact on the jobs and life styles of the tens of thousands of Mainers who derive their living from these lands,” the printed card said. The cards left room to fill in name and address. The ca r d s w ere reported ly distributed along with a petition also apposing the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims case. State lawyer (Continued from page 1 ) Deputy Atty. Gen. John Patterson, reached by phone, said as far as he knew, Williams was not paid for his legal assistance. Williams was “principally involved as a liaison with Judge Gunter and the C on gression a l d e lega tio n ,” Patterson said. In a related development, Brennan recen tly sought $200,000 from the Legislature, to hire expert lawyers for an anticipated court battle over the Indian claims. O'Leary mum on land suit PORTLAND — The Rev. Edward C. O’Leary, Catholic Bishop of Maine, says it would be imprudent for him to voice an opinion on P enobscot-P assam aqu odd y Indian land claims. “ I think it would be imprudent for m e to take a position without all the facts,” O’Leary said in a telephone interview. He was questioned about his views following a pu b lic com m en t by P a ssam aqu odd y Indian, Wayne A. Newell. Newell said at a land claim s talk that he wished O ’ Leary would take a position so “we could at least know if he’ for or s against it.” O’ Leary said he had twice arranged meetings with Newell, and state officials, to hear “ both sides” of the case, but that Newell had cancelled out at the last minute. “Being a layman in the law, I just can’ t bring m yself to make a definitive statement on the case now,” the Bishop said. He added that he “represents all the Catholic people of Maine.” and he would want “justice done to all,” Indian and nonIndian alike. “ I ’ very sympathetic to Indians, not m only on the land claims...I’ inclined to m think injustice has been done to the Indians," O’Leary said, but asked, “how do we rectify this.” A flashback to the past News briefs Passion play INDIAN TOW NSHIP - Sixth and seventh graders of the Indian Township School traveled to the Indian reservation at Tobique to perform a Passion Play. The play, which depicts the events in Jesus’ life from The Last Supper to the Crucifixion, was perform ed in Indian costume, and lines were spoken in native Passamaquoddy. This is the third straight year that the school has put on the Passion Play. Newell on board INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Wayne A. Newell, director of social services for the Passamaquoddy tribe here, has been named a delegate to the national Catholic C am paign for Human D evelopm ent (CHD), based in Washington, D.C. Newell was appointed to a three year term as a Maine delegate representing the New England region. Census meeting PLEASANT POINT - The Passamaquoddy tribal census com mittee was expected to meet during a regular council m eeting this month, at Pleasant Point reservation, to consider persons seeking to be added to tribal rolls. Gov. Francis J. Nicholas said a large number of names would be considered. The increase may be due to the current land claim s case, he said. Claims debate ORONO — A debate on PenobscotPassamaquoddy Indian land claims is scheduled here, Sunday, April 16, at 6:30 p.m. Open to the public and sponsored by Orono Methodist Church, the event will be preceded by a covered dish supper at 5:30, at the church. Participants will include Andrew X. Akins, a Penobscot on a claims negotiating team, Timothy Love, also a Penobscot negotiator, V. Paul Reynolds of the Bangor Daily News staff, and a rep resentative of Gov. James B. Longley. Navajo Times may try daily rui GALLUP, N.M. — The weekly h Tim es m ay switch to daily public according to a U.S. Bureau of ! Affairs newsletter. The report also said that after 1 9 Navajo Tim es is out of the red, am running at a deficit. The tribal publ departm ent w ill be incorpo separately from tribal government a as the business shows a profit. In other business, Navajo Times : will start a non-Indian weekly this r called the Gallup Progress. The ide get m ore advertising revenue fo Indian paper, the newsletter said. Indian symposiur TAHLEQUAH, OKLA. — Northea Oklahoma State will host the sixth A Indian Heritage Activities and Sympc on the American Indian on April 6,7, i Sponsored by the University’ Dis of Social Sciences, the program include displays of Indian art, crafts, books, and fashion, as well symposium on “The American India the Law” and other discussions. Film festival se SAN FRANCISCO — A third a A m erican Indian Film F estiv scheduled May 11-13, at Palace of Arts here, sponsored by San Frai American Indian Center. E n tries w ill in clu de m a jor s productions as well as independent work, a press release said. Cate( in clu de docum en tary, contem pt portrayal, animation and others. An “ Indian Oscar” award wi initiated at the frstival, accordii festival d ire cto r M ichael Sm it National Endowment for the Arts supports the festival. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (April 1978) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-410 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/2222f1bf4532917cbe277eb98436ebab.pdf 943f19162446f8d00371ea9560c621f2 PDF Text Text ^r/rn s M AR 31 W abanaki A lliance . ““ R e ':S > ‘ M H TOg Published by Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. 67110 -' 1 I U MM "'’ 5 ^ Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473. April 1980 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED State passes claims bill The “white chiefs” confer in Augusta on the day the Legislature passed the Indian land claims settlement act. From left, Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen, Sen. Bennett D. Katz, Augusta, tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen. The S81.5 million settlement now faces Congressional action. See front page story. G.M. Mitchell su e s for $350,000 INDIAN ISLAND — Former Wabanaki Corporation Director George M. Mitchell has filed suit in Penobscot County Superior Court for damages totaling $350,000 in connection with his firing from his job one year ago. The directors held an em ergency m eet ing, April 18, at Indian Island, to discuss the suit. A former commissioner of Indian Af fairs for the state, Mitchell, a Penobscot, lost his job after he had made an un successful run for governor of the Penob scot Nation. The alcoholism and drug abuse agency’ board of directors sent s Mitchell a letter in February 1979 telling him he was fired for “excessive involve ment in tribal politics, and inefficient handling of staff employees,” according to the suit. Named as defendants in the suit are Wabanaki Corp., and board mem bers Russell Socoby, Albert Dana, Melvin Vicaire, Francis Sapiel. Richard Hamilton, Ralph Dana, Terry Polchies, Ramona Stackhouse and Allen Sockabasin. Mitchell subsequently asked for a hearing on his termination, which took place March 21,1979. A vote was allegedly taken dropping the charges against Mitchell at that meeting. Then,, the suit alleges, at the request of Allen Socka basin, a Passamaquoddy, another vote was taken declaring the hearing invalid because evidence was not presented. On March 29, another hearing was held, and Wabanaki directors voted to uphold the firing. Mitchell claims he did not receive due process. H e seeks relief of $100,000 on the first count. In a second count seeking $100,000, Mitchell says he suffered “mental and emotional upset, humiliation and anguish.” A third count alleges breach of contract and violation of rights, and asks $100,000 in compensatory damages, and $50,000 in punitive damages. AUGUSTA — The mandate wasn’ t overwhelming — in fact at one point it looked like defeat for the tribes — but the Maine Legislature this month passed L.D. 2037, an act to settle the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims. The entire settlem ent has been sent to Washington for Congressional action. Gov. Joseph Brennan, longtime foe of the land claims in his years as attorney general, signed the bill that could end a decade of negotiations and threatened litigation by the tribes. Brennan said the bill will “lay the foundation to create a new era of special relationship with our Indian neighbors, making them full-fledg ed citizens, giving them an opportunity to live in dignity.” Maine has no financial obligation under the claims agreement, and it remains to be seen if Congress, which must foot the $51.5 million cost of the plan, will vote final approval in the next couple of months. The Maine Congressional delegation has reportedly told the tribes it will push for ratification, but costs — particularly the $200 or so per-acre price to be paid large landowners — may be questioned in Washington. The entire settlem ent could be signed into law by the President by June. Fire flattens house INDIAN ISLAND — A fire of suspici ous origin burned an old home to the ground this month, and also damaged a nearby trailer. Tribal authorities said the blaze ap peared to be a case of arson. Destroyed was a vacant house owned by Paul Francis, Sr. Forced to m ove from their mobile home were Doug* Shirley Francis and their baby. In a day and one half, both the Senate and the House ratified the $81.5 million negotiated resolution of the original 12.5 million acre claim. The package would provide for purchase of 300,000 acres from major landholders who have agreed to sell; a $27 million trust fund, and 5,000 acres for Maliseet Indians in the Houlton area. The Penobscots and Passamaquoddies will divide the land and money equally, if Congress approves the settlement. Micmac Indians, the other major tribe in Maine, have no share in the settlement. State Sen. Samuel W. Collins of Rock land, who chaired a joint select committee on the claims agreement with Rep. Bonnie Post of Owls Head, presented the bill to (Continued on page 8) Bill en a cted to aid tribes AUGUSTA — An eleventh-hour m ove in the Legislature secured transi tional funds for the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes, through em er gency legislation. The $285,315 will bridge a gap between the end of state Department of Indian Affairs services and aid to the now federally recognized tribes, and the start-up of federal support. Lastminute lobbying efforts got the bill passed, to cover the period July 1,1980 to Jan. 31,1981. The Senate at first tied at 14-14 on passage, but the bill prevailed in a second vote, 14-12. The House passed the emergency measure, 109-20. Passamaquoddies air gripes about tribal government by Bill O’ Neal PLEASANT POINT — Vexed by ap parent failure of tribal government to let reservation people know what it is doing, a “people’ committee" has been formed to s obtain financial and operational account ing of tribal government activities. Repeated frustration over alleged fail ures of tribal council to m eet publicly sparked the committee’ formation. Ac s cording to Ralph Dana, one of several people starting the protest, when another council m eeting scheduled in January looked as though it would not be held, people decided, “We don’ give a damn if t the governor and council show, w e’ hold ll a m eeting anyway.” Only tw o councilors attended, Dana said. The people’ committee grew out of that s meeting, as did a petition which asked the tribal government to answer a number of questions about the way it is conducting its activities. The petition was signed by 85 eligible voters. “In order for a community to be cohe sive,” Dana remarked, “you have to involve it in decisions. It boils back down to secrecy.” One source said that often the council itself is not aware of or does not understand what the governor and Lt. governor are doing. Amid rumors that Pleasant Point is deeply in debt, the petition requested a complete disclosure to the tribe of its financial status. A lth ou gh G o v ern or Robert Newell reportedly readily agreed to this, no report has been released, yet. One committee m em ber said a financial office was to be set up where any tribal member could view the records thorough ly, but that this has not been done. Lt. Governor Cliv Dore told Wabanaki Alliance that the tribe is around $100,000 in debt, primarily due to housing con struction overruns. Dana complained, “I don’ know of any t municipality where no financial reports are released; where people are not allowed to know. W e want to know what is happening to all this money for economic development.” Another concern voiced by committee members was that Governor Newell was allegedly seldom to be found at the tribal community building. Many complained that he seem ed m ore interested in his logging operation than his job as gover nor, making it almost impossible to m eet with him. One committee member ex pressed confidence that Newell was an able leader, but was not satisfied with his attendance. Tribal officials have reportedly ex plained Newell’ absences as necessary s because of the pressures and tension of the office. Newell could not be reached by phone for comment, although he was in the community building at the time. Other concerns mentioned involve hous ing, problems of vandalism and reserva tion jurisdiction, an accounting of stumpage monies for wood taken from tribal land, and high reservation unemployment. Several people charged that nepotism is a major factor in deciding who gets jobs and new housing. In apparent dissatisfaction with lack of communication between tribal govern ment and the people it serves, some (Continued on page 1 2) �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 editorials Spring flight Spring is a fitting time for Wabanaki Alliance to begin seeking the financial support o f its readers. In this season o f rebirth and optimism many other fledglings will be leaving their nests and flying off. trying to make it on their own. After more than two-and-a-half years in the nest, it is time for the paper to try its wings. For more than two years now the staff o f Wabanaki Alliance has worked in the belief that the paper is wanted and needed in the Indian community. Charging subscriptions is the ultimate leap o f faith in that belief. With the land claims settlement approaching, the tribes will soon be able to make self-sufficiency more than a Bureau o f Indian Affairs buzz word. It is appropriate that their newspaper move in that direction as well. Even if everyone on Wabanaki Alliance’ old mailing list s subscribed (about 3,000 people), only one-third o f our budget would be covered. Increased advertising might bring that figure up to half, but total independence from seeking grants is well down the road. The importance o f subscriptions extends beyond budgetary necessity. Each new subscription is like a vote o f confidence for the paper and encourages the staff to work even harder to merit that trust. Sensible census The 1980 census may seem like a pain in the neck; just one more form, one more questionnaire to fill out. W ho cares? We all should. Especially Indian people. For too long, reservation Indians and Indians elsewhere have “not counted,” in more ways than one. The census is not going to invade one's privacy, or in vestigate on e’ personal affairs. But it may help the lives o f Indian s people, because statistics drawn from the census can be used in justifying grants, programs and other beneficial activity. So, stand up and be counted, as the saying goes. We urge Indians not to resist this particular government action. Responding to the census is one way to say “yes, we exist.” There is a specific place to check off “American Indian.” D on’ be discounted. t An od d parallel University o f Maine Prof. Ronald Banks was killed last spring in a mugging incident in New Orleans (the murder had nothing to do with Banks work so far as is known). Banks was involved in researching the state’ argument that the 1794 Nonintercourse Act did not apply s to Maine tribes. The Act says all treaties with Indians must be ratified by Congress — not the case in Maine history. In the 1700’ a-Boston land speculator named Samuel W aldo s, placed a plaque at Head o f Tide (Bangor), declaring the surrounding Penobscot lands conquered. With him was Lord Westbrook, who burned an Indian village at Old Town and later died a pauper in 1744. But what o f Waldo? When he put the plaque in place, he dropped dead. 'Cindy, your mother is gone' by Cindy Hood It was a hot and beautiful summer day. I was out celebrating my birthday on June 15 with all my girl friends. W e went swimming, boat riding, having a great time. Debbie came over to where I was sitting. She asked me if I wanted to go out dancing at Stacey’ so I told s, her I had to go home and change my clothes and get a baby-sitter. Debby said all right, we will all ride home with you. W e all got into my car and started for my home. W e were all singing songs and telling jokes to each other. W e got home and went into my house. I took a shower, changed my clothes, and got a baby-sitter. Just before we were leaving the house, the phone rang. My cousin, Belinda, answered it and told me my father wanted to talk to me. S o I got on the phone, and my father was crying. I asked him what was wrong, and he said to me, "Cindy, your mother is gone,” and I said, "G on e where?” He said, "Your Wabanaki Alliance mother just passed away.” I hung up the phone and ran over to my mother’ s house, ran right into her bedroom. I found her on the bed looking up at the ceiling, lying there, not making a sound. I tried to wake her up. I guess I was in shock; I just couldn’ believe t that my mother was gone. All my aunts and uncles were there with me trying to give me comfort. I got through it all with my friends and family to keep me going, but even today I think about that day she died. I loved my mother very much. She was always there when I needed her. She helped me out a lot when my husband walked out on me and my two daughters. She loved her grandchildren with all her heart, and gave them love and comfort. W e often think about her and how she loved us. ED ITO R’ NOTE: Cindy Hood, S 22, is a resident o f Indian Township and a student at Bangor Community College. Her mother, Mary May Larrabee, died in June 1979. Vol. 4, No. 4 April 1980 Published monthly by the Division o f Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Orono Times. Printed by Ellsworth American. Member — Maine Press Association Steven Cartwright, Editor William O’Neal, Associate Editor Mary T. Byers Brenda Polchies Roberta Richter Kathy Tomah Reporters Indian Island Houlton Pleasant Point Indian Township DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree | chairman] Carroll Stevens, Central Maine Indian Assoc. John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Jeannette LaPlante. Central Maine Indian Assoc. Clair Sabattis, Assn, of Aroostook Indians David A. Francis, Public Safety Department Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Phone 827-4543 Phone 532-7317 Phone 853-4654 Phone 796-2301 Indian Island Drrington Pleasant Point Indian Township Indian Island Indian Township Old Town Houlton Pleasant Point Houlton DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; 56 Canada and overseas; $10 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.] �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 3 letters Discrimination Letter from Finland Pori, Finland To the editor: My name is Chris Nevalainen and my pro fession is headwaiter. The dearest hobby for me has always been reading, writing and whatever concerns the English language. Naturally this has helped me a lot in my work in the restaurant. I’ like to let you know that in 1974 a fine d ship called T.V. State o f Maine visited the Capital o f Finland, Helsinki for a few days and I was fortunate enough to be able to see all the quarters on board. One o f the souvenirs I got was the Wabanaki Alliance being published by your Center and I have studied this magazine carefully during the past days for I have always liked people no matter where they come from — that is to say 1 find them all FOLLOWING TRADITION - David Sanipass, 21, and friend Garry Gallagher, my fellowmen. Micmacs, pound ash for basketmaking. [Sanipass Photo] The history of people has attracted me for a long time and the activities and the culture o f the Indians especially. Seeks sw eetgra ss If possible. I’ appreciate one or two d Great little paper recent copies o f Wabanaki Alliance. Portsmouth, Va. To the editor: Then I have another matter to present to Our Title IV program needs a source to To the editor: you: this year I joined the International purchase ash and sw eetgrass for our Enclosed is my contribution, and please Foundation o f Lions Clubs and I am most student and parent groups. Can any of start my subscription as soon as possible. anxious to contact other “brothers” abroad your readers be of any assistance. I live in Portsmouth, Va., and your through correspondence on Lions affairs. If you have any information that would paper will be a great way to keep in touch. Loves the paper In case there are Lions among your people be helpful to our program, please contact I discovered the paper was still being would you please ask them to write and tell To the editor: me at this address — published on a visit home last week. me the latest news o f their district. Thank Will you please send me the newspaper. Charlene D. Pully I am looking forward to your next issue. you so much. I am Carol Wilcox’ mother. But she and s Flint Indian Education I also think the Wabanaki Alliance is a So in the beginning of the new decade let her husband get the paper. I worked for 1736 Carman brook Parkway great little paper. us all hope that understanding and good will two years in Houlton for the Aroostook Flint, Michigan 48507 Gloria Neptune Kelly between men will increase with great speed. Indians. But I am too old now. But I love In closing this letter I wish you all the best the paper because there are so many Low interest level for the New Year 1980 and for the future Cites im provement people I know. hoping that everybody will one day be able Dorothy Wilcox Searsport, Me. to face all the human rights belonging to Som ers Pt., N.J. To the editor: him. To the editor: You do have a very good newspaper Starting Metis group I’ be looking forward to any message ll I have been away from home for quite which I enjoy reading, but I am afraid that from you! Winston Salem, N.C. awhile, and its great to keep in touch this library’ budget is very small and I’ s ll Chris Nevalainen To the editor: through your paper. be unable to enter a subscription this Liisankatu 1 1 Trust you and staff are well. You All the building and improvements that year. The subscription rate is reasonable 28100 Pori 10 published a letter in Sept. ’79 paper by are being made on the Island, I can read and I would do it, if there were some Finland William “Rattlesnake” Jackson relative to a about and it’ really great for all my community interest in your newspaper. s Cherokee Confederacy but his mailing people. Unfortunately the level of interest and Proud Cherokee address was not given. Could you send me Keep up the good work, your staff does awareness of Maine’ Native American s his complete mailing address? The South South Casco a really great job in reporting all the culture is zero here in Searsport. eastern Cherokee Confederacy, Inc. interesting things at all the reservations. To the editor: Good luck with your paper. Also I would appreciate it if you would Thank you again, I have been receiving the Wabanaki Inez Kaiser print my name and address in your letter news for the past two years and I have Sandra “Mitchell” Broschard Librarian section, I request correspondence from enjoyed reading the editorials found crafts people, persons who have a knowledge therein. o f Native American medicinal formulas In my last receipt it told of the necessity using roots, herbs, etc. to charge for the news service. Anyone interested in membership in a I wish to continue receiving the news Metis Indian organization, dedicated to the sheet and if you will let me know what the rights of Metis people and preservation of service charge is, I shall remit promptly. their distinct heritage? Ideally anyone is I am of Cherokee heritage and am proud Metis who is any degree less than full-blood to be a real American. Indian, Metis is not a name to be ashamed Richard H. McKinney of. Metis people for the most part are not accepted by either full-blooded Indians or Substance abuse white communities, so Metis organizations New York City are places where Metis people can belong and can contribute their abilities to con To the editor: I was shocked and saddened to learn o f structive uses. What is your opinion o f such Senabeh’ death. Although I never met him, s an organization? You see, with my Cherokee-Scotch-Irish I knew about him and his struggle against heritage I could not very well be accepted the Enemy. I always hoped that he would within the circle of those who are puffed up make it. However, saddened as I am by s with pride in being “full-blood.” As long as Senabeh’ passing, I feel that we should blood degree is made the exclusive test of heed the advice o f Mary Harris Jones fellowship among Indian people we can ("Mother” Jones, famous labor leader) who expect to remain a divided people. Perhaps said: “Mourn for the dead, but fight like you could touch a bit on this subject in an hell for the living!” The “living” in this case would be alcoholic teenagers cited in the editorial. You have a fine writing ability. My ideals are the same as those o f my letter from Pleasant Point on page 3 o f the Penobscot-Metis brother, Charles Colcord, January issue, as well as their alcoholic NEW WABANAKI LOGO— This symbolic Indian logo was drawn freehand for Wabanaki head o f the NYC Chapter Nat’ Assoc, of elders. The “fight” would take the form o f a Alliance by Passamaquoddy Indian artist Alfred Dana, who lives in Etna. The canoe l. represents the “vehicle,” this newspaper; the four diamonds on the circle represent the total program against substance abuse. The Metis Indians. four directions and Micmacs, Maliseets, Penobscots and Passamaquoddies. Eagle situation is bad and it is getting worse. The Anyone there have the recipes for Indian Alnurbeg (“People”) really have no choice in feathers, a sun [or sunflower] and traditional motifs make up the rest of the design. A fry bread, beef jerkey, pemmican? “W” and an “A” can be found if you look hard. Wabanaki Alliance is proud to adopt this Let me hear from you. Wish you the best. this matter. It is a question of survival. design for its stationery. Charley Colcord Augustus Webb Searsport To the editor: When does an Indian become a non Indian? Does he forfeit his right when he leaves the reservation? Most of us left because we had no choice. I left when times w ere hard (before the computer Indian) I had no place to stay — never knowing where the next meal was coming from. So did my sister — she died of cancer — not being able to get aid from the Indians or the state. At the time Gov. Curtis was “working on it.” So far the off-reservation Indian still has no rights, unless you’ non Indian re and marry one, then you com e into all these rights. Who is more Indian than my husband and me and our children? Recently my son was refused medi cal treatment because we aren’ within t “piggeddy” distance from the reserva tion — 38 miles perhaps, the line is thin isn’ it? t So tell me — when is an Indian considered an Indian, when his nose turns brown? Christine Nicholas �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Karate a way out of problems for young Indian man SOMERSWORTH, N.H. - Like many Indians living off-reservation, Craig San born had to bear the usual share of racial prejudice. He found an unusual way of dealing with it, however. “Up until about 15 I sort of played Indian, as you see in books," he said. Until then, "playing Indian” had been fun, he said, but as he got older he “started running into prejudice." People no longer reacted to his being Indian the same way. ' By to, I Had an identity problem and was • heavily into alcohol and drugs.” Ironically, it was the prejudice which made him think seriously about what it meant to be Indian. “When I got into the prejudice,” he said, “I got proud and kind of hard.” At this stage he received som e help from an unexpected source — a master of karate. Sanborn began studying karate and then judo when he was 13; however, at 15 he met John Mason; a holder of black belts in five different styles of martial art. In 1975, Mason founded a new style of karate, Che-lu, which Sanborn said, “has a basic philosophy of style Indian people could relate to. All nationalities working together to help each other and them selves.” According to Sanborn, Che-lu's em phasis on harmony between people and styles helped him to resolve the conflicts of nationality within himself. In the process he earned a black belt in karate and is currently ranked 6th in the nation in the Amateur Athletic Union’ s lightweight division. He practices two hours a day and expects to com pete in the national championships in July. Sanborn works as a security guard at Seabrook nuclear pow er plant. He was on duty during the most recent anti-nuclear power demonstrations. “A lot of the demonstrators were my friends,” he said. He said pow er company officials don’ t involve the guards in decisions. “I don't really seek it (involvement) out,” he said. He is considering starting a karate school on or near Indian Island in a year or two, he said. “I have the knowledge of style and the teaching abilities, but I’ m not ready emotionally,” he said. “I don’ really know many people up t here,” he said, adding that he hopes to make visits to get to know people in the area gradually. Sanborn t h i n k s t h a t a k a r a t e s r h n n l f n r Indians could help with many of the problems on the reservations. “It helped me, maybe it would help them. It would draw them together by having something in common. It would give them release and something to be proud of.” Craie Sanborn, ahnvp. » Ponnhct-n* and member of the Che-Lu. Society of the Golden Mantis Karate School, will travel to far-off Trindad this month [April 19], to participate in an international karate competition. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Craig Sanborn of Millinocket. Ramapoughs gain status M A H W A H , N.J.— An estim ated 3,000 people living at poverty-stricken Stag Hill, and known as Kamapough M ou n tain P eople, are seek in g recognition as an Indian tribe. Justice Department won't cloud claims WASHINGTON— Secretary o f the Interior Cecil Andrus says the U.S. Justice Department will not seek "offsets” against future money awards in Indian claims cases for federal monies paid out under the Indian SelfDetermination Act. "I was concerned that the tribes not be made reluctant to take over the responsibilities for many o f the programs in operation on their land,” said Andrus. "The provisions o f the Indian Self-Determination Act easily could be frustrated if the trade-off for self-determination is a clo u d ovpr pending tribal claims,” Andrus said in a press release. In a letter dated February 1, 1980, S ecreta ry A n d ru s u rged the Department o f Justice to exercise its discretion by not claiming selfdetermination funds as offsets under the 1946 Indian Claims Commission Act. This act allows the United States to o f f s e t " f u n d s exp en d ed ^ g r a tu ito u s ly ’’ by the fed era l government for the benefit o f Indian a g a in s t any m on eta ry case and has stated that it will not claim such offsets in future cases. Under the 1975 Indian SelfDetermination Act, Indian tribes could contract with the Bureau o f Indian Affairs to take over programs in operation on their reservation land. Such programs range from health services, schools and welfare programs to law enforcement, fish hatcheries and forestry. If a tribe is not ready to assume operation, grants are available to train and otherwise prepare the tribe for eventual take over. Massive repudiation o f the selfdetermination program by Indian tribes as a result o f offsets in claims awards could cause serious manpower and monetary repercussions for the Bureau o f Indian Affairs, as well as deny the tribes these management opportunities, BIA officials said. Already the state o f New Jersey has accorded the Mountain People status as Indians, and the next hurdle will be acknowledgement as a tribe by U.S. Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA). New Jersey A ssem blym an W . Cary Edwards said the community has been discriminated against, and "the learning o f their heritage has given t k e m a n i d e n tity t b e y c a n b e p r o u d o f. They are not just a dis-jointed group o f malcontents as others around here believed.” Edwards co-sponsored a resolution recognizing the group as Indian— the first such resolution in New Jersey since 1801. The Mountain People have been known locally as Jackson Whites, and are thought to be descended at least in part from blacks and Dutch farmers. A historian who lived with the Mountain People for a year maintains the group cannot rightly claim to be Indian. "They just don ’ want to accept the t fact that their ancestors were predominantly black,” said David S. Cohen. According to a recent magazine article, the term Jackson Whites derives either from Jacks (blacks) and whites (ancestors), or from a sea captain named Jackson who was supposed to bring white English prostitutes to British troops in nearby New York during the Revolution; but instead brought 400 W est Indies black w om en — k n ow n as " J a c k s o n ’s Whites.” If denied Indian status by BIA, the Ramapough Mountain People will still consider themselves Indian, descended from Tuscarora and Delaware Indians. New Jersey State Senator Matthew Feldman, a resolution sponsor, said, "S o what if they're not (Indian)? They've never had anything to be really proud o f before. Why try to take this away from them?” Loving care for your car WANTED INFORMATION ON THE W HEREABOUTS OF aw ard Mr. Maurice A.. Richards, formerly of made in a claim against the United States. The question arose in connection with a recent Turtle Mountain Chippewa claim award against which millions o f dollars given to the tribe might have been offset as grants under the Indian Self-Determination Act. Justice has decided not to offset claims for self-determination money in this Bangor, Houlton, New Vineyard. Mr. Richards is an excellent photographer, a native of Princeton, with many fine photos of Indian Township in early times. If you know where he is, contact: WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 MAIN STREET 0R0N0, MAINE 04473 We offer a reward of one year’ free s subscription to the newspaper. Tune-ups LOVE'S AMOCO INDIAN ISLAND Tires �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 5 Claims statute extended WASHINGTON — A Congressional House Sub-committee acting on a Senatepassed bill to extend the statute of limi tations for certain claims by the U.S. on behalf of Indians — approved a modified version which would extend the deadline two years to April 1,1982. The Senate bill, granted an extension to December 31, 1984, with a proviso that the claims had to be identified by December 1981. The House version will be voted on by the full Judiciary Committee before reach ing a floor vote. Prospects for passing the two-year extension now seem good since no statement of opposition have been sub mitted. Congressman Morris Udall ex pressed his support for the bill in a state ment submitted to the sub-committee. At the hearings Feb. 27, Rick Lavis, for Indian affairs, recommended the two-year extension as being sufficient. He reported that the U.S. Interior Department had already sent about 300 litigation requests covering more than 4,000 claims to the Justice Department. He said he doubted the department could possibly get these claims into court by April 1, 1980. Lavis said that the Interior Department had also rejected about 4.000 claims as not worth litigation; had helped resolve about 600 claims: and had about 2,000 claims pending at various levels in the claims process. Speaking of the eastern land claims, Lavis said it is “not likely that any will be settled before the April 1 deadline, with the possible exception of the Cayuga claim in New York. And we anticipate that a number of the eastern tribes will file large title-clouding lawsuits before April 1 if the statute of limitations is not ex tended,” he said. CMIA baskets reach 300 The Central Maine Indian Association Christmas basket effort served approximately 300 people in th e f o l l o w i n g c o u n t i e s in Maine: Androscoggin, A roostook, C u m berlan d, K ennebec, K nox, Penobscot, Somerset, W ashington and Y ork and the fo llo w in g states: Arizona and Pennsylvania. About 150 people attended the Christmas party which was held at the Indian R esource Center, O rono. CMIA hopes next year to include many more people in the Christmas get-together. "It is up to all o f us to make it happen. T han ks for participating this year, and hope to see you next year,” said Marta Conlin, CMIA health and social services director. Conlin said thanks are owed to all o f the people who helped with the donations to and the organization o f the 1979 Christmas Basket Effort and the Christmas Party, including but not limited to: The C.M.I.A. Staff Rachel Sockbeson John and Mary Isaac Alice Conlin Ann Pardilla Footman’ Dairy s Chiquita Banana Reverend Don Daigle Charmaine Meyers D oug’ Shop &. Save, s O ld Town and Union Street Emerson’ Brewer s, Boy Scout T roop #2, Bangor Father Vershawn Mark and Bridget W oodward Thomas Sockbeson John and Dolores Mitchell Ralph Thomas The Wabanaki Alliance The Oronoka Restaurant G &. L Produce The Reverend John Crozier St. Andrew’ Episcopal Church, s Bangor Debbie Brooks St. Mary’ Catholic Church, s Bangor The Hockey Booster’ Club s DHRS Big Brother/Big Sister Program, Orono Al and Carol Dana Debbie Astle Jeannette LaPlante Carolyn Peppin Bangor Candy Company LaBree’ Bakery s The Dept, o f Indian Affairs Sampsons, O ld Town Finast, Bangor Helen Dyer St. John’ Catholic Church, s Bangor Mrs. Lucien Peppin, Florence, Mass. To fee blessed Kateri Tekakwitha, a 17th century Mohawk woman who is a candidate for sainthood, will be “blessed” by Pope John Paul, June 22. To be so blessed is the final stage before canonization. In this painting by German artist Carl Link, the model was the late Molly Spotted Elk [Mary Alice “Molly Dellis” Archambeau], a Penobscot from Indian Island. Her sister, Mildred Akins, has worked hard in the cause of Kateri, the Lily of the Mohawks. Mrs. Akins’work was described in a story in last month’ Wabanaki Alliance. s Kateri, a smallpox victim at age four, died at 24, after a life of religious devotion and virginity. FBI m iscon du ct cited W ASHINGTON— The U.S. Com m is sion on Civil Rights has made recommendations to Congress to insure that misconduct by FBI agents is fully investigated, and fairly resolved. In testimony before the Senate Ju d iciary C o m m itte e last fall, c o m m is s io n C h airm an A rthur Flemming presented the com m ission’ s concerns related to current FBI complaint handling mechanisms. He cited problems created by the Bureau’ s "W ounded Knee” occupation, as well as "official excesses” against activities in the black civil rights movement. "There are persons on the South Dakota Indian reservations who perceive it to be the mission o f the FBI to suppress dissent and radical political activity on the part o f the Indian people, rather than to act as an impartial investigative agency,” he said in testimony. The com m ission asked that the FBI Charter A ct o f 1979 include provisions to insure that a formal com plaint processing system be developed, that affected communities be told how it works, and that all complainants be told in writing o f the receipt o f their complaints and their final dispostion. Also, that the FBI be required to compile and monitor statistics on types o f complaints it receives. SKITIKUK OUTFITTERS Specialists in Wilderness Travel SALES - RENTALS - GUIDE SERVICE Featuring IGAS Island Packs and Travelling G e a r COME BY AND SEE US WIDE-EYED Frannie Bailey, daughter of Joseph and Grace Bailey of Pleasant Point, met with Santa last Christmas, in this photo lent by Maxwell Barnes of Pleasant Point. Mr. Claus hails from Eastport. 38 Main St. O ro n o 866-4878 �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Apprentice program trains toward career INDIAN ISLAND — “This program is a one-of-a-kind, both for what w e’ doing re here and the apprenticeship program,” said Richard “Dick” Hagenbuch, in charge of a new approach in giving young men a lease on life. Hagenbuch’ mechanics course is more s than how to fix motors. It is a way to recover from drop-out status; to build selfconfidence and at the same time build the ability to earn a living. The course isn’ easy for ten students t enrolled (only one drop-out as of press time). It takes three years to com plete the full curriculum, but when done, students will receive certification from a national board. “To get that diploma they will have to pass the tests that are given by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence,” said Hagenbuch. That means an 80 per cent average in four out of six categories of study. “You don’ want a bunch of numnuts out there t working on your car,” says Hagenbuch, 45, a Washington, D.C. native who has operated his own shop. The apprentice program is conducted in the state Indian Affairs building at the Penobscot reservation, and was recently certified by the Maine Department of Vocational Education and federal Depart ment of Labor. A $25,000 special grant from the Governor’ discretionary fund s got the program rolling last fall. Hagenbuch said a proposal seeking $400,000 is in the works. Participants in the apprenticeship pro gram get paid $3.10 per hour, for a 40-hour week. Chrysler Corporation and General Motors have contributed engines to work on, and textbooks. Dead River Company of Maine chipped in $1,000. Hagenbuch has been living in a cramped backroom of the Indian Affairs building, beside his paintings. His wife and five children are still in Houlton, where Hagen buch taught at Southern Aroostook Vo cational. He commutes weekends. Despite the hardships, which include discipline and a lot of back talk from students, he is enthusiastic about his job. Probably the best insight into the apprenticeship program is through the apprentices, who talked with this re porter. Calvin Francis, 22, said “the class, I think/is smart and we learn a lot. I was living in Connecticut, and I didn’ per t sonally like the city and the way people treated each other. I always wanted to be a mechanic. It keeps us off the streets. It keeps us out of trouble." Mike Murphy, at 17 just below the specified 18-30 age range for the program, commented, “I was working on YACC (Young Adult Conservation Corps at Indian Island) and I knew there wasn’ t any future in that, so I saw this program and came down and signed up,” he said, adding that “it doesn’ mean I’ make this t ll my trade. I want to learn a lot of things.” Ron Lacasse, another student, said simply, “I think this program’ going to s help me with my future.” Enrolled along with Lacasse, Murphy and Francis are Danny Francis, Tom Burns, Steve Hamilton, Everett Loring, Richard Loring, Richard Sapiel and Timo thy (Neptune) Shay. Penobscots place in foot race BANGOR — The coach’ son on the s Andrew Sockalexis — named after a famous Penobscot Indian runner — Track Team, placed first in a recent race here. Chris Ranco of Indian Island won the boys and girls under age 10 division in, 22 minutes, 26 seconds over a 5-kilometer course. Chris is the son of Indian Island’ s track team coach, Michael Ranco. The race was sponsored by St. Joseph’ Hospital. s Jamie Knapp, son of Cheryl Knapp of Indian Island, also placed. Another winner, in the 40-and-over category, was Jeannette LaPlante, a Pen obscot, from Old Town, whose time was 23:15. tucnara nagenDucn, lelt, mechanics program instructor, oversees Penobscot students as they re-assemble an automobile engine they have refurbished. Students learii by doing, and if they make a mistake, they try it again. Opinion Where is white man's honor? by Debbie Ew er We used his language,his religion, his My people w ere free and happy. We culture. We learned to use his laws. We called each other brother. W e had a learned to educate ourselves. We learned simple, carefree way of life. W e w ere good to stand up and say, “We are not dumb. people. We w ere brave and honest. There W e are your equals. We are your was no stealing. When one person brothers.” admired another’ bow or moccasins w e s Where was his honor? Where was his simply gave them to that person. fear? We knew. It was there grow ing in Then came the white man. He taught us his mind. to be wary of our brothers. H e taught us W e challenged him. In his laws, in his to cheat and steal. H e taught us to scalp courts. W e wanted back our land, our our brother. He taught us w e w ere not spirit. He says this cannot be. What his free and happy. father did was long ago. It was not him. Where was the white man’ honor? How can we blame him for the actions of s W here was his love for his brother? We his father? did not know. . Where is his honor now? This we do not One day he would call us brother. The know. next day he would rape our wom en and EDITOR’ NOTE: Debbie Ewer, a S murder our children. He stripped us of our Penobscot, attends Bangor Community land. He said it does not belong to all, only College. She is married, the m other of to one man. three children, and lives in Old Town.. W here was his honor? W here was his truth. W e did not know. He put us on reservations. If the land CAN’ FIND A JOB? T turned out to b e good, he put us someplace else. He took away our language, our religion, our spirit. And then he called us brother. He gave to us his culture, his religion, his language. And then he called us dumb. Where was his honor? W here was his love for all people, who he called equal? W e did not know. Would you like to be trained as a ... Bookkeeper Secret ary/Stenographer Clerk Typist Nursing Assistant If you are 16 to 21 and not in school, v the Penobscot Job Corps Center has trainin g programs which may be of interest to you. The Penobscot Job Corps Center provides all trainees with a place to Job Openings live, meals, health care and a cash monthly stipend while you learn. And OUTREACH WORKER when you finish, w e’ also help you ll Central Maine Indian Association find a job. (CMIA) seeks CETA-qualified appli SOUND GOOD? cants to fill three positions o f Outreach IT JS GOOD'. worker in its organization. An oppor ASK FOR JOB CORPS tunity to work with and for Indian — in the Portland area— 775-7225 people. — in the Auburn area— 786-4190 — in the Bangor area— 947-0755 For further information, contact: — or toll free anywhere in Maine CENTRAL MAINE INDIAN at 1-800-432-7307 ASSOCIATION ASK FOR 95 Main Street JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT Orono, Maine 04473 Telephone 207-866-5587 TRY THE Job Corps RUNS IN THE FAMILY — Known for musical talent, the Akins family of Indian Island may produce another musician; young Trevor Akins, son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Akins. His late grandfather, Watie Akins, was a well-known band leader, arranger and composer. His grandmother is Mildred Akins of Indian Island. �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 7 Holmes gets eight-year prison term in Loring case I G O R — W i l l i a m Alt.nn H n l m p s 95? BANGOR — William Alton Holmes, 23, was found guilty of manslaughter recently in Federal District Court, on the heels of last summer’ landmark jurisdiction case s that put Indian territory under federal rule for major crimes. Holmes was convicted in the death of Penobscot Indian, Adrian Loring, 29, who was found stabbed to death at Indian Island, July 14,1979. Holmes was describ ed as an Alabama drifter. He was sentenced by Judge Edward T. Gignoux to eight years in federal prison, following a four day trial that concluded with the jury having dinner in Bangor under guard, then returning to reach their decision. In the final round of arguments, prose cutor James W. Brannigan, a federal attorney, said that on July 13, Adrian Loring was “barely able to walk,” accord ing to Pauline Love of Indian Island. An a n t n n c u showed Loring’ alcohol blood j autopsy eViPT.rarl T s level at .35, Brannigan said. “Is that a guy who’ looking for a fight? s You have to use your common sense, ladies and gentlemen,” Brannigan told the jury, while a courtroom partly filled with interested Indian persons listened. Brannigan said a “love triangle” existed between Loring, Holmes and Eloise Francis of Indian Island. “When Adrian Loring and Eloise Francis turned into that driveway, who was the loser in the love triangle? Unfortunately, Adrian Loring was slashed over the eye and stabbed in the heart,” Brannigan said. According to police officers who arrest ed Holmes near Indian Island bridge. Holmes repeated, “Is he dead, is he dead? I never cut anyone before. H e was like a brother;” Later, Holmes allegedly re marked, (it was) “all over a bitch; I hope she’ happy now.” s Tribal affluence leads to Northeast Bank branch PRINCETON — Although it’ the s smallest branch of the business, the new offices of Northeast Bank here stand to prosper. That’ because of the major reason s Northeast decided to risk opening a branch in this tiny border town: the nearby Passamaquoddy Tribe at Indian Township. The million-dollar business of running the tribe, plus millions of dollars an ticipated through settlement of land claims, figured greatly in the decision by Northeast Bankshares President Halsey Smith, and top officials, to locate an office in Princeton. Of course, as Princeton Town Manager David Holt points out, pulpwood and timber are still the bulk of industry in the area, and Georgia-Pacific is the major em ployer in the region. (The Passamaquoddy Lumber Company, employing 70 persons, is expected to be purchased by the tribe through settlement monies.) The bank branch opened last spring, after a survey was completed and a petition drive undertaken. Holt said Suellen Speed Earlier in +-u„ trial. Holmes +__ u „ the testified he, Loring and Francis drank alcoholic bever ages starting about 10 a.m., and consumed various narcotics, including a pain-killer tab obtained from a dentist, marijuana, “angel dust” and the animal tranquilizer PCP. Gignoux said he found the amount of drugs and alcohol Holmes claimed he consumed was not. believeable. Warren M. Silver, Bangor lawyer representing Holmes, told the jury in a sarcastic tone, “poor Adrian Loring. “W e don’ know what happened because t we weren't there. Only William Holmes and Eloise Francis” know for sure. Silver said. He told the jury, “w e’ re only guessing, ladies and gentlemen.” Silver painted a picture of Loring as violent. “When Adrian Loring said to him (Holmes), T m going to beat your brains out,’ he (Holmes) had to take him very seriously," the defense lawyer said. At one point. Silver reminded the jury that witnesses who had taken the stand, including Eloise Francis, had been drink ing the morning of the day they testified. “You’ decide if someone who com es to ll U.S. District Court drinking is someone you can believe,” Silver said. His closing argument centered on the “many evidences of the victim’ violence,” s and that Holmes, with one arm, acted in self-defense. Brannigan disputed the “guessing” Silver referred to. Holmes sat calmy beside Silver, leaning back in his chair, occasionally rubbing his eyes. He was easily distinguishable with his one arm. Gignoux reminded the jury, prior to their deliberations, that they need not have a “mathematical certainty" of guilt, but must have a “strong and abiding con viction” of Holmes’ guilt or innocence. “Neither sympathy nor prejudice should enter your deliberations,” the ju dge instructed the jury. Gignoux explained that manslaughter is “without malice,” whereas a murder charge implies malice. Manslaughter covers a death resulting from “the heat of passion or a sudden quarrel.” C ey P c h r ls la e Now open for business. Selling novelties, toys, games, clothes, jewelry, small appliances, etc. There is a 10% discount for Native Americans, either bring this ad or your hunting and fishing license for verification. W e will donate $1.00 to Wabanaki Alliance for every person that brings this ad and spends $5.00 or more. OPEN FOR BUSINESS! David Holt P a ssam aqu odd y tribal o fficial R o ger Gabriel co-operated in efforts to attract Northeast. The bank’ nearest branches s are located in Machias and Lincoln. Two other banks rejected Princeton; one of them was Merrill Trust Company, it was revealed. Bank branch manager Suellen Speed said she was not at liberty to disclose statistics about accounts, but acknow ledged, “we carry a lot of Indians.” Speed, who started at the branch as teller, said T m sure it will survive.” There are now three tellers. Finally, after dinner at Benjamin’ s Tavern, the 12-member jury plus four alternates returned to the courtroom. In dividually polled, the jurors had reached their verdict: guilty. Silver sought to have bail set for his client, but Brannigan argued that “the defendent has no roots . . . under the circumstances, there should be no bail.” Gignoux concurred. Firefighters train PLEASANT POINT - Three Passa maquoddy Indians from this reservation recently completed firefighting training at Northern Maine Vocational Technical Institute (NMVTI). They were Fire Chief Maxwell “Chick” Barnes, Billy Barnes and Gilbert Tomah. The Barnes’were attend ing their second year, Tomah his first year of the two-week course. Summer recreation available for kids If any parents would be interested in having their children participate in the Central Maine Indian Association summer recreation program this coming summer, please notify 'the CM IA office as soon as possible. Telephone 866-5587/5588. SPECIAL W INTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR SEASONAL WORKERS A T T E N T IO N You or someone you know may be eligible for a new winter assistance program for seasonal and migrant workers. This program is basically for in dividuals and families who have not received the regular fuel assistance that the state o f Maine has offered this winter. YOU MAY BE ELIGIBLE IF: 1 You or someone in your family has worked at least 25 days in the last two years in seasonal agriculture, woods work, fishing, clamming, fish packing, fir tipping, or other seasonal farm, fish or forest occupations. This includes clamdigging, berry raking, potato pick ing, haying, working as a woodcutter on someone else’ land or cutting wood s on your own land, work in food pro cessing plants that is not year round, etc. If you are not sure whether your work qualifies you, get in touch and ask. WHAT KINDS OF ASSISTANCE ARE AVAILABLE? Under this program you may receive assistance which will enable you to pay for the following kinds of items and services: 1. FUEL (any kind, including wood, oil, kerosene, coal) 2. UTILITY BILLS which are due or overdue 3. LP GAS 4. WARM CLOTHING AND BLANKETS 5. STOVES AND REPAIRS TO FURNACES AND HEATING SYSTEMS 6. FOOD 7. MEDICAL CARE 8. Some RENT ASSISTANCE in in special circumstances If you think you or someone you know may be eligible for the kinds of assistance outlined here, please send a postcard to: ECAP Outreach Worker, Route 1, Box 74-1, Steuben, Maine 04680. Give your name, address and phone (if you have one). Or call: 5467293 or toll free in Maine at 1-800-4321766 for m ore information. IMPORTANT! YOU MUST APPLY BEFORE JUNE 30, 1980. �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 State ratifies claim s bill (Continued from page 1 ) the Senate. He compared it to appendici tis, saying that if he was given a 40 per cent chance of dying if he didn’ have his t appendix out, he would have it out. He was referring to the 60-40 win-lose odds the state would face if it took the claims to court, according to James D. St. Clair, lawyer for the state. Collins, tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen and state Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen fielded questions during a Senate caucus at the state house. Attempts to bring the claims to a refer endum vote by Maine citizens failed; first in the Senate, when Sen. Howard Trotzky of Bangor lost a bid for referendum by 16-13; later in the House, when Rep. John M. Norris of Brewer brought a motion for referendum that was defeated 97-42. The actual bill had to b e voted on twice in both chambers, first for passage, then for enactment. In the Senate, the vote was 19-9 to pass, 17-10 to enact. In the House, 87-51, to pass, and 84-47, to enact. Emotions reached peaks during debate in the House and Senate. In the House, Rep. Antoinette C. Martin of Brunswick said the bill is the least that could be done for Indians, who have a history of being mistreated. On the other hand, Rep. James T. Dudley of Enfield said there would be violence in his District, and someone might drop a match and burn down the woods, with Indians as neigh bors. Tureen was overhead between votes as saying, “If they don’ go for it, then we’ t ll go for it.” Border protest Maliseets, with support from other tribes, spent a day of protest this month at the Canadian border near Fort Fairfield, Maine. About 80 Indians, led [above] by Wayne Nicholas and wife, Kathy, of Tobique R eserve [New Brunswick], demonstrated their objection to deportation of a Maliseet, and other Jay Treaty violations. The treaty says Indians may freely cross border, but Canada never ratified it. U.S. Customs is at right; marchers crossed and re-crossed border without incident. Supreme Court declines appeal WASHINGTON — The U.S. Supreme Court has refused to take up an appeal by the State of Maine of last summer’ s Sockabasin-Dana case, in which a state supreme court ruled that Indian reserva tions are not subject to state jurisdiction. The convictions for arson of Passamaquoddy tribal members Albert C. Dana and Allen J. Sockabasin were overturned by the state’ highest court in July 1979, s in a decision that bolstered the tribe’ s pending land claims. Dana and Sockabasin went free, follow ing the landmark ruling, but now that the federal court has refused to hear the appeal by Maine, they could possibly face court action again. Dana and Sockabasin were convicted for attempting to burn the Indian Township elementary school in 1977. After the supreme court declined the appeal, tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen commented, “w e’ very pleased and feel re much vindicated.” Maine Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen, on the other hand, admitted he was “som e what disappointed." Indian Island painting removed for restoration INDIAN ISLAND — An 18th century painting of the Crucifixion, a fixture at St. Tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, left, chats with state Sen. Dana C. Devoe of Orono, Ann’ Catholic Church for decades, was ju st prior to Senate vote on land claims settlement bill. s removed this month by Maine State Museum personnel. When the painting returns some months hence, it will glow with the results of a tedious restoration process that will begin in Cooperstown, N.Y., under the hands of experts. An estimated $10,000 will be invested, according to the Rev. John Civiello of St. Ann’ Church. In s charge of the delicate operations is Dr. Richard Michael Gramly, a Museum employee. Gramly said the Museum is glad to help out the Penobscot tribe. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Owned Homes For Sole in Washington County Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY ANYONE CAN BUY YOU DON’ HAVE TO T BE A VETERAN See Your Local Real Estate Broker Or Contact LAST INDIAN — Seventy-year-old Charles Bernard says he is “the only Indian left” at St. Brasile Reserve in Canada, near Madawaska, Maine. There are about 60 persons at the reserve, but they are not really Indian, he says. A widower and retired variety store proprietor in Edmundston, Bernard bought his customized van-camper so he could go “freewheelin’ around.” He has two daughters, in Boston and Gary, Indiana; and two sons, in Nashua, N.H., and Edmundston . . . and a “tribe” of grandchildren. Rt. 1. Houlton Road, Woodland 3 bedroom, garage — $28,000.00 — $500.00 D.P. Main Street, Princeton 4 bedroom, garage, $29,500.00 — $500.00 D.P. No. Lubec Road, Lubec 3 bedroom, garage — $31,500.00 $500.00 D.P. 9 Academy Street, Calais 4 bedroom, ready to m ove into — $29,000.00 - $500.00 D.P. All VA fiananced 14% interest rate VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 9 Accident rate can be reduced PLEASANT POINT — Only two per cent of accidents occur through so-called Acts of God, while 82 per cent are caused by unsafe acts, and 16 per cent by unsafe conditions. A group of interested Passamaquoddy Indians here heard that message, and others about safety, at a lecture by Ralph Zotigh and Edward Naranjo, principals in National American Indian Safety Council — their own outfit that prom otes safety among tribes. The pair recently made the rounds of Maine’ Indian communities. s Zotigh, an Oklahoma Kiowa, did m ost of the talking. He said several years ago his group had a staff of 14; now it’ just s Naranjo and himself. He still believes in what he is doing, and he made a pitch for financial support from the tribe. “You know, I really respect my older people for their faith and belief, but doggone it, you have to do m ore than that. They believe that accidents are bound to happen. Let them happen. I say no way,“ Zotigh told the group in the tribal building gymnasium. “I went into one house and it was very hot. I looked at the thermostat and it was set at 85 degrees. These people didn’ t know what a thermostat was for. You can’ blame people for not knowing. It’ t s our place to train them,” Zotigh said. “I’ going to convince everyone of you m that you can take part in safety," he added. “We have to take a lot of time to gain the confidence and trust of the people. It’ pretty hard to come in cold and s talk about safety . . . the accident rate on Indian reservations is just way too high,” he said. Attending the session were recreation director Linwood Sapiel, health planner Mary Altvater, janitor Gladys Soctomah, tribal official Chick Barnes; Vergie Trott, Dotty Francis and Andrea Dana, all of Young Adult Conservation Corps; com munity mental health worker Barbara Newell, clinic assistant Kay Nicholas, community health representative Beatrice Soctomah, truck driver Harold Socobasin, aquaculture worker Louis J. Paul, treat ment plant operator James Barnes, truck er Melvin Francis, counselor Grace Rod erick and tribal clerk Ruby Richter. “It’ pretty hard to evaluate our s program,” conceded Zotigh. “Did we prevent 100 accidents? W e do feel we’ re doing good. W e’ been to nearly every ve state in the U.S. and Alaska. After we leave here there’ no follow-up." s Newlyweds Patrick and Isabelle Shay cut the cake. Toney, Shay wed in traditional rite INDIAN ISLAND — Patrick Shay and Isabelle Knockwood Toney w ere united in marriage, March 25, at home, in a tradi tional Penobscot ceremony, at sunset. The ceremony was taken from a book by Shay's great grandfather, Joseph Nicola, author of the recently reprinted Life and Traditions of the Red Man. Mary Byers of Indian Island performed the ceremony, with Stanley Neptune and Carol Dana, both of Indian Island, as witnesses. Ringbearer was Karl Toney, son of Isabelle Toney. Her daughter Franni Toney, and three grandchildren, w ere also present. The bride has four children by a previous marriage; the bridegroom has one son, Timothy (Neptune) Shay. A reception and social dance took place at the Indian Island school gym, and a circle wedding dance was done to the beat of the drum. Health panel meets in Bangor Ralph Zotigh, Kiowa Indian, lectures on safety. Basketry book off the press CALAIS — A 28-page book called “Baskets of the Dawnland People” has been published by Project Indian Pride, a division of Maine Indian Education. The colorfully illustrated and descrip tive booklet was compiled by Joseph A. Nicholas, a Passamaquoddy, with help from Indian Township Bilingual Program, and Robert Abbe Museum, Mt. Desert Island. Nicholas has displayed many styles of basketry in this book, including pie baskets and melon baskets. Pie baskets w ere once used by state officials as gifts to visiting dignitaries. The materials used in weaving baskets, such as brown ash, sweetgrass, and handmade tools, are shown. So are som e of the experts, among them Eugene Francis, William Altvater and Delia Mitchell, Passamaquoddies. CMIA staff member on White House panel ORONO — Freeman Morey, an out reach worker for Central Maine Indian Association (CMIA), has been officially appointed to the upcoming White House Conference on Families. Morey is a grad uate of Old Town High School, and a member of the Passamaquoddy tribe. From work to fancy basket, Nicholas’ book provides details of construction, use and history. At one time, he says, the skills of basketry almost died out. Now, basketry is taught in reservation schools. However, Nicholas confides personally that basket-making will in his opinion be a thing of the past in 30 years. Trinket .basket or pack basket, the reader will find it all in this slim book, available from Maine Indian Education, Box 412, River Road, Calais, Maine 04619. Opportunity. Wabanaki Alliance, Maine’ only s Indian newspaper, now offers advertising at reasonable rates. Take advantage o f an opportunity to reach about 3,500 readers — most of them Indian persons — through a display advertisement of your choice. Call or write us for rates and other information. WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 Main St. Orono, Maine 04473 Tel. [207] 866-4903 BANGOR — For the first time ever, National Indian Health Board (NIHB) is holding a board m eeting here. Their three day session at Airport Hilton this month will be followed by a m eeting of United Southeastern Tribes (USET), May 13-15. Jake Whitecrow, NIHB executive direc tor, opened the Bangor m eeting with a statement that “Indian people are very concerned about not receiving any re sponse to any of their resolutions” from the federal government. “W e cannot afford to be lax," he told board members representing Indian tribes from places such as New M exico and Mississippi. Frank Steve, A choctaw, commented, “all of us are here with one purpose, we want to help our people at the local level.” He said Indians must “push hard” for increases in federal aid for tribal pro COMMERCIAL grams, otherwise, help will be “cut off." Whitecrow said that “anytime you want to call the NIHB as of the first of May," he or someone else on the staff will personal ly respond. “In the past, that has been one o f our major problem s in the Indian world, lack of communication.” Assisting communications is a regular publication called NIHB Reporter, edited by John O’ onnor with Renee Parker. C Whitecrow said the newsletter is effective in “hitting them with a 2X4 and making it feel like a feather.” Am ong those attending the Bangor NIHB m eeting w ere Dr. Eunice BaumannNelson, director of Penobscot Health and Social Services, and Penobscot tribal gov ern m en t re p re se n ta tiv e s M ichael Ranco and Francis Sapiel. A tour of the Penobscot Nation was included in the agenda, along with a shrimp dinner. RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL Sockbeson & Son BUILDERS PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS CUSTOM BUILT HOMES/RENOVATIONS CONCRETE WORK/MASONRY FINISH & ROUGH CARPENTRY GENERAL CONTRACTING/SUB-CONTRACTING 942-6630 947-4163 One Merchants Plaza - Bangor �Page 10 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Indian Health Service asks $678.5 million for 1981 W A S H IN G T O N — Indian Health Services administrator, Dr. George Lythcott, testified on behalf o f the IHS at budget hearings held by the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Feb. 19. H is statem en t in clu d e d the following: In fiscal year 1981, a budget o f $678.5 million is being requested for the Indian Health Service, an increase o f $53.7 million over the 1980 level. This request includes $601.8 million for Indian health services and $76.7 million for Indian health facilities. The 1981 budget request for Indian health services includes funds to staff and operate several new facilities opened in 1980 and to serve newly recognized tribes. The 50 Indian Health Service hospitals will provide services to 82.000 inpatients, an increase o f 3,100 over 1980. In addition, the 50 outpatient departments, 104 health clinics and the more than 300 satellite clinics will provide services for 3.4 million outpatient visits, an increase o f 123.000 outpatient visits over the 1980 level. Training will be provided to approximately 300 Indian students for the health professions. In addition, 41 urban Indian health projects, 120 alcoholism programs, and approximately 60 projects to aid Indians to take over management o f their own health services will be supported by the fiscal year 1981 budget request. The 1981 budget request for Indian health facilities will provide for the completion o f a 60-bed hospital at Chinle, Arizona; for the second phase o f construction o f a 60-bed hospital at Tahlequah, Oklahoma; and for the repair and renovation o f health care facilities at Sells, Arizona and Winnebago, Nebraska. Also included in the Indian health facilities budget request is $50.2 million for the provision o f water and sanitation facilities in 6,200 Indian homes. Indian Health Service provides programs for the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot nations in Maine. Oldest resident celebrates birthday INDIAN ISLAND — Sarah C. (Sadie) Ranco, of 10 Center Street, wasn’ t expecting anything for her 84th birthday, April 2. But she said she couldn’ have asked for t anything nicer than a special cake baked in her honor, and served at the Indian Island senior citizens dinner, at the tribal health center. Sadie Ranco is the oldest Penobscot at Indian Island. READY BY SUMMER? — Although Pleasant Point is scheduled to receive several fishing boats to start their fishing fleet, fisherman Arthur Newell decided to build a boat himself. Openings for Indians in natural resources BERKELEY, CA.