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A L b Uw v - ' U I »M
o7 llO
.
,
■
•
•
Third anniversary issue
Wabanaki
A llia n ce
Published by Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc.
Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473.
Non-proBl Organization
L .S. Pottage Paid 3.1c
’
FerrallNo. 1
4
Orono, Maine
4 0 *
August 1980
Land claims seen
close to approval
WASHINGTON — The $81.5 million
settlement of Penobscot-Passamaquoddy
land claims appears headed for swift
approval by Congress.
The land-money package to quiet tribal
claim s to two thirds of Maine has success
fully navigated the political waters o f state
legislative endorsement, and has sailed
through a Senate Select Committee on
Indian Affairs hearing, July 1-2.
The proposal if passed will ensure the
purchase o f 300,000 acres, to be divided
evenly between” the two tribes; plus
establishment o f a $27 million joint trust
fund administered by the U.S. Department
o f the Interior.
A House of Representatives hearing in
Washington is slated Aug. 25, as a com
panion action with the hearing held by the
Senate committee. Because the House
Indian Affairs committee has been abol
ished. the hearing will be chaired by Rep.
Morris Udall. chairman o f the Interior
and Insular Affairs Committee.
M em bers o f the joint tribal negotiating
team, and their lawyer, Thomas N. Tureen,
hope that Congress will pass the claims
agreem ent before November elections,
which cast som e doubt over the future of
the pact, should President Carter not win
reflection.
In a carefully worded statement before
the Senate committee, U.S. Interior
Secretary Cecil Andrus said the Admini
stration “
supported”the establishment of
a $27 million- trust fund for the Maine
tribes and “
we also do no oppose the
allocation o f not more than $54.5 million
for a land acquisition fund to purchase
300,000 acres o f average Maine wood
land."
■ ,
,,
(Continued on page 4)
Fire guts cannery
EASTPORT — The old B.H. Wilson
Fisheries plant here, formerly owned by
Cliv Dore, was destroyed by fire. A factory
warehouse was also destroyed by the tire
that occurred the afternoon o f Aug. 20th.
Dore, Passamaquoddy lieutenant gover
nor at Pleasant Point, bought the factory in
May and at the time of the fire it was being
converted into a lobster pound.
FIRST GRADUATION — Melissa LeBretton, clutching puppy in one
in the other, was among first “
graduating class” Penobscot Nation, Indian
at
care center. At right, center director Kate Nelligan awards diplomas. In background,
from left, Neana Neptune, M argaret Neptune, Becky Taylor, Pauline Love, Evelyn
Akins and Josie Neptune. See other graduation photo page 3.
Governor resigns
at Pleasant Point
Penobscot pageantry
Pageant dancers pose in front of teepee during annual Indian Island event. From left,
Nicole and Patti Mitchell, children of Mr. and Mrs. Matthew Mitchell, and Jimmy
Mitchell, son of Valerie Mitchell.
PLEASANT POINT — Robert Ne
well. embattled governor o f the Passa
maquoddy Tribe here, told Wabanaki
Alliance he has decided to resign his
job.
Newell said he made his decision to
quit about a month ago, and he denied
he was pressured out of office. H e said
he would send a lengthy statement to
this newspaper, but it had not arrived at
press time.
Lt. Gov. Giv Dore said he has no
intention of leaving office.
Since earlier this year. Governor
Newell, half way through his four year
term, has been criticized by reservation
residents who say he is simply “
never
there.” Apparently, Newell is often
away from his office on business, or
attending meetings or conferences. He
owns a logging firm, Newell and Sons.
Many people “
just thought that he
wasn't attending to his duties,”accord
ing to J. Hartley Nicholas, who hopes to
be elected to succeed Newell as gov
ernor. (Nicholas resigned as tribal ju dge
to avoid conflict of interest, he said.)
In recent weeks Pleasant Point voters
have:
— Circulated a petition calling for
the resignation of Gov. Robert Newell
and Lt. Gov. Giv Dore. A total o f 54 or
Gov. Robert Newell
55 tribal members signed the petition.
A minimum of 50 signatures are re
quired under state law.
—Held an election caucus at which
residents voted to return to a previous
two-year term for governor and lieuten
ant governor.
— Set a special election for Aug. 27,
at the tribal government building.
— Planned a meeting with state
Indian Affairs Commissioner Charles
(Continued on page 10)
�Page 2
Wabanaki Alliance August 1980
editorials
Right to vote
Indians, who in Maine were not fully enfranchised until the
1950’ ought to know the meaning of being able to vote.
s,
That is why it is gratifying that Penobscots are making a deter
mined effort to inform off-reservation tribal members of upcoming
elections, the full slate of candidates, how to obtain a ballot, and
how to vote and be counted.
However, a different story comes from Pleasant Point, where offreservation Passamaquoddies seem to be systematically excluded
from the elective process in tribal government. There, in a caucus
this month prior to tribal elections, a vote was taken to exclude offreservation Indians. Whether any off-reservation tribal members
s
knew of the vote, or even of the caucus, is not known. It’doubtful
they were told of a vote to exclude their particiaption in decision
making.
Rather than bringing people together, this vote against offres,ervation Indians is bound to divide the tribe. It is ironic that with
prejudice and exclusion in white society, Indians feel it necessary
to exclude a portion of their own people.
The argument that off-reservation Indians should not have a say
in tribal government because they don’live “
t
on”the reservation
is simply not fair. A tribal member is a tribal member. What if a
Passamaquoddy is in the Navy; must he not vote? What if a Passamaquoddy student is away at school; should she be disenfranchised
back home?
Many on-reservation Indians have only recently returned to
Pleasant Point. Some of them never lived at Pleasant Point before.
They should know better than to fence out their brothers and
sisters.
This matter should be cleared up at once, with the right to vote
restored to all members of the tribe.
The experiment
The Experiment is working, we believe. Last March, Wabanaki
Alliance switched from free circulation to a paid list of subscribers.
Many individuals, groups and organizations have taken out sub
scriptions.
The hard figures are as follows: on a free basis, circulation
peaked at around 3,000 although some of the papers were dead
ending, and others were doubling up at the same address. This
month, we approach 700 subscriptions, all of them paid or on an
exchange basis with other publications.
W e’ pleased at the first 700, but there’ still a long way to go.
re
s
If you are reading this and have not yet subscribed, do so now. To
share news in an effective, meaningful way, we need to know we
are reaching a substantial number of people — both inside and
outside the Indian community.
As readers can see from the letters page, people continue to be
impressed with the paper, and nobody has found subscription rates
insurmountable. This summer, a Passamaquoddy student is doing
her best to build up the mailing list, and increase advertising in
W ab anaki Alliance.
At this writing, she was calling libraries across the state to see if
they already received the paper, or if not, would they wish to
subscribe. Many have said yes, a few offer unusual answers. The
Norway librarian said she personally favors the paper, but her
board vetoed subscriptions because the paper is biased. A branch
librarian in South Portland said the subject is covered adequately
by other publications.
We don’buy either of these reasons for not subscribing. We
t
hope you don’either, and we ask you to ask your relatives and
t
friends to subscribe. This is you paper, you can be part of it.
This issue marks the third anniversary of publication.
AROOSTOOK TRANQUILITY is captured in this photo by Donald Sanipass, a Micmac
who lives in Mapleton.
Indian Prayer
0 great Spirit, whose voice I hear in the winds, and whose breath gives
life to all the world, hear me!
1 am small and weak; I need your strength and wisdom,
Let m e walk in beauty, and make my eyes ever behold the red and purple sunset.
Make my hands respect the things you have made and my ears sharp to hear
your voice.
Make me w ise so that I may understand the things you have taught my people.
Let m e learn the lessons you have hidden in every leaf and rock.
I seek strength, not to be greater than my brother, but to.fight my greatest
enemy — Myself.
Make m e always ready to come to you with clean hands and straight eyes.
So when life fades, as the fading sunset, may my spirit com e to you without
shame.
Quotable
1The Black Hills are not for sale. If we accept the settlement, we
‘
will have traded the future of our people for a few rusty old cars and
a few good drunks.’
’
Elijah Whirlwind Horse
Oglala Sioux chairman
Wabanaki Alliance
Vol. 4, No. 8
August 1980
Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center,
95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Orono
Times. Printed by Ellsworth American.
Member — Maine Press Association
Steven Cartwright, Editor
Elizabeth S. Warner, Layout
Reporters
Indian Island
Houlton
Pleasant Point
Indian Township
Phone 827-4543
Phone 532-7317
Phone 853-4654
Phone 796-2301
Tina M. Farrenkopf, Circulation Manager
DIS Board of Directors
Jean Chavaree |chairman]
Carroll Stevens, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature
Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director
Jeannette LaPiante. Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
Indian Island
Orrington
Indian Island
Indian Township
Old Town
Houlton
DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to
this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me.
04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri
butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; S6 Canada
and overseas; § 0 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.]
1
�Wabanaki Alliance August 1980
Page 3
letters
Lost without paper
Petersburg, VA.
To the editor:
I have received your letter and sub
scription form. I wish to continue to receive
your paper.
As a federal prisoner, I will send the
required amount as soon as I can get the
caseworker to O.K. the money order. If
not. I ’ have one of my people to order it
ll
for me. (Sending the money to you.)
I am lost without your paper. Thank you,
and may the Great Spirit help and guide
you all in reaching all the people.
Marion A. Highbull
Studying Aroostook
Middletown, CT.
To the editors:
I am currently at Wesleyan University in
Middletown, CT., and conducting research
in The Houlton area with anthropologist
Jim Wherry o f the Association of Aroo
stook Indians. I would very much like to
receive the “
Alliance,” and I hope $5.00
will cover the subscription rate for a year.
Robert Cleaves
Parting note
Avon, Ct.
New Hampshire help
Hudson, N.H.
To the editor:
I have been receiving the paper and am
very happy with the news printed therein.
Enclosed is a new subscription I have
picked up for you. Keep up the good work
and much success to you all.
George E. Howe
Keep 'em coming
Bristol, CT.
To the editor:
Thank you for sending me all these
newspapers. The one o f my Uncle Pat I
really appreciate, because it is the only one
I wHl have to remember him and Isabelle
by.
Keep those papers coming.
Judy Cote
Educated Indian
New York City
To the editor:
When I came to Indian Island, the
Health and Social Services Department
was just beginning. The clinical equip
ment was in crates, and the instru
ments didn’ arrive until much later.
t
Getting the dental clinic set-up and
running was my first job after gradu
ating from dental school. W e all learned
from that experience.
I learned a great deal about people
and a different culture, from you; and
you learned what dentistry had to offer,
from me. In the two years I worked on
the Island, there were good days and
bad days. The Penobscots are growing
very fast, and there are problems
attached to that rapid growth. I think
that you need to unify and then your
community will become healthy. It is
difficult to forget the wrongs that have
been done to us, but it is healthier to
concentrate on our present and future
goals.
I hope you will all w elcom e the new
dentist. Dr. Fenn Welch and his wife. In
talking with him, I sensed that he cares
about other people.
You are all a very real part of my life
and I am proud and happy to have
served you for two years. Steve Cart
wright asked me to write a farewell to
you. Farewell seem s too final. I would
rather say, “
Until we meet again.”
Stuart V. Corso
To the editor:
Re: your editorial in the July issue “
The
Neo Indians” (also known as the “
Wash
ington Redskins” I couldn’ agree more!
)
t
Yet here am I, a part-Penobscot, the third
generation away from the Reservation, and
I have just acquired a college degree. What
am I supposed to do? Drop dead? Is there
no place for me in the lndian world?
Tampa, Fla.
As a matter of fact, although I am a
so-called “
educated Indian,” I find that I
To the editor:
am increasingly drawn to the Traditionalist
I would like to thank each and every one
viewpoint, that the salvation of the Indian
on the Penobscot reservation, Indian
people is aretum to the “ ways,”i.e., a
old
Island, for being wonderful friends that
return to the land, subsistence agriculture,
made my stay so complete, while visiting
and an attempt to break the chains that
with my sister-in-law, Diane Newell Wil
bind us to white “
consumerism.”
The National Association of Metis son, and brother Howard Wilson.
Juanita Smith
Indians is an organization o f Part-Indians
who wish to identify with their Indian
heritage. If you are part-Indian and you
Lewiston
feel as we do, we w elcom e you to our
ranks. Write: National Association of Metis To the editor:
Indians, New York City Chapter, 150 West
I do love reading that paper and will
96th Street, Apt 11-B, New York, NY hope to keep on reading it. I am proud to be
10025.
an Indian.
Charley Colcord
Evelyn St. Pierre
A thankyou
Proud to be Indian
Shy ceremony
Joanie Albert of Indian Island day care center hands diploma to a bashful Darren Paul,
while Matt O’
Donnell, day care teacher, plays music and Ruby Nicola looks on.
Claims: n otes & com m en t
WASHINGTON — Congressional
hearings are not supposed to b e enter
taining, but last month’ Senate Com
s
mittee on Indian Affairs session had a
little drama here and there.
For one, it pitted brother against
brother in several instances. Neil Phil
lips is an articulate, outspoken op
ponent o f the current negotiated settle
ment. His brother Reuben (Butch)
Phillips, is an equally articulate spokes
man for the tribal negotiating commit
tee which is pushing the compromise
settlement of the 12.5 million acre
claim.
Both brothers are off-reservation
Penobscots, at least for the time being,
and both remain on friendly terms, with
som e joshing to ease the tension.
Then there is Penobscot Gov. Wilfred
(Wally) Pehrson, who is supported by
his half-brother Francis C. (Flapper)
Sapiel, member of the negotiating
committee. But SapieTs brother, John
(Sammy) Sapiel, is aligned with Neil
Phillips and the opposition. Both
Sapiels, like their Phillips counterparts,
are good-humored and friendly about
their rival positions. Francis Sapiel lives
at Indian Island and is running for tribal
governor; Sammy Sapiel lives and
works in Boston.
One o f the liveliest moments of the
two-day hearing occurred when Senator
George Mitchell got in a spat with
Pierre Redmond, 21, leader of a petition
drive, against the settlement, that
sought a referendum (it failed). Red
mond had just stated he and his fol
lowers would continue to fight the
settlement.
Mitchell: (to Redmond) “
You say
even if Indians win, no court is going to
enforce (the settlement). What does
that say about justice to the American
people? What you’ saying is: let’ let
re
s
the court decide if it agrees with me.
“
What you’ saying is, that if they
re
go to court and win, they (Indians) can’
t
win anyway. Doesn’that fundamental
t
contradiction bother you? ’
’
REDMOND: “
You do not under
stand . . . ”
But Mitchell wasn’ about to change
t
his tune. He continued to skewer Red
mond, who unfortunately for himself,
had use the phrase “
spectre o f vio
lence.” Mitchell accused Redmond of
raising that spectre.
Mitchell wasn’through yet. He told
t
Redmond that he was “
obviously an
articulate young man”
with a promising
future, but he had “ same obligation
the
to uphold equal justice as rests on
Senator Cohen, myself, and Senator
Redmond (State Sen. Andrew Red
mond. Pierre’father).”
s
— Steve Cartwright
Pierre Redmond, standing, and his father, Andrew, with map of Maine, as they testified
before Senate committee against Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims pact.
�Page 4
Wabanaki Alliance August 1980
Congress may act soon on settlement
(Continued from page 1
)
stipulate com plete and final dismissal of
Penpbscot-Passamaquoddy claims.
Committee member Senator Mark O.
Hatfield o f Oregon wondered why the
federal government must resolve a pro
blem in the state of Maine. “
The truly
unclean hands are the federal hands?"
he asked.
“ is my view that a Congressional
It
resolution . . . would be in the best inter
ests o f the country.” .Andrus said. “
The
proposed 581.5 million is substantially
higher than the administration projected."
but overall, he said, “ do not object.”
we
Cohen questioned the roughly $185 per
acre price set on land to be purchased from
large Maine landholders, noting that at
first the quoted price was SI 1 per acre.
2
“
Look at the inflation." Andrus replied,
as an explanation of increases since a 1977
proposal to resolve the claims.
Andrus, echoing an argument often
stated by tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen,
said “ have been told the glue might
we
com e apart if it’tampered with.”
s
Expressing sympathy for the state,
Andrus said that as a former governor him
self. he understands the state’ position.
s
“
The state o f Maine has contributed to her
Indian citizens in the past, and will again
contribute.”
Andrus noted that the S81.5 million
total agreed to by the State and the tribes
was substantially higher than any amount
previously supported by the Admini
stration. but indicated that the Administra
tion would accept it because the “
problem
has such a large effect on people." Andrus
did say that there were “
two major issues
on which further discussion is needed."
These were the “
total level o f funding” —
not the 581.5 million, but additional hidden
costs to the Federal Government, and the
“
intergovernmental relationship among
the tribes, the State and the Federal
Government.”
Cohen surprised
Senator William S. Cohen of Maine, who
serves on the Senate Select Committee,
and chaired the recent two-day hearing,
told Wabanaki Alliance in Washington that
he was “
surprised”at Andrus’
criticisms.
He said minor admendments to the claims
legislation would likely be introduced, but
he expected the tribes to g o along with
them.
Cohen was an outspoken opponent of
Indian land claims in Maine, and at one
time co-sponsored legislation, later with
drawn, to extinguish the PenobscotPassamaquoddy claim. His colleague.
Senator George Mitchell, is seen as
sympathetic to the Indians’ cause. He
recently was named senator replacing
Edmund S. Muskie, currently Secretary of
State. Mitchell co-chaired the Senate
hearings last month.
Senator Cohen introduced a bill June 13
to settle the claims of Maine Indians to
som e 12 million acres o f land in the state.
The bill, if enacted, would give the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot Tribes (and the
Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians) $54.5
million to purchase 300,000 acres o f forest
land and $27 million trust fund.
According to Cohen, Maine will continue
to exercise broad civil and criminal juris
diction over the land, although the Indian
tribes will be empowered to pass hunting
and fishing ordinances which will bind
Indians and non-Indians alike. The Maliseets would receive 5,000 acres of land
from the 300,000 as their portion of the
settlement. Cohen said o f the proposed
settlement, which would extinguish all
Indian claims to title and/or damages,
“
The purpose o f this legislation is far
reaching and its elements are likely to
inspire legitimate inquiry and discussion.”
Rep. David Emery, and colleague
Rep. Olympia Snowe, both previously
opposed to the claims, were at press time
advocating federal approval of the pack
age. Emery predicts favorable House and
Senate votes before the end of C ongress’
s
current session, in October.
Snowe commented the settlement “
has
a fairly good chance. I support resolving it.
I think the people of Maine would like to
get it behind them.”
Emery and Snowe have followed Co
hen’action, and have introduced the same
s
bill into the House as Cohen brought
to the Senate.
‘
Shrouded in ambiguity’
Cohen’introductory remarks at the first
s
day of hearings on the Maine Indian claims
Skitikuk ^ 7 ^ Outfitters
Specialists in wilderness travel.
Sales - Rentals - Guide Service
Home of Igas Island custom-made
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38 M ain St.
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866-4878
PREPARING TO TESTIFY for the land claims settlement, at Senate committee
hearing in Washington, are negotiating team m em bers James Sappier, left, Beth
Sockbeson and Gov. Wilfred Pehrson of the Penobscot Nation.
act included reference to his doubts
about the basis of the claim, the 1790
Nonintercourse Act — which says Con
gress must approve all land transactions
with tribes.
Congress did not approve taking o f land
from Maine Indians, but Cohen said the
Act was “
rarely applied to Indians of the
east,”even though he described it as the
“
cornerstone of federal Indian policy.”
Cohen said a negotiated settlement is
preferable to the “
distastefulness” of
suing private citizens in Maine, but added
the “
settlement has prompted many legiti
mate questions.”
Senator Mitchell said “ is essential that
it
the proposed legislation be subjected to
public scrutiny."
During testimony on the settlement
proposal, Andrus assured the committee
“
we are not on the outside looking in,”
SUBSTANCE ABUSE COUNSELOR
Wabanaki Corporation is seeking a
Substance Abuse Counselor to work
in the native American environment
at Indian Island, Old Town. The posi
tion requires experience and train
ing. Education and ethenic background
will be a definite plus, experience in
working with the school population is an
asset. Send resume to Steve Francis,
Wabanaki Corp., 93 Main St., Orono,
Maine 04473.
although he admitted, “ all honesty, I
in
have to say there was this three month
period when our (involvement in negotia
tions) was curtailed.”
Andrus said the settlement if passed will
Longley’editorial
s
Senator Mitchell, emphasizing that
legislation should completely extinguish
claims, asked that a Bangor Daily News
editorial to that effect, printed March 28,
plus a guest editorial April 1 by former
.
Gov. James B. Longley, be read into the
(Continued on page 5)
PENOBSCOT INDIAN NATION
TRIBAL MEMBERS ONLY
TRIBAL
LAND FOR SALE
(Orson Island — Island #12)
Lot 104
Western Orson Island bordering on the Railroad-right-of-way
Total Area o f Lot — Full Title.............
Asking p r ic e ...................
12Vi acres
$2,084 or best offer
Lot 74
Northwestern Orson Island — On the shore and bordering on the Railroad right-of
way. A one-third interest in Common and undivided.