— University o f California at Berkeley is actively recruiting American Indians and Alaska Natives into the College o f Natural Resources. Various avenues o f approach to the degree are available to students interested in the numerous phases o f natural resource manage ment. Enrollment is still open for FALL, 1980. The Conservation o f Natural R esou rce (CNR) undergraduate program is an interdisciplinary program. The CNR major explores conservation and environmental issues and areas o f interaction among natural resources, populations, technology, societal institutions and cultural values. Applicants interested in applying for the program for the 1980/81 school year are urged to contact our office as soon as possible. W e would also w elcom e any questions or requests concerning the program. Please contact: Holly Halsey-Ami, CNR Indian Liaison College o f Natural Resources University o f California, Berkeley 415/642-3583 (call collect) Nutrition policy should be tailored to Indian groups by Dr. Alan Ackerman The food policy o f the U.S. governm ent tow ard the Indian pop u lation in the 1800’s was associated with the use o f food as a weapon and as a tool o f acculturation. Today the policy issues that need addressing are not military but bureaucratic, related to organization o f delivery o f services to Indian participants, assuring an Indian and Alaskan Native voice into decisions that affect them, and coordination o f the U.S. Department o f Agriculture (USDA) and other federal activities toward Indian populations in the area o f food and nutrition. One major issue which needs to be recognized in discussing policy issues in nutrition for the Native American population is that we are dealing with many separate programs and many separate policies which affect their nutritional conditions. The Special Supplemental F ood Program for W om en, Infants, and C h ildren (W IC), the c o m m o d ity f o o d distribution program, the food stamp program, the Title VII elderly feeding program (under the Older Americans Act o f 1965), the IHS model diabetes care programs, the IHS nutrition and diatetics programs, federal day care and Head Start programs, the B1A sch ool feeding programs, public school lunch and breakfast programs, may all have some impact on the n u t r itio n a l sta tu s o f In d ia n individuals. Many o f these programs are administered by federal agencies and their mandates may differ as to how they deliver services to Indian populations even within a single agency. As such we need to realize that there is no comprehensive federal policy or collection o f policies intended to address the nutritional needs o f the Native American population. W e need to be able to see the mosaic o f programs which together form nutrition services for the Indian population. Policy for Indians? If a national policy is appropriate for American Indians and Alaska Native populations, the net policy must be able to recognize the differences existing between local communities. It is obviously ludicrous to try to have an identical policy for very different Indian groups. For instance, there is no point in sending frozen commodity meat to people lacking even basic refrigeration facilities, nor does it make sense to deny frozen meat to people who could store it in their freezers. Formerly, U SDA had structured its commodity food distribution system so that all Indian communities were to receive the same commodity food items. But, with passage o f the Food Stamp Act o f 1977, this is no longer so; each community can indicate its own preferences in the types o f food it wants from the list o f foods USDA says is available to that community at any particular time. This new flexibility built in through the legislative mandate o f the new food stamp and commodity distribution law, is a significant change in U SDA policy. The recognition o f community differences both in types o f food desired and the uses o f those foods in the community must be extended to other aspects o f the U SDA program. O ne criteria in the design o f nutrition policy for Indians is the recognition that some groups have adequate storage facilities and refrigeration while others d o not. A second point to consider in the delivery o f nutrition services to the American Indian population is one o f local control and coordination o f those services. T o date as I’ ve described, there are num erous available services that could affect the nutrition o f recipients yet these services are not coordinated at the local level, resulting in p oor utilization. A third area o f policy to consider is nutrition education. Those education campaigns directed toward pregnant and lactating mothers, adolescents, children, and infants among the Indian p o p u la t io n n eed to p re se n t information in a form which does not require literacy to understand, but w hich can be strengthened or improved by written information for some members o f the population. Nutrition education among the above groups also needs to direct attention toward specific single behavioral goals. The content o f the four food groups for population who linguistically or culturally d o not group food according to concepts o f m eat and protein, cereal and carbohydrate food s, fruits and vegetables, and milk foods is unlikely to change eating habits. Single behavioral messages which direct individuals to single behavioral goals over a short period o f time may be m ore effective. Once again, local differences must be recognized and nutrition education be allowed to serve other locallydesired goals as long as pursuit o f those goals d o e s not interfere with prom otion o f the nutritional message. Many groups wish to find mechanisms to display their written language for English literate, bilingual speakers who d o not read the native language. Local dual language materials for some tribes may be appealing. Others may wish to strengthen or reestablish certain cultural images and patterns which have been associated with food use. Others wish to promote use o f traditional foods. In order to recognize local differences, U SDA will need to find ways for providing appropriate technical assistance to support local p ro d u ctio n and d istribu tion o f materials. Hopefully, a simple means o f evaluating can also be developed. Government prom otion o f local adaptation and developm ent o f material needs to go beyond the idea o f leaving nutrition education up to local program m an a gers. R a th er governmental programs should set major themes for their educational goals and emphasize local group production o f materials, while at the same time providing the needed financial and technical support. A final point to consider in the structuring o f nutrition policy for Indian populations is that lack o f coordination is not only a problem at the local level, but at the federal level as well. (R eprinted from NIHB) �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 11 Tidal pow er plans explained By Dr. Normand Laberge PLEASANT POINT— The primary requisite for the site selection o f a tidal project is the availability o f a tidal range large enough to deserve further c o n s i d e r a t i o n an d a n a ly s is . Passamaquoddy Bay and Cobscook Bay are two regions where the tidal range is sufficiently large. At the present time, an average tidal range which exceeds eighteen feet is commonly accepted as the lower limit f o r the d e v e lo p m e n t o f an economically and technically feasible project. This does not infer that sites with tidal range less than eighteen feet cannot be proven feasible. However, additional factors would have to exist to counterbalance the lower tidal • range. This discussion will focus on the single-pool method o f development. In the case o f a single-pool project, the generation o f power is very similar to the operation o f a run-of-river hydroelectric plant. The impoundment area is comprised o f one tidal basin which serves as the source o f potential energy. Ideally, the tidal basin "would have a single entrance with a shallow and a narrow opening which would minimize the amount o f material needed for impoundment. Physical components for the project are as follows: (1) rockfill dam with clay core to maintain imperviousness (2) powerhouse, a concrete structure, placed in mid-channel and used to house the turbine, generator, and r e la te d m e c h a n ic a l / e l e c t r i c a l equipment; (3) sluice gates to fill and empty the tidal basin under various conditions; and (4) switching station fo r in te r c o n n e c tio n s with the transmission network. The appearance o f the tidal project will be nearly identical to the rockfill structure (causeway) which presently connects Carlow Island to the Pleasant Point Reservation. The inclusion o f a concrete powerhouse and sluice gates w ould be the only noticeable differences in outward appearance. The operation o f the power plant can probably be best explained by describing the actual procedure em ployed for pow er production. A ssu m in g that the p r o je c t is con stru cted and "o n - lin e ” , the generation o f power would proceed in the following sequence: 1. at high tide, the gates are closed which interrupts the normal exchange from the tidal basin. 2. with time, the level exterior to the tidal basin continues to recede in accordance with the normal behavior o f the tides. 3. a difference between the water elevation o f the tidal basin and Cobscook Bay is thereby formed as a result o f the impoundment; this elevation difference is defined as the hydraulic head which provides the source o f potential power. 4. The basin level remains at its controlled high pool elevation until a sufficient head is built up across the dam; typical values range from 4 feet to 8 feet for long time duration and m a x im u m p o w e r p r o d u c t io n , respectively. 5. Tidal waters are then released through the turbines producing electricity. 6. Power generation continues until the rising level o f Cobscook Bay d ic t a t e s th e t e r m in a t io n o f production; the controlling factor is once again the limiting head which in this case appears between the rising sea level and steadily decreasing basin level. 7. The gates which control the emptying o f the basin are opened completely at the end o f production, this allows the basin level and the C obscook Bay level to equalize. 8. With the gates open the tidal basin is now free to fill to its natural high tide level. This procedure is repeated with every tide for the production o f intermittent electricity. This operating m od e is know n as sin gle-pool p r o d u c tio n from basin-to-sea. Variations to this mode o f operation include sea-to-basin production when related to the square o f the hydraulic head, the amount o f electricity generated from the project will also vary in accordance with the available tidal range as determined by the length o f production time and by the value o f the.hydraulic head. A varying power production level cannot be overcome by any design changes; however, the ^predictability in the magnitude o f tides can still be scheduled years in advance o f actual production. The tides will produce more power for higher tidal ranges and less power for lower tidal ranges---- an inevitable conse quence o f the tidal function. But how much power could be delivered to the area from a project such as Half-Moon Cove.7In this case, the power plant would have an installed capacity o f 8,000 kilowatts (KW) and generate approximately 30,000,000 kilowatt-hour (KWH) o f Poetry Senabeh A map o f his life drawn on his face his eyes sad and slightly stuped His greying hair drawn, back, binded. His walk bending slightly forward, his head full of wisdom partly unused. Red Hawk Untitled The freshest cool air returned me to that night we slept beneath an open window in spring. It stirred inside me like memories o f a million spring nights before so far away so pure. Pancake ice, Cobscook Bay, near Pleasant Point. the occurence o f low tide triggers the p r e p a r a t io n f o r tid a l p o w e r generation. A more sophisticated procedure com bines sea-to-basin operation and basin-to-sea operation; however, a reversible turbine unit would be required for this mode o f operation at an added expense. The tides are a renewable source o f energy that will continue to be available and predictable both in terms o f time and magnitude. The regular tidal function also produces two peculiarities that have to be properly considered in the design o f a tidal power plant. The first concern refers to high tide which occurs fifty minutes later each succeeding day. Since the p ow er p r o d u c tio n s ch ed u le is intrinsically related to the occurence o f high tide, this behavior complicates the integration o f tidal pow er production within the regional network. However, the predictable nature o f the tides makes it possible to prepare a schedule which determines the exact time when tidal power is available for regional demand. It should also be noted that the output from a small project is much more easily absorbed into an electrical network than for large installations. The variations in the tides observed in C obscook Bay during a two-week period can range from 12 feet up to 27 feet. Since the electrical energy produced from a tidal power is directly energy per year. Assuming that a typical household use 6,400 KW H o f electricity annually, the tidal project cou ld theoretically su pply the electrical demands for nearly five thousand homes. This estimate is based on the assumption that tidal power will be used at the same time electricity is produced. In practice, the load demand curve doesn't always coincide with the tidal pow er produ ction schedule. The electrical demands are also continuous and not intermittent like the supply from a single-pool project. Therefore, Half-Moon Cove by itself would be unable to supply the continuous, or base-load, requirements o f the region. Bangor Hydroelectric Company and Eastern Maine Electric Cooperative would still continue to supply their regular service, but complemented by tidal power. If we now assume that the tidal project will be producing power forty percent o f the time, Half-Moon Cove's output would service twelve thousand homes during various times o f the production and load demand schedule. The tidal project could sometimes supply energy for m ost o f Washington County. EDITORS'S NOTE: Dr. Laberge is co-ordinating a planned tidal power demonstration project on Half-Moon C o v e, at the P assam aq u od d y reservation. Red Hawk 1977 Untitled Your eyes shine out from beneath your hair. In that familiar smile I love so much. When I got angry with you one day, I turned around and your face struck me. You were me twenty years ago. Then I remembered to have patience and love in my heart especially for children. bare, chubby child, shy, mischief tangly gleaming hair bright eyes he named you. Red Hawk 1976 �Page 12 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 news Migrant worker aid up for grabs 0R0N0 — Seasonal, migrant farm workers in Maine may find themselves eligible for up to $350 in “em ergency crisis assistance” funds, through a federal program now underway. Maine has received $109,109 from the Community Services Administration, and for those persons m eeting guidelines, the money is available until June 30. Farm work under CSA definitions includes fishing, agricultural crops, livestock, agri cultural processing, and forest-related production. Although primarily for emergency fuel relief, allowable expenditures cover be sides fuel (gas, oil, kerosene, wood, coal and electricity): winter clothing, blankets, rent, food, wood stoves and medical ex penses excluding dental work. For further information contact Larry Lack, Steuben, Maine, by calling Bangor, 947-4155 (collect). Jobs offered in Aroostook County Flashback photo notes Schaghticokes powwow AVON, Mass. — The New England Coastal Schaghticoke Indian powwow is scheduled May 3-4, at Baptist Church hall. North Main Street. Indian dancing and singing are planned, along with refresh ments including traditional fry bread. Hours are Saturday, 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., and Sunday, 1:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. No alcoholic beverages are allowed. Millennia party planned CONCORD, Mass. — A group calling itself “Millennia” plans a ceremonial cele bration of native people (Indians), May 3-4, at Watuppa Reservation. Drumming, singing, dancing, discussions, pot luck food, arts and crafts and a spiritual great circle are on the agenda. For m ore information contact Massa chusetts Commission on Indian Affairs. Clarification A story about a court hearing involving Michael Benete (or Bennett) in last month’ Wabanaki Alliance included a s statement by Bennett that he had asked permission to camp on Indian Island from Tribal Administrator Andrew Akins. Akins said this month the Bennett never made any such request, and that had he done so, Akins would have told him that it was not his (Akins’) authority to grant such permission. PRESQUE ISLE — Aroostook County Action Program, Inc. (ACAP) announces that applications are now available to economically disadvantaged Aroostook County youth for nearly 400 summer jobs in the summer youth employment program. The summer youth employment pro gram is funded through a grant from the (Continued from page 1) Maine Office of CETA Planning. Summer members of the community are forming a employment wall begin on or about June 16, at worksites in public or private non community newsletter, Wolamewakon, profit agencies and corporations and wall .which is Passamaquoddy for truth. In a state of policy the editors have said, “We continue for 8 weeks. Participating youth view the paper as a vehicle of positive will receive the minimum wage for up to 32 hours per week. Enrollees in the change; as a catalyst for improved pro summer youth employment program must grams for children; as an advocate for the segm ent of the reservation who have no be economically disadvantaged in accord voice or do not have the means or experi ance with CETA guidelines and between ence to have their views made known.” 14 and 21 years of age. Applications are available at the Maine Job Service offices, the WIN office, town offices, and at school guidance and prin cipal’ offices. Applications are also avail s JOHN M. MITCHELL able at the three ACAP Employment and INDIAN ISLAND — John M. Mitchell, Training Centers located at 18 Dyer St., 54, former governor of the Penobscot Presque Isle, tel. 764-3721; 794 W. Main Nation and former representafive to the St., Madawaska, tel. 728-6345; and 91Vt Legislature from the Penobscot tribe, died Military St., Houlton, tel. 532-9526. The April 9, 1980 at a Bangor hospital. toll free number to the Presque Isle office Mitchell, a W orld War Tw o veteran of is 1-800-432-7881. A roo sto ok County the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Marines, was youth, 14 to 21 years of age, who feel they a former member of the Orono Kiwanis may meet the income guidelines are en Club and former chairman of the Indian couraged to apply as soon as possible. Island Housing Authority. He was employed as job coordinator for Resources degree the Young Adult Conservation Corps (YACC). option for Indians He is survived by his wife, Dolores ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. - The Univer(Sappier) Mitchell, and two sons. sity of Albuquerque recently established A Mass of Christian Burial was cele its two-year Associate of Science Degree brated at St. Ann’ Catholic Church, s in Resource Management. Indian appli Indian Island. The Rev. John Civiello cants are wanted. officiated. Art Weisel, who coordinates the re source management program and who helped design its content for the Uni versity of Albuquerque, said, “It has SU PPLIES become more difficult — just when it has e d g e 148 P a g e become urgent — for local people every G rip es aired Obituary IN IA CR FT D N A where to control what happens to their natural resources. It has become neces sary to have an understanding o f science and technology, and to apply to it an understanding of business administration methods." For more information on the Associate of Science Degree in Resource Manage ment, contact Art Weisel, University of Albuquerque, St. Joseph Place NW, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87140. CORPUS CHRISTI, many years ago, at Indian Island, was a big event. Seen walking to ceremony, from left, are A gnes Mario, Ada Sockbeson, Mabel Neptune, Yvonne Lola, Margaret Ranco. Henry Sockbeson is at far left, behind the ladies. [Photo courtesy of Mildred Akins]. Judge blocks Alaska offshore oil l ea ses A federal judge issued an injunction Jan. 22 to block the awarding o f oil leases in the Beaufort Sea off the North Slope o f Alaska. Judge Aubrey Robinson, Jr., said the leases cannot be awarded because the government has violated the provisions of environmental legislation and an act pro tecting endangered species. Nine environ mental groups and two Eskimo villages opposed awarding the leases. % WABANAKI CORPORATION ALCOHOLISM COUNSELORS AND THEIR LOCATIONS: Old Town Rosalie Clark 866-5577 Clarence Francis 866-5577 Pleasant Point Grace Roderick 853-2537 Ralph Dana 853-2537 Northern Maine Alfred Dana 866-5577 Caribou Area Pious Perley 532-7317 Harriet Perley 532-7317 Portland Area George Paul 499-7589 Indian Township Bernard Stevens 796-2301 James Mitchell 796-2301 _ . , For free catalog, write Dept. 4 ® ___ _ R fY Trade Beads, Tin Cones, Brass Beads. Moire Tafleta Ribbon, Ermine Skins, Bone Elk Teeth, Shawl Fringe and Ybm. O W L m Indian Craft Manufacturing Co. ^ \J 5 0 -Q 2 Beaver Rd. Jamaica,N Y 212 5 2 6 -3 8 6 0 / Dig in! HARDWARE & GUM SHOP TOM VICAIRE, Proprietor The only Indian-owned hardware business in the State o f Maine “W e’ eager to do business with people re in the Indian community,” says Tom. The store carries a full line o f tools, electrical and plumbing supplies, paint and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine new and used guns. See Our Garden Supplies and Tools For all your hardware and hunting needs, visit — MATTAWAMKEAG HARDWARE & GUN SHOP and sample some good Indian hospitality and service. Keep in touch . . . Subscribe now! M AIL T O W ABAN AK I ALLIANCE, 95 M AIN STR EET, O R O N O , M A IN E 04473 W A B A N A K I A L L IA N C E S U B S C R I P T IO N F O R M (Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance) rn tfc Cata| 0g The w orld's largest Indian Crafts Catalog. Mere than 4,000 Items to choose tram! Recently, a joint sale by the Alaskan State Government and the Federal Government of rights to drill on 800 square miles o f the Beaufort Sea floor produced bids of over $ 1 billion. Name ............. ^ . Street .................. I EN CLOSE: 1 1 for one year $5 ....... 1 1 ___ (Individual— U.S.) 1 for one year $6 1___1 _ (Canada) I$10 for one year 1__ 1 _ (Institutional rate) City/Town and State . ......................................... [Donation (Amount) Zip Code --- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (April 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-444 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/81c3e1c21d18edcb1a6cd00bf4596858.pdf b9bf8d65c05f0fa30b8f449f96d7dde7 PDF Text Text ^r/rn s M AR 31 Wabanaki Alliance . “ R e ':S > ‘M “ H TOg Published by Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. 67110 -' 1 I U MM "'’5 ^ April 1980 Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473. ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED State passes claims bill The “ white chiefs” confer in Augusta on the day the Legislature passed the Indian land claims settlement act. From left, Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen, Sen. Bennett D. Katz, Augusta, tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen. The S81.5 million settlement now faces Congressional action. See front page story. G.M. Mitchell su e s for $350,000 INDIAN ISLAND — Former Wabanaki Corporation Director George M. Mitchell has filed suit in Penobscot County Superior Court for damages totaling $350,000 in connection with his firing from his job one year ago. The directors held an em ergency m eet­ ing, April 18, at Indian Island, to discuss the suit. A former commissioner of Indian Af­ fairs for the state, Mitchell, a Penobscot, lost his job after he had made an un­ successful run for governor of the Penob­ scot Nation. The alcoholism and drug abuse agency’ board of directors sent s Mitchell a letter in February 1979 telling him he was fired for “ excessive involve­ ment in tribal politics, and inefficient handling of staff employees,”according to the suit. Named as defendants in the suit are Wabanaki Corp., and board mem bers Russell Socoby, Albert Dana, Melvin Vicaire, Francis Sapiel. Richard Hamilton, Ralph Dana, Terry Polchies, Ramona Stackhouse and Allen Sockabasin. Mitchell subsequently asked for a hearing on his termination, which took place March 21,1979. A vote was allegedly taken dropping the charges against Mitchell at that meeting. Then,, the suit alleges, at the request of Allen Socka­ basin, a Passamaquoddy, another vote was taken declaring the hearing invalid because evidence was not presented. On March 29, another hearing was held, and Wabanaki directors voted to uphold the firing. Mitchell claims he did not receive due process. H e seeks relief of $100,000 on the first count. In a second count seeking $100,000, Mitchell says he suffered “ mental and emotional upset, humiliation and anguish.” A third count alleges breach of contract and violation of rights, and asks $100,000 in compensatory damages, and $50,000 in punitive damages. AUGUSTA — The mandate wasn’ t overwhelming — in fact at one point it looked like defeat for the tribes — but the Maine Legislature this month passed L.D. 2037, an act to settle the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims. The entire settlem ent has been sent to Washington for Congressional action. Gov. Joseph Brennan, longtime foe of the land claims in his years as attorney general, signed the bill that could end a decade of negotiations and threatened litigation by the tribes. Brennan said the bill will “ the foundation to create a lay new era of special relationship with our Indian neighbors, making them full-fledg­ ed citizens, giving them an opportunity to live in dignity.” Maine has no financial obligation under the claims agreement, and it remains to be seen if Congress, which must foot the $51.5 million cost of the plan, will vote final approval in the next couple of months. The Maine Congressional delegation has reportedly told the tribes it will push for ratification, but costs — particularly the $200 or so per-acre price to be paid large landowners — may be questioned in Washington. The entire settlem ent could be signed into law by the President by June. Fire flattens house INDIAN ISLAND — A fire of suspici­ ous origin burned an old home to the ground this month, and also damaged a nearby trailer. Tribal authorities said the blaze ap­ peared to be a case of arson. Destroyed was a vacant house owned by Paul Francis, Sr. Forced to m ove from their mobile home were Doug* Shirley Francis and their baby. In a day and one half, both the Senate and the House ratified the $81.5 million negotiated resolution of the original 12.5 million acre claim. The package would provide for purchase of 300,000 acres from major landholders who have agreed to sell; a $27 million trust fund, and 5,000 acres for Maliseet Indians in the Houlton area. The Penobscots and Passamaquoddies will divide the land and money equally, if Congress approves the settlement. Micmac Indians, the other major tribe in Maine, have no share in the settlement. State Sen. Samuel W. Collins of Rock­ land, who chaired a joint select committee on the claims agreement with Rep. Bonnie Post of Owls Head, presented the bill to (Continued on page 8) Bill en a cted to aid tribes AUGUSTA — An eleventh-hour m ove in the Legislature secured transi­ tional funds for the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes, through em er­ gency legislation. The $285,315 will bridge a gap between the end of state Department of Indian Affairs services and aid to the now federally recognized tribes, and the start-up of federal support. Lastminute lobbying efforts got the bill passed, to cover the period July 1,1980 to Jan. 31,1981. The Senate at first tied at 14-14 on passage, but the bill prevailed in a second vote, 14-12. The House passed the emergency measure, 109-20. Passamaquoddies air gripes about tribal government by Bill O’ Neal PLEASANT POINT — Vexed by ap­ parent failure of tribal government to let reservation people know what it is doing, a“ people’committee" has been formed to s obtain financial and operational account­ ing of tribal government activities. Repeated frustration over alleged fail­ ures of tribal council to m eet publicly sparked the committee’ formation. Ac­ s cording to Ralph Dana, one of several people starting the protest, when another council m eeting scheduled in January looked as though it would not be held, people decided, “ don’give a damn if We t the governor and council show, w e’ hold ll a m eeting anyway.”Only tw o councilors attended, Dana said. The people’committee grew out of that s meeting, as did a petition which asked the tribal government to answer a number of Lt. Governor Cliv Dore told Wabanaki questions about the way it is conducting its activities. The petition was signed by Alliance that the tribe is around $100,000 in debt, primarily due to housing con­ 85 eligible voters. “ order for a community to be cohe­ struction overruns. In sive,” Dana remarked, “ you have to Dana complained, “ don’ know of any I t involve it in decisions. It boils back down municipality where no financial reports to secrecy.” One source said that often the are released; where people are not council itself is not aware of or does not allowed to know. W e want to know what is understand what the governor and Lt. happening to all this money for economic governor are doing. development.” Amid rumors that Pleasant Point is Another concern voiced by committee deeply in debt, the petition requested a complete disclosure to the tribe of its members was that Governor Newell was allegedly seldom to be found at the tribal financial status. A lth ou gh G o v ern or Robert Newell reportedly readily agreed community building. Many complained to this, no report has been released, yet. that he seem ed m ore interested in his One committee m em ber said a financial logging operation than his job as gover­ office was to be set up where any tribal nor, making it almost impossible to m eet member could view the records thorough­ with him. One committee member ex­ pressed confidence that Newell was an ly, but that this has not been done. able leader, but was not satisfied with his attendance. Tribal officials have reportedly ex­ plained Newell’ absences as necessary s because of the pressures and tension of the office. Newell could not be reached by phone for comment, although he was in the community building at the time. Other concerns mentioned involve hous­ ing, problems of vandalism and reserva­ tion jurisdiction, an accounting of stumpage monies for wood taken from tribal land, and high reservation unemployment. Several people charged that nepotism is a major factor in deciding who gets jobs and new housing. In apparent dissatisfaction with lack of communication between tribal govern­ ment and the people it serves, some (Continued on page 1 2) �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 editorials Spring flight Spring is a fitting time for Wabanaki Alliance to begin seeking the financial support o f its readers. In this season o f rebirth and optimism many other fledglings will be leaving their nests and flying off. trying to make it on their own. After more than two-and-a-half years in the nest, it is time for the paper to try its wings. For more than two years now the staff o f Wabanaki Alliance has worked in the belief that the paper is wanted and needed in the Indian community. Charging subscriptions is the ultimate leap o f faith in that belief. With the land claims settlement approaching, the tribes will soon be able to make self-sufficiency more than a Bureau o f Indian Affairs buzz word. It is appropriate that their newspaper move in that direction as well. Even if everyone on Wabanaki Alliance’ old mailing list s subscribed (about 3,000 people), only one-third o f our budget would be covered. Increased advertising might bring that figure up to half, but total independence from seeking grants is well down the road. The importance o f subscriptions extends beyond budgetary necessity. Each new subscription is like a vote o f confidence for the paper and encourages the staff to work even harder to merit that trust. Sensible census The 1980 census may seem like a pain in the neck; just one more form, one more questionnaire to fill out. W ho cares? We all should. Especially Indian people. For too long, reservation Indians and Indians elsewhere have “ not counted,” in more ways than one. The census is not going to invade one's privacy, or in­ vestigate on e’ personal affairs. But it may help the lives o f Indian s people, because statistics drawn from the census can be used in justifying grants, programs and other beneficial activity. So, stand up and be counted, as the saying goes. We urge Indians not to resist this particular government action. Responding to the census is one way to say “ yes, we exist.”There is a specific place to check off “ American Indian.” D on’be discounted. t An od d parallel University o f Maine Prof. Ronald Banks was killed last spring in a mugging incident in New Orleans (the murder had nothing to do with Banks work so far as is known). Banks was involved in researching the state’argument that the 1794 Nonintercourse Act did not apply s to Maine tribes. The Act says all treaties with Indians must be ratified by Congress — not the case in Maine history. In the 1700’ a-Boston land speculator named Samuel W aldo s, placed a plaque at Head o f Tide (Bangor), declaring the surrounding Penobscot lands conquered. With him was Lord Westbrook, who burned an Indian village at Old Town and later died a pauper in 1744. But what o f Waldo? When he put the plaque in place, he dropped dead. 'Cindy, your mother is gone' by Cindy Hood It was a h ot and beautiful sum m er day. I was o u t celebrating m y birthday o n June 15 with all m y girl friends. W e w ent swimming, b o a t riding, having a great time. D ebbie cam e o v er to where I was sitting. S h e asked m e if I wanted to g o o u t dancing at Stacey’ s o I told s, her I had to g o h om e and change my cloth es and get a baby-sitter. D ebby said all right, we will all ride h om e with you. W e all g o t in to m y car and started for m y hom e. W e w ere all singing son gs and telling jo k es to each other. W e g o t h om e and w ent into m y house. I to ok a shower, changed m y clothes, and got a baby-sitter. Just before we were leaving the house, the ph one rang. M y cousin, Belinda, answered it and told m e m y father wanted to talk to me. S o I g o t o n the phone, and m y father was crying. I asked him what was wrong, and he said to me, "C indy, you r m oth er is gone,” and I said, " G o n e where?” H e said, "Y ou r Wabanaki Alliance m oth er ju st passed away.”I hung up the p h o n e and ran over to m y m oth er’ s house, ran right into her bedroom . I fou n d her o n the bed look in g up at the ceiling, lying there, n o t m aking a sound. I tried to wake her up. I guess I was in shock; I ju st co u ld n ’ believe t that m y m oth er was gone. All m y aunts and uncles were there with m e trying to give m e com fort. I g o t through it all with m y friends and family to keep me going, bu t even today I think about that day she died. I loved m y m other very much. Sh e was always there when I needed her. She helped m e o u t a lot when m y husband walked o u t o n me and m y tw o daughters. She loved her grandchildren with all her heart, and gave them love and com fort. W e often think abou t her and h ow she loved us. E D IT O R ’ N O T E : C indy H ood, S 22, is a resident o f Indian T ow n sh ip and a student at Bangor C om m u n ity C ollege. Her mother, M ary May Larrabee, died in June 1979. Vol. 4, No. 4 April 1980 Published monthly by the Division o f Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Orono Times. Printed by Ellsworth American. Member — Maine Press Association Steven Cartwright, Editor William O’ Neal, Associate Editor Mary T. Byers Brenda Polchies Roberta Richter Kathy Tomah Reporters Indian Island Houlton Pleasant Point Indian Township DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree | chairman] Carroll Stevens, Central Maine Indian Assoc. John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Jeannette LaPlante. Central Maine Indian Assoc. Clair Sabattis, Assn, of Aroostook Indians David A. Francis, Public Safety Department Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Phone 827-4543 Phone 532-7317 Phone 853-4654 Phone 796-2301 Indian Island Drrington Pleasant Point Indian Township Indian Island Indian Township Old Town Houlton Pleasant Point Houlton DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri­ butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; 56 Canada and overseas; $10 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.] �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 3 letters Discrimination Letter from Finland Pori, Finland To the editor: My name is Chris Nevalainen and my pro­ fession is headwaiter. The dearest hobby for me has always been reading, writing and whatever concerns the English language. Naturally this has helped me a lot in my work in the restaurant. I’ like to let you know that in 1974 a fine d ship called T.V. State o f Maine visited the Capital o f Finland, Helsinki for a few days and I was fortunate enough to be able to see all the quarters on board. One o f the souvenirs I got was the Wabanaki Alliance being published by your Center and I have studied this magazine carefully during the past days for I have always liked people no matter where they come from — that is to say 1 find them all FOLLOWING TRADITION - David Sanipass, 21, and friend Garry Gallagher, my fellowmen. Micmacs, pound ash for basketmaking. [Sanipass Photo] The history of people has attracted me for a long time and the activities and the culture o f the Indians especially. Seeks sw eetgra ss If possible. I’ appreciate one or two d Great little paper recent copies o f Wabanaki Alliance. Portsmouth, Va. To the editor: Then I have another matter to present to Our Title IV program needs a source to To the editor: you: this year I joined the International purchase ash and sw eetgrass for our Enclosed is my contribution, and please Foundation o f Lions Clubs and I am most student and parent groups. Can any of start my subscription as soon as possible. anxious to contact other “ brothers”abroad your readers be of any assistance. I live in Portsmouth, Va., and your through correspondence on Lions affairs. If you have any information that would paper will be a great way to keep in touch. Loves the paper In case there are Lions among your people be helpful to our program, please contact I discovered the paper was still being would you please ask them to write and tell To the editor: me at this address — published on a visit home last week. me the latest news o f their district. Thank Will you please send me the newspaper. Charlene D. Pully I am looking forward to your next issue. you so much. I am Carol Wilcox’ mother. But she and s Flint Indian Education I also think the Wabanaki Alliance is a So in the beginning of the new decade let her husband get the paper. I worked for 1736 Carman brook Parkway great little paper. us all hope that understanding and good will two years in Houlton for the Aroostook Flint, Michigan 48507 Gloria Neptune Kelly between men will increase with great speed. Indians. But I am too old now. But I love In closing this letter I wish you all the best the paper because there are so many Low interest level for the New Year 1980 and for the future Cites im provement people I know. hoping that everybody will one day be able Dorothy Wilcox Searsport, Me. to face all the human rights belonging to Som ers Pt., N.J. To the editor: him. To the editor: You do have a very good newspaper Starting Metis group I’ be looking forward to any message ll I have been away from home for quite which I enjoy reading, but I am afraid that from you! Winston Salem, N.C. awhile, and its great to keep in touch this library’ budget is very small and I’ s ll Chris Nevalainen To the editor: through your paper. be unable to enter a subscription this Liisankatu 1 1 Trust you and staff are well. You All the building and improvements that year. The subscription rate is reasonable 28100 Pori 10 published a letter in Sept. ’ paper by 79 are being made on the Island, I can read and I would do it, if there were some Finland William “ Rattlesnake” Jackson relative to a about and it’ really great for all my community interest in your newspaper. s Cherokee Confederacy but his mailing people. Unfortunately the level of interest and Proud Cherokee address was not given. Could you send me Keep up the good work, your staff does awareness of Maine’ Native American s his complete mailing address? The South­ South Casco a really great job in reporting all the culture is zero here in Searsport. eastern Cherokee Confederacy, Inc. interesting things at all the reservations. To the editor: Good luck with your paper. Also I would appreciate it if you would Thank you again, I have been receiving the Wabanaki Inez Kaiser print my name and address in your letter news for the past two years and I have Sandra “ Mitchell” Broschard Librarian section, I request correspondence from enjoyed reading the editorials found crafts people, persons who have a knowledge therein. o f Native American medicinal formulas In my last receipt it told of the necessity using roots, herbs, etc. to charge for the news service. Anyone interested in membership in a I wish to continue receiving the news Metis Indian organization, dedicated to the sheet and if you will let me know what the rights of Metis people and preservation of service charge is, I shall remit promptly. their distinct heritage? Ideally anyone is I am of Cherokee heritage and am proud Metis who is any degree less than full-blood to be a real American. Indian, Metis is not a name to be ashamed Richard H. McKinney of. Metis people for the most part are not accepted by either full-blooded Indians or Substance abuse white communities, so Metis organizations New York City are places where Metis people can belong and can contribute their abilities to con­ To the editor: I was shocked and saddened to learn o f structive uses. What is your opinion o f such Senabeh’death. Although I never met him, s an organization? You see, with my Cherokee-Scotch-Irish I knew about him and his struggle against heritage I could not very well be accepted the Enemy. I always hoped that he would within the circle of those who are puffed up make it. However, saddened as I am by s with pride in being “ full-blood.”As long as Senabeh’ passing, I feel that we should blood degree is made the exclusive test of heed the advice o f Mary Harris Jones fellowship among Indian people we can ("Mother”Jones, famous labor leader) who Mourn for the dead, but fight like expect to remain a divided people. Perhaps said: “ you could touch a bit on this subject in an hell for the living!”The “ living”in this case would be alcoholic teenagers cited in the editorial. You have a fine writing ability. My ideals are the same as those o f my letter from Pleasant Point on page 3 o f the Penobscot-Metis brother, Charles Colcord, January issue, as well as their alcoholic NEW WABANAKI LOGO—This symbolic Indian logo was drawn freehand for Wabanaki head o f the NYC Chapter Nat’ Assoc, of elders. The “ l. fight”would take the form o f a Alliance by Passamaquoddy Indian artist Alfred Dana, who lives in Etna. The canoe represents the “ vehicle,” this newspaper; the four diamonds on the circle represent the total program against substance abuse. The Metis Indians. four directions and Micmacs, Maliseets, Penobscots and Passamaquoddies. Eagle situation is bad and it is getting worse. The Anyone there have the recipes for Indian Alnurbeg (“ People” really have no choice in feathers, a sun [or sunflower] and traditional motifs make up the rest of the design. A ) fry bread, beef jerkey, pemmican? “ and an “ can be found if you look hard. Wabanaki Alliance is proud to adopt this W” A” Let me hear from you. Wish you the best. this matter. It is a question of survival. design for its stationery. Charley Colcord Augustus Webb Searsport To the editor: When does an Indian become a non Indian? Does he forfeit his right when he leaves the reservation? Most of us left because we had no choice. I left when times w ere hard (before the computer Indian) I had no place to stay — never knowing where the next meal was coming from. So did my sister — she died of cancer — not being able to get aid from the Indians or the state. At the time Gov. Curtis was “ working on it.” So far the off-reservation Indian still has no rights, unless you’ non Indian re and marry one, then you com e into all these rights. Who is more Indian than my husband and me and our children? Recently my son was refused medi­ cal treatment because we aren’within t “ piggeddy” distance from the reserva­ tion — 38 miles perhaps, the line is thin isn’it? t So tell me — when is an Indian considered an Indian, when his nose turns brown? Christine Nicholas �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Karate a way out of problems for young Indian man SOMERSWORTH, N.H. - Like many Indians living off-reservation, Craig San­ born had to bear the usual share of racial prejudice. He found an unusual way of dealing with it, however. “ until about 15 I sort of played Up Indian, as you see in books," he said. Until then, "playing Indian”had been fun, he said, but as he got older he “ started running into prejudice." People no longer reacted to his being Indian the same way. ' By to, I Had an identity problem and was • heavily into alcohol and drugs.” Ironically, it was the prejudice which made him think seriously about what it meant to be Indian. “ When I got into the prejudice,” said, “ got proud and kind he I of hard.” At this stage he received som e help from an unexpected source — a master of karate. Sanborn began studying karate and then judo when he was 13; however, at 15 he met John Mason; a holder of black belts in five different styles of martial art. In 1975, Mason founded a new style of karate, Che-lu, which Sanborn said, “ a has basic philosophy of style Indian people could relate to. All nationalities working together to help each other and them­ selves.” According to Sanborn, Che-lu's em­ phasis on harmony between people and styles helped him to resolve the conflicts of nationality within himself. In the process he earned a black belt in karate and is currently ranked 6th in the nation in the Amateur Athletic Union’ s lightweight division. He practices two hours a day and expects to com pete in the national championships in July. Sanborn works as a security guard at Seabrook nuclear pow er plant. He was on duty during the most recent anti-nuclear power demonstrations. “ lot of the A demonstrators were my friends,”he said. He said pow er company officials don’ t involve the guards in decisions. “ don't I really seek it (involvement) out,” said. he He is considering starting a karate school on or near Indian Island in a year or two, he said. “ have the knowledge of I style and the teaching abilities, but I’ m not ready emotionally,” said. he “ don’ really know many people up I t here,”he said, adding that he hopes to make visits to get to know people in the area gradually. Sanborn t h i n k s t h a t a k a r a t e s r h n n l f n r Indians could help with many of the problems on the reservations. “ helped It me, maybe it would help them. It would draw them together by having something in common. It would give them release and something to be proud of.” Craie Sanborn, ahnvp. » Ponnhct-n* and member of the Che-Lu. Society of the Golden Mantis Karate School, will travel to far-off Trindad this month [April 19], to participate in an international karate competition. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Craig Sanborn of Millinocket. Ramapoughs gain status M A H W A H , N.J.— A n e s tim a te d 3,000 p e o p le living at poverty-stricken Stag Hill, and know n as K am apough M o u n t a in P e o p le , a re s e e k in g recognition as an Indian tribe. Justice Department won't cloud claims W A S H IN G T O N — Secretary o f the Interior C ecil A ndrus says the U.S. Justice Departm ent will not seek "o ffsets”against future m oney awards in Indian claim s cases for federal m onies paid ou t under the Indian SelfDeterm ination Act. " I was concerned that the tribes not b e m ade reluctant to take over the responsibilities for many o f the programs in operation o n their land,” said Andrus. "T h e provisions o f the Indian Self-Determination A ct easily cou ld be frustrated if the trade-off for self-determination is a clo u d ovpr pending tribal claims,”Andrus said in a press release. In a letter dated February 1, 1980, S e c r e t a r y A n d r u s u r g e d th e Department o f Justice to exercise its d iscre tio n by n o t claim in g selfdetermination funds as offsets under the 1946 Indian Claim s C om m ission Act. This act allow s the U nited States to o ffs e t " f u n d s exp en ded ^ g r a t u i t o u s l y ’ b y th e f e d e r a l ’ government for the benefit o f Indian a g a in s t any m on eta ry aw ard made in a claim against the United States. The question arose in connection with a recent T u rtle M ountain Chippewa claim award against which millions o f dollars given to the tribe might have been offset as grants under the Indian Self-Determination Act. Justice has decided not to offset claims for self-determination m oney in this case and has stated that it will not claim such offsets in future cases. U n d e r the 1975 Indian SelfD eterm in ation Act, Indian tribes co u ld contract with the Bureau o f Indian Affairs to take over program s in operation on their reservation land. Such program s range from health services, sch o ols and welfare program s to law enforcem ent, fish hatcheries and forestry. If a tribe is n o t ready to assume operation, grants are available to train and otherw ise prepare the tribe for eventual take over. M assive repudiation o f the selfdeterm ination program by Indian tribes as a result o f offsets in claims awards co u ld cause serious m anpow er and m onetary repercussions for the Bureau o f Indian Affairs, as well as deny the tribes these management opportunities, BIA officials said. Already the state o f N ew Jersey has a ccorded the M ountain P eop le status as Indians, and the next hurdle will be acknow ledgem ent as a tribe by U.S. Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA). N ew J erse y A s s e m b ly m a n W . C ary Edwards said the com m u n ity has been discrim in a te d against, and " th e learning o f their heritage has given t k e m a n i d e n tity t b e y c a n b e p r o u d o f. Th ey are n ot just a dis-jointed grou p o f m alcontents as others around here believed.” Edwards co- spon sored a resolution recognizing the grou p as Indian— the first such resolu tion in N ew Jersey since 1801. T h e M ountain P eople have been know n locally as Jackson W hites, and are thought to be descen ded at least in part from blacks and Dutch farmers. A historian w h o lived with the M ountain P eople for a year maintains the grou p cannot rightly claim to be Indian. "T h ey ju st d o n ’ want to accept the t fa c t that th eir a n c e s t o r s w ere predom inantly black,” said David S. Cohen. A ccordin g to a recent magazine article, the term Jackson W hites derives either from Jacks (blacks) and whites (ancestors), o r from a sea captain nam ed Jackson w ho was su pp osed to bring white English prostitutes to British tro o p s in nearby N ew York during the R evolution; but instead brou gh t 400 W e st Indies black w o m e n — k n o w n as " J a c k s o n ’ s W hites.” If denied Indian status by BIA, the R am apough M ountain P eople will still consider them selves Indian, descended from Tuscarora and Delaware Indians. N ew Jersey State Senator Matthew Feldman, a resolution sponsor, said, " S o what if they're not (Indian)? They've never had anything to be really prou d o f before. W h y try to take this away from them?” Loving care for your car WANTED INFORMATION ON THE W HEREABOUTS OF Mr. Maurice A.. Richards, formerly of Bangor, Houlton, New Vineyard. Mr. Richards is an excellent photographer, a native of Princeton, with many fine photos of Indian Township in early times. If you know where he is, contact: WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 MAIN STREET 0R0N0, MAINE 04473 We offer a reward of one year’ free s subscription to the newspaper. Tune-ups LOVE'S AMOCO INDIAN ISLAND Tires �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 5 Claims statute extended WASHINGTON — A Congressional House Sub-committee acting on a Senatepassed bill to extend the statute of limi­ tations for certain claims by the U.S. on behalf of Indians — approved a modified version which would extend the deadline two years to April 1,1982. The Senate bill, granted an extension to December 31, 1984, with a proviso that the claims had to be identified by December 1981. The House version will be voted on by the full Judiciary Committee before reach­ ing a floor vote. Prospects for passing the two-year extension now seem good since no statement of opposition have been sub­ mitted. Congressman Morris Udall ex­ pressed his support for the bill in a state­ ment submitted to the sub-committee. At the hearings Feb. 27, Rick Lavis, for Indian affairs, recommended the two-year extension as being sufficient. He reported that the U.S. Interior Department had already sent about 300 litigation requests covering more than 4,000 claims to the Justice Department. He said he doubted the department could possibly get these claims into court by April 1, 1980. Lavis said that the Interior Department had also rejected about 4.000 claims as not worth litigation; had helped resolve about 600 claims: and had about 2,000 claims pending at various levels in the claims process. Speaking of the eastern land claims, Lavis said it is “ likely that any not will be settled before the April 1 deadline, with the possible exception of the Cayuga claim in New York. And we anticipate that a number of the eastern tribes will file large title-clouding lawsuits before April 1 if the statute of limitations is not ex­ tended,” said. he CMIA baskets reach 300 T h e C en tra l M ain e In d ia n A ssociation Christm as basket effort served approximately 300 p e o p le in th e f o l l o w i n g c o u n tie s in M aine: A n d ro sco ggin , A r o o s to o k , C u m b e r la n d , K e n n e b e c , K n o x , P en obscot, Som erset, W a sh in gto n a n d Y o r k a n d th e f o l l o w i n g states: Arizona and Pennsylvania. A b ou t 150 p e o p le attended the Christmas party which was held at the Indian R e so u rce C enter, O r o n o . C M IA h opes next year to include many m ore people in the Christm as get-together. "It is up to all o f us to m a k e it h a p p e n . T h a n k s f o r participating this year, and h op e to see you next year,” said Marta Conlin, C M IA health and social services director. C on lin said thanks are o w ed to all o f the people w h o helped with the donations to and the organization o f the 1979 Christm as Basket E ffort and the Christmas Party, including bu t not lim ited to: The C.M.I.A. Staff Rachel Sock beson John and Mary Isaac Alice C on lin Ann Pardilla Footm an’ Dairy s Chiquita Banana Reverend D o n Daigle Charmaine M eyers D o u g ’ S h o p &. Save, s O ld T o w n and U n ion Street E m erson ’ Brewer s, B oy S cou t T r o o p #2, Bangor Father Vershawn M ark and Bridget W o od w a rd T h om as Sock b eson John and D olores M itchell Ralph Th om as Th e W abanaki Alliance T h e O ron o k a Restaurant G &. L Produce Th e R everend John Crozier St. A n drew ’ E piscopal Church, s Bangor D ebbie Brooks St. M ary’ Catholic Church, s Bangor Th e H ock ey B ooster’ C lu b s D H R S Big Brother/Big Sister Program, O r o n o A l and C arol Dana D ebbie Astle Jeannette LaPlante C arolyn Peppin Bangor C andy C om p an y LaBree’ Bakery s T h e Dept, o f Indian Affairs Sam psons, O ld T ow n Finast, Bangor Helen Dyer St. John’ C atholic Church, s Bangor Mrs. Lucien Peppin, Florence, Mass. To fee blessed Kateri Tekakwitha, a 17th century Mohawk woman who is a candidate for sainthood, will be “ blessed” Pope John Paul, June 22. To be so blessed is the final stage before by canonization. In this painting by German artist Carl Link, the model was the late Molly Spotted Elk [Mary Alice “ Molly Dellis”Archambeau], a Penobscot from Indian Island. Her sister, Mildred Akins, has worked hard in the cause of Kateri, the Lily of the Mohawks. Mrs. Akins’ work was described in a story in last month’Wabanaki Alliance. s Kateri, a smallpox victim at age four, died at 24, after a life of religious devotion and virginity. FBI m iscon du ct cited W A S H IN G T O N — T h e U.S. C om m is­ sion o n C ivil Rights has made recom m en dations to C on gress to insure that m iscon d u ct by FBI agents is fully investigated, and fairly resolved. In testim ony b efore the Senate J u d ic ia r y C o m m it t e e la s t fall, c o m m i s s i o n C h a ir m a n A r th u r Flem m ing presented the co m m issio n ’ s co n c e r n s related to cu rren t FBI com plaint handling mechanisms. H e cited prob lem s created by the Bureau’ s " W o u n d e d K nee”occupation, as well as "officia l excesses”against activities in the black civil rights m ovem ent. "T h ere are person s o n the Sou th D a k ota Indian reservation s w h o perceive it to b e the m ission o f the FBI t o su p p ress d issen t and radical political activity o n the part o f the Indian people, rather than to act as an impartial investigative agency,”he said in testimony. Th e co m m issio n asked that the FBI C h a r te r A c t o f 1979 in c lu d e provision s to insure that a form al co m p la in t p r o c e s s in g system b e developed, that affected com m unities b e told h ow it works, and that all com plainants be told in writing o f the receipt o f their com plaints and their final dispostion. A lso, that the FBI be required to co m p ile and m on itor statistics o n types o f com plaints it receives. SKITIKUK OUTFITTERS Specialists in Wilderness Travel SALES - RENTALS - GUIDE SERVICE Featuring IGAS Island Packs and Travelling G e a r COME BY AND SEE US WIDE-EYED Frannie Bailey, daughter of Joseph and Grace Bailey of Pleasant Point, met with Santa last Christmas, in this photo lent by Maxwell Barnes of Pleasant Point. Mr. Claus hails from Eastport. 