12 acres
Total area o f L ot........................
One third o f to ta l...............
Asking price for one third interest.........
★
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
A one-third interest in Com m on and undivided in the following
In Northern Orson Island —
10.15 acres
Lot 9 ...................
Lot 11 .....................
Lot 9 4 .....................
Lot 9 7 ...................
Total area o f these four lots — 47.15 acres. One third of 47.15 is 15.71 acres.
Asking price for one third interest — $2,475 or best offer.
★
BILINGUAL PROGRAM DIRECTOR
Must have Bilingual Certification
and the ability to adapt concepts
to Passamaquoddy Indian Language
in a K-8 School System or will
consider a person with a Bachelor’
s
D egree in Elementary Education
who speaks Passamaquoddy or a
related Indian Language.
For an application write:
Maine Indian Education
P.O. B o x 412
Calais, Maine 04619
Telephone: 207-454-2126
An Equal Opportunity Employer
Indian Preference
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
A one-third interest in Com m on and undivided in Twin Islands
Islands #22 and #23 located West of and between Orson Island and Eber’Point.
s
Total A rea .......................
One third o f 27.33 is ........ _.........
Asking price for one third interest i s ............
9.11 acres
$1,260 or best offer
Owners reserve right to reject any and all bids, or offers.
Interested parties should submit bids to the Department of Real Estate and Demography
Penobscot Indian Nation, Indian Island. Old Town. Maine 04468. Before 10/1/80.
ATTENTION:
James Sappier or Glenn Starbird
★
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
�Wabanaki Alliance August 1980
Page 5
Senate panel hears both sides at hearings
increase; the tribes appear to be exempt
from hunting and fishing regulations.
Andrew Redmond said that “
although
Indians are good citizens I see the proba
bility of increased activism in the future.”
He complained the settlement was
“
brought into the state legislature at the
Brennan defends Maine
eleventh hour. ’
’
Pierre Redmond quoted Congressman
Gov. Joseph Brennan argued on behalf
Emery, who has said “
we want to know
of his state, saying the federal government
what the people of Maine want and we
must be responsible for settling the land
want this settled to their satisfaction.”
claims. “ is as if our family has been
It
Redmond announced for the first time he
taking care of itself without any help from
had obtained 12,000 signatures, far short
outside." he said, adding that "past .
of the 37.000 needed to initiate a refer
voluntary assistance to the Indians should
endum.
be considered sufficient contribution.”
Redmond cited a Portland television
Brennan, borrowing a phrase from his
survey which found 515 favored a referen
predecessor Longley. said ‘ could never
we
dum. while 235 opposed it. He also men
have a nation within a nation" in Maine.
tioned a University of Maine, Social
He stressed that tribes will be treated as
Science Research Institute poll, the results
“
municipalities.”
of which were published in the Bangor
For years Brennan, as state attorney
Daily News.
general, maintained Indians did not have a
Senator Cohen pointed out the latter
valid claim. But at the hearing he said "a
survey showed less than 50 percent
moderate, responsible settlement is in the
supported a referendum on the claims.
best interests of the people o f Maine,”and
Pierre Redmond maintains the Noninter
that it would give ‘
‘
self-respect and dignity
course Act applies to the w est only. “
Are
for the Indian people.”
you and I to be punished by today’ Indians
s
State Atty. Gen. Richard Cohen com
for our ancestors, or som eone else’
s
mented. "som e of the Indians are not
ancestors?”Redmond asked.
happy with it. Some of the non-Indians are
The younger Redmond (age 21) said he
not happy with it.
wants the case to go to court, but he
"The state of Maine is not simply wash
warned of trouble if the court ruled un
ing its hands of Indians either legally,
U.S. Senator William S. Cohen, center, listens to Maine Attv. Gen. Richard Cohen, back favorably. Mitchell criticized him for this
financially or morally."
(see boxed story). (Continued on page 8)
to camera, while Senator George J. Mitchell, right, review s notes, at hearing on
Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims.
Maliseets could lose land
(Continued from page 4)
,
official record of the hearing. Longley, who
died this month, was a longtime opponent
of any special status for Indians what
soever.
The issue of Maliseets, who are to
receive 5,000 acres from the total 300,000
to be purchased, was raised in a question
by Cohen as to whether those Aroostook
County Indians were federally recognized.
Andrus said Maliseets are not federally
recognized. Apparently, if Maliseets fail to
make payments in lieu o f county taxes,
they could lose their land to the Penobscots
and Passamaquoddies.
Cohen stated that Maliseets were not
immune from foreclosure.
Senator Cohen asked if the Maliseet
claim to land wasn't “
thin or marginal at
best.” while the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy claim was much stronger.
Attorney General Cohen said “
that is
correct."
At one point in testimony, Indian Town
ship Passamaquoddy Lt. Gov. Carl Nicho
las said “ support the maliseets.”
we
Attorney General Cohen was asked why
Maliseets are part of the settlement. He
acknowledged, “
they could, you know, I
suppose, cause extended controversy.”
Mitchell said the 300.000 acre figure was
arrived at. "and then the Penobscots and
Passamaquoddies agreed independently to
make available to the Maliseets 5,000 acres
of land.”
Senator Cohen grilled the Attorney
General with a few questions about the
settlement, including suggesting that
Congress may want to amend the proposal.
" I realize it won't just be rubber stamp
ed,”the Attorney General said.
Tribesmen speak out
When the tribes’turn came to make
formal presentations, land claims negotiat
ing team chairman Andrew Akins told
Senator Cohen he would hear Indians
speak for and against the settlement. Akins
said he had “ problem”with opposition,
no
“
that’their right.”
s
Cohen responded, “ want to make it
I
clear we are allowing as many people as
possible to testify both in support and in
opposition. What is indispensable, what is
your bottom line?”he asked Akins.
‘
‘
Three hundred thousand acres and $27
million,”Akins replied.
What if the amounts were reduced,
Cohen asked.
“ e’ reject it,”Akins said.
W d
Gov. Wilfred Pehrson o f the Penobscot
Nation said “ ve lived with the land claims
I’
a long time. I’ glad they will finally be
m
over. Our feelings run deep because of the
way our people have been kicked around.”
Senator Cohen asked tribal lawyer
Tureen if Indians like the settlement.
" W e ’ not entirely happy with it, but
re
that’what a compromise is,”Tureen said.
s
He called the case “
peculiar” and “
unique,” and argued it would not set a
precedent for other land claims cases
across the country.
Cohen referred to objections to the
settlement as a "sell-out,”made by Robert
(Tim) Coulter o f Indian Law Resource
Center. Should the settlement be reviewed
in light of recent supreme court decisions,
as Coulter argued?
“
No, we negotiated in good faith,”
Tureen said.
Senator Mitchell asked what would
happen if the settlement fails.
Tureen said the tribes will go to court,
and he predicts six to ten years o f litigation
in that event.
Perkins urges sale
Donald Perkins of Portland, lawyer for
major Maine landowners, denied that sale
o f 300,000 acres to Indians would result in
a $15 million loss of tax revenue. Perkins
said the “
tax is avoided only if he (the
landowner) replaces his land.”
The sale o f lands should be completed
swiftly, Perkins said, explaining “
the sub
stantial reason for the sale at this time is
inflation and competing opportunities.”
Senator Mitchell wanted to know if the
precise 300,000 acres had been optioned.
Perkins said not yet.
Claims ‘
wholly invalid ’
The father-son team that opposes the
settlement had their say. State Sen.
Andrew Redmond of Madison, and son
Pierre, gathered signatures in an attempt
to have a referendum on the land claims —
in hopes of defeating the legislation.
Senator Redmond was a member of a
state joint select legislative committee
dealing with the settlement; son Pierre led
the petition drive. Said Pierre, the “
claims
are wholly invalid.”
Pierre Redmond has form ed a committee
which includes his father, and Ellsworth
American publisher J. Russell Wiggins,
former ambassador to the United Nations.
He said Donald Perkins represents a
powerful elite; racial tensions are apt to
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�Page 6
Wabanaki Alliance August 1980
Field day a
INDIAN ISLAND — A four mile foot
race in honor of Olympic marathoner
Andrew Sockalexis highlighted an activitypacked field day here, July 5, sponsored by
the Indian Island Bingo Committee, track
club and recreation department.
The sunny, pleasantly warm day played
host to a variety o f events, from champion
ship cribbage playoffs, to a blueberry pie
eating contest that brought much mirth,
and perhaps a few aching stomachs.
ON YOUR MARK — Runners of all sizes ge t ready for Indian Island field day foot race.
Alison Sapiel balances with soda, while Jay Ken
from Indian Island field day, July 5.
Race results
INDIAN ISLAND — Michael Ranco,
Penobscot Nation track coach, announced
winners of the Andrew Sockalexis M emo
rial 4.0 mile race, held at a July field day
here.
On July 5th, the Andrew Sockalexis
Track Club sponsored a 4.0 mile road race.
The trophy winners were: 10 and under,
boys and girls — Chris Ranco and Greta
Neptune of Indian Island; 11-13 boys and
girls — Robbie Nelson and Melissa
Mitchell of Indian Island;*-14-18 men and
women — Chris Holt of Ellsworth and
Lisa Paul of Indian Island; 19-29 Men and
women — Jeff Crawford and Kathleen
Roberts of Old Town; 30-39 men and
women —Phil Stuart o f Machias and Jac
queline Kasper o f Kansas City, Mo.; 40-49
men and women — Ralph Thomas of
Gardiner and Jeannette LaPlante o f Old
Town; 50 and over men — G reg Fuentes
o f Orono.
The overall winner of the Andrew Socka
lexis Memorial 4.0 mile race was Jeff
Crawford. The first Penobscot to finish and
to win a trophy was Ralph Thomas.
Indian Island field day, July 5, was delightful weather for skimpy clothing, as this young
lad, strolling toward community building, demonstrates.
Greta Neptune stretches her legs after running the Sockalexis four-miler, at Indian
Island field day, July 5.
�Wabanaki Alliance August 1980
f frolic for all
Page 7
Track club scores
at Scarborough
by Tina M. Farrenkopf
Also featured were a horseshoe tossing
contest, races for children, pony ridesT
bean supper with the trimmings and last
but far from least, a gigantic fireworks
display. The $3,000 fireworks extravaganza
included roman candles, pinwheels, large
letters spelling out Penobscot Nation, and
Indian head, even Snoopy.
Deborah Curtis won a White brand
canoe in a raffle drawing. A Penobscot, she
lives in Lamoine with her children, and
said she will make good use o f the canoe.
INDIAN
ISLAND — The
Andrew
Sockalexis Track Club, representing Indian
Island and Alton, won individual medals at
the 1980 Maine AAU Junior Olympic Track
and Field Championships at Scarborough
High School, Aug. 9 for the 10 and under
and 11-12 year old age levels.
Over 400 youths participated, represent
ing 21 track clubs. Eight ASTC members
qualified for the state championships by
finishing in the top six in their event at the
Maranacook High School on August 5.
For the 10 and under, Sherri Mitchell
won three gold medals and was the only
triple winner for her age level. She won
gold medals in the 100 meter dash (15.3
seconds), 200 meter dash (35.2 seconds),
and the long jump — 12 feet, 3l/2 inches,
which was a new state recond for that age
group.
For the same age group, Chris Ranco,
Dennis Pehrson, and Greta Neptune also
won medals. Chris Ranco won a gold medal
in the 800 meter run, which he ran in 2
minutes, 58 seconds. Dennis Pehrson
received a bronze medal for throwing the
6 pound shot 21 feet, 3Vi inches. Greta
Neptune also won a bronze medal winning
hers in the 800 meter run, which she
completed in 3 minutes, 10.4 seconds.
le Jay Kent films proceedings, in this silhouette
Vicki Perry, unable to dodge the camera, cannot hide the fact she has just participated
in a blueberry pie-eating contest at Indian Island field day.
April Ewer, daughter of Debbie Ewer, Penobscot, dashes over lawn at Indian Island
field day.
For the 11-12 year age group, Jamie
Knapp and Mike Denny were the only
medal winners for the ASTC. Jamie Knapp
won a bronze medal for the 1500 meter run,
which he finished in 5 minutes, 41 seconds.
Mike Denny won himself three medals, all
o f them silver. His medal winning events
were the 100 meter dash (14.2 seconds),
200 meter dash (31.9 seconds), and the
long jump — 13feet, 1 inch.
PAUSE THAT REFR ESH ES — This youngster takes a slurp on the sidelines, at
BEANO-sponsored Indian Island field day.
�Page 8
Wabanaki Alliance August 1980
M aine Indian claim s likely to sail through C o n g r e ss
(Continued from page 5)
State Samuel Collins o f Rockiand. cochairman with Rep. Bonnie Post, Owls
Head, o f the legislative joint select com
mittee on the claims, testified 1if there was
‘
plenty of time, that would be one thing,
and I'd be happy to have people vote on it.
He said he had to deal with ‘
most complex’
legislation in a tight ‘
time frame.’
"
Commenting on the University of Maine
survey, he said “
the whole basis of that
questionnaire was bom in ignorance.”
Leonard Pierce, land appraiser for
James W. Sewall Co. o f Old Town, told
Senator Cohen he “
firmly believed” the
$170 to $180 per acre purchase price of
land for Indians “
won‘ b e challenged by
t
any reasonable person in the state of
Maine.”
Under pressure from Cohen, Pierce
admitted lands were priced eight percent
below estimated market value, he winked
at Cohen and said “ ’ on the cozy side. I
Im
know who I’ working for.'’
m
Others testifying in favor o f the settle
ment were Millinocket Town Manager
William Ayoob and Town Council Chair
man Dean Beaupain. and Henry Bouchard,
president of Maine Municipal Bond Bank,
Augusta.
Millinocket found itself unable to borrow
money in 1976 after a bond rating firm said
the town was in jeopardy because o f land
claims. “ is making our financial lives
It
very uncertain.”Ayoob said. The town was
later able to obtain loans, but at high rates
and for lesser amounts than desired.
Sapiel pointed out the settlement does
not contain sacred Mt. Katahdin. “
This is
not the Indian way,”he said “ fought four
I
years in the Korean War to protect this
country, but when I came back I found . . .
my people being pushed around. The
Indian culture today is money, and the
more money they get the b igger theyfeel.”
Sapiel dismissed the claims as “ money
a
thing. There’ no land involved.”He said
s
he personally was paid $77 per week at
Indian Island, then was given a $1 raise.
H e now directs recreation for Boston
Indian Council.
Nelson said she has had a suit pending
against Bangor
Hydro-Electric
Co.,
because the firm erected two utility poles
on her island land. She fears she will now
lose her case because of the settlement.
“ present I am unemployed with five
At
children to support. Two o f them are in
college. I brought them up myself.” she
said.
“ feel the taking o f my lands under this
I
bill is a violation o f constitutional and
human rights. My main concern is not
money. My main concern is my sovereign
rights.”Nelson siad, adding “ will not
we
even be an Indian nation. ”
John [Sammy] Sapiel speaks out against proposed land claims settlem ent at Senate
Select Committee on Indian Affairs hearing last month. From left, are fellow
Penobscots Neil Phillips, Dana Mitchell, Irene McDougall. Also, lawyer Robert [Tim]
Coulter of Indian Law Resource Center, counsel to those opposing the pending $81.5
million agreement.
CAN’ FIND A JOB?
T
TRY THE
Coulter stated that the $27 million trust
fund will be used “ the best interests of
in
The critics
the U.S.”and not of the tribes.
“
My rights are being violated,” said
Finally, with time running out on the Eunice Crowley, claiming the settlement
second and last day o f hearings, Penob- “
makes us first class wards of the state of
scots representing the opposition to the Maine and the U.S. federal government.”
current settlement took the stand. Seated
Crowley continued, “ want to go on
I
at a table were Lorraine Nelson, Judy record as opposed to S-2829 (the bill’
s
(Shay) Cote, Eunice Crowley, Neil Phillips, official number), and that I am not a sell
Dana Mitychell, Renee McDougall, John out for the reasons o f expediency and
(Sammy) Sapiel, and Coulter, lawyer with financial gain. ”
Indian Law Resource Center.
Phillips said his own brother, Reuben
“
Today I come to you to speak to you (Butch) Phillips of the tribal claims negoti
about our land and our concerns. I am ating team, “
was elected to be the infor
concerned that my inherent and my funda mation officer . . . for the off-reservation
mental rights have been given up,” tribal members.” But out o f 927 eligible
Mitchell began. He said there is no clear voters, only 26 percent voted in the claims
agreement to the terms o f the settlement referendum, he said.
by Penobscot and Passamaquoddy people.
McDougall objected to a part o f the
He also alleged about 30 changes have
been made in the bill.
Mitchell complained that 80 percent of
Tureen’ salary is paid by the federal
s
s u p p l ie s
government, and called this “ direct
a
D ona
c d c c "I48 Page ’
conflict of interest in principle.’
’
rttC t Catalog
Senator Mitchell asked Dana Mitchell,
The world's largest
“
what would you like to see happen?”
Indian Crafts Catalog.
Dana Mitchell said he hadn’ even see
t
More than 4,000 Items
to choose tram I
the revised bill.
Trade Beads, Tin Cones,
“
You now have 30 days,” the Senator
Brass Beads, Moire Taffeta
said.
Ribbon, Ermine Skins,
Bone Elk Teeth, Shawl
Dana Mitchell called a Penobscot
_
,
Fringe and Yam.
For free catalog,
reservation vote March 15, favoring the
bill, “ advisory referendum at best.”He
an
GREY OWL c
113-15 Springfield Blvd. *
said Penobscots did not receive due
Queens Village, N.Y. 11429
process.
iM
IN D IA N C R A F T
settlement that requires the tribes to make
payments in lieu of county taxes. She also
objected to secrecy surrounding the bill,
when it was supposedly agreed to, in
March.
“
Why haven’we seen it?”she said.
t
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“ re eager to do business with people
We’
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The store carries a full line o f tools,
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See Our Garden Supplies and Tools
For all your hardware and
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If you are 16 to 21 and not in school,
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LOVE'S AMOCO
INDIAN ISLAND
�Wabanaki Alliance August 1980
Page 9
Tracing Indians in Casco Bay history
by Randy Mardres
Ninety percent of the Indian population
on the coast of Maine died betwen 1610
and 1620. The unhappy consequence of
contact between the locals and the
emigrating Europeans did not leave much
Indian culture intact.
The native residents were very busy
just surviving and coping with the loss of
large numbers of people and there were
yet few European settlers. No one was
available afterwards to note how the
daily life had been carried on before. With
that gap, plus years of occasional warfare
and strife between Wabanakis and Euro
peans. the ways of the tribes is mostly
unknown.
There are a few archaeologists at work
in Maine, (a half dozen with PhD degrees.)
One of them is looking into the question of
Abnakis on Casco Bay.
Abnakis on Casco Bay? When?-Where
did they live? How? What did they eat?
Why? Where were the villages? How
many lived in the villages? . . . These
questions and more are being worked on
by David Yesner, Department of Anthro
pology, University of Southern Maine. No
new comer to the subject of native Ameri
cans, Yesner worked with and studied
Indians in Alaska. Now he is working to
determine what the pre-European life
styles along the coast of Maine were.
According to Yesner, the islands of
Casco Bay are a good place to do research.
Archaeology among the middens, or shell
heaps, that w ere the garbage pits of their
days, is profitable to archaeologists be
cause the basic chemical composition of
the shells neutralizes the normal acidity of
the Maine soils. This means the artifacts,
tools, utensils, and weapons made of
materials other than rock (bone, etc.) are
found and are in better condition that
from sites inland. The additional material
gives a clearer picture.
Casco Bay, the name seem s to be a
shortened version of “
Aucocisco,”mean
ing Muddy Bay and refers to Back Cove.
But even before 1614 when Capt. John
High marks
Anne Marie Akins, A Penobscot and
daughter of Mildred P. and the late Watie
Akins of Indian Island, completed her
junior year at St. Mary’ General Hospital
s
School of Nursing, Lewiston, with all A ’
s
(4.0). This is the first time that this has
been accomplished in the .history of the
school.She earned her BS from University
of Maine at Orono in 1974. She has worked
as curriculum developer of Penobscot
history, and was science, arts and crafts
teacher in the Indian School Department.
After that she developed special fitness
class for children at the Lewiston-Auburn
YWCA.
Correction
A photo caption on page three o f the
July issue o f Wabanaki Alliance incor
rectly identified Michael Murphy. He
should have been identified as uncle
and godfather to Lisa Ann Michelle
Murphy.
Smith set that name to paper on his ex
ploring trips along the coast, the Abanki,
"Kadqu’ for Blue Heron was being used.
”
Seven years earlier in 1607, on Cham
plain's map of the coast, he names Casco
Bay as ... "Marchin Bay, from the name of
the Captain who was chief there.” He . . .
“
was killed.the year that we (Champlain)
left new' France. 1607.”
Evidence already recovered shows that
life among the early pre-European Ab
nakis to have been good. They had a large
population that was formed into a loose
confederation of villages, each village with
a chief. The confederation of villages were
held together by the same language and
life styles. It was a complex society wdth a
large variety of tools, art works, honored
burials and trade with peoples far re
moved from the Casco Bay area. The
villagers lived well enough to be able to
support their older, non-productive mem
bers and the tall, graceful people found
pleasure here in Southern Maine.
When the Abnakis first came to
southern Maine is not clearly known. The
first on the coast, 4,000 to 5,000 years ago,
w ere the Red Paint People. W ere they
early ancestors of the Abnaki? Or were
they later pushed away by the arriving
Abnaki? It’ a question still to be
s
answered.
Approximately 3,000 years ago, people
who could be identified as Abnaki were
living on the southern coast of Maine. The
sea water was warmer at that time, and
quahogs were abundant. The name Quahog at Harpswell has survived to the
present. Perhaps during this warmer
period, m oose and caribou became scarce,
and living closer to the coast became more
attractive. The northeast side of Casco
Bay seem s to have been first to be
popular, and the side most intensely used.
This part of the bay had better food
supplies, being situated at the mouth of
several major rivers.
Life with these early residents of 3,000
years ago was migratory. After a summer
of gathering shellfish, netting fish and
harpooning seals and large fish (which
would be dragged home behind the boats),
a move up the rivers would be made. At
first it might have been groups from the
Androscoggin, Kennebec and Cathance
rivers who summered in the bay with the
“
Muddy Head of the Bay,” since the
islands on that side of Casco Bay appear to
be the first settled. An early name for
Harpswell Neck is “
Merriconeag”or Lazy
Carry, a place where canoes would be
dragged and lifted without unloading.
“
Sebascodeagan Island” is a place with'
“
many almost throughs,”or many port
ages, too many to name. And so, to, the
Androscoggin River or “
fish preparing,
curing place.” Runs of salmon and alewives would be collected and dried.
A snug place to make winter camp
would be set up on the rivers. During
TEACHING POSITIONS
Jr. High Level Reading Specialist
6-8 Grade Math Teacher
Special Education Teacher
Elementary Education Teacher
and a Guidance Counselor.
Applicants must have Elementary
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Apply to:^
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Calais, M E 04619
Telephone: 207-454-2126
An Equal Opportunity Employer
Indian Preference.
spring, as the snow cover became soft and
before the “
mud season”was upon them,
they would move downriver again to the
bay, to collect shellfish and go into
summer. This route ties in with the work
Yesner, his staff and a half dozen volun
teers have done the past two years, cata
loging and registering sites on that side of
the bay, at Whaleboat Island. Yesner's
group also investigated Great Diamond
Island where earlier, Helen Arey, a resi
dent, had found an unusual walrus ivory
figurine.
Two thousand years ago the picture
started to change a little. The sea water
cooled again (the colder Labrador current
is closer to the coast) and the soft shell
clams were no longer plentiful. Today
they are not found north of Cape Cod. But
the more northern hardshell clam is
plentiful and more of them are found in
the middens. The islands in Casco Bay
closer to where one day the waterfront of
Portland will be built w ere being lived on.
Corn was being raised by local residents,
learned from their brothers farther south.
This early corn or maise was raised along
the coast to its natural growth limit, at the
mouth of the Kennebec River. Maise
needs 100 to 120 frost free days to mature
and ripen.
Growing maise was sure to change the
lifestyle. Small patches along fertile river
banks could be planted. How much this
changed the way of life is a question
Yesner and his group are studying. Corn
was ground with stone grinders and they
lasted through the years. This past
summer, Yesner took soil samples from
campsites on the islands and hopes to sift
the soil and identify different seeds that
were common.
More answers will be found to fill the
gap In our knowledge of southern Maine
Indians. There will always be more
questions than answers. Workers such as
Yesner and his crew will help provide both
answers and more questions as they help
show the early life of Indians in the Casco
Bay, Greater Portland, Maine area.
fo j?
govern
I am seeking the Office o f Governor of
the Penobscot Nation. I would be very
thankful for your support in the Tribal
Election.
With the best o f my ability and
knowledge, I will serve the Penobscot
Indian People and Nation.
Please request your ballot today, by
regular mail, from Blanche Corbett,
Tribal Clerk. Election Day is to be held
on Sept. 9. 1980.
Again, I thankyouforyoursupport.
Francis C. Sapiel
Francis C. Sapiel at Town M eeting with
President Carter, 1978.
Background:
Date o f birth— 12/3/35 at Indian Island
Mother—Evelyn (Madas) Sapiel
Married—Edwina Neptune
Children—four, plus two grandchildren
Education—Granduated Old Town High
School, 1956, Two years college
Penobscot Tribal Council Member
President, Penobscot National
Historical Society
Vice-chairman. Penobscot Health &
Social Services Committee
M em ber o f Penobscot Census Comm.
M em ber of Indian Island Recreation
Committee
M em ber o f Wabanaki Corp., Inc. Board
o f Directors
Member, Haymarket Foundation Board
o f Directors
Representative for Indian Island (A.A.)
Paid for by the Candidate
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Law, Government and Community Development
Social Institutions
The faculty are the highest in their field, and w e in the Native American Studies
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If you need any information, or if you haveany qdi^ions- please feel free to contact us.
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"Alex Alday/Student Affai||rOfficer
Native American Studies,
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University o f California. Berkeley
Berkeley. California 94720
(415) 642-0245
�Page 10
Wabanaki Alliance August 1980
Penobscots caucus
INDIAN ISLAND — Gov. Wilfred Pehrson, recently hospitalized with a serious
illness, will apparently not seek another
two-year term, in Penobscot Nation
tribal elections. Sept. 9
.
Five candidates were nominated at a
caucus this month, seeking governorship
of the tribe, but one has withdrawn. Also
nominated at the caucus were candidates
for lieutenant governor and school board.
Some 75 tribal members attended the
caucus, which for several hours involved a
discussion of rules and procedures for
notifying off-reservation Penobscots.
Nominated, but reportedly no longer
running for governor, is Joseph (Jo-Jo)
Francis, a council member. Remaining
candidates are Francis C. Sapiel, council
member; tribal employee James Sappier;
Dana Mitchell; and Timothy Love, also a
tribal employee.
At one point, Andrew Akins objected to
“
rule #5“which says a candidate must be
present at the caucus to be nominated. “
I
know o f one person who is not here tonight
who wants to be nominated,”he said.
“ think if a person is that interested,
I
they should be here,” responded Eunice
Baumann-Nelson.
Baumann-Nelson made
a motion,
seconded by her sister Mildred Akins, that
any employee of a tribal office must resign
if elected. The motion was defeated.
A motion by Watie Akins that a candid
ate must resign prior elective office was
passed.
Francis Sapiel. candidate for governor,
introduced a motion that no tribal member
shall run for office if already holding an
elective post, unless candidate resigns
such post. The motion, seconded by
Sapiel's brother Sammy, was defeated. It
would have directly affected at least one of
Sapiel’ opponents, Tim Love, who is
s
currently elected representative for the
tribe to the state Legislature.
In an action that will allow candidates to
contact off-reservation Indians, Ernest
Goslin’ motion to open the tribe’ mailing
s
s
list to all candidates was passed. Some
persons feared certain candidates would
have an advantage if they only had access
to the list.
Absentee ballots were hotly debated at
the caucus, where it was finally resolved to
notify off-reservation tribal members o f all
candidates, date and time of election, and
instructions for obtaining and returning an
absentee ballot.
Dana Mitchell, candidate for governor,
said rules should make it clear ballots
should be sent to tribal clerk, and should
not be opened except at proper time and
place. He referred to alleged incidents in
the past where absentee ballots were
improperly opened.
Deanna LeBretton stood up and ob
jected, saying that Mitchell was wrong;
that there had been no “
hanky-panky”
in the past election, in which her father,
Pehrson, won the election by a small
margin o f votes.
Seeking the job of lieutenant governor
are former governor Nick Sapiel, Vivian
Massey, and Irene Pardilla.
Hoping to win election to one of six
council seats that will be vacant are:
incumbents Clara Jennings, Ernest Goslin
and Beth Sockbeson; Donna Loring, Ken
Paul, Marie King, Cheryl Knapp, Francis
Mitchell, Eunice Baumann-Nelson, Francis
Ranco, Francine Murphy, Sebastian C.
Francis, Jerry Francis and Watie Akins.
Matthew Sappier declined a nomination by
Gary Attean.
Wanting to fill two openings on the
school board are Michael Ranco, Merlene
Couturier and Deanna LeBretton. Reuben
“
Butch” Phillips was the only candidate
nominated for tribal representative to the
Maine Legislature.
Ballot box tenders named were martha
Loring, Alice Fowler, Brenda Leavitt,
Barbara Jean Francis, Doreen Neptune
Bartlett. The names of Eunice Crowley and
Debra Mitchell were removed because they
are relatives of candidates.
The caucus was chaired by tribal council
chairman Miles Francis, flanked by tribal
clerk Blanche Corbett, and Lt. Gov. Edwin
Mitchell.
Newell
quits post
(Continued from page 1)
Rhynard to discuss legal aspects of the
proposed election changes.
— Sought an opinion from tribal
lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, who was
reportedly uncertain of jurisdictional
aspects; that is, whether state or federal
regulations apply to the reservation.
There is some question about whose
laws apply on the reservation, in view of
court decisions establishing federal
criminal jurisdiction. But those deci
sions have left a void in other areas,
formerly filled by the “
blue book,”the
state’laws for Indians.
s
Cliv Dore
retains job
PLEASANT POINT — Lt. Gov. Cliv
Dore of the Passamaquoddy tribe will
retain his job.
Wabanaki Alliance learned, as this
issue went to press, that a referendum
vote this month failed to unseat the
tribal official. The vote was 128-89 in
favor of keeping Dore in the position of
lieutenant governor.
Dore indicated he was pleased with
the outcome of efforts to oust him.
Tribal Gov. Robert Newell has re
signed effective Sept. 30.
Lieutenant Governor Dore, under
pressure to leave office along with
Newell, said he has absolutely no plans
to resign. He told Wabanaki Alliance he
will fight for his job, and that he be
lieves “
methods being em ployed”
against him are illegal.
Tribal members
barred from polls
PLEASANT POINT — Off reservation
Passamaquoddy tribal members will not be
able to vote here next month, in scheduled
tribal elections here. Sept. 2.
That is the reported result o f a vote at an
election caucus here, which included
another radical action: the caucus decided
to return to a two-year term for governor
and lieutenant governor o f the tribe.
Those tribal members attending this
month’ caucus apparently concluded that
s
off reservation Indians belonging to the
tribe should not have the right to vote in
regular elections for tribal government
jobs.
In another sweeping action — the legal
ity o f which is in question and was being
reviewed at press time by lawyer Thomas
N. Tureen — the caucus voted to return
tribal elections to a biennial basis, rather
than the newly-instituted four-year term,
now halfway over.
Legality aside. Gov. Robert Newell has
unofficially said he has decided to resign
(see boxed story in this issue). He said he
made the decision “
about a month ago.”
He added that he does not regret the deci
sion, and will be circulating a statement of
his reasons to every household on the
reservation soon. Newell operates a lo g
gin g business.
Candidates nominated at the caucus to
replace Newell are tribal ju dge J. Hartley
Nicholas, and Deanna Francis. Other
contenders, not nominated, were Peter
Bailey and Maxwell (Chick) Barnes.
Lt. Gov. Cliv Dore told Wabanaki Al
liance he has no intention o f being re
placed, and that switching to the two-year
system without “
proper procedures” is
illegal. Nevertheless, two candidates for
the position of lieutenant governor were
nominated; they are Ralph Dana, and Ray
mond M oore Sr.
Ironically, Dore chaired the caucus, held
at the tribal building.
VOTE FOR EXPERIENCE
GOVERNMENT BY THE PEOPLE
TIM LOVE
GOVERNOR
Tribal Council Member — 1973-74
Indian Representative to the State Legislature — 1978-80
Land Claims Negotiating Team — 1977-80
Deputy Tribal Administrator — 1978-80
PARTICIPATE: VOTE IN THE ELECTIONS, SEPT. 9,1980
Paid for by the Candidate
Oil, gas, coal, gypsum, timber and the skill to manage them.
GeorgiaF&cific
^
�Indian court starts
■, f
f' <
<
.
-
- -
WATCH OUT, the cookie monster may grab Nicole Bassett, two years old, who munches
cookies in the arms of her father, Peter Bassett of Bangor, a Letter Sorting Machine cleric
with U.S. Postal Service. H e is a member of the Passamaquoddy Tribe. (Bill O’
Neal
Photo)
P a ssa m a q u od d y m an w an ts to
a ssist Indians with p osta l jo b s
BANGOR — Peter Bassett, a Passama
quoddy raised in this city, has been
working for the Bangor Post Office since
1972. So far as he knows, he is the only
Indian working for the postal service in the
area.
Bassett said recently-enacted federal
regulations require government agencies
to hire minorities, and in Maine, minority
people are often hard to find. “ wonder
I
why.”he said, “
there aren’more (Indian)
t
people working at the post office.”Bassett
is a Letter Sorting Machine clerk.
Bassett wants to help. “ m sure if I
I’
could get the right person to apply, and
he’ qualified and all. . . . ”He said he has
s
not seen the postal service do much to
attract minorities such as Indian people.
“
They don’make any effort at all. I talked
t
with the postmaster and they said the next
time they have a test they're going to send
out a recruiter. ”
However, Bassett said tests are very
infrequent, and are not adequately publi
cized. You have to be on a special list to be
notified, he said. “ s tough to get in,”he
It’
acknowledged.
Bassett himself is a U.S. Marine Corps
veteran, and this enabled him to enter the
postal sendee. H e had previously worked
in construction, and as a short order cook.
A graduate o f John Bapst High School in
1968. Bassett, 31, took a course in micro
biology this summer at University o f Maine
at Orono. and has attended Bangor C om
munity College one year. H e and his wife
Sheryl have two children, Nicole, two years
old, and Crystal, three and one-half
months.
Anyone interested in a postal service job
can call Peter Bassett at 942-8044. He has a
book that is helpful in preparing for
examinations given by the post office for
various jobs.
Energy funds offered
WASHINGTON — Three to seven
grants, totaling 5250,000, are being
offered to Indian tribes by federal Depart
ment o f Energy (DOE).
The Federal REgister reports that Aug.
25 is the closing date for submission of
proposals. The applicable uses o f the
grant are wide open, as long s they ‘
‘
stimu
late energy production and efficiency
among American Indians,” the register
states.
PLEASANT POINT — The first day of
tribal court here was “
very good,”accord
ing to J. Hartley Nicholas, newly-appoint
ed judge.
Six cases were handled in the court’
s
opening day this month, all o f them
misdemeanors. More serious crimes must
be handled in federal district court, Ban
gor. One case involved an assault, Nicholas
said. Court Clerk Michelle Yarmal was on
vacation at press time, so disposition of
cases will be reported in a future issue of
this newspaper.
Called a “
CFR,” or Code o f Federal
Regulations court, the Pleasant Point
Passamaquoddy judicial system is adminis
tered through U.S. Bureau of Indian
Affairs (BIA). It is the only such court in
Maine. Last year, Penobscots at Indian
Island began their own judicial system, but
Hints for good health
tional problems. The defects, further, are a
prime cause o f speech difficulties.
The list of possible causative agents
includes such diverse items as environ
mental factors,
heredity, nutritional
deficiences, stress, infectious diseases,
and radiation. The term “
environmental”
as used here refers primarily to the baby
Cleft Lip and Palate
prior to birth and may include disturbances
It is estimated that there are 1.3 children during pregnancy such as bleeding,
bom with cleft lip or palate in the U.S. for illness, operations, accidents, and drug
every 1000 live births. They are, therefore, use.
At this time, prevention of oral and facial
amoung the m ost common o f all birth
clefts is best accomplished through pre
defects.
Cleft lip is m ore common in boys that in marital counselling for those with a family
girls, and cleft palate is m ore common in history o f clefts, counselling for parents
with offspring with clefts, and the avoid
girls.
Children with cleft lip and palate present ance. where possible, o f events during
a complex multifaceted rehabilitation pregnancy that have been implicated in the
problem requiring expensive and pro environmental factors o f cleft lip and cleft
longed medical and dental treatment and palate.
F.H. Welch. D.D.S.
additional care for emotional and educa
EDITOR’ NOTE: This is a new monthy
S
column by Dr. Fenn Welch o f Penobscot
Health and Social Services Department.
Dr. Welch will gladly answer reader’
s
questions. Write to him at P.O. Box 561,
Old Town, Maine 04468.
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
Owned Homes For Sale
303 OPENINQ
Pleasant Point School Department
Perry, Maine
has opening for Language Arts
teacher, K-8, with experience in
remedial reading background in Title I
helpful, certified teacher salary range
$10,250 - 515,250. Resum es and appli
cations should be mailed to Maine
Indian Education, Box 412, Calais,
Maine 04619
Cheryls Place
Now open for business. Selling novelties, toys, games, clothes, jewelry, small
appliances, etc.
There is a 10% discount for Native Americans, either bring this ad or your
hunting and fishing license for verification.
We will donate $1.00 to Wabanaki Alliance for every person that brings this ad
and spends $5.00 or more.
Cheryl Hodgkin and Tom Thurlow
820 G ray Road (Route 202)
South W indham , M aine 04082
unlike Pleasant Point, the Penobscot court
is not associated with BIA.
Pleasant Point’ court is the second
s
Indian court ever to b e established in
Maine in this century. Court will b e held
every Monday, Judge Nicholas said. Be
fore he could become judge, he attended
training sessions and was fingerprinted.
Another Passamaquoddy, Valerie Emery,
underwent training as a paralegal, in
Washington, D.C., and has assisted in
setting up the court.
FOOTNOTE: J. Hartley Nicholas has at
press time resigned from his position as
tribal judge. H e is a candidate for tribal
governor, and Nicholas quit “ avoid
to
possible conflict of interest. ’
’
Associate Judges Reuben (Clayton)
Cleaves, and Shirley Bailey, will handle
court until Nicholas’
position is filled.
in Washington County
Equal Housing
OPPORTUNITY
ANYONE CAN BUY
YOU DON’ HAVE TO
T
BE A VETERAN
See Your Local Real
Estate Broker Or
Contact
Rt. 1, Houlton Road, Woodland
3 bedroom, garage — $28,000.00 — $500.00
D.P.
Main Street, Princeton
4 bedroom, garage, $29,500.00 — $500.00
D.P.
No. Lubec Road, Lubec
3 bedroom, garage — $31,500.00 — $500.00
D.P.
9 Academy Street, Calais
4 bedroom, ready to m ove into — $29,000.00
— $500.00 D.P.
All VA financed
J3A % interest rate
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION
TOGUS, MAINE 04330
Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433
�Page 1
2
Wabanaki Alliance August 1980
news notes
Micmac youth
wins m oose chance
MATTAWAMKEAG — A 13-year old
Micmac Indian lad has won a ticket to
hunt moose during the first, trial season on
the big beasts this fall.
Tom Vicaire, son of Mr. and Mrs. Melvin
Vicaire o f Mattawamkeag, was one o f 700
persons to win a moose season ticket in a
statewide drawing. He will be able to par
ticipate in the five day season in Septem
ber. The young Vicaire said he is de
lighted, with the prospect o f plenty o f free
meat for the freezer.
Stevens joins service
INDIAN
TOWNSHIP — Richard
Stevens, son of Mr. and Mrs. George
Stevens of the Passamaquoddy reserva
tion, has joined the U.S. Navy and is
undergoing training in the Great Lakes
area. He graduated this spring from Calais
High School, where he was on the Honor
Roll.
Flashback ph oto
Indian Day?
ORONO — As far as we at Wabanaki
Alliance know, there has been three
celebrations o f Indian day. National Indian
Day was on the 15th of August. The
Penobscot Indian Reservation of Indian
Island held theirs on the 22nd o f August,
and C.M.I.A. (Central Maine Indian
Association) celebrated theirs on the 25th
of August.
A little confusion is caused by this.
When do we celebrate Indian Day, read
ers?
Township pageantry
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — An annua!
pageant was slated here Sunday, Aug. 3, at
Peter Dana Point.
Sponsored by St. Ann’Catholic Church,
s
under the supervision o f the Rev. Joseph
Laughlin, the pageant included traditional
dancing, drumming and singing, plus
refreshments and a ceremony. All tribal
members and their friends were invited to
attend.
Helping organize the event were Faye
Nicholas and Blanche Sockabasin.
Graduates with honors
PLEASANT POINT — Marilyn Dana,
daughter of Ralph and Hazel Dana o f the
reservation here, graduated recently from
Kents Hill school, cumlaude. She plans to
attend University o f Maine at Orono this
fall.
OLD WAYS of the Passamaquoddy tribe are recalled in this early photo of three Indian
girls, wearing appropriate dresses, beads and feathers. (Photo lent by Philomene Dana of
Indian Township.)
’ candidate who gets things done'
The
Aft!
Organizations:
penobscot Indian Nation Housing Authority Chairman
NCAI (National Congress of American Indians)
FRC-ITF (Federal Regional Council - Indian Task Force)
NTCA (National Tribal Chairmen’Association)
s
DIA (Department o f Indian Affairs)
NACIE (National Advisory Council on Indian Education)
TGI (Tribal Governors Inc.)