38 Main St. O ro n o 866-4878 �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Apprentice program trains toward career INDIAN ISLAND — “ This program is a one-of-a-kind, both for what w e’ doing re here and the apprenticeship program,” said Richard “ Dick” Hagenbuch, in charge of a new approach in giving young men a lease on life. Hagenbuch’ mechanics course is more s than how to fix motors. It is a way to recover from drop-out status; to build selfconfidence and at the same time build the ability to earn a living. The course isn’ easy for ten students t enrolled (only one drop-out as of press time). It takes three years to com plete the full curriculum, but when done, students will receive certification from a national board. “ get that diploma they will have To to pass the tests that are given by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence,” said Hagenbuch. That means an 80 per cent average in four out of six categories of study. “ You don’want a bunch of numnuts out there t working on your car,”says Hagenbuch, 45, a Washington, D.C. native who has operated his own shop. The apprentice program is conducted in the state Indian Affairs building at the Penobscot reservation, and was recently certified by the Maine Department of Vocational Education and federal Depart­ ment of Labor. A $25,000 special grant from the Governor’ discretionary fund s got the program rolling last fall. Hagenbuch said a proposal seeking $400,000 is in the works. Participants in the apprenticeship pro­ gram get paid $3.10 per hour, for a 40-hour week. Chrysler Corporation and General Motors have contributed engines to work on, and textbooks. Dead River Company of Maine chipped in $1,000. Hagenbuch has been living in a cramped backroom of the Indian Affairs building, beside his paintings. His wife and five children are still in Houlton, where Hagen­ buch taught at Southern Aroostook Vo­ cational. He commutes weekends. Despite the hardships, which include discipline and a lot of back talk from students, he is enthusiastic about his job. Probably the best insight into the apprenticeship program is through the apprentices, who talked with this re­ porter. Calvin Francis, 22, said “ the class, I think/is smart and we learn a lot. I was living in Connecticut, and I didn’ per­ t sonally like the city and the way people treated each other. I always wanted to be a mechanic. It keeps us off the streets. It keeps us out of trouble." Mike Murphy, at 17 just below the specified 18-30 age range for the program, commented, “ was working on YACC I (Young Adult Conservation Corps at Indian Island) and I knew there wasn’ t any future in that, so I saw this program and came down and signed up,”he said, adding that “ doesn’mean I’ make this it t ll my trade. I want to learn a lot of things.” Ron Lacasse, another student, said simply, “ think this program’ going to I s help me with my future.” Enrolled along with Lacasse, Murphy and Francis are Danny Francis, Tom Burns, Steve Hamilton, Everett Loring, Richard Loring, Richard Sapiel and Timo­ thy (Neptune) Shay. Penobscots place in foot race BANGOR — The coach’ son on the s Andrew Sockalexis — named after a famous Penobscot Indian runner — Track Team, placed first in a recent race here. Chris Ranco of Indian Island won the boys and girls under age 10 division in, 22 minutes, 26 seconds over a 5-kilometer course. Chris is the son of Indian Island’ s track team coach, Michael Ranco. The race was sponsored by St. Joseph’ Hospital. s Jamie Knapp, son of Cheryl Knapp of Indian Island, also placed. Another winner, in the 40-and-over category, was Jeannette LaPlante, a Pen­ obscot, from Old Town, whose time was 23:15. tucnara nagenDucn, lelt, mechanics program instructor, oversees Penobscot students as they re-assemble an automobile engine they have refurbished. Students learii by doing, and if they make a mistake, they try it again. Opinion Where is white man's honor? by Debbie Ew er We used his language,his religion, his My people w ere free and happy. We culture. We learned to use his laws. We called each other brother. W e had a learned to educate ourselves. We learned simple, carefree way of life. W e w ere good to stand up and say, “ are not dumb. We people. We w ere brave and honest. There W e are your equals. We are your was no stealing. When one person brothers.” admired another’ bow or moccasins w e s Where was his honor? Where was his simply gave them to that person. fear? We knew. It was there grow ing in Then came the white man. He taught us his mind. to be wary of our brothers. H e taught us W e challenged him. In his laws, in his to cheat and steal. H e taught us to scalp courts. W e wanted back our land, our our brother. He taught us w e w ere not spirit. He says this cannot be. What his free and happy. father did was long ago. It was not him. Where was the white man’ honor? How can we blame him for the actions of s W here was his love for his brother? We his father? did not know. . Where is his honor now? This we do not One day he would call us brother. The know. next day he would rape our wom en and EDITOR’ NOTE: Debbie Ewer, a S murder our children. He stripped us of our Penobscot, attends Bangor Community land. He said it does not belong to all, only College. She is married, the m other of to one man. three children, and lives in Old Town.. W here was his honor? W here was his truth. W e did not know. He put us on reservations. If the land CAN’ FIND A JOB? T turned out to b e good, he put us someplace else. He took away our language, our religion, our spirit. And then he called us brother. He gave to us his culture, his religion, his language. And then he called us dumb. Where was his honor? W here was his love for all people, who he called equal? W e did not know. Would you like to be trained as a ... Bookkeeper Secret ary/Stenographer Clerk Typist Nursing Assistant If you are 16 to 21 and not in school, v the Penobscot Job Corps Center has trainin g programs which may be of interest to you. The Penobscot Job Corps Center provides all trainees with a place to Job Openings live, meals, health care and a cash monthly stipend while you learn. And OUTREACH WORKER when you finish, w e’ also help you ll Central Maine Indian Association find a job. (CMIA) seeks CETA-qualified appli­ SOUND GOOD? cants to fill three positions o f Outreach IT JS GOOD'. worker in its organization. An oppor­ ASK FOR JOB CORPS tunity to work with and for Indian —in the Portland area—775-7225 people. —in the Auburn area—786-4190 —in the Bangor area—947-0755 For further information, contact: —or toll free anywhere in Maine CENTRAL MAINE INDIAN at 1-800-432-7307 ASSOCIATION ASK FOR 95 Main Street JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT Orono, Maine 04473 Telephone 207-866-5587 TRY THE Job Corps RUNS IN THE FAMILY — Known for musical talent, the Akins family of Indian Island may produce another musician; young Trevor Akins, son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Akins. His late grandfather, Watie Akins, was a well-known band leader, arranger and composer. His grandmother is Mildred Akins of Indian Island. �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 7 Holmes gets eight-year prison term in Loring case I G O R — W i l l i a m Alt.nn H n l m p s 95? BANGOR — William Alton Holmes, 23, was found guilty of manslaughter recently in Federal District Court, on the heels of last summer’ landmark jurisdiction case s that put Indian territory under federal rule for major crimes. Holmes was convicted in the death of Penobscot Indian, Adrian Loring, 29, who was found stabbed to death at Indian Island, July 14,1979. Holmes was describ­ ed as an Alabama drifter. He was sentenced by Judge Edward T. Gignoux to eight years in federal prison, following a four day trial that concluded with the jury having dinner in Bangor under guard, then returning to reach their decision. In the final round of arguments, prose­ cutor James W. Brannigan, a federal attorney, said that on July 13, Adrian Loring was “ barely able to walk,”accord­ ing to Pauline Love of Indian Island. An a n t n n c u showed Loring’ alcohol blood j autopsy eViPT.rarl T s level at .35, Brannigan said. Earlier in +-u„ trial. Holmes +__ u „ the testified he, Loring and Francis drank alcoholic bever­ “ that a guy who’looking for a fight? ages starting about 10 a.m., and consumed Is s You have to use your common sense, various narcotics, including a pain-killer ladies and gentlemen,” Brannigan told the tab obtained from a dentist, marijuana, angel dust”and the animal tranquilizer jury, while a courtroom partly filled with “ PCP. interested Indian persons listened. Gignoux said he found the amount of Brannigan said a “ love triangle” existed between Loring, Holmes and Eloise drugs and alcohol Holmes claimed he consumed was not. believeable. Francis of Indian Island. “ When Adrian Warren M. Silver, Bangor lawyer Loring and Eloise Francis turned into that driveway, who was the loser in the love representing Holmes, told the jury in a poor Adrian Loring. triangle? Unfortunately, Adrian Loring sarcastic tone, “ “ e don’know what happened because W t was slashed over the eye and stabbed in we weren't there. Only William Holmes the heart,” Brannigan said. know for sure. Silver According to police officers who arrest­ and Eloise Francis” w re ed Holmes near Indian Island bridge. said. He told the jury, “ e’ only guessing, ladies and gentlemen.” Holmes repeated, “ he dead, is he dead? Is Silver painted a picture of Loring as I never cut anyone before. H e was like a When Adrian Loring said to him brother;” Later, Holmes allegedly re­ violent. “ (Holmes), T m going to beat your brains marked, (it was) “ over a bitch; I hope all out,’ (Holmes) had to take him very he she’happy now.” s seriously," the defense lawyer said. At one point. Silver reminded the jury that witnesses who had taken the stand, including Eloise Francis, had been drink­ ing the morning of the day they testified. “ You’ decide if someone who com es to ll U.S. District Court drinking is someone you can believe,”Silver said. His closing argument centered on the “ many evidences of the victim’violence,” s and that Holmes, with one arm, acted in self-defense. Brannigan disputed the “ guessing” Silver referred to. Holmes sat calmy beside Silver, leaning back in his chair, occasionally rubbing his eyes. He was easily distinguishable with his one arm. Gignoux reminded the jury, prior to their deliberations, that they need not have a “ mathematical certainty" of guilt, but must have a “ strong and abiding con­ viction” of Holmes’guilt or innocence. “ Neither sympathy nor prejudice should enter your deliberations,” the ju dge instructed the jury. Gignoux explained that manslaughter is “ without malice,” whereas a murder charge implies malice. Manslaughter covers a death resulting from “ heat of the Suellen Speed passion or a sudden quarrel.” Tribal affluence leads to Northeast Bank branch PRINCETON — Although it’ the s smallest branch of the business, the new offices of Northeast Bank here stand to prosper. That’ because of the major reason s Northeast decided to risk opening a branch in this tiny border town: the nearby Passamaquoddy Tribe at Indian Township. The million-dollar business of running the tribe, plus millions of dollars an­ ticipated through settlement of land claims, figured greatly in the decision by Northeast Bankshares President Halsey Smith, and top officials, to locate an office in Princeton. Of course, as Princeton Town Manager David Holt points out, pulpwood and timber are still the bulk of industry in the area, and Georgia-Pacific is the major em ­ ployer in the region. (The Passamaquoddy Lumber Company, employing 70 persons, is expected to be purchased by the tribe through settlement monies.) The bank branch opened last spring, after a survey was completed and a petition drive undertaken. Holt said Firefighters train PLEASANT POINT - Three Passa­ maquoddy Indians from this reservation recently completed firefighting training at Northern Maine Vocational Technical Institute (NMVTI). They w ere Fire Chief Maxwell “ Chick” Barnes, Billy Barnes and Gilbert Tomah. The Barnes’ ere attend­ w ing their second year, Tomah his first year of the two-week course. Summer recreation available for kids I f any parents w ou ld be interested in having their children participate in the Central M aine Indian A ssociation su m m er recrea tion program this co m in g summer, please notify 'the C M IA office as so o n as possible. T eleph on e 866-5587/5588. SPECIAL W INTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR SEASONAL WORKERS A T T E N T IO N You or someone you know may be eligible for a new winter assistance program for seasonal and migrant workers. This program is basically for in­ dividuals and families who have not received the regular fuel assistance that the state o f Maine has offered this winter. YOU MAY BE ELIGIBLE IF: 1 You or someone in your family has worked at least 25 days in the last two years in seasonal agriculture, woods work, fishing, clamming, fish packing, fir tipping, or other seasonal farm, fish or forest occupations. This includes clamdigging, berry raking, potato pick­ ing, haying, working as a woodcutter on someone else’land or cutting wood s on your own land, work in food pro­ cessing plants that is not year round, etc. If you are not sure whether your work qualifies you, get in touch and ask. WHAT KINDS OF ASSISTANCE ARE AVAILABLE? Under this program you may receive assistance which will enable you to pay for the following kinds of items and services: 1. FUEL (any kind, including wood, oil, kerosene, coal) 2. UTILITY BILLS which are due or overdue 3. LP GAS 4. WARM CLOTHING AND BLANKETS 5. STOVES AND REPAIRS TO FURNACES AND HEATING SYSTEMS 6. FOOD 7. MEDICAL CARE 8. Some RENT ASSISTANCE in in special circumstances C ery P h ls lace Now open for business. Selling novelties, toys, games, clothes, jewelry, small appliances, etc. There is a 10% discount for Native Americans, either bring this ad or your hunting and fishing license for verification. W e will donate $1.00 to Wabanaki Alliance for every person that brings this ad and spends $5.00 or more. OPEN FOR BUSINESS! David Holt P a ssam aqu odd y tribal o fficial R o ger Gabriel co-operated in efforts to attract Northeast. The bank’ nearest branches s are located in Machias and Lincoln. Two other banks rejected Princeton; one of them was Merrill Trust Company, it was revealed. Bank branch manager Suellen Speed said she was not at liberty to disclose statistics about accounts, but acknow­ ledged, “ carry a lot of Indians.” we Speed, who started at the branch as teller, said T m sure it will survive.”There are now three tellers. Finally, after dinner at Benjamin’ s Tavern, the 12-member jury plus four alternates returned to the courtroom. In­ dividually polled, the jurors had reached their verdict: guilty. Silver sought to have bail set for his client, but Brannigan argued that “ the defendent has no roots . . . under the circumstances, there should be no bail.” Gignoux concurred. If you think you or someone you know may be eligible for the kinds of assistance outlined here, please send a postcard to: ECAP Outreach Worker, Route 1, Box 74-1, Steuben, Maine 04680. Give your name, address and phone (if you have one). Or call: 5467293 or toll free in Maine at 1-800-4321766 for m ore information. IMPORTANT! YOU MUST APPLY BEFORE JUNE 30, 1980. �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 State ratifies claim s bill (Continued from page 1 ) the Senate. He compared it to appendici­ tis, saying that if he was given a 40 per cent chance of dying if he didn’ have his t appendix out, he would have it out. He was referring to the 60-40 win-lose odds the state would face if it took the claims to court, according to James D. St. Clair, lawyer for the state. Collins, tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen and state Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen fielded questions during a Senate caucus at the state house. Attempts to bring the claims to a refer­ endum vote by Maine citizens failed; first in the Senate, when Sen. Howard Trotzky of Bangor lost a bid for referendum by 16-13; later in the House, when Rep. John M. Norris of Brewer brought a motion for referendum that was defeated 97-42. The actual bill had to b e voted on twice in both chambers, first for passage, then for enactment. In the Senate, the vote was 19-9 to pass, 17-10 to enact. In the House, 87-51, to pass, and 84-47, to enact. Emotions reached peaks during debate in the House and Senate. In the House, Rep. Antoinette C. Martin of Brunswick said the bill is the least that could be done for Indians, who have a history of being mistreated. On the other hand, Rep. James T. Dudley of Enfield said there would be violence in his District, and someone might drop a match and burn down the woods, with Indians as neigh­ bors. Tureen was overhead between votes as saying, “ they don’ go for it, then we’ If t ll go for it.” Border protest Maliseets, with support from other tribes, spent a day of protest this month at the Canadian border near Fort Fairfield, Maine. About 80 Indians, led [above] by Wayne Nicholas and wife, Kathy, of Tobique R eserve [New Brunswick], demonstrated their objection to deportation of a Maliseet, and other Jay Treaty violations. The treaty says Indians may freely cross border, but Canada never ratified it. U.S. Customs is at right; marchers crossed and re-crossed border without incident. Supreme Court declines appeal WASHINGTON — The U.S. Supreme Court has refused to take up an appeal by the State of Maine of last summer’ s Sockabasin-Dana case, in which a state supreme court ruled that Indian reserva­ tions are not subject to state jurisdiction. The convictions for arson of Passamaquoddy tribal members Albert C. Dana and Allen J. Sockabasin were overturned by the state’ highest court in July 1979, s in a decision that bolstered the tribe’ s pending land claims. Dana and Sockabasin went free, follow­ ing the landmark ruling, but now that the federal court has refused to hear the appeal by Maine, they could possibly face court action again. Dana and Sockabasin were convicted for attempting to burn the Indian Township elementary school in 1977. After the supreme court declined the appeal, tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen commented, “ e’ very pleased and feel w re much vindicated.” Maine Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen, on the other hand, admitted he was “ e­ som what disappointed." Indian Island painting removed for restoration INDIAN ISLAND — An 18th century painting of the Crucifixion, a fixture at St. Tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, left, chats with state Sen. Dana C. Devoe of Orono, Ann’ Catholic Church for decades, was ju st prior to Senate vote on land claims settlement bill. s removed this month by Maine State Museum personnel. When the painting returns some months hence, it will glow with the results of a tedious restoration process that will begin in Cooperstown, N.Y., under the hands of experts. An estimated $10,000 will be invested, according to the Rev. John Civiello of St. Ann’ Church. In s charge of the delicate operations is Dr. Richard Michael Gramly, a Museum employee. Gramly said the Museum is glad to help out the Penobscot tribe. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Owned Homes For Sole in Washington County Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY ANYONE CAN BUY YOU DON’ HAVE TO T BE A VETERAN See Your Local Real Estate Broker Or Contact LAST INDIAN — Seventy-year-old Charles Bernard says he is “ only Indian left” the at St. Brasile Reserve in Canada, near Madawaska, Maine. There are about 60 persons at the reserve, but they are not really Indian, he says. A widower and retired variety store proprietor in Edmundston, Bernard bought his customized van-camper so he could go “ freewheelin’ around.”He has two daughters, in Boston and Gary, Indiana; and two sons, in Nashua, N.H., and Edmundston . . . and a “ tribe”of grandchildren. Rt. 1. Houlton Road, Woodland 3 bedroom, garage — $28,000.00 — $500.00 D.P. Main Street, Princeton 4 bedroom, garage, $29,500.00 — $500.00 D.P. No. Lubec Road, Lubec 3 bedroom, garage — $31,500.00 $500.00 D.P. 9 Academy Street, Calais 4 bedroom, ready to m ove into — $29,000.00 - $500.00 D.P. All VA fiananced 14% interest rate VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 9 Accident rate can be reduced PLEASANT POINT — Only two per cent of accidents occur through so-called Acts of God, while 82 per cent are caused by unsafe acts, and 16 per cent by unsafe conditions. A group of interested Passamaquoddy Indians here heard that message, and others about safety, at a lecture by Ralph Zotigh and Edward Naranjo, principals in National American Indian Safety Council — their own outfit that prom otes safety among tribes. The pair recently made the rounds of Maine’Indian communities. s Zotigh, an Oklahoma Kiowa, did m ost of the talking. He said several years ago his group had a staff of 14; now it’ just s Naranjo and himself. He still believes in what he is doing, and he made a pitch for financial support from the tribe. “ You know, I really respect my older people for their faith and belief, but doggone it, you have to do m ore than that. They believe that accidents are bound to happen. Let them happen. I say no way,“ Zotigh told the group in the tribal building gymnasium. “ went into one house and it was very I hot. I looked at the thermostat and it was set at 85 degrees. These people didn’ t know what a thermostat was for. You can’ blame people for not knowing. It’ t s our place to train them,” Zotigh said. “ m going to convince everyone of you I’ that you can take part in safety," he added. “ We have to take a lot of time to gain the confidence and trust of the people. It’pretty hard to come in cold and s talk about safety . . . the accident rate on Indian reservations is just way too high,” he said. Attending the session were recreation director Linwood Sapiel, health planner Mary Altvater, janitor Gladys Soctomah, tribal official Chick Barnes; Vergie Trott, Dotty Francis and Andrea Dana, all of Young Adult Conservation Corps; com­ munity mental health worker Barbara Newell, clinic assistant Kay Nicholas, community health representative Beatrice Soctomah, truck driver Harold Socobasin, aquaculture worker Louis J. Paul, treat­ ment plant operator James Barnes, truck­ Newlyweds Patrick and Isabelle Shay cut the cake. er Melvin Francis, counselor Grace Rod­ erick and tribal clerk Ruby Richter. “ s pretty hard to evaluate our It’ program,” conceded Zotigh. “ Did we Ringbearer was Karl Toney, son of INDIAN ISLAND — Patrick Shay and prevent 100 accidents? W e do feel we’ re Isabelle Knockwood Toney w ere united in Isabelle Toney. Her daughter Franni doing good. W e’ been to nearly every ve marriage, March 25, at home, in a tradi­ Toney, and three grandchildren, w ere also state in the U.S. and Alaska. After we present. The bride has four children by a tional Penobscot ceremony, at sunset. leave here there’no follow-up." s The ceremony was taken from a book by previous marriage; the bridegroom has Shay's great grandfather, Joseph Nicola, one son, Timothy (Neptune) Shay. author of the recently reprinted Life and A reception and social dance took place Traditions of the Red Man. Mary Byers of Indian Island performed the ceremony, at the Indian Island school gym, and a with Stanley Neptune and Carol Dana, circle wedding dance was done to the beat of the drum. both of Indian Island, as witnesses. Toney, Shay wed in traditional rite Health panel meets in Bangor Ralph Zotigh, Kiowa Indian, lectures on safety. Basketry book off the press CALAIS — A 28-page book called “ Baskets of the Dawnland People” has been published by Project Indian Pride, a division of Maine Indian Education. The colorfully illustrated and descrip­ tive booklet was compiled by Joseph A. Nicholas, a Passamaquoddy, with help from Indian Township Bilingual Program, and Robert Abbe Museum, Mt. Desert Island. Nicholas has displayed many styles of basketry in this book, including pie baskets and melon baskets. Pie baskets w ere once used by state officials as gifts to visiting dignitaries. The materials used in weaving baskets, such as brown ash, sweetgrass, and handmade tools, are shown. So are som e of the experts, among them Eugene Francis, William Altvater and Delia Mitchell, Passamaquoddies. CMIA staff m em ber on White House panel ORONO — Freeman Morey, an out­ reach worker for Central Maine Indian Association (CMIA), has been officially appointed to the upcoming White House Conference on Families. Morey is a grad­ uate of Old Town High School, and a member of the Passamaquoddy tribe. From work to fancy basket, Nicholas’ book provides details of construction, use and history. At one time, he says, the skills of basketry almost died out. Now, basketry is taught in reservation schools. However, Nicholas confides personally that basket-making will in his opinion be a thing of the past in 30 years. Trinket .basket or pack basket, the reader will find it all in this slim book, available from Maine Indian Education, Box 412, River Road, Calais, Maine 04619. Opportunity. Wabanaki Alliance, Maine’ only s Indian newspaper, now offers advertising at reasonable rates. Take advantage o f an opportunity to reach about 3,500 readers — most of them Indian persons — through a display advertisement of your choice. Call or write us for rates and other information. WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 Main St. Orono, Maine 04473 Tel. [207] 866-4903 BANGOR — For the first time ever, National Indian Health Board (NIHB) is holding a board m eeting here. Their three day session at Airport Hilton this month will be followed by a m eeting of United Southeastern Tribes (USET), May 13-15. Jake Whitecrow, NIHB executive direc­ tor, opened the Bangor m eeting with a statement that “ Indian people are very concerned about not receiving any re­ sponse to any of their resolutions”from the federal government. “ e cannot W afford to be lax," he told board members representing Indian tribes from places such as New M exico and Mississippi. Frank Steve, A choctaw, commented, “ of us are here with one purpose, we all want to help our people at the local level.” He said Indians must “ push hard” for increases in federal aid for tribal pro­ COMMERCIAL grams, otherwise, help will be “ off." cut Whitecrow said that “ anytime you want to call the NIHB as of the first of May," he or someone else on the staff will personal­ ly respond. “ the past, that has been one In o f our major problem s in the Indian world, lack of communication.” Assisting communications is a regular publication called NIHB Reporter, edited by John O’ C onnor with Renee Parker. Whitecrow said the newsletter is effective in “ hitting them with a 2X4 and making it feel like a feather.” Am ong those attending the Bangor NIHB m eeting w ere Dr. Eunice BaumannNelson, director of Penobscot Health and Social Services, and Penobscot tribal gov ern m en t re p re se n ta tiv e s M ichael Ranco and Francis Sapiel. A tour of the Penobscot Nation was included in the agenda, along with a shrimp dinner. RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL Sockbeson & Son BUILDERS PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS CUSTOM BUILT HOMES/RENOVATIONS CONCRETE WORK/MASONRY FINISH & ROUGH CARPENTRY GENERAL CONTRACTING/SUB-CONTRACTING 942-6630 947-4163 One Merchants Plaza - Bangor �Page 10 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Indian Health Service asks $678.5 million for 1981 W A S H I N G T O N — In d ia n H ealth Services administrator, Dr. G eorge Lythcott, testified on behalf o f the IHS at budget hearings held by the C om m ittee o n Interior and Insular Affairs, Feb. 19. H is s ta te m e n t i n c l u d e d th e follow ing: In fiscal year 1981, a budget o f $678.5 m illion is being requested for the Indian Health Service, an increase o f $53.7 m illion over the 1980 level. T h is request includes $601.8 m illion for Indian health services and $76.7 m illion for Indian health facilities. T h e 1981 budget request for Indian health services includes funds to staff and operate several new facilities o p e n ed in 1980 and to serve newly recognized tribes. Th e 50 Indian Health Service hospitals will provide services to 82.000 inpatients, an increase o f 3,100 over 1980. In addition, the 50 outpatient departments, 104 health clinics and the m ore than 300 satellite clinics will provide services fo r 3.4 m illion outpatient visits, an increase o f 123.000 outpatient visits over the 1980 level. Training will be provided to approxim ately 300 Indian students for the health professions. In addition, 41 urban Indian health projects, 120 alcoholism programs, and approximately 60 projects to aid Indians to take over management o f their o w n health services will be su pported by the fiscal year 1981 budget request. T h e 1981 bu dget request fo r Indian health facilities will p rovide for the com pletion o f a 60-bed hospital at Chinle, Arizona; for the secon d phase o f constru ction o f a 60-bed hospital at Tahlequah, Oklahom a; and fo r the repair and renovation o f health care fa c ilitie s at S e lls, A r izo n a and W innebago, Nebraska. A lso included in the Indian health facilities budget request is $50.2 m illion fo r the provision o f water and sanitation facilities in 6,200 Indian homes. Indian Health Service provides program s for the Passam aquoddy and P en o b sco t nations in Maine. READY BY SUMMER? — Although Pleasant Point is scheduled to receive several fishing boats to start their fishing fleet, fisherman Arthur Newell decided to build a boat himself. Openings for Indians in natural resources BERKELEY, C A .— U n iv ersity o f C alifornia at Berkeley is actively recru itin g A m erica n In d ian s and Alaska Natives into the C o lle g e o f Natural R esources. V ariou s avenues o f INDIAN ISLAND — Sarah C. (Sadie) approach to the degree are available to Ranco, of 10 Center Street, wasn’ students interested in the num erous t expecting anything for her 84th birthday, phases o f natural resou rce manage­ April 2. ment. But she said she couldn’have asked for t E nrollm ent is still op e n for FALL, anything nicer than a special cake baked 1980. T h e C on servation o f Natural in her honor, and served at the Indian Island senior citizens dinner, at the tribal R e s o u r c e ( C N R ) u n d e rg ra d u a te p r o g r a m is an in t e r d is c ip lin a r y health center. Sadie Ranco is the oldest Penobscot at program. T h e C N R m ajor explores conservation and environm ental issues Indian Island. Oldest resident celebrates birthday and areas o f interaction am on g natural resources, populations, technology, s o cie ta l in stitu tion s and cultural values. A pplicants interested in applying for the program for the 1980/81 s ch o o l year are urged to contact our o ffice as so o n as possible. W e w ou ld a lso w e lc o m e any q u estio n s o r requests con cern in g the program. Please contact: Holly Halsey-Ami, CNR Indian Liaison College o f Natural Resources University o f California, Berkeley 415/642-3583 (call collect) Nutrition policy should be tailored to Indian groups by Dr. Alan Ackerman T h e f o o d policy o f the U.S. g o v e r n m e n t to w a r d th e In d ia n p o p u la t io n in th e 1800’ w as s associated with the use o f fo o d as a w eapon and as a to o l o f acculturation. T oday the policy issues that need add ressin g are n o t m ilitary b u t bureaucratic, related t o organization o f d e liv e ry o f s e r v ic e s t o In d ia n participants, assuring an Indian and Alaskan Native v oice into decisions that affect them, and coordin ation o f the U.S. Departm ent o f A griculture (U SDA ) and other federal activities toward Indian popu lations in the area o f fo o d and nutrition. O n e m ajor issue w hich needs to be recognized in discussing policy issues in nutrition for the Native Am erican popu lation is that we are dealing with many separate program s and many separate policies which affect their nutritional conditions. Th e Special S u p plem en tal F o o d P rogram fo r W o m e n , In fan ts, a n d C h ild r e n ( W IC ) , th e c o m m o d i t y f o o d distribution program, the fo o d stamp program, the T itle VII elderly feeding program (under the O ld er Am ericans A ct o f 1965), the IHS m od el diabetes care programs, the IH S nutrition and diatetics programs, federal day care and H ead Start programs, the B1A s c h o o l feed in g program s, p u b lic sch o ol lunch and breakfast programs, m ay all have so m e im pact o n the n u t r i t i o n a l s t a t u s o f I n d ia n individuals. M any o f these program s are adm inistered by federal agencies and their m andates may differ as to h ow they deliver services to Indian popu lation s even within a single agency. A s such w e need to realize that there is n o com prehensive federal p o lic y o r c o lle c t io n o f p o lic ie s intended to address the nutritional n eed s o f the N ative A m erican population. W e need t o b e able to see the m osaic o f program s w hich together form nutrition services fo r the Indian population. Policy for Indians? If a national policy is appropriate for Am erican Indians and Alaska Native populations, the net policy m u st b e able t o re co gn ize the differences existing betw een local com m unities. It is ob v iou sly lu dicrou s to try to have an identical p o licy for very different Indian groups. For instance, there is n o po in t in sending frozen co m m o d ity meat to p e o p le la ck in g ev e n b a s ic r e fr ig e r a tio n facilities, nor d o e s it m ake sense to deny frozen meat to p e o p le w h o co u ld store it in their freezers. Formerly, U S D A had structured its co m m o d ity fo o d distribution system s o that all Indian com m u nities w ere to receive the same co m m o d ity fo o d items. But, with passage o f the F o o d Stam p A ct o f 1977, this is n o longer so; each com m u nity can indicate its o w n preferences in the types o f fo o d it wants from the list o f fo o d s U S D A says is available to that com m u nity at any particular time. T h is new flexibility built in through the legislative mandate o f the new fo o d stam p and co m m o d ity distribution law, is a significant change in U S D A policy. T h e recognition o f com m u nity differences b oth in types o f fo o d desired and the uses o f th ose fo o d s in the com m u nity m ust be extended to other aspects o f the U S D A program. O n e criteria in the design o f nutrition policy fo r Indians is the recognition that so m e gro u p s have adequate storage facilities and refrigeration w hile others d o not. A secon d poin t to con sider in the delivery o f nutrition services to the Am erican Indian pop u lation is o n e o f local co n tro l and coord in ation o f those services. T o date as I’ ve d e s c r ib e d , th ere are n u m e r o u s available services that co u ld affect the nutrition o f recipients yet these services are n o t coordin ated at the local level, resulting in p o o r utilization. A third area o f p o licy to con sider is nutrition education. T h o se education cam paigns directed tow ard pregnant and lactating m others, adolescents, children, and infants am on g the Indian p o p u la t io n n e ed to p r e s e n t inform ation in a form which d o e s not require literacy to understand, but w h ich can b e st r e n g t h e n e d o r im p roved by written inform ation for so m e m em bers o f the population. N utrition edu cation am on g the above grou ps also needs to direct atten tion to w a rd sp e c ific sin gle behavioral goals. T h e content o f the fou r fo o d grou ps for pop u lation w ho linguistically o r culturally d o not gro u p f o o d accordin g to con cep ts o f m ea t a n d p r o te in , c e r e a l an d c a r b o h y d r a t e f o o d s , fru its and vegetables, and m ilk fo o d s is unlikely t o ch ange eatin g habits. Sin gle behavioral m essages w hich direct individuals to single behavioral goals o v er a short p e riod o f tim e may be m ore effective. O n ce again, local differences m ust be recognized and nutrition education be allow ed to serve oth er locallydesired goals as lo n g as pursuit o f those g o a ls d o e s n o t in te r fe r e w ith p r om o tio n o f the nutritional message. M any grou p s wish t o find m echanism s to display their written language for English literate, bilingual speakers w h o d o n ot read the native language. Local dual language materials fo r so m e tribes may b e appealing. O thers may wish to stren gth en o r reestablish certain cultural images and patterns which have been associated with fo o d use. O th ers wish t o p rom o te use o f traditional food s. In o rd er to recognize local differences, U S D A will need to find ways fo r providin g appropriate technical assistance to su p p ort local p r o d u c t i o n an d d is t r ib u t io n o f materials. H opefully, a sim ple means o f evaluating can also b e developed. G overn m en t p r om o tio n o f local a dap tation and d e v e lo p m e n t o f material needs to g o b ey o n d the idea o f leaving nutrition education u p to local program m a n a ge rs. R a th er governm ental program s shou ld set m ajor them es for their educational goals and em phasize local grou p p rod u ction o f materials, while at the sam e tim e providin g the needed financial and technical support. A final poin t to consider in the structuring o f nutrition policy for Indian pop u lation s is that lack o f coordin ation is n o t on ly a prob lem at the local level, bu t at the federal level as w ell. ( R e p r in t e d fr o m N IH B) �Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 Page 11 Tidal pow er plans explained By Dr. Normand Laberge PL E A SA N T P O IN T — T h e primary requisite for the site selection o f a tidal proje ct is the availability o f a tidal range large enough to deserve further c o n s id e r a t io n and a n a ly s is . Passam aquoddy Bay and C o b s c o o k Bay are tw o regions where the tidal range is sufficiently large. A t the present time, an average tidal range w h ich ex c e e d s eigh teen feet is co m m o n ly accepted as the low er limit fo r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f an econom ically and technically feasible project. T h is d o e s n o t infer that sites with tidal range less than eighteen feet cannot be proven feasible. However, additional factors w ou ld have to exist to counterbalance the low er tidal • range. T h is discu ssion will fo cu s o n the single-pool m eth od o f developm ent. In the case o f a sin gle-pool project, the generation o f p o w er is very sim ilar to the o p e ra tio n o f a run-of-river hydroelectric plant. T h e im poundm ent area is com prised o f one tidal basin which serves as the sou rce o f potential energy. Ideally, the tidal basin "would have a single entrance with a shallow and a narrow open in g which w ould minimize the am ount o f material needed for im poundm ent. Physical com pon en ts for the p r oject are as follow s: (1) rock fill dam with clay co re to maintain im perviousn ess (2) pow erhouse, a con crete structure, placed in mid-channel and used to h ou se the turbine, generator, and r e la t e d m e c h a n i c a l / e le c t r i c a l equipm ent; (3) sluice gates to fill and em pty the tidal basin under various conditions; and (4) switching station f o r i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n s w ith th e transm ission network. T h e appearance o f the tidal proje ct will b e nearly identical to the rockfill structure (causeway) w hich presently connects C arlow Island to the Pleasant Point Reservation. T h e inclusion o f a concrete p ow erh ou se and sluice gates w o u ld b e th e o n ly n o tic e a b le differences in outward appearance. Th e operation o f the pow er plant can probably b e best explained by d e scrib in g th e actual p r o c e d u r e e m p lo y e d fo r p o w e r p rod u ction . A s s u m in g th at th e p r o j e c t is c o n s t r u c t e d an d " o n - l in e ” the , generation o f p o w er w ou ld p roceed in the follow in g sequence: 1. at high tide, the gates are closed which interrupts the norm al exchange from the tidal basin. 2. with time, the level exterior to the tidal basin continu es to recede in accordance with the norm al behavior o f the tides. 3. a difference betw een the water elevation o f the tidal basin and C o b s c o o k Bay is thereby form ed as a result o f the im poundm ent; this elevation difference is defined as the hydraulic head w hich provides the sou rce o f potential power. 4. Th e basin level remains at its controlled high p o o l elevation until a sufficient head is built u p across the dam; typical values range from 4 feet to 8 feet fo r long tim e duration and m a x im u m p o w e r p r o d u c t i o n , respectively. 5. Tidal waters are then released th rough the tu rbin es p r o d u cin g electricity. 6. Pow er generation continu es until the rising level o f C o b s c o o k Bay d ic t a t e s th e t e r m in a t io n o f produ ction; the controllin g factor is o n ce again the limiting head which in this case appears betw een the rising sea level and steadily decreasing basin level. 7. T h e gates w hich co n tro l the em ptying o f the basin are open ed com pletely at the end o f production, this allow s the basin level and the C o b s c o o k Bay level to equalize. 8. W ith the gates open the tidal basin is now free to fill to its natural high tide level. This procedu re is repeated with every tide fo r the prod u ction o f intermittent electricity. T h is operating m o d e is k n o w n as s in g le - p o o l p r o d u c t i o n f r o m b a s in - to - s e a . V ariations to this m od e o f operation include sea-to-basin prod u ction when related to the square o f the hydraulic head, th e a m ou n t o f electricity generated from the p r oject will also vary in accordance w ith the available tidal range as determ ined by the length o f prod u ction time and b y the value o f th e.hydraulic head. A varying pow er prod u ction level can not b e o v ercom e by any design changes; however, the ^predictability in the m agnitude o f tides can still b e sch edu led years in advance o f actual production. T h e tides will p r od u ce m ore pow er fo r higher tidal ranges and less pow er for low er tidal ranges---- an inevitable co n se­ qu en ce o f the tidal function. But h ow m uch pow er co u ld be delivered to the area from a project such as H alf-M oon Cove.7 In this case, the pow er plant w ou ld have an installed capacity o f 8,000 kilowatts (KW ) and generate approxim ately 30,000,000 kilowatt-hour (K W H) o f Poetry Senabeh A map o f his life drawn on his face his eyes sad and slightly stuped His greying hair drawn, back, binded. His walk bending slightly forward, his head full of wisdom partly unused. Red Hawk Untitled The freshest cool air returned me to that night we slept beneath an open window in spring. It stirred inside me like memories o f a million spring nights before so far away so pure. Pancake ice, Cobscook Bay, near Pleasant Point. the occu ren ce o f low tide triggers the p r e p a r a t io n fo r tid a l p o w e r generation. A m ore sophisticated p r o c e d u r e c o m b in e s sea-to-basin operation and basin-to-sea operation; however, a reversible turbine unit w ou ld b e required for this m od e o f operation at an added expense. Th e tides are a renewable sou rce o f energy that will continu e to be available and predictable both in terms o f time and magnitude. Th e regular tidal function also prod u ces tw o peculiarities that have to be properly considered in the design o f a tidal pow er plant. T h e first concern refers to high tide w hich occu rs fifty minutes later each succeeding day. Since the p o w e r p r o d u c t i o n s c h e d u le is intrinsically related to the occu ren ce o f high tide, this behavior com plicates th e in te g r a tio n o f tid a l p o w e r prod u ction within the regional network. However, the predictable nature o f the tides m akes it p o ssib le to prepare a sch edu le which determ ines the exact time when tidal pow er is available for regional demand. It should also be noted that the output from a small p r oject is m uch m ore easily absorbed into an electrical network than for large installations. Th e variations in the tides observed in C o b s c o o k Bay during a two-week p e riod can range from 12 feet up to 27 feet. S in ce the electrical en ergy prod u ced from a tidal pow er is directly energy per year. A ssum ing that a typical h ou seh old use 6,400 K W H o f electricity annually, the tidal project c o u l d th e o r e t ic a lly s u p p ly th e electrical dem ands for nearly five thousand hom es. T h is estimate is based o n the assu m ption that tidal p o w er will b e used at the sam e time electricity is produced. In practice, the load dem and curve doesn't always co in cid e with the tidal p o w e r p r o d u c t io n sch edu le. T h e electrical dem ands are also continu ou s and not interm ittent like the supply from a sin gle-pool project. Therefore, H alf-M oon C o v e by itself w ou ld be unable to supply the continuous, or base-load, requirem ents o f the region. Bangor H yd roelectric C om p an y and Eastern M aine E lectric C ooperative w ou ld still continu e to su pply their regular service, but com plem en ted by tidal pow er. If w e n ow assum e that the tidal proje ct will b e prod u cin g pow er forty percent o f the time, H alf-M oon C ove's ou tpu t w ou ld service twelve thousand h om es during various times o f the prod u ction and load dem and schedule. T h e tidal p r oject co u ld som etim es su pply energy fo r m ost o f W ash in gton County. E D IT O R S'S N O T E : Dr. Laberge is co-ordinating a planned tidal pow er dem onstration proje ct o n H alf-M oon C o v e , at th e P a s s a m a q u o d d y reservation. Red Hawk 1977 Untitled Your eyes shine out from beneath your hair. In that familiar smile I love so much. When I got angry with you one day, I turned around and your face struck me. You were me twenty years ago. Then I remembered to have patience and love in my heart especially for children. bare, chubby child, shy, mischief tangly gleaming hair bright eyes he named you. Red Hawk 1976 �Page 12 Wabanaki Alliance April 1980 news Migrant worker aid up for grabs 0R0N0 — Seasonal, migrant farm workers in Maine may find themselves eligible for up to $350 in “ ergency crisis em assistance” funds, through a federal program now underway. Maine has received $109,109 from the Community Services Administration, and for those persons m eeting guidelines, the money is available until June 30. Farm work under CSA definitions includes fishing, agricultural crops, livestock, agri­ cultural processing, and forest-related production. Although primarily for emergency fuel relief, allowable expenditures cover be­ sides fuel (gas, oil, kerosene, wood, coal and electricity): winter clothing, blankets, rent, food, wood stoves and medical ex­ penses excluding dental work. For further information contact Larry Lack, Steuben, Maine, by calling Bangor, 947-4155 (collect). Jobs offered in Aroostook County notes Flashback photo Schaghticokes powwow AVON, Mass. — The New England Coastal Schaghticoke Indian powwow is scheduled May 3-4, at Baptist Church hall. North Main Street. Indian dancing and singing are planned, along with refresh­ ments including traditional fry bread. Hours are Saturday, 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., and Sunday, 1:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. No alcoholic beverages are allowed. Millennia party planned CONCORD, Mass. — A group calling itself “ Millennia”plans a ceremonial cele­ bration of native people (Indians), May 3-4, at Watuppa Reservation. Drumming, singing, dancing, discussions, pot luck food, arts and crafts and a spiritual great circle are on the agenda. For m ore information contact Massa­ chusetts Commission on Indian Affairs. Clarification A story about a court hearing involving Michael Benete (or Bennett) in last month’ Wabanaki Alliance included a s statement by Bennett that he had asked permission to camp on Indian Island from Tribal Administrator Andrew Akins. Akins said this month the Bennett never made any such request, and that had he done so, Akins would have told him that it was not his (Akins’ authority to grant ) such permission. PRESQUE ISLE — Aroostook County Action Program, Inc. (ACAP) announces that applications are now available to economically disadvantaged Aroostook County youth for nearly 400 summer jobs in the summer youth employment program. The summer youth employment pro­ gram is funded through a grant from the (Continued from page 1) Maine Office of CETA Planning. Summer members of the community are forming a employment wall begin on or about June 16, at worksites in public or private non­ community newsletter, Wolamewakon, profit agencies and corporations and wall .which is Passamaquoddy for truth. In a state of policy the editors have said, “ We continue for 8 weeks. Participating youth view the paper as a vehicle of positive will receive the minimum wage for up to 32 hours per week. Enrollees in the change; as a catalyst for improved pro­ summer youth employment program must grams for children; as an advocate for the be economically disadvantaged in accord­ segm ent of the reservation who have no voice or do not have the means or experi­ ance with CETA guidelines and between ence to have their views made known.” 14 and 21 years of age. Applications are available at the Maine Job Service offices, the WIN office, town offices, and at school guidance and prin­ cipal’offices. Applications are also avail­ s JOHN M. MITCHELL able at the three ACAP Employment and INDIAN ISLAND — John M. Mitchell, Training Centers located at 18 Dyer St., 54, former governor of the Penobscot Presque Isle, tel. 764-3721; 794 W. Main Nation and former representafive to the St., Madawaska, tel. 728-6345; and 91Vt Legislature from the Penobscot tribe, died Military St., Houlton, tel. 532-9526. The April 9, 1980 at a Bangor hospital. toll free number to the Presque Isle office Mitchell, a W orld War Tw o veteran of is 1-800-432-7881. A roo sto ok County the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Marines, was youth, 14 to 21 years of age, who feel they a former member of the Orono Kiwanis may meet the income guidelines are en­ Club and former chairman of the Indian couraged to apply as soon as possible. Island Housing Authority. He was employed as job coordinator for Resources d e g r e e the Young Adult Conservation Corps (YACC). option for Indians He is survived by his wife, Dolores ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. - The Univer(Sappier) Mitchell, and two sons. sity of Albuquerque recently established A Mass of Christian Burial was cele­ its two-year Associate of Science Degree brated at St. Ann’ Catholic Church, s in Resource Management. Indian appli­ Indian Island. The Rev. John Civiello cants are wanted. officiated. Art Weisel, who coordinates the re­ source management program and who helped design its content for the Uni­ versity of Albuquerque, said, “ has It SU PPLIES become more difficult — just when it has e d g e 148 Page become urgent — for local people every­ rn tfc Cata| 0g where to control what happens to their The w orld's largest natural resources. It has become neces­ Indian Crafts Catalog. Mere than 4,000 Items sary to have an understanding o f science to choose tram! and technology, and to apply to it an Trade Beads, Tin Cones, Brass Beads. Moire Tafleta understanding of business administration Ribbon, Ermine Skins, methods." Bone Elk Teeth, Shawl For more information on the Associate _ . , Fringe and Ybm. For free catalog, ___ _ of Science Degree in Resource Manage­ write Dept. 4 ® R f Y O W L m ment, contact Art Weisel, University of Indian Craft Manufacturing Co. ^ Albuquerque, St. Joseph Place NW, \J 5 0 -Q 2 Beaver Rd. Jamaica,N Y 212 5 2 6 -3 8 6 0 / Albuquerque, New Mexico 87140. G rip es aired Obituary IN IA CR FT D N A CORPUS CHRISTI, many years ago, at Indian Island, was a big event. Seen walking to ceremony, from left, are A gnes Mario, Ada Sockbeson, Mabel Neptune, Yvonne Lola, Margaret Ranco. Henry Sockbeson is at far left, behind the ladies. [Photo courtesy of Mildred Akins]. Judge blocks Alaska offshore oil leases A federal judge issued an injunction Jan. 22 to block the awarding o f oil leases in the Beaufort Sea off the North Slope o f Alaska. Judge Aubrey Robinson, Jr., said the leases cannot be awarded because the government has violated the provisions of environmental legislation and an act pro­ tecting endangered species. Nine environ­ mental groups and two Eskimo villages opposed awarding the leases. % WABANAKI CORPORATION ALCOHOLISM COUNSELORS AND THEIR LOCATIONS: Old Town Rosalie Clark 866-5577 Clarence Francis 866-5577 Pleasant Point Grace Roderick 853-2537 Ralph Dana 853-2537 Northern Maine Alfred Dana 866-5577 Caribou Area Pious Perley 532-7317 Harriet Perley 532-7317 Portland Area George Paul 499-7589 Indian Township Bernard Stevens 796-2301 James Mitchell 796-2301 Recently, a joint sale by the Alaskan State Government and the Federal Government of rights to drill on 800 square miles o f the Beaufort Sea floor produced bids of over $ 1 billion. Dig in! HARDWARE & GUM SHOP TOM VICAIRE, Proprietor The only Indian-owned hardware business in the State o f Maine “ e’ eager to do business with people W re in the Indian community,”says Tom. The store carries a full line o f tools, electrical and plumbing supplies, paint and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine new and used guns. See Our Garden Supplies and Tools For all your hardware and hunting needs, visit — MATTAWAMKEAG HARDWARE & GUN SHOP and sample some good Indian hospitality and service. Keep in touch . . . Subscribe now! M AIL T O W ABAN AK I ALLIANCE, 95 M AIN STR EET, O R O N O , M A IN E 04473 W A B A N A K I A L L IA N C E S U B S C R I P T IO N F O R M (Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance) Name ............. ^ . Street .................. I EN CLOSE: 1 1 for one year $5 ....... 1 1 ___ (Individual—U.S.) 1 for one year $6 1___1 _ (Canada) I$10 for one year 1__ 1 _ (Institutional rate) City/Town and State . ......................................... [Donation (Amount) Zip Code --- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Other Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (April 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Division of Indian Services, Indian Resource Center, Orono, ME Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-04 Language A language of the resource English Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Digital files provided by Donald Soctomah and Meredith Ricker.<br />Metadata provided by Daisy Blake and Daniel In, University of Southern Maine, Class of 2021 Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 19 October 2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used in consultation with Steven Cartwright, editor of the <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em>. https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/11c3812c75deeb5098b2f20a8e152b2f.pdf 21347f4b389bcdd64248aea46f07e532 PDF Text Text W aban aki A llia n ce t ol the Penobscot Nation and Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. 1982 Augusta bill killed Phillips saves tribes' free hunting, trapping AUGUSTA — Successful lobbying by compromise, not to charge non-Indians a Penobscot representative to the state any additional fees [above the required legislature caused a bill that would have state license] for hunting on Indian lands ended free Indian hunting to be withdrawn — including 140,000 acres of newlyacquired territory. before it got to the floor. Rep. Bonnie Post, an Owls Head Demo Reuben E. Phillips, non-voting tribal representative to state government, said crat who sponsored the bill to repeal free that if the bill had been introduced on the licenses for Indians, was reportedly furious floor, to the Legislature, “ it would have that the committee reversed itself and withdrew her proposal. Ironically, Post been passed so fast it would have made was on a land claims legislative committee your head spin.” For years, Maine Indians have enjoyed that was closely involved with the settle ment. Phillips said the Indians “ clearly free hunting, trapping and fishing privi understood” during negotiations, that leges, but following the recent S85 million federal settlement awarded the Penobscots they would keep free hunting, trapping and and Passamaquoddys, some legislators fishing privileges. However, Phillips explained that he be sought to stop the practice. Phillips called lieves “ constituents have been rattling it a land claims “ backlash.” the cages of the legislators,” and that Another idea, also dropped, was to have “ reciprocity,” whereby if non-Indians had there will be attacks on programs and to buy permits to hunt on tribal lands, policies that benefit Indians. Phillips’ then Indians would have to pay the . > « mcre*c with_tbe committee will benefit P:\ssamaquoadys, eve-- uro>. amount for a permit to hunt on non(Continued on page 5) Indian territory. Phillips said he had to work fast with the Legislature’ s Fisheries and Wildlife Committee to overturn the bill, on which the committee had already voted an oughtto-pass. “ I’ very satisfied I got the bill m killed,” Phillips told Wabanaki Alliance. “ It was a victory, but we had to give som e There is clearlv no generation gap here, between the Rev. John CmeHo, P ^*0'° f S ' thing up,” he said. See page 4. Ann’s Church at Indian Island, and Carissa Norwood, daughter of Edie and Vincent Killing the bill had its price. Phillips said the Penobscots have agreed, as a Norwood of indian Island. Carissa just turned two years old. Will tribe own this paper? All smiles Indians fry German booze treatment INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Three members of this Passamaquoddy community, plus a Penobscot from Indian Island, have volun teered to join a “ pilot project” that in volves six months of intensive alcoholism treatment at a W est German clinic. They will fly to Germany later this month. Kevin, Howard and Charles Stevens of Indian Township, and Elwin [Al] Sapiel of Indian Island, have all acknowledged a drinking problem, and hope to not only conquer their own alcoholism, but intend to return and counsel others addicted to booze. Sapiel said for him, it’s a “ once in a lifetime opportunity . . . I had 15 minutes to decide, ana I said I’d go.” The man behind these unusual develop ments is Wolfgang Ritter, 62, a German citizen and former POW during World War II, at a camp located on the Indian Township reservation. Ritter discovered (Continued on page 9) Per capita goes smoothly INDIAN ISLAND — Although not fully understood by some tribal members, the distribution of quarterly per capita payments — earned from the land claims trust fund — is apparently going smoothly here. “ Everything is going real well,” com mented Deanna Labossiere, who is in charge of the operation at the office of tribal Gov. Timothy Love. The Penobscots have the use of half o f a $27 million trust fund; the Passamaquoddys earn proceeds from the other half. All of the funds are invested, and are supervised by the U.S. Interior Department. The senior citizens of each tribe have a set-aside of SI million, benefits o f which go directly to the elderly. There are about 1,500 Penobscots eligible for payments, and 2,000 Passa maquoddys. The Penobscots voted to return about 30 percent of their earnings for tribal use (such as reinvestment and funding the fire department), but the Passamaquoddys voted to distribute 100 percent of the interest earned oh trust funds. (Continued on page 7) Frauds [Bobcat] Sapiel, left, a Penobscot, presents W olfgang Ritter with ceremonial carved war club. �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance April 1982 Off-reservation impact It’ a touchy topic: the old-timers on the reservation versus the s newcomers — those who, in greater and greater numbers — are returning to the Island, or the Point, or the Township, Things didn’ change for so many decades and then, pow, some t drastic changes occurred, many due to the decade of Maine Indian land claims work, and the resulting settlement. Not that tension between reservation and off-reservation Indians is anything new. It's been going on for generations. Some say the smart ones got out, went away and made money. Others say the true Indians didn’ abandon their homeland, they stayed and t worked very hard for their people. Those that moved away didn’ t give a damn about their own people. These are extremes, although there is probably some truth in all of the statements. What is certainly true is that people — Penobscot and Passamaquoddy people — are moving home to the reservation, even if it’ a home they never knew. s Besides the strain on services such as roads, sewer, school and so forth, there is the psychological strain on the existing com munity. It’ not uncommon to hear a longtime resident of the Island say s they don’ know people anymore, as strangers drive by, to the new t housing. Used to be you knew everybody. If a stranger appeared on the word gin around pretty fast on who it was. Of course, the biggest influx of strangers occurs every Sunday night, for the state’ biggest bingo game. But those folks drive on, s and drive off. They are not tribal members. The newcomers who come to live on the reservation are indeed tribal members, although for some it’ a recen t1discovery. ’’ s ‘ Some are, you might say, “ bom again Indians.” But before anybody gets hot under the collar, let’ call for some understand s ing. These newcomers all have some sort of roots on the reserva tion, else they w ouldn’ be allowed to return. One must, the law t says, be at least quarter-blood Penobscot. The influx of newcomers is a price of progress, of improvements to the community such as a health clinic and the new housing, and it is the price of resolving the land claims case for $81 million. There is no reason why newcomers shouldn’ find a warm t welcome, unless they themselves reject it, or reject the com m unity’ already established standards of conduct. s But what of planning? What does the future hold for a com munity that is rocked by change, by growth and many conflicts? Community leaders would be wise to sit down and carefully plan for the future. Growth should be controlled. There may be an optimum population on Indian Island, for example. People still wave to one another [and to strangers] on the reser vations in Maine. Goodwill seems to prevail, but there are mutterings, grumblings. If people stop waving, watch out. Q u o t a b le “Such action would carry a simple but shameful message: when the law gives Indians a substantial claim to land taken by white men which the regular courts of justice may sustain, the white men will change the rules rather than permit a decision according to existing law. A broader message would be inferred: Indians cannot obtain justice even in the white man’ courts.” s — Prof, Archibald Cox of Harvard taw School, commenting on proposed bill to limit eastern tribes’ land claims to money damages only. 'Sorry, boss, I'm g o n n a b e Safe foday' Guest column Love chides Bangor paper by Timothy R. Love Penobscot Tribal Governor For the second time in four months the Bangor Daily News has made the big push to revoke a negotiated term of the Land aims Settlement Act — in this instance, state hunting, trapping, and fishing li censes provided eligible Indian people within the State o f Maine. To refresh your memory . . . we did pay. There are numerous terms in which the tribes conceded to the State o f Maine for a few concessions in return. And even before the ink had a chance to dry on the docu ment the News and its “ clones” came wagging their forked tongues to attempt a rewrite o f the good faith terms that were negotiated. Let me clarify a few points: (1) Contrary to the poor memory of some state officials and the News, it is in black and white that any legislation altering the terms o f the negotiated settlement must be reviewed by the Tribal State Commission for a recommendation to the legislature. This is basic to the future relationship of the tribes and the State o f Maine. (2) Concessions made by the state and agreed to by the tribes, attorney general, governor’ office and Legislature included: s Wabanaki Alliance (a) continued scholarship assistance to tribes. Status? Governor’ office did not s make a request to the legislature — good bye? (b) continued funding for operations of the Tribal Reservation Housing Authori ties. Status? Governor’ office submitted s a request for funding with som e language in fine print which said something like, “ Here is my request, but you don’ have to t fund it if you don’ want to.” State welches t . . . now in federal court. (c) Continued hunting, trapping, fishing licenses for resident Indian people of Maine. Status? Out o f the dark came slithering a bill to repeal the license, but was caught in the “ nick o f time” and was referred to the Tribal State Commission where it should have gone in the first place. (d) Not all is lost though because the Mortgage Insurance Program which guarantees standard housing loans for Indian residents on the reservation is about to be cranked up again after a threeyear lull. Fortunately, this does not require an appropriation. The Penobscot Nation has, to date, kept its end of the bargain. The question is, when is the state goin g to do so? Vol. 6, No. 4 April 1982 Published monthly by Wabanaki Alliance, through a sustaining grant from the Penobscot Nation, under contract with Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. Offices at 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by the Penobscot Times Company. Printed by the Ellsworth American. Reporters Diane Newell Wilson Brenda Polchies Board of Directors Jean Chavaree, Penobscot Nation, [chairman] Donna Loring, Penobscot Nation Jeannette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Phone827-6219 Phone532-9442 Indian Island Old Tow s Old Town A non-profit corporation. Contributions are deductible for income tax puip&sesf. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; § 6 Canada and overseas; S10 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.] �Page 3 Wabanaki Alliance April 1982 Misleading Parker, Ariz. To the editor: W e are writing in regard to an article in your newspaper’ February edition en s titled “Indian Paper Bites the Dust.” The article is most misleading and inaccurate. The Manataba M essenger did not “cease regular publication.” It has simply changed its format from a weekly fullsized edition to a regularly scheduled tabloid newspaper. The staff was not “fired” but some were laid-off due to a reduced need in personnel. The article further states that “Costs were prohibitive, and the M essenger’ s quality deteriorated after LaCourse left the paper, and Joan Travis took over as editor.” We take great exception to your inference that Joan Travis is responsible for spiraling costs and has caused a de terioration in the quality of the news paper. You are entitled to your opinion; however, the fact is that the circulation of the Messenger continued to grow under the leadership of Joan and many letters commending her for the quality of the newspaper have been received. Further more, not only newspapers but many other businesses are having a difficult time financially in these days of growing inflation. However, Joan Travis is not the cause. Travis Nopah Juanita Phelps Will answer all Norway To the editor: My name is Gloria Martens and I am interested in writing to anyone from Old Town. My great-grandfather, Sockalexis Newell, was a chief of the Penobscots and lived in Old Town. Anyone who might have known him, please write. Anyone else who would like a pal, please write. I am 29, a divorced mother with four children. Will answer all. Gloria Martens 155 Main St. Norway, Maine 04268 Irresponsible Parker, Ariz. To the editor: I received the February issue of the “Wabanaki Alliance” and was quite sur prised to note that under the headline — “Indian paper bites the dust” — that you were referring to the “Manataba M es senger." I find the headline very misleading and irresp on sible journalism . Th e “M es senger” has not bit the dust, but is very much alive and kicking. The major change was the format, from a weekly full-sized newspaper to a monthly tabloid size. The last weekly issue was Jan. 1 and the monthly will be out every third week of the month. Another point to clear up was the “M essenger” staff was never FIRED — LAID OFF — if you will. There is quite a bit of difference between those terms, ‘ laid off and ‘ fired.’ It is true I will remain on staff as well as graphic designer, Travis Nopah. I find it quite interesting that you feel the quality of the “M essenger" deteriorated after founding editor, Richard LaCourse left. We received reports quite to the contrary. Everyone is entitled to his opinions. Joan M. Travis Editor Rising Sun To the editor: I am writing this letter of request to be placed on your mailing list. I am the editor of our newsletter, Rising Sun, for United American Indians of Delaware Valley, Inc., located in Philadelphia, Pennsyl vania. We like to include news about other Indian groups or organizations. I have enclosed a copy of our newsletter for your enjoyment. We thank you for your consideration in this matter. Anthony W. Edwards Unhappy people Indian Island To the editor: The Concerned Citizens Committee was rooted from the Community Task force. As they met, they learned there were a lot o f unhappy people that had grievances and questions, dealing with our tribal matters. They, the Concerned Citizens Committee, had no answers, so they were determined to learn just about everything concerning Penobscot tribal business — through the tribal, state and federal laws, guidelines and procedures, so they could provide the best possible answers and avenues to the people concerned. This became our first priority, as this was what the people were con cerned with, at this time. Some griev ances were left in limbo, through the system, and they had no other recourse but to seek outside assistance. These meetings are open to all, on and off the reservation, to Penobscots and families. The meetings are pub lished, time and place, in the flyer. Watch for the next meeting and come. All are welcome. Alice Fowler, Chairman Irene Pardilla, Vice Chairman Does anyone know? LaHabra, Ca. To the editor: I’ doing the genealogy of my hus m band’ family, and find that his real s mother died when he was four years old, and he was put up for adoption. We heard from a real uncle (now deceased) that his mother was a pretty, Indian girl from Old Town, Me. We know she was born Dec. 1,1894 in Londonderry, Nova Scotia. Does the name, Virginia Arlene Rushton mean anything to any of your sub scribers? I will gladly return the postage to anyone who can help me. Catherine Truelsen 641 W oodcrest Ave. LaHabra, Ca. 90631 Only news pa per Fort Kent To the editor: First, I would like to thank Sarah Lund of Fort Kent for introducing me to Wabanaki Alliance. This is the first and only news paper that I subscribe to. I am of Maliseet descent — my family being from the Sept-Iles, Maine area (head waters of the St. John River north western part o f the state). Would it be possible for the paper to include something on Indian family trees? Keep up the good work, and good luck. E. D. Nicolas CAPABLE COLLECTORS — A new enterprise is underway on Indian Island, operated by David Hamilton, right, and John Love. Hamilton signed a year-long S5,200 contract with the Penobscot Nation to collect trash from homes on the reservation. He said he invested $2,500 in his 1971 Chevy track; he has also bought the former Love’ Amoco s garage. Hamilton and Love will perform auto repairs and reconditioning by request. Pearson to challenge Sewall for Senate beginning with his election to the Old OLD TOWN — Rep. Michael Pearson has announced he will seek election to Town city council in 1969. He held that seat for six years, serving as chairman of State Senate District 27, which runs from the Island Falls-Sherman area of southern the council in 1972. Pearson attended Higgins Classical Aroostook County to include MattawamInstitute in Charleston, but graduated keag, Lincoln, Howland, Glenburn, Cor from both Old Town High School, and inth, Old Town and Indian Island. Pearson is a four-term member of the later, University of Maine at Orono, where he received a BS in history and Maine House of Representatives, is serv ing his second term as chairman of the government. legislature’ appropriations and financial s A teacher, Pearson has taught in How affairs committee, which oversees the land, and at Brewer High School for the state budget and controls all state past 14 years. rearson win oppose oen. expenditures. Pearson has spent 12 years in politics. Joseph Sewall, an Old Town Republican. A great love Indian Township To the editor: Enclosed is a check for a renewal for two subscriptions: one for myself, and one for Sister Jeanette in Portland. I read her letter in the last issue of Wabanaki Alliance and felt that this would be a small token of my great love and appreciation for all that she did for me when I was her pupil at St. Anne’ School, s Peter Dana Point. Her caring and confi dence in a shy young Indian girl with very little self confidence paid off. I am now a bilingual teacher at the Indian Township School. I hope to be reading your paper for a very long time. Lorraine Gabriel Ritter An understanding Dietzenbach, West Germany To the editor: Thank you for your regular mailing of the excellent newspaper, Wabanaki Al liance, and thank you again for supplying us with all the issues from 1977 on. W e had them all wrapped up into a book and you, and probably nobody, can imagine what a mass o f valued information about native Americans we can gather. We classified the stories and — believe it or not — by studying these articles, we get an understanding and feeling of native Americans — especially the tribes o f Maine. The Wabanaki Alliance is worth to be read from the first to the last line, thanks to your good journalism. You inform about History, Politics, Leg ends and even about gossips. We wish we had a German newspaper covering all items above for such small communities. Gertrud and W olfgang Ritter subscribe! A gift Bass Harbor To the editor: I am enclosing $5, wishing you to enter a subscription to be sent to Ruth Chobit, 29 Haxon Street, Brockton, Mass. 02402. She is my daughter. Doris M. Johnson They helped Manchester, N.H. To the editor: On Dec. 1st, 1981, I was burned out o f my home in Manchester. New Hampshire. I lost everything, but what I had on my back. These Indian people came to me, and gave me a place to stay and fed and clothed me, until I was on my feet. These Indian people are ChiricahuaApaches. Their names are Mr.and Mrs. William Bolding. They live in Goffstown, New Hampshire. I thank them not just for myself, but other Indians that are in this area. These Indian people are dedicated to other Indian people, in time of need, no matter what it may be. I would like the Indian people and whoever reads the newspaper to see what Indian people do for one another. Thank you for your time, and may God go with you. Clarence Mike Baer Penobscot �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance April 1982 First Indian principal at reservation school resigns TED MITCHELL, counselor to Indian students at University of Maine at Orono, admires UMO exhibit of posters by Passamaquoddy children, on the theme of wood heat safety. Ending Indian act bias termed expensive for Canada OTTAWA, Canada — Canadian tax payers would be billed something like $300-$500 million to eradicate discrimina tion in the Indian Act, according to a front page story in Indian News. The recent report said a 13-page cabinet document, kept secret for a considerable time, discloses that reinstating Indian women who have lost their status would be very expensive. In Canada, under the act, Indian women who marry non-Indians lose their rights and status. They can no longer live on the reservation, or receive benefits as Indians, for themselves and their children. However, Indian men who marry nonIndians are not subject to the same discrimination. Proposed changes would stipulate that children of “mixed” marriages would retain Indian status. The effect would add 140 children the first year, 7,700 by the tenth year, and 80,000 children after 40 years, authorities said. An even m ore staggering proposal would give Indian status to children of women who have already lost status. A problem may crop up if newly-enfran chised Indian women and their families choose — in large numbers — to live on reservations. There simply will not be enough space, the report stated. The government document proposes: • An Indian woman would not lose her status or rights regardless of whom she married. • The non-Indian husband would not become Indian but could live on the reserve and have political rights, subject to any residency requirements imposed by the band. • Should the Indian woman die, the nonIndian husband would retain his rights. • Should a divorce occur, the non-In dian husband would lose his rights. ORONO — Want something worthwhile to do? If you are age 19 or over, you can b e a big brother or big sister to a needy' child, Indian or non-Indian. You won’ make money, but you may get t a lot of personal satisfaction out of helping a youngster out. For further information, call Eve Ott Or one of her staff, at the Big Brother/Big Sister office, 95 Main st., Orono, Me. 04473. The phone number is 866-4903. Members o f all tribes are invited to participate in the program. VATICAN CITY — Four Canadian Indians met with Pope John Paul II recent ly, to complain that a new Canadian constitution will violate their treaty rights. Indian Association o f Alberta President Eugene Steinhauer was quoted in Native People as saying the trip was a “ success. W e spent about 20 minutes with the pope. He said he understood the question and would try his best to help. “ W e’ asking him to try and tell the re British and Canadian governments that what they are trying to do would violate human rights.” Steinhauer claims Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau has ignored Indian pleas for protection of lands and rights, under the pending revised consti tution. wish them luck, and I hope they find a person who fits in,” he added. He com mented that he had hoped for a much longer stay with the Passamaquoddys; “it’ sad to leave it . . . I loved the s children.” Vandall’ family is involved in educa s tion. His brother is a dean at a western Indian college. A native of North Dakota, he attended W olf Point School system, on a Montana reservation. He earned his BS and m aster’ degree in education from s Westfield State College, Massachusetts, and has attended University of Hartford, American Internationa] College, and Uni versity of Maine at Orono. For ten years, Vandall was principal of Warsaw Junior High School in Pittsfield. He has been principal of the elementary school in Mattawamkeag, and pre-vocational teacher at Mattanawcook High School in Lincoln, where he currently makes his home. Vandall said what brought him to New England was marrying a Massachusetts girl. He and his wife have two daughters. BIA budget totals $943 million WASHINGTON — The 1982 Interior appropriations bill passed by Congress and expected to be signed by President Reagan provides $943 million for the operation of Indian programs, facility con struction and road construction. The bill provides $258.1 million for Indian education programs, including $26 million for Johnson-O’ Malley programs and $52.7 million for continuing education. Funding for Indian services is $232.5 million, an increase of $3.6 million over 1981. Housing was increased to $30.1 million from $22.7 million and the NavajoHopi settlement program was reduced from $12.7 million to $4.2 million. Aid to tribal government, law enforce ment and social services w ere increased slightly and self-determination services reduced slightly. The appropriation for economic de velopment and employment programs is decreased by about $18 million with almost all of the cut in the employment development programs which would re ceive $27.7 million compared with $45.7 million in 1981. There is $8.4 million pro vided for business enterprise development and $19.9 million for road maintenance. The bill provides $83.9 million for natural resource development, a decrease of $3 million from the 1981 level. Trust responsibilities receives an in crease of $2.3 million for a total of $47.3 million. An increase of about $4 million is provided for facilities operation. W abanaki A llia n c e Tribal funding plan_________ Be a big brother Indians appeal to Pope for rights YOUNG READER, Ryan Gabriel Ritter of Indian Township, a Passamaquoddy, visited Indian Island recently. INDIAN TOWNSHIP - Edmund F. Vandall, the first Indian principal at the Catholic-oriented reservation elementary school here, has resigned after serving one year. He has taken a job with Mattawamkeag schools. Vandall, 52, said he had “no comment why” he resigned the principalship, but the Turtle Mountain Chippewa-Cree said he left last month “with much regret.” Edward Spearin of Robbinston, a former school principal, has been named acting head of the Township school, according to the Maine Indian Education in Calais. Prior to Vandall, the school had been continuously under the supervision of a Catholic nun, for at least a century. In recent years, state standards required that the nun be properly certified as a school principal. Also, teaching nuns were required to have educational credentials. Vandall expressed disappointment that conflicts in the perception of his role at the school could not be ironed out. "It was very difficult for me, leaving,” he said. “I PROPOSAL TO THE PENOBSCOT NATION FOR FULL OWNERSHIP OF WABANAKI ALLIANCE The following proposed 1982-1983 budget is the projected minimum need for complete Penobscot Nation sponsorship of the tribal newspaper, Wabanaki Alliance. The budget covers the fiscal year starting July 1, 1982. The editorial board will consist of Penobscot tribal members, and the content of the newspaper will primarily reflect and serve tribal members, both on and off reservation. The background of the newspaper is that it grew out of the services provided by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland, through Diocesan Human Relations Services. The newspaper has been continuously published through Diocesan sponsorship since 1977, but this much appreciated support is no longer available to us. For the past year, the Penobscot Nation has contributed most of the cost of publishing the newspaper, and it seems appropriate that the Nation should take over complete production, if this is the will of the people. Free subscriptions will be provided to each Penobscot tribal member's family, no matter where they live. As proposed, the one-year budget will cost each tribal member §15.50. tribal members decide nc t to fund the newspaper, it will cease publication If EXPENSES: REVENUES: Penobscot Nation....... 23,500 Salaries...................... S 16,500 Subscriptions.......... 2,000 Clerical h e l p ................ 500 i o r r j c .n Typesetting/printing......... Donations.............. 4,000 Postage....................... 1,250 Telephone..................... 1,000 Travel........................ 1,000 Supplies...................... TOTAL $ 28,500 500 Office space/misc............ 1,250 TOTAL S 28,500 �W abanaki Alliance April 1982 Page 5 Free hunting saved (Continued from page 1 } Tribai/State Commission, in this news maquoddy representative to the legislature paper.] Phillips’ strategy was to rush word of did not participate. the impending bill to a meeting of the Opposing free hunting was the commit tee chairman. Rep. Robert MacEachern of Penobscot tribal council, where he first spoke, then obtained a resolution endors Lincoln, a Democrat, and committee mem ber Rep. Paul F. Jacques, a Waterviile ing the compromise — no fees on Indian lands beyond state fees. Democrat. Jacques wanted reciprocity, Phillips said tribal legal counsel. Thomas where Indians would pay the same amount they charged non-Indians to hunt on Indian N. Tureen, has requested an opinion on the understanding of the free licenses land. The Bangor Daily News advocated such from former state attorney general, Richard Cohen, a land claims negotiator a policy in an editorial entitled, “ Indians for the state. should pay.” Meanwhile, Phillips, an independent, The News said, ‘‘ free hunting, fishing has met with Democratic Gov. Joseph and trapping licenses, symbolic privileges Brennan, to discuss improved communica rooted in old treaties and ancestral prece tion. He said he told Brennan such bills dent, are no longer appropriate.” as the one Post proposed could lead to a Phillips was able to stall for time by- “ very strained relationship” between Indians and the state. convincing the Fisheries and Wildlife In other matters, Penobscot tribal Committee that the free hunting issue officials are upset with Brennan for refus should be brought to a newly-formed ing to budget money for Indian scholar Tribal/State Commission, empowered ships. “ Maine Indian Scholarships still under the land claims act to adjudicate matters of mutual interest. The problem exist, but there’ no money in it. That's s was that Passamaquoddys had been slow his [Brennan's] way of getting around it,” in appointing a commission representative, Phillips said. and the commission had not yet held a first The scholarships were formerly funded meeting. [See separate story on _ the at about 550,000 annually. Houlton band moves Barbara Jean Francis Island woman cuts LP INDIAN ISLAND — “ I went out and bought myself a $10 guitar. I took it home and strummed around. I never had guitar lessons, I never had voice lessons.” Quiet-spoken and modest about her talents. Barbara Jean Francis, 29, was recalling how she started into music, at age 13. Her first guitar was a Gene Autrey special. Perhaps it’s her grandfather, Joseph Francis' blood in her veins — but today she has a gentle but strong voice that is anything but amateur, and her playing is simple but effective accompaniment. She now plays an Ovation Applause guitar. Barbara played folk music until about a year-and-one-half ago. when she joined Indian Island's charismatic movement, an offshoot of St. Ann’ Catholic Church. s Now, Barbara is cutting her first LP record album, and it will consist of the music she shares with fellow charismatics. It is religious music, but not restricted to Catholics or any particular denomination. Five of the com positions are Barbara's own, including These Are The Times, a possible title cut. Barbara test-marketed a 45 which included These Are The Times, and sold three-quarters of the 375 press ings, a very encouraging start. She is recording at Charles Street Studios in Bangor, co-owned by Mark Wellman and Galen LaBrie. “ My involvement with the charismatic movement was what persuaded m e” to do the album, Barbara said. “ They said I really brought the holy spirit into the meetings.” Barbara has considered a career in music, ‘‘ but to g o completely professional would be too time-consuming for me. My main interest of all is to share with the charismatic movement.” She has also played weddings, funerals and other occasions. “ I want to share with other people the things . . . the meaning of the words in the song, that the holy spirit put in me,” Barbara said. Other titles of her own compositions are Alleluia, Together W e’ll Earn His Reward, H e’ Made a Place For s Us, and Our Days of Waiting. Barbara would like the album to be a Christian message for all. In som e cuts, she adds a tom-tom [Indian drum] because "this makes the music joyful, and it’s comfortable for the people on the Island because it comes from their culture and heritage.” Barbara's new LP will start with 1,000 pressings, and she is seeking a triballysponsored small business loan to finance the estimated $2,500 cost. Barbara attended St. Joseph ’ Academy s in Biddeford, where she played folk masses, and later earned her GED from Old Town High School. She studied painting at the Institute of American Indian Art in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and has served in the U.S . Air Force. She is the daughter of Alberta and Paul Francis of Indian Island, and has three brothers, Paul, Douglas and Patrick. Wampanoags may file another land suit “What w e are addressing is a lot of HYANNIS, Mass. — An Indian group here says it will file a Si billion suit over illegal landtaking that violated the law,” native lands, taken over the years by non- Peters said. “There are hundreds of Indians, in the southeastern area of the thousands of acres in Massachusetts - which w ere illegally taken for townships. state. “W e’ not too concerned about money. re John Peters, a Wampanoag and execu W e’ specifically looking for land,” he re tive director of the state Commission on Indian Affairs, said the planned suit will said. contest the taking of Indian land by state The Wampanoags failed to get back land in a three-year legal battle in 1979. and federal governments. HOULTON — The Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians and the Houlton Band Health Department have recently moved to a new location. They are now located in the Putnam Arcade Building, Room 4, Market Square, Houlton, Maine. Business hours are conducted Monday thru Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Telephone number for the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians is 532-9443, telephone number for the Houlton Band Health Department is 532-9442. Current staff of the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians are Terry Polchies, Chairman; Gene Kilpatrick, Administra tive Assistant; David KiUmer, Fiscal Officer, and Sue Desiderio, Tribal Clerk. Current staff of the Houlton Band Health Department on hand to assist clients are Frederick Tomah, Director; Barbara Morris, Planner; Mary London, Coordinator of Outreach; Sally Joseph and Gloria Tomah, Outreach W orkers and Brenda Polchies, Administrative Secre tary. Paul Phillips is Alcoholism Counselor who is maintaining office hours with the Houlton Band Health Department in Houlton and the Association of Aroostook Indians in Presque Isle at 429 Main Street Mondays and Thursdays. He can be con tacted there at 764-7001. Joseph Stanley and Dawn Fitch Fitch-Stanley engagement announced INDIAN TOW NSHIP - Mrs. Phyllis M. Lank of Indian Township has an nounced the engagem ent of her daughter, Dawn Rachael Fitch, to Albert Joseph Stanley, son of Mr. and Mrs. David Soctomah of Indian Township. Miss Fitch will be an Honors graduate from Calais High School this June; she is a member of the National Honor Society. Stanley is a member of the Indian Town ship Police Department. Miss Fitch is planning to attend college this fall, while her fiance will continue his police work. Both Fitch and Stanley are Passamaquoddy tribal members. An August wedding is planned. FOR SALE 3-4 Bedroom House Indian Island Remodeled w ood furnace and separate oil furnace garage — Serious Inquiries Only — Cali Blanche Corbett, 207-827-7667 or write: 1 Main Street, Indian Island Old Town, Maine 04468 �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance April 1982 Alcoholism Still a By Helen-Becker INDIAN ISLAND — A testimony should be your own. I’ heard that many ve times. Today I am compelled to speak for others. A long time ago I decided to live for those who would if they could. Many of my friends have died and since they are unable to speak I feel I have been selected to speak for them. I am not a soldier of the Salvation Army. I simply attend services there. I have the freedom to drink alcoholic bev erages if I select. Recently I made a covenant with God Himself to never touch alcohol again. It was not a problem and I thank God for that but NOW I am certain it never will be. I decided I do not need it. It's as simple as that. I became sickened by the fact that booze kills. Many of my friends can not vouch for this because their graves have been long silent. When someone expires, you inherit that part of them that you admire most. They become a part of you. Perhaps it is that accumulation of my memories and their heartache that motivates me to plea with others to learn from their mistakes. Booze initially makes you feel good but is a drug, a depressant. Like many vices it is easily accessible, fun, and cheap. E very one knows ten bums can come up with the price of one ju g of wine. Little kids .. they can get big kids to get it. Money talks. Or they can steal it from their parents. The government cooperates by lowering the price for our servicemen so they can afford to get bombed. Commercials adver tise and lure and encourage booze at the family table and picnics. People are of the opinion worldwide that we can not live or that life is not exciting without this liquid garbage. I mostly liked the taste because I dis guised it as a dessert. Anyone that has smelled booze by itself knows it stinks! Anyone that has tasted straight vodka or rubbing alcohol choked on it or at least winced. I had a friend I thought to be the exception. He could chug-a-lug on a half gallon of vodka. That is until it killed him. He died in his brother’ arms on the way s to the hospital. Everyone loved him. He’ d do anything for you. He just didn’ do t anything for himself. A neighbor with two kids was alcoholic. I broke into her apartment when I heard glass breaking. It’ good to, “live and let s live,” but you can’ live and let die! She t was passed out on the bed. Her two year old son was sitting on the floor and throwing glass high into the air. The broken vodka and beer bottles w ere piled as high as the kid was! She credited me for saving the other little boy's life. He had swallowed a bottle of aspirin. Yes, booze can sure be fun but it sure isn’ fun for the t kids! One day her husband went out to see why she had not followed him into the house. She couldn’ ... she was dead. She t was thirty years old. Her brother was alcoholic too. He looked sixty-five at thirty-five. Head bent, coat dragging on the ground . . . an old man. That's what booze does. It ages you, like a disease. Alcoholism is inherited. Some inherit ance! Would you give your child a gift of cancer? Let’ put things in perspective. We s admire a gigantic tree, flowers, stars, mountains, etc. And they’ all equally re beautiful. But they are dumb unthinking things. If we think they are so great . . . shouldn’ we value our minds; the most t magnificant thing God ever created, all the more? Should we use this apparatus or let it lie stagnant, drugged, or polluted? I feel this brain was given to use not abuse. I appreciate what God gave me so I made a decision with mine . . . not to kill or destroy it with alcohol. People are so ungrateful for the ability to think. I’ seen too many kids on street ve corners that are stagnant . . . wandering around . . . all spaced out . . . abusing healthy minds and bodies. It sickens me. I've been to Washington, D.C. and seen 1300 retarded people, a whole warehouse of mentally defective people from ages eight to eighty. They are stagnant too but they have no choice! I’ been to Pineland ve several times and gone to the infirmery to visit the bed patients. They have no choice either. I saw a little boy with a crash helmet on so he wouldn’ self-destruct. He t was blind, deaf, and retarded. I saw old people with diapers on. One old lady sat in a highchair screaming. They w ere all seriously limited in their behavior. So when I see healthy kids abusing and not using the brain that God gave them, and believing that getting high on drugs is the answer to how cruel life has been to them . .. it freaks me out! I feel like grabbing them by the hair and dragging them to Washington, D.C. to see hundreds of mentally defective human beings. And then let them boast about cruelties of teenage life ... if they can. I want to shout . . . your mind is a gift to be treasured. We’ been given a brain to think a way ve out of our dilemma. I do not care what your age is. Use what's between your ears. Don’ let it sit there like a clump of t marshmallow. Observe, listen, find out what booze is all about. I have never in my life been discouraged against booze. There was always someone to encourage. You can get high on God. You can face any adversity with His help. You’ but to ve ask. You can beat alcohol, you can defeat drugs, and you can defy homosexuality. With God’ help you can laugh when the s chips are down because with God, no storm lasts forever. To me, fun is not puking all over yourself. Gluttony is a disgrace in any form. There is no fun in knowing a friend M AIL T O W ABAN AK I ALLIANCE, 95 M AIN ST R EE T, O R O N O , M A IN E 04473 W A B A N A K I A L L IA N C E S U B S C R IP T IO N F O R M ( M a k e c h e c k s p a y a b le t o W a b a n a k i A llia n ce ) 1E N CL O SE : j j $5 f o r c m r e a r U .S.) ,. .1_____ 1( I n d iv id u a l — j |46 f o r G m y e a r t_____ 1( C a n a d a ) 1 J 110 f o r o m y e a r !( I n s t i t u t i o n a l r a t e ) L— J ] C tty / T o w n a n d S ta te . U p G c M choked to death on his own puke! There is no fun for families deprived of necessities because you’ relooking for kicks. There is no fun for wives and children who get beat up in a drunken brawl. There is no fun in eviction because the rent money has been blown on booze. There is no fun for the hard working victims you’ ve robbed of possessions they earned, tG feed your habit. There is no fun- watching your father walk around in a rage like mine did. It’ all frightening. (Even a priest told me s to keep from an evil house but what do you do when it’ your own home?) There is s no fun when your family has to bury you before your time. You not only rob them ... you rob yourself. Entire families are neglected and abus ed because of your good times. More homes have been wrecked, accidents caused, more lives ruined, more divorces obtained, more misery, evil, sweat, tears and even death attributed to booze than any other disease on the face of the earth! Alcohol thrives on disease, destruction, disorder, despair, danger dishonor, debt, defamation, defeat, degradation, depres sion, delinquency, delirium, delusion, deceit, double-cross, divorce, disrespect, discontent, depravation, detachment, dis comfort, deterioration, despondency, des titution, dishonesty, and diarrhea. Notice that I selected words that start with a D .. . just like the devil. But remember the ultimate kick in the liver is death! kick in the liver is death! Alcoholism is a progressive illness. One becomes mentally obsessed with drinking regardless of consequences. Will power is not enough. Alcoholics take advantage of people and situations and it causes stress. They have to want to get counseling to be helped, unless they ask God to release them from that liquid bondage. Unfortu nately, some never do and lose every thing, even life. A judge once asked my friend, “Andy, why did you drive when you knew you were drunk?” He replied, “Judge, because I was too drunk to walk!” Well,' he was lucky. He never hurt anyone. Some of my other friends were splashed all over the highway because of drunken drivers. One guy got off with a four hundred dollar violation. But he could never compensate for robbing a family of their only son. It still hurts me so. I know it hurts them. And one fellow, well, he was so tough and, “in with the crowd,” he not only got drunk and fell off a m otorcycle and broke his leg .. . he climbed back up on the bike cast and all; drunk of course, ’ cause that gives you courage, fell off again and broke his leg in another place! But he wasn’ so tough he could escape death. His t friends had a beer bust at his funeral. I ’ seen men rolling in their own feces ve and yet crying for more booze, begging for it. I’ seen men crawling in alleys with no ve shelter, hanging on to telephone poles, puke all over their clothes. I’ ve seen young girls taken advantage of because booze takes away your inhibitions. (It could be the first drink or the 31st!) Beware, for no human can tolerate too much booze before they are held captive by it. I had a cousin who was knocked out by a sailor, outside a bar room and left to freeze to death on her birthday. I’ seen ve people beaten, knifed, broken, defeated, empty, suicidal, alone, with bodies ruined and abused. All that for liquid garbage. And I’ seen enough! ve I recently knelt at a friend’ side when s she was dying from a condition caused by alcohol. It wasn’ very pleasant to see t people standing by helpless because no amount of money could rejuvenate a dead liver. Unfortunately, the organ died before she did. I did not enjoy seeing a young woman wearing a death mask in a pityful shell of a body all tattered like a worn out coat. And it hurts to see her family drinking to forget, delighting in the very thing they cursed. I would like to thank the Lord for allowing m e to know the following . . . Buster, Patty, Brian, Sunny, Eugene, Helen, Polly, Cyrille, and Senabeh. These lives were snuffed out early but all this human suffering was not in vain. For miraculously I have benefitted. Their addiction has set me free. And I shall not be moved. It took all these deaths and more before I could say, Lord, there by the grace of God, died I. �Wabanaki Alliance April 1982 Page 7 Per capita paid out (Continued from page 1 ) In a recent related action, the Penobscots voted about 3-1 to set up a voluntary, rather than mandatory, children's trust fund. This fund will protect per capita earned by those members under 18 years of age, should parents choose to use the fund. The average quarterly per capita pay ment to Penobscot tribal members hovers around $250, with somewhat more paid to the elderly. Passamaquoddys, even at 100 percent, have earned closer to $200 quarterly — possibly because of the larger tribal membership. Penobscots, in their first year of per capita payments, will each earn in excess of $1,200, it is esti mated. Under terms of the land claims, per capita money cannot be used to compute, or revise welfare and other benefits for an individual, but per capita tax status is uncertain. The IRS has advised that if tribal members report per capita as income, they will receive a refund if it is determined that per capita is tax-free income. The Penobscot Nation has advised members to use their own discretion in reporting income from per capita. Some members have not yet accepted any of the payments, in a number of cases because of their philosophical disagreement with the land claims settlement. Currently, the Penobscot Nation is using the investment firm of Kidder, Peabody & Co., which has a Maine office in Port land. The tribe switched its accounts from Merrill, Lynch, after some conflicts with that company. In related business, Governor Love said the projected income from some 140,000 acres of newly acquired tribal lands will be $438,660 for the fiscal year, with a fee of $77,750 (additional) to be paid to Dead River Company of Bangor. Dead River is under contract to manage the woodlands for the tribe. The card game Prison inmates seek teacher THOMASTON — A group of inmates at Maine State Prison are looking for someone to act as spiritual counselor/ teacher, in “the ways of the Native American life and religions.” According to Frederick Thurlow, a Passamaquoddy inmate, a Native Ameri can Spiritual Group has been formed at the prison, through the prison chaplain s offce. “We believe that there must be someone out there that is willing and able to fill this position. We cannot pay for this service, but we believe that there must be Kim Mitchell Indian TV show to return ORONO — Wickeegan, a television lumal o f Maine Indian affairs, will begin egular monthly broadcasting next month ver the public television network. Successfully aired in the past, the show is hosted by Kim Mitchell, a Penobscot who has been employed by Maine Public Broadcasting Network [MPBN] for more than five years. The first showing of this season’s Wickeegan will be Monday, May 3, at 7:30 p.m. The show will air on channel 12, Orono; channel 13, Calais; channel 10, Presque Isle, and channel 26, Biddeford. Monthly shows will continue through August, at which point Mitchell will submit a proposal for further Wickeegan produc tions. The feature-style format of the half hour TV show is intended to embrace the entire Maine Indian community, using Indian Island factual presentations to enlighten all viewers on different aspects of Maine’s original people. Prospective topics for separate Wickee gan shows are tribal history, unemploy ment, tribal government, land acquisition under the Indian claims settlement act, and the importance of the tribal census — that determines who is defined as Indian. Mitchell said he is delighted to be re turning to Wickeegan after a lapse of several months. He welcom es suggestions and comments, and can be reached by writing him at MPBN-TV, Box 86, Orono, Maine 04473. The son of Sadie Mitchell and the late Lt. Gov. Edwin Mitchell of Indian Island, Kim Mitchell is a University of Maine at Orono graduate and former Penobscot Nation tribal councilor. He resides in Bangor with his wife, Sharon, a school teacher. someone out there that cares about their brothers, the American Indians,” Thurlow said. Thurlow said such a person could help Indian inmates to be better people "upon release from this institution.” The group would like to study Indian ways a few hours each week. Anyone wishing to donate books, tapes or feathers may contact the group at Maine State Prison, c/o Chaplain’ Office, Box A, s Thomaston, Maine 04861. “We are all very willing to learn," Thurlow said. For all the reasons you need abank We are at your full service. VISA. Check Guarantee. All-In-One Check ing. Northeast N.O.W. Accounts. Free Checking. Period. Check Credit. Individual Retirement Accounts. Statement Savings. Certificates of Deposit. Saver’ Bonds. Home Loans. s Home Improvement Loans. Home Equity Loans. Auto Loans. Business Loans. Collateral Loans. Vacation Loans. All types of installment loans. Bank-by-mail. Night depository. Easy-to-read, detailed statements. And a lot more. See what we mean? Com e talk to us. Task force looks for new coordinator BOSTON — The search is on for a new coordinator for the Federal Regional Council’ Indian Task Force. s The form er coordinator, Barbara Namias, a Mohawk, has resigned. She cited funding problems among her reasons for leaving. Her predecessor was Gregory P. Beusing, a non-Indian, who is attending law school. The task force deals with federal funds for Indians in the northeast — such as Adrrtinistration for Native Americans (ANA) grants. An ANA update by Tom Battiste, a co founder of Association of Aroostook In dians in Houlton, was on a recent task force agenda. Battiste, an Indian graduate of the now defunct Ricker College in Houlton, has worked many years in Indian affairs. NORTHEAST SANK Member Northeast Bankshare Association and F.D.I.C. An Equal Opportunity Lender �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance April 1982 The Indian Island five Court mulls residents who refuse to make payments INDIAN ISLAND — The tribal housing authority and several families living in newhousing are still at a standoff, after a year long court battle. At stake is about $20,000 in payments the families refuse to remit. The latest wrinkle came last month, when tribal court Judge Andrew Mead ‘‘ took under advisement” motions by law yers for the housing authority and tenants, telling both sides he would render a deci sion soon. Tribal housing authority director Rick Mitchell said he sees no reason why per capita land claims payments of tribal members can’ be attached, to pay off the t money owed the authority. But Mead said, in an aside, that he wonders if his court has jurisdiction over land claims interest payments. Tribal law is apparently foggy on the issue of attachment of per capita pay ments, which are usually about $250$300 per quarter-year, depending on prevailing interest rates. Named in separate civil suits in Penob scot tribal court are James Sappier, Gerardo [Jerry] Pardilla, Doreen Bartlett, Joseph Sapiel, Roger Ranco, and Christine LaCasse. The cases of other -defendants were dismissed, after out-of-court agree ments were reached to pay off debts. Defendants in cases dismissed were Brenda Fields, Kenneth Paul, Dennis Pehrson, Theresa Snell and Louise K. Paul. Michael Ranco was expected to be named in another suit by the housing authority, sources said, and in another action, Deanna Labossiere is expected to challenge housing authority policy in court. All of the above-named tribal members reside in federally-funded housing that they are under contract to purchase over time, making regular payments. However, lawyer Winfred A. Stevens of Bangor, representing defendants in the housing authority suits, alleged in court that residents have no equity in the hom es, property lines don’ exist, and should the t tribal member die, there is no estate value to the property. Furthermore, the precise purchase price is not known, and should a resident wish to pay off his loan, he wouldn’ know what to pay, Stevens said. t Paul F. Zendzian, a Bangor lawyer who is counsel for the housing authority, con ceded that there were a few problems, but said some of them have already been corrected. Mitchell told Wabanaki Alliance that the prolonged litigation has already cost the housing authority several thousand dollars in lawyer’ fees. s Penobscot helps form Indian Republican group ORONO — A national Indian Republican group is on its feet and flexing its muscle for a ‘‘ push” to recruit new members. big That’ the word from Andrew X. Akins, s a Penobscot and treasurer o f The American Indian National Republican Federation, headquartered in Washington, D.C. Akins said the group was formed in June 1981, by Indian people who support President Reagan. Although still a “ low-key” political group with a small membership, Akin.; said he believes the federation has good potential. Akins will coordinate organizing Maine and New England Indians. “ We intend to make Indian concerns and needs known to the Republican Party,” Akins said, adding, “ we do not represent, nor do we speak for any other Indian group.” Akins is convinced that Indians can have an “ impact” on the current Administration, “ for the betterment of Indian people.” Akins plans to attend an annual meeting next month of the National Republican Heritage Council, to be held in Pennsyl vania. Calling it “an occasion for great joy among us,” President Reagan wrote to the federation’ s president, Ted Bryant, saying “your organization will serve as an important line of communication between American Indians throughout our nation and this administration.” Bryant said the group’ purpose is to bring American s Indians into the political process, and make them aware of modern partisan politics. There are almost a million and a half Americans of Indian heritage who would be eligible for membership in the new group, he said. Louis Bruce, first vice president o f the federation and former Commissioner of Indian Affairs, said, “ our members will be a consistent Indian voice in Republican party councils. The original Americans have been silent too long.” Any Indian person interested in joining the group has two criteria to meet, Akins said. He or she must be a registered Republican, and must believe in the philosophy of Indian sovereignty. For further information write or call: Maine Republican State Committee, 51 Chapel St., Augusta, Maine 04330, telephone 207-622-6247. S.C. FRANCIS of Indian Island m oves snow for the Penobscot Nation. Teens need others' help INDIAN ISLAND — Mom and Dad may be worried about their teenage son or daughter’ behavior, but if so, they aren’ s t the only ones. Sgt. Dale E. Lolar of the Indian Island police department, and Carolyn A. Strnad, human services director for the tribe, are just as concerned. Both Lolar and Strnad told Wabanaki Alliance that despite available counseling, social work and other services, teenage problems are continuing at Indian Island. Common problems are abuse of alcohol and drugs, and anti-social behavior, often in violation of the law. Strnad believes “there’ more people s out there (on the reservation) that want to see this stuff stop . . . somebody’ got to s start if anything’ going to be done about s this.” Lolar said he would like to get “every body involved” in efforts to encourage good behavior and self-control among teenagers. “Don’ be so pessimistic,” he t advises parents and others. Also, Lolar said, “people can be more frequent with their calls (reporting trouble); don’ think you're bugging us. It t might not end up in court, but it all adds up,” he said. Strnad said several m eetings to discuss substance abuse among younger Penobscots have taken place, attended by John Jeffers, social worker; outside education consultant, Murray Shulman; and tribal official Philip Guimond. “I think the thing to stress is the pre ventative side,” said Strnad. “When you see a six-year-old smoking, tell him to put it out." Lolar and Strnad pointed out that the tribe has lost its youth aid officer with the resignation of Bonnie Sappier, and a replacement had not been found. Strnad said people must “support one another. We don’ mean to say that all t teenagers are bad.” If a teen would come forward and volunteer, the successful “teen night” concept could be revived, she said. AN IN V IT A T IO N TO V IS IT THE UNIVERSITY BOOK STORE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MAINE AT ORONO WITH 20,000 DIFFERENT TITLES ON HAND WE TRY TO MAINTAIN AN INVENTORY OF THE FINEST IN POPULAR AND SCHOLARLY BOOKS. SPECIAL ORDERS AND MAIL ORDERS WELCOMED. 207 - 581-7241 TOM DORWORTH, pharmacist to the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes, says his work is “ very interesting, chal lenging and a good learning experience for me.” He is serving a unique 2-3 year ap pointment through the U.S. Public Health Service. The 31-year-old native of St. Louis, Mo., lives in Pembroke, but may move to Old Town. His wife and two sons have not yet moved to Maine from Boston, where Dorworth previously worked. Dorworth spends Mondays and Tuesdays at the Island, Thursdays at Indian Town ship, and Wednesdays and Fridays at Pleasant Point. H o u rs : 8—8 Mondays thru Thursdays 8— 5 Fridays 9— 4 Saturdays Hours slightly reduced when school is not in session. WE ARE LOCATED IN THE MEMORIAL UNION UNDERNEATH HAUCK AUDITORIUM. �Page 9 Wahan&ki Alliance April 1982 Four will go to German clinic (Continued from page 1 ) in 1980 that while a prisoner, a Passamaquoddy girl he befriended became preg nant, and that he unknowingly fathered a son, Roger Gabriel Ritter, who is now 36 and works for tribal housing. Ritter said it is this connection to the tribes that led him to solicit the support of the German Good Templars, sponsors of the six-month treatment program. Ritter claims the Templars — an international organization — has an 80 percent success rate in treating German alcoholics. He sees no reason why Indians of Maine cannot do as well. For a number of years, the Passamaquoddys and Penobscots have exclusively used the Alcoholics Anonymous [AA] approach to treatment, a program that re quires recognition o f a “ higher pow er.’’ The success of AA with Indians has been pegged at about 40 percent. Ritter said the Templars’ treatment will double the success rate. Ritter said he does not think AA is doing the job it should, and he points out that the Good Templars’program has “ nothing to do with any religion. It may be the breakthrough, for the four Indians who come to Germany,” he told Wabanaki Alliance. Ritter completed a visit to the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot reservations last month, and said he was amazed at his success. Tribal officials had been skeptical that anyone would volunteer to try a sixmonth program in a foreign country, but Ritter said already there is a waiting list. A former travel agent with 32 years in the motion picture business, Ritter said he is devoting himself full time to helping the Indians in their fight against alcoholism. He said that in retirement, he would like to do something worthwhile to help people. He has spent several thousand dollars of his own money, which he does not expect to get back, he said. Ritter acknowledged that for years, Germans have had romantic fascination with Indians, spurred by the many Indian novels of Karl May, a German author whc. never saw an Indian in his life, so far as is known. M ay’ books apparently have little s resemblance to the truth, but may have helped Ritter win the financial support o f the Templars, who will enroll the four Indians at Mahlertshof clinic, a live-in treatment center with a rigid, round-theclock schedule for patients. Ritter, who does not himself have a drinking problem, said he is familiar with the Templars’ approach. “ It really goes into the subconscious . . . this is one of, in my opinion, the most important things they d o." He said therapists find the reason for drinking; “ if not after two months, after four months. “ They have to talk, the patients. The main thing is to talk, open and free.” Ritter claims that while U.S. doctors say it takes two weeks to clear alcohol from the body, German experts say 6-8 weeks are required. Ritter said he has convinced Wayne A. Newell, Passamaquoddy director of health and social services, of the German program's bene fits. If it works, Ritter thinks the Templars program will have positive repercussions for the Indian community. “ If we have really sober Indians, we can get qualitywork. If he [an Indian] gets sober, he gets reliable; he gets work.” he said. After six months, Ritter hopes a second group of volunteers for the program — w'hich will cost the Indians nothing — will be women. On the third program, Ritter hopes to bring juvenile Indians to Ger many. Each patient’ six-month treatment will s cost $8,000, Ritter said. He did not state whether the Good Templars will extend the free program for Indians indefinitely, The German Mahlertshof clinic, where Indians will spend six months. but he said Micmacs and Maliseets are welcome to apply. Ritter said he personally wants to stay out of the limelight. “ Indians have to do it,” he said, but “ first we have to train the Indians. I myself want to stay in the background . . . and sell them the idea . . . motivate them.” Ritter suggested the abandoned, van dalized campground and cabins at Indian Township could be renovated for a treat ment center. In Germany, the volunteers will probably have English-speaking teachers, or will have an interpreter. Ritter said he envisions four key steps in the Templars’program: 1 W e’ not allowed to drink alcohol ] re 2] We don’ want to drink alcohol t 3] W e don’ need to drink alcohol t 4] W ehe Indians. W e’ too proud to re drink alcohol Ritter is thoroughly convinced that the Good Templars' work is the answer to Indian alcoholism in Maine, and he b e lieves the U.S. government, and State of Maine, have done a poor job of treating the problem. About the Templars’ clinics he said, “The success those people have is so amazing, that the German social security, the insurance (companies) and other insti tutions send their alcoholics to the Good Templar clinics. As you probably know, the German health ministry acknowledges alcoholism as a serious mental illness. The U.S. government should take an example on it, but maybe they are not so much interested in getting the native Americans out of the alcohol problem.” W ORLD PEA CE MARCH l a E G p p o r t o f t is c U n ite d Nations g p e d & l S e g s i o a on D is& rm & zse n t II — Junm (An interfaith project initiated by the Nipponzan Myohoji Japanese Buddhist Monks) Leaving B angor A pril 1, 1982... THE WORLD PLACE MARCH WILL BEGIN ON INDIAN ISLAND ON MARCH 31 , fe"flgr s. w * 4 L/ 'Y-r.l i. Can y o u w a lk w ith th e m o n k s f o r a ll o r p a rt o f th e w a y ? Can you p r o v id e fo o d and s h e lte r f o r the w a lk e r s ? Can y ou o r g a n iz e o r atten d a w e lc o m in g vigil, dinner, h o u se m eeting, A1 Saplel of Indian Island contemplates trip to Germany [see story]. With him in the photo is Shannon Snell, nine, of Indian Island, and AI’s dog, Bops. F or in fo rm a tio n c a ll He's going to Germany liehard Russell— 942-1679 (Bangor) Larry Dansinger— 93S-2219 (Newport) ^arcl Brewster— 622-5234 (Augusts) rracy Booth--78l-5l59 (Portland) ^elia Sargent— 439-3154 (Kittery) INDIAN ISLAND — Elwin [AI] Sapiel is one of four volunteers about to begin a rigorous six-month alcoholism treatment program in West Germany. He met with W olfgang Ritter, the former German POW who fathered a Passamaquoddy son, and who is trying to develop the German-Indian treatment connection. Sapiel said he has tried various ap proaches to his drinking problem, and when he heard about this one, he thought to himself, “Yeah, why not do that? I need that. I’m a recovering alcoholic.’’ Sapiel, a Penobscot, will accompany three Passamaquoddys on the pilot project, as Ritter calls it. Sapiel recalls, “ I had 15 minutes to decide, and I said I’ go. It’s d a beautiful opportunity to learn about something. I’ goin g over to be a therapist m . . . that’ a once in a lifetime opportunity. s I’m going to the library to start reading up on their culture . . . so I w on’ feel at a t loss.” Sapiel and the others — Kevin Stevens, Howard Stevens and Charles Stevens — will be flying from Bangor to Germany this month. ...Arriving New York City June S, 1982 �Page 10 Wabanaki Alliance April 1982 book nook Love is Lakota theme DENVER, Colorado — “Spirit Song” is a new book by Tony Shearer, a Lakota who is professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of Colorado. Published a few weeks ago, it is already in paperback. The main theme through the two stories in the book is love, love of our “earth mother." The foundation of the story is found in the great myth, the archtype, the "beginning of all stories.” The early peoples of Meso-America feared the sun would go away becuase they had betrayed the sun by casting out the plumed serpent, (Quatzelquatl) son of the sun, patron of the arts. So they Passamaquoddys tour UMO Passamaquoddy students from Pleasant Point spent a day last month touring — in the first such trip ever — the University of Maine at Orono, through arrangements made by Ted Mitchell, assistant dean of counseling for Indian students. Present from Shead High School, Eastport, were sophomores Janice Dana, Jody Yarmal, Fella Newell, Rena Newell and Patty Morang; juniors Valerie Wilson, Elizabeth Soctomah and Joe Quinn; senior Sheila Dana, and freshman Horace Neptune. Greeting the visitors, and answering questions, were UMO Indian students Raphael Sockabasin, Alberta M. Cleaves, Calvin A. Nicholas, Laura Dana and Heidi Westland. Chris Altvater, a Pleasant Point school counselor who helped arrange the trip, is working toward a master’s degree in education/counseling. Bus driver was Timothy Newell. Also last month, 20 Indian students from Lee Academy toured UMO, with UMO Indian student Gail Dana helping with arrangements. Two Penobscots on rights panel PORTLAND — Maine Advisory Com mittee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights began a new term Jan. 7, when six reappointed and six new members met in Portland to discuss the status of civil rights in Maine. The 12 were appointed to the panel by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in December 1981, and will serve for two years. Continuing as a member is Andrew X. Akins, former Penobscot Nation tribal administrator and currently a private logging contractor on Indian lands. Newly named to the panel is Vivian F. Massey of Indian Island, an employment official with Penobscot Nation and a school board and housing authority member. Outgoing chairman Madeleine Giguere, Professor of Sociology at the University of Southern Maine, passed the gavel to Lois Reckitt, Director of the Family Crisis Shelter in Portland, who becomes chair man after serving as vice-chairman during the previous two-year term. Reckitt has been involved in women’ rights causes in s Maine, and serves as New England regional coordinator for National Or ganization for Women (NOW). In her remarks, Giguere said issues the advisory committee had addressed include state services to off-reservation Indians, the status of ethnic groups in the 1980 Census, sexual harassment in the work place, and the state’ domestic violence s law. The Committee published an “In formation Kit on Sexual Harassment in Employment," a report summarizing civil rights developments in Maine during 1980, and a study of the new domestic violence law. Giguere asserted that she “will continue to support efforts to establish equal justice.” Commentary Not happy tim es Decisions are being made “ for” people, rather than “ by” people. People need to be part of the decision-making process, to recognize their value and support their community. If we are dominated by a single power structure controlling all decision-making, this will breed jealousy, frustration, hatred, discouragement and will usurp this decision-making power. These are not happy times, when we can’ express our rights and freedom. t We need to look at this, we are all in this together. We need to look down the road from whence we came, and to where we are today, and to where we want to go. We need to set up by-laws for our protec tion on this journey. Are we happy with what we have? Do we need a change, and where are the changes needed? Can these changes take place now? With our present govern ment, are we-the-people the top of all, do we have a voice in our tribal government? We know that if we seek we will find other ideas that can help our tribe and our selves as a whole; with good, constructive criticism that never hurts anyone, except the selfish ones. W e can make this reserva tion a happy place to live with one another, and show our people in office that we do care how things are being run. People spirit Progress sometimes takes a beating; it isn’ always the modern and efficient t new ways that win. It’s our own initiative and work. You have to have the people with you or you can’ make anything work. t Obituary r OUT FOR A JOG — Penobscots Tim Gould, Edward Paul, and Mike Paul spend a lunch hour getting in shape, at Indian Island. invented music and the arts to appease the sun and continue life on earth. Shearer presents the story in a style considered “purist” Native American in a contemporary setting. He uses m et aphor to say more than the words on the page. The original idea was conceived 11 years ago for “Children of the Sun,” the first of the two tales, and research was done for some years. The love for the art of storytelling is evident. Copies can be ordered from Shearer, at 2440 W est Caithness Place, Denver, Colo. 80211, for $9 ($6 for the book and $3 for postage and packing). THOMAS CHARLES HOOD IN DIA N T O W N S H IP — Th om as Charles Hood, 4 month-old son of Thomas and Tina (Sockabasin) Hood, died unex pectedly, Feb. 24, 1982, at a Calais hospital. He was born in Bangor, Oct. 29, 1981. Surviving besides his parents of Peter Dana Point are one sister, Tomihka Socka basin of Peter Dana Point; maternal grandparents, David and Gloria Socka basin of Peter Dana Point, and Florence Patone of Brookton; paternal grand parents, Lawrence and Esther Hood of Princeton. A mass of Christian burial was cele brated at St. Ann’ church, Peter Dana s Point. Burial will be in the Peter Dana Point tribal cemetery. The major problem in any work or relations is the people themselves — their worries, their preconceived ideas, their relationships with each other and their leaders. You can have all the money in the world, all the expertise, all the equipment, all the government support, but without the people involved in heart, body and soul, all will be disaster. It has happened time and time again; the people are treated as children, as if it’ known already, what’ best for them. It s s just w on’ work. It doesn’ work that way. t t The attitude is “ I want to help you, so you listen and I ’ tell you what to do.” ll It’ stupid and pretentious. It should be, s “ I want to help you, tell me what you want me to do and w e’ do it together.” ll This is what initiative is, an introductory step to action. Alice Fowler Irene Pardilla Concerned Citizens Indian Island CAN’ FIND A JOB? T Try the JOB CORPS Would you like to be trained as a ... Bookkeeper Secretary/Stenographer Clerk Typist Nursing Assistant If you are 16 to 21 and not in school, the Penobscot Job Corps Center has training programs which may be of interest to you. The Penobscot Job Corps Center provides all trainees with a place to live, meals, health care and a cash monthly stipend while you learn. And when you finish, we’ also help you ll find a job. SOUND GOOD? IT IS GOOD. ASK FOR JOB CORPS — in the Portland area— 775-7225 — in the Auburn area— 786-4190 — in the Bangor area— 947-0755 — or toll free anyw'here in Maine at 1-800-432-7307 ASK FOR JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT J �Webasaki Alliance April 1982 Cases dog tribal court INDIAN ISLAND — The following matters were heard recently before Penob scot Nation Tribal Court, Judge Andrew M. Mead presiding: Eugene Loring, Jr., Indian Island; count 1— keeper of vicious dog, count 2 — keeper of vicious dog, count 3 — dog roam ing at large; plea of not guilt}', continued to Feb. 25 for trial. Mar}' LaChance, para legal, appointed as counsel. Terence J. Loiar, Indian Island, permit ting a dog to roam at large, plea of not guilty, continued to March 8 for trial. Donna Loring. paralegal, appointed as counsel. Carol Drinkwater, Indian Island, per mitting a dog to roam at large, plea of not guilt}', continued to Feb. 25 for trial. Donna Loring, paralegal, appointed as counsel. Eva Love, Indian Island, permitting a dog to roam at large, plea of guilt}’, paid S15 fine. Brenda Fields, Indian Island, permitting a dog to roam at large (second offense), plea of guilty, paid S30 fine. Terence J. Loiar, Indian Island, permit ting a dog to roam at large, plea of nolo contendere, found guilty, paid $15 fine. Francine Murphy, Indian Island, per mitting a dog to roam at large, plea of not guilty, continued to Feb. 25 for trial. Mary LaChance, paralegal, appointed as counsel. Philip E. Guimond. Indian Island, per mitting a dog to roam at large, plea of nolo contendere, found guilty, paid $15 fine. Christine LaCasse, Indian Island, per mitting a dog to roam at large, plea of not guilty, continued to March 22 for trial. Donna Loring, paralegal, appointed as counsel. Gerardo Pardilla, Indian Island, keeper of unlicensed dog, plea of not guilty, con tinued to March 22 for trial. Mary La Chance, paralegal, appointed as counsel. Gerardo Pardilla, Indian Island, permit ting a dog to raoam at large, plea of guilty, found guilty, paid $15 fine. Theresa Eugenia Thompson, Indian Island, permitting a dog to roam at large, plea of nolo contendere, found guilty, paid 515 fine. Barry L. Nelson, Indian Island, permit ting a dog to roam at large, plea of not guilty, continued to March 22 for trial. All-Indian Marine unit formed ALBUQUERQUE — A newly-enlisted all-Navajo contingent of U.S. Marines is hoping to train together and remain to gether. The 65 Navajos enlisted in Albuquerque at the suggestion -of Navajo chairman Peter McDonald, who himself enlisted in 1944 at the age of 15. McDonald became one of the famous ‘ code talkers’ who confused and confounded Japanese cryp tographers during W W II. In addition to the all-Navajo platoon, some 14,226 Indians are presently mem bers of the United States Armed Forces. Of these, 599 are Air Force officers, and 6,675 are Air Force enlisted; and 153 Navy officers, and 22,836 Navy enlisted; 204 Army officers and 2.645 Army enlisted; and 43 Marine officers, and 1,121 enlisted. 4 new 0 Page 11 Housing units planned INDIAN ISLAND — It’ time for Phase s III here, according to Rick Mitchell, Penob scot housing authority' director. Phase m will be the third federallyfunded group of houses for the reservation, and as proposed consists of 40 units — 30 single-family dwellings, and ten more units for elderly tribal members. Onlytribal members and their immediate families are eligible to occupy these units. Already, Mitchell reports, there are 35- 40 applications on file from persons inter ested in the new units. Most of the appli cants are off reservation families; a few already live in older Indian Island houses. If built, Phase III will be funded through the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development [HUD], and units will be sold to Indians in a manner similar to mortgage payments. New' housing is also planned at Indian Township, a Passamaquoddy reservation. Trials Gary Attean, Indian Island, charged with possession of m oose killed in closed area, represented by Martha Harris of Bangor. Found guilty, sentence: $100 fine, of which $75 was suspended. Appealed to Penob scot appellate court. Eugene Loring, Jr., Indian Island, represented by Mary LaChance, para legal. Plea of nolo contendere entered for dog roaming at large, found guilty, sen tenced to pay $15 fine. Count 2, keeper of vicious dog, dism issed upon request of the Nation. Count 3. keeper of vicious dog, taking gold from the Black Hills in the SAN JOSE, Cal. — The Oglala Sioux dog ordered restrained for one year, must past century. Tribe of South Dakota filed a $6 billion be under the control of a person at all times The suit was filed in federal district suit January 26 against the Homestake when not on a chain. Appealed to Penob court in San Jose, California. Mining Company, for trespassing and scot appellate court. Terence Loiar. Indian Island, permitting Corrections and a dog to roam at large, represented by Donna Loring, paralegal. Nation moved to clarifications dismiss because a witness was unavailable, A report of court proceedings in last motion granted, case dismissed. month's Wabanaki Alliance incorrectlv Carol Drinkwater, Indian Island, per named Cheryl Knapp as petitioning to mitting a dog to roam at large, represented change her children's surname. The by Donna Loring. paralegal. Nation re mother's name is Cheryl Francis. Our quested case be dismissed, case dis apology to the Francis family. missed. As indicated by letters to the editor, Francine Murphy. Indian island, permit this newspaper was off base in reporting ting a dog to roam at large, represented by wmm the Parker, Arizona, Manataba Messenger Mary LaChance, paralegal. Plea changed had “ ceased regular publication.” The to guilty, found guilt}’, paid £15 fine. M essenger went from weekly to monthly Christine LaCasse, Indian Island, per publication, and is a smaller format. mitting a dog to roam at large, plea of guilty entered, pre-sentence report or Esther Ne l s on dies dered by judge. Christine LaCasse. Indian Island, per COSTIGAN — Esther “ Peaches” mitting a dog to roam at large, plea of Nelson, wife of the late Peter “ Dindv” guilty entered, pre-sentence report or SARA LOLAR, an eight-year-old Penob Nelson, died Jan. 28, at a Bangor hospital, dered by judge. after a prolonged illness. She was 82. Christine LaCasse, Indian Island, keeper scot who plays viola, auditioned for the Portland Symphony Orchestra and is now Born at Woodstock, N.B., Canada. Nov. of unlicensed dog. plea of guilty entered, part of Portland's Children’ Consort; she 4, 1899. she w-as a Maliseet Indian who s pre-sentence report ordered by judge. recently performed with the group, Sara later joined the Penobscot tribe through Barbara J. Francis, Indian Island, per her marriage to Peter Nelson, who had mitting a dog to roam at large, plea of not has studied viola two years. She is the daughter of Owen and Joann [Jody] Loiar been previously married. She was the guilty, continued to March 22 for trial. of South Portland, and granddaughter of sister of the late Louis Bernard of Indian David J. Sapiel, Indian Island, passing Island. There is no known immediate a stopped school bus, plea of not guilty, Vivian F. M assey of Indian Island. She has family surviving. continued to March 22 for trial. Donna an older brother, Carl. Loring, paralegal, appointed as counsel. Joan Pehrson. Indian Island, permitting a dog to roam at large, plea of guilty, found guilty, paid $15 fine. Housing suits Penobscot Tribal Reservation Housing Authority vs. James Sappier. Gerardo Pardilla, Doreen Bartlett, Roger Ranco and Joseph Sapiel; all defendants represented by Winfred Stevens, of Bangor. Plantiff represented by Paul Zendzian. of Bangor. Hearing on trustee process on defendant’s These homes are available to veterans or case for James Sappier heard; oral argu non-veterans without preference. ments heard, taken under advisement by 61 Fourth Avenue, Woodland $40,900. Judge Mead; court's order to be filed at a Rt. 1, Woodland $20,900. later date. A.ll cases to be set for hearing as W est Street, Plantation 21 $24,000, soon as possible. Rt. 1, 39 Dublin St., M achias $36,500. Sioux file suit over Black Hills gold * y •• a r i i VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Owned Homes For Sale in Washington County Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY Skitikuk^ ^ ? utfiners Specialists in wilderness travel. 