U.S. Civil Rights Commission
MIT A (Maine Indian Transportation Association)
CETA (Comprehensive Employment and Training Act)
CFNP (Community Food and Nutrition Program)
Meals for Elderly
Scholarships
Ford Fellowship — Leadership Development Program
— Federal/State/Tribal Relations
Off-reservation Indians
Federal, State Legislation
And So Forth ...
Jim Sappier as Indian Coordinator for
Federal Regional Council.
Background and Experience:
Tribal Laws and Ordinances — Development and Application
State Laws and Federal Laws — Development and Application
Rules and Regulations — Development and Application
Comprehensive Plans, Planning and Policies
Budgeting and Finance
Writing and Reporting
Evaluations and Monitoring
Administration and Management
Grievances and Appeals
Hearings and Meetings
Coordination and Implementation
Tribal Negotiating Committee
Organizations
ELECT JIM SAPPIER
GOVERNOR
PENOBSCOT NATION
Paid for by the Committee to Elect James Sappier
�
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Division of Indian Services, Indian Resource Center, Orono, ME
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1980-08
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PDF Text
Text
^r/rn s
M
AR 31
Wabanaki
Alliance
.
“ R e ':S > ‘M
“
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TOg
Published by Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc.
67110
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^
April 1980
Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473.
ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED
State passes
claims bill
The “
white chiefs”
confer in Augusta on the day the Legislature passed the Indian land
claims settlement act. From left, Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen, Sen. Bennett D. Katz,
Augusta, tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen. The S81.5 million settlement now faces
Congressional action. See front page story.
G.M. Mitchell su e s for $350,000
INDIAN ISLAND — Former Wabanaki
Corporation Director George M. Mitchell
has filed suit in Penobscot County
Superior Court for damages totaling
$350,000 in connection with his firing from
his job one year ago.
The directors held an em ergency m eet
ing, April 18, at Indian Island, to discuss
the suit.
A former commissioner of Indian Af
fairs for the state, Mitchell, a Penobscot,
lost his job after he had made an un
successful run for governor of the Penob
scot Nation. The alcoholism and drug
abuse agency’ board of directors sent
s
Mitchell a letter in February 1979 telling
him he was fired for “
excessive involve
ment in tribal politics, and inefficient
handling of staff employees,”according to
the suit.
Named as defendants in the suit are
Wabanaki Corp., and board mem bers
Russell Socoby, Albert Dana, Melvin
Vicaire, Francis Sapiel. Richard Hamilton,
Ralph Dana, Terry Polchies, Ramona
Stackhouse and Allen Sockabasin.
Mitchell subsequently asked for a
hearing on his termination, which took
place March 21,1979. A vote was allegedly
taken dropping the charges against
Mitchell at that meeting. Then,, the suit
alleges, at the request of Allen Socka
basin, a Passamaquoddy, another vote
was taken declaring the hearing invalid
because evidence was not presented.
On March 29, another hearing was held,
and Wabanaki directors voted to uphold
the firing. Mitchell claims he did not
receive due process.
H e seeks relief of $100,000 on the first
count.
In a second count seeking $100,000,
Mitchell says he suffered “
mental and
emotional upset, humiliation and anguish.”
A third count alleges breach of contract
and violation of rights, and asks $100,000
in compensatory damages, and $50,000 in
punitive damages.
AUGUSTA — The mandate wasn’
t
overwhelming — in fact at one point it
looked like defeat for the tribes — but the
Maine Legislature this month passed L.D.
2037, an act to settle the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims.
The entire settlem ent has been sent to
Washington for Congressional action.
Gov. Joseph Brennan, longtime foe of the
land claims in his years as attorney
general, signed the bill that could end a
decade of negotiations and threatened
litigation by the tribes. Brennan said the
bill will “ the foundation to create a
lay
new era of special relationship with our
Indian neighbors, making them full-fledg
ed citizens, giving them an opportunity to
live in dignity.”
Maine has no financial obligation under
the claims agreement, and it remains to be
seen if Congress, which must foot the
$51.5 million cost of the plan, will vote
final approval in the next couple of
months.
The Maine Congressional delegation has
reportedly told the tribes it will push for
ratification, but costs — particularly the
$200 or so per-acre price to be paid large
landowners — may be questioned in
Washington. The entire settlem ent could
be signed into law by the President by
June.
Fire flattens house
INDIAN ISLAND — A fire of suspici
ous origin burned an old home to the
ground this month, and also damaged a
nearby trailer.
Tribal authorities said the blaze ap
peared to be a case of arson. Destroyed
was a vacant house owned by Paul
Francis, Sr. Forced to m ove from their
mobile home were Doug* Shirley Francis
and their baby.
In a day and one half, both the Senate
and the House ratified the $81.5 million
negotiated resolution of the original 12.5
million acre claim. The package would
provide for purchase of 300,000 acres from
major landholders who have agreed to
sell; a $27 million trust fund, and 5,000
acres for Maliseet Indians in the Houlton
area.
The Penobscots and Passamaquoddies
will divide the land and money equally, if
Congress approves the settlement. Micmac Indians, the other major tribe in
Maine, have no share in the settlement.
State Sen. Samuel W. Collins of Rock
land, who chaired a joint select committee
on the claims agreement with Rep. Bonnie
Post of Owls Head, presented the bill to
(Continued on page 8)
Bill en a cted
to aid tribes
AUGUSTA — An eleventh-hour
m ove in the Legislature secured transi
tional funds for the Penobscot and
Passamaquoddy tribes, through em er
gency legislation.
The $285,315 will bridge a gap
between the end of state Department
of Indian Affairs services and aid to the
now federally recognized tribes, and
the start-up of federal support. Lastminute lobbying efforts got the bill
passed, to cover the period July 1,1980
to Jan. 31,1981.
The Senate at first tied at 14-14 on
passage, but the bill prevailed in a
second vote, 14-12. The House passed
the emergency measure, 109-20.
Passamaquoddies air gripes about tribal government
by Bill O’
Neal
PLEASANT POINT — Vexed by ap
parent failure of tribal government to let
reservation people know what it is doing,
a“
people’committee" has been formed to
s
obtain financial and operational account
ing of tribal government activities.
Repeated frustration over alleged fail
ures of tribal council to m eet publicly
sparked the committee’ formation. Ac
s
cording to Ralph Dana, one of several
people starting the protest, when another
council m eeting scheduled in January
looked as though it would not be held,
people decided, “ don’give a damn if
We
t
the governor and council show, w e’ hold
ll
a m eeting anyway.”Only tw o councilors
attended, Dana said.
The people’committee grew out of that
s
meeting, as did a petition which asked the
tribal government to answer a number of
Lt. Governor Cliv Dore told Wabanaki
questions about the way it is conducting
its activities. The petition was signed by Alliance that the tribe is around $100,000
in debt, primarily due to housing con
85 eligible voters.
“ order for a community to be cohe struction overruns.
In
sive,” Dana remarked, “
you have to
Dana complained, “ don’ know of any
I
t
involve it in decisions. It boils back down municipality where no financial reports
to secrecy.”
One source said that often the
are released; where people are not
council itself is not aware of or does not
allowed to know. W e want to know what is
understand what the governor and Lt. happening to all this money for economic
governor are doing.
development.”
Amid rumors that Pleasant Point is
Another concern voiced by committee
deeply in debt, the petition requested a
complete disclosure to the tribe of its members was that Governor Newell was
allegedly seldom to be found at the tribal
financial status. A lth ou gh G o v ern or
Robert Newell reportedly readily agreed community building. Many complained
to this, no report has been released, yet. that he seem ed m ore interested in his
One committee m em ber said a financial logging operation than his job as gover
office was to be set up where any tribal nor, making it almost impossible to m eet
member could view the records thorough with him. One committee member ex
pressed confidence that Newell was an
ly, but that this has not been done.
able leader, but was not satisfied with his
attendance.
Tribal officials have reportedly ex
plained Newell’ absences as necessary
s
because of the pressures and tension of
the office. Newell could not be reached by
phone for comment, although he was in
the community building at the time.
Other concerns mentioned involve hous
ing, problems of vandalism and reserva
tion jurisdiction, an accounting of stumpage monies for wood taken from tribal
land, and high reservation unemployment.
Several people charged that nepotism is a
major factor in deciding who gets jobs and
new housing.
In apparent dissatisfaction with lack of
communication between tribal govern
ment and the people it serves, some
(Continued on page 1
2)
�Page 2
Wabanaki Alliance April 1980
editorials
Spring flight
Spring is a fitting time for Wabanaki Alliance to begin seeking the
financial support o f its readers. In this season o f rebirth and
optimism many other fledglings will be leaving their nests and flying
off. trying to make it on their own.
After more than two-and-a-half years in the nest, it is time for the
paper to try its wings. For more than two years now the staff o f
Wabanaki Alliance has worked in the belief that the paper is wanted
and needed in the Indian community. Charging subscriptions is the
ultimate leap o f faith in that belief.
With the land claims settlement approaching, the tribes will soon
be able to make self-sufficiency more than a Bureau o f Indian Affairs
buzz word. It is appropriate that their newspaper move in that
direction as well.
Even if everyone on Wabanaki Alliance’ old mailing list
s
subscribed (about 3,000 people), only one-third o f our budget would
be covered. Increased advertising might bring that figure up to half,
but total independence from seeking grants is well down the road.
The importance o f subscriptions extends beyond budgetary
necessity. Each new subscription is like a vote o f confidence for the
paper and encourages the staff to work even harder to merit that
trust.
Sensible census
The 1980 census may seem like a pain in the neck; just one more
form, one more questionnaire to fill out. W ho cares?
We all should. Especially Indian people. For too long, reservation
Indians and Indians elsewhere have “
not counted,” in more ways
than one. The census is not going to invade one's privacy, or in
vestigate on e’ personal affairs. But it may help the lives o f Indian
s
people, because statistics drawn from the census can be used in
justifying grants, programs and other beneficial activity.
So, stand up and be counted, as the saying goes. We urge Indians
not to resist this particular government action. Responding to the
census is one way to say “
yes, we exist.”There is a specific place to
check off “
American Indian.”
D on’be discounted.
t
An od d parallel
University o f Maine Prof. Ronald Banks was killed last spring in a
mugging incident in New Orleans (the murder had nothing to do with
Banks work so far as is known). Banks was involved in researching
the state’argument that the 1794 Nonintercourse Act did not apply
s
to Maine tribes. The Act says all treaties with Indians must be
ratified by Congress — not the case in Maine history.
In the 1700’ a-Boston land speculator named Samuel W aldo
s,
placed a plaque at Head o f Tide (Bangor), declaring the surrounding
Penobscot lands conquered. With him was Lord Westbrook, who
burned an Indian village at Old Town and later died a pauper in
1744.
But what o f Waldo? When he put the plaque in place, he dropped
dead.
'Cindy, your mother is gone'
by Cindy Hood
It was a h ot and beautiful sum m er
day. I was o u t celebrating m y birthday
o n June 15 with all m y girl friends. W e
w ent swimming, b o a t riding, having a
great time. D ebbie cam e o v er to where
I was sitting. S h e asked m e if I wanted
to g o o u t dancing at Stacey’ s o I told
s,
her I had to g o h om e and change my
cloth es and get a baby-sitter. D ebby
said all right, we will all ride h om e with
you. W e all g o t in to m y car and started
for m y hom e. W e w ere all singing
son gs and telling jo k es to each other.
W e g o t h om e and w ent into m y house.
I to ok a shower, changed m y clothes,
and got a baby-sitter. Just before we
were leaving the house, the ph one
rang. M y cousin, Belinda, answered it
and told m e m y father wanted to talk
to me. S o I g o t o n the phone, and m y
father was crying. I asked him what was
wrong, and he said to me, "C indy,
you r m oth er is gone,” and I said,
" G o n e where?” H e said, "Y ou r
Wabanaki Alliance
m oth er ju st passed away.”I hung up
the p h o n e and ran over to m y m oth er’
s
house, ran right into her bedroom . I
fou n d her o n the bed look in g up at the
ceiling, lying there, n o t m aking a
sound. I tried to wake her up. I guess I
was in shock; I ju st co u ld n ’ believe
t
that m y m oth er was gone. All m y aunts
and uncles were there with m e trying to
give m e com fort. I g o t through it all
with m y friends and family to keep me
going, bu t even today I think about
that day she died. I loved m y m other
very much. Sh e was always there when
I needed her. She helped m e o u t a lot
when m y husband walked o u t o n me
and m y tw o daughters. She loved her
grandchildren with all her heart, and
gave them love and com fort. W e often
think abou t her and h ow she loved us.
E D IT O R ’ N O T E : C indy H ood,
S
22, is a resident o f Indian T ow n sh ip
and a student at Bangor C om m u n ity
C ollege. Her mother, M ary May
Larrabee, died in June 1979.
Vol. 4, No. 4
April 1980
Published monthly by the Division o f Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center,
95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Orono
Times. Printed by Ellsworth American.
Member — Maine Press Association
Steven Cartwright, Editor
William O’
Neal, Associate Editor
Mary T. Byers
Brenda Polchies
Roberta Richter
Kathy Tomah
Reporters
Indian Island
Houlton
Pleasant Point
Indian Township
DIS Board of Directors
Jean Chavaree |
chairman]
Carroll Stevens, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
John Bailey, Public Safety Coordinator
Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor
Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature
Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director
Jeannette LaPlante. Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Clair Sabattis, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
David A. Francis, Public Safety Department
Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
Phone 827-4543
Phone 532-7317
Phone 853-4654
Phone 796-2301
Indian Island
Drrington
Pleasant Point
Indian Township
Indian Island
Indian Township
Old Town
Houlton
Pleasant Point
Houlton
DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to
this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me.
04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri
butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; 56 Canada
and overseas; $10 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.]
�Wabanaki Alliance April 1980
Page 3
letters
Discrimination
Letter from Finland
Pori, Finland
To the editor:
My name is Chris Nevalainen and my pro
fession is headwaiter.
The dearest hobby for me has always been
reading, writing and whatever concerns the
English language.
Naturally this has helped me a lot in my
work in the restaurant.
I’ like to let you know that in 1974 a fine
d
ship called T.V. State o f Maine visited the
Capital o f Finland, Helsinki for a few days
and I was fortunate enough to be able to see
all the quarters on board.
One o f the souvenirs I got was the
Wabanaki Alliance being published by your
Center and I have studied this magazine
carefully during the past days for I have
always liked people no matter where they
come from — that is to say 1 find them all
FOLLOWING TRADITION - David Sanipass, 21, and friend Garry Gallagher,
my fellowmen.
Micmacs, pound ash for basketmaking. [Sanipass Photo]
The history of people has attracted me for
a long time and the activities and the culture
o f the Indians especially.
Seeks sw eetgra ss
If possible. I’ appreciate one or two
d
Great little paper
recent copies o f Wabanaki Alliance.
Portsmouth, Va. To the editor:
Then I have another matter to present to
Our Title IV program needs a source to
To the editor:
you: this year I joined the International
purchase ash and sw eetgrass for our
Enclosed is my contribution, and please
Foundation o f Lions Clubs and I am most
student and parent groups. Can any of
start my subscription as soon as possible.
anxious to contact other “
brothers”abroad
your readers be of any assistance.
I live in Portsmouth, Va., and your
through correspondence on Lions affairs.
If you have any information that would
paper will be a great way to keep in touch.
Loves the paper
In case there are Lions among your people
be helpful to our program, please contact
I discovered the paper was still being
would you please ask them to write and tell
To the editor:
me at this address —
published on a visit home last week.
me the latest news o f their district. Thank
Will you please send me the newspaper.
Charlene D. Pully
I am looking forward to your next issue.
you so much.
I am Carol Wilcox’ mother. But she and
s
Flint Indian Education
I also think the Wabanaki Alliance is a
So in the beginning of the new decade let
her husband get the paper. I worked for
1736 Carman brook Parkway
great little paper.
us all hope that understanding and good will
two years in Houlton for the Aroostook
Flint, Michigan 48507
Gloria Neptune Kelly
between men will increase with great speed.
Indians. But I am too old now. But I love
In closing this letter I wish you all the best
the paper because there are so many
Low interest level
for the New Year 1980 and for the future
Cites im provement
people I know.
hoping that everybody will one day be able
Dorothy Wilcox
Searsport, Me.
to face all the human rights belonging to
Som ers Pt., N.J. To the editor:
him.
To the editor:
You do have a very good newspaper
Starting Metis group
I’ be looking forward to any message
ll
I have been away from home for quite which I enjoy reading, but I am afraid that
from you!
Winston Salem, N.C.
awhile, and its great to keep in touch this library’ budget is very small and I’
s
ll
Chris Nevalainen
To the editor:
through your paper.
be unable to enter a subscription this
Liisankatu 1
1
Trust you and staff are well. You
All the building and improvements that year. The subscription rate is reasonable
28100 Pori 10
published a letter in Sept. ’ paper by
79
are being made on the Island, I can read and I would do it, if there were some
Finland
William “
Rattlesnake”
Jackson relative to a
about and it’ really great for all my community interest in your newspaper.
s
Cherokee Confederacy but his mailing
people.
Unfortunately the level of interest and
Proud Cherokee
address was not given. Could you send me
Keep up the good work, your staff does awareness of Maine’ Native American
s
his complete mailing address? The South
South Casco a really great job in reporting all the culture is zero here in Searsport.
eastern Cherokee Confederacy, Inc.
interesting things at all the reservations.
To the editor:
Good luck with your paper.
Also I would appreciate it if you would
Thank you again,
I have been receiving the Wabanaki
Inez Kaiser
print my name and address in your letter
news for the past two years and I have
Sandra “
Mitchell”
Broschard
Librarian
section, I request correspondence from
enjoyed reading the editorials found
crafts people, persons who have a knowledge
therein.
o f Native American medicinal formulas
In my last receipt it told of the necessity
using roots, herbs, etc.
to charge for the news service.
Anyone interested in membership in a
I wish to continue receiving the news
Metis Indian organization, dedicated to the
sheet and if you will let me know what the
rights of Metis people and preservation of
service charge is, I shall remit promptly.
their distinct heritage? Ideally anyone is
I am of Cherokee heritage and am proud
Metis who is any degree less than full-blood
to be a real American.
Indian, Metis is not a name to be ashamed
Richard H. McKinney
of. Metis people for the most part are not
accepted by either full-blooded Indians or
Substance abuse
white communities, so Metis organizations
New York City
are places where Metis people can belong
and can contribute their abilities to con
To the editor:
I was shocked and saddened to learn o f
structive uses. What is your opinion o f such
Senabeh’death. Although I never met him,
s
an organization?
You see, with my Cherokee-Scotch-Irish
I knew about him and his struggle against
heritage I could not very well be accepted the Enemy. I always hoped that he would
within the circle of those who are puffed up make it. However, saddened as I am by
s
with pride in being “
full-blood.”As long as Senabeh’ passing, I feel that we should
blood degree is made the exclusive test of heed the advice o f Mary Harris Jones
fellowship among Indian people we can ("Mother”Jones, famous labor leader) who
Mourn for the dead, but fight like
expect to remain a divided people. Perhaps said: “
you could touch a bit on this subject in an hell for the living!”The “
living”in this case
would be alcoholic teenagers cited in the
editorial. You have a fine writing ability.
My ideals are the same as those o f my letter from Pleasant Point on page 3 o f the
Penobscot-Metis brother, Charles Colcord,
January issue, as well as their alcoholic NEW WABANAKI LOGO—This symbolic Indian logo was drawn freehand for Wabanaki
head o f the NYC Chapter Nat’ Assoc, of elders. The “
l.
fight”would take the form o f a Alliance by Passamaquoddy Indian artist Alfred Dana, who lives in Etna. The canoe
represents the “
vehicle,”
this newspaper; the four diamonds on the circle represent the
total program against substance abuse. The
Metis Indians.
four directions and Micmacs, Maliseets, Penobscots and Passamaquoddies. Eagle
situation is bad and it is getting worse. The
Anyone there have the recipes for Indian
Alnurbeg (“
People” really have no choice in feathers, a sun [or sunflower] and traditional motifs make up the rest of the design. A
)
fry bread, beef jerkey, pemmican?
“ and an “ can be found if you look hard. Wabanaki Alliance is proud to adopt this
W”
A”
Let me hear from you. Wish you the best.
this matter. It is a question of survival.
design for its stationery.
Charley Colcord
Augustus Webb
Searsport
To the editor:
When does an Indian become a non
Indian? Does he forfeit his right when
he leaves the reservation?
Most of us left because we had no
choice. I left when times w ere hard
(before the computer Indian) I had no
place to stay — never knowing where
the next meal was coming from. So did
my sister — she died of cancer — not
being able to get aid from the Indians
or the state. At the time Gov. Curtis
was “
working on it.”
So far the off-reservation Indian still
has no rights, unless you’ non Indian
re
and marry one, then you com e into all
these rights.
Who is more Indian than my husband
and me and our children?
Recently my son was refused medi
cal treatment because we aren’within
t
“
piggeddy”
distance from the reserva
tion — 38 miles perhaps, the line is thin
isn’it?
t
So tell me — when is an Indian
considered an Indian, when his nose
turns brown?
Christine Nicholas
�Page 4
Wabanaki Alliance April 1980
Karate a way out of problems for young Indian man
SOMERSWORTH, N.H. - Like many
Indians living off-reservation, Craig San
born had to bear the usual share of racial
prejudice. He found an unusual way of
dealing with it, however.
“ until about 15 I sort of played
Up
Indian, as you see in books," he said. Until
then, "playing Indian”had been fun, he
said, but as he got older he “
started
running into prejudice." People no longer
reacted to his being Indian the same way.
' By to, I Had an identity problem and was
•
heavily into alcohol and drugs.”
Ironically, it was the prejudice which
made him think seriously about what it
meant to be Indian. “
When I got into the
prejudice,” said, “ got proud and kind
he
I
of hard.”
At this stage he received som e help
from an unexpected source — a master of
karate. Sanborn began studying karate
and then judo when he was 13; however,
at 15 he met John Mason; a holder of black
belts in five different styles of martial art.
In 1975, Mason founded a new style of
karate, Che-lu, which Sanborn said, “ a
has
basic philosophy of style Indian people
could relate to. All nationalities working
together to help each other and them
selves.”
According to Sanborn, Che-lu's em
phasis on harmony between people and
styles helped him to resolve the conflicts
of nationality within himself.
In the process he earned a black belt in
karate and is currently ranked 6th in the
nation in the Amateur Athletic Union’
s
lightweight division. He practices two
hours a day and expects to com pete in the
national championships in July.
Sanborn works as a security guard at
Seabrook nuclear pow er plant. He was on
duty during the most recent anti-nuclear
power demonstrations. “ lot of the
A
demonstrators were my friends,”he said.
He said pow er company officials don’
t
involve the guards in decisions. “ don't
I
really seek it (involvement) out,” said.
he
He is considering starting a karate
school on or near Indian Island in a year or
two, he said. “ have the knowledge of
I
style and the teaching abilities, but I’
m
not ready emotionally,” said.
he
“ don’ really know many people up
I
t
here,”he said, adding that he hopes to
make visits to get to know people in the
area gradually.
Sanborn t h i n k s t h a t a k a r a t e s r h n n l f n r
Indians could help with many of the
problems on the reservations. “ helped
It
me, maybe it would help them. It would
draw them together by having something
in common. It would give them release
and something to be proud of.”
Craie Sanborn, ahnvp. » Ponnhct-n* and
member of the Che-Lu. Society of the
Golden Mantis Karate School, will travel
to far-off Trindad this month [April 19], to
participate in an international karate
competition. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs.
Craig Sanborn of Millinocket.
Ramapoughs gain status
M A H W A H , N.J.— A n e s tim a te d
3,000 p e o p le living at poverty-stricken
Stag Hill, and know n as K am apough
M o u n t a in P e o p le , a re s e e k in g
recognition as an Indian tribe.
Justice Department won't cloud claims
W A S H IN G T O N — Secretary o f the
Interior C ecil A ndrus says the U.S.
Justice Departm ent will not seek
"o ffsets”against future m oney awards
in Indian claim s cases for federal
m onies paid ou t under the Indian SelfDeterm ination Act.
" I was concerned that the tribes not
b e m ade reluctant to take over the
responsibilities for many o f the
programs in operation o n their land,”
said Andrus. "T h e provisions o f the
Indian Self-Determination A ct easily
cou ld be frustrated if the trade-off for
self-determination is a clo u d ovpr
pending tribal claims,”Andrus said in
a press release.
In a letter dated February 1, 1980,
S e c r e t a r y A n d r u s u r g e d th e
Department o f Justice to exercise its
d iscre tio n by n o t claim in g selfdetermination funds as offsets under
the 1946 Indian Claim s C om m ission
Act. This act allow s the U nited States
to o ffs e t " f u n d s exp en ded ^
g r a t u i t o u s l y ’ b y th e f e d e r a l
’
government for the benefit o f Indian
a g a in s t
any
m on eta ry
aw ard
made in a claim against the United
States.
The question arose in connection
with a recent T u rtle M ountain
Chippewa claim award against which
millions o f dollars given to the tribe
might have been offset as grants under
the Indian Self-Determination Act.
Justice has decided not to offset claims
for self-determination m oney in this
case and has stated that it will not claim
such offsets in future cases.
U n d e r the 1975 Indian SelfD eterm in ation Act, Indian tribes
co u ld contract with the Bureau o f
Indian Affairs to take over program s in
operation on their reservation land.
Such program s range from health
services, sch o ols and welfare program s
to law enforcem ent, fish hatcheries
and forestry. If a tribe is n o t ready to
assume operation, grants are available
to train and otherw ise prepare the tribe
for eventual take over.
M assive repudiation o f the selfdeterm ination program by Indian
tribes as a result o f offsets in claims
awards co u ld cause serious m anpow er
and m onetary repercussions for the
Bureau o f Indian Affairs, as well as
deny the tribes these management
opportunities, BIA officials said.
Already the state o f N ew Jersey has
a ccorded the M ountain P eop le status
as Indians, and the next hurdle will be
acknow ledgem ent as a tribe by U.S.
Bureau o f Indian Affairs (BIA). N ew
J erse y A s s e m b ly m a n W . C ary
Edwards said the com m u n ity has been
discrim in a te d against, and " th e
learning o f their heritage has given
t k e m a n i d e n tity t b e y c a n b e p r o u d o f.
Th ey are n ot just a dis-jointed grou p o f
m alcontents as others around here
believed.” Edwards co- spon sored a
resolution recognizing the grou p as
Indian— the first such resolu tion in
N ew Jersey since 1801.
T h e M ountain P eople have been
know n locally as Jackson W hites, and
are thought to be descen ded at least in
part from blacks and Dutch farmers. A
historian w h o lived with the M ountain
P eople for a year maintains the grou p
cannot rightly claim to be Indian.
"T h ey ju st d o n ’ want to accept the
t
fa c t that th eir a n c e s t o r s w ere
predom inantly black,” said David S.
Cohen.
A ccordin g to a recent magazine
article, the term Jackson W hites
derives either from Jacks (blacks) and
whites (ancestors), o r from a sea
captain nam ed Jackson w ho was
su pp osed to bring white English
prostitutes to British tro o p s in nearby
N ew York during the R evolution; but
instead brou gh t 400 W e st Indies black
w o m e n — k n o w n as " J a c k s o n ’
s
W hites.”
If denied Indian status by BIA, the
R am apough M ountain P eople will still
consider them selves Indian, descended
from Tuscarora and Delaware Indians.
N ew Jersey State Senator Matthew
Feldman, a resolution sponsor, said,
" S o what if they're not (Indian)?
They've never had anything to be
really prou d o f before. W h y try to take
this away from them?”
Loving care for your car
WANTED
INFORMATION ON THE
W HEREABOUTS OF
Mr. Maurice A.. Richards, formerly of
Bangor, Houlton, New Vineyard. Mr.
Richards is an excellent photographer,
a native of Princeton, with many fine
photos of Indian Township in early
times. If you know where he is,
contact:
WABANAKI ALLIANCE
95 MAIN STREET
0R0N0, MAINE 04473
We offer a reward of one year’ free
s
subscription to the newspaper.
Tune-ups
LOVE'S AMOCO
INDIAN ISLAND
Tires
�Wabanaki Alliance April 1980
Page 5
Claims statute extended
WASHINGTON — A Congressional
House Sub-committee acting on a Senatepassed bill to extend the statute of limi
tations for certain claims by the U.S. on
behalf of Indians — approved a modified
version which would extend the deadline
two years to April 1,1982.
The Senate bill, granted an extension to
December 31, 1984, with a proviso that
the claims had to be identified by
December 1981.
The House version will be voted on by
the full Judiciary Committee before reach
ing a floor vote. Prospects for passing the
two-year extension now seem good since
no statement of opposition have been sub
mitted. Congressman Morris Udall ex
pressed his support for the bill in a state
ment submitted to the sub-committee.
At the hearings Feb. 27, Rick Lavis, for
Indian affairs, recommended the two-year
extension as being sufficient. He reported
that the U.S. Interior Department had
already sent about 300 litigation requests
covering more than 4,000 claims to the
Justice Department. He said he doubted
the department could possibly get these
claims into court by April 1, 1980.
Lavis said that the Interior Department
had also rejected about 4.000 claims as not
worth litigation; had helped resolve about
600 claims: and had about 2,000 claims
pending at various levels in the claims
process. Speaking of the eastern land
claims, Lavis said it is “ likely that any
not
will be settled before the April 1 deadline,
with the possible exception of the Cayuga
claim in New York. And we anticipate that
a number of the eastern tribes will file
large title-clouding lawsuits before April 1
if the statute of limitations is not ex
tended,” said.
he
CMIA baskets reach 300
T h e C en tra l M ain e In d ia n
A ssociation Christm as basket effort
served approximately 300 p e o p le in
th e f o l l o w i n g
c o u n tie s
in
M aine: A n d ro sco ggin , A r o o s to o k ,
C u m b e r la n d , K e n n e b e c , K n o x ,
P en obscot, Som erset, W a sh in gto n
a n d Y o r k a n d th e f o l l o w i n g
states: Arizona and Pennsylvania.
A b ou t 150 p e o p le attended the
Christmas party which was held at the
Indian R e so u rce C enter, O r o n o .
C M IA h opes next year to include
many m ore people in the Christm as
get-together. "It is up to all o f us to
m a k e it h a p p e n . T h a n k s f o r
participating this year, and h op e to see
you next year,” said Marta Conlin,
C M IA health and social services
director.
C on lin said thanks are o w ed to all o f
the people w h o helped with the
donations to and the organization o f
the 1979 Christm as Basket E ffort and
the Christmas Party, including bu t not
lim ited to:
The C.M.I.A. Staff
Rachel Sock beson
John and Mary Isaac
Alice C on lin
Ann Pardilla
Footm an’ Dairy
s
Chiquita Banana
Reverend D o n Daigle
Charmaine M eyers
D o u g ’ S h o p &. Save,
s
O ld T o w n and U n ion Street
E m erson ’ Brewer
s,
B oy S cou t T r o o p #2, Bangor
Father Vershawn
M ark and Bridget W o od w a rd
T h om as Sock b eson
John and D olores M itchell
Ralph Th om as
Th e W abanaki Alliance
T h e O ron o k a Restaurant
G &. L Produce
Th e R everend John Crozier
St. A n drew ’ E piscopal Church,
s
Bangor
D ebbie Brooks
St. M ary’ Catholic Church,
s
Bangor
Th e H ock ey B ooster’ C lu b
s
D H R S Big Brother/Big Sister
Program, O r o n o
A l and C arol Dana
D ebbie Astle
Jeannette LaPlante
C arolyn Peppin
Bangor C andy C om p an y
LaBree’ Bakery
s
T h e Dept, o f Indian Affairs
Sam psons, O ld T ow n
Finast, Bangor
Helen Dyer
St. John’ C atholic Church,
s
Bangor
Mrs. Lucien Peppin,
Florence, Mass.
To fee blessed
Kateri Tekakwitha, a 17th century Mohawk woman who is a candidate for sainthood,
will be “
blessed” Pope John Paul, June 22. To be so blessed is the final stage before
by
canonization. In this painting by German artist Carl Link, the model was the late Molly
Spotted Elk [Mary Alice “
Molly Dellis”Archambeau], a Penobscot from Indian Island.
Her sister, Mildred Akins, has worked hard in the cause of Kateri, the Lily of the
Mohawks. Mrs. Akins’
work was described in a story in last month’Wabanaki Alliance.
s
Kateri, a smallpox victim at age four, died at 24, after a life of religious devotion and
virginity.
FBI m iscon du ct cited
W A S H IN G T O N — T h e U.S. C om m is
sion o n C ivil Rights has made
recom m en dations to C on gress to
insure that m iscon d u ct by FBI agents is
fully investigated, and fairly resolved.
In testim ony b efore the Senate
J u d ic ia r y C o m m it t e e la s t fall,
c o m m i s s i o n C h a ir m a n A r th u r
Flem m ing presented the co m m issio n ’
s
co n c e r n s related to cu rren t FBI
com plaint handling mechanisms. H e
cited prob lem s created by the Bureau’
s
" W o u n d e d K nee”occupation, as well
as "officia l excesses”against activities
in the black civil rights m ovem ent.
"T h ere are person s o n the Sou th
D a k ota Indian reservation s w h o
perceive it to b e the m ission o f the FBI
t o su p p ress d issen t and radical
political activity o n the part o f the
Indian people, rather than to act as an
impartial investigative agency,”he said
in testimony.
Th e co m m issio n asked that the FBI
C h a r te r A c t o f 1979 in c lu d e
provision s to insure that a form al
co m p la in t p r o c e s s in g system b e
developed, that affected com m unities
b e told h ow it works, and that all
com plainants be told in writing o f the
receipt o f their com plaints and their
final dispostion. A lso, that the FBI be
required to co m p ile and m on itor
statistics o n types o f com plaints it
receives.
SKITIKUK
OUTFITTERS
Specialists in Wilderness Travel
SALES - RENTALS - GUIDE SERVICE
Featuring IGAS Island Packs and Travelling G e a r
COME BY AND SEE US
WIDE-EYED Frannie Bailey, daughter of Joseph and Grace Bailey of Pleasant Point,
met with Santa last Christmas, in this photo lent by Maxwell Barnes of Pleasant Point.
Mr. Claus hails from Eastport.
38 Main St.
O ro n o
866-4878
�Page 6
Wabanaki Alliance April 1980
Apprentice program
trains toward career
INDIAN ISLAND — “
This program is a
one-of-a-kind, both for what w e’ doing
re
here and the apprenticeship program,”
said Richard “
Dick”
Hagenbuch, in charge
of a new approach in giving young men a
lease on life.
Hagenbuch’ mechanics course is more
s
than how to fix motors. It is a way to
recover from drop-out status; to build selfconfidence and at the same time build the
ability to earn a living.
The course isn’ easy for ten students
t
enrolled (only one drop-out as of press
time). It takes three years to com plete the
full curriculum, but when done, students
will receive certification from a national
board. “ get that diploma they will have
To
to pass the tests that are given by the
National Institute for Automotive Service
Excellence,”
said Hagenbuch.
That means an 80 per cent average in
four out of six categories of study. “
You
don’want a bunch of numnuts out there
t
working on your car,”says Hagenbuch,
45, a Washington, D.C. native who has
operated his own shop.
The apprentice program is conducted in
the state Indian Affairs building at the
Penobscot reservation, and was recently
certified by the Maine Department of
Vocational Education and federal Depart
ment of Labor. A $25,000 special grant
from the Governor’ discretionary fund
s
got the program rolling last fall.
Hagenbuch said a proposal seeking
$400,000 is in the works.
Participants in the apprenticeship pro
gram get paid $3.10 per hour, for a 40-hour
week. Chrysler Corporation and General
Motors have contributed engines to work
on, and textbooks. Dead River Company
of Maine chipped in $1,000.
Hagenbuch has been living in a cramped
backroom of the Indian Affairs building,
beside his paintings. His wife and five
children are still in Houlton, where Hagen
buch taught at Southern Aroostook Vo
cational. He commutes weekends. Despite
the hardships, which include discipline
and a lot of back talk from students, he is
enthusiastic about his job.
Probably the best insight into the
apprenticeship program is through the
apprentices, who talked with this re
porter.
Calvin Francis, 22, said “
the class, I
think/is smart and we learn a lot. I was
living in Connecticut, and I didn’ per
t
sonally like the city and the way people
treated each other. I always wanted to be
a mechanic. It keeps us off the streets. It
keeps us out of trouble."
Mike Murphy, at 17 just below the
specified 18-30 age range for the program,
commented, “ was working on YACC
I
(Young Adult Conservation Corps at
Indian Island) and I knew there wasn’
t
any future in that, so I saw this program
and came down and signed up,”he said,
adding that “ doesn’mean I’ make this
it
t
ll
my trade. I want to learn a lot of things.”
Ron Lacasse, another student, said
simply, “ think this program’ going to
I
s
help me with my future.”
Enrolled along with Lacasse, Murphy
and Francis are Danny Francis, Tom
Burns, Steve Hamilton, Everett Loring,
Richard Loring, Richard Sapiel and Timo
thy (Neptune) Shay.
Penobscots place in foot race
BANGOR — The coach’ son on the
s
Andrew Sockalexis — named after a
famous Penobscot Indian runner — Track
Team, placed first in a recent race here.
Chris Ranco of Indian Island won the
boys and girls under age 10 division in, 22
minutes, 26 seconds over a 5-kilometer
course. Chris is the son of Indian Island’
s
track team coach, Michael Ranco. The race
was sponsored by St. Joseph’ Hospital.
s
Jamie Knapp, son of Cheryl Knapp of
Indian Island, also placed.
Another winner, in the 40-and-over
category, was Jeannette LaPlante, a Pen
obscot, from Old Town, whose time was
23:15.
tucnara nagenDucn, lelt, mechanics program instructor, oversees Penobscot students
as they re-assemble an automobile engine they have refurbished. Students learii by
doing, and if they make a mistake, they try it again.
Opinion
Where is white man's honor?
by Debbie Ew er
We used his language,his religion, his
My people w ere free and happy. We culture. We learned to use his laws. We
called each other brother. W e had a learned to educate ourselves. We learned
simple, carefree way of life. W e w ere good
to stand up and say, “ are not dumb.
We
people. We w ere brave and honest. There W e are your equals. We are your
was no stealing. When one person
brothers.”
admired another’ bow or moccasins w e
s
Where was his honor? Where was his
simply gave them to that person.
fear? We knew. It was there grow ing in
Then came the white man. He taught us his mind.
to be wary of our brothers. H e taught us
W e challenged him. In his laws, in his
to cheat and steal. H e taught us to scalp
courts. W e wanted back our land, our
our brother. He taught us w e w ere not spirit. He says this cannot be. What his
free and happy.
father did was long ago. It was not him.
Where was the white man’ honor? How can we blame him for the actions of
s
W here was his love for his brother? We his father?
did not know.
. Where is his honor now? This we do not
One day he would call us brother. The know.
next day he would rape our wom en and
EDITOR’ NOTE: Debbie Ewer, a
S
murder our children. He stripped us of our Penobscot, attends Bangor Community
land. He said it does not belong to all, only
College. She is married, the m other of
to one man.
three children, and lives in Old Town..
W here was his honor? W here was his
truth. W e did not know.
He put us on reservations. If the land
CAN’ FIND A JOB?
T
turned out to b e good, he put us someplace
else.
He took away our language, our
religion, our spirit. And then he called us
brother. He gave to us his culture, his
religion, his language. And then he called
us dumb.
Where was his honor? W here was his
love for all people, who he called equal?
W e did not know.
Would you like to be trained as a ...
Bookkeeper
Secret ary/Stenographer
Clerk Typist
Nursing Assistant
If you are 16 to 21 and not in school,
v
the Penobscot Job Corps Center has
trainin g programs which may be of
interest to you.
The Penobscot Job Corps Center
provides all trainees with a place to
Job Openings
live, meals, health care and a cash
monthly stipend while you learn. And
OUTREACH WORKER
when you finish, w e’ also help you
ll
Central Maine Indian Association
find a job.
(CMIA) seeks CETA-qualified appli
SOUND GOOD?
cants to fill three positions o f Outreach
IT JS GOOD'.
worker in its organization. An oppor
ASK FOR JOB CORPS
tunity to work with and for Indian
—in the Portland area—775-7225
people.
—in the Auburn area—786-4190
—in the Bangor area—947-0755
For further information, contact:
—or toll free anywhere in Maine
CENTRAL MAINE INDIAN
at 1-800-432-7307
ASSOCIATION
ASK FOR
95 Main Street
JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT
Orono, Maine 04473
Telephone 207-866-5587
TRY THE
Job Corps
RUNS IN THE FAMILY — Known for musical talent, the Akins family of Indian Island
may produce another musician; young Trevor Akins, son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew
Akins. His late grandfather, Watie Akins, was a well-known band leader, arranger and
composer. His grandmother is Mildred Akins of Indian Island.
�Wabanaki Alliance April 1980
Page 7
Holmes gets eight-year prison term in Loring case
I G O R — W i l l i a m Alt.nn H n l m p s 95?
BANGOR — William Alton Holmes, 23,
was found guilty of manslaughter recently
in Federal District Court, on the heels of
last summer’ landmark jurisdiction case
s
that put Indian territory under federal
rule for major crimes.
Holmes was convicted in the death of
Penobscot Indian, Adrian Loring, 29, who
was found stabbed to death at Indian
Island, July 14,1979. Holmes was describ
ed as an Alabama drifter.
He was sentenced by Judge Edward T.
Gignoux to eight years in federal prison,
following a four day trial that concluded
with the jury having dinner in Bangor
under guard, then returning to reach their
decision.