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FINANCED FOR 30 YEARS BY VA NO DOWrN PAYMENTS REQUIRED SE E YOUR LOCAL REAL ESTA TE BROKER All VA financed At prevailing interest rates VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 • • • • • • �Page 12 Wabanaki Alliance April 1982 Man who drove over Micmoc says state report "wrong1 C HERR I T [ELD — The 51-year-old former deputy sheriff who admitted his car ran over a Miemac Indian last summer says a recent state report on the incident is not accurate. Murray B. Seavey of Cherryfield tele phoned Wabanaki Alliance to say that “ haif of this is erroneous,” in reference to a follow-up report by the state attorney general's office, on the Aug. 17, 1981. hit-and-run death o f Joseph B. Peters, 21, a blueberry raker from Big Cove reserva tion in New Brunswick. The report basically confirms previous investigation, which revealed that Seavey lied about his role in Peters' death, claim ing at first that Peters was already dead, and he merely “ discovered” the body. Seavey pleaded no contest in district court, to leaving the scene of a fatal acci dent, and was fined £100. by Judge Millard Emanueison. The low fine for a death — out of a maximum SI.000 fine plus one year in prison — triggered an outcry by citizenry and the press. The protest prompted District Attorney Mi chael Povich to reopen the case, and request the state report. James Russell Wiggins, editor of The Ellsworth American, editorialized: “ It is a humiliation for Mair-e citizens to have to concede that here in this common wealth. the law found behavior that caused the death o f a man so inconsequen tial that it resulted only in a fine of $100 for the driver of the car. There is no citizen of this state, of any race, color, or creed, or of any station or condition of 'life, so devoid of human dignity and value that rhose caus ing his death should be permitted to be freed by the courts upon the payment of a 5100 fine.” In the telephone call, Seavey said his local attorney had advised him “ not to talk.” But Seavey acknowledged he “ wasn'i happy with the report” by Deputy Arty. Gen. James W. Brannigan, Jr. Seavey refused to specify what he was unhappy about in the report. “ I know th ere’ a lot of questions,” Seavey said, s adding “ you’ be the first to know” when ll he has a statement. Seavey said he is resigning his job as chief of the Cherryfield Police Depart ment; he has already quit the part time deputy position with the Washington County Sheriffs Department. “ I’m all done 'with police work, ’’he said. Owner of a contracting business with a “ couple o f trucks,” Seavey said he has not made up his mind about continuing work as a security guard with Jasper Wyman Company, owner of the blueberry fields where Peters was employed last summer. Seavey said he has no problems working with Indians, and in fact prefers Indian rakers to non-Indian workers. Seavey said he is on good terms with fellow towns people, although som e residents petitioned for his removal as police chief. Screwing up a jury? In an interview with this newspaper, Brannigan was asked if Seavey was on duty when his vehicle ran over Peters. “ I reached no conclusion because of the pending suit,” Brannigan said, explain ing, “ 1 didn’ want anyone reading it and t screwing up a jury selection on this suit.” Brannigan was referring to a suit byIrene Augustine, executrix for Peters' estate, seeking $500,000 damages from Seavey and the Wyman company. August ine is a social services caseworker for Central Maine Indian Association in Orono. Her Bangor lawyer has dropped Washington County and the Town of Cherryfield from the civil suit, filed in Penobscot County superior court. According to The Ellsworth American, Seavey was driving a 1979 cruiser at the time of the fatal accident on Route 193, in Debiois. Reportedly, there were four witnesses, but Brannigan declined to name them. He said the witnesses are permitted confidentiality. Irene Augustine said one of the 'Wit nesses is Peter Joe Augustine, Jr., of Big Cove, who found Peters’ body after he heard a “ thump.” W itnesses said they saw Seavey *s tail lights. According to Brannigan’s report, “ after striking Peters, Seavey slowed almost to a stop, did not stop, did not at tempt to ascertain the extent of Peters' injuries, to render any aid or call for assist ance." Brannigan labeled Seavey's behavior “ somewhat bizarre.” Peters had been drinking The report says Seavey “ then went to one of the Jasper Wyman Co. security buildings, picked up another Wyman employee [not identified by Brannigan. but said to be Lynn Atwater] and returned to the accident site where they “ dis covered” Peters' body.” Brannigan’ investigation “ disclosed s' that Peters was killed as a result of being struck by an automobile driven by Murray Seavey. At the time he was struck, the visibility was poor due to fog, and Peters was either sitting or lying in the roadway. “ It is apparent that Peters had con sumed a quantity o f alcoholic beverages prior to the accident and had a blood alco hol level of 0.11. There is no evidence indicating that the Seavey vehicle was travelling at an excessive speed for the conditions or that Seavey saw Peters prior to the fatal impact. Furthermore, Seavey’ employment may have required s him being on the road at the time o f the accident. Seavey was employed as a parttime deputy sheriff and as a security officer for the Jasper Wyman Co., as weil as being Chief of the Cherryfield Volunteer Police Department. We reached no con clusion as to which role he may have been playing.” Seavey later told investigating state police he “ ran over Peters' legs only, and that Peters was already dead.” Brannigan said his own investigation showed that Seavey lied. Povich acted hastily Reports reveal that Seavey ran over Peters at 2:10a.m., then. 12 minutes later, notified state police of a fatal motor vehicle accident. Nineteen minutes later state police Trooper Ronald Moody arrived at the scene, spoke with Seavey, and was told Seavey and Atwater found the body in the road. Seven days later Seavey admitted his vehicle ran over Peters, but claimed he only ran over the victim’ s'legs, and that Peters was already dead. ]p September 1981, Indian blueberryrakers. upset about the death and subse quent investigation, met with Wyman company president, Fred Kneeland, and state police Cpl. Thomas Michaud. Mi chaud told the “ Native Grievance Com mittee” that evidence would be presented to a Washington County grand jury, the following week. A few days later. Povich announced he would not seek grand jury action, and instead charged Seavey with a Class D misdemeanor in district court in Machias. On Sept. 21. Seavey pleaded nolo con tendere [nocontest], and was fined 5100. Povich said he was surprised at the negative public reaction. Milbridge First Selectman John Purington wrote in a guest editorial in a daily newspaper: “ I don ’ think the district attorney [Povich] t has fulfilled his responsibilities to the law, or to the people who elected him. I’d like to know if Judge Emanueison asked any o f the questions before passing judgment on the case. As for Joseph Peters, I hope his spirit finds peace despite how cheaply his mortality was bought.” Brannigan defended the court action in an interview. “ If he [Seavey] had stopped his car, he wouldn’ even be charged t with a crime,” Brannigan said. But didn’ Seavey lie to state police? t “ Making a statement to exculpate yourself is not a crime,” Brannigan replied. Brannigan’ s report, addressed to Povich, concluded that the district attor ney’s office “prosecuted Seavey for the only crime supported by the evidence and did nothing to minimize the sentence to be imposed. “ While in hindsight it may have been more prudent to have conducted a more exhaustive investigation before acquiesc ing to a disposition by plea in the district court, in this case such an investigation did not enhance the severity of the charges in any way.” Nicholas Dow Dow: pushing development INDIAN ISLAND — Terms like “Indian enterprise,’ non-polluting business, and ’ industry," are becoming familiar to Nicho las Dow, new director of economic de velopment for the Penobscot Nation. Dow's plans include setting up an advisory group. As he puts it, “because of Reagonomics, some of the departments have been cut. and I want to help them where I can." Dow would also like to go for bigger stakes: “Do we want to look at a small industrial park here, to attract nonpolluting businesses?” Dow said he would “like to have a little more time to develop a long range plan" for the Island's economic development, but time is important, to offset President Reagan's drastic budget cuts. “The big gest thing is proper planning," he said, “to get an idea where the tribe wants to go." One place the tribe may want to go is to Acadia Peat Company in (the town of) Penobscot. The tribe now owns 1,233 acres of bog, through land claims pur chases. Another development is the availability of tribally-guaranteed loans to individuals and small groups, for wood harvesting. Individuals can borrow up to $1,500, and corporations or partnerships, up to $5,000, under terms approved by the tribal council. The loans are restricted to covering workm en’ compensation and s liability insurance. Thus far, Mike and Everett Sapiel, brothers, and their cousin Nick Sapiel, have applied for a loan to form their own wood harvesting company. As Dow sees it, “eventually we hope to train Penobscots to be in every facet’ of the wood ’ business. Andrew X. Akins, former tribal admin istrator, has formed Penak, Inc., a wood harvesting firm that has a stumpage permit from the tribe. Bill would erase all pending eastern land claims WASHINGTON — A proposed Con legislative liaison, “and that policy re gressional bill, if passed, would wipe out spects the rights of all people, including legal and property rights of Indian tribes Indian peoples. This bill proposes an in seeking recovery of lands in eastern consistent policy approach that would states. deny only Indians, because they are The bill, initiated by Rep. Gary Lee Indians, access to the American system of (R-N.Y.), purports to “establish a fair and justice. The bill would add years of consistent National Policy for the resolu litigation and vastly increase the cost of tion of claims based upon a purported lack settling these claims according to present of Congressional approval of ancient law and policy.” Indian land transfers and to clear the As originally drafted, the Lee bill would titles of lands subject to such claims.” apply to Indian claims in the states of The bill would limit tribes to asking for Connecticut, New York and South Caro money damages. lina. Other states contacted by Lee “There is a national Indian policy in declined the opportunity to be named in place, as ‘ ancient’ and as modern as the the legislation, and Connecticut has re Constitution," said. Suzan Harjo, NARF quested that it be removed from the proposal. In a letter of protest to Senator Alfonse D ’ m ato, C on n ecticu t Gov. W illiam A O’ eill declared his “opposition to the N Ancient Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. This legislation would prohibit the return of any land to the tribes and would substitute an exclusive monetary remedy for the extinguished right of Indians to recover their lands through court action or negotiation. “The bill raises serious Constitutional concerns which could only lead to further litigation. The settlement of Indian land claims varies with each state and legis lation which fails to recognize individual issues and problems might not be able to settle these claims in a fair and equitable manner,” O’ eill said. N In 1977, when a bill similar to the Lee proposal would have extinguished the Maine Indian claims. Harvard Professor Archibald Cox called the approach one that would “disgrace the Nation. Such action would carry a simple but shameful message: when the law gives Indians a substantial claim to land taken by white men which the regular courts of justice may sustain, the white men will change the rules rather than permit a decision according to existing law. A broader m essage would be inferred: Indians cannot obtain justice even in the white man’ courts.” s �Wabanaki Alliance April 19S2 Page 13 Tribal/state panel set up AUGUSTA — More than one full year after the signing of the $81 million federal land claims settlement with Maine Indians, a Tribal/State Commission has been estab lished in accordance with provisions of that settlement. The commission’ primary job will be s to deal with jurisdiction and other issues relating to fishing on up to 300,000 acres of land acquired under terms of the settle ment. As of press time, the commission had not yet held a first meeting. At that meeting, eight members — four nonIndians for the state, and two representa tives each from the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes — will elect a chairman with voting powers. That chairman must be a retired judge, according to Andrew Janeile, assistant attorney general for the state. The charter of the commission says eligible chairmen are retired state judges from the superior or supreme court level, and retired federal ju d ges from the district court, or higher courts. Janeile said he could not think of any higher court retired Striking a comfortable pose in the Penobscot N ation’ drop-in center, recently, are from federal judges residing in Maine. s left, A1 Dana, a counselor, Brian Attean, and Jim N eptune. The ex-judge who is selected must reside in Maine, and will have full voting rights on the commission. This means, in effect, there will be five non-Indians and four Indians constituting the commission. Janeile said that in addition to fishing Dropping in Clinic cites progress INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Statistics don’ t lie, the saying goes, and if so, then the Community Health Services [CHS] at the Passamaquoddy reservation here look good. Figures for the past three years show that patients treated in 1979 numbered 753, in 1980 totaled 3,233, and last year reached a high of 3,461. In other business, CHS announced it has taken over supervision of alcoholism counselors Bernard [Fernald] Stevens and Jim Mitchell. Mitchell can be reached by calling 796-2301, or 796-2918. Stevens can be contacted at 796-2301, or 796-2785. Abortion restricted The federal Indian Health Service [IHS] has informed CHS Director Wayne A. Newell that abortion services are now limited to cases where the life of the mother would be endangered if the fetus were carried to term. This restriction applies only to IHS funded abortions. The clinic may refer women for abortions if the patient has other resources for funding, or can pay for the abortion herself, IHS siad. Seniors discuss aging Indian Township was the site o f a joint “ senior companion” meeting, Feb. 24. The program was coordinated by Fran Nicholas, director o f Title VI, John Ahlin , county director o f the senior companion program, and Phyllis Lank, Title VI liaison. Elders from Eastport, Perry, Pleasant Point, Woodland, and Indian Township attended. Nick Gammertsfelder, health educator from Pleasant Point, presented films about aging and the group discussed their feelings. Participants told o f how they adapt their activities to their age to get the most out of each day. Senior citizens have so many experi ences to draw from, and so much know ledge to share with others. Age is an asset, not a liability. Once the older adult realizes that he has a valuable place in society, he can adjust activities and attitudes accordingly. He counsels any age. . . INDIAN ISLAND — Richard Hewes, new counselor to Penobscot students, says that interest in attending college appears to be at an all-time high, among tribal members. Although H ew es’office is a tiny space at the Indian Island elementary school, he said he counsels students who range in age from junior high to more than 50 years old. A native of Bangor, Hewes has spent 16 years as a high school guidance counselor, most recently in Madison. But on the reservation, he said, “th ere’ s more variety," since he deals with different ages. Actually, Hewes directed an adult education program at Madison. Most Penobscot students choose Bangor Community College or University of WASHINGTON - The Lower Mus Maine at Orono, he said, but he does not kogee Creek Tribe got the word last fall: it push a student toward a particular school: “does not exist as an Indian tribe,” “it’ a choice a student has to make,” he s according to federal governm ent officials. explained. A notice in the Federal R egister stated In some ways, working on the reserva the Lower Muskogee Creeks do not meet tion is just like anywhere else, according certain criteria for a government-to-gov- to Hewes. “It's the same problems,” he ernment relationship with the U.S. said. A number of letters supported the “not Hewes said he finds his job, which he a tribe” findings. began last fall, to be “very interesting.” Deep south tribe deep-sixed Barnes cares about kids PLESANT POINT Maxwell J. Barnes can be tough with kids if they are misbehaving. But if he is stern, it is because he cares. In fact, he loves children. Barnes is environmental health and safety director for the Passamaquoddy Tribe here, and he states flatly that “my first priority is the kids, school. “There were three things I was after. The first, naturally, is kids. The second is recreation safety. The third is construc tion safety.” Barnes’ latest project has been to successfully organize school pupils as a team of crossing guards on busy Route 190, a state road that bisects the reser vation. (He is also working with tribal Police Chief Bruce Francis to obtain blinking yellow lights at either end of the reservation, with a 15 mph school zone, along Route 190.) Uniforms for the crossing guards have been ordered. But already discipline and training shows among the kids, who in regulations, the commission will review any proposal for designation of Maine land as non-taxable Indian territory, under terms of the settlement. The tribes can purchase up to 300,000 acres of such land, and must do so by a Dec. 31 dead line, the settlement stipulates. Any such proposal for designation as Indian territory would have to be approved by the legislature. "I honestly think that the Tribal/State Commission can play an important role.’ Janeile said. The Penobscot Nation has appointed tribai council member Watie Akins to the commission, along with Reuben E. Phil lips, already elected by the tribe to the non-voting position of representative to the legislature for the Penobscots. The Passamaquoddy Tribe, after con siderable delay, has named to the commis sion: Gifford [Cliv] Dore, director of the health clinic -at Pleasant Point, and Steve Meader of Indian Township. Representatives to the commission con firmed by the state are, Portland lawyer F. Paul Frinsko, state Wildlife biologist Frederick B. Hurley, former state repre sentative Chuck Dow of Gardiner, and former, state fish and game commissioner Maynard F. Marsh, now a member of the board of environmental protection. business-like manner halt even the largest tractor-trailer trucks while perhaps a small child crosses the road. It’ “the first time in all reservations, to s my knowledge,” that a crossing program has been established, Barnes told Wab anaki Alliance. The kids deserving credit for volunteer ing as the first crossing guards are president, Philip Nicholas, eighth grade; and seventh graders Jimmy Bailey, vice president, Newell Owens, and Patrick Francis. The Editor apologizes for any youngsters left out of this list. In other activity, Barnes last October held a fire safety and prevention poster contest in the school, and offered, for the third straight year, a ride on the firetruck. The rides prove popular with kinder garten through eighth graders. Barnes has another, unrelated project. He recently purchased Riverview Board ing Home in Eastport, an operation that has 17 mildly retarded clients, and employs a total of eight people. A crossing guard at Pleasant Point. Richard Hewes Hewes holds a m aster’ degree in counsel s ing and guidance from UMO. Hewes replaced Ken Putnam, who is selling real estate. �Page 14 Wabanaki Alliance April 1982 A turbulent era for Penobscots economic depression and the Penobscots By S. Glenn Starbird, Jr. w ere particularly hard hit. In addition, The last years of the nineteenth century disease in various forms took a terrible marked the low point for the Penobscot toll. The Tribe’ population had risen from s Nation. Most of their lands had been lost an extreme low of 277 in 1822, to a high of in 1818. In 1833, another large area 525 in 1861. From there it plummeted to vanished, when the four townships guar 383 by 1890. Births and adoptions from anteed under the Treaty of 1818 were other tribes were not keeping pace with fraudulently taken by the state, leaving deaths. The death tolls from 1880 to 1885 only the islands in the river above Old were: 1880, sixteen; 1881, twenty-five; Town. 1882, thirty-five; 1883, twelve; (five of The middle 1800’ had also been a s which were infants); 1884, twenty-seven; period of political instability in which the and 1885, nineteen. This was an average of hereditary Chiefs were replaced by an twenty-two deaths per year for the six elective system. This system which was years. In a community of 446 this was firmly backed by the last hereditary Chief disastrous. Five percent of the tribe was Joseph Attean, began in 1867. It should be dying each year! The low population re noted that the Old Party continued to mained constant until W orld War I. elect Joseph Attean and Saul Neptune, The ‘ outsiders’ the last hereditary Chief and Sub-Chief, In the 1870’ the political situation was s during the first years of the new system ’ s still unsettled. The new leaders and operation. elective system were not yet firmly Many other changes w ere also taking established and the Old Tribal Leaders place during this time. Joseph Attean, were either old or dead. With the situation Governor of the Old Party and Tomer so unsettled, it was not surprising that Soekalexis, Governor of the New Party, dissatisfied mem bers of both parties both died in 1870. Their deaths swept united together calling themselves the away the moderating influence that both “Third Party” or “Outsiders.” They claim had exercised on radicals of their respec ed the. same rights as the other two tive parties. parties including the right to hold elec The year of 1871 was scheduled for the tions one third of the time. In the election Old Party’ turn in Tribal Public Office s of November 1874 for the Old Party term and the election was held in the fall of of 1875, the Old Party failed to make 1870. With Joseph Attean dead, the party nominations in Caucus resulting in two had lost a leader on which they greatly sets of Candidates to be voted for. depended. Tomer Soekalexis, the New Sabattis Mitchell and John Neptune were Party Governor, had died in October 1870 elected Governor and Lieutenant Gover also leaving the New Party leaderless. nor in this election. The defeated faction However, they had more time. When their left the Old Party and joined the Third turn came again in 1872 they chose Party. The Third Party then petitioned without difficulty Joseph S. Soekalexis, the Legislature to repeal the 1866 law and the son of Tomer Soekalexis. Joseph return to the open election system of the would be chosen New Party Governor for early 1860’ This action prompted the Old s. three terms. His Lieutenant Governor for and New Party to unite in opposition to these three terms was Sockabesin Swas- STEVE STANILAUS a prominent Penobscot in the 1800’ here dressed in his s, this proposal which resutled in its rejec sian. Swassian, at this time in his mid Sunday best. tion by the Legislature. forties, had already served as Represen Though Sabattis Mitchell had tried tative several times and established him sincerely to placate the troubled political one term as Governor, returned to serve self as a man worthy of respect and honor leaders were now looking toward Stephen waters, his main accomplishment in his Stanislaus of Lincoln to replace Attean. in the Legislature each Old Party term for in the tribe. He and his son-in-law Joseph single term as Governor (and as events Francis were destined to establish one of Stanislaus was nearly a twin to his uncle the remainder of his life. proved a major one) was uniting the two During this period new political ques the strongest political families of the New in both appearance and mental outlook established parties in opposition to the and was gaining adherants among At- tions were arising. Income from the Party in the coming half century. radical third party. Although their pro leasing of island shores which went into s On the other hand, the Old Party, more tean’ former followers. posal of an open general election in which Joseph Nicola, at this time in his early the state treasury, was one. The majority accustomed to the traditional ways, had everyone com peted freely was eventually of the Tribe felt such income should be trouble in re-establishing the influence thirties, was rapidly developing into a adopted (but not until 1931), the estab political leader. He had already repre divided among Tribal mem bers and the once held by its leaders. lishment of such an elective system in the Joseph Attean was dead and his only sented the Tribe at the Legislature Agent backed them in their endeavor to 1870’ would have probably meant the end s son Tomer, was still a minor. His brother several times as had his New Party change the law. Another was the disorder of the Penobscot government. John, for unknown reasons, never ran for counterpart Sockabesin Swassian. But in land titles which was finally settled by a In the New Party ranks, Sockabesin any tribal political office during the entire while Swassian abandoned the L egis State Board of Commissioners in 1883-84. Swassian was already a force to be span of his long life. Some Old Party lature to become Governor, Nicola after The question of tribal membership and reckoned with in Tribal Politics. The Old adoption of people into the Tribe was Party ranks still adhered to the families of another. This matter, once solely in the the old Chiefs, the Atteans and the domain of the Old Town School Com Neptunes. These families already had a mittee, was to be partially transferred to strong leader Saul Neptune, Son of John an elected Tribal Census Committee in the Neptune, but he was old. Among the 1890’ s. Atteans, Tomer, the son of Joseph Attean Medicine show was developing into the same type of man care, maternal and child health care, and WASHINGTON — Unless Congress Also during this period, methods of his father had been. It was to him the Old nursing. The CHR program was funded at earning a living had changed. A portion of acts to restore programs for Community Party turned after Sabattis Mitchell a level of $28.8 million this year. Health Representatives (CHR) and urban the tribe had left the island to travel on refused to serve another term. The Old A brief explanation of the CHR cut was the “Medicine Show” circuit. Others had Indian health care, funding for those Party united in the fall of 1876 and offered in a Department of Health and established fairly regular summer resi activities will be eliminated from the unanimously elected Tomer, the heir of Human Services (DHHS) statement that dences on the coast and sold materials Indian Health Service (IHS) budget in their former chief as Governor. Tragically was released with the IHS budget. manufactured (particularly baskets) at fiscal year 1983. The proposed cuts were however, Tom er the youngest Governor According to the statement, “... IHS will home during the winter months. With detailed in President Reagan’ FY 1983 s ever elected by the Penobscot Nation, be able to maintain the existing levels of more people having a grade school budget request, which was announced died Christmas E ve 1876 without ever direct health care services and to fund education, better educated tribal mem here February 8. assuming the duties of his office. selected program expansions by refocus In addition to the elimination of the bers in both parties w ere becom ing the ing resources from non-patient care new breed of tribal leaders. These leaders The Old Party was again without a CHR and urban Indian health program, activities. Decreases in non-patient care leader. the Administration’ budget reduces by $2 s w ere more able to deal with the white man Editor’ Note: S. Glenn Starbird, Jr., is s activities include $29 million due to the “on his own turf.” Late in the 1870’ (1878 million the funding for the Indian health s tribal genealogist for the Penobscot elimination of Federal funding of tribal manpower scholarship program, and pro to be exact) the order of the Sisters of Nation. vides no funding for the construction of staff who currently provide liaison and Mercy became established on Indian some health services for the IHS and Indian hospitals, health clincis, and sani Island. As teachers in the local school, Indian people under the Community tation facilities. they exercised an influence that was to be Health Representatives (CHR) program.” In cutting the CHR program, the felt for over a century. Regarding the cutback in funding for Administration is recommending the In addition to new ideas and occupa termination of what is considered to be a urban Indian health services, the Depart tions, there were other factors that WASHINGTON — The Justice Depart ment states that: “A decrease of $8 million mainstay of many tribal health programs. pushed the Penobscot people into a ment obtained a consent decree January Under the CHR program, tribes provide a reflects the elimination of the Urban changed way of life m ore quickly than 19 barring the Great W estern Bank and Health program which now may be funded number of health-related services, in they might have otherwise. In the 1870’ s Trust of Phoenix from refusing to make as needed by local and state governments cluding home health care, emergency the country was plunged into a serious loans to Indians and reservation residents. through Federal block grants.” medical services, health education, dental Reagan curtails IHS Court orders bank to lend to Indians �Wabanaki Alliance April 1982 Page 15 New census due ji- |ntjjan groups seek Ola census law was 3 ---- r better,chairman INDIAN ISLAND — The chairman of the eiected Penobscot Nation tribal census committee says life — and the committee s work — would be much easier if the old “twice-removed” law were reinstated. Sadie Mitchell, chairman, said under the old law. a tribal member who married “ out,” to a non-Indian, was one re moved. When the children of that family married non-Indians, that was two re moved, and their children could not meet the minimum quarter-blood quantum for tribal membership. The twice-removed law was based on the concept thatthere are no full-blooded Penobscots alive today, although some Penobscots protest that they are indeed full-blooded. But Mitchell said this is vanity; “ we knew we would never be fullblood, because [even if you married back into Indian blood] we would always have that little fraction of white.” The Nation no longer abides by the twice-removed law, and the census com mittee has been assigned the job of tracing Indian blood through people's ancestry. The results have been sometimes secret, sometimes startling, and often contro versial. Mitchell said that in recent years, tribal officials have padded the tribal rolls for purposes of a larger headcount to get government grants. The result is that persons with less than one-quarter blood are now on the Penobscot tribal census. The land claims, plus other monetary and service benefits, make being a bona fide member of the tribe very attractive. Tribal genealogist S. Glenn Starbird has been beseiged warn letters and calls from would-be Penobscots, as have other tribal officials. The committee has approved 59 persons for tribal membership, but their names will not be made public until final approval. urban areas, others in rural regions; many WASHINGTON — If Pocahontas were retain strong cultural bonds, while others alive today she couldn’ qualify for federal t are bound by commercial activities. programs to house or educate Indians. To win BIA recognition, a groupd must Her descendants, the Upper Mattaponi demonstrate that it has maintained a Indians of the Powhatan Confederation, continuous presence from “historical are among 250 Indian groups, nations or times," that the core of the tribe has lived confederations that are ineligible for many in a specific area or in a community federal services available to Indians living identified as American Indian and that it on or near reservations because the has maintained a “tribal political influence government doesn't recognize them as or other authority over its members." tribes. The BIA also requires the group to Seventy-five Indian groups, including provide a list of descendants from fullthe Mattaponi of St. Stephens Church, blooded members, prove that its members Va., the 325 Piscataway Indians of do not belong to another tribe and show' Waldorf, Md., and the 75 members of the that Congress has not abolished it or United Rappahannock Tribe of Indian barred it as a recognized tribe, which has Neck, Va., are seeking that recognition happened to seven Indian groups. through the federal acknowledgement In three years, the acknowledgement office of the Interior Department’ Bureau s office has completed work on four of its 79 of Indian Affairs (BIA). petitions. Three tribes, including Vir For many Indian groups "there is ginia's Jamestown Clallam Indians, have prestige and honor in having established a gained recognition, while the other group, special government-to-government rela the Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe in tionship with the United States,’ said John A. (Bud) Shapard, director of the 12- Mississippi, was rejected — told, in effect, that it was not a tribe. person acknowledgement office. “There Suzan Harjo, legislative liaison for the are very few groups out there who are Native American Rights Fund, an Indian seeking recognition for the services or for interest group, contends that the tribes money.” should not be required to prove they have Nonetheless, recognition means that a lived continuously in one place because tribe would share in the $920 million the the government was responsible for BIA provides to Indian communities scattering many of them, including the through program s such as public housing, Lower Muskogee Creeks, in the last law' enforcement, social services, educa century. tion and loan assistance. The list of recog “Bit now that the game has started," nized groups includes 281 tribes and 219 Harjo says, “It (the regulation) really groups of Alaska natives, Eskimos and shouldn't be changed." Aleuts. “The term recognition is a lousy word," From 1871, when the last Indian treaty complained Thomas Oxendine, a BIA was signed, until three years ago Indian spokesman and a member of North Caro groups had to seek federal recognition lina’ scattered Lumbee tribe. “We (at the s through legislation, executive orders or BIA) don't want to set a standard for who presidential proclamations. But in 1978 a is and who is not an Indian” when tribes federal court ordered the BIA to set up a claim a membership of a certain size. system to handle petitions for recognition. “All we do is say that the Indian tribe or The acknowledgement office was the group must set standards to be recog answer. Its task was to find Indian groups nized,” Oxendine said, adding that some that are entitled to a special govern Indian groups require their members to ment-to-government relationship with the be full-blooded, while others accept as United States because of treaty, law of members those who have a single greatother agreement, or that deserve such a great-gTeat-grandparent who was an In relationship because they were never Micmacs live in Boston, at least on a sea dian. given the opportunity to negotiate an sonal basis. Many Maine Micmacs pick agreement. Shapard estimates that 30 percent of potatoes and rake blueberries. Many Those distinctions separate the 681,213 the Indian groups will gain recognition by Canadian Micmacs migrate to Maine for Indians in the recognized tribes living on the year 2003. The Mattaponi likely will be these seasonal jobs. one of them, since they live on a reser or near reservations from the rest of the John Morey, of the Micmac Recognition 1,418,195 American Indians, Alaskan vation run by the state of Virginia. Committee, said that “ before they wanted natives, Eskimos and Aleuts, many of But the road to recognition can be a to talk about recognition and services here w'hom are assimilated into the population hard one. The Tunica-Biloix tribe, from [in the U.S.], they wanted to be sure they at large and thus are not eligible for BIA Louisiana, first sought recognition in 1826. w ouldn’ lose their citizenship in Canada.” t Its remaining 200 members finally won it programs. Whether Micmacs can have it both ways in July, making them the 500th, and A ck n ow led gem en t office s o c io lo g is t is not yet clear. A source told Wabanaki Lynn Lambert said that groups seeking newest, federally recognized tribe. Alliance the Micmacs have ‘‘no definitive (Reprinted from The Washington Post) recognition are diverse: som e live in aboriginal territory in the U.S.,” and the land claims settlement act precludes any new claims in Maine. Federal recognition, the source said, would mean appropriation of more federal dollars for Maine Indians, and that is considered unlikely. Harold Prinz, anthropologist working with the Micmacs. told the meeting “ we should plan for the Micmacs a course for the future so they are not the victims of bureaucratic notions. ’’ Bunny McBride, who is assisting Prinz, said that “ to find the social, economic and historical context in which the recognition effort is taking place is . . . to basically gain a sense of who is the Micmac popula tion.” Meeting-goers agreed that coordination between Maine and Boston Micmacs is necessary to any recognition work. Meanwhile, the recognition committee has planned rotating monthly meetings, in Caribou, Houlton, Presque Isle, Fort Kent and other places. Meetings usually Jim Sappier addresses Micmac meeting. include a potiuck supper. Mitchell said a completed census is due this month. At press time, a tribal general meeting was scheduled, with proposed census laws on the agenda. Mitchell and other committee members say the tribal council has been reluctant to meet with the committee, apparently fearin2 repercussions about who should be added or removed from the census. The committee has repeatedly tried to meet with the council, sources said. “ All they’ got to do is just go by the ve genealogy,” Mitchell said. “ We are mandated by law to put the blod quantum on the new census, which is now being done,’ she said. What this means is that a person who is less than one quarter blood, but listed on the census, will be identified as less than one quarter blood Indian. Complications may crop up because the federal government uses the quarter blood standard. “ We're not out to hurt any particular family. OUr own families are being hurt.' Mitchell said. So far. two members of the census committee have resigned, and in a recent election, nobody was willing to risk being a candidate for the controversial panel. Those who resigned are Carolyn Massey and Doreen Bartlett. Those remaining are Mitchell, Lottie Stevens, Eunice Crowley, S. C. Francis, Ruth Davis, Violet Francis, Rose Francis, Jean Chavaree, Rose Clark and Clara Jennings. Mitchell isn't new to the job; for 14 years she was chairman of the old census committee. Apparently, the last full-blooded Penob scot was John [Basehom] Sousep, so named because he played in an Indian band. He died in the 1950's. And there is som e doubt about whether he was 100 percent Indian-blooded. AAicmacs co to gain federal status INDIAN ISLAND — Micmac people from across Maine, and interested others, gathered here recently to discuss the idea of becoming federally recognized as a tribe, and thus eligible for a range of federal benefits. The Micmacs, unlike their neighbors, the Maliseets, were not included in the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims, that brought these tribes federal recogni tion and millions of dollars in benefits. Whether this could be done is by no means a sure thing, but a Micmac Recogni tion Committee was organized in Aroos took County, several months ago, and outside advice and support has been sought. A community organizing group, the Institute for Cultural Affairs, in Starks, has been assisting the committee through Tim Crane. Crane’s contract will end soon. Micmacs from Aroostook County, Central Maine Indian Association of Orono. and Boston Indian Council attend ed. Tom Batiste, a federal Administration for Native Americans official who helped organize the Association of Aroostook Indians, spoke to the group, as did James Sappier, an early Penobscot community organizer. Sappier insisted his comments be off the record. Batiste said the big question is “ where do w? go from here.” He said most M ic e macs want to keep ties with their Canadian ancestry. Many U.S. Micmacs were bom in Canada, and Batiste said he eventually plans to retire in Canada. Estimates are that som e 500-1,000 Micmacs live in Maine, while 3.000 saysrecognition astr �Page 16 Wabanaki Alliance April 1982 Flashback news notes Wilderness how-to talk is free G-L Mission eyes Mud Lake camp ORONO — Tom Brown, Jr., an authorityon wilderness survival who spent ten years learning Indian lore from an Apache, will lecture March 31. from 7-9 p.m., in the Damn Yankee lounge, Memorial Union, University o f Maine at Orono. Brown’ talk, and a reception to follow, s are sponsored by Native Americans at Maine, and the UMO Guest Lecture Series. The event is free and the public is invited. Brown is the author of T h e Search,’ and T h e Tracker.’ H e is a contributor to Mother Earth News, and operates wilder ness survival training programs in Wash ington state, and New Jersey. Barry Nelson, a Penobscot at UMO, has attended Brown’s courses. Tickets for a raffle to benefit the student Indian club are for sale from Native Americans at Maine members. First prize is $100: second prize, a packbasket. Tickets are SI each, and a drawing will take place at the lecture. Cancer society visits clinic for TV PENOBSCOT WOMAN — This watercolor was painted in 1875, by Mary Anne Hardy, depicting-the style of dress, circa 1825. INDIAN ISLAND - A television film crew visited the Penobscot Health & Human Services Department, to get • footage for a public service TV spot, or “commercial,” for the American Cancer Society. The brief segm ent of the spot will reportedly feature health center staff members Patricia Knox, Evelyn Akins profitability of the water works make it a and Rhonda McManus. bad investment. If the sale goes through, the tribe will control the supply of water for the entire City o f Eastport. Under federal guidelines, the water company must have a filtration system installed and operating by Jan. 1, 1985, according to a story in The Quoddy Tides. WASHINGTON — The 1980 census After considering purchase for three years, the City o f Eastport decided it was a figures released by the U.S. Bureau of Census showed a 71% increase in the bad bet, financially. Nicholas is optimistic, and hopes that Indian population in the past decade — owning the water company will provide from 827,268 to 1,418,195. Most of the increase, however, was several jobs for tribal members. attributed by the bureau to “improved census taking and the greater likelihood in 1980 that people would identify them Beach, Florida, were granted a divorce selves in this category.” California, 201,311 passed Oklahoma, 169.464 as the recently, in Third District Court. Bangor. state with the largest Indian population. Rounding out the top five are Arizona, 152,857; New Mexico, 104,777 and North Carolina, 64,635. IPSWICH, Mass. — The Quebec-Labrador Mission, sponsor of a summer camp for Indian children in northern Aroostook County, now has the opportunity to purchase the property. Ellen Mustin, camp director and a Massachusetts school teacher in the off-season, said the Mud Lake camp, near Sinclair, is available at a very reasonable price, in the area of $20,000. The current owners, a local Kiwanis Club, are willing, if not anxious, to sell the property. Mustin said she hopes Indian groups, such as the Maine reservation governments, Houlton Band of Maliseets, or Association of Aroostook Indians, would be willing to contribute toward the purchase price. The camp has served Indian children from Maine and Canda for a number of years. The Q-L Mission, under the leader ship of the Rev. Robert Bryan, has a reputation for assisting isolated people and communities in a variety of ways. Bryan is a former partner in the “Bert & I” Maine humor team, with the late Marshall D odge of Portland. Tribe buys water works PLEASANT POINT — The Passamaquoddy Tribe here has voted 65-21, to purchase the Eastport Water Company from its parent firm in Philadelphia. The turnaround vote follows an earlier rejection of the purchase by tribal mem bers. despite strenuous lobbying efforts by tribal Gov. J. Hartley Nicholas. The Governor believes that the tribe has nothing to lose, since purchase would be paid for by federal funds, possibly a com bination grant and loan. Others claim that needed repairs and long range maintenance, plus the dubious And now, 1.4 million Indians Neptunes divorced BANGOR — Timothy Neptune of Indian Island, and Marian Neptune o f Daytona Poetry Untitled A then to now beauty to briks strong gone astray; togetherness, to cliques. I've been serene to insane angry to accepting, from violent to tame. You slander, you shame you’ hurt yourself; ll try to do me harm! I’ still a human who’ warm. m s No, you can’ hurt me no longer. t I’ only grow stronger, ll as then to now. Ne-qu-tar-tar-wet, 1982 Colvilie tribes host W ebs of Mind Ah yes, writing and unravelling the w ebs we cross and carry and make each day. Let me drop a line and move to another level Or cast one up or out Many lines to and fro Yes, I imagine it is beautiful in all. The magical, mystical insight to life. To life’ essence is growth s But help me please is what I want to say. My web is drooping in places Tom orrows sun will take up the slack, and I’ go on with what ll I’ done. ve June 5th Red Hawk CLINIC ASSISTANT — Susan Newell, Passamaquoddy, was recently hired by the Pleasant Point health center. She formerly worked at the reservation junior high school as a counselor aide, and previously under went two years of training as a nurses aide/ child care, in Pennsylvania. Tribal member debuts b-ball tourney NESPELEM, Wash. - The Colville Confederated Tribes of eastern Washing ton will host the 1982 National Indian Athletic Association Basketball Tourna ment April 20-24, in Spokane. Thirty-two men’ teams and 24 women’ s s teams from throughout the U.S. and Canada are expected to participate in playoff gam es scheduled at Whitworth College. Championship gam es will be held in Spokane’ coliseum, where four to five s thousand fans watch the tournament’ s finals. INDIAN ISLAND — Philip and Lori Loring Guimond are the proud parents of a new Penobscot tribal member, Rachael Marie Guimond, who was bom in Bangor, March 4, at 10:36 a.m. She weighed eight pounds, two-and-one-half ounces at birth, and is a smiling happy baby. T IN IA p lCR FTI K Ds u N ie s A p c d c c T TRI-CHEM LIQUID EMBROIDERY TRY IT! GREAT RESULTS. Classes and instructor-training available. CONTACT DEBBIE MITCHELL 827-7608 ' r n m m m m m m m m t sm tm m ; For free catalog. : i "I48 P a g e C a t a lo g Tilt world’s larga*! Indian Crafts Catalog. Mon than 4, 000 Kami to choota from! Trade Beads. Tin Cones, Brass Beads. Moire Taffeta Ribbon, Ermine Skins, Bone Elk Teeth Shawl Fringe and 'fam. OLa W m 113-15 Springfield Blvd. Queens Village, N.Y. 11429 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (April 1982) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-04 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-433 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/52e19f9374461486371e073a14f210e9.pdf 1eae49caf4dba5075230123ee7305fb2 PDF Text Text Non-profit Organization U.S. Postage Paid 3.1c Permit No. 15 Orono, Maine A llia n ce August 1979 US court affirms tribal immunity from suit PORTLAND— Maine Indians might not find a better ally of tribal sovereignty, or supporter o f their land claims, than the U.S. Court o f Appeals. Earlier this year, the appeals court— with federal district Judge Edward T. Gignoux presiding— released an opinion setting forth the Passamaquoddy tribe’ right to immuni s ty from lawsuit. That immunity is one o f the remaining sovereign powers o f recognized Indian tribes in the U.S. The court's 1 page opinion upheld a 3 previous decision dismissing a suit brought against the Passamaquoddy tribe by a lawyer who was indirectly associated with the first stages of the current 12.5 million acre Indian claim to northern Maine. Thomas N. Tureen, lawyer for the Maine Indian land claim, told Wabanaki Alliance he was pleased and encouraged by the court ruling o f May 17, which he said reaffirms “Passamaquoddy vs. Morton," a corner stone o f the land case and federal recogni tion o f the tribes. The appeals court ruling dealt with a suit brought by Massachusetts lawyer John S. Bottomly, formerly associated with the Passamaquoddy tribe's initial efforts to claim damages for alienated lands. (Bottom ly worked for Don C. Gellers, who first represented the tribe and was later busted on a marijuana charge. Gellers fled the country', and Tureen took over the land claims case.) The State o f Maine, represented by Deputy Atty. Gen. John M. R. Paterson, squared off against the tribe and federal government, arguing the Passamaquoddies may not be a tribe, but simply an association (Continued on page 5 ) Penobscots sever ties, form own CETA agency INDIAN ISLAND — Penobscot tribal government has been awarded a Compre hensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) prime sponsorship. The new status makes Indian Island independent o f the CETA program o f Tribal Governors, Inc., (TGI) a coalition o f Maine tribes, which currently handles CETA monies for reserva tions and off-reservation organizations. The move o f Penobscot Indian CETA to Indian Island promoted speculation that the Penobscots might be planning a complete withdrawal from TGI. Penobscot Governor Wilfred Pehrson, however, denied any such move is contemplated. “There are other areas for TGI as a group. I see TGI as a conduit for starting programs and running them until the tribes can take them over. I see it (TGI) as a learning process. I would like to see MITA (Maine Indian Transportation Association) stay within TGI for another two or three years so we can learn how to run it.” Pehrson rejected the idea that Penobscot withdrawal from TG I’ CETA program s would lead to the dissolution o f the organization. Penobscot tribal planner Mi chael Ranco agreed that the formation o f a separate CETA program would not hurt TGI. “I don’ feel it will break up. It’ not t s just a CETA organization,” he said. TGI also sponsors Maine Indian Manpower, MITA, a nutrition program and a weatherization program. TGI response to the Penobscot with drawal was immediate. Pehrson, who was TGI president, was fired and replaced by Robert Newell, governor of Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy reservation. Although the reason given Pehrson for his dismissal was that he would be in conflictof interest as head o f two groups, each with a CETA program, he said he felt his firing was in re taliation for the Penobscot’ seeking control s o f the CETA program. j.’ . ucvi »npage 4 n ) State s e e k s jurisdiction ruling AUGUSTA— The state attorney general’ office will reportedly ask the s U S,, supreme court to decide whether Maine has criminal jurisdiction on Indian reservations within the state. The planned appeal com es on the heels of a Maine supreme court opinion that the state did not have jurisdiction over Aden J. Sockabasin, a Passamaquoddy convicted of arson at Indian Township reservation. If Maine files petitions for appeal to the high court, they must be submitted by Oct. 1. At some later date, the supreme court Would decide whether to hear the case. Thejunsdictm n issue touches on the Passamaquoddy-Penobscot claims to 12.5 million acres of Maine, in which the tribes maintain they have a sovereign right to aboriginal lands. So far, court rulings have supported tribal sovereignty. We are dealing here with the m ost serious question affecting the state’ s sovereignty over the criminal laws.” commented Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen. He said he has met with U.S. attorney for Maine, George Mitchell, to discuss handling of cases that may be dismissed for lack of state jurisdiction. A special pageant M i l at Indian Island v a s a visit from the Most Rev. Amedee Prostht, auxiliary bislrcp of the Catholic Diajqse o f Portland, foreground. With him is the Rev. David Cote, priest at Indian Island, andCMildted Akins, Penobscot, clearly a favorite with young children. Federal official said to favor revised claim WASHINGTON — A federal Interior Department lawyer has said he supports at least half of an enlarged proposal to s e ttle P e n obscot-P assam aq u odd y land claims in Maine. Leo Krulitz, a U.S. lawyer involved in Maine claims negotiations the past couple of years, stated that the Carter adminis tration supports four of eight aspects of a newly revised settlem ent package. The President reportedly would agree to set up of a $27 million trust fund for the two tribes; $10 million for purchase of 100,000 acres; another $10 million for buying up land over the next three years; plus $6 million in loans to start a sawmill However, Krulitz said he would oppose a special $16 million grant for economic development, unless applied for through regular channels. Nor would he favor $7.65 million to repair reservation schools. or a combined allocation of $2.5 million for road and bridge work. The revised settlem ent plan is som e what larger than in land and money than a proposal considered last year. Both the present and the previous plans exclude the state of Maine from any liability in the case. Nevertheless, Gov. Joseph Brennan called the latest plan “exhorbitant de mands. Last fall, the tribes considered a $27 million payment plus 100,000 acres, advocated by then Sen. William D. Hathaway of Maine. Hathaway’ successor, Sen. William S. s Cohen, was cautious about the proposal. “W e’ got to ge t the tribes and their ve attorney to put in written form exactly what they want.” The Penobscots and Passamaquoddies claim 12.5 million acres of northern Maine belongs to them by virtue of aboriginal possession. Niicmac tiddler plays to all BAR HARBOR— Lee Cremo, a Micmac fiddle champion who wrote Eskasoni Breakdown and dozens more tunes, hopes he has made it easier for Indian entertainers. “I think I broke the ice for some Micmac entertainers,” he said after a long stand at Pride of Maine Fair here, recently. Hid accompanist, Vincent Joe, 21, is a Micmac who proves the point. Joe plays bass guitar in his own country rock band, and plays piano with Cremo. Cremo, 40, is one of Canada’ finest s fiddlers. He plays Irish, Scottish, English and French tunes, as well as his native Micmac music. H e is comfortable with all kinds of music, and thoroughly enjoys the (Continued on page 13) �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Worthwhile pursuits Dear Indian Community: This m essage is an appeal to you to save and support Wabanaki Wilderness Pursuits, a program of Wabanaki Corporation in Orono. In this issue we publish a story about a trip down the Allagash waterway. Perhaps the words of participants, and the pictures, say more than we can say here. However, the plain facts are that Wilderness Pursuits is in trouble. The outdoor youth program is funded through the summer only. If it folds— and that’ what will happen if nothing changes— Indians will s have lost a fine opportunity for young persons to learn through experience. What do boys and girls learn in Wilderness Pursuits? Sometimes what they learn is not as tangible as how to repair a diesel engine, or how to balance an account book. Participants might learn how to balance a canoe through rapids, or repair a tent or build a good fire, but probably those things are less important in the long run. In the long run, Indian youth in Wilderness Pursuits may begin to understand themselves and each other. They learn cooperation, teamwork, and self-reliance. As each challenge is overcome, they gain confidence. They can climb that mountain. They can cook a meal for 1 . They can tackle some of the problems in life; maybe not alone, but 2 together. These are human values our schools often fail to instill in young people. We see many "achievers” in school. We see many dropouts. Even the achiever benefits from Wilderness Pursuits. He may learn there is more to life than a shining report card. In our opinion, an act of human kindness is worth a pile of report cards. Chances are, a youth who learns to trust in himself, will naturally do better in school, home and work. Wilderness Pursuits is not the only answer to many problems young people have, but it ’ a start. It s exposes them to themselves. In Wilderness Pursuits, there is no frying through drugs, alcohol, TV or radio. Even cigarettes are banned. One must be honest; one must confront one’ s-feelings, and the feelings of those around oneself. Today, there seems to be too many escapes. Too many chances not to be honest in relationships. Wilderness Pursuits is one place where dishonesty just w on’ work. t That applies to instructors, too. The trip leaders stand to gain as much as the youthful participants in WP courses. The director of WP, Nick Dow, says he has had a problem with recruiting Indian youth for his courses. In fact, he recently took a group of Boston area Indian youth on a trip. A number of Maine persons dropped out of that particular course. It was their loss, more than his. Wilderness Pursuits is a kind of education all too rare today. When it ends, the Indian community will be the poorer. Quotable Some tribal publications avoid issues. They print handouts from the tribal office, carry notices of local social events and meetings, report the scores of kids’ athletic events and fill the pages with other trivia. These publications have no problems with tribal officials. They can’ be killed. They are already dead. t An Indian newspaper should probably be edited by God. And He would get fired. _ Vince Lovett, Bureau of Indian Affairs staff, writing in an article published in this newspaper. Passamaquoddy basketmaking demonstration at Pride of Maine Fair, Bar Harbor. [Kathy Carreiro photo] A fair to rem em ber W e’ sorry for anyone who missed the “Pride of Maine” fair at re Bat* Harbor last month. The three day event included an honest tribute to Passamaquoddy skills and culture. A selected group of Indians presented various aspects of Indian lore, such as cooking, drums, basketry, language and herbal medicine. A special bonus was a Micmac fiddler and his piano accompanist. Throughout, the fair recognized Indian people and their way of life with respect and an attempt at understanding. Indians were only a part of the fair, but those who participated and demonstrated their skills were vital and interesting. The Indian presentations at the fair were clearly the result of long and thoughtful planning by College o f the Atlantic, which sponsored the one-time multi-cultural celebration with the aid of federal funds. Along with Franco-Americans, fishermen, musicians and others, Passamaquoddies contributed their share of entertainment and enlightenment. At least a dozen Indian persons attended the fair as visitors, rather than performers or exhibitors. Unfortunately, attendance at the entire fair was very light. This meant both low revenue for the sponsors, and the sad fact of few persons viewing a wonderful display of Maine life, past and present. Deserving special mention are Wayne Newell, Passamaquoddy linguist and health director; Joan and Martin Dana, cook and drum maker respectively; linguist David (Martin) Francis; bilingual director Robert Leavitt; Fred Tomah, medicine man; and Micmac musicians Lee Cremo and Vincent Joe. Also. Elizabeth and Dyke Sopiel, basket weaver and ash-pounder, respectively; and cook Blanche Socobasin. Pride of Maine was, to our knowledge, the first Maine fair to do justice to Indian traditional crafts and practices. There was dancing, ceremonial dress, legends. . .and who could resist muskrat stew? (It tastes great, honest.) The fair was flawed by poor attendance— and by the lack of Penobscot representation in the Indian booths and demonstrations. Certainly the Penobscots were and are today a visible part of M aine’ s heritage. Nevertheless, the fair qualifies as one of the finest we have seen. �Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 letters Wants answer Florence, Arizona To the editor: I’ pleased very much to be getting your m paper, which I love very much. And I now have the good fortune o f some money, so am sending a $5 money order for my continued receiving o f this paper. As you know I am a prisoner here in Arizona and there’ not much money to be s made here. I have written several letters in the past to different Indian and alcoholic services, and unfortunately got no answer. Yet, by your editorials, others get answers with less newsworthiness and importance than mine. I suppose most of the fault lies in the people I wrote. But why do they adver tise in your paper if they never answer their mail? Makes your paper look bad when they do that. Surely your paper does not advocate incompetence. Again I thank you for the paper. I like it very much. Have a good day and may the Great Spirit bless you all. George Slagger, Jr. Thanks to all Lancaster, Pa. To the editor: Thanks to all for the wonderful vacation I had in June and July at Peter Dana Point and Pleasant Point Reserves. I enjoyed the fiddleheads, moose and deer meat, picking sweet grass, beading, swim ming and meeting all my relatives and dear friends. Special thanks to my sisters, Mary Graham and Martha Malec, for letting me stay in their homes during my stay in Maine. Georgina C. Keller and Family Recipe offer Plymouth, Mass. To the editor: Thank you for your Wabanaki Alliance newspaper. Enclosed is a $2 check. You don’ say how much this newspaper is, so I t took a chance and sent $2. I have plenty of food recipes I would like to send to you. Some are books of recipes o f all kinds. Would you want them? Mary Campbell The favorite Southwest Harbor To the editor: I am now at the end o f my first year of subscription to the Wabanaki Alliance. It is my favorite of all the publications and newspapers that I read. Instead o f just telling you how beautiful a paper it is. I’ tell you it has enlightened my ll outlook on my people. I have begun to get involved in the ways of the people. Your paper helps so much because I have never lived on Indian Island but my Grandmother did. She is full-blooded Penobscot and my Father is half, but I never was subjected to my Indian heritage until I married a Penobscot a year ago. I had been searching my identity since I was about sixteen. I am still searching for proof o f Penobscot blood on paper because there are some records missing. I am optimistic about our future. More people are getting involved in preserving our culture, but we still have a long way to go. As long as we continue to remember that the land and our children must go hand in hand, we’ be all right. ll Please continue to send me the Wabanaki Alliance. It means more to me than just something to read. Tom M. Newman Petition to White House New York City To the editor: With this letter I would like to inform you on how we stand with our petition campaign. On June 5th, 1979 I was in the Office of the White House in Washington, D.C. where I delivered the first bunch o f signed petitions (total o f twenty thousand eight hundred signatures) also a letter to the President asking for the meeting, with a list of ihe traditional Native Americans that are willing to meet with the President. The proposal will now be submitted to all the various members in the White House and to President Carter. It looks like we have a good chance. The Office o f theWhite House will get back to me within 4 to 6 weeks with some resuits, and I hope with a date for the meeting. I was told that a convenient time for the White House will be in October 1979 due to the fact that the previous months are fully scheduled. This is a good time also for theTraditional People. In the meantime the campaign is going on because we need to make the petition stronger. So please stay with us, your continuing help is badly needed. I will keep you posted on our progress. You can call me collect; I will love to talk with you, exchange ideas and make some plans for the immediate future. Maria Debegnac Rage 3 Checking it out Santa Barbara, Ca. To the editor: I get to read your newsletter that you send to our Chief and I really enjoy it and think it’ one of the best Indian s newsletters today, and this is why I am sending you this evidence on this person from Greensburg, Indiana, that told your paper to “check it out,” in your July 1979 issue. In 1976 Joan Manning and Stewart Rodda had an organization at Westport, Indiana called American Indian Defense. Stewart Rodda at that time claimed to be Choctaw and Sioux, and Joan Manning stated she was Cherokee. Now they have m oved their organiza tion to Greensburg, Indiana and Joan Manning states she is still Cherokee, but now Stewart Rodda states he’ a s Chippewa and has never changed. What has happened to the Sioux he claimed to be in 1976? No harm meant, Stewart Rodda, just “checking it out” as you requested publicly. Red Eagle Steere Baptized family Hartford, Conn. To the editor: Please put my name on your mailing list. I have known members o f the Francis family for almost 25 years, and baptized about 1 1 o f them. Enclosed is a donation of $5.00. Rev. Thomas W. Shea A donation Tampa, Florida To the editor: Please enter my subscription to your Indian news magazine. My donation for $1.50 in check attached. Clara Pickett A voice for inmates Thomaston To the editor: I just finished reading the latest issue of Wabanaki Alliance and was very pleased with its contents. The letters to the editor which you published were very good. Hopefully these letters will reach the right people and they will respond to them. Post that paper We are finally getting the Indians together down here and could use some Perth, N.B. outside support. What we actually need for To the editor: support yet I don’ know, as we are just t I would like to subscribe to your Indian getting our minds together. We have a few paper, what are your yearly rates? Do let me vague ideas floating around but nothing hear from you real soon. really concrete yet. Anthony J. Saulis We do have a newsletter but we would need some financial assistance to get it started. We are going to call it the Sunrise Wabanaki Alliance Vol. 3, No. 8 August 1979 People. All we need is money for printing and distribution costs. We have some very gifted Indians in here and should have no Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, problem putting together a very good 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. newsletter. Our main goal is to reach the Native American Indians out there. We Steven Cartwright, Editor would like to let people know what we are up William O ’ Neal, Ass’L Editor against in here, what we are trying to do about it. and share some of our feelings with DIS Board of Directors other Indians. In a sense, we are asking for Indian Island Jean Chavaree [chairman] donations to get our first issue out and some Pleasant Point John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator help in distributing our newsletter to the Indian Township Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor Maine Indian population. Indian Island Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature I'm telling you about this because 1 think Indian Township Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Orono your newspaper would be able to help us get Jeannette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc. off the ground. 1 also know that you can Houlton Susan Desiderio, Assn, of Aroostook Indians reach the right people to help us get started. Houlton Maynard Polchies, President, Aroostook Indians We are trying to do something construc Mattawamkeag Melvin L. Vicaire, Central Maine Indian Assn. tive. while we are doing time. If further Pleasant Point Reuben C. Cleaves, Representative to State Legislature information is needed, please contact me. DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to There are only seven o f us to start this, but I this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. feel confident we can do the job and do it 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri well. butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Brian J. Attean RHONDA DAIGLE graduated from the University of Maine at Orono in May, with a degree in business administration. She is the daughter of Louis and Carolyn Daigle of Stillwater. Her grandparents, Louis and Doris [Sapiel] Daigle Sr., were formerly of Indian Island. Indian Island. Rhonda is employed as administrative secretary at Northeast Re gional Institute, Lincoln. Tracing ancestry Southbury, Ct. To the editor: I have been trying to trace my Indian ancestry, I understand the ancestry is on my father’s side. My name — Lorraine Mazzacane. Par ents — Fred Dwinells and Edna Joudrey. Grandparents — Andrew Dwinells and Mary Ann Hazeltine. Great-grandparents — William Hazeltine and Ann P. Young. Ann P. Young is supposedly full-blooded Indian and born in Montville, Maine. At present I have no dates, but I assume mid-1800’ s. Your address was given to me by Orlaine Hartmann o f the American Indians for Development, Inc., Meriden, Ct. Any information you can give me will be greatly appreciated. Lorraine Mazzacane Remarkable story Fayette To the editor: Your article on the tragic death o f David Tomer is one o f the most remarkable pieces of journalism I have read. The fact that you investigated the actions o f the Old Town police and solicited local opinion raises a serious point as regards journalistic bias. My congratulations. The beauty o f it is that it clearly illustrates the solidarity o f the Native American community and the frus trations they deal with daily in their relations with the political powers that be. I happen to be a white Anglo-Saxon-Celt who identifies with oppressed peoples, suspicious o f those who show a comfortable apathy as they deal with their daily lives. My hope is that one day people of the world will direct their energies towards the Evil Spirit, who influences the malevolent temporal rulers o f the world who would keep their subjects miserable in order to fulfill themselves, with the help of the Light of Lights. Keep up the good fight. Greg Boardman SU BSCRIBE T O WABANAKI ALLIANCE News o f Maine Indian Country �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 letters A first edition Indian art school Newark, N.J. To the editor: I am sending you a copy of the first edition of our newspaper. Please feel free to utilize any information you might need. Please put us on your mailing list so we can continue to communicate. Also could we have permission to utilize graphics or infor mation from your paper? Thank you. Keep in touch. Sarah Hines Editor Miracle Santa Fe, N.M. To the editor: We would like to call for your assistance again in disseminating information that is of utmost importance to many o f your readers. It is an attempt to clarify misinformation that has been flooding the media. Shortly after the beginning of the year a local Indian organization made application to contract the school as a local high school instad o f the national art-educational facility that we have/ been operating for the past sixteen years. It was deternined that IAIA would continue in its present format while sharing facilities with another Indian educa tion project. Unfortunately, the determina tion came at a very late date and in the midst of much miscommunication. Through error, on June 12th the Washington Office issued a news release indicating that we would not accept new students and would only <x>ntinue to serve those who were previously enrolled in the program. The release o f this information will have the most adverse effect on the educational program. We will continue to offer the full two-year program and it is imperative that prospective students are aware of this. The future of the school is in jeopardy if we are unable to spread the good news before the beginning o f the school year. We feel that this information will not only enable Indian youths in your area to take advantage o f the outstanding art education programs being offered, but will also be exciting news for Indian parents and art eductators in your area. Sincerely, Henry Gobin Institute o f American Indian Arts Black Hills alliance To the editor: We have received reports from the Wash ington Spot Light newspaper of the capital, that the President is a member o f the Inter national Trilateral Commission and that the Carter administration is pushing interna tional energy developing corporations, in stead of American energy corporations. The Sioux Indians o f the Black Hills Alliance, have contacted us and told us that this inter national trilateral commission had written up a full report on their Black Hills and the surrounding areas and designated them as a national sacrifice area for the nation’ s energy problem. This is outrageous, and is illegal, because even if it’ true that the President is a s member of the International Trilateral Commission, he or this international com mission cannot designate these Sioux-owned lands. The Carter Administration can only serve America and America’ national prob s lems according to our Constitution, and the U.S. Constitution does not give the Carter administration the authority to be in violation of the Fifth Amendment. The Carter administration cannot even designate these Sioux-owned Black Hills as any type or kind of a sacrifice: The Sioux have their Indian Treaties and the U.S. Constitution to uphold their owner ship. Also, the U.S. Claims Commission in 1974 further proved ownership of these Black Hills and it’ written forever more in s their case records, the U.S. Claims Com mission tried to give the Sioux 17 million dollars for compensation o f gold taken out of them a century ago. This settlement was refused and hung around until June 1979, when Chief Judge Daniel Friedman of the United States Court, upheld an award for this compensation o f 100 million dollars, and this judge stated that a Sioux and U.S. 'treaty of 1868 reserved certain lands in South Dakota including seven million acres in the Black Hills area, for the undisturbed and absolute use and occupation of the Sioux Indians. This is also further proof of the Sioux on their legal ownership of these Black Hills, besides their sovereignty in their treaties and also having been living on these lands from time unremembered. They need support against the planned uranium mining. These same energy corporations have contaminated the Indian reservation lands of Arizona and New Mexico, and radioactive tailings are laying right on top o f the earth. We have written our congressman Robert Lagermarsino and asked that he ask congress or some branch of the government to put radioactive materials in empty mine shafts and then take ten feet of earth off the ground where they were laying, and dump it also down some mine shaft and then cement it over. We are waiting for his answer to us on this. This would at least be better than having this stuff laying in small mountains upon the open reservation lands to be blown about in every breeze and to run all over in the rain or snow. The children are getting sick from it. Arthur Greywolf FOUNDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE — What is now just a hole in the ground, will soon be a new home at Indian Island, part of a large expansion program on the Island. Tribe g e t s con trol o f CETA (Continued from page 1 ) Pehrson said he felt the TGI action to remove him was improper since the meeting was called without his approval as president. He indicated that he did not regret the loss of the seat, because o f a busy schedule, and probably would not fight it. He said he would continue to be a member o f TGI. “I can work with any one of them down there on a one to one basis, or as a group,” he maintained. Ranco offered several reasons for the Penobscot prime sponsorship. “Because most everyone is back (on the reservation, 'ther than distributed throughout the ‘ e), we feel we can control our own Gerard eyes BIA role in tribal politics WASHINGTON— Interior Assistant Sec retary Forrest Gerard has been mulling the role o f Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in tribal politics. Gerard cited the Supreme Court’s Mar tinez decision, denying federal courts au thority to interfere in alleged civil rights violations by tribal governments and Con gress’ denying BIA that authority. He added, “Too often, tribal governments and their existing institutions are not yet really adequate to ensure the relief that the Supreme Court assumed existed. The result has been a partial void in the checks and balances of the governmental process.” According to a BIA press release, Gerard further said that “on several occasions recently, violence had been attributable to the inability o f the tribal government to peacefully and expeditiously resolve these internal matters.” Passamaquoddy in Hartford exhibit HARTFORD, Ct.— Elizabeth Sopiel, 69, a Passamaquoddy from Indian Township, .will display her basketry skills at the University o f Hartford, Aug. 8 to Sept. 12. The exhibit is called Eastern American Indian Basketry, “a continuing tradition.” The show is sponsored by Hartford Art School, a division o f the university. Circle hires new editor BOSTON— A Turtle Mountain Chippewa Indian has been hired to edit The Circle, publication o f the Boston Indian Council. She is Louise Erdrich, a graduate ofDartmouth College who began work in July. Assisting her is Ed Gaffney. The newspaper was previously edited by Jack Hayes. Planning figures released from Washing ton show that TG I’ CETA allocation may s be less than half the preceding year, with cuts as much as two-thirds in Titles II and VI. An official at the national CETA office in Washington cautioned that planning figures are “mythical” and are mere projec tions for planning budgets. No definite figures could be known until the CETA bill clears Congress, he said. The allocations could be higher, he added. Planning figures reveal that the Penob scot CETA program is projected to receive $83,346. Ranco estimated, if the Penobscots had remained under TGI, they would have received around $64,000. TGI, which has the second oldest CETA sponsorship in the state, has been tentatively allocated $234,572. Ranco predicted that administrative over head would be lower with the new prime sponsorship, particularly if CETA can be linked with Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA) programs. He predicted that the structure would be similar to TG I’ CETA program, but with a s heavier emphasis on career development than T G I’ which he characterized as s, emphasizing administration. BIA educators m eet Michael Ranco programs. Inter-tribal programs served the purpose o f getting funds. We don’ have to t join forces anymore,” he said. He said at least one off-reservation group, Central Maine Indian Association (CMIA), would be able to use the Indian Island CETA program for Penobscot County residents, but the details had not been worked out. Although a recent cut in CETA appro priations by Congress, threatened to force the*Penobscots back into the TGI CETA program, the cuts occurred predominately in areas not relied on by the Penobscots, Ranco said, adding that the cuts would probably affect TG I much more. TGI Manpower director Allen Sockabasin said he could not comment until “I see something in black and white.” According to Ranco, the Penobscots will receive more money as independent CETA sponsors, than under the TGI umbrella. WASHINGTON— Bureau o f Indian Af fairs education administrators nationwide met August 7-9 in Duluth, Minn., to discuss new federal laws affecting Indian education programs, BIA director o f Indian Education programs, Earl Barlow said. Barlow said that major changes in Indian education programs will be introduced in the 1979-80 school year through the implementation o f the Education Amend ments Act o f 1978 (P.L. 95-561). He said that the Bureau’s education programs were also being affected by legislation on the education of the handicapped (P.L. 94-142) and the Indian Tribally Controlled Com munity College Act (P.L. 95-471). The three-day program consisted of workshops and presentations on the regula tions and implementation procedures for these Acts and discussions o f other matters pertaining to Indian education programs, Barlow said that the sessions were important “because the administrators are the individuals responsible for making the programs work at the local level— in classrooms where children come to learn.” He said that the administrators would be bringing information from the meeting back to their teachers, dormitory supervisors, school boards and other persons involved in the education o f Indian students. �Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Page 5 Making tribal sovereignty a reality By Richard V. LaCourse “looking at the country and the right wing swing and the backlash movement in Indian affairs.” He could not look at the anti-Indian backlash in isolation from these conservative economics, including those espoused by the people to whom President Carter was listening. “The trends seemed to be away from Created in June 1977, it operates as a those things done in America since the Youth Project field arm. Project coordin New Deal,” he continued. “Instead, now s ator is Daniel Bomberry, a Cayuga-Salish it’ tax incentives being given to corpor Indian born in British Columbia who holds ations. Indian budgets are the ones most likely to be attacked. I was concerned a master’ degree in political science and s economics. Since 1977, TSP has funded 20 with what it all meant for tribal survival.” H e was also looking at the environ American Indian projects in 10 states, provided technical assistance to them, and mental crisis and the potential for some path through it coming from Indian people begun publication of a newsletter. Native Self-sufficiency, which reaches over 800 as the potential leadership in the tribes, Indian organizations and indivi environmental movement. “All these crises are close in our lifetimes and those duals. of our children,” he believes. Of its genesis, Bomberry stated it was It all came together for Bomberry when established by the Youth Project following he read John Mohawk’ essay. The s a period when he withdrew from social Sovereignty We Seek Can Be Real. activism as director of the Native Mohawk is editor of Akwesasne Notes, American Studies Program at California one of the nation’ largest American s State College in Sonoma where he taught Indian newspapers published on the and also studied historic California Indian Mohawk Nation land at Roosevelton, N.Y. land claims. By 1977, he had pondered a with many international subscribers. building political, economic, and environ In early 1977, Bomberry proposed his mental crisis which was deeply affecting plan to the Youth Project and it was American Indian tribes. “Maybe it’ s accepted for action. “The Youth Project,” necessary for a number of people to he stated, “was willing to take a chance, it withdraw for a while and recollect,” he is a reputable group, and its support made said. it easier for us to establish our credi “A lot stemmed from my frustrations in bility.” working in Indian affairs,” Bomberry Policy-making authority for T SP’ s explained. “I was amazed by the contin activities is held by six Indian board uous talking about concepts and what we mem bers— five men and a woman (see needed to do— with little actually being box)— to whom the Youth Project has done. I was interested in seeing people given powers outside its umbrella. In its and Indian country going out and actually first two-year period, TSP has received doing things.” funds from widely varying sources “Behind it was a political and economic including the Norman Foundation, the critique of my own,” stated Bomberry, Field and Shalan Foundations, the Akbar GUERNEVILLE, Ca.— The Native American Tribal Sovereignty Program (TSP), is an arm of the Youth Project. It is a unique public foundation designed to weigh and meet the needs of approved American Indian projects. Fund, the Eastman Fund, and several individual donors. TSP recently received 13 VISTA volunteers through an ACTION grant to the Youth Project who are assigned to work with TSP Indian projects in four states. The Policy Board has established the following Indian “sovereignty-enhancing” project areas as funding priorities: Land and natural resource Jssues. These include efforts to reclaim and live on aboriginal tribal lands and to protect them and natural resources from incur sions on tribal water rights and spoilation by destructive energy development: Redevelopment o f self-reliant tribal economies. This is addressed through creation of traditional and innovative means for food production, use of appropriate technologies to m eet those goals such as solar greenhouses and wind-powered energy, and to explore methods for alternate energy uses; Restoration o f traditional tribal govern mental forms. This includes revival of traditional indigenous forms of Indian community political organizations, as well as modifications of existing tribal govern ments along traditional lines rather than “government by Bureau of Indian Affairsdominated tribal councils.” TSP began publication in June 1978 of its bimonthly newsletter. Native SelfSufficiency, to provide information on old and new technologies, alternative energy resources, gardening, small-scale farm ing, health, cooperatives, and alternative housing. It is available from TSP by writing Editor, Native Self Sufficiency, P.O. Box 1044, Guerneville, CA 95466. Subscription is $6 per year for individuals, $15 for organizations. By early spring of 1979, T SP had targeted and funded 20 projects of which 15 are clear successes. “W e don’ maintain t a strict checklist of things to which a project must comply," said Bomberry. “It’ largely the results of field visits by s m yself or a policy board member.” Bomberry said nearly 50 such on-site visits w ere made in TSP's first 18 months. “Our funding is very small. W e fund for three months at a time. W e work out time-phased objectives (with grantees) and review each phase after that time. We also do joint checking accounts with the projects under contracts which spell out agreements, limitations, and performance checks. We require monthly reports.” T SP provides m odest seed funds to selected Indian projects and amplifies it with additional funds by providing access to other foundations using the expertise of the Youth Project, as well as to churches, corporations, private donors and the federal government. “Our role with the federal government is pretty limited,” said Bomberry. “M ost of the Indian groups around the nation are on top of the federal funding picture.” Am ong TSP’ approved projects are: s D IS S E M IN A T IO N OF IN F O R M A TION: A regular news feature on applied technologies is now carried by AKW ESASNE NOTES, one of the nation’ s only tw o national Indian newspapers (the other being W ASSAJA in San Francisco, California). Based on the Mohawk Nation lands in New York, NOTES is also working with the Federation of Survival Schools (FSS) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to prepare A Survival School Survival Book by students and staff on traditional lifeways and modern adaptations for Indian youth. The Federation has 14 m em ber schools. In Oakland, California, the Center for Investigative Reporting conducted a journalistic investigation of the Interstate Congress for Equal Rights (Continued on page 14) Tribal im m unity (Continued from page 1 ) o f Indian persons. The court responded that tribal status was not the issue, because Bottomly clearly recognized Passamaquoddies as a tribe in his suit, and in business dealings. “While appellant could have sued the tribe as an entity and its members as individuals, thus having it both ways, he did not do so,’’the court opinion said. The court opinion supports an earlier district court decision to dismiss the Bottomly suit for “want o f jurisdiction.” Bottomly had originally sued the U.S., State o f Maine, and even Bottomly’ co-counsel, s Gellers, but all these actions were dismissed on grounds of sovereign immunity, the 11th Amendment and “failure to complete service o f process.” Only the suit against the tribe was appealed, resulting in the appeals court opinion. “ We conclude,” the opinion said, “as did the court below, that appellant clearly brought suit against the tribe as an entity, and not as a collection of individuals. The Passamaquoddy Indians’ tribal status is therefore to be assumed for purposes of deciding the issue squarely raised by this suit: whether this particular tribe enjoys protection from suit by virtue of sovereign immunity.” The state declared the doctrine of sovereign immunity did not apply to Passamaquoddies, who are “merely rem nants or fragments o f once independent tribes.” But the court disagreed. Calling the state’ arguments “unpersuasive,” the ap s peals court said the state and Bottomly “fundamentally misconceive basic princi ples o f federal Indian law.” The court said Indians need not be granted explicit federal recognition and sovereign immunity, but rather, “The powers o f Indian tribes are inherent powers o f a limited sovereignty which has never [been] extinguished.” The court continued, “Our cases recog nize that the Indian tribes have not given up their full sovereignty.. .the sovereignty that the Indian tribes retain is o f a unique and limited character.” At any time, Congress could remove tribal rights, but until Congress so acts, those rights are retained by Indians, the court said. It is clear that Congress has taken no action to deprive the Passamaquoddy Indians of their inherent immunity from suit,” the court stated, adding that erosion o f time and a history o f neglect by Congress did not constitute divestiture o f tribal sovereignty. Finally, the court opinion concludes, the previous dismissal o f the Bottomly case was justified in light of the tribe’ immunity s from suit, and the Passamaquoddy tribe is The White Hoase hosted a special meeting this month of Maine Indian leaders and the Maine congressional delegation, along with federal officials, to discuss Penobscot-Passaclearly entitled to sovereign immunity. maquoddy land claims. From left, are U.S. Interior Department Solictor Leo Krulitz, Interior Secretary Cecil D. Andrus, Sen. Edmund S. Muskie, Presidential Advisor Robert Lipshutz, Rep. David F. Emery, Sen. William S. Cohen, and Rep. Olympia J. Snowe. In foreground, from left, are Passamaquoddy tribal Governors Harold Lewey and Robert Newell; tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, Penobscot Gov. Wilfred Pehrson. [Photo by Allen J. Sockabasin] w Off-reservation potluck planned ORONO— Central Maine Indian As sociation (CMIA) mem bers and friends are invited to join a potluck supper, and regular board meeting, Thursday, Sept. 13, at Indian Resource Center, 95 Maine S t, Orono. The supper is set to begin at 5 p.m., and people are urged to bring a food of thenchoice. Children are welcome, according to Marta Conlin, CMIA outreach worker. If anyone has a transportation problem, call Marta at 866-5587. The current president of CMIA is Donna Loring. Township has education aide INDIAN TOWNSHIP— Stephen Newell, 26, a Passamaquoddy, has replaced Samuel Dana as director o f education and economic development for the tribe. Newell told Wabanaki Alliance he will work closely with education guidance counselor Joseph Stewart, at the Township. Newell and his wife reside in Nasonville, with their two children, Steve, three, and Jason, seven. Jason will attend school in Princeton, rather than Indian Township elementary school, his father said. The elder Newell said he prefers the non-Indian school for his son. Newell obtained a high school equivalency diploma, and attended Bangor Community College. His predecessor, Dana, is attending the University o f Maine at Orono. �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 G o v ern o r sig n s pardon fo r Indian se e k in g job By Bill O ’ Neal AUGUSTA— John Dana looks the same this month as he did last, but he s feeling much better. Because o f a shooting incident five years ago and a resulting assault conviction, many elected offices, jobs, and other privileges of citizenship were until last month out of Dana’ reach. s Although he served his time (he was released after 45 days because o f good behavior), and has a wife and family and a steady job, the stigma of that rash moment years earlier continued to affect his life. With the signing o f a pardon by Maine Gov. Joseph E. Brennan in late July, Dana has become a full member o f society again and at last has been allowed to forget the mistake he made. It took two meetings with the Governor’ s pardon and commutation committee, plus a fretful 10 day wait before the pardon was granted. At his first meeting, a nervous Dana arrived at the state house an hour and one half early after a 200-mile drive, only to be told he had failed to advertise his pardon request in area newspapers and, therefore, could not be granted a hearing. His second hearing went .more smoothly, with many of his friends and family coming to speak in his behalf. Albert Dana, his father, said he had seen John change a lot since the shooting incident. “Those things happen. Youngsters don’ realize how t serious it is. Since he’s been out, he s improved a great deal.” Dana said he was motivated to seek the pardon out of a desire to serve on the Pleasant Point tribal police force. To do that he needed a clean record. Ironically, he said his interest in police work developed from his associations with the police during his jail sentence. According to David Redmond, chairman of the pardon committee, decisions are based on consideration of the petitioner’ s conduct since release, the gravity o f the crime, community sentiment, and testimony o f people at the pardon hearings. He said pardons are granted to approximately one out o f every four petitioners. It looks as though the committee made the right decision in Dana’ case. When s asked what he did to celebrate when he heard of his pardon, he replied, “Nothing, I just went to work as usual,” at Young Adult Conservation Corps. 1980 census to tally Maine Indians O R O N O — Officials o f the U.S. Bureau of the Census hope to be more accurate in 1980 than they were in 1970, when Maine s Indian population was estimated at about 400 persons. Actually, the figure is probably closer to 4,000, so perhaps a zero was dropped. A preliminary explanation of the census taking was given by Richard Chin Ning, a New England area census specialist, who met recently with Central Maine Indian Association director Melvin L. Vicaire. Ning said "Maine is my responsibility,” and that Indians are one o f four minority “target groups” of the 1980 census. We want to get in touch with local community leaders to solicit their help in the census. If a local community leader says the census is important, and we need the statistics... then people will support it,” Ning said. Ning hopes to “ alleviate some fears ab^ut the census.” He said people frequently refuse to answer questions from fear of the Internal Revenue Service, or because of some previous difficulty with the law. There is no need to fear the census or any consequences o f it, and confidientiality will be respected. Ning told Vicaire. Richard Ning "An organization such as CMIA (Central Maine Indian Association) uses census statistics to document needs,” Ning pointed out. Many federal agencies, such as health and housing, rely on such statistics in awarding grants and other monies. Ning, one o f eight regional community service specialists, said $50 billion annually is appropriated on the basis of census figures. The cost o f conducting the 1980 census will be about $1 billion, he said. That figure is four times the cost o f the 1970 census. Official “census day” is April 1 1980. , The bureau will attempt to count all persons across the U.S., plus all housing units. It’ s estimated there are 222 million people in 86 million units of housing. The census is expected to be completed nine months after census day. A national temporary work force o f 280,000 persons will be hired to take and tabulate census data. In Maine, Ning explained, some Indians will be treated separately from the general population. "People on reservations are asked to fill out the initial form, but hold it till the census taker comes by.” Off-reserva tion Indians will receive forms in the same manner as non-Indians. Ning said reservation Indians will either receive a “short form” plus a supplemental form, or a "long form” only. The short form consists of 19 questions; the long form has 67 questions. In larger communities, many forms will be mailed out, and recipients will be asked to mail in completed forms. However, Maine is “very rural, and some how it’ more effective to do the census s conventionally (with a door-to-door census taker),” Ning said.' Don’ throw it away t “We really have to get the word out to our people to fill out the form. Don’ throw it in t the can,” said Vicaire, echoing Ning’ s statement that statistics are needed to justify needs and thereby receive funds from federal agencies. Vincaire said census figures are "vital now, especially because of the coming of BIA services to Maine Indians.. .we’ got ve a lot of work to do in getting the word out. because we have very little leverage to work with.” CMlA’s Micmac and Maliseet Indian Indian membership is not eligible for BIA funds or services in Maine. Vicaire said that nationally, 60 percent of Indian people live off reservation, but here in Maine it’s more like 75 percent.” He warned that if off-reservation Indians are missed in the census, they stand to lose various benefits plus their official identity as Aroostook News By Brenda Polchies Area Correspondent ARIBOU— I want to apologize to the f at the Association o f Aroostook ians in Caribou for neglecting to inform public o f the day camp coming out of t location on Water Street. A schedule is ig maintained similar to the day camp at niton. ieventeen children between the ages of =e and seven are being served with varied r camp activities such as visiting sites of ;rest, indoor activities are featured and a lunch is provided. The sessions will be three days a week, Tuesday, Wednesday. J Thursday, from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. This np will also continue until the second ek in August. Counselors from Caribou d Houlton working with the Indian ildren are Joannie Spitzer, Eugene Saunrs. Cheryl Martin, Paula Doak. Barbara hillinger, Mary London, Tracy Trecartin, d Sally Joseph. HOULTON— On June 23, a delegation >m the Association of Aroostook Indians at Houlton and the Citizens for Youth attended a hearing before the Maine Criminal Justice Planning and Assistance Agency at Augusta. Maine, to testify in favor o f a joint project which has been submitted by the two groups for funding. A favorable confirmation has been received from that agency by the group had to appear before the full board which met on July 31, where a final decision was confirmed. SINCLAIR— Sunday August 5. Family Day activities were held at Kamp Karawq^ nee. Mud Lake, with family, friends. ar*d campers in attendence and enjoying an eas* going all day affair o f swimming, Indian dancing, games, and canoeing. Bob Bryan of the Quebec-Labrador Mission Founda tion provided a plane ride and showed a film of the two sessions of the Maine Indian Summer Camp. Bryan informed the guests and campers that this film will be presented on the Educational TV network in Maine, sometime in February 1980. Crafts done by Indian children were on display in the main lodge, and food was served at noon. MANY RETURNS — That was the happy wish for William and Celina Newell, married 58 years as of Aug. 22. The couple was presented with a special cake, and piano serenade by Marylou Paul, at a senior citizens luncheon at Indian Island. Celina received a new ring from her husband. She was especially fond of the “ sweetheart roses” in a bouquet. The Newells were married in 1921, at SL James Methodist Church in Montreal. Celina said the new ring is supposed to be “good for 58 years more.” �Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Page 7 The trials of a tribal newspaper COMMENTARY By Vince Lovett The Navajo Times is hardly a typical tribal newspaper. A 40-page tab weekly with its own printing facility, an annual budget of almost $500,000, serving the largest Indian tribe is vastly different from the mimeo graphed newsletters o f some groups or the other smaller, less frequently published papers of other tribes. Nonetheless, the recently published story about the Navajo Times done in its special issue about the press on and around the reservation describes problems and criti cisms that would fit most tribal papers. Though there are great differences in the style and quality o f Indian publications and varied situations from reservation to reser vation, there are at least three common problems for Indian editors and staffs: • Indian newspapers are dependent on tribal chairmen and tribal governing bodies for essential financial support; • Indian newspapers are poor; • There are not enough trained, capable Indian journalists. Dependence on tribal officials If Richard Nixon had been owner and publisher o f the Washington Post, the burglary o f the Democrats’ Watergate campaign headquarters might have re mained forever an unimportant, third-rate crime story. The founding editor o f the first Indian newspaper— the Cherokee Phoenix begun 150 years ago— had problems with tribal officials. When Cherokee Editor Elias Boudinot editorialized that the tribe should consider migration to new land to get away from the surrounding settlers, the Principal Chief of the Cherokees, who was against migration, ousted him from his job. Unfortunately, this was not the end of Editor Boudinot's trouples. Some years later in Oklahoma, he was murdered by a group o f young Cherokees who were bitter over the removal to O k lahom a— and som ehow blamed him because he had suggested that migration might be considered. Editors still get fired— but rarely mur dered today. Papers, however, may be killed. Columnist Mike Royko. one o f the stars o f the recently deceased Chicago Daily News, said that paper was killed by too much courage. He said the paper’ early, consist s ent and strong promotion o f racial justice cost it— especially in the budding years of the black movement— a loss o f readers from which it could never recover. Trying to report the news about the tribal government is difficult when that govern ment provides the funds to pay the printer and his editor’ salary. Editorializing about s tribal government matters is even harder. borne tribal publications avoid issues. They print handouts from the tribal office, carry notices of local social events and meetings, report the scores o f kids’ athletic events and fill the pages with other trivia. These publications have no problems with tribal officials. They can’ be killed. They t are already dead. An Indian Newspaper should be edited by God. And He would probably get fired. To be good, a newspaper has to deal with issues, with problems and needs in the community. It should be an advocate of community causes; it should be a scold and a critic, a preacher and a 'cheerleader. It should help the community be better informed, more involved and alive. It has to be a paper for the people— which means it is not a house organ, a propaganda mill for the tribal council. How, then, does the editor o f an Indian paper handle this bomb ticking away in his office waiting to go off the first time he publishes someting the tribal chairman doesn’ like? t Gingerly. Somewhere between a crusader GETTING INTO THEIR W ORK — These Youth Conservation Corps [YCC] workers have their hands filled harvesting the beans from the Indian Island community garden. Pictured I to r are Victor Wood, Rachel Sockbeson, Lynn LaPointe, and Tina Sullivan. According to team leader, Eva Love, last year the garden was vandalized, so no time is wasted in bringing in the crops. All produce is given to the elders of the tribe. SfA official named temporary director WASHINGTON— BIA chief Forrest Ger ard has appointed Sidney L. Mills, Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ Albuquer que Area, as acting deputy commissioner of Indian Affairs. In this job Mills will direct day-to-day B1A operations, until a permanent commis sioner is named. Mills replaces Martin E. Seneca, who has been the acting BIA head since October, 1978. Seneca has announced his intention to resign from the Bureau as o f September 30. He returned to his former position as director o f trust responsibilities July 30. Gerard said that he asked Mills to assume the duties as Acting Deputy Commissioner prior to Seneca’ resignation “in order to s effect an orderly transition.” He expressed appreciation to both Seneca and Mills “for their extra measure o f performance.” Mills, an enrolled member o f the Oglala Sioux Tribe, was assistant to the commis sioner o f Indian Affairs prior to his appointment in Albuquerque in March 1978. A Navy veteran. Mills, 54, entered Federal service in. 1973 in the Aberdeen, South Dakota Area Office. He was supply and contract officer and, for almost a year, acting deputy area director before transfer ring to Washington, D.C., in August 1975. and a coward there is a good place for an editor. There are a few things that can be done to ameliorate this inherently difficult situation. Editors should pray for humility, courage, and a deep love o f truth. They should try to develop in the community and among tribal officials an understanding and appreciation o f the role o f a community newspaper. Most tribal officials, it should be noted, are good people who genuinely care about the well-being o f the community. Conse quently, if they see the paper— though it stirs discussion and even criticism o f the govement— as a community asset, they may support it. Intelligent support from the people is pure gold. It usually takes some years to establish a tradition o f good joumalsim in a community. Once there, it is beautiful. Then people can disagree vehemently with the newspaper and still understand that it is doing its job. Then tribal officials need to respect the paper. Try to go beyond the middle of the road. There is frequently a tendency in situations o f this kind to exaggerate the lack of tolerance among officials. Editors impose restraints on themselves which are more severe than they need be. There is no need to seek early martyrdom, but there isn’ much t point in continuing to breathe if you can’ t live a little. Poverty of Indian Newspapers Poverty is not the worst affliction for a newspaper. As William Allen White's Emporia Gazette demonstrated, a newspa per can be poor, small and very good. And there are many atrocious wealthy papers. Some limitations caused by lack o f money can also be blessings. The need to use editorial/news space economically can lead to good, tight editing and selection o f news. Lack o f space usually means competition between local and national news— otherwise known as the “battle o f the relevant versus the significant.” The loss o f timeliness, when you can afford to publish only monthly or bi-weekly, is a hard problem. It is worse when slow mechanical processes cause a several-day lag between editing and publishing. Then you have to write or select material that will “ keep.” If you can’ be first, you have to t seek other qualities. Because they are poor, Indian newspapers need to spend the money they have wisely— trying to be a good “poor” paper. Function must be emphasized. A clean, attractive-looking product— which expen sive equipment can make possible— is certainly desirable, but the news/editorial content is what makes or breaks the paper. Spend the money on content. Cooperative efforts should be helpful. What one newspaper could not afford, maybe five or 10 or 40 could. The American Indian Press Assn. (AIPA) News Service died in 1975 in part because the Indian newspapers did not support it financially. Efforts toward reestablishing Indian press organizations and pooling resources need to be promoted. Small numbers of Indian journalists When a person takes certain courses in college and then goes through medical school, he comes out a doctor. Change the courses and routine somewhat, and people come out engineers or accountants or lawyers. Go through journalism school, though, and you come out someone-who-studiedjournalism. No one really knows what a journalist is— or how one is created. Brendan Gill, in his chronicle “ Here at the New Yorker,” described the people who staffed that famous magazine as “congeni tal unemployables.” They were immensely talented people who would have found it difficult to fit their talents into most other job situations. There is, clearly, a craft to be learned for would-be Indian journalists— either in school or on the job. Newspapers are not literature. But reporting an event, telling someone what happened demands skillful writing. It also requires perceptive “seeing and hearing” and the understanding to separate wheat from chaff. Many o f the best newspapermen have not been journalism grads. A lot o f them never made it through college. There are more Indians receiveing formal education and training, and this will help them to more easily move into newspaper work. Indian tribes and people are becom ing more aware o f the importance of communication and the media. In time, consequently, the shortage of Indian jour nalists should be ended. For immediate needs, the best tool for promoting training seminars arrd otherwise dealing with the problems would be an effective Indian press organization. EDITOR'S NOTE: Vincent J. Lovett is an information specialist since 1974 with the public Information Office o f the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in Washington. D.C. He has also represented the BlA’ informa s tion functions at gatherings o f Indian journalists— and knows firsthand whereof he writes in this analytical essay written for Red Current. From 1971 to 1974 he worked at the top levels o f the BIA Education Division, and during this time he won a top award in 1973 from the Federal Editors’ Assn, for his publication on Indian educa tion. He has served in the Peace Corps, and worked in the field of the Catholic press. He was co-founder of the National Catholic Reporter and editor o f a diocesan newspa per in Kansas City, Mo. Congress asked to fund native cures WASHINGTON— The American Indian medicine man is making a comeback and should be given equal status with doctors in Indian Health Service Hospitals, Congress was told by John Powless, Deputy Director o f the National Indian Health Board, He made the recommendation, in testi mony before the Senate Indian Affairs Committee. The panel, chaired by Sen. John Melcher. D-Mont.. is holding hearings on the Indian Helath Service and Indian health problems in general. Powless said what he called "Traditional Medicine” has been largely ignored by the service in trying to meet Indian health needs. “ However, it has never been put aside by the Indian people.” Dr. Everett Rhoades, a Professor of Medicine at the University o f Oklahoma, testified the “major deficiencies” of the Health Service would be “readily correctable with adequate funding.” Rhoades, a Kiowa Indian, warned against taking-Indian criticism o f the service too seriously. He said "kicking” both the Health Service and the Bureau o f Indian Affairs “sometimes reaches the level o f sport by certain Indian people and groups.” "None o f them really want an abolition o f either of these organizations,” he said. Rhoades also recommended against giving tribes control o f health programs, saying, “Indian bureau crats are just as insensitive to patient needs as are non-Indian ones.” Business loans topic of workshop HOULTON— Indians interested in apply ing for federal Small Business Administra tion (SBA) loans are urged to contact a state Indian Affairs department official. Russell Socoby, director of the state Indian office in Houlton, said he wants to schedule a regular workshop next month (September) for all interested groups or individuals. The meeting will probably take place at Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono. Socoby said any kind o f business venture may be eligible for SBA aid. Socoby may be contacted by calling 532-6577. An official o f the SBA will attend the workshop, he said. �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Six days down the Allagash River By Steve Cartwright ALLAGASH WILDERNESS — Some times we paddled in silence. Not really silence, because the birds, trees, and wind and waves were a constant chorus, but we ourselves were quiet. After miles o f paddling lakes and rivers, one no longer exclaims over details. On the Allagash, things have their place and purpose, and the canoeist can find a oneness with himself, the river and his com panions. We were 12 canoes, 1 men and 1 boys, and we spent six days paddling some 90 miles. We were 10 Indians and one non-Indian, me. We were o f course all very different people, and we maintained some o f those differences throughout our camping experi ence. But some of the differences dis appeared in the chemistry o f a group sharing its needs, wants and rewards. A moment arrived, a couple o f days into the trip, that I will probably never forget. We had constructed a sweat lodge out o f saplings and a tarp, plus cedar boughs to sit on. A pit had been dug for hot stones, and darkness had come. The traditional cere mony had begun. At a certain point, persons seated in a close circle said what mattered to them. One member o f our group said he was at first concerned about my presence, being non-Indian. I was shaken. What would he say next? Then he said he felt comfortable, because we shared in the spirit o f the sweat lodge and what it represents. Hearing this, I felt the warmth o f a circle, o f nature and her world through which we were traveling. Let me reassure the reader that I in no way fancied myself “playing Indian.” Instead. I seemed to see myself better; to be more direct and honest with myself and with others. We are what we are. What we are is strong and good, if we will allow these qualities to guide us. My observations are personal, but I think they apply to the philosophy of Wilderness Pursuits. This was not just an ordinary outing. We were six adults and five young Everybody on the trip had a part in planning. At this mealtime discussion, Nick Dow, left, gestures, while Barry Nelson, right, and others, hold council. Perfect place for a snooze. people (we had planned for more boys, but they dropped out before we started). Wild erness Pursuits runs courses for Indian youth that are designed to both encourage and challenge boys and girls to face their lives and problems and “take it on,” as some WP leaders say. It works. Wilderness Pursuits take young persons away from alcohol, drugs, television (the plug-in drug) and many other influ ences. Even cigarettes are forbidden for staff and enrollees alike. Paddling a canoe provides an ideal example o f the WP lesson: One has to coor dinate one’ stroke with fellow paddler, s ’make joint decisions, rely on that other ^person, use wits and skill, and overcome such formidable opponents as Chase Rapids — five miles o f rough water. Actually, what 'you or I might have to overcome is fear, doubt or anger. Learning how to deal with feelings in real situations is a vital part of WP. Not all o f the trip consists o f heavy encounters and overcoming obstacles real or imagined. There was the frisbee toss over open water, where one o f us, I don’ t remember who, gracefully jumped and caught the frisbee, but the canoe was not under him as he “landed.” The swimming was great. Our mid-July cruise down the Allagash was so hot and sometimes muggy that we would often plunge from our canoes, then clamber back in. There was a running battle over which team prepared the best meal. And the worst. We ate well, although I have an aversion to freeze-dried stuff. The coffee would curl your toenails. One memorable evening I sat alone by the canoes pulled up near our camp, and listened while an instructor drummed Indian music on a Dunkin' Donuts plastic bucket, and another man danced. Both sang. Later we watched a lightning storm, the bolts seeming very close to us, electrify ing the night sky. We paddled with the same partner the entire distance o f the trip, except for Nick Dow, WP director, who paddled his own canoe, solo, often standing up. The canoe crews o f two seemed to merge in group activities and at camp, but the two Passamaquoddy boys stayed apart. I joined them at their request, sleeping in their tent. (Continued on next page) �Six days... Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Page 9 (Continued from preceding page) Still, perhaps we needed more time to bring all of us together in trusting relationships. I kept few notes on this trip; a combina tion o f being lazy and busy with the chores o f camping and canoeing. I did write down that we saw at close range: moose, a large owl, squirrels, two immense bullfrogs, several hawks, gulls, songbirds, loons (they laughed and laughed, and invariably ans wered our imitations), a trout, chubs, snakes and deer. I know I left something out. Was I tired? Yes, but I kept quiet about it. I got blisters on my hands from the paddle, but I kept paddling. Later the blisters became calluses, o f which I was proud. My backside got sore too, and I wrapped lifejacket and sleeping bag around the canoe seat. I certainly didn’ suffer, and t the exercise was good for me. I confess to envy for the Passamaqouddy lads. They could paddle circles around me, with me paddling as if my life depended on it. As far as I could tell, they weren’ even t sweating. I will recommend that these fellows paddle UP the Allagash next time. The fishing was lousy, although our director fished a rod and reel from the river. The weather was splendid sunshine, with a couple of evening drizzles that failed to dampen spirits. The mosquitos were seldom thick. After several days and nights, I began to feel there was no finer way to travel than by canoe, and no finer destination than the next campsite, and no finer company than Louis, Sapa, Mark, Kirk, Jim, Andrew, Pat, Barry, Everett and Nick. The trip ended, yet something intangible stays with us. Andrew Sockbeson, bow, and Barry Nelson run rapids. In their words continued... called, converse freely in Passama quoddy. Sapa is the son of Alice Lola, and was on his second W ilderness Pursuits trip. His first, to Katahdin, he didn’ like. t (“I like this one,” he said.) He has two brothers and five sisters. Sapa is reserved about his feelings, but intimated he takes pleasure in getting to know new people, and he “likes to paddle around.” Actually, Sapa and Louis w ere inseperable on the trip, and seemed to feel those not of their tribe and community were This locomotive used to haul wood between Umbazooksus and Eagle Lakes, along with a outsiders to be approached cautiously. sister engine. The massive relics of the timber industry are abandoned near Eagle Lake. Sapa said his favorite activities include Above, Wilderness Pursuits hijacks the train. From left, Ernest [Sapa] Lola, Andrew Sock game hunting, basketball and baseball. beson, Jim Sapiel, Everett Sapiel, Kirk Fields, Nick Dow, Louis Dana, Mark Ranco Pat Neither boy knew much about the Almenas, Barry Nelson. boarding school they will attend this fall. Kirk Fields, Penobscot, is 17, and has been on three or four Wilderness Pursuits courses. Going into his senior year at Old Town High School, Kirk said, ‘ m going T to go to college for sure.” Kirk lives on Indian Island, the son of Nancy Lola Nelson and Kenneth Nelson. H e has two brothers and one sister. A steady, mature person, he said, “I like this, out here, because you ge t to know people. You Paddling isn ’ always serious work. Sometimes a splash or some other prank broke the t pleasant monotony. Pat Almenas, left; Everett and Jim Sapiel. In their own words ALLAGASH W ILDERNESS — Six boys on a six day journey down the Allagash waterway naturally had differ ent points of view, but a common thread knitted their feelings together into a unity that grew with each new experience. The youngest participant was Jim Sapiel, 14, a Penobscot from Indian Island. He paddled in the security of a canoe manned by his brother Everett, a Wilderness Pursuits instructor. Jim had a quiet smile, a readiness to help out. He never lost his shyness completely, but that didn’ stop him from enjoying playing t frisbee from canoe to canoe. H e said he likes to go camping with his brothers, when not busy as an Old Town Junior High School student. He likes a 75cc Honda motorcycle. Mark Ranco, 17, is a Penobscot who lives with his aunt, Ann Pardilla, at Indian Island. A serious young man, he recalls his late grandmother, Margert Rancox. “She smartened me up a lot. No dating,” he said. He would like to play professional sports, or perhaps become a commercial artist. A John Bapst High School student, he is a fullback and halfback in football, and plays basketball and hockey. Mark said the Allagash trip was his third; “It makes you appreciate home a lot more, and thank God for what you have,” he said. The expert paddlers of the trip were two Passamaquoddy participants, and they didn’ mind demonstrating their skill. t Almost always joking and joshing were Louis Dana, 15, and Ernest (Sapa) Lola, 16. They both live at Indian Township, and have attended Calais High School. This fall they will attend Intermountain School, a Bureau of Indian Affairs boarding school. Louis isn’ ju st a good paddler. He is an t Indian dancer. His brother Martin is known for drum-making, and made wings and a tail for Louis to perform the Eagle dance. His oldest brother, Andrew is an artist. The son of Joan Dana, Louis has six brothers and three sisters. He loves to hunt and fish, and is an outfielder for the Dana Point Indians baseball team (two brothers are team members). Louis and Sapa, as he prefers to be can think a lot, and it builds up your self-esteem and confidence.” Andrew Sockbeson, A PassamaquoddyPenobscot, is 18 and lives in Bangor. He is the son of Beth and Albert Sockbeson, is a senior at John Bapst High, and will probably go to college. He said he is contemplating marine biology, and may apply to Dartmouth, University of Ver mont, or Boston University. H e joined a previous Wilderness Pursuits course, traveling by canoe from Lincoln to Old Town. An articulate, outgoing person, Andy say's that on the trip, “You meet new people. These trips, you learn.. .different things. Everybody pulls his own w eight “Just being out, having fun; it’ a new s adventure, really,” Andy said. Comment ing on a traditional sweat lodge ceremony held at one Allagash campsite, he observed that he became more aware of his Indian identity: “I think I care about it more, now that I understand it better. You understand it better when you’ ve experience^ >t ” �Page 1 0 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Indians should define who is Indian, educator tells NACIE panel get done. It’ the Indian people that suffer,” s she said. In the wake o f those comments, a resolution brought by NACIE member Joy Hanley. Navajo, was passed. It calls for adequate construction funds for reservation schools, so that in 5-7 years Indian children will have adequate schools. Peterson explained. “ We’ on a limited re budget but our commitment is there. We're committed to Indian education." Another Indian affiliated with Harvard testified that "the history o f New England Indians has not been told.” Claudette Bradley, a Connecticut Shagticoke. said that although small, her tribe "has never been terminated by a local government, a state government or a federal government. We havfe never abandoned our land.” A doctoral candidate at Harvard who hopes to develop an Indian math curricu lum. Bradley said that elders of the New England tribes are "bearers o f history,” and something should be done to preserve it. Bradley. 37, works with Dr. Richard McCann in the Boston regional office o f the Department o f Health, Education and Welfare. She is under contract to assess Indian needs in New England. Area tribes counselor to Indian students at University of Maine. include Penobscot and Passamaquoddy, indigenous to Maine (also Micmacs and Bradley grew up in Stratford, Ct. Her arrangement by tribal official Timothy Maliseets in Maine, originally from Can ada); Pequots, Golden Hill and Shagticoke tribe has 400 acres at Kent and is pursuing a Love. Other NACIE members at the Bangor in Connecticut; Wampanoags in Massachu land claim for an additional 1,300 acres. meeting were Earl Oxendine, Lumbee; Fred Big Jim. Alaska native; Violet Rau, Yaki setts; Abenakis in Vermont and Narragan- That claim includes grounds o f Kent School setts in Rhode Island. Bradley said there are for Boys, o f which Indian author Vine ma; Robert Swan, Chippewa; Ruby Ludwig, Oklahoma; Thomas Thompson, Blackfoot; 20.000 Indians in New England, 3,000 of Deloria is an alumnus. Patricia McGee. Yavopai; Maxine R. Edmo, Bradley praised another Indian group, which are children. the Boston Indian Council, “conceived by 12 Shoshone-Bannock; and Wayne Newell, Commenting on a Lumbee slide show at alcoholics in the South End who wanted a Passamaquoddy from Indian Township. Dr. the NACIE meeting. Bradley said. " If we Michael P. Doss. NACIE director, greeted place for Indian kids to go.” Bradley is on reflect on the film we saw, we saw Indian the BIC board o f directors. Present at the former Harvard classmates Newell and Tom kids in a classroom. But they were learning NACIE meeting was BIC director Clif Batiste, director o f Administration for leisure skills. like dancing. What about Native Americans. Saunders. Sioux, and other staff, including herbal medicine? Barbara Gentry, Wampanoag. who present “ How well do we understand culture? In ed a slide show, facts and figures, assisted by the area o f education, the white way of Vicki Howe. Micmac from Canada. "1 feel every day we’ losing Indian learning is that we must learn the three R’s. re Mary Jo Lopez, unable to attend the history." she said. The Indian way o f learning is integrated in NACIE meeting, submitted a letter describ "I have been invited to develop a resource the environment and is centered on the ing financial troubles her Mashpee (Wam data bank for Indian women. That's just elders.” Bradley said. panoag) Indian education project. Also not Indian women, but it’ a start," Peterson s “ We think that we go out into the world present, but submitting testimony, was said, adding, “ People think that Indians and understand the world after reading miles David Rudolph, o f Central Maine Indian aren't achievers, although we all know and miles o f print,” she said. Association. different.” Bradley raised questions about the role of Ruth Dial Woods, Lumbee, described Peterson also cautioned persons at the education: "Is it an acculturation process to with the aid o f slides a federally funded meeting to avoid jargon and evasive put Indians into the mainstream, or can we Indian teaching project in Lumberton, N.C. language. "Let’ get down to the nitty gritty. use it for self-determination, so that we’ be s ll Woods said under new requirements If it's dishonest, say it’ dishonest. Couch it here in 1.000 years? Are we encouraging s 8,000 Indian students may have to be in bureacratic language and itJust doesn’ them to go into acculturation or a revival?” t certified, along with 450 Indian teachers and 17 Indian administrators. This, Woods said, is burdensome and unfair. A NACIE member, John Rouillard, Claudette Bradley Sioux, disagreed. "Unfortunate though it is, Speeches included a presentation by I think it’ necessary," he said. s Edward DiCenso, Maine Indian Education Mary Brown, Narragansett. cited the success o f Indian cultural programs in superintendent. Rhode Island schools. Ross Dixon, president o f Inupiat Univer sity on Alaska’s North Slope, told NACIE members he is trying "to preserve Eskimo culture and to prepare Eskimos for the western world. You name it, we teach it,” he ORONO — An appeal ta Indian families said. is being made by Central Maine Indian When you have Penobscots 10 miles away. Association (CMIA) for foster care. I'm sure they aren’ overwhelmed by t For two years, CMIA has sought Indian ' Bangor. But Eskimos from isolated villages parents who would be willing to accept an are overwhelmed when they come to Barrow'. Indian child into their home. The results are Isolation is an extremely important part of disappointing, according to outreach worker the problems we have,” Dixon said. Linda Collinson. She said only three Indian Other problems for Dixon include the families have responded to appeals. cost o f building materials, which must be Collinson said “red tape” involved is flown in by jet. “The most important aspect minimal, and will be handled by trained o f the North Slope is not the cold, not the CMIA staff. Under foster care guidelines, a isolation, it’ the bowhead whale,” said family will receive payments for support o f a s Dixon, adding that an Eskimo told him, foster child. A Lumbee Indian, Earl Oxendine, left, brought his family from North Carolina to NACIE “ We get our identity from the bowhead Interested persons should contact Collin meeting in Bangor, and then joined Wayne Newell, second from right, at Indian Township, whale.” son or Carol Farrenkopf, at CMIA, 95 Main The full NACIE group toured the St., Orono, Maine. Telephone 207/866where Newell is head of health and social services. Oxendine’ wife, Betty, daughter, Carla, s Penobscot reservation on Indian Island with 5587. and son, Earl Jr., were with him. BANGOR— Under current federal policy, Indians will “breed themselves into a smaller pool, rather than expand and prosper.” said an Indian official o f the nation’ most prestigious college. s Frank Ryan, director o f Harvard’ Indian s graduate program, told a meeting of National Advisory Council on Indian Edu cation (NACIE). that "the federal govern ment is conscientously trying to deprive Indians o f their benefits.” Ryan discussed "what constitutes an Indian." and his or her relationship to the federal government as individual, and as tribal member. He said "defining tribal membership is a sovereign power o f the tribe. "As a matter o f international law. the United States should not muck around in Indian law anyway.” Ryan stated. He said treaties with tribes have been held to have the same status as treaties with sovereign powers. Ryan told the council— meeting in Maine for the first time ever— that he would like to see the United Nations General Assembly bring charges of genocide against the U.S., “but we can't make that known to the U.N. because our President says it’ a domestic s responsibility,” Ryan said. Ryan argued that a minimum quarterblood requirement to be eligible for federal Indian services is “blatently wrong,” and that “it’ unclear why the government would s . provide a racial classification for eligibility for services.” He said federal constitutional protection can be withheld from Indians even though they are U.S. citizens. Ryan was one o f several persons repre senting Indian groups or agencies from Maine to Alaska to testify before the NACIE panel. NACIE chairman Viola G. Peterson, a Miami Indian, said during the three days of testimony and discussion that she is concc-jned about cultural resources. Foster Indian homes sought �Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Page 1 1 Passamaquoddy man seeks grant to build bark canoes PLEASANT POINT— Museums have them, as do a few lucky individuals. But Maine Indians do not build them anymore. The skills o f creating a birch bark canoe are slipping into oblivion. A Passamaquoddy Indian here wants to preserve not only canoe building skills, but a birch bark tradition as well. Eddie Bassett Jr., 24, who grew up in Massachusetts but now lives in a brick house at Pleasant Point, has attended otie year o f boatbuilding school and now wants to work independent ly. specializing in bark canoes. Bassett needs another year to graduate from the boatbuilding program at Washing ton County Vocational Technical Institute in Eastport. but first he wants to start the revival o f birch bark canoes. He has ap plied— through tribal Lt.Gov. Cliv Dore— for a National Endowment for the Arts grant. He is searching for any sources o f information on bark canoes that he can get his hands on.. Already. Bassett has talked with Pleasant Point resident Newell Tomah, 66, who builds model bark canoes. According to Bassett. Tomah said he was interested in teaching his own sons first. Bassett also talked with a Passamaquoddy man who gathered birch bark for Henri Vaillancourt of New Hampshire, a non-Indian who has mastered bark canoe traditions. Bassett hopes to have a couple of fellow apprentices. "It's not just me involved in this. Instead of getting into all this technology, we’d like to get back to the old ways. People could get an interest in this stuff. To me that is what’ good for people,” s he said. Obituary MATTHEW SILLIBOY HOULTON— Matthew Silliboy, a Micmac, 50, died Aug. 4, 1979, in a drowning accident at Princeton. He was born in Ederton. N.B., Feb. 22, 1929, the son o f Stephen and Mary (Phillips) Silliboy. He was a member o f St; Mary's Church. He is survived by five brothers, John of Houlton, James o f Big Cove, N.B., Joseph and Richard, both o f Littleton, Peter of Houston, Texas; one sister, Rose Polchies of Houlton; several nieces and nephews. Funeral Mass was celebrated at St. Mary’ s Church, with the Rev. John E. Bellefontaine officiating. Interment was in St. Mary’s Cemetery, Houlton. Bassett first learned about bark canoe building from Clint Tuttle, a boatbuilding school instructor. He will welcome anyone else’ advice, and can be reached through s the tribal office, or by writing to him at Pleasant Point. Building fiberglass canoes, or buying them ready-made, may be easier than attempting a birch bark canoe. Yet Bassett said he is sure he wants to build bark canoes. He talks about real “satisfaction" from learning the art, then sharing it among interested persons. "It's going to be something for everybody, and I want to get as much material as possible," he said. “ I might in the future even try to get a book together," said Bassett, son o f Edward R. Bassett o f Massachusetts, and nephew of Edward L. Bassett o f Pleasant Point. Bassett Jr. lives with a friend, and his young son Ki-Nap. which means "not afraid" in Passamaquoddy. "The name doesn’ fit him t yet,” Bassett said with a laugh. Wabanaki Corp undergoes audit ORONO— Although an expenditure of Two Penobscot youngsters dance the feather dance during the pageant at Indian Island. s money reportedly cannot be justified, a full Each of Maine’ three reservations hosted pageants, giving outsiders a glimpse of Indian audit o f Wabanaki Corporation books will culture and hospitality. present no big problems, the director says. Steve Francis, in charge o f the corpora tion, said money was spent for an allegedly improper purpose (support o f a religious organization), and that this expenditure will show in the audit. He said that he was not By Natalie S. Mitchell worried about the results o f a full organiza tion-wide audit. Such an audit has not been Although there are many opinions of calories. This does not mean by way of conducted in several years, he said. The breastfeeding; what can be more natural sweets, but preferably by way of protein. financial records o f Wabanaki Corp. were for a baby than its own mother’ milk? She should increase her protein to 4 s turned over this month to a Bangor auditor. First, it contains colostrum that is actually servings a day, eat 5 - 7 servings of fresh present before the milk is actually fruits and vegetables. There may be ommissions of certain vegetables that are produced. This substance contains vita LaPlante joins board mins and special immune substances that gas forming, such as cabbage, tomatoes, ORONO — A Penobscot, Jeannette help the baby to defend itself from many onions, etc. Since milk contains calcium, (Daigle) LaPlante of Old Town, has been diseases. Breast milk is absorbed into the protein, thiamine (B2), vitamin D, and phosphorus, the nursing mother should appointed to represent Central Maine system quicker than cow’ milk, because s Indian Association on this newspaper’ s of the natural sugar in milk called, lactose. increase her milk intake to a quart a day, board of-directors. It is also convenient to the mother because because the baby is taking in these LaPlante succeeds Teresa Sappier, who she doesn’ have to prepare formulas and essential nutrients when breast feeding. t has moved from the area to attend an Indian it isn’ expensive. Physiologically, after This can be counted as the added protein t Health Service school in New Mexico. giving birth, the uterus is stretched. intake, also. If she is worried about LaPlante is a service representative for Breastfeeding will help bring the uterus gaining weight, she should substitute Social Security, in Bangor. She joins Melvin back to it’ non-pregnant state. This skim milk or cottage cheese for whole s L. Vicaire, Central Maine Indian Associa occurs as the result of stimulation of the milk. Iron is also important during tion director, in representing CMIA on the posterior pituitary gland to produce a breastfeeding. Foods high in iron are Division o f Indian Services board. eggs, molasses, raisins, and red lean hormone called oxytocin. This hormone contracts the breast cells to let down the meats. Cereals, whole grain breads contain important B vitamins and iron and milk into the ducts, so the infant can feed have less additives contained in them than and also contracts the uterus from repeated stimulation. Lastly, there is an enriched breads and cereals. They also provide roughage that can aid to relieve emotional satisfaction for the infant and mother relationship, with the feeling of constipation. Fluid intake should include 8 - 10 cups a day. This may include milk, was director o f the Catholic Division of contentment and closeness. soups, water, coffee (in moderation) and Indian Services (DIS). He worked for DIS Nutritionally, the mother has to in from September 1973 until August 1976, crease her caloric intake to about 500 juices. and during that time published Wabanaki Alliance, predecessor o f this newspaper. Depew said he planned to sell his Orono home and return with his family to Montana, where he had previously worked CARIBOU— A total o f 59 Micmac and Camp Karawanee. The foundation was in journalism. Maliseet Indian children were enrolled this previously known as Quebec-Labrador Mis “ I’ worked for the tribes for many summer at Camp Karawanee, where an sion. ve Campers at Karawanee joined in the years. I’ enjoyed working for the Bishop, Indian program is located between Caribou ve usual activities o f games, hikes, swimming and directly for the tribes,” Depew said, and Fort Kent in Aroostook County. adding that he was ready for a change in According to camp director Ellen Mustin, and canoeing. employment. 