In the final round of arguments, prose
cutor James W. Brannigan, a federal
attorney, said that on July 13, Adrian
Loring was “
barely able to walk,”accord
ing to Pauline Love of Indian Island. An
a n t n n c u showed Loring’ alcohol blood
j
autopsy eViPT.rarl T
s
level at .35, Brannigan said.
Earlier in +-u„ trial. Holmes +__ u „
the
testified he,
Loring and Francis drank alcoholic bever
“ that a guy who’looking for a fight? ages starting about 10 a.m., and consumed
Is
s
You have to use your common sense, various narcotics, including a pain-killer
ladies and gentlemen,”
Brannigan told the tab obtained from a dentist, marijuana,
angel dust”and the animal tranquilizer
jury, while a courtroom partly filled with “
PCP.
interested Indian persons listened.
Gignoux said he found the amount of
Brannigan said a “
love triangle”
existed
between Loring, Holmes and Eloise drugs and alcohol Holmes claimed he
consumed was not. believeable.
Francis of Indian Island. “
When Adrian
Warren M. Silver, Bangor lawyer
Loring and Eloise Francis turned into that
driveway, who was the loser in the love representing Holmes, told the jury in a
poor Adrian Loring.
triangle? Unfortunately, Adrian Loring sarcastic tone, “
“ e don’know what happened because
W
t
was slashed over the eye and stabbed in
we weren't there. Only William Holmes
the heart,”
Brannigan said.
know for sure. Silver
According to police officers who arrest and Eloise Francis”
w re
ed Holmes near Indian Island bridge. said. He told the jury, “ e’ only
guessing, ladies and gentlemen.”
Holmes repeated, “ he dead, is he dead?
Is
Silver painted a picture of Loring as
I never cut anyone before. H e was like a
When Adrian Loring said to him
brother;” Later, Holmes allegedly re violent. “
(Holmes), T m going to beat your brains marked, (it was) “ over a bitch; I hope
all
out,’ (Holmes) had to take him very
he
she’happy now.”
s
seriously," the defense lawyer said.
At one point. Silver reminded the jury
that witnesses who had taken the stand,
including Eloise Francis, had been drink
ing the morning of the day they testified.
“
You’ decide if someone who com es to
ll
U.S. District Court drinking is someone
you can believe,”Silver said.
His closing argument centered on the
“
many evidences of the victim’violence,”
s
and that Holmes, with one arm, acted in
self-defense.
Brannigan disputed the “
guessing”
Silver referred to.
Holmes sat calmy beside Silver, leaning
back in his chair, occasionally rubbing his
eyes. He was easily distinguishable with
his one arm.
Gignoux reminded the jury, prior to
their deliberations, that they need not
have a “
mathematical certainty" of guilt,
but must have a “
strong and abiding con
viction” of Holmes’guilt or innocence.
“
Neither sympathy nor prejudice should
enter your deliberations,” the ju dge
instructed the jury.
Gignoux explained that manslaughter is
“
without malice,” whereas a murder
charge implies malice. Manslaughter
covers a death resulting from “ heat of
the
Suellen Speed
passion or a sudden quarrel.”
Tribal affluence leads to
Northeast Bank branch
PRINCETON — Although it’ the
s
smallest branch of the business, the new
offices of Northeast Bank here stand to
prosper.
That’ because of the major reason
s
Northeast decided to risk opening a
branch in this tiny border town: the
nearby Passamaquoddy Tribe at Indian
Township.
The million-dollar business of running
the tribe, plus millions of dollars an
ticipated through settlement of land
claims, figured greatly in the decision by
Northeast Bankshares President Halsey
Smith, and top officials, to locate an office
in Princeton.
Of course, as Princeton Town Manager
David Holt points out, pulpwood and
timber are still the bulk of industry in the
area, and Georgia-Pacific is the major em
ployer in the region. (The Passamaquoddy
Lumber Company, employing 70 persons,
is expected to be purchased by the tribe
through settlement monies.)
The bank branch opened last spring,
after a survey was completed and a
petition drive undertaken. Holt said
Firefighters train
PLEASANT POINT - Three Passa
maquoddy Indians from this reservation
recently completed firefighting training at
Northern Maine Vocational Technical
Institute (NMVTI). They w ere Fire Chief
Maxwell “
Chick”
Barnes, Billy Barnes and
Gilbert Tomah. The Barnes’ ere attend
w
ing their second year, Tomah his first year
of the two-week course.
Summer recreation
available for kids
I f any parents w ou ld be interested in
having their children participate in the
Central M aine Indian A ssociation
su m m er recrea tion program this
co m in g summer, please notify 'the
C M IA office as so o n as possible.
T eleph on e 866-5587/5588.
SPECIAL W INTER ASSISTANCE
PROGRAM
FOR SEASONAL WORKERS
A T T E N T IO N
You or someone you know may be
eligible for a new winter assistance
program for seasonal and migrant
workers.
This program is basically for in
dividuals and families who have not
received the regular fuel assistance
that the state o f Maine has offered this
winter.
YOU MAY BE ELIGIBLE IF:
1 You or someone in your family has
worked at least 25 days in the last two
years in seasonal agriculture, woods
work, fishing, clamming, fish packing,
fir tipping, or other seasonal farm, fish
or forest occupations. This includes
clamdigging, berry raking, potato pick
ing, haying, working as a woodcutter
on someone else’land or cutting wood
s
on your own land, work in food pro
cessing plants that is not year round,
etc. If you are not sure whether your
work qualifies you, get in touch and
ask.
WHAT KINDS OF ASSISTANCE
ARE AVAILABLE?
Under this program you may receive
assistance which will enable you to pay
for the following kinds of items and
services:
1. FUEL (any kind, including wood,
oil, kerosene, coal)
2. UTILITY BILLS which are due or
overdue
3. LP GAS
4. WARM CLOTHING AND
BLANKETS
5. STOVES AND REPAIRS TO
FURNACES AND HEATING
SYSTEMS
6. FOOD
7. MEDICAL CARE
8. Some RENT ASSISTANCE in
in special circumstances
C ery P
h ls lace
Now open for business. Selling novelties, toys, games, clothes, jewelry, small
appliances, etc.
There is a 10% discount for Native Americans, either bring this ad or your
hunting and fishing license for verification.
W e will donate $1.00 to Wabanaki Alliance for every person that brings this ad
and spends $5.00 or more.
OPEN FOR BUSINESS!
David Holt
P a ssam aqu odd y tribal o fficial R o ger
Gabriel co-operated in efforts to attract
Northeast. The bank’ nearest branches
s
are located in Machias and Lincoln. Two
other banks rejected Princeton; one of
them was Merrill Trust Company, it was
revealed.
Bank branch manager Suellen Speed
said she was not at liberty to disclose
statistics about accounts, but acknow
ledged, “ carry a lot of Indians.”
we
Speed,
who started at the branch as teller, said
T m sure it will survive.”There are now
three tellers.
Finally, after dinner at Benjamin’
s
Tavern, the 12-member jury plus four
alternates returned to the courtroom. In
dividually polled, the jurors had reached
their verdict: guilty.
Silver sought to have bail set for his
client, but Brannigan argued that “
the
defendent has no roots . . . under the
circumstances, there should be no bail.”
Gignoux concurred.
If you think you or someone you
know may be eligible for the kinds of
assistance outlined here, please send a
postcard to: ECAP Outreach Worker,
Route 1, Box 74-1, Steuben, Maine
04680. Give your name, address and
phone (if you have one). Or call: 5467293 or toll free in Maine at 1-800-4321766 for m ore information.
IMPORTANT! YOU MUST APPLY
BEFORE JUNE 30, 1980.
�Page 8
Wabanaki Alliance April 1980
State ratifies claim s bill
(Continued from page 1
)
the Senate. He compared it to appendici
tis, saying that if he was given a 40 per
cent chance of dying if he didn’ have his
t
appendix out, he would have it out. He
was referring to the 60-40 win-lose odds
the state would face if it took the claims to
court, according to James D. St. Clair,
lawyer for the state.
Collins, tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen
and state Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen
fielded questions during a Senate caucus
at the state house.
Attempts to bring the claims to a refer
endum vote by Maine citizens failed; first
in the Senate, when Sen. Howard Trotzky
of Bangor lost a bid for referendum by
16-13; later in the House, when Rep. John
M. Norris of Brewer brought a motion for
referendum that was defeated 97-42.
The actual bill had to b e voted on twice
in both chambers, first for passage, then
for enactment. In the Senate, the vote was
19-9 to pass, 17-10 to enact. In the House,
87-51, to pass, and 84-47, to enact.
Emotions reached peaks during debate
in the House and Senate. In the House,
Rep. Antoinette C. Martin of Brunswick
said the bill is the least that could be done
for Indians, who have a history of being
mistreated. On the other hand, Rep.
James T. Dudley of Enfield said there
would be violence in his District, and
someone might drop a match and burn
down the woods, with Indians as neigh
bors.
Tureen was overhead between votes as
saying, “ they don’ go for it, then we’
If
t
ll
go for it.”
Border protest
Maliseets, with support from other tribes, spent a day of protest this month at the
Canadian border near Fort Fairfield, Maine. About 80 Indians, led [above] by Wayne
Nicholas and wife, Kathy, of Tobique R eserve [New Brunswick], demonstrated their
objection to deportation of a Maliseet, and other Jay Treaty violations. The treaty says
Indians may freely cross border, but Canada never ratified it. U.S. Customs is at right;
marchers crossed and re-crossed border without incident.
Supreme Court declines appeal
WASHINGTON — The U.S. Supreme
Court has refused to take up an appeal by
the State of Maine of last summer’
s
Sockabasin-Dana case, in which a state
supreme court ruled that Indian reserva
tions are not subject to state jurisdiction.
The convictions for arson of Passamaquoddy tribal members Albert C. Dana
and Allen J. Sockabasin were overturned
by the state’ highest court in July 1979,
s
in a decision that bolstered the tribe’
s
pending land claims.
Dana and Sockabasin went free, follow
ing the landmark ruling, but now that the
federal court has refused to hear the
appeal by Maine, they could possibly face
court action again. Dana and Sockabasin
were convicted for attempting to burn the
Indian Township elementary school in
1977.
After the supreme court declined the
appeal, tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen
commented, “ e’ very pleased and feel
w re
much vindicated.”
Maine Atty. Gen. Richard S. Cohen, on
the other hand, admitted he was “ e
som
what disappointed."
Indian Island painting
removed for restoration
INDIAN ISLAND — An 18th century
painting of the Crucifixion, a fixture at St. Tribal lawyer Thomas N. Tureen, left, chats with state Sen. Dana C. Devoe of Orono,
Ann’ Catholic Church for decades, was ju st prior to Senate vote on land claims settlement bill.
s
removed this month by Maine State
Museum personnel.
When the painting returns some
months hence, it will glow with the results
of a tedious restoration process that will
begin in Cooperstown, N.Y., under the
hands of experts. An estimated $10,000
will be invested, according to the Rev.
John Civiello of St. Ann’ Church. In
s
charge of the delicate operations is Dr.
Richard Michael Gramly, a Museum
employee. Gramly said the Museum is
glad to help out the Penobscot tribe.
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
Owned Homes For Sole
in Washington County
Equal Housing
OPPORTUNITY
ANYONE CAN BUY
YOU DON’ HAVE TO
T
BE A VETERAN
See Your Local Real
Estate Broker Or
Contact
LAST INDIAN — Seventy-year-old Charles Bernard says he is “ only Indian left”
the
at
St. Brasile Reserve in Canada, near Madawaska, Maine. There are about 60 persons at
the reserve, but they are not really Indian, he says. A widower and retired variety store
proprietor in Edmundston, Bernard bought his customized van-camper so he could go
“
freewheelin’
around.”He has two daughters, in Boston and Gary, Indiana; and two
sons, in Nashua, N.H., and Edmundston . . . and a “
tribe”of grandchildren.
Rt. 1. Houlton Road, Woodland
3 bedroom, garage — $28,000.00 — $500.00
D.P.
Main Street, Princeton
4 bedroom, garage, $29,500.00 — $500.00
D.P.
No. Lubec Road, Lubec
3 bedroom, garage — $31,500.00
$500.00
D.P.
9 Academy Street, Calais
4 bedroom, ready to m ove into — $29,000.00
- $500.00 D.P.
All VA fiananced
14% interest rate
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION
TOGUS, MAINE 04330
Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433
�Wabanaki Alliance April 1980
Page 9
Accident rate can be reduced
PLEASANT POINT — Only two per
cent of accidents occur through so-called
Acts of God, while 82 per cent are caused
by unsafe acts, and 16 per cent by unsafe
conditions.
A group of interested Passamaquoddy
Indians here heard that message, and
others about safety, at a lecture by Ralph
Zotigh and Edward Naranjo, principals in
National American Indian Safety Council
— their own outfit that prom otes safety
among tribes. The pair recently made the
rounds of Maine’Indian communities.
s
Zotigh, an Oklahoma Kiowa, did m ost of
the talking. He said several years ago his
group had a staff of 14; now it’ just
s
Naranjo and himself. He still believes in
what he is doing, and he made a pitch for
financial support from the tribe.
“
You know, I really respect my older
people for their faith and belief, but
doggone it, you have to do m ore than that.
They believe that accidents are bound to
happen. Let them happen. I say no way,“
Zotigh told the group in the tribal building
gymnasium.
“ went into one house and it was very
I
hot. I looked at the thermostat and it was
set at 85 degrees. These people didn’
t
know what a thermostat was for. You
can’ blame people for not knowing. It’
t
s
our place to train them,”
Zotigh said.
“ m going to convince everyone of you
I’
that you can take part in safety," he
added. “
We have to take a lot of time to
gain the confidence and trust of the
people. It’pretty hard to come in cold and
s
talk about safety . . . the accident rate on
Indian reservations is just way too high,”
he said.
Attending the session were recreation
director Linwood Sapiel, health planner
Mary Altvater, janitor Gladys Soctomah,
tribal official Chick Barnes; Vergie Trott,
Dotty Francis and Andrea Dana, all of
Young Adult Conservation Corps; com
munity mental health worker Barbara
Newell, clinic assistant Kay Nicholas,
community health representative Beatrice
Soctomah, truck driver Harold Socobasin,
aquaculture worker Louis J. Paul, treat
ment plant operator James Barnes, truck
Newlyweds Patrick and Isabelle Shay cut the cake.
er Melvin Francis, counselor Grace Rod
erick and tribal clerk Ruby Richter.
“ s pretty hard to evaluate our
It’
program,” conceded Zotigh. “
Did we
Ringbearer was Karl Toney, son of
INDIAN ISLAND — Patrick Shay and
prevent 100 accidents? W e do feel we’
re
Isabelle Knockwood Toney w ere united in Isabelle Toney. Her daughter Franni
doing good. W e’ been to nearly every
ve
marriage, March 25, at home, in a tradi Toney, and three grandchildren, w ere also
state in the U.S. and Alaska. After we
present. The bride has four children by a
tional Penobscot ceremony, at sunset.
leave here there’no follow-up."
s
The ceremony was taken from a book by previous marriage; the bridegroom has
Shay's great grandfather, Joseph Nicola, one son, Timothy (Neptune) Shay.
author of the recently reprinted Life and
A reception and social dance took place
Traditions of the Red Man. Mary Byers of
Indian Island performed the ceremony, at the Indian Island school gym, and a
with Stanley Neptune and Carol Dana, circle wedding dance was done to the beat
of the drum.
both of Indian Island, as witnesses.
Toney, Shay wed in traditional rite
Health panel meets in Bangor
Ralph Zotigh, Kiowa Indian, lectures on safety.
Basketry book off the press
CALAIS — A 28-page book called
“
Baskets of the Dawnland People” has
been published by Project Indian Pride, a
division of Maine Indian Education.
The colorfully illustrated and descrip
tive booklet was compiled by Joseph A.
Nicholas, a Passamaquoddy, with help
from Indian Township Bilingual Program,
and Robert Abbe Museum, Mt. Desert
Island.
Nicholas has displayed many styles of
basketry in this book, including pie
baskets and melon baskets. Pie baskets
w ere once used by state officials as gifts to
visiting dignitaries. The materials used in
weaving baskets, such as brown ash,
sweetgrass, and handmade tools, are
shown. So are som e of the experts, among
them Eugene Francis, William Altvater
and Delia Mitchell, Passamaquoddies.
CMIA staff m em ber
on White House panel
ORONO — Freeman Morey, an out
reach worker for Central Maine Indian
Association (CMIA), has been officially
appointed to the upcoming White House
Conference on Families. Morey is a grad
uate of Old Town High School, and a
member of the Passamaquoddy tribe.
From work to fancy basket, Nicholas’
book provides details of construction, use
and history. At one time, he says, the
skills of basketry almost died out. Now,
basketry is taught in reservation schools.
However, Nicholas confides personally
that basket-making will in his opinion be a
thing of the past in 30 years.
Trinket .basket or pack basket, the
reader will find it all in this slim book,
available from Maine Indian Education,
Box 412, River Road, Calais, Maine 04619.
Opportunity.
Wabanaki Alliance, Maine’ only
s
Indian newspaper, now offers advertising
at reasonable rates.
Take advantage o f an opportunity to
reach about 3,500 readers — most of
them Indian persons — through a
display advertisement of your choice.
Call or write us for rates and other
information.
WABANAKI ALLIANCE
95 Main St.
Orono, Maine 04473
Tel. [207] 866-4903
BANGOR — For the first time ever,
National Indian Health Board (NIHB) is
holding a board m eeting here.
Their three day session at Airport
Hilton this month will be followed by a
m eeting of United Southeastern Tribes
(USET), May 13-15.
Jake Whitecrow, NIHB executive direc
tor, opened the Bangor m eeting with a
statement that “
Indian people are very
concerned about not receiving any re
sponse to any of their resolutions”from
the federal government. “ e cannot
W
afford to be lax," he told board members
representing Indian tribes from places
such as New M exico and Mississippi.
Frank Steve, A choctaw, commented,
“ of us are here with one purpose, we
all
want to help our people at the local level.”
He said Indians must “
push hard” for
increases in federal aid for tribal pro
COMMERCIAL
grams, otherwise, help will be “ off."
cut
Whitecrow said that “
anytime you want
to call the NIHB as of the first of May," he
or someone else on the staff will personal
ly respond. “ the past, that has been one
In
o f our major problem s in the Indian world,
lack of communication.”
Assisting communications is a regular
publication called NIHB Reporter, edited
by John O’
C onnor with Renee Parker.
Whitecrow said the newsletter is effective
in “
hitting them with a 2X4 and making it
feel like a feather.”
Am ong those attending the Bangor
NIHB m eeting w ere Dr. Eunice BaumannNelson, director of Penobscot Health and
Social Services, and Penobscot tribal
gov ern m en t re p re se n ta tiv e s M ichael
Ranco and Francis Sapiel. A tour of the
Penobscot Nation was included in the
agenda, along with a shrimp dinner.
RESIDENTIAL
INDUSTRIAL
Sockbeson & Son
BUILDERS
PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS
CUSTOM BUILT HOMES/RENOVATIONS
CONCRETE WORK/MASONRY
FINISH & ROUGH CARPENTRY
GENERAL CONTRACTING/SUB-CONTRACTING
942-6630
947-4163
One Merchants Plaza - Bangor
�Page 10
Wabanaki Alliance April 1980
Indian Health Service asks
$678.5 million for 1981
W A S H I N G T O N — In d ia n H ealth
Services administrator, Dr. G eorge
Lythcott, testified on behalf o f the IHS
at budget hearings held by the
C om m ittee o n Interior and Insular
Affairs, Feb. 19.
H is s ta te m e n t i n c l u d e d th e
follow ing: In fiscal year 1981, a
budget o f $678.5 m illion is being
requested for the Indian Health
Service, an increase o f $53.7 m illion
over the 1980 level. T h is request
includes $601.8 m illion for Indian
health services and $76.7 m illion for
Indian health facilities. T h e 1981
budget request for Indian health
services includes funds to staff and
operate several new facilities o p e n ed in
1980 and to serve newly recognized
tribes.
Th e 50 Indian Health Service
hospitals will provide services to
82.000
inpatients, an increase o f
3,100 over 1980. In addition, the 50
outpatient departments, 104 health
clinics and the m ore than 300 satellite
clinics will provide services fo r 3.4
m illion outpatient visits, an increase o f
123.000 outpatient visits over the
1980 level. Training will be provided
to approxim ately 300 Indian students
for the health professions. In addition,
41 urban Indian health projects, 120
alcoholism programs, and approximately
60 projects to aid Indians to take over
management o f their o w n health
services will be su pported by the fiscal
year 1981 budget request.
T h e 1981 bu dget request fo r Indian
health facilities will p rovide for the
com pletion o f a 60-bed hospital at
Chinle, Arizona; for the secon d phase
o f constru ction o f a 60-bed hospital at
Tahlequah, Oklahom a; and fo r the
repair and renovation o f health care
fa c ilitie s at S e lls, A r izo n a and
W innebago, Nebraska. A lso included
in the Indian health facilities budget
request is $50.2 m illion fo r the
provision o f water and sanitation
facilities in 6,200 Indian homes.
Indian Health Service provides
program s for the Passam aquoddy and
P en o b sco t nations in Maine.
READY BY SUMMER? — Although Pleasant Point is scheduled to receive several
fishing boats to start their fishing fleet, fisherman Arthur Newell decided to build a boat
himself.
Openings for Indians in natural resources
BERKELEY, C A .— U n iv ersity o f
C alifornia at Berkeley is actively
recru itin g A m erica n In d ian s and
Alaska Natives into the C o lle g e o f
Natural R esources. V ariou s avenues o f
INDIAN ISLAND — Sarah C. (Sadie) approach to the degree are available to
Ranco, of 10 Center Street, wasn’ students interested in the num erous
t
expecting anything for her 84th birthday, phases o f natural resou rce manage
April 2.
ment.
But she said she couldn’have asked for
t
E nrollm ent is still op e n for FALL,
anything nicer than a special cake baked
1980. T h e C on servation o f Natural
in her honor, and served at the Indian
Island senior citizens dinner, at the tribal R e s o u r c e ( C N R ) u n d e rg ra d u a te
p r o g r a m is an in t e r d is c ip lin a r y
health center.
Sadie Ranco is the oldest Penobscot at program. T h e C N R m ajor explores
conservation and environm ental issues
Indian Island.
Oldest resident
celebrates birthday
and areas o f interaction am on g natural
resources, populations, technology,
s o cie ta l in stitu tion s and cultural
values.
A pplicants interested in applying
for the program for the 1980/81
s ch o o l year are urged to contact our
o ffice as so o n as possible. W e w ou ld
a lso w e lc o m e any q u estio n s o r
requests con cern in g the program.
Please contact:
Holly Halsey-Ami, CNR Indian Liaison
College o f Natural Resources
University o f California, Berkeley
415/642-3583 (call collect)
Nutrition policy should be tailored to Indian groups
by Dr. Alan Ackerman
T h e f o o d policy o f the U.S.
g o v e r n m e n t to w a r d th e In d ia n
p o p u la t io n in th e 1800’ w as
s
associated with the use o f fo o d as a
w eapon and as a to o l o f acculturation.
T oday the policy issues that need
add ressin g are n o t m ilitary b u t
bureaucratic, related t o organization o f
d e liv e ry o f s e r v ic e s t o In d ia n
participants, assuring an Indian and
Alaskan Native v oice into decisions
that affect them, and coordin ation o f
the U.S. Departm ent o f A griculture
(U SDA ) and other federal activities
toward Indian popu lations in the area
o f fo o d and nutrition.
O n e m ajor issue w hich needs to be
recognized in discussing policy issues
in nutrition for the Native Am erican
popu lation is that we are dealing with
many separate program s and many
separate policies which affect their
nutritional conditions. Th e Special
S u p plem en tal F o o d P rogram fo r
W o m e n , In fan ts, a n d C h ild r e n
( W IC ) , th e c o m m o d i t y f o o d
distribution program, the fo o d stamp
program, the T itle VII elderly feeding
program (under the O ld er Am ericans
A ct o f 1965), the IHS m od el diabetes
care programs, the IH S nutrition and
diatetics programs, federal day care
and H ead Start programs, the B1A
s c h o o l feed in g program s, p u b lic
sch o ol lunch and breakfast programs,
m ay all have so m e im pact o n the
n u t r i t i o n a l s t a t u s o f I n d ia n
individuals. M any o f these program s
are adm inistered by federal agencies
and their m andates may differ as to
h ow they deliver services to Indian
popu lation s even within a single
agency. A s such w e need to realize that
there is n o com prehensive federal
p o lic y o r c o lle c t io n o f p o lic ie s
intended to address the nutritional
n eed s o f the N ative A m erican
population. W e need t o b e able to see
the m osaic o f program s w hich together
form nutrition services fo r the Indian
population.
Policy for Indians?
If a national policy is appropriate
for Am erican Indians and Alaska
Native populations, the net policy
m u st b e able t o re co gn ize the
differences existing betw een local
com m unities. It is ob v iou sly lu dicrou s
to try to have an identical p o licy for
very different Indian groups. For
instance, there is n o po in t in sending
frozen co m m o d ity meat to p e o p le
la ck in g ev e n b a s ic r e fr ig e r a tio n
facilities, nor d o e s it m ake sense to
deny frozen meat to p e o p le w h o co u ld
store it in their freezers.
Formerly, U S D A had structured its
co m m o d ity fo o d distribution system
s o that all Indian com m u nities w ere to
receive the same co m m o d ity fo o d
items. But, with passage o f the F o o d
Stam p A ct o f 1977, this is n o longer
so; each com m u nity can indicate its
o w n preferences in the types o f fo o d it
wants from the list o f fo o d s U S D A
says is available to that com m u nity at
any particular time.
T h is new flexibility built in through
the legislative mandate o f the new fo o d
stam p and co m m o d ity distribution
law, is a significant change in U S D A
policy. T h e recognition o f com m u nity
differences b oth in types o f fo o d
desired and the uses o f th ose fo o d s in
the com m u nity m ust be extended to
other aspects o f the U S D A program.
O n e criteria in the design o f nutrition
policy fo r Indians is the recognition
that so m e gro u p s have adequate
storage facilities and refrigeration
w hile others d o not.
A secon d poin t to con sider in the
delivery o f nutrition services to the
Am erican Indian pop u lation is o n e o f
local co n tro l and coord in ation o f
those services. T o date as I’
ve
d e s c r ib e d , th ere are n u m e r o u s
available services that co u ld affect the
nutrition o f recipients yet these
services are n o t coordin ated at the
local level, resulting in p o o r utilization.
A third area o f p o licy to con sider is
nutrition education. T h o se education
cam paigns directed tow ard pregnant
and lactating m others, adolescents,
children, and infants am on g the Indian
p o p u la t io n n e ed to p r e s e n t
inform ation in a form which d o e s not
require literacy to understand, but
w h ich can b e st r e n g t h e n e d o r
im p roved by written inform ation for
so m e m em bers o f the population.
N utrition edu cation am on g the
above grou ps also needs to direct
atten tion to w a rd sp e c ific sin gle
behavioral goals. T h e content o f the
fou r fo o d grou ps for pop u lation w ho
linguistically o r culturally d o not
gro u p f o o d accordin g to con cep ts o f
m ea t a n d p r o te in , c e r e a l an d
c a r b o h y d r a t e f o o d s , fru its and
vegetables, and m ilk fo o d s is unlikely
t o ch ange eatin g habits. Sin gle
behavioral m essages w hich direct
individuals to single behavioral goals
o v er a short p e riod o f tim e may be
m ore effective.
O n ce again, local differences m ust
be recognized and nutrition education
be allow ed to serve oth er locallydesired goals as lo n g as pursuit o f those
g o a ls d o e s n o t in te r fe r e w ith
p r om o tio n o f the nutritional message.
M any grou p s wish t o find m echanism s
to display their written language for
English literate, bilingual speakers w h o
d o n ot read the native language. Local
dual language materials fo r so m e tribes
may b e appealing. O thers may wish to
stren gth en o r reestablish certain
cultural images and patterns which
have been associated with fo o d use.
O th ers wish t o p rom o te use o f
traditional food s. In o rd er to recognize
local differences, U S D A will need to
find ways fo r providin g appropriate
technical assistance to su p p ort local
p r o d u c t i o n an d d is t r ib u t io n o f
materials. H opefully, a sim ple means
o f evaluating can also b e developed.
G overn m en t p r om o tio n o f local
a dap tation and d e v e lo p m e n t o f
material needs to g o b ey o n d the idea o f
leaving nutrition education u p to local
program
m a n a ge rs. R a th er
governm ental program s shou ld set
m ajor them es for their educational
goals and em phasize local grou p
p rod u ction o f materials, while at the
sam e tim e providin g the needed
financial and technical support.
A final poin t to consider in the
structuring o f nutrition policy for
Indian pop u lation s is that lack o f
coordin ation is n o t on ly a prob lem at
the local level, bu t at the federal level as
w ell. ( R e p r in t e d fr o m N IH B)
�Wabanaki Alliance April 1980
Page 11
Tidal pow er plans explained
By Dr. Normand Laberge
PL E A SA N T P O IN T — T h e primary
requisite for the site selection o f a tidal
proje ct is the availability o f a tidal
range large enough to deserve further
c o n s id e r a t io n
and
a n a ly s is .
Passam aquoddy Bay and C o b s c o o k
Bay are tw o regions where the tidal
range is sufficiently large. A t the
present time, an average tidal range
w h ich ex c e e d s eigh teen feet is
co m m o n ly accepted as the low er limit
fo r
t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f an
econom ically and technically feasible
project. T h is d o e s n o t infer that sites
with tidal range less than eighteen feet
cannot be proven feasible. However,
additional factors w ou ld have to exist
to counterbalance the low er tidal •
range.
T h is discu ssion will fo cu s o n the
single-pool m eth od o f developm ent.
In the case o f a sin gle-pool project, the
generation o f p o w er is very sim ilar to
the o p e ra tio n o f a run-of-river
hydroelectric plant. T h e im poundm ent
area is com prised o f one tidal basin
which serves as the sou rce o f potential
energy. Ideally, the tidal basin "would
have a single entrance with a shallow
and a narrow open in g which w ould
minimize the am ount o f material
needed for im poundm ent. Physical
com pon en ts for the p r oject are as
follow s: (1) rock fill dam with clay
co re to maintain im perviousn ess (2)
pow erhouse, a con crete structure,
placed in mid-channel and used to
h ou se the turbine, generator, and
r e la t e d m e c h a n i c a l / e le c t r i c a l
equipm ent; (3) sluice gates to fill and
em pty the tidal basin under various
conditions; and (4) switching station
f o r i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n s w ith th e
transm ission network. T h e appearance
o f the tidal proje ct will b e nearly
identical to the rockfill structure
(causeway) w hich presently connects
C arlow Island to the Pleasant Point
Reservation. T h e inclusion o f a
concrete p ow erh ou se and sluice gates
w o u ld b e th e o n ly n o tic e a b le
differences in outward appearance.
Th e operation o f the pow er plant
can probably b e best explained by
d e scrib in g th e actual p r o c e d u r e
e m p lo y e d fo r p o w e r p rod u ction .
A s s u m in g th at th e p r o j e c t is
c o n s t r u c t e d an d " o n - l in e ” the
,
generation o f p o w er w ou ld p roceed in
the follow in g sequence:
1. at high tide, the gates are closed
which interrupts the norm al exchange
from the tidal basin.
2. with time, the level exterior to the
tidal basin continu es to recede in
accordance with the norm al behavior
o f the tides.
3. a difference betw een the water
elevation o f the tidal basin and
C o b s c o o k Bay is thereby form ed as a
result o f the im poundm ent; this
elevation difference is defined as the
hydraulic head w hich provides the
sou rce o f potential power.
4. Th e basin level remains at its
controlled high p o o l elevation until a
sufficient head is built u p across the
dam; typical values range from 4 feet to
8 feet fo r long tim e duration and
m a x im u m p o w e r p r o d u c t i o n ,
respectively.
5. Tidal waters are then released
th rough the tu rbin es p r o d u cin g
electricity.
6. Pow er generation continu es until
the rising level o f C o b s c o o k Bay
d ic t a t e s th e t e r m in a t io n o f
produ ction; the controllin g factor is
o n ce again the limiting head which in
this case appears betw een the rising sea
level and steadily decreasing basin
level.
7. T h e gates w hich co n tro l the
em ptying o f the basin are open ed
com pletely at the end o f production,
this allow s the basin level and the
C o b s c o o k Bay level to equalize.
8. W ith the gates open the tidal
basin is now free to fill to its natural
high tide level.
This procedu re is repeated with
every tide fo r the prod u ction o f
intermittent electricity. T h is operating
m o d e is k n o w n as s in g le - p o o l
p r o d u c t i o n f r o m b a s in - to - s e a .
V ariations to this m od e o f operation
include sea-to-basin prod u ction when
related to the square o f the hydraulic
head, th e a m ou n t o f electricity
generated from the p r oject will also
vary in accordance w ith the available
tidal range as determ ined by the length
o f prod u ction time and b y the value o f
th e.hydraulic head. A varying pow er
prod u ction level can not b e o v ercom e
by any design changes; however, the
^predictability in the m agnitude o f tides
can still b e sch edu led years in advance
o f actual production. T h e tides will
p r od u ce m ore pow er fo r higher tidal
ranges and less pow er for low er tidal
ranges---- an inevitable co n se
qu en ce o f the tidal function.
But h ow m uch pow er co u ld be
delivered to the area from a project
such as H alf-M oon Cove.7 In this case,
the pow er plant w ou ld have an
installed capacity o f 8,000 kilowatts
(KW ) and generate approxim ately
30,000,000 kilowatt-hour (K W H) o f
Poetry
Senabeh
A map o f his life
drawn on his face
his eyes sad
and slightly stuped
His greying hair drawn,
back, binded.
His walk bending
slightly forward,
his head full of
wisdom partly unused.
Red Hawk
Untitled
The freshest cool air
returned me to that night
we slept beneath an open
window in spring.
It stirred inside me
like memories o f a million
spring nights before
so far away so pure.
Pancake ice, Cobscook Bay, near Pleasant Point.
the occu ren ce o f low tide triggers the
p r e p a r a t io n
fo r tid a l p o w e r
generation. A m ore sophisticated
p r o c e d u r e c o m b in e s sea-to-basin
operation and basin-to-sea operation;
however, a reversible turbine unit
w ou ld b e required for this m od e o f
operation at an added expense.
Th e tides are a renewable sou rce o f
energy that will continu e to be
available and predictable both in terms
o f time and magnitude. Th e regular
tidal function also prod u ces tw o
peculiarities that have to be properly
considered in the design o f a tidal
pow er plant. T h e first concern refers
to high tide w hich occu rs fifty minutes
later each succeeding day. Since the
p o w e r p r o d u c t i o n s c h e d u le is
intrinsically related to the occu ren ce o f
high tide, this behavior com plicates
th e in te g r a tio n o f tid a l p o w e r
prod u ction within the regional
network. However, the predictable
nature o f the tides m akes it p o ssib le to
prepare a sch edu le which determ ines
the exact time when tidal pow er is
available for regional demand. It
should also be noted that the output
from a small p r oject is m uch m ore
easily absorbed into an electrical
network than for large installations.
Th e variations in the tides observed in
C o b s c o o k Bay during a two-week
p e riod can range from 12 feet up to 27
feet. S in ce the electrical en ergy
prod u ced from a tidal pow er is directly
energy per year. A ssum ing that a
typical h ou seh old use 6,400 K W H o f
electricity annually, the tidal project
c o u l d th e o r e t ic a lly s u p p ly th e
electrical dem ands for nearly five
thousand hom es. T h is estimate is
based o n the assu m ption that tidal
p o w er will b e used at the sam e time
electricity is produced.
In practice, the load dem and curve
doesn't always co in cid e with the tidal
p o w e r p r o d u c t io n sch edu le. T h e
electrical dem ands are also continu ou s
and not interm ittent like the supply
from a sin gle-pool project. Therefore,
H alf-M oon C o v e by itself w ou ld be
unable to supply the continuous, or
base-load, requirem ents o f the region.
Bangor H yd roelectric C om p an y and
Eastern M aine E lectric C ooperative
w ou ld still continu e to su pply their
regular service, but com plem en ted by
tidal pow er. If w e n ow assum e that the
tidal proje ct will b e prod u cin g pow er
forty percent o f the time, H alf-M oon
C ove's ou tpu t w ou ld service twelve
thousand h om es during various times
o f the prod u ction and load dem and
schedule. T h e tidal p r oject co u ld
som etim es su pply energy fo r m ost o f
W ash in gton County.
E D IT O R S'S N O T E : Dr. Laberge is
co-ordinating a planned tidal pow er
dem onstration proje ct o n H alf-M oon
C o v e , at th e P a s s a m a q u o d d y
reservation.
Red Hawk
1977
Untitled
Your eyes shine out from beneath
your hair.
In that familiar smile I love so much.
When I got angry with you one
day,
I turned around and your face
struck me.
You were me twenty years ago.
Then I remembered to have patience
and love in my heart
especially for children.
bare, chubby child,
shy, mischief
tangly gleaming hair
bright eyes he named you.
Red Hawk
1976
�Page 12
Wabanaki Alliance April 1980
news
Migrant worker
aid up for grabs
0R0N0 — Seasonal, migrant farm
workers in Maine may find themselves
eligible for up to $350 in “ ergency crisis
em
assistance” funds, through a federal
program now underway.
Maine has received $109,109 from the
Community Services Administration, and
for those persons m eeting guidelines, the
money is available until June 30. Farm
work under CSA definitions includes
fishing, agricultural crops, livestock, agri
cultural processing, and forest-related
production.
Although primarily for emergency fuel
relief, allowable expenditures cover be
sides fuel (gas, oil, kerosene, wood, coal
and electricity): winter clothing, blankets,
rent, food, wood stoves and medical ex
penses excluding dental work.
For further information contact Larry
Lack, Steuben, Maine, by calling Bangor,
947-4155 (collect).
Jobs offered in
Aroostook County
notes
Flashback photo
Schaghticokes powwow
AVON, Mass. — The New England
Coastal Schaghticoke Indian powwow is
scheduled May 3-4, at Baptist Church hall.
North Main Street. Indian dancing and
singing are planned, along with refresh
ments including traditional fry bread.
Hours are Saturday, 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., and
Sunday, 1:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. No alcoholic
beverages are allowed.
Millennia party planned
CONCORD, Mass. — A group calling
itself “
Millennia”plans a ceremonial cele
bration of native people (Indians), May
3-4, at Watuppa Reservation. Drumming,
singing, dancing, discussions, pot luck
food, arts and crafts and a spiritual great
circle are on the agenda.
For m ore information contact Massa
chusetts Commission on Indian Affairs.
Clarification
A story about a court hearing involving
Michael Benete (or Bennett) in last
month’ Wabanaki Alliance included a
s
statement by Bennett that he had asked
permission to camp on Indian Island from
Tribal Administrator Andrew Akins.
Akins said this month the Bennett never
made any such request, and that had he
done so, Akins would have told him that it
was not his (Akins’ authority to grant
)
such permission.
PRESQUE ISLE — Aroostook County
Action Program, Inc. (ACAP) announces
that applications are now available to
economically disadvantaged Aroostook
County youth for nearly 400 summer jobs
in the summer youth employment program.
The summer youth employment pro
gram is funded through a grant from the
(Continued from page 1)
Maine Office of CETA Planning. Summer
members of the community are forming a
employment wall begin on or about June
16, at worksites in public or private non community newsletter, Wolamewakon,
profit agencies and corporations and wall .which is Passamaquoddy for truth. In a
state of policy the editors have said, “
We
continue for 8 weeks. Participating youth
view the paper as a vehicle of positive
will receive the minimum wage for up to
32 hours per week. Enrollees in the change; as a catalyst for improved pro
summer youth employment program must grams for children; as an advocate for the
be economically disadvantaged in accord segm ent of the reservation who have no
voice or do not have the means or experi
ance with CETA guidelines and between
ence to have their views made known.”
14 and 21 years of age.
Applications are available at the Maine
Job Service offices, the WIN office, town
offices, and at school guidance and prin
cipal’offices. Applications are also avail
s
JOHN M. MITCHELL
able at the three ACAP Employment and
INDIAN ISLAND — John M. Mitchell,
Training Centers located at 18 Dyer St.,
54, former governor of the Penobscot
Presque Isle, tel. 764-3721; 794 W. Main
Nation and former representafive to the
St., Madawaska, tel. 728-6345; and 91Vt
Legislature from the Penobscot tribe, died
Military St., Houlton, tel. 532-9526. The
April 9, 1980 at a Bangor hospital.
toll free number to the Presque Isle office
Mitchell, a W orld War Tw o veteran of
is 1-800-432-7881. A roo sto ok County
the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Marines, was
youth, 14 to 21 years of age, who feel they
a former member of the Orono Kiwanis
may meet the income guidelines are en Club and former chairman of the Indian
couraged to apply as soon as possible.
Island Housing Authority.
He was employed as job coordinator for
Resources d e g r e e
the Young Adult Conservation Corps
(YACC).
option for Indians
He is survived by his wife, Dolores
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. - The Univer(Sappier) Mitchell, and two sons.
sity of Albuquerque recently established
A Mass of Christian Burial was cele
its two-year Associate of Science Degree
brated at St. Ann’ Catholic Church,
s
in Resource Management. Indian appli Indian Island. The Rev. John Civiello
cants are wanted.
officiated.
Art Weisel, who coordinates the re
source management program and who
helped design its content for the Uni
versity of Albuquerque, said, “ has
It
SU PPLIES
become more difficult — just when it has
e d g e 148 Page
become urgent — for local people every
rn tfc Cata|
0g
where to control what happens to their
The w orld's largest
natural resources. It has become neces
Indian Crafts Catalog.
Mere than 4,000 Items
sary to have an understanding o f science
to choose tram!
and technology, and to apply to it an
Trade Beads, Tin Cones,
Brass Beads. Moire Tafleta
understanding of business administration
Ribbon, Ermine Skins,
methods."
Bone Elk Teeth, Shawl
For more information on the Associate
_ .