27 children ages 12-15 attended a two and TGI was organized in 1974, so that tribes one half week session, and 42 youngsters could present a total population to be served ages eight to 11. participated in a two week New arrival at Indian Island o f at least 1.000 persons— not possible program. Nine Indian counselors worked on unless reservations were combined, and the staff, she said. off-reservation associations represented. AINDIAN ISLAND— A healthy baby boy The Karawanee program ended this long with Passamaquoddies, TGI includes month with a special field day. Parents and with a head of black hair was born July 1 , 8 representatives from Central Maine Indian guests attended, including Maine Commis to Carol Dana and Stanley Neptune o f Oak Association, and Association o f Aroostook sioner o f Indian Affairs Charles Rhynard. hill. Kwenuhwet weighed ten pounds at Indians. TGI and Indian manpower suc birth, and was 23 inches tall. The baby was Rhynard visited via plane, piloted by Bob ceeded federal Operation Mainstream pro named by Violet and Clarence Francis of Brien,‘^formerly one half o f the “ Bert grams, which existed at Maine’ three and I” comedy team, is director ot s Indian Island, who picked a Penobscot word reservations from 1962-1973. meaning "long hair.” Quebec-Labrador Foundation, which funds Nutrition Notes N ew Indian M anpow er, TGI officia ls n am ed ORONO— The top job in a joint tribal agency that funnels federal funds to Indian programs has changed hands. Former Passamaquoddy tribal governor Allen J. Sockabasin has replaced David Depew, a Montana native, as director of Indian manpower services for Tribal Gover nors Inc. (TGI), the joint tribal funding agency. Sockabasin, formerly a resident of Indian Township, has been TGI coordina tor, a newlv-created position. In other action. Pleasant Point Passama quoddy Gov. Robert Newell has been elected president o f TGI. Sockabasin. 34, recently sold his reserva tion home. He has been residing in the Bangor area. He told Wabanaki Alliance that he is considering moving his offices to a Hammond Street location in that city. TGI bankrolls several program s, including Maine Indian Transportation Association (MITa ) and Maine Indian Manpower’ , s Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers. Depew has been Indian manpower direc tor for the past three years, and prior to that Aroostook camp serves Indian kids �Page 1 2 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Paper company claim questioned M1LLINOCKET— A Penobscot Indian inadvertently brought a land title test case to district court here last month. The judge ruled there is "reasonable doubt” Great Northern Paper Co. has more claim to the Debsconeag Deadwater area than does the Penobscot tribe. The ruling falls firmly in favor o f Indians, and authorities say it has significant implications in the current Penobscot-Passamaquoddv land claims case. The doubt was sparked by Ronald Fran cis— known as Sonahbeh to Indians— a Penobscot from Indian Island who was caught at Debsconeag with a campfire and no permit. A permit to build a fire is required under state statute, but Sonabeh was found not guilty. Judge Jessie H. Briggs, youngest female judge in the state and only the second woman to be appointed to the bench in Maine, said the district attorney, represent ing the state, had failed to prove the paper company had title “superior to the original title o f the Penobscot tribe.” Briggs based her decision on arguments advanced in court by Thomas N.Tureen. lawyer for the Maine tribes in the 12.5 million acre land suit. Tureen said an 1818 treaty giving land to Massachusetts (later slate o f Maine) was invalid because it violated a 1790 Non-Intercourse Act. That act says Congress must ratify all treaties with Indians; the act is the basis of Penobscot-Passamaquoddy claims to abor iginal territory. Tureen told Wabanaki Alliance the Briggs decision shows that the land in question was the “tribe’ land aboriginally,” s and that it was “taken without federal consent." He said that “what’s significant about the case is it’ the first case in which s we’ presented the facts o f the Non-Inter ve course Act.” While Tureen was elated at the outcome o f the case, state officials were reportedly distraught. The Bangor Daily News reported Atty. Gen. Richard Cohen as saying he “violently disagreed” with the decision. Tureen said Briggs’ ruling is attributable to a July Maine Supreme Court opinion supporting federal jurisdiction on Indian reservations. That ruling, stemming from an appeal by convicted arsonists Allen Sockabasin and Albert Dana o f Indian Township, set a "very important legal precedent because it overruled prior decisions of the Maine Supreme Court,” Tureen said. The Dana-Sockabasin decision "essen tially established that reservations are Indian country" and subject to federal jurisdiction under the Major Crimes Act,” Tureen explained. He said Briggs' decision on the fire permit requirement was rein Medicine man Sonabeh [Ronald Francis], relaxes in doorway of his workshop, where he does forced by the high court’s recognition of woodcarving in the company of his cat, and occasionally an apprentice worker. “ Indian country.” An ironic twist is that Sonahbeh appar ently had no notion o f testing aboriginal title at Debsconeag. He told Briggs in court that he built his campfire withqut a permit "because it was so close to shore.” Sonahbeh, 66. is a self-employed woodcarver. He has a knowledge o f traditional design and ceremonial practices. WASHINGTON— Extinguishment of all their work. Through their patience, past Narragansett Indian claims in Rhode leadership and commitment, they have Island has been announced by the Interior achieved something which has so far escaped other affected eastern seaboard Department. Under term s of the Rhode Island Indian states— the out of court settlement of an Claims Settlement Act, the Narragansett Indian land claim.” Indians will receive 1,800 acres of land in The Indians filed suit in 1975 for 3200 Charlestown, Rhode Island, in return for acres of land in Charlestown which it claimed had passed out of tribal ownership took County districts received federal funds the relinquishment of all their land claims. The Act, which President Carter signed in 1880 in violation of the Trade and for Indian pupils. Intercourse Act of 1790. That law says into law on Septem ber 30, 1978, imple Also receiving funds were Indian Island ments a settlement negotiated by the that conveyances of Indian land are elementary school, $12,784; Beatrice Raffer ty school at Pleasant Point, $18,818; and Narragansett Indians, the State of Rhode invalid unless approved by the Federal Indian Tow nship elementary school, Island, private landowners and the town government. An Indian-controlled corporation will get council. $14,727. “The parties'to this settlem ent are to be 900 acres of land from the state and will DiCenso said the federal funds constitute continuing support o f Maine programs. He congratulated,” said Secretary Andrus. buy another 900 acres in private owner said any school with some Indian enrollment “Governor J. Joseph Garrahy, the Narra ship with $3.5 million the Federal in the state is eligible to apply for the funds. gansett leaders, the Rhode Island General government -will provide. In return, the There are reportedly about 800 Indian Assembly, the state’ congessional dele agreement authorized the extinguishment s students in the state, o f which 445 attend gation, the town council and private of all Narragansett claims in Rhode reservation schools. landowners can all feel justifiably proud of Island. O ld N arragan sett claim s ex tin gu ish ed S ch ools g e t grant to teach Indian h erita ge CALAIS— The federal Education office has awarded $56,658 for Indian students in Maine schools, but one area of Maine was left out. Caribou, where many Indian families reside, was apparently late in applying for funds, and at press time had not been allocated funds. However, Maine Indian Education Supt. Edward DiCenso said there is still hope the Caribou area will receive funds. Houlton's District 29 was awarded $10,329 this year. Formerly, seven Aroos State hires ex-Nixon lawyer for claims suit AUGUSTA — The man who defended disgraced former President Richard M. Nixon has been retained by the state to defend Maine in the event the 12.5 million acre Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claim goes to court. James St. Clair, Nixon’ defense lawyer s during the Watergate scandal, recently represented the town o f Mashpee, Mass., in a case where Wampanoag Indians failed to s win tribal recognition as a prerequisite to ^bringing a land claim in Mashpee. St. Clair’ retention by the state was s announced at press time by state Atty. Gen. - Richard S. Cohen. Cohen said St. Clair will . not be involved in efforts to achieve a negotiated out-of-court settlement, current ly under review by the Maine Congressional delegation. Cohen made no public mention o f wddely BUMPS ON A LOG — These Indian Island kids and some visitors find a common vantage known lawyer Edward Bennett Williams, who was retained by former Gov. James B. point to view the Pageant at Indian Island. Longley in connection with Indian claims. In april 1978, Wabanaki Alliance reported that Longley was allegedly advised by Williams not to fight the Indian claim in court — advice that Longley apparently did not wish to hear. St. Clair, like Williams, is an expensive lawyer, with a fee that may be several hundred dollars per hour. Last year, the attorney general sought $200,000 from the Legislature, to hire lawyers for the land claims case. Cohen would not reveal St. Clair’ fee. s Thomas N. Tureen, lawyer for the tribes, said in a public radio interview that the state has long been aware that Indians will take their claims to court, if a negotiated settle ment cannot be reached. He said a current settlement plan “is the last chance for Maine to get out o f it free,” while at the same time benefiting from an “economic stimulus” in the form of a cash award to the tribes. �Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Micmac musician has has varied repertoire Joe plays rock, classical, folk and Indian music, although, he said, “I don’ know t how to read it that much.” He has six sisters and this season, the family is raking blueberries in Maine. Joe’ grand s father, age 73, plays concertina. Joe has played music since age seven. Cremo will gleefully joke and brag about his career, but is actually a m odest man. “It’ hard to build a name," he said, s adding that he “might be champion at certain styles,” but he shied from the title of champion fiddler. Vincent Joe, a versatile man on keyboard. (Continued from page 1 ) variety. He clearly enjoyed the crowd at Bar Harbor. “Som e people ask me, why I don’ smile t in front of them, on the TV set and everything. Well, it’ because I used to s play hockey, and I kissed a puck going about 150 miles per hour,” Cremo says. “I was going to be a p riest Just once,” he said. Cremo has lived a life similar to many Micmacs. H e com posed Eskasoni Break down while picking potatoes in Aroostook County. He estimates he knows hundreds of tunes, although he only began to learn how to read music three years ago. He has played fiddle since childhood — “music is in my blood" — grow ing up at Chapel Island, Nova Scotia, in a family of 12 children. “If the people enjoy what I’ doing, it’ m s worth more than money,” said Cremo, a school bus driver and service station worker who has an Irish wife and a son, 3, and daughter, 7. “If there w ere 25 hours in a day I could use them," he commented, as he boarded his deluxe van with Joe, to head home to Eskasoni for a reservation dance. Flames level house INDIAN TOWNSHIP— A small, vacant wooden dwelling was burned flat, recently, at Peter Dana Point on the Passamaquoddy reservation. The small house was formerly occupied by John Tomah, according to tribal public safety director George W. Mitchell. Tomah now lives at senior citizens housing, Mitchell said. The old house had been a storage area near the tribe’ ballfield. The fire was s apparently a case o f arson. There were no injuries reported. Sioux tribe wins $100 million claim WASHINGTON— The 60,000 member Sioux Nation has been awarded more than $100 million by the U.S. Court o f Claims as compensation for land confiscated by the U.S. Government over a century ago. In a 5-2 ruling, the Court said the Sioux were entitled to $17.5 million, fair market value for the Black Hills o f South Dakota when they were illegally seized in 1877, plus 5 percent annual interest. Total settlement could reach $132.5 million. The decision can be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Lee Cremo, Micmac fiddler extraordinary. Vincent Joe says simply that Cremo wins every fiddle contest he enters. Cremo plays on two violins. “One of them, the new one I have, took the man 22 years to make it.” It comes from Amsterdam. The other is German, with steel strings, and “sounds like a tin can compared to the good one.” Seasonal job program explained Court upholds 50-50 fishing rights for Indians By Vince Lovett The U.S. Supreme Court recently upheld Judge George Boldt’s 1974 decision that Washington Indian tribes were entitled by treaty to half the harvest o f fish in the Indians’ usual and accustomed fishing places. The court modified the Boldt ruling by requiring all fish caught by the Indians, including those caught for ceremonial and subsistence purposes, to count against their fifty percent. The court also supported Boldt’s actions to enforce his ruling when state officials were either unwilling or unable to enforce his orders. The opinion, written by Justice Stevens, stated: “The Federal court unquestionably has the power to enter the various orders that state official and private parties have chosen to ignore, and even to displace local enforcement of those orders if necessary to remedy the violations of Federal law bound by the court.” Interior Assistant Secretary Forrest Gerard, commenting on the decision, made the point that, "Judge Boldt’ initial s decision was not a ‘ gift’ or a ‘ special grant’ to the tribes . . . His decision was based on the treaties that the tribes had entered into as equal partners with the United States Government.. . the tribes made substantial concessions, including surrender o f control o f vast areas o f land, in return for retention o f their ‘ right o f taking fish at usual and accustomed grounds and stations . . . in common with all citizens o f the Territory.’ ” The following excerpts are from the syllabus prepared by the Reporter o f Deci sions and released with the opinion pre pared by Justice Stevens and the dissent written by Justice Powell. “The language o f the treaties securing a ‘ right of taking fish ... in common with all citizens o f the Territory’ was not intended merely to guarantee the Indians access to usual and accustomed fishing sites and an ‘ equal opportunity' for individual Indians, along with non-Indians, to try to catch fish, but instead secures to the Indian tribes a right to harvest a share o f each run of anadromous fish that passes through tribal fishing areas . . . An equitable measure of the common right to take fish should PRESQUE ISLE— The Aroostook Coun ty Action Program, Inc., says that recent changes in CETA guidelines will enable more Aroostook youth to participate in the ACAP Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Youth Program. The ACAP youth program, funded through the Penobscot Employment and Training Administration, provides career alternatives for seasonal farmworkers by offering training and jobs to disadvantaged youth. Participants will receive training and paid experience at public or private non-profit worksites. In addition, enrollees will be offered job counseling and testing, career information, basic and remedial education, and occupational and training referral services. Eligibility guidelines for ACAP Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Youth Program are: (I) the applicant must be between 16 and 21 years old; (2)the applicant must be a high school junior, senior, or dropout; (3) the applicant or any family member must have worked at least 25 days OR earned at least $400 during any consecutive 12 month period over the past 24 months in farm related work, such as potato, pea, hay, blueberry and/or apple harvesting. Time spent performing soil preparation services, including fertilizer application, plowing, planting, and spraying crops may also be counted; (4) at least half o f the family’ s earned income during any 12 consecutive months of the past 24 months must have been from agricultural earnings; and (5) the applicant must have been economically disadvantaged according to CETA guide lines concerning family size and income during the selected 12 consecutive months of the past 24 months. Interested individuals may apply for the ACAP Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Youth Program. initially divide the harvestable portion of each run that passes through a ‘ usual and accustomed’place into approximately equal treaty and nontreaty shares . . . the District Court erred in excluding fish taken by the Indians on their reservations from their share o f the runs, and in excluding fish caught for the Indians’ ceremonial and sub sistence needs. “If the spirit of cooperation motivating the State Attorney General’ representation s to this Court that definitive resolution o f the basic federal question of construction o f the treaties will allow state compliance with federal court orders is not confirmed by the conduct o f state officials, the District Court has the power to undertake the necessary remedial steps and to enlist the aid of appropriate federal law enforcement agents in carrying out those steps.” However, some Washington, D.C. attor neys involved in Indian affairs have ex pressed concern about the Supreme Court’ s recent ruling on the Boldt decision. On the surface, the ruling seemed a victory for the Indian tribes, but certain language in the opinion has created doubts. The problem is that while the Court supported Boldt’ fiftys fifty apportionment as an “equitable mea sure” o f treaty and non-treaty shares, it qualifies this by adding that the treaty share should then be reduced “if tribal needs may be satisfied by a lesser amount." The opinion subsequently states: “Ac cordingly, while the maximum possible allo cation to the Indians is fixed at 50 percent, the minimum is not; the latter will, upon proper submissions to the District Court, be modified in response to changing circum stances.” A footnote to this statement asserts that, “Because the 50 percent figure is only a ceiling, it is not correct to characterize our holding ‘ guaranteeing as the Indians a specified percentage’ o f the fish" as Justice Powell had said in the dissenting opinion. What criteria will be used to determine the Indian tribal needs for fish and who will make the determina tion o f Indian needs? One lawyer predicted that these questions will bring the issue back to another Supreme Court. Passamaquoddies take diving course PLEASANT POINT— Five young men at the reservation here participated this month in a condensed diving course entitled, underwater collecting techniques, Enrolled were Dale Mitchell, Reginald Stanley, Martin Francis, Donnell Dana and Robert Murphy. The course is worth one academic credit, and was co-sponsored by Suffolk University Marine Science Institute at Cobscook Bay, and University o f Maine at Machias, according to Veronica Moore of the Pleasant Point BIA education office. One participant, Stanley, has worked in the tribal aquaculture program, and may use his new skills in gathering oysters. The diving course was taught by Gerald Comeau. Longest Walk baby is one year old BOSTON — He is only one year old, but Amassiliget (“longest walk” in Maliseet) seem s to be a proud Indian. He celebrated his birthday July 20, at Boston Indian Council. A t one point, Amassiliget Pim oset (“one who walks” in , Penobscot) Francis McDonald started banging on a drum, Indian style. He did so to the delight of his mother, Carla Francis, a secretary at BIC. Last summer she joined the Longest Walk rally for Indian rights, in Washington, D.C. Amassiliget was born unexpectedly at an Indian campground near the capital. He was born in a bus, after eight hours labor. Says Carla, “Som e day he will know where he was born, and that will mean a lot to Amassiliget. He is so proud of his Indian culture and knowing he is Indian." Carla is the daughter of Harold Francis and Lorraine Polchies Francis of Maine. She is Maliseet-Penobscot “Amassiliget noticed the trees moving one day. He laughed and reached for them. It made me think of when he was Carla Francis and Amassiliget. born... the experience was so spiritual; and it was the best gift I ever received. It was meant to be, Carla said. �Page 1 4 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 Exploring aspects of tribal sovereignty (Continued from page 5 ) lodges, roundhouses, and other traditional ways of healing. TRADITIONAL GOVERNMENT: The prime project in this category is the work of the Lakota Treaty Council, comprised of Oglala Sioux “chiefs and headmen" on South Dakota’ Pine Ridge Reservation, s site of the 1973 occupation of Wounded Knee Village. A hotbed of contention b e tw e en trad ition al and m od ern ist factions, the reservation is the second largest of America’ Indian reservations. s Aims of the Project include restoration of the traditional Sioux form of government in place of the Indian Reorganization Act government approved by the Interior Department, and control of the sacred Black Hills. Clearly the most controversial of T SP’ approved projects, it has not, s AWAY GAME — The Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy women’s softball team visited Klngshowever, widened factional differences, clear Maliseet Reserve, in New Brunswick, recently, during the Kingsclear annual pageant. stated Bomberry. “There’ a new spirit of s cooperation there. The siting of three [Photo by Allen J. Sockabasin] VISTA volunteers required the consent of the Tribal Council and they gave that consent.” Bomberry said the possibility of new uranium development in the Black J . several years legislation has been introduced Hills and high public controversies MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. — An education which would abrogate or amend legislation group here has stated its opposition to in between tribes and the state of the that specifically benefits ^ndian people. The cluding Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA) “piecemealing” of jurisdiction over coun original legislation was based on tne Gov education programs in a proposed federal ties overlapping the reservation drew the ernment to Government relation that tribes A G R IC U L TU R A L P R O D U C T IO N : Department o f Education. various factions together after the Lakota established with the U.S. verified by the Four Navajo communities in Arizona A letter to Congressmen from Stuart Treaty Council accurately spotlighted the signing o f treaties. These treaties provided un(Jer the leadership of the Cameron Tonemah, president of National Indian issues. land, safe passage, and peace to the U.S.” chapter have begun a Farm Training Education Association, said merging BIA “But,” added Bomberry, “the policy Center with T SP assistance as an board has made it clear we would support programs with a new department ‘‘ could AIM leader freed ;perimental arid agricultural project to seriously jeopardize" educational reforms local people in disagreement with local develop an economy that is “environmen proposed in recent legislation. “ Funding of tribal governments if we believed it was SIOUX FALLS, S.D.— Russell Means, a tally benign and adapted to traditional the programs would be confused, and juris leader in the American Indian Movement Navajo culture.” A 100-acre family farm the right thing to do. W e get very moral diction questions regarding responsibilities and say we made the right decision based (AIM), has been released from a South homestead is being established with solar, for provision services would be confused, Dakota prison where he served a year’ time wind, and bioconversion energy, farming on the evidence given to us, that the s he said. people seeking the project represent a for a 1975 riot conviction. Means will Tonemah warns that a switch o f BIA in alfalfa, mixed crops and orchards, and significant proportion of people in the reportedly work for a lock manufacturing education might be a prelude to dissolving new technological means for the care of (rural reservation) districts." firm o f which he owns ten percent. He the entire bureau. He said he is worried crops and livestock. As a result of its In addition to the three VISTA returned to Pine Ridge. about Congress’ intentions: “Over the past initial success, the Navajo Tribe’ Depart s volunteers working with the Lakota ment of Labor recently granted the Treaty Council, others of the 13 assigned Center a $435,000 contract to accomplish to work with TSP projects are located its goals. In Michigan, the Native with the California Indian Land Acquis American Resource Council— an Iroquois ition Project on the Tule River Reserva group— attempted to establish a selftion (3), the Northern Cheyenne Land sufficient agricultural community commit Project at Lame Deer, Montana (3), in ted to traditional Iroquois values and New York with (3) and at TSP’ California s religion. The project foundered, however, headquarters (1) as editor of Native Selfbecause of difficulties in legal rehabilita Sufficiency. tion of aboriginal territory. The operating and grants budget of ALTERNATE LAND USE: The North TSP ran about $65,000 in its first year, ern Cheyenne Land Project at Lame according to T SP’ annual report. s Deer, Montana, with TSP assistance, is And where from here? attempting to find alternatives to strip Said Bomberry: “Because of increasing mining of coal for their estimated 23 Indian energy development— and the billion tons of strippable coal. Tribal beginnings of small-scale developments referenda have rejected stripmining and such as solar energy on Indian areas— the tribal government won a major energy and mining issues requests (for victory when its reservation air quality approved projects) are the most frequent standard was designated Class I — the w e’ encountering.” re highest quality pristine air. The Project is T SP’ success rate— 12 of 14 projects s conducting an economic analysis of the since 1979— gives the Tribal Sovereignty land in which the tribe has an interest, Program its own high marks for recogni with alternatives for tribal income. An tion of issues and response. economic plan detailing those alternative [Reprinted with permission from The . land uses is being developed with the TSP Exchange, Vol. 2, No. S, a publication o f grant. Phelps-Stokes Fund, Washington, D. C. ] LIFESTYLE: An Iroquois Midwife Project is underway at The Farm, BIA man appointed Tennessee to train eight Iroquois women in traditional Iroquois birthing practices WASHINGTON — Walter R. Mills, an by older women who have experience in Oglala Sioux, has been appointed superin 'these methods. The trained midwives will tendent of the Colorado River Agency at provide free services to 15 Iroquois Parker, Arizona, the Bureau o f Indian communities in New York, Wisconsin, Affairs has announced. TEDDY BEAR was the affectionate name for Theodore Bear Mitchell, a Penobscot, who Mills, 43, has been an Indian Self-Deter Ontario and Quebec. To date, the women died about six years ago at age 82. A former tribal governor, lieutenant governor, and have delivered 24 babies. Matching funds mination specialist in the Phoenix area tribal policeman, he lived all his life on Indian Island, and played baseball noth Joey office the past two years. He formerly served for this Project w ere provided by Women Neptune. Mitchell and Neptune w ere proteges of Louis Sockalrxis, after whom the in Rural Development and the United as administrative manager of the Phoenix Cleveland Indians were named. Both Mitchell and Neptune were summoned to tryouts Indian School and, earlier, o f the Hopi Methodist Church. In Arbuckle, Californ for the Chicago White Sox. Teddy Bear was a guide for many autumn hunters, and he agency at Kearns Canyon, Arizona. He ia, a group of California Indian tradition worked many years at Old Town Canoe Co. He was skilled with birch bark, and spoke began his career with BIA in 1971 as an in alists secured a contract to conduct both Passamaquoddy and Penobscot. The six surviving children (he and wife Mildred structor at the Southwestern Indian Poly training in Indian healing practices McKenny had ten] are Hilda Gray of Scarborough; Ted, John and Matthew of Indian technic Institute at Albuquerque, New including the use of herbs and medicines, Island; George W. of Indian Township; and Gerry of Columbus, Miss. There are Mexico. and the construction and use of sweat s grandchildren and gTeat grandchildren, [Photo courtesy of Denise Mitchell) numerous e Indian group opposes BIA education change and Responsibilities (ICERR), a national publicly anti-Indian organization head quartered in Winner, South Dakota. The results of this investigation were publish ed through the Pacific New Service. The Youth Project’ western office and TSP s jointly published the fuller findings. INDIAN LAND CLAIMS: By far the largest of TSP’ approved Indian projects s are those on Indian land claims in California, Nevada and New Mexico. In California, the legal issues and claims of the state’ landless tribes are being s conducted by the California Indian Land Acquisition Project, Pit River Land Project, and Yurok Research and Infor mation Center. In Nevada, the objectives of the W estern Shoshone Land Project are to educate Shoshone tribal members on questions of Indian land title and its return including possible negotiations for the settlement of a long-standing dispute. In New Mexico, the Santa Ana Pueblo near Albuquerque launched efforts with TSP’ support, to reclaim lands lost under s the 1937 Taylor Grazing Act which resulted in the signing last fall „ f , . ,ation b President Carter returning acres ^ the northern blo. �advertisements W H Y SHOULD I JOIN THE PEACE CORPS? Opportunity. For yourself, as well as others. ® Tw o yea rs d e b t-fre e . A ll exp enses a re p a id fo r you, in c lu d in g housing, m e dical, d e n ta l, subsistence, and in surance costs. • A bonus. A t th e end o f tw o yea rs in service, you w ill re ceive $3,000 as a re a d ju s tm e n t a llo w a n c e . • Status. W hen you fin is h Peace Corps s e rvice you w ill re ce ive one ye a r's p re fe rre d status fo r fe d e ra l jobs. M a ny p ro fe ss io n a ls be gan th e ir in te rn a tio n a l careers w ith s im ila r v o lu n te e r assign m en ts. Find o u t to d a y w h a t o p p o rtu n itie s a w a it you in th e Peace Corps. Call c o lle c t o r w rite : Peace Corps, 1405-M John M cC orm ack POUCH, Boston, M A 02109. Wahanaki Alliance August 1979 Indian travel group elects members PHOENIX, Arizona — The American Indian Travel Commission elected its new members to the board o f directors at its third annual convention here. The current directors o f the nine-member board are: President, Terry Combs, Western Cherokee, Oklahoma; Vice President, Ken Smith. Wasco, Oregon; Secretary. Gary Young, Yakima, Washington; Treasurer, Leo Vocu, Ogala Sioux, South Dakota; Cornelius Abrams, Seneca, New York; Matthew Nicolai, Eskimo. Alaska; Hotel/ Motel specialist, Carl Nelson, Colorado; tourism specialist, Deane Ford, Arizona; and campground specialist, Charles Damon, Navajo, Arizona. American Indian Travel Commission is a non-profit, national organization funded by Bureau o f Indian Affairs to provide technical support to American Indian/Alas ka native owned or operated tourism enterprises and to promote “ Indian Country, U.S.A.” AITC unanimously adopted three resolu tions at its first board meeting to request special AITC support from the BIA for operations in Alaska; to oppose weekend gasoline rationing and special restrictions on gasoline use; and oppose the OM B’ s decision to demise the Indian Assistance Program to the National Park Service which has served American Indians in land planning and development in areas adjacent to national parks and monuments. In September, 1979 AITC will distribute the first publication o f an American Indian (617) 223-7366. Ext. 4. : DVERDISEMENDS A PCACE 'AN AD HEALTH EDUCATOR— Responsibil ities: to plan and execute, within the Penobscot Indian community, structured activities and programs which motivate people to adopt healthful lifestyles, make informed choices about personal health, and effectively utilize the health care system; to coordinate education and training oppor tunities for the staff o f the department; and to edit a monthly newsletter. This is a key position with a community health agency which is committed to education and prevention as major strategies for the improvement of the health o f the people it serves. Submit resume and current refrences to: Director, Department o f Health and Social Services, Penobscot Indian Nation. Box 561, Old Town, Maine 04468. FARRELL’ PASSAMAQUODDY S DENTAL LAB Now Open for Business We Handle All Removable Denture Work, including repairs (18 years experience) For appointment call 853-4363 EVENINGS Mike and Alvera Farrell Pleasant Point Perry, Maine VCCOSOCCCOOCOCCCCOCOOOCOCOSOOC Wabanaki Alliance, Maine’ only s Indian newpaper, now offers advertising at reasonable rates, with preference given to Indian persons and Indian businesses. Take advantage of an opportunity to reach about 2,500 readers — most o f them Indian persons — through a display advertisement of your choice. Call or write us for rates and other information. WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 Main St. Orono, Maine 04473 Tel. [207] 866-4903 Travel Planner Guide which will include comprehensive descriptions of some 300 Indian owned or operated facilities. Copies will be no cost to travel agencies, wholesalers and operators. Two BIA directors named WASHINGTON — Bureau o f Indian Affairs has named two assitant area directors for community services and for economic-development in its Phoenix office, according to Commissioner Martin Seneca. LaFollette R. Butler, a Cherokee who has been Seneca's assistant since October 1978. will be assistant area director for community services. His appointment was effective July 1.* His reporting date, however, will be dependent on his release from his Washing ton assignment. William P. Ragsdale, superintendent at the Uintah & Ouray Agency at Ft. Duchesne, Utah, will be assistant area director for economic development effective July 1 . Do you have a drinking problem? Wabanaki Corporation offers an alco holism program lor Indian people who need help because ol problems with alcohol. If you have such a pioblent u> . need • help, or know ol si.uh one in nee-se contact the Alcoholism < •Tinsel- • Indian Township — Alcoholism Coun selors — Martha Barstis — Bernard Stevens — 207-796-2321. Association o f Aroostook Indians — Alcoholism Counselors — Pious Perley — Harriet Perley — 207-762-3571. Pleasant Point — Alcoholism Counse lors — Grace Roderick — Angelina Robichaud — 207-853-2537. Central Maine Indian Association — Alcoholism Counselor — Alfred Dana — 207-269-2653 or 207-866-5577. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION 1= t Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY Throughout The State Minimum Cash Down Payment Financing Available Through V.A. 30 Year Loans — No Closing Costs 9V4% Interest. Anyone Can Buy You Don't Have To Be A Veteran See Your Local Real Estate Broker Or Contact VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 x ccosoa cooooc U b s c r i e -ur eomnumity or area. Indian Island — Alcoholism Counselors — Clarence Francis — Rosalie Murphy — 207-866-5577.. °ooaS Owned Homes For Sale Page 15 write oept.74 items to choose. GREY OWL Indian Craft Manufacturing Co. 150-02 Beaver Road,'Jamaica, N.Y. �Page 1 6 Wabanaki Alliance August 1979 New building to house Penobscot museum Flashback photo INDIAN ISLAND— Ground has been cleared for construction here of a Penobscot tribal building to include an early childhood program, administrative offices, and a cultural and historical museum. Two 97-foot wings will flank a 40-foot long midsection, in a “C” shaped wooden log-type building, that could be completed by next summer. “The first priority is getting the shell up,” said Tribal Administrator Andrew Akins. "The second priority is getting the wing up and open for our early childhood programs. Accused murderer assaulted by inmates BANGOR— The accused murderer of an Indian Island man was himself beaten recently, at Penobscot County Jail. The beating of William A. Holmes, 22, was apparently provoked by other inmates, sympathetic to the deceased Adrian Loring, 29, a Penobscot Indian. Holmes was taken to Bangor Mental Health Institute for his own safety, after treatment for bruises. MALISEET MEMORIES— Along the Mohawk Trail in Massachusetts, in this 1925 scene in front of an Indian store, were from left, Andrew Tomah, Sarah Tomah and baby, Theresa Paul, Nelly Paul Tomah, and Louis Sappier |on porch]. In foreground, the children are Wanita Tomah, left, and Joan Tomah. Any Alliance readers recognize these names? We’d like to hear from you. Photos submitted as “flashbacks” will be handled carefully and returned promptly to their owners. news notes BIA refuses new Red Lake treasurer RED LAKE. Minn.— The dismissal of tribal treasurer, Stephanie Hanson, has been declared a violation o f the Red Lake tribal constitution and the Indian Civil Rights Act, by Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) ^regional director Edwin Demery. Hanson’ firing led to weeks o f violence and s destruction on the reservation. Based on guidelines issued by Interior Assistant Secretary Forrest Gerard, Demery has refused to release BIA funds to acting tribal treasurer, Hollis Littlecreek, terming Littlecreek’ appointment "ineffective.” s Demery informed tribal council chairman Roger Jourdain that BIA still recognized Mitchell accepts fishery position WELLSBORO, Pa.— A Penobscot Indian has joined the staff o f Asaph's National Fishery Research and Development Labor atory. He is Christopher B. Mitchell, son of Penobscot Lt. Gov. Edwin and Sadie Mitchell of Indian Island. A former employee at Craig Brook hatchery in East Orland, Mitchell later worked at Tunison Laboratory. Cortland, N.Y. Mitchell is a graduate o f Old Town High and the University of Maine at Orono with a degree in biology. At Asaph, he will investigate habits o f cool water species, such as pike, tiger muskies and salmon. Micmac, Maliseef named to committee ORONO — For the first time. Central Maine Indian Association is represented on the Maine Indian Scholarship Committee. Appointed this month to represent CMIA on the committee were Bridget Woodward of Bangor, a Micmac Indian, and Mary Teresa Paul o f Clifton, a Maliseet Indian. Woodward, who serves on the board of directors o f CMIA, is a former outreach worker for the Orono-based agency. Hanson "as the duly-elected tribal treasurer and will deal with any request for release of funds accordingly." Hanson's husband, Harry, was one o f five tribal members convicted in July o f conspir acy and assault, as leaders o f the takeover of the tribal jail. When his bond was revoked and he was jailed in late July, further gunfire erupted, aimed at BIA police. Tribe gets Canyon acreage WASHINGTON— The Interior Depart ment says a land use plan and a draft environmental impact statement for the addition o f land to the Havasupai Indian Reservation are now available. The Depart ment also announced that public hearings on the land use plan will be held in September. The Grand Canyon National Park En largement Act of 1975 restored to the tribe 185,000 acres o f land on the rim o f the canyon and also designated another 95,000 acres within the Park as a permanent traditional use area of the tribe. This land had been used for about 1.000 years by the Havasupai until about a century ago when land for their reservation was limited to 519 acres at the bottom o f the canyon. Western tribes hire Iranian energy expert Holmes pleaded innocent, Aug. 10, to a charge o f manslaughter. That charge was reduced from a murder charge. Holmes’ plea includes “innocent by reason o f mental disease and defect.” He was being held at Bangor Mental Health institute. Hamilfon-Bartlett w e d INDIAN ISLAND — Doreen C. Hamilton became the bride o f Robert R. Bartlett, in marriage rites Aug. 25, at Indian Island Baptist Church. The Rev. Donald Daigle o f Indian Island married the couple, and a reception followed at the Baptist Church Hall. The bride is an assistant cook at the tribal community building; the groom is director o f recreation for the Penobscots. Both of them attended Old Town High School, and will reside at Indian Island. Flower girls were Onawa Hamilton and Greta Neptune, daughters o f the bride, and ushers were Gregory Neptune, a son o f the bride, and Kirk Francis. Another son, Gary, lives in Bangor. The bride was given away by Gary Neptune Sr. Maid o f honor was Donna Francis; Miles Francis was best man. Doreen is the daughter o f Josephine Ranco Neptune and Melvin Neptune o f East Machias; Robert is the son o f Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Bartlett Sr. of Old Town. Poetry If I Had Known [In memory of David S. Tomer] If I had known what trouble you were bearing. What griefs were in the silence o f your face, I would have been more gentle, and more caring. And tried to give you gladness for a space. I would have brought more warmth into the place. If I had known. If I had known what thoughts despairing drew you, — (Why do we never try to understand?) The Council of Energy Resources I would have lent a little more friendship Tribes (CERT) has turned to the Middle to you. East for expertise, hiring Iran’ former ’And slipped my hand within your hand. s Deputy Minister for Finance and Oil, And made your stay more pleasant in the according to a report in the New York land. Times. "The American Indians are in a If I had known. position comparable to the one the OPEC Mary Carolyn Davies countries w ere in in 1968,” said Ahmed Kooros in a recent interview in CERT’ s This poem was submitted to this newspaper Denver office. One of the functions of Mr. by Gina Newman o f Southwest Harbor, in Kooros will be to arrange financing and memory o f David Tomer, a Penobscot who marketing for various tribal projects to drowned May 17. develop ability to mine and/or develop their own energy resources. The early childhood wing we’ hoping to re have open by early September,” he said. The early childhood program has been conducted in cramped conditions at the Indian Island elementary school, by Laura Massey, a Penobscot. “The office space may be ready sometime after the first of the year. The museum section may not be open until spring or summer,” Akins said, adding tht the tribe is working on a very tight budget. “We’ re going to try to get it completed on about $38,000 (not counting cost o f basic struc ture).” Recently, a group o f interested tribal members formed Penobscot National His torical Society, which will be incorporated as a non-profit organization. Akins said the office space in the new building will probably be occupied by James Sappier, and staff, in charge o f the tribe’ s real estate and demography department, and by a natural resources department, currently being handled by Akins and Timothy Love, another tribal official. No funds from the U.S. Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA) are involved in construction of the building, Akins said. The money will come from education and other tribal budgets, he said. Editor O'Neal wed in riverside rite BUCKSPORT— William B. O’ Neal III, associate editor of Wabanaki Alliance, was married to Anthea R. Goodfellow, in an outdoor ceremony Sunday, July 29, at home. The festive wedding featured music provided by The Northern Border Cale donia bagpipe band, performed on the banks of the Penobscot River, where ceremony, party, and buffet dinner took place. O ’ Neal and his bride w ere joined in matrimony by a member of the band, the Rev. Tony Burkhardt. The party was attended by about 40 friends and relatives, including parents of the groom, and the bride’ son by a s previous marriage, Ian Craven. A student at Maine Maritime Academy, Ian cele brated both the wedding and his 19th birthday. The newlyweds honeymooned this month in Nova Scotia, where they planned to visit both a Scottish music school, and Indian communities. the Alone Chamber— Cries In My Mind I came to my chamber to escape, the sights and sounds o f war My mind like a camera drew a picture, the crudest picture you ever saw When mankind’ journey exceeds the echo, s he reaches his destiny before his time And the things that disturb the picture, I can’ escape the cries in my mind t Tho' I’ tried to pretend it’ just a dream, ve s created by an unknown season But, the facts are true, in their screams, Mankind is past his reason The voices o f children hurry by, and shades o f time cross my eyes I turn on my electric lamp for comfort, but still can’ escape their cries t With pencil and pad I captured these moments, tho’I am in misery o f what I’ found ve But the things that improve the picture. I’ built dties deep under ground ve Y et... .1 pretend it’ just a dream, created s by an unknown season But, the fact is true, in their Screams, Mankind is past his reason. Richard Tompkins Indian Township � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (August 1979) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979-08 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-406 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/5bb9b31d48d22af30fd4ab5cb723bb52.pdf 40eb3e8727248c078ac9cce6bc4075c7 PDF Text Text -7B W 5 8 O( LL: . 9ON PRO.L :RGANI ATION 7 ;OTTAGE ;AID C 2ERRALL9O :RONO 8AINE ABANA I - LLIA N CE ;UBLISHED B 0IOCESAN 4UMAN ELATIONS ER ICES 5NC ABANA I -LLIANCE ' 8AIN TREET :RONO 8AINE " ( August 1980 7AND CLAIMS SEEN CLOSE TO APPRO AL - 4593 :9 HE ) ' MILLION SETTLEMENT OF ;ENOBSCOT ;ASSAMA UODD LAND CLAIMS APPEARS HEADED FOR SWIFT APPRO AL B ONGRESS HE LAND MONE PAC AGE TO UIET TRIBAL CLAIM S TO TWO THIRDS OF 8AINE HAS SUCCESS FULL NA IGATED THE POLITICAL WATERS O F STATE LEGISLATI E ENDORSEMENT AND HAS SAILED THROUGH A ENATE ELECT OMMITTEE ON 5NDIAN -FFAIRS HEARING UL $ HE PROPOSAL IF PASSED WILL ENSURE THE PURCHASE O F "" """ ACRES TO BE DI IDED E ENL BETWEEN THE TWO TRIBES, PLUS ESTABLISHMENT O F A $( MILLION JOINT TRUST FUND ADMINISTERED B THE 0EPARTMENT O F THE 5NTERIOR - 4OUSE OF EPRESENTATI ES HEARING IN ASHINGTON IS SLATED -UG $' AS A COM PANION ACTION WITH THE HEARING HELD B THE ENATE COMMITTEE .ECAUSE THE 4OUSE 5NDIAN -FFAIRS COMMITTEE HAS BEEN ABOL ISHED THE HEARING WILL BE CHAIRED B EP 8ORRIS DALL CHAIRMAN O F THE 5NTERIOR AND 5NSULAR -FFAIRS OMMITTEE 8 EM BERS O F THE JOINT TRIBAL NEGOTIATING TEAM AND THEIR LAW ER HOMAS 9 UREEN HOPE THAT ONGRESS WILL PASS THE CLAIMS AGREEM ENT BEFORE 9O EMBER ELECTIONS WHICH CAST SOM E DOUBT O ER THE FUTURE OF THE PACT SHOULD ;RESIDENT ARTER NOT WIN REFLECTION 5N A CAREFULL WORDED STATEMENT BEFORE THE ENATE COMMITTEE 5NTERIOR ECRETAR ECIL -NDRUS SAID THE -DMINI STRATION SUPPORTED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A $( MILLION TRUST FUND FOR THE 8AINE TRIBES AND WE ALSO DO NO OPPOSE THE ALLOCATION O F NOT MORE THAN ' ' MILLION FOR A LAND AC UISITION FUND TO PURCHASE "" """ ACRES O F A ERAGE 8AINE WOOD LAND ONTINUED ON PAGE 1- ;: HE OLD . 4 ILSON 2ISHERIES PLANT HERE FORMERL OWNED B LI 0ORE WAS DESTRO ED B FIRE - FACTOR WAREHOUSE WAS ALSO DESTRO ED B THE TIRE THAT OCCURRED THE AFTERNOON O F -UG $"TH 0ORE ;ASSAMA UODD LIEUTENANT GO ER NOR AT ;LEASANT ;OINT BOUGHT THE FACTOR IN 8A AND AT THE TIME OF THE FIRE IT WAS BEING CON ERTED INTO A LOBSTER POUND . 0 . 0 , I * 3 B DD ED AEAA D D B G3 3 B D J B3 E3D 3 K 3D 4 D 3D 3B D B DB D D B B D B 3D 3 3G3B A 3 B D 3 3 ADE * 3B 3B D ADE 03 B 3E 3 ADE D B B3 E3D A D A3 3 43 F B E F 3O ERNOR RESIGNS AT ;LEASANT ;OINT 3 3 D 3 B A B 3 3DD * D *D 3 B *D D D B A EB *B 3 3 E3 3 3 F *B *3DD G * D D B 3 D ;71- -9 ;:59 OBERT 9E WELL EMBATTLED GO ERNOR O F THE ;ASSA MA UODD RIBE HERE TOLD ABANA I -LLIANCE HE HAS DECIDED TO RESIGN HIS JOB 9EWELL SAID HE MADE HIS DECISION TO UIT ABOUT A MONTH AGO AND HE DENIED HE WAS PRESSURED OUT OF OFFICE 4 E SAID HE WOULD SEND A LENGTH STATEMENT TO THIS NEWSPAPER BUT IT HAD NOT ARRI ED AT PRESS TIME 7T 3O 3I 0ORE SAID HE HAS NO INTENTION OF LEA ING OFFICE INCE EARLIER THIS EAR 3O ERNOR 9EWELL HALF WA THROUGH HIS FOUR EAR TERM HAS BEEN CRITICI ED B RESER ATION RESIDENTS WHO SA HE IS SIMPL NE ER THERE -PPARENTL 9EWELL IS OFTEN AWA FROM HIS OFFICE ON BUSINESS OR ATTENDING MEETINGS OR CONFERENCES 4E OWNS A LOGGING FIRM 9EWELL AND ONS 8AN PEOPLE JUST THOUGHT THAT HE WASN T ATTENDING TO HIS DUTIES ACCORD ING TO 4ARTLE 9ICHOLAS WHO HOPES TO BE ELECTED TO SUCCEED 9EWELL AS GO ERNOR 9ICHOLAS RESIGNED AS TRIBAL JU DGE TO A OID CONFLICT OF INTEREST HE SAID 5N RECENT WEE S ;LEASANT ;OINT OTERS HA E IRCULATED A PETITION CALLING FOR THE RESIGNATION OF 3O OBERT 9EWELL AND 7T 3O 3I 0ORE - TOTAL O F ' OR F . 4 BD G '' TRIBAL MEMBERS SIGNED THE PETITION - MINIMUM OF '" SIGNATURES ARE RE UIRED UNDER STATE LAW 4ELD AN ELECTION CAUCUS AT WHICH RESIDENTS OTED TO RETURN TO A PRE IOUS TWO EAR TERM FOR GO ERNOR AND LIEUTEN ANT GO ERNOR ET A SPECIAL ELECTION FOR -UG $( AT THE TRIBAL GO ERNMENT BUILDING ;LANNED A MEETING WITH STATE 5NDIAN -FFAIRS OMMISSIONER HARLES ONTINUED ON PAGE " �;FLJ BF FSFPN -QQNFSHJ - L Y! 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ILUQ QWV WKML M NQVIVKQIT IQL PW QVO W QVO IVL 1C 0 N VLQVO FQ P I LMO MM QV I Q^M 0UM QKIV B LQM N WU D2 1M SMTMa aW W W VQ QM I M TQUQ TM 8N aW VMML IVa QVNW UI QWV W QN aW PI^MIVa YLQHQWV TMI M NMMT N MM W KWV IK 2WV IK ?M WV QKPIMT 7QTT"AMK Q M KRNQV MTW 0TM 0TLIa"B LMV 0NNIQcc NNQKM I Q^M 0UM QKIV B LQM &' ( 3 QVMTTM 7ITT DVQ^M Q a W N 2ITQNW VQI 1M SMTMa 1M SMTMa 2ITQNW VQI ,' ' ( )' '( �;AGE ABANAKI ,LLIANCE , G ST )( 49 4,9 4 7,9 2OV ILFRED ;EHR SON RECENTL HOSPITALI ED WITH A SERIO S ILLNESS WILL APPARENTL NOT SEEK ANOTHER TWO EAR TERM IN ;ENOBSCOT 9ATION TRIBAL ELECTIONS EPT ) 1IVE CANDIDATES WERE NOMINATED AT A CA C S THIS MONTH SEEKING GOVERNORSHIP OF THE TRIBE B T ONE HAS WITHDRAWN ,LSO NOMINATED AT THE CA C S WERE CANDIDATES FOR LIE TENANT GOVERNOR AND SCHOOL BOARD OME ' TRIBAL MEMBERS ATTENDED THE CA C S WHICH FOR SEVERAL HO RS INVOLVED A DISC SSION OF R LES AND PROCED RES FOR NOTIF ING OFF RESERVATION ;ENOBSCOTS 9OMINATED B T REPORTEDL NO LONGER R NNING FOR GOVERNOR IS 5OSEPH 5O 5O 1RANCIS A CO NCIL MEMBER EMAINING CANDIDATES ARE 1RANCIS . APIEL CO NCIL MEMBER TRIBAL EMPLO EE 5AMES APPIER ANA 8ITCHELL AND IMOTH 7OVE ALSO A TRIBAL EMPLO EE ,T ONE POINT ,NDREW ,KINS OBJECTED TO R LE WHICH SA S A CANDIDATE M ST BE PRESENT AT THE CA C S TO BE NOMINATED 4 KNOW O F ONE PERSON WHO IS NOT HERE TONIGHT WHO WANTS TO BE NOMINATED HE SAID 4 THINK IF A PERSON IS THAT INTERESTED THE SHO LD BE HERE RESPONDED 0 NICE -A MANN 9ELSON -A MANN 9ELSON MADE A MOTION SECONDED B HER SISTER 8ILDRED ,KINS THAT AN EMPLO EE OF A TRIBAL OFFICE M ST RESIGN IF ELECTED HE MOTION WAS DEFEATED , MOTION B ATIE ,KINS THAT A CANDID ATE M ST RESIGN PRIOR ELECTIVE OFFICE WAS PASSED 1RANCIS APIEL CANDIDATE FOR GOVERNOR INTROD CED A MOTION THAT NO TRIBAL MEMBER SHALL R N FOR OFFICE IF ALREAD HOLDING AN ELECTIVE POST NLESS CANDIDATE RESIGNS S CH POST HE MOTION SECONDED B APIEL S BROTHER AMM WAS DEFEATED 4T WO LD HAVE DIRECTL AFFECTED AT LEAST ONE OF APIEL S OPPONENTS IM 7OVE WHO IS C RRENTL ELECTED REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE TRIBE TO THE STATE 7EGISLAT RE 4N AN ACTION THAT WILL ALLOW CANDIDATES TO CONTACT OFF RESERVATION 4NDIANS 0RNEST 2OSLIN S MOTION TO OPEN THE TRIBE S MAILING LIST TO ALL CANDIDATES WAS PASSED OME 1,0 ,1 . ,. 0 0 PERSONS FEARED CERTAIN CANDIDATES WO LD HAVE AN ADVANTAGE IF THE ONL HAD ACCESS TO THE LIST ,BSENTEE BALLOTS WERE HOTL DEBATED AT THE CA C S WHERE IT WAS FINALL RESOLVED TO NOTIF OFF RESERVATION TRIBAL MEMBERS O F ALL CANDIDATES DATE AND TIME OF ELECTION AND INSTR CTIONS FOR OBTAINING AND RET RNING AN ABSENTEE BALLOT ANA 8ITCHELL CANDIDATE FOR GOVERNOR SAID R LES SHO LD MAKE IT CLEAR BALLOTS SHO LD BE SENT TO TRIBAL CLERK AND SHO LD NOT BE OPENED E CEPT AT PROPER TIME AND PLACE 3E REFERRED TO ALLEGED INCIDENTS IN THE PAST WHERE ABSENTEE BALLOTS WERE IMPROPERL OPENED EANNA 7E-RETTON STOOD P AND OB JECTED SA ING THAT 8ITCHELL WAS WRONG THAT THERE HAD BEEN NO HANK PANK IN THE PAST ELECTION IN WHICH HER FATHER ;EHRSON WON THE ELECTION B A SMALL MARGIN O F VOTES EEKING THE JOB OF LIE TENANT GOVERNOR ARE FORMER GOVERNOR 9ICK APIEL IVIAN 8ASSE AND 4RENE ;ARDILLA 3OPING TO WIN ELECTION TO ONE OF SI CO NCIL SEATS THAT WILL BE VACANT ARE INC MBENTS .LARA 5ENNINGS 0RNEST 2OSLIN AND -ETH OCKBESON ONNA 7ORING EN ;A L 8ARIE ING .HER L NAPP 1RANCIS 8ITCHELL 0 NICE -A MANN 9ELSON 1RANCIS ANCO 1RANCINE 8 RPH EBASTIAN . 1RANCIS 5ERR 1RANCIS AND ATIE ,KINS 8ATTHEW APPIER DECLINED A NOMINATION B 2AR ,TTEAN ANTING TO FILL TWO OPENINGS ON THE SCHOOL BOARD ARE 8ICHAEL ANCO 8ERLENE .O T RIER AND EANNA 7E-RETTON E BEN - TCH ;HILLIPS WAS THE ONL CANDIDATE NOMINATED FOR TRIBAL REPRESENTATIVE TO THE 8AINE 7EGISLAT RE -ALLOT BO TENDERS NAMED WERE MARTHA 7ORING ,LICE 1OWLER -RENDA 7EAVITT -ARBARA 5EAN 1RANCIS OREEN 9EPT NE -ARTLETT HE NAMES OF 0 NICE .ROWLE AND EBRA 8ITCHELL WERE REMOVED BECA SE THE ARE RELATIVES OF CANDIDATES HE CA C S WAS CHAIRED B TRIBAL CO NCIL CHAIRMAN 8ILES 1RANCIS FLANKED B TRIBAL CLERK -LANCHE .ORBETT AND 7T 2OV 0DWIN 8ITCHELL Newell quits post .ONTIN ED FROM PAGE H NARD TO DISC SS LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE PROPOSED ELECTION CHANGES O GHT AN OPINION FROM TRIBAL LAW ER HOMAS 9 REEN WHO WAS REPORTEDL NCERTAIN OF J RISDICTIONAL ASPECTS THAT IS WHETHER STATE OR FEDERAL REG LATIONS APPL TO THE RESERVATION HERE IS SOME ESTION ABO T WHOSE LAWS APPL ON THE RESERVATION IN VIEW OF CO RT DECISIONS ESTABLISHING FEDERAL CRIMINAL J RISDICTION - T THOSE DECI SIONS HAVE LEFT A VOID IN OTHER AREAS FORMERL FILLED B THE BL E BOOK THE STATE S LAWS FOR 4NDIANS ;70, ,9 ;:49 7T 2OV .LIV ORE OF THE ;ASSAMA ODD TRIBE WILL RETAIN HIS JOB ABANAKI ,LLIANCE LEARNED AS THIS ISS E WENT TO PRESS THAT A REFEREND M VOTE THIS MONTH FAILED TO NSEAT THE TRIBAL OFFICIAL HE VOTE WAS #( () IN FAVOR OF KEEPING ORE IN THE POSITION OF LIE TENANT GOVERNOR ORE INDICATED HE WAS PLEASED WITH THE O TCOME OF EFFORTS TO O ST HIM RIBAL 2OV OBERT 9EWELL HAS RE SIGNED EFFECTIVE EPT 7IE TENANT 2OVERNOR ORE NDER PRESS RE TO LEAVE OFFICE ALONG WITH 9EWELL SAID HE HAS ABSOL TEL NO PLANS TO RESIGN 3E TOLD ABANAKI ,LLIANCE HE WILL FIGHT FOR HIS JOB AND THAT HE BE LIEVES METHODS BEING EM PLO ED AGAINST HIM ARE ILLEGAL ;70, ,9 ;:49 :FF RESERVATION ;ASSAMA ODD TRIBAL MEMBERS WILL NOT BE ABLE TO VOTE HERE NE T MONTH IN SCHED LED TRIBAL ELECTIONS HERE EPT # HAT IS THE REPORTED RES LT O F A VOTE AT AN ELECTION CA C S HERE WHICH INCL DED ANOTHER RADICAL ACTION THE CA C S DECIDED TO RET RN TO A TWO EAR TERM FOR GOVERNOR AND LIE TENANT GOVERNOR O F THE TRIBE HOSE TRIBAL MEMBERS ATTENDING THIS MONTH S CA C S APPARENTL CONCL DED THAT OFF RESERVATION 4NDIANS BELONGING TO THE TRIBE SHO LD NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE IN REG LAR ELECTIONS FOR TRIBAL GOVERNMENT JOBS 4N ANOTHER SWEEPING ACTION THE LEGAL IT O F WHICH IS IN ESTION AND WAS BEING REVIEWED AT PRESS TIME B LAW ER HOMAS 9 REEN THE CA C S VOTED TO RET RN TRIBAL ELECTIONS TO A BIENNIAL BASIS RATHER THAN THE NEWL INSTIT TED FO R EAR TERM NOW HALFWA OVER 7EGALIT ASIDE 2OV OBERT 9EWELL HAS NOFFICIALL SAID HE HAS DECIDED TO RESIGN SEE BO ED STOR IN THIS ISS E 3E SAID HE MADE THE DECISION ABO T A MONTH AGO 3E ADDED THAT HE DOES NOT REGRET THE DECI SION AND WILL BE CIRC LATING A STATEMENT OF HIS REASONS TO EVER HO SEHOLD ON THE RESERVATION SOON 9EWELL OPERATES A LO G GIN G B SINESS .ANDIDATES NOMINATED AT THE CA C S TO REPLACE 9EWELL ARE TRIBAL J DGE 5 3ARTLE 9ICHOLAS AND EANNA 1RANCIS :THER CONTENDERS NOT NOMINATED WERE ;ETER -AILE AND 8A WELL .HICK -ARNES 7T 2OV .LIV ORE TOLD ABANAKI ,L LIANCE HE HAS NO INTENTION O F BEING RE PLACED AND THAT SWITCHING TO THE TWO EAR S STEM WITHO T PROPER PROCED RES IS ILLEGAL 9EVERTHELESS TWO CANDIDATES FOR THE POSITION OF LIE TENANT GOVERNOR WERE NOMINATED THE ARE ALPH ANA AND A MOND 8 OORE R 4RONICALL ORE CHAIRED THE CA C S HELD AT THE TRIBAL B ILDING . 0 , ,1 GOVERNOR Oil, gas, coal, gypsum, timber and the skill to manage them. 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OF THE ASSAMA UODDY TRIBE ARE RECALLED IN THIS EARLY PHOTO OF THREE 2NDIAN GIRLS WEARING APPROPRIATE DRESSES BEADS AND FEATHERS HOTO LENT BY HILOMENE -ANA OF 2NDIAN OWNSHIP HE CANDIDATE WHO GETS THINGS DONE RGANI ATIONS( PENOBSCOT 2NDIAN 7ATION 1OUSING UTHORITY ,HAIRMAN 7, 2 7ATIONAL ,ONGRESS OF MERICAN 2NDIANS /:, 2 / /EDERAL :EGIONAL ,OUNCIL 2NDIAN ASK /ORCE 7 , 7ATIONAL RIBAL ,HAIRMEN S SSOCIATION -2 -EPARTMENT O F 2NDIAN FFAIRS 7 ,2. 7ATIONAL DVISORY ,OUNCIL ON 2NDIAN .DUCATION 02 RIBAL 0OVERNORS 2NC ,IVIL :IGHTS ,OMMISSION 2 AINE 2NDIAN RANSPORTATION SSOCIATION ,. ,OMPREHENSIVE .MPLOYMENT AND RAINING CT ,/7 ,OMMUNITY /OOD AND 7UTRITION ROGRAM EALS FOR .LDERLY CHOLARSHIPS /ORD /ELLOWSHIP 5EADERSHIP -EVELOPMENT ROGRAM /EDERAL! TATE! RIBAL :ELATIONS FF RESERVATION 2NDIANS /EDERAL TATE 5EGISLATION ND O /ORTH 9 . 1 .8 . 1. ! .8 ! 08 1 . ACKGROUND AND . PERIENCE( RIBAL 5AWS AND RDINANCES -EVELOPMENT AND PPLICATION TATE 5AWS AND /EDERAL 5AWS -EVELOPMENT AND PPLICATION :ULES AND :EGULATIONS -EVELOPMENT AND PPLICATION ,OMPREHENSIVE LANS LANNING AND OLICIES UDGETING AND /INANCE ?RITING AND :EPORTING .VALUATIONS AND ONITORING DMINISTRATION AND ANAGEMENT 0RIEVANCES AND PPEALS 1EARINGS AND EETINGS ,OORDINATION AND 2MPLEMENTATION RIBAL 7EGOTIATING ,OMMITTEE RGANI ATIONS AID FOR BY THE ,OMMITTEE TO .LECT 3AMES APPIER � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (August 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Indian Resource Center Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Passamaquoddy Cultural Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-08 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donald Soctomah Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Steve Cartwright. Used with permission. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-447 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/d76c4527e3e5a4c99b2ac95c27dbb71f.pdf 5844220583dd400c9638862f15eb14a9 PDF Text Text A L b Uw v - ' U I »M o7 llO . , ■ • • Third anniversary issue Wabanaki A llia n ce Published by Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473. Non-proBl Organization L .S. Pottage Paid 3.1c ’ FerrallNo. 1 4 Orono, Maine 4 0 * August 1980 Land claims seen close to approval WASHINGTON — The $81.5 million settlement of Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims appears headed for swift approval by Congress. The land-money package to quiet tribal claim s to two thirds of Maine has success­ fully navigated the political waters o f state legislative endorsement, and has sailed through a Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs hearing, July 1-2. The proposal if passed will ensure the purchase o f 300,000 acres, to be divided evenly between” the two tribes; plus establishment o f a $27 million joint trust fund administered by the U.S. Department o f the Interior. A House of Representatives hearing in Washington is slated Aug. 25, as a com ­ panion action with the hearing held by the Senate committee. Because the House Indian Affairs committee has been abol­ ished. the hearing will be chaired by Rep. Morris Udall. chairman o f the Interior and Insular Affairs Committee. M em bers o f the joint tribal negotiating team, and their lawyer, Thomas N. Tureen, hope that Congress will pass the claims agreem ent before November elections, which cast som e doubt over the future of the pact, should President Carter not win reflection. In a carefully worded statement before the Senate committee, U.S. Interior Secretary Cecil Andrus said the Admini­ stration “ supported”the establishment of a $27 million- trust fund for the Maine tribes and “ we also do no oppose the allocation o f not more than $54.5 million for a land acquisition fund to purchase 300,000 acres o f average Maine wood­ land." ■ , ,, (Continued on page 4) Fire guts cannery EASTPORT — The old B.H. Wilson Fisheries plant here, formerly owned by Cliv Dore, was destroyed by fire. A factory warehouse was also destroyed by the tire that occurred the afternoon o f Aug. 20th. Dore, Passamaquoddy lieutenant gover­ nor at Pleasant Point, bought the factory in May and at the time of the fire it was being converted into a lobster pound. FIRST GRADUATION — Melissa LeBretton, clutching puppy in one in the other, was among first “ graduating class” Penobscot Nation, Indian at care center. At right, center director Kate Nelligan awards diplomas. In background, from left, Neana Neptune, M argaret Neptune, Becky Taylor, Pauline Love, Evelyn Akins and Josie Neptune. See other graduation photo page 3. Governor resigns at Pleasant Point Penobscot pageantry Pageant dancers pose in front of teepee during annual Indian Island event. From left, Nicole and Patti Mitchell, children of Mr. and Mrs. Matthew Mitchell, and Jimmy Mitchell, son of Valerie Mitchell. PLEASANT POINT — Robert Ne­ well. embattled governor o f the Passa­ maquoddy Tribe here, told Wabanaki Alliance he has decided to resign his job. Newell said he made his decision to quit about a month ago, and he denied he was pressured out of office. H e said he would send a lengthy statement to this newspaper, but it had not arrived at press time. Lt. Gov. Giv Dore said he has no intention of leaving office. Since earlier this year. Governor Newell, half way through his four year term, has been criticized by reservation residents who say he is simply “ never there.” Apparently, Newell is often away from his office on business, or attending meetings or conferences. He owns a logging firm, Newell and Sons. Many people “ just thought that he wasn't attending to his duties,”accord­ ing to J. Hartley Nicholas, who hopes to be elected to succeed Newell as gov­ ernor. (Nicholas resigned as tribal ju dge to avoid conflict of interest, he said.) In recent weeks Pleasant Point voters have: — Circulated a petition calling for the resignation of Gov. Robert Newell and Lt. Gov. Giv Dore. A total o f 54 or Gov. Robert Newell 55 tribal members signed the petition. A minimum of 50 signatures are re­ quired under state law. —Held an election caucus at which residents voted to return to a previous two-year term for governor and lieuten­ ant governor. — Set a special election for Aug. 27, at the tribal government building. — Planned a meeting with state Indian Affairs Commissioner Charles (Continued on page 10) �Page 2 Wabanaki Alliance August 1980 editorials Right to vote Indians, who in Maine were not fully enfranchised until the 1950’ ought to know the meaning of being able to vote. s, That is why it is gratifying that Penobscots are making a deter­ mined effort to inform off-reservation tribal members of upcoming elections, the full slate of candidates, how to obtain a ballot, and how to vote and be counted. However, a different story comes from Pleasant Point, where offreservation Passamaquoddies seem to be systematically excluded from the elective process in tribal government. There, in a caucus this month prior to tribal elections, a vote was taken to exclude offreservation Indians. Whether any off-reservation tribal members s knew of the vote, or even of the caucus, is not known. It’doubtful they were told of a vote to exclude their particiaption in decision­ making. Rather than bringing people together, this vote against offres,ervation Indians is bound to divide the tribe. It is ironic that with prejudice and exclusion in white society, Indians feel it necessary to exclude a portion of their own people. The argument that off-reservation Indians should not have a say in tribal government because they don’live “ t on”the reservation is simply not fair. A tribal member is a tribal member. What if a Passamaquoddy is in the Navy; must he not vote? What if a Passamaquoddy student is away at school; should she be disenfranchised back home? Many on-reservation Indians have only recently returned to Pleasant Point. Some of them never lived at Pleasant Point before. They should know better than to fence out their brothers and sisters. This matter should be cleared up at once, with the right to vote restored to all members of the tribe. The experiment The Experiment is working, we believe. Last March, Wabanaki Alliance switched from free circulation to a paid list of subscribers. Many individuals, groups and organizations have taken out sub­ scriptions. The hard figures are as follows: on a free basis, circulation peaked at around 3,000 although some of the papers were dead­ ending, and others were doubling up at the same address. This month, we approach 700 subscriptions, all of them paid or on an exchange basis with other publications. W e’ pleased at the first 700, but there’ still a long way to go. re s If you are reading this and have not yet subscribed, do so now. To share news in an effective, meaningful way, we need to know we are reaching a substantial number of people — both inside and outside the Indian community. As readers can see from the letters page, people continue to be impressed with the paper, and nobody has found subscription rates insurmountable. This summer, a Passamaquoddy student is doing her best to build up the mailing list, and increase advertising in W ab anaki Alliance. At this writing, she was calling libraries across the state to see if they already received the paper, or if not, would they wish to subscribe. Many have said yes, a few offer unusual answers. The Norway librarian said she personally favors the paper, but her board vetoed subscriptions because the paper is biased. A branch librarian in South Portland said the subject is covered adequately by other publications. We don’buy either of these reasons for not subscribing. We t hope you don’either, and we ask you to ask your relatives and t friends to subscribe. This is you paper, you can be part of it. This issue marks the third anniversary of publication. AROOSTOOK TRANQUILITY is captured in this photo by Donald Sanipass, a Micmac who lives in Mapleton. Indian Prayer 0 great Spirit, whose voice I hear in the winds, and whose breath gives life to all the world, hear me! 1 am small and weak; I need your strength and wisdom, Let m e walk in beauty, and make my eyes ever behold the red and purple sunset. Make my hands respect the things you have made and my ears sharp to hear your voice. Make me w ise so that I may understand the things you have taught my people. Let m e learn the lessons you have hidden in every leaf and rock. I seek strength, not to be greater than my brother, but to.fight my greatest enemy — Myself. Make m e always ready to come to you with clean hands and straight eyes. So when life fades, as the fading sunset, may my spirit com e to you without shame. Quotable 1The Black Hills are not for sale. If we accept the settlement, we ‘ will have traded the future of our people for a few rusty old cars and a few good drunks.’ ’ Elijah Whirlwind Horse Oglala Sioux chairman Wabanaki Alliance Vol. 4, No. 8 August 1980 Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Orono Times. Printed by Ellsworth American. Member — Maine Press Association Steven Cartwright, Editor Elizabeth S. Warner, Layout Reporters Indian Island Houlton Pleasant Point Indian Township Phone 827-4543 Phone 532-7317 Phone 853-4654 Phone 796-2301 Tina M. Farrenkopf, Circulation Manager DIS Board of Directors Jean Chavaree |chairman] Carroll Stevens, Central Maine Indian Assoc. Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director Jeannette LaPiante. Central Maine Indian Assoc. Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians Indian Island Orrington Indian Island Indian Township Old Town Houlton DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri­ butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; S6 Canada and overseas; § 0 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.] 1 �Wabanaki Alliance August 1980 Page 3 letters Lost without paper Petersburg, VA. To the editor: I have received your letter and sub­ scription form. I wish to continue to receive your paper. As a federal prisoner, I will send the required amount as soon as I can get the caseworker to O.K. the money order. If not. I ’ have one of my people to order it ll for me. (Sending the money to you.) I am lost without your paper. Thank you, and may the Great Spirit help and guide you all in reaching all the people. Marion A. Highbull Studying Aroostook Middletown, CT. To the editors: I am currently at Wesleyan University in Middletown, CT., and conducting research in The Houlton area with anthropologist Jim Wherry o f the Association of Aroo­ stook Indians. I would very much like to receive the “ Alliance,” and I hope $5.00 will cover the subscription rate for a year. Robert Cleaves Parting note Avon, Ct. New Hampshire help Hudson, N.H. To the editor: I have been receiving the paper and am very happy with the news printed therein. Enclosed is a new subscription I have picked up for you. Keep up the good work and much success to you all. George E. Howe Keep 'em coming Bristol, CT. To the editor: Thank you for sending me all these newspapers. The one o f my Uncle Pat I really appreciate, because it is the only one I wHl have to remember him and Isabelle by. Keep those papers coming. Judy Cote Educated Indian New York City To the editor: When I came to Indian Island, the Health and Social Services Department was just beginning. The clinical equip­ ment was in crates, and the instru­ ments didn’ arrive until much later. t Getting the dental clinic set-up and running was my first job after gradu­ ating from dental school. W e all learned from that experience. I learned a great deal about people and a different culture, from you; and you learned what dentistry had to offer, from me. In the two years I worked on the Island, there were good days and bad days. The Penobscots are growing very fast, and there are problems attached to that rapid growth. I think that you need to unify and then your community will become healthy. It is difficult to forget the wrongs that have been done to us, but it is healthier to concentrate on our present and future goals. I hope you will all w elcom e the new dentist. Dr. Fenn Welch and his wife. In talking with him, I sensed that he cares about other people. You are all a very real part of my life and I am proud and happy to have served you for two years. Steve Cart­ wright asked me to write a farewell to you. Farewell seem s too final. I would rather say, “ Until we meet again.” Stuart V. Corso To the editor: Re: your editorial in the July issue “ The Neo Indians” (also known as the “ Wash­ ington Redskins” I couldn’ agree more! ) t Yet here am I, a part-Penobscot, the third generation away from the Reservation, and I have just acquired a college degree. What am I supposed to do? Drop dead? Is there no place for me in the lndian world? Tampa, Fla. As a matter of fact, although I am a so-called “ educated Indian,” I find that I To the editor: am increasingly drawn to the Traditionalist I would like to thank each and every one viewpoint, that the salvation of the Indian on the Penobscot reservation, Indian people is aretum to the “ ways,”i.e., a old Island, for being wonderful friends that return to the land, subsistence agriculture, made my stay so complete, while visiting and an attempt to break the chains that with my sister-in-law, Diane Newell Wil­ bind us to white “ consumerism.” The National Association of Metis son, and brother Howard Wilson. Juanita Smith Indians is an organization o f Part-Indians who wish to identify with their Indian heritage. If you are part-Indian and you Lewiston feel as we do, we w elcom e you to our ranks. Write: National Association of Metis To the editor: Indians, New York City Chapter, 150 West I do love reading that paper and will 96th Street, Apt 11-B, New York, NY hope to keep on reading it. I am proud to be 10025. an Indian. Charley Colcord Evelyn St. Pierre A thankyou Proud to be Indian Shy ceremony Joanie Albert of Indian Island day care center hands diploma to a bashful Darren Paul, while Matt O’ Donnell, day care teacher, plays music and Ruby Nicola looks on. Claims: n otes & com m en t WASHINGTON — Congressional hearings are not supposed to b e enter­ taining, but last month’ Senate Com ­ s mittee on Indian Affairs session had a little drama here and there. For one, it pitted brother against brother in several instances. Neil Phil­ lips is an articulate, outspoken op­ ponent o f the current negotiated settle­ ment. His brother Reuben (Butch) Phillips, is an equally articulate spokes­ man for the tribal negotiating commit­ tee which is pushing the compromise settlement of the 12.5 million acre claim. Both brothers are off-reservation Penobscots, at least for the time being, and both remain on friendly terms, with som e joshing to ease the tension. Then there is Penobscot Gov. Wilfred (Wally) Pehrson, who is supported by his half-brother Francis C. (Flapper) Sapiel, member of the negotiating committee. But SapieTs brother, John (Sammy) Sapiel, is aligned with Neil Phillips and the opposition. Both Sapiels, like their Phillips counterparts, are good-humored and friendly about their rival positions. Francis Sapiel lives at Indian Island and is running for tribal governor; Sammy Sapiel lives and works in Boston. One o f the liveliest moments of the two-day hearing occurred when Senator George Mitchell got in a spat with Pierre Redmond, 21, leader of a petition drive, against the settlement, that sought a referendum (it failed). Red­ mond had just stated he and his fol­ lowers would continue to fight the settlement. Mitchell: (to Redmond) “ You say even if Indians win, no court is going to enforce (the settlement). What does that say about justice to the American people? What you’ saying is: let’ let re s the court decide if it agrees with me. “ What you’ saying is, that if they re go to court and win, they (Indians) can’ t win anyway. Doesn’that fundamental t contradiction bother you? ’ ’ REDMOND: “ You do not under­ stand . . . ” But Mitchell wasn’ about to change t his tune. He continued to skewer Red­ mond, who unfortunately for himself, had use the phrase “ spectre o f vio­ lence.” Mitchell accused Redmond of raising that spectre. Mitchell wasn’through yet. He told t Redmond that he was “ obviously an articulate young man” with a promising future, but he had “ same obligation the to uphold equal justice as rests on Senator Cohen, myself, and Senator Redmond (State Sen. Andrew Red­ mond. Pierre’father).” s — Steve Cartwright Pierre Redmond, standing, and his father, Andrew, with map of Maine, as they testified before Senate committee against Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims pact. �Page 4 Wabanaki Alliance August 1980 Congress may act soon on settlement (Continued from page 1 ) stipulate com plete and final dismissal of Penpbscot-Passamaquoddy claims. Committee member Senator Mark O. Hatfield o f Oregon wondered why the federal government must resolve a pro­ blem in the state of Maine. “ The truly unclean hands are the federal hands?" he asked. “ is my view that a Congressional It resolution . . . would be in the best inter­ ests o f the country.” .Andrus said. “ The proposed 581.5 million is substantially higher than the administration projected." but overall, he said, “ do not object.” we Cohen questioned the roughly $185 per acre price set on land to be purchased from large Maine landholders, noting that at first the quoted price was SI 1 per acre. 2 “ Look at the inflation." Andrus replied, as an explanation of increases since a 1977 proposal to resolve the claims. Andrus, echoing an argument often stated by tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, said “ have been told the glue might we com e apart if it’tampered with.” s Expressing sympathy for the state, Andrus said that as a former governor him­ self. he understands the state’ position. s “ The state o f Maine has contributed to her Indian citizens in the past, and will again contribute.” Andrus noted that the S81.5 million total agreed to by the State and the tribes was substantially higher than any amount previously supported by the Admini­ stration. but indicated that the Administra­ tion would accept it because the “ problem has such a large effect on people." Andrus did say that there were “ two major issues on which further discussion is needed." These were the “ total level o f funding” — not the 581.5 million, but additional hidden costs to the Federal Government, and the “ intergovernmental relationship among the tribes, the State and the Federal Government.” Cohen surprised Senator William S. Cohen of Maine, who serves on the Senate Select Committee, and chaired the recent two-day hearing, told Wabanaki Alliance in Washington that he was “ surprised”at Andrus’ criticisms. He said minor admendments to the claims legislation would likely be introduced, but he expected the tribes to g o along with them. Cohen was an outspoken opponent of Indian land claims in Maine, and at one time co-sponsored legislation, later with­ drawn, to extinguish the PenobscotPassamaquoddy claim. His colleague. Senator George Mitchell, is seen as sympathetic to the Indians’ cause. He recently was named senator replacing Edmund S. Muskie, currently Secretary of State. Mitchell co-chaired the Senate hearings last month. Senator Cohen introduced a bill June 13 to settle the claims of Maine Indians to som e 12 million acres o f land in the state. The bill, if enacted, would give the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot Tribes (and the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians) $54.5 million to purchase 300,000 acres o f forest land and $27 million trust fund. According to Cohen, Maine will continue to exercise broad civil and criminal juris­ diction over the land, although the Indian tribes will be empowered to pass hunting and fishing ordinances which will bind Indians and non-Indians alike. The Maliseets would receive 5,000 acres of land from the 300,000 as their portion of the settlement. Cohen said o f the proposed settlement, which would extinguish all Indian claims to title and/or damages, “ The purpose o f this legislation is far reaching and its elements are likely to inspire legitimate inquiry and discussion.” Rep. David Emery, and colleague Rep. Olympia Snowe, both previously opposed to the claims, were at press time advocating federal approval of the pack­ age. Emery predicts favorable House and Senate votes before the end of C ongress’ s current session, in October. Snowe commented the settlement “ has a fairly good chance. I support resolving it. I think the people of Maine would like to get it behind them.” Emery and Snowe have followed Co­ hen’action, and have introduced the same s bill into the House as Cohen brought to the Senate. ‘ Shrouded in ambiguity’ Cohen’introductory remarks at the first s day of hearings on the Maine Indian claims Skitikuk ^ 7 ^ Outfitters Specialists in wilderness travel. Sales - Rentals - Guide Service Home of Igas Island custom-made packs and equipment 38 M ain St. O ron o 866-4878 PREPARING TO TESTIFY for the land claims settlement, at Senate committee hearing in Washington, are negotiating team m em bers James Sappier, left, Beth Sockbeson and Gov. Wilfred Pehrson of the Penobscot Nation. act included reference to his doubts about the basis of the claim, the 1790 Nonintercourse Act — which says Con­ gress must approve all land transactions with tribes. Congress did not approve taking o f land from Maine Indians, but Cohen said the Act was “ rarely applied to Indians of the east,”even though he described it as the “ cornerstone of federal Indian policy.” Cohen said a negotiated settlement is preferable to the “ distastefulness” of suing private citizens in Maine, but added the “ settlement has prompted many legiti­ mate questions.” Senator Mitchell said “ is essential that it the proposed legislation be subjected to public scrutiny." During testimony on the settlement proposal, Andrus assured the committee “ we are not on the outside looking in,” SUBSTANCE ABUSE COUNSELOR Wabanaki Corporation is seeking a Substance Abuse Counselor to work in the native American environment at Indian Island, Old Town. The posi­ tion requires experience and train­ ing. Education and ethenic background will be a definite plus, experience in working with the school population is an asset. Send resume to Steve Francis, Wabanaki Corp., 93 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. although he admitted, “ all honesty, I in have to say there was this three month period when our (involvement in negotia­ tions) was curtailed.” Andrus said the settlement if passed will Longley’editorial s Senator Mitchell, emphasizing that legislation should completely extinguish claims, asked that a Bangor Daily News editorial to that effect, printed March 28, plus a guest editorial April 1 by former . Gov. James B. Longley, be read into the (Continued on page 5) PENOBSCOT INDIAN NATION TRIBAL MEMBERS ONLY TRIBAL LAND FOR SALE (Orson Island — Island #12) Lot 104 Western Orson Island bordering on the Railroad-right-of-way Total Area o f Lot — Full Title............. Asking p r ic e ................... 12Vi acres $2,084 or best offer Lot 74 Northwestern Orson Island — On the shore and bordering on the Railroad right-of way. A one-third interest in Common and undivided. 12 acres Total area o f L ot........................ One third o f to ta l............... Asking price for one third interest......... ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ A one-third interest in Com m on and undivided in the following In Northern Orson Island — 10.15 acres Lot 9 ................... Lot 11 ..................... Lot 9 4 ..................... Lot 9 7 ................... Total area o f these four lots — 47.15 acres. One third of 47.15 is 15.71 acres. Asking price for one third interest — $2,475 or best offer. ★ BILINGUAL PROGRAM DIRECTOR Must have Bilingual Certification and the ability to adapt concepts to Passamaquoddy Indian Language in a K-8 School System or will consider a person with a Bachelor’ s D egree in Elementary Education who speaks Passamaquoddy or a related Indian Language. For an application write: Maine Indian Education P.O. B o x 412 Calais, Maine 04619 Telephone: 207-454-2126 An Equal Opportunity Employer Indian Preference ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ A one-third interest in Com m on and undivided in Twin Islands Islands #22 and #23 located West of and between Orson Island and Eber’Point. s Total A rea ....................... One third o f 27.33 is ........ _......... Asking price for one third interest i s ............ 9.11 acres $1,260 or best offer Owners reserve right to reject any and all bids, or offers. Interested parties should submit bids to the Department of Real Estate and Demography Penobscot Indian Nation, Indian Island. Old Town. Maine 04468. Before 10/1/80. ATTENTION: James Sappier or Glenn Starbird ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ �Wabanaki Alliance August 1980 Page 5 Senate panel hears both sides at hearings increase; the tribes appear to be exempt from hunting and fishing regulations. Andrew Redmond said that “ although Indians are good citizens I see the proba­ bility of increased activism in the future.” He complained the settlement was “ brought into the state legislature at the Brennan defends Maine eleventh hour. ’ ’ Pierre Redmond quoted Congressman Gov. Joseph Brennan argued on behalf Emery, who has said “ we want to know of his state, saying the federal government what the people of Maine want and we must be responsible for settling the land want this settled to their satisfaction.” claims. “ is as if our family has been It Redmond announced for the first time he taking care of itself without any help from had obtained 12,000 signatures, far short outside." he said, adding that "past . of the 37.000 needed to initiate a refer­ voluntary assistance to the Indians should endum. be considered sufficient contribution.” Redmond cited a Portland television Brennan, borrowing a phrase from his survey which found 515 favored a referen­ predecessor Longley. said ‘ could never we dum. while 235 opposed it. He also men­ have a nation within a nation" in Maine. tioned a University of Maine, Social He stressed that tribes will be treated as Science Research Institute poll, the results “ municipalities.” of which were published in the Bangor For years Brennan, as state attorney Daily News. general, maintained Indians did not have a Senator Cohen pointed out the latter valid claim. But at the hearing he said "a survey showed less than 50 percent moderate, responsible settlement is in the supported a referendum on the claims. best interests of the people o f Maine,”and Pierre Redmond maintains the Noninter­ that it would give ‘ ‘ self-respect and dignity course Act applies to the w est only. “ Are for the Indian people.” you and I to be punished by today’ Indians s State Atty. Gen. Richard Cohen com­ for our ancestors, or som eone else’ s mented. "som e of the Indians are not ancestors?”Redmond asked. happy with it. Some of the non-Indians are The younger Redmond (age 21) said he not happy with it. wants the case to go to court, but he "The state of Maine is not simply wash­ warned of trouble if the court ruled un­ ing its hands of Indians either legally, U.S. Senator William S. Cohen, center, listens to Maine Attv. Gen. Richard Cohen, back favorably. Mitchell criticized him for this financially or morally." (see boxed story). (Continued on page 8) to camera, while Senator George J. Mitchell, right, review s notes, at hearing on Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims. Maliseets could lose land (Continued from page 4) , official record of the hearing. Longley, who died this month, was a longtime opponent of any special status for Indians what­ soever. The issue of Maliseets, who are to receive 5,000 acres from the total 300,000 to be purchased, was raised in a question by Cohen as to whether those Aroostook County Indians were federally recognized. Andrus said Maliseets are not federally recognized. Apparently, if Maliseets fail to make payments in lieu o f county taxes, they could lose their land to the Penobscots and Passamaquoddies. Cohen stated that Maliseets were not immune from foreclosure. Senator Cohen asked if the Maliseet claim to land wasn't “ thin or marginal at best.” while the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy claim was much stronger. Attorney General Cohen said “ that is correct." At one point in testimony, Indian Town­ ship Passamaquoddy Lt. Gov. Carl Nicho­ las said “ support the maliseets.” we Attorney General Cohen was asked why Maliseets are part of the settlement. He acknowledged, “ they could, you know, I suppose, cause extended controversy.” Mitchell said the 300.000 acre figure was arrived at. "and then the Penobscots and Passamaquoddies agreed independently to make available to the Maliseets 5,000 acres of land.” Senator Cohen grilled the Attorney General with a few questions about the settlement, including suggesting that Congress may want to amend the proposal. " I realize it won't just be rubber stamp­ ed,”the Attorney General said. Tribesmen speak out When the tribes’turn came to make formal presentations, land claims negotiat­ ing team chairman Andrew Akins told Senator Cohen he would hear Indians speak for and against the settlement. Akins said he had “ problem”with opposition, no “ that’their right.” s Cohen responded, “ want to make it I clear we are allowing as many people as possible to testify both in support and in opposition. What is indispensable, what is your bottom line?”he asked Akins. ‘ ‘ Three hundred thousand acres and $27 million,”Akins replied. What if the amounts were reduced, Cohen asked. “ e’ reject it,”Akins said. W d Gov. Wilfred Pehrson o f the Penobscot Nation said “ ve lived with the land claims I’ a long time. I’ glad they will finally be m over. Our feelings run deep because of the way our people have been kicked around.” Senator Cohen asked tribal lawyer Tureen if Indians like the settlement. " W e ’ not entirely happy with it, but re that’what a compromise is,”Tureen said. s He called the case “ peculiar” and “ unique,” and argued it would not set a precedent for other land claims cases across the country. Cohen referred to objections to the settlement as a "sell-out,”made by Robert (Tim) Coulter o f Indian Law Resource Center. Should the settlement be reviewed in light of recent supreme court decisions, as Coulter argued? “ No, we negotiated in good faith,” Tureen said. Senator Mitchell asked what would happen if the settlement fails. Tureen said the tribes will go to court, and he predicts six to ten years o f litigation in that event. Perkins urges sale Donald Perkins of Portland, lawyer for major Maine landowners, denied that sale o f 300,000 acres to Indians would result in a $15 million loss of tax revenue. Perkins said the “ tax is avoided only if he (the landowner) replaces his land.” The sale o f lands should be completed swiftly, Perkins said, explaining “ the sub­ stantial reason for the sale at this time is inflation and competing opportunities.” Senator Mitchell wanted to know if the precise 300,000 acres had been optioned. Perkins said not yet. Claims ‘ wholly invalid ’ The father-son team that opposes the settlement had their say. State Sen. Andrew Redmond of Madison, and son Pierre, gathered signatures in an attempt to have a referendum on the land claims — in hopes of defeating the legislation. Senator Redmond was a member of a state joint select legislative committee dealing with the settlement; son Pierre led the petition drive. Said Pierre, the “ claims are wholly invalid.” Pierre Redmond has form ed a committee which includes his father, and Ellsworth American publisher J. Russell Wiggins, former ambassador to the United Nations. He said Donald Perkins represents a powerful elite; racial tensions are apt to COMMERCIAL VOTE FOR 7Lnn(Irene Ranco) ‘P a p illa Lieutenant Governor of the Penobscot Nation • 7years experience in Civil Service 1 • years in tribal finance department 4 • years serving on school board, 4 one year as chairman o f the board •Consultant to Development Associates, Washington, D.C. •Consultant for contracts to MIT A (Maine Indian Transportation ASSOC.) •Mother o f six children DEDICATED TO COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION Paid for by the candidate RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL H |"Sockbeson & Son B U IL D E R S PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS O pportunity. Wabanaki Alliance, Maine’ only s Indian newspaper, now offers advertising at reasonable rates. Take advantage of an opportunity to reach about 3.500 readers — most of them Indian persons — through a display advertisement o f your choice. Call or write us for rates and other information. WABANAKI ALLIANCE 95 Main St. Orono, Maine 04473 Tel. [207] 866-4903 CUSTOM BUILT HOMES/RENOVATIONS CONCRETE WORK/MASONRY FINISH & ROUGH CARPENTRY GENERAL CONTRACTING/SUB-CONTRACTING 942-6630 947-4163 One Merchants Plaza - Bangor �Page 6 Wabanaki Alliance August 1980 Field day a INDIAN ISLAND — A four mile foot race in honor of Olympic marathoner Andrew Sockalexis highlighted an activitypacked field day here, July 5, sponsored by the Indian Island Bingo Committee, track club and recreation department. The sunny, pleasantly warm day played host to a variety o f events, from champion­ ship cribbage playoffs, to a blueberry pie eating contest that brought much mirth, and perhaps a few aching stomachs. ON YOUR MARK — Runners of all sizes ge t ready for Indian Island field day foot race. Alison Sapiel balances with soda, while Jay Ken from Indian Island field day, July 5. Race results INDIAN ISLAND — Michael Ranco, Penobscot Nation track coach, announced winners of the Andrew Sockalexis M emo­ rial 4.0 mile race, held at a July field day here. On July 5th, the Andrew Sockalexis Track Club sponsored a 4.0 mile road race. The trophy winners were: 10 and under, boys and girls — Chris Ranco and Greta Neptune of Indian Island; 11-13 boys and girls — Robbie Nelson and Melissa Mitchell of Indian Island;*-14-18 men and women — Chris Holt of Ellsworth and Lisa Paul of Indian Island; 19-29 Men and women — Jeff Crawford and Kathleen Roberts of Old Town; 30-39 men and women —Phil Stuart o f Machias and Jac­ queline Kasper o f Kansas City, Mo.; 40-49 men and women — Ralph Thomas of Gardiner and Jeannette LaPlante o f Old Town; 50 and over men — G reg Fuentes o f Orono. The overall winner of the Andrew Socka­ lexis Memorial 4.0 mile race was Jeff Crawford. The first Penobscot to finish and to win a trophy was Ralph Thomas. Indian Island field day, July 5, was delightful weather for skimpy clothing, as this young lad, strolling toward community building, demonstrates. Greta Neptune stretches her legs after running the Sockalexis four-miler, at Indian Island field day, July 5. �Wabanaki Alliance August 1980 f frolic for all Page 7 Track club scores at Scarborough by Tina M. Farrenkopf Also featured were a horseshoe tossing contest, races for children, pony ridesT bean supper with the trimmings and last but far from least, a gigantic fireworks display. The $3,000 fireworks extravaganza included roman candles, pinwheels, large letters spelling out Penobscot Nation, and Indian head, even Snoopy. Deborah Curtis won a White brand canoe in a raffle drawing. A Penobscot, she lives in Lamoine with her children, and said she will make good use o f the canoe. INDIAN ISLAND — The Andrew Sockalexis Track Club, representing Indian Island and Alton, won individual medals at the 1980 Maine AAU Junior Olympic Track and Field Championships at Scarborough High School, Aug. 9 for the 10 and under and 11-12 year old age levels. Over 400 youths participated, represent­ ing 21 track clubs. Eight ASTC members qualified for the state championships by finishing in the top six in their event at the Maranacook High School on August 5. For the 10 and under, Sherri Mitchell won three gold medals and was the only triple winner for her age level. She won gold medals in the 100 meter dash (15.3 seconds), 200 meter dash (35.2 seconds), and the long jump — 12 feet, 3l/2 inches, which was a new state recond for that age group. For the same age group, Chris Ranco, Dennis Pehrson, and Greta Neptune also won medals. Chris Ranco won a gold medal in the 800 meter run, which he ran in 2 minutes, 58 seconds. Dennis Pehrson received a bronze medal for throwing the 6 pound shot 21 feet, 3Vi inches. Greta Neptune also won a bronze medal winning hers in the 800 meter run, which she completed in 3 minutes, 10.4 seconds. le Jay Kent films proceedings, in this silhouette Vicki Perry, unable to dodge the camera, cannot hide the fact she has just participated in a blueberry pie-eating contest at Indian Island field day. April Ewer, daughter of Debbie Ewer, Penobscot, dashes over lawn at Indian Island field day. For the 11-12 year age group, Jamie Knapp and Mike Denny were the only medal winners for the ASTC. Jamie Knapp won a bronze medal for the 1500 meter run, which he finished in 5 minutes, 41 seconds. Mike Denny won himself three medals, all o f them silver. His medal winning events were the 100 meter dash (14.2 seconds), 200 meter dash (31.9 seconds), and the long jump — 13feet, 1 inch. PAUSE THAT REFR ESH ES — This youngster takes a slurp on the sidelines, at BEANO-sponsored Indian Island field day. �Page 8 Wabanaki Alliance August 1980 M aine Indian claim s likely to sail through C o n g r e ss (Continued from page 5) State Samuel Collins o f Rockiand. cochairman with Rep. Bonnie Post, Owls Head, o f the legislative joint select com­ mittee on the claims, testified 1if there was ‘ plenty of time, that would be one thing, and I'd be happy to have people vote on it. He said he had to deal with ‘ most complex’ legislation in a tight ‘ time frame.’ " Commenting on the University of Maine survey, he said “ the whole basis of that questionnaire was bom in ignorance.” Leonard Pierce, land appraiser for James W. Sewall Co. o f Old Town, told Senator Cohen he “ firmly believed” the $170 to $180 per acre purchase price of land for Indians “ won‘ b e challenged by t any reasonable person in the state of Maine.” Under pressure from Cohen, Pierce admitted lands were priced eight percent below estimated market value, he winked at Cohen and said “ ’ on the cozy side. I Im know who I’ working for.'’ m Others testifying in favor o f the settle­ ment were Millinocket Town Manager William Ayoob and Town Council Chair­ man Dean Beaupain. and Henry Bouchard, president of Maine Municipal Bond Bank, Augusta. Millinocket found itself unable to borrow money in 1976 after a bond rating firm said the town was in jeopardy because o f land claims. “ is making our financial lives It very uncertain.”Ayoob said. The town was later able to obtain loans, but at high rates and for lesser amounts than desired. Sapiel pointed out the settlement does not contain sacred Mt. Katahdin. “ This is not the Indian way,”he said “ fought four I years in the Korean War to protect this country, but when I came back I found . . . my people being pushed around. The Indian culture today is money, and the more money they get the b igger theyfeel.” Sapiel dismissed the claims as “ money a thing. There’ no land involved.”He said s he personally was paid $77 per week at Indian Island, then was given a $1 raise. H e now directs recreation for Boston Indian Council. Nelson said she has had a suit pending against Bangor Hydro-Electric Co., because the firm erected two utility poles on her island land. She fears she will now lose her case because of the settlement. “ present I am unemployed with five At children to support. Two o f them are in college. I brought them up myself.” she said. “ feel the taking o f my lands under this I bill is a violation o f constitutional and human rights. My main concern is not money. My main concern is my sovereign rights.”Nelson siad, adding “ will not we even be an Indian nation. ” John [Sammy] Sapiel speaks out against proposed land claims settlem ent at Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs hearing last month. From left, are fellow Penobscots Neil Phillips, Dana Mitchell, Irene McDougall. Also, lawyer Robert [Tim] Coulter of Indian Law Resource Center, counsel to those opposing the pending $81.5 million agreement. CAN’ FIND A JOB? T TRY THE Coulter stated that the $27 million trust fund will be used “ the best interests of in The critics the U.S.”and not of the tribes. “ My rights are being violated,” said Finally, with time running out on the Eunice Crowley, claiming the settlement second and last day o f hearings, Penob- “ makes us first class wards of the state of scots representing the opposition to the Maine and the U.S. federal government.” current settlement took the stand. Seated Crowley continued, “ want to go on I at a table were Lorraine Nelson, Judy record as opposed to S-2829 (the bill’ s (Shay) Cote, Eunice Crowley, Neil Phillips, official number), and that I am not a sell­ Dana Mitychell, Renee McDougall, John out for the reasons o f expediency and (Sammy) Sapiel, and Coulter, lawyer with financial gain. ” Indian Law Resource Center. Phillips said his own brother, Reuben “ Today I come to you to speak to you (Butch) Phillips of the tribal claims negoti­ about our land and our concerns. I am ating team, “ was elected to be the infor­ concerned that my inherent and my funda­ mation officer . . . for the off-reservation mental rights have been given up,” tribal members.” But out o f 927 eligible Mitchell began. He said there is no clear voters, only 26 percent voted in the claims agreement to the terms o f the settlement referendum, he said. by Penobscot and Passamaquoddy people. McDougall objected to a part o f the He also alleged about 30 changes have been made in the bill. Mitchell complained that 80 percent of Tureen’ salary is paid by the federal s s u p p l ie s government, and called this “ direct a D ona c d c c "I48 Page ’ conflict of interest in principle.’ ’ rttC t Catalog Senator Mitchell asked Dana Mitchell, The world's largest “ what would you like to see happen?” Indian Crafts Catalog. Dana Mitchell said he hadn’ even see t More than 4,000 Items to choose tram I the revised bill. Trade Beads, Tin Cones, “ You now have 30 days,” the Senator Brass Beads, Moire Taffeta said. Ribbon, Ermine Skins, Bone Elk Teeth, Shawl Dana Mitchell called a Penobscot _ , Fringe and Yam. For free catalog, reservation vote March 15, favoring the bill, “ advisory referendum at best.”He an GREY OWL c 113-15 Springfield Blvd. * said Penobscots did not receive due Queens Village, N.Y. 11429 process. iM IN D IA N C R A F T settlement that requires the tribes to make payments in lieu of county taxes. She also objected to secrecy surrounding the bill, when it was supposedly agreed to, in March. “ Why haven’we seen it?”she said. t HARDWARE & GUN SHOP TOM VIC AIRE, Proprietor The only Indian-owned hardware business in the State o f Maine “ re eager to do business with people We’ in the Indian community,” says Tom. The store carries a full line o f tools, electrical and plumbing supplies, paint and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine new and used guns. See Our Garden Supplies and Tools For all your hardware and hunting needs, visit — MATT AW AMKE AG HARDWARE & GUNSHOP and sample some good Indian hospitality and service. Job Corps Would you like to be trained as a ... Bookkeeper Secretary/Stenographer Clerk Typist Nursing Assistant If you are 16 to 21 and not in school, the Penobscot Job Corps Center has training programs which may be of interest to you. The Penobscot Job Corps Center provides all trainees with a place to live, meals, health care and a cash monthly stipend while you learn. And when you finish, we’ also help you ll find a job. SOUND GOOD? IT IS GOOD. ASK FOR JOB CORPS —in the Portland area—775-7225 —in the Auburn area—786-4190 —in the Bangor area—947-0755 —or toll free anywhere in Maine at 1-800-432-7307 ASK FOR JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT Loving care for your car Stretch your dollars a year-- subscribe now! M AIL T O W ABAN AK I ALLIANCE, 95 M A IN STR EET, O R O N O . M A IN E 04473 W A B A N A K I A L L IA N C E S U B S C R I P T IO N F O R M (Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance) I EN CLOSE: $5 for one year (Individual—U.S.) Name □ □ $6 for one year (Canada) Street $10 for one year (Institutional rate) City/Town and State Zip Code □ Donation (Amount) e-ups LOVE'S AMOCO INDIAN ISLAND �Wabanaki Alliance August 1980 Page 9 Tracing Indians in Casco Bay history by Randy Mardres Ninety percent of the Indian population on the coast of Maine died betwen 1610 and 1620. The unhappy consequence of contact between the locals and the emigrating Europeans did not leave much Indian culture intact. The native residents were very busy just surviving and coping with the loss of large numbers of people and there were yet few European settlers. No one was available afterwards to note how the daily life had been carried on before. With that gap, plus years of occasional warfare and strife between Wabanakis and Euro­ peans. the ways of the tribes is mostly unknown. There are a few archaeologists at work in Maine, (a half dozen with PhD degrees.) One of them is looking into the question of Abnakis on Casco Bay. Abnakis on Casco Bay? When?-Where did they live? How? What did they eat? Why? Where were the villages? How many lived in the villages? . . . These questions and more are being worked on by David Yesner, Department of Anthro­ pology, University of Southern Maine. No new comer to the subject of native Ameri­ cans, Yesner worked with and studied Indians in Alaska. Now he is working to determine what the pre-European life styles along the coast of Maine were. According to Yesner, the islands of Casco Bay are a good place to do research. Archaeology among the middens, or shell heaps, that w ere the garbage pits of their days, is profitable to archaeologists be­ cause the basic chemical composition of the shells neutralizes the normal acidity of the Maine soils. This means the artifacts, tools, utensils, and weapons made of materials other than rock (bone, etc.) are found and are in better condition that from sites inland. The additional material gives a clearer picture. Casco Bay, the name seem s to be a shortened version of “ Aucocisco,”mean­ ing Muddy Bay and refers to Back Cove. But even before 1614 when Capt. John High marks Anne Marie Akins, A Penobscot and daughter of Mildred P. and the late Watie Akins of Indian Island, completed her junior year at St. Mary’ General Hospital s School of Nursing, Lewiston, with all A ’ s (4.0). This is the first time that this has been accomplished in the .history of the school.She earned her BS from University of Maine at Orono in 1974. She has worked as curriculum developer of Penobscot history, and was science, arts and crafts teacher in the Indian School Department. After that she developed special fitness class for children at the Lewiston-Auburn YWCA. Correction A photo caption on page three o f the July issue o f Wabanaki Alliance incor­ rectly identified Michael Murphy. He should have been identified as uncle and godfather to Lisa Ann Michelle Murphy. Smith set that name to paper on his ex­ ploring trips along the coast, the Abanki, "Kadqu’ for Blue Heron was being used. ” Seven years earlier in 1607, on Cham­ plain's map of the coast, he names Casco Bay as ... "Marchin Bay, from the name of the Captain who was chief there.” He . . . “ was killed.the year that we (Champlain) left new' France. 1607.” Evidence already recovered shows that life among the early pre-European Ab­ nakis to have been good. They had a large population that was formed into a loose confederation of villages, each village with a chief. The confederation of villages were held together by the same language and life styles. It was a complex society wdth a large variety of tools, art works, honored burials and trade with peoples far re­ moved from the Casco Bay area. The villagers lived well enough to be able to support their older, non-productive mem­ bers and the tall, graceful people found pleasure here in Southern Maine. When the Abnakis first came to southern Maine is not clearly known. The first on the coast, 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, w ere the Red Paint People. W ere they early ancestors of the Abnaki? Or were they later pushed away by the arriving Abnaki? It’ a question still to be s answered. Approximately 3,000 years ago, people who could be identified as Abnaki were living on the southern coast of Maine. The sea water was warmer at that time, and quahogs were abundant. The name Quahog at Harpswell has survived to the present. Perhaps during this warmer period, m oose and caribou became scarce, and living closer to the coast became more attractive. The northeast side of Casco Bay seem s to have been first to be popular, and the side most intensely used. This part of the bay had better food supplies, being situated at the mouth of several major rivers. Life with these early residents of 3,000 years ago was migratory. After a summer of gathering shellfish, netting fish and harpooning seals and large fish (which would be dragged home behind the boats), a move up the rivers would be made. At first it might have been groups from the Androscoggin, Kennebec and Cathance rivers who summered in the bay with the “ Muddy Head of the Bay,” since the islands on that side of Casco Bay appear to be the first settled. An early name for Harpswell Neck is “ Merriconeag”or Lazy Carry, a place where canoes would be dragged and lifted without unloading. “ Sebascodeagan Island” is a place with' “ many almost throughs,”or many port­ ages, too many to name. And so, to, the Androscoggin River or “ fish preparing, curing place.” Runs of salmon and alewives would be collected and dried. A snug place to make winter camp would be set up on the rivers. During TEACHING POSITIONS Jr. High Level Reading Specialist 6-8 Grade Math Teacher Special Education Teacher Elementary Education Teacher and a Guidance Counselor. Applicants must have Elementary Certification. Apply to:^ Maine Indian Education P.O. Box'412 Calais, M E 04619 Telephone: 207-454-2126 An Equal Opportunity Employer Indian Preference. spring, as the snow cover became soft and before the “ mud season”was upon them, they would move downriver again to the bay, to collect shellfish and go into summer. This route ties in with the work Yesner, his staff and a half dozen volun­ teers have done the past two years, cata­ loging and registering sites on that side of the bay, at Whaleboat Island. Yesner's group also investigated Great Diamond Island where earlier, Helen Arey, a resi­ dent, had found an unusual walrus ivory figurine. Two thousand years ago the picture started to change a little. The sea water cooled again (the colder Labrador current is closer to the coast) and the soft shell clams were no longer plentiful. Today they are not found north of Cape Cod. But the more northern hardshell clam is plentiful and more of them are found in the middens. The islands in Casco Bay closer to where one day the waterfront of Portland will be built w ere being lived on. Corn was being raised by local residents, learned from their brothers farther south. This early corn or maise was raised along the coast to its natural growth limit, at the mouth of the Kennebec River. Maise needs 100 to 120 frost free days to mature and ripen. Growing maise was sure to change the lifestyle. Small patches along fertile river banks could be planted. How much this changed the way of life is a question Yesner and his group are studying. Corn was ground with stone grinders and they lasted through the years. This past summer, Yesner took soil samples from campsites on the islands and hopes to sift the soil and identify different seeds that were common. More answers will be found to fill the gap In our knowledge of southern Maine Indians. There will always be more questions than answers. Workers such as Yesner and his crew will help provide both answers and more questions as they help show the early life of Indians in the Casco Bay, Greater Portland, Maine area. fo j? govern I am seeking the Office o f Governor of the Penobscot Nation. I would be very thankful for your support in the Tribal Election. With the best o f my ability and knowledge, I will serve the Penobscot Indian People and Nation. Please request your ballot today, by regular mail, from Blanche Corbett, Tribal Clerk. Election Day is to be held on Sept. 9. 1980. Again, I thankyouforyoursupport. Francis C. Sapiel Francis C. Sapiel at Town M eeting with President Carter, 1978. Background: Date o f birth— 12/3/35 at Indian Island Mother—Evelyn (Madas) Sapiel Married—Edwina Neptune Children—four, plus two grandchildren Education—Granduated Old Town High School, 1956, Two years college Penobscot Tribal Council Member President, Penobscot National Historical Society Vice-chairman. Penobscot Health & Social Services Committee M em ber o f Penobscot Census Comm. M em ber of Indian Island Recreation Committee M em ber o f Wabanaki Corp., Inc. Board o f Directors Member, Haymarket Foundation Board o f Directors Representative for Indian Island (A.A.) Paid for by the Candidate ATTENTION NATIVE AMERICAN STUDIES AT UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY To All High School Seniors and Junior College Graduates. It is not too late to apply for admission to the University of California at Berkeley. The Native American Studies program at Berkeley is one of the finest in the nation. The department offers a Bachelor of Arts degree with emphasis in one o f three areas: History and Culture Law, Government and Community Development Social Institutions The faculty are the highest in their field, and w e in the Native American Studies Counseling Unit are eager and waiting t o . assist you in the following areas; admissions procedures, financial aid, housing, tutoring,' and BT.A. funding. With a degree in Native American Studies from UC Berkeley, your opportunities are limitless. If you need any information, or if you haveany qdi^ions- please feel free to contact us. Contact Persons: Michael Hill/Recruiter- cjfinselor "Alex Alday/Student Affai||rOfficer Native American Studies, 3415 Dwinelle.Hall University o f California. Berkeley Berkeley. California 94720 (415) 642-0245 �Page 10 Wabanaki Alliance August 1980 Penobscots caucus INDIAN ISLAND — Gov. Wilfred Pehrson, recently hospitalized with a serious illness, will apparently not seek another two-year term, in Penobscot Nation tribal elections. Sept. 9 . Five candidates were nominated at a caucus this month, seeking governorship of the tribe, but one has withdrawn. Also nominated at the caucus were candidates for lieutenant governor and school board. Some 75 tribal members attended the caucus, which for several hours involved a discussion of rules and procedures for notifying off-reservation Penobscots. Nominated, but reportedly no longer running for governor, is Joseph (Jo-Jo) Francis, a council member. Remaining candidates are Francis C. Sapiel, council member; tribal employee James Sappier; Dana Mitchell; and Timothy Love, also a tribal employee. At one point, Andrew Akins objected to “ rule #5“which says a candidate must be present at the caucus to be nominated. “ I know o f one person who is not here tonight who wants to be nominated,”he said. “ think if a person is that interested, I they should be here,” responded Eunice Baumann-Nelson. Baumann-Nelson made a motion, seconded by her sister Mildred Akins, that any employee of a tribal office must resign if elected. The motion was defeated. A motion by Watie Akins that a candid­ ate must resign prior elective office was passed. Francis Sapiel. candidate for governor, introduced a motion that no tribal member shall run for office if already holding an elective post, unless candidate resigns such post. The motion, seconded by Sapiel's brother Sammy, was defeated. It would have directly affected at least one of Sapiel’ opponents, Tim Love, who is s currently elected representative for the tribe to the state Legislature. In an action that will allow candidates to contact off-reservation Indians, Ernest Goslin’ motion to open the tribe’ mailing s s list to all candidates was passed. Some persons feared certain candidates would have an advantage if they only had access to the list. Absentee ballots were hotly debated at the caucus, where it was finally resolved to notify off-reservation tribal members o f all candidates, date and time of election, and instructions for obtaining and returning an absentee ballot. Dana Mitchell, candidate for governor, said rules should make it clear ballots should be sent to tribal clerk, and should not be opened except at proper time and place. He referred to alleged incidents in the past where absentee ballots were improperly opened. Deanna LeBretton stood up and ob­ jected, saying that Mitchell was wrong; that there had been no “ hanky-panky” in the past election, in which her father, Pehrson, won the election by a small margin o f votes. Seeking the job of lieutenant governor are former governor Nick Sapiel, Vivian Massey, and Irene Pardilla. Hoping to win election to one of six council seats that will be vacant are: incumbents Clara Jennings, Ernest Goslin and Beth Sockbeson; Donna Loring, Ken Paul, Marie King, Cheryl Knapp, Francis Mitchell, Eunice Baumann-Nelson, Francis Ranco, Francine Murphy, Sebastian C. Francis, Jerry Francis and Watie Akins. Matthew Sappier declined a nomination by Gary Attean. Wanting to fill two openings on the school board are Michael Ranco, Merlene Couturier and Deanna LeBretton. Reuben “ Butch” Phillips was the only candidate nominated for tribal representative to the Maine Legislature. Ballot box tenders named were martha Loring, Alice Fowler, Brenda Leavitt, Barbara Jean Francis, Doreen Neptune Bartlett. The names of Eunice Crowley and Debra Mitchell were removed because they are relatives of candidates. The caucus was chaired by tribal council chairman Miles Francis, flanked by tribal clerk Blanche Corbett, and Lt. Gov. Edwin Mitchell. Newell quits post (Continued from page 1) Rhynard to discuss legal aspects of the proposed election changes. — Sought an opinion from tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, who was reportedly uncertain of jurisdictional aspects; that is, whether state or federal regulations apply to the reservation. There is some question about whose laws apply on the reservation, in view of court decisions establishing federal criminal jurisdiction. But those deci­ sions have left a void in other areas, formerly filled by the “ blue book,”the state’laws for Indians. s Cliv Dore retains job PLEASANT POINT — Lt. Gov. Cliv Dore of the Passamaquoddy tribe will retain his job. Wabanaki Alliance learned, as this issue went to press, that a referendum vote this month failed to unseat the tribal official. The vote was 128-89 in favor of keeping Dore in the position of lieutenant governor. Dore indicated he was pleased with the outcome of efforts to oust him. Tribal Gov. Robert Newell has re­ signed effective Sept. 30. Lieutenant Governor Dore, under pressure to leave office along with Newell, said he has absolutely no plans to resign. He told Wabanaki Alliance he will fight for his job, and that he be­ lieves “ methods being em ployed” against him are illegal. Tribal members barred from polls PLEASANT POINT — Off reservation Passamaquoddy tribal members will not be able to vote here next month, in scheduled tribal elections here. Sept. 2. That is the reported result o f a vote at an election caucus here, which included another radical action: the caucus decided to return to a two-year term for governor and lieutenant governor o f the tribe. Those tribal members attending this month’ caucus apparently concluded that s off reservation Indians belonging to the tribe should not have the right to vote in regular elections for tribal government jobs. In another sweeping action — the legal­ ity o f which is in question and was being reviewed at press time by lawyer Thomas N. Tureen — the caucus voted to return tribal elections to a biennial basis, rather than the newly-instituted four-year term, now halfway over. Legality aside. Gov. Robert Newell has unofficially said he has decided to resign (see boxed story in this issue). He said he made the decision “ about a month ago.” He added that he does not regret the deci­ sion, and will be circulating a statement of his reasons to every household on the reservation soon. Newell operates a lo g ­ gin g business. Candidates nominated at the caucus to replace Newell are tribal ju dge J. Hartley Nicholas, and Deanna Francis. Other contenders, not nominated, were Peter Bailey and Maxwell (Chick) Barnes. Lt. Gov. Cliv Dore told Wabanaki Al­ liance he has no intention o f being re­ placed, and that switching to the two-year system without “ proper procedures” is illegal. Nevertheless, two candidates for the position of lieutenant governor were nominated; they are Ralph Dana, and Ray­ mond M oore Sr. Ironically, Dore chaired the caucus, held at the tribal building. VOTE FOR EXPERIENCE GOVERNMENT BY THE PEOPLE TIM LOVE GOVERNOR Tribal Council Member — 1973-74 Indian Representative to the State Legislature — 1978-80 Land Claims Negotiating Team — 1977-80 Deputy Tribal Administrator — 1978-80 PARTICIPATE: VOTE IN THE ELECTIONS, SEPT. 9,1980 Paid for by the Candidate Oil, gas, coal, gypsum, timber and the skill to manage them. GeorgiaF&cific ^ �Indian court starts ■, f f' < < . - - - WATCH OUT, the cookie monster may grab Nicole Bassett, two years old, who munches cookies in the arms of her father, Peter Bassett of Bangor, a Letter Sorting Machine cleric with U.S. Postal Service. H e is a member of the Passamaquoddy Tribe. (Bill O’ Neal Photo) P a ssa m a q u od d y m an w an ts to a ssist Indians with p osta l jo b s BANGOR — Peter Bassett, a Passama­ quoddy raised in this city, has been working for the Bangor Post Office since 1972. So far as he knows, he is the only Indian working for the postal service in the area. Bassett said recently-enacted federal regulations require government agencies to hire minorities, and in Maine, minority people are often hard to find. “ wonder I why.”he said, “ there aren’more (Indian) t people working at the post office.”Bassett is a Letter Sorting Machine clerk. Bassett wants to help. “ m sure if I I’ could get the right person to apply, and he’ qualified and all. . . . ”He said he has s not seen the postal service do much to attract minorities such as Indian people. “ They don’make any effort at all. I talked t with the postmaster and they said the next time they have a test they're going to send out a recruiter. ” However, Bassett said tests are very infrequent, and are not adequately publi­ cized. You have to be on a special list to be notified, he said. “ s tough to get in,”he It’ acknowledged. Bassett himself is a U.S. Marine Corps veteran, and this enabled him to enter the postal sendee. H e had previously worked in construction, and as a short order cook. A graduate o f John Bapst High School in 1968. Bassett, 31, took a course in micro­ biology this summer at University o f Maine at Orono. and has attended Bangor C om ­ munity College one year. H e and his wife Sheryl have two children, Nicole, two years old, and Crystal, three and one-half months. Anyone interested in a postal service job can call Peter Bassett at 942-8044. He has a book that is helpful in preparing for examinations given by the post office for various jobs. Energy funds offered WASHINGTON — Three to seven grants, totaling 5250,000, are being offered to Indian tribes by federal Depart­ ment o f Energy (DOE). The Federal REgister reports that Aug. 25 is the closing date for submission of proposals. The applicable uses o f the grant are wide open, as long s they ‘ ‘ stimu­ late energy production and efficiency among American Indians,” the register states. PLEASANT POINT — The first day of tribal court here was “ very good,”accord­ ing to J. Hartley Nicholas, newly-appoint­ ed judge. Six cases were handled in the court’ s opening day this month, all o f them misdemeanors. More serious crimes must be handled in federal district court, Ban­ gor. One case involved an assault, Nicholas said. Court Clerk Michelle Yarmal was on vacation at press time, so disposition of cases will be reported in a future issue of this newspaper. Called a “ CFR,” or Code o f Federal Regulations court, the Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy judicial system is adminis­ tered through U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). It is the only such court in Maine. Last year, Penobscots at Indian Island began their own judicial system, but Hints for good health tional problems. The defects, further, are a prime cause o f speech difficulties. The list of possible causative agents includes such diverse items as environ­ mental factors, heredity, nutritional deficiences, stress, infectious diseases, and radiation. The term “ environmental” as used here refers primarily to the baby Cleft Lip and Palate prior to birth and may include disturbances It is estimated that there are 1.3 children during pregnancy such as bleeding, bom with cleft lip or palate in the U.S. for illness, operations, accidents, and drug every 1000 live births. They are, therefore, use. At this time, prevention of oral and facial amoung the m ost common o f all birth clefts is best accomplished through pre­ defects. Cleft lip is m ore common in boys that in marital counselling for those with a family girls, and cleft palate is m ore common in history o f clefts, counselling for parents with offspring with clefts, and the avoid­ girls. Children with cleft lip and palate present ance. where possible, o f events during a complex multifaceted rehabilitation pregnancy that have been implicated in the problem requiring expensive and pro­ environmental factors o f cleft lip and cleft longed medical and dental treatment and palate. F.H. Welch. D.D.S. additional care for emotional and educa­ EDITOR’ NOTE: This is a new monthy S column by Dr. Fenn Welch o f Penobscot Health and Social Services Department. Dr. Welch will gladly answer reader’ s questions. Write to him at P.O. Box 561, Old Town, Maine 04468. VETERANS ADMINISTRATION Owned Homes For Sale 303 OPENINQ Pleasant Point School Department Perry, Maine has opening for Language Arts teacher, K-8, with experience in remedial reading background in Title I helpful, certified teacher salary range $10,250 - 515,250. Resum es and appli­ cations should be mailed to Maine Indian Education, Box 412, Calais, Maine 04619 Cheryls Place Now open for business. Selling novelties, toys, games, clothes, jewelry, small appliances, etc. There is a 10% discount for Native Americans, either bring this ad or your hunting and fishing license for verification. We will donate $1.00 to Wabanaki Alliance for every person that brings this ad and spends $5.00 or more. Cheryl Hodgkin and Tom Thurlow 820 G ray Road (Route 202) South W indham , M aine 04082 unlike Pleasant Point, the Penobscot court is not associated with BIA. Pleasant Point’ court is the second s Indian court ever to b e established in Maine in this century. Court will b e held every Monday, Judge Nicholas said. Be­ fore he could become judge, he attended training sessions and was fingerprinted. Another Passamaquoddy, Valerie Emery, underwent training as a paralegal, in Washington, D.C., and has assisted in setting up the court. FOOTNOTE: J. Hartley Nicholas has at press time resigned from his position as tribal judge. H e is a candidate for tribal governor, and Nicholas quit “ avoid to possible conflict of interest. ’ ’ Associate Judges Reuben (Clayton) Cleaves, and Shirley Bailey, will handle court until Nicholas’ position is filled. in Washington County Equal Housing OPPORTUNITY ANYONE CAN BUY YOU DON’ HAVE TO T BE A VETERAN See Your Local Real Estate Broker Or Contact Rt. 1, Houlton Road, Woodland 3 bedroom, garage — $28,000.00 — $500.00 D.P. Main Street, Princeton 4 bedroom, garage, $29,500.00 — $500.00 D.P. No. Lubec Road, Lubec 3 bedroom, garage — $31,500.00 — $500.00 D.P. 9 Academy Street, Calais 4 bedroom, ready to m ove into — $29,000.00 — $500.00 D.P. All VA financed J3A % interest rate VETERANS ADMINISTRATION LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION TOGUS, MAINE 04330 Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433 �Page 1 2 Wabanaki Alliance August 1980 news notes Micmac youth wins m oose chance MATTAWAMKEAG — A 13-year old Micmac Indian lad has won a ticket to hunt moose during the first, trial season on the big beasts this fall. Tom Vicaire, son of Mr. and Mrs. Melvin Vicaire o f Mattawamkeag, was one o f 700 persons to win a moose season ticket in a statewide drawing. He will be able to par­ ticipate in the five day season in Septem­ ber. The young Vicaire said he is de­ lighted, with the prospect o f plenty o f free meat for the freezer. Stevens joins service INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Richard Stevens, son of Mr. and Mrs. George Stevens of the Passamaquoddy reserva­ tion, has joined the U.S. Navy and is undergoing training in the Great Lakes area. He graduated this spring from Calais High School, where he was on the Honor Roll. Flashback ph oto Indian Day? ORONO — As far as we at Wabanaki Alliance know, there has been three celebrations o f Indian day. National Indian Day was on the 15th of August. The Penobscot Indian Reservation of Indian Island held theirs on the 22nd o f August, and C.M.I.A. (Central Maine Indian Association) celebrated theirs on the 25th of August. A little confusion is caused by this. When do we celebrate Indian Day, read­ ers? Township pageantry INDIAN TOWNSHIP — An annua! pageant was slated here Sunday, Aug. 3, at Peter Dana Point. Sponsored by St. Ann’Catholic Church, s under the supervision o f the Rev. Joseph Laughlin, the pageant included traditional dancing, drumming and singing, plus refreshments and a ceremony. All tribal members and their friends were invited to attend. Helping organize the event were Faye Nicholas and Blanche Sockabasin. Graduates with honors PLEASANT POINT — Marilyn Dana, daughter of Ralph and Hazel Dana o f the reservation here, graduated recently from Kents Hill school, cumlaude. She plans to attend University o f Maine at Orono this fall. OLD WAYS of the Passamaquoddy tribe are recalled in this early photo of three Indian girls, wearing appropriate dresses, beads and feathers. (Photo lent by Philomene Dana of Indian Township.) ’ candidate who gets things done' The Aft! Organizations: penobscot Indian Nation Housing Authority Chairman NCAI (National Congress of American Indians) FRC-ITF (Federal Regional Council - Indian Task Force) NTCA (National Tribal Chairmen’Association) s DIA (Department o f Indian Affairs) NACIE (National Advisory Council on Indian Education) TGI (Tribal Governors Inc.) U.S. Civil Rights Commission MIT A (Maine Indian Transportation Association) CETA (Comprehensive Employment and Training Act) CFNP (Community Food and Nutrition Program) Meals for Elderly Scholarships Ford Fellowship — Leadership Development Program — Federal/State/Tribal Relations Off-reservation Indians Federal, State Legislation And So Forth ... Jim Sappier as Indian Coordinator for Federal Regional Council. Background and Experience: Tribal Laws and Ordinances — Development and Application State Laws and Federal Laws — Development and Application Rules and Regulations — Development and Application Comprehensive Plans, Planning and Policies Budgeting and Finance Writing and Reporting Evaluations and Monitoring Administration and Management Grievances and Appeals Hearings and Meetings Coordination and Implementation Tribal Negotiating Committee Organizations ELECT JIM SAPPIER GOVERNOR PENOBSCOT NATION Paid for by the Committee to Elect James Sappier � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Other Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (August 1980) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Division of Indian Services, Indian Resource Center, Orono, ME Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-08 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Digital files provided by Donald Soctomah and Meredith Ricker Metadata provided by Annika Flaming and Samira Ahmed, University of Southern Maine Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Used in consultation with Steven Cartwright, editor of the <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em>