,
Fringe and Ybm.
For free catalog,
___ _
of Science Degree in Resource Manage
write Dept. 4 ® R f Y
O W L
m
ment, contact Art Weisel, University of
Indian Craft Manufacturing Co. ^
Albuquerque, St. Joseph Place NW, \J 5 0 -Q 2 Beaver Rd. Jamaica,N Y 212 5 2 6 -3 8 6 0 /
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87140.
G rip es aired
Obituary
IN IA CR FT
D N A
CORPUS CHRISTI, many years ago, at Indian Island, was a big event. Seen walking to
ceremony, from left, are A gnes Mario, Ada Sockbeson, Mabel Neptune, Yvonne Lola,
Margaret Ranco. Henry Sockbeson is at far left, behind the ladies. [Photo courtesy of
Mildred Akins].
Judge blocks Alaska offshore oil leases
A federal judge issued an injunction Jan.
22 to block the awarding o f oil leases in the
Beaufort Sea off the North Slope o f Alaska.
Judge Aubrey Robinson, Jr., said the
leases cannot be awarded because the
government has violated the provisions of
environmental legislation and an act pro
tecting endangered species. Nine environ
mental groups and two Eskimo villages
opposed awarding the leases.
%
WABANAKI CORPORATION
ALCOHOLISM COUNSELORS
AND THEIR LOCATIONS:
Old Town
Rosalie Clark
866-5577
Clarence Francis
866-5577
Pleasant Point
Grace Roderick
853-2537
Ralph Dana
853-2537
Northern Maine
Alfred Dana
866-5577
Caribou Area
Pious Perley
532-7317
Harriet Perley
532-7317
Portland Area
George Paul
499-7589
Indian Township
Bernard Stevens
796-2301
James Mitchell
796-2301
Recently, a joint sale by the Alaskan State
Government and the Federal Government of
rights to drill on 800 square miles o f the
Beaufort Sea floor produced bids of over $
1
billion.
Dig in!
HARDWARE
& GUM SHOP
TOM VICAIRE, Proprietor
The only Indian-owned hardware
business in the State o f Maine
“ e’ eager to do business with people
W re
in the Indian community,”says Tom.
The store carries a full line o f tools,
electrical and plumbing supplies, paint
and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine
new and used guns.
See Our Garden Supplies and Tools
For all your hardware and
hunting needs, visit —
MATTAWAMKEAG HARDWARE &
GUN SHOP
and sample some good Indian hospitality
and service.
Keep in touch . . . Subscribe now!
M AIL T O W ABAN AK I ALLIANCE, 95 M AIN STR EET, O R O N O , M A IN E 04473
W A B A N A K I A L L IA N C E S U B S C R I P T IO N F O R M
(Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance)
Name ............. ^ .
Street ..................
I EN CLOSE:
1 1 for one year
$5
....... 1 1
___ (Individual—U.S.)
1 for one year
$6
1___1
_
(Canada)
I$10 for one year
1__ 1
_
(Institutional rate)
City/Town and State . .........................................
[Donation (Amount)
Zip Code
---
�
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<em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (April 1980)
Creator
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Division of Indian Services, Indian Resource Center, Orono, ME
Date
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1980-04
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English
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Digital files provided by Donald Soctomah and Meredith Ricker.<br />Metadata provided by Daisy Blake and Daniel In, University of Southern Maine, Class of 2021
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pdf
Date Created
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19 October 2017
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Used in consultation with Steven Cartwright, editor of the <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em>.
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PDF Text
Text
ALBUQUERQUE, NM
37110
Wabanaki
A llia n ce
Pabtished b j Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc.
June 1980
Wabanaki Alliance. 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473.
40*
Pleasant Point clinic
slates grand opening
PLEASANT POINT — A brand new
tribally-administered health center is
slated for a grand opening here June 18,
and everyone is invited to attend the open
house, 1-4:30 p.m.
Madonna M. Soctomah, a Passamaquoddy who has been health center
director since April 28, said she would
rather not be interviewed until she knew
AAI, M ission
sp o n so r co m p
HOULTON — The Association of Aroos
took Indians (AAI) and the Quebec-Labrador Foundation of Ipswich, Massachu
setts are again jointly sponsoring a Maine
SLUGGER — Jerry Pardilla, of Indian Island, takes a swing during softball game Indian Summer Camp for the 1980 season.
between Penobscot tribal officials and visiting Indian persons attending recent United The camp location is at Mud Lake in
Sooth and East Tribes [USET] m eeting in Bangor. At Left, Miles Francis of Indian Sinclair, with the camp sessions being
Island plays catcher, and Penobscot Gov. Wilfred Pehrson “
calls ’ as he sees 'em.” scheduled for June 29 to July 12 for 8 to 11
em
The well-attended game delighted young and old, and included home runs, mud slides year olds and the second session be
ginning July 20th to Aug. 9, for 12 to 15
aad much humor.
year olds. Aug. 9 is being set aside as
Family Day. Traditional camp activities
will be featured with an emphasis on
Indian activities such as beading, craftworks at the Penobscot reservation. All work, and Indian dancing.
INDIAN ISLAND — A four mile road
Application forms are being distributed
are invited.
race for all ages highlights a special Indian
The race begins at noon, July 5, and to eligible Indian children and extra forms
day here, sponsored jointly by Andrew
categories range from age 10 and under, are available at the office. For m ore infor
Sockalexis Track Club, the Recreation
to 50 and over. There will be special mation, call Harris Brewer of the Associa
Department, and Bingo Committee.
awards for overall winner, and first tion of Aroostook Indians at 532-7317 or
Also scheduled is a bean supper, to be
call him at his home at 532-7914.
followed by “ best display yet” fire Penobscot over the finish line.
the
of
m ore about her job. The clinic has already
started providing certain basic services,
and is staffed by experienced personnel.
Staffers include medical social worker
Doris Chapman, and nurse Hazel Dana.
Shelley Francis is contract medical clerk,
and Mike Farrell is dental lab technician.
Dental services are provided by a
Public Health dentist from Eastport.
Bonnie Trott works as dental hygeinist
two days per week.
The clinic is housed in a modern, one
story building with round-arch doorway,
and has a full complement of supply
rooms, offices, examining rooms and
lobby.
The health center will be administered
locally, through funds provided by Indian
Health Service (IHS).
Construction began last October — with
a number of tribal m em bers em ployed on
the job — and total building costs w ere
estimated at $225,000.
Penobscots plan foot race, fireworks
Woman convicted of driving over man
BANGOR — A 25-year-old Hampden
woman, Sandra E. Williams, has been
convicted of deliberately running her car
over Douglas Francis, 38, of Indian Island,
in recent Superior Court action here.
The incident occurred Dec. 9, 1979, in
Old Town. Testimony showed that when
Williams’
car stalled, after running over
Francis, she backed the vehicle up, over
his body a second time.
Francis was seriously injured in the
incident, and reportedly lost a leg through
amputation.
Francis was run over on North Bruns
wick Street, in the driveway of Old Town
Canoe Company. He and Williams had
apparently had a dispute earlier that
evening, at an Old Town bar.
Williams faced a maximum 10 year
sentence for aggravated assault. She was
sentenced to five years at Maine Cor
rectional Center, South Windham, with
three of those years suspended.
Tribe blocks tracks
PLEASANT POINT — Several tribal
members erected a sign recently on rail
road tracks that cross the reservation.
The sign reads, “
Passamaquoddy Land,
No Trespassing.” Some tribal m em bers
oppose rail salvage operations on the
Maine Central Railroad Co. spur to
Eastport, claiming the right-of-way be
longs to the Passamaquoddy Tribe. The
spur was officially abandoned 18 months
ago.
WATCHING — A young Pleasant Point
Passamaquoddy girl observes dental lab
technician Mike Farrell at work in new
tribal clinic.
An Indian woman's ordeal with suicide
by Diane Edwards
The butcher knife was hard, cold steel.
It was uninviting, unfriendly. The blade
was razor sharp, like the cutting tongue of
a nagging wife. The knife felt heavy,
almost as heavy as my heart.
I turned it over and over in my mind. A
ray of light leaped through my kitchen
window and was caught on the blade. It
shone on my eyes. I knew it would be the
last time I would ever see a piece of the
sun.
I held the knife above my wrist. It
seemed to be suspended there, waiting,
just waiting. I though I saw my hand
shake a little, but I knew that could not be.
The fifty sleeping pills I took would keep
my hands from trembling.
Already I felt tired. I thought the pills
would give me m ore time, but they
wouldn’ wait. They were hungry to do
t
their job. I had to hurry. I was afraid the
pills alone would not be enough. I had to
be sure I would not fail.
Now was the time. Now I was ready. I
watched. It was almost fascinating. I felt
the cold blade touch my skin. I watched as
the knife slid across the veins in my wrist.
I saw them burst open. They cried out at
the undeserved pain, spilling their tears of
blood. I had violated my own flesh. I had
forced my veins in my wrist to cease the
job they w ere meant to do. They w ere
bewildered; frustrated, they w ere angry.
They screamed in silence; they asked me
why. I did not answer. I only watched.
They w ere losing the blood so precious to
them. I was losing the life once precious to
me.
As soon as I cut the other wrist, there
was nothing else to do. My legs w ere very
weak and my eyes were very sleepy. My
house was quiet. It seemed to fit my mood.
I slowly put one foot in front of the other
and found myself in my bedroom. I lay
down on my bed on the side where my
husband slept at night. He was at work
now but I felt this way I could be close to
him for one last time.
Rem em bers the taunts
My veins had asked me once and now I
asked myself, “
why?”It would have been
so easy to answer if there had been only
one major upset in my life, but there were
none. I guess it was all the different things
that happened to me throughout my
entire life. The things that sat in the back
of my mind gnawing away, eating up my
soul.
I thought about my childhood. The time
most people call their happy, carefree
days. I remember only the teasing, the
hateful snubs from my playmates, because
I was a half-breed, Indian girl — a squaw,
a redskin, a half burnt whitey. The names
are still so sharp in my head; even now
they make me wince. It’ hard to forget
s
the pain.
I remember my white grandfather when
I was nine years old. H e would com e to my
mother’ house, (his daughter), and take
s
me shopping for clothes and shoes and
toys — all the things she couldn’buy for
t
me. I had eight brothers and two sisters. I
could see the relief in Mom’ face when I
s
would come home with pretty new
clothes. My m other would tell me to be
good for Grampa. She said I was a lucky
little girl.
(Continued on page 7)
�Page 2
YVabanaki Alliance June 1980
editorials
Lest w e forget
Readers sometimes accuse this newspaper o f being “
nega
tive.”Perhaps some stories do seem that way. We do not try to
be negative, or look for the “
bad”news. We try to tell the whole
story as best we can, and that story has its good and bad points.
Our overall outlook is optimistic. We want to reflect what is
best in the Indian community; not just the problems. We must
not forget, or overlook, the tremendous progress and potential
of the four tribes in Maine.
O f the four, Penobscots and Passamaquoddies have made the
most stunning material progress, in terms o f housing, schooling,
health and tribal administration. All the m ore reason, as we
have stated here before, to draw attention to M icmac and
Maliseet people. All Indians are deserving o f the fairest shake
possible. Many Indians are still getting a bad deal, but as older
folks will tell you, it’nothing like the old days.
s
Times were lean before BIA recognition o f Maine Indians,
and support from ANA (Administration for Native Americans)
and the Federal Regional Council. But a not-so-funny thing has
happened with all the developments: Indian culture is fading.
Perhaps some traditions and old ways would fade anyway. But
material progress on the reservations has hastened the cultural
erosion. Why is it that people say in 30 years nobody will weave
beautiful Indian baskets? People eagerly embrace a new house
on the reservation, but what do they leave behind? D o they give
up just an old frame house that used to be flooded by the river in
the spring? Or do they give up a way o f life?
What should be saved? These questions are asked by critics o f
the current Indian land claims settlement, who call it a “
money
settlement”that sells out tribal sovereignty. W e’ not so sure
re
the critics are correct. In any case, the settlement does provide a
certain autonomy, and considerable acreage..
But these questions, like the loss o f basket-making or the
impending disappearance o f spoken Passamaquoddy language,
should be pondered. These are critical times for Indian people.
We believe the controversial questions o f what is progress, and
what should be preserved, need to be discussed openly.
W h ose right of w a y ?
T here’ some friction at Pleasant Point along the old Maine
s
Central Railroad right-of-way across the reservation.
Although the tracks from Pembroke to Eastport were
officially abandoned 18 months ago, the Railroad apparently
still owns the right-of-way. Why M CR should still “
own”it is
beyond our ken. The land along the shore o f the reservation was
reportedly taken from the tribe in 1898. The Bangor Daily News
asserts that it was bought from the tribe. This is highly unlikely.
In those days, the Indians had virtually no political clout, and
were at the mercy o f land-grabs. Much later, a highway (Route
190) was laid right smack down the middle o f Pleasant Point
reservation. The Indians weren't paid then either.
Now a salvage company is pulling up the rails, starting from
Eastport, and at press time, was about half way to Pleasant
Point. So a few Passamaquoddies placed a sign on the tracks
that says “
Passamaquoddy Land, No Trespassing.”
We agree. Before any track is pulled, the tribe should be
consulted by Maine Central Railroad and state Department o f
Transportation officials.
Wabanaki Alliance
Vol. 4, No. 6
June 1980
Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian Resource Center,
95 Main St-, Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Orono
Times. Printed by Ellsworth American.
Member — Maine Press Association
-J j
y j
Kathy Tomah
The following dialogue was sent to Wabanaki Alliance by Florence
Mitchell Archambeau Herskind o f Fort Lauderdale, Florida:
Indian Representative: “ have come before you, gentlemen, to
I
plead on behalf o f my tribe to manage its own lands.”
Senator: “ object! On the grounds that the average Indian hasn’
I
t
the intelligence to manage property.”
Indian: “
Why, Senator, do you think I haven’been an intelligent
t
representative?”
Senator: “ said the ‘
I
average’
Indian. You surely can ’be average,
t
your tribe undoubtedly would send the smartest man they had to
plead their case.”
Indian: “
That isn ’so, Senator. We Indians are just like the other
t
people in the U.S. We never send our smartest men to Congress.”
/I
Steven Cartwright, Editor
William O ’
Neal, Associate Editor
Ip
\v
Reporters
Indian Island
Houlton
Pleasant Point
Indian Township
DIS Board of Directors
Jean Chavaree |chairman]
Carroll Stevens, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor
Timothy Love, Representative to State legislature
Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director
Jeannette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Clair Sabattis, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
Phone 827-4543
Phone 532-7317
Phone 853-4654
Phone 796-2301
Indian Island
Orrington
Indian Township
Indian Island
Indian Township
Old Town
Houlton
Houlton
DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to
this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me.
04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a non-profit corporation. Contri
butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; $6 Canada
and overseas; S10 for institutions [schools, government, business, etc.]
�YVabanaki Alliance June 1980
Page 3
letters
Art open letter
Netherlands reader
To the off-reservation Indian people
who attended the meeting at the Portland
Police Department regarding the land
claims: The meeting was April 2,1980; on
April 3, 1980 I sent copies of the petition
you signed to the tribal governors by
certified mail and within a week had the
receipts back from them, so they did
receive the petitions! It is now two months
later and as yet we have no word from
them. One month ago I called Pleasant
Point Lt. Governor Clive Dore, he was
supposed to see the Tribal Governor the
following day and then call me back, he
hasn’as yet.
t
If you thing that C.M.I.A. should be in
volved in obtaining equal rights for offreservation Indians, then attend the board
meeting in Portland on June 14, 1980 at
2:00 p.m. in the Public Safety Building
auditorium, and express your concern to
the C.M.I.A. Board of Directors.
If you are interested in attending the
next election at your respective reserva
tion and voting for someone that will help
off-reservation Indians please let me know
in writing and I will see that you are
notified of when it will be. W rite to me at:
Tom Thurlow
49 N. W ater St.
Old Town, Me. 04468
Nijmegen, The Netherlands
To the editor:
I would like to become a subscriber to
Wabanaki Alliance. I do not know what
costs are involved. Enclosed you will find
a $10 note. If additional payment is
required, please let me know. Also, I
would like to receive the available back
issues, and what the cost will be. Is a
check required, or is it possible to send
cash?
Dr. Franz L. W ojciechowski
Psychologisch Laboratorium
Kacholieke Universiteit
Island gymnasts
are state champs
INDIAN ISLAND — Christa King and
Sherri Mitchell, Penobscot youngsters,
have won an extraordinary number of
titles in recent statewide gymnastics
competitions.
Christa, in a May 4 U.S. Gymnastics
Federation meet, was first on the beam,
fourth on floor, fifth all-around. Sherri was
first in vaulting, and sixth overall, in that
meet, according to coach-instructor Vicki
Daigle of Bangor.
In a May 8 Amateur Athletic Union
(AAU) meet, Christa took fourth place
vaulting, third place on balance beam,
fourth on floor exercises, and fifth allaround. Sherri was third in the vault, first
on uneven parallel bars, and fouth overall.
The girls will com pete June 28, against
Nova Scotia gymnasts, in Bangor.
Angry Penobscot
To the editor:
If anyone gets fired from his tribal job
that person can go to a grievance commit
tee. This is made up of three council
members, and they are supposed to make
decision if the firing was right or wrong.
In December, there was a case like this.
The governor went to the m eeting and
pushed what he wanted. He didn’even let
t
council mem bers make a small decision. So
why have a council?
Can anyone answer me that?
An Angry Penobscot
P.S.
I don’ dare to use my real name
t
because I might lose my job.
Commiseration
To the editor:
Received your letter that said you must
now start charging for your paper. In
flation is hurting us all as we are having
the same problems, meaning lack of funds.
We would like to continue receiving
your publication on an “
exchange o f publi
cation”basis. It is understood that your
letter may have been sent to every one on
your mailing list and possibly was not in
tended for us.
We hope your paper can continue as it is
a very good and informative publication.
Hope this finds all of you enjoying good
health and that many good things com e to
you and your publication/organization in
the future.
Robert Melson
Talking Leaf newspaper
The graduates
Barbara Pehrson, left, and Josie Neptune, are recent graduates of a seven week Bangor
Adult Education program, conducted at Bangor High School. Pehrson is a homemaker,
and Neptune a nurse’ assistant, with Penobscot Department of Health and Social
s
Services at Indian Island.
Indian woman
gets law degree
PORTLAND — Debra Elaine Stokes,
Penobscot tribal member, was awarded
her Juris Doctor degree from University
of Maine School of Law, at a May 25 com
mencement.
A 1977 graduate of^College of Charles
ton in South Carolina, Stokes is the first
Maine Indian woman to receive a law
degree. She is the daughter of Olin D. and
Elizabeth Nicolar Stokes. Her m other is a
native of Indian Island; her aunt, Emma
Francis, is an Indian Island resident.
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
Owned Homes For Sale
in Washington County
Equal Housing
OPPORTUNITY
ANYONE CAN BUY
YOU DON’ HAVE TO
T
BE A VETERAN
See Your Local Real
E state Broker Or
Contact
IN THE FAMILY — The late Patrick Shay, Penobscot from Indian Island, left, legally
adopted Karl Toney, center, on May 30, in his room at Eastern Maine Medical Center.
He died June 4, and will b e buried in traditional custom in the Penobscot Nation. With
him in photo is his wife, Isabelle, and Gkisedtanamoogk, medicine man of the
Wampanoag Nation, in Mashpee, Mass. Shay will be buried in a sitting position, facing
east, with totem pole as marker.
Rt. 1, Moulton Road, Woodland
3 bedroom, garage — $28,000.00 — $500.00
D.P.
Main Street, Princeton
4 bedroom, garage. $29,500.00
$500.00
D.P.
No. Lubec Road, Lubec
3 bedroom, garage — $31,500.00 — $500.00
D.P.
9 Academy Street, Calais
4 bedroom, ready to move into — $29,000.00
— $500.00 D.P.
All VA financed
1 'A % interest rate
3
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION
TOGUS, MAINE 04330
Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433
�Page 4
Wabanaki Alliance June 1980
Petitioners aw ait reply
on tribal constitution
SOUTH WINDHAM — At least 52 offreservation Passamaquoddy tribal mem
bers have signed a petition to tribal
government, seeking establishment of a
tribal constitution to set forth and protect
their rights.
The signers of the petition, who are
natives of Pleasant Point and Indian
Township reservations, live mostly in the
Portland area. The petition states in part:
“
We would like to see some type of
constitution established by the respective
iribes stating what the rights of each
:ribal member (are), both on and off
reservation. And also (to) be notified of
when the elections are held for tribal
government and when various votes are
taken that affect the tribe as a whole.”
The petitioners were prevented by
tribal government from voting in a recent
referendum on the joint PassamaquoddyPenobscot land claims settlement propo
sal.
To date, we feel left out of everything
and we feel that our strengths should be
unified instead of split, and hope that you
feel the same. Please notify us of your
decision, thank you,” petition says.
the
However, a spokesman for the Passa
maquoddy petitioners said several weeks
have passed, and there has been no
response from tribal government. The
petition was sent to Indian Township Gov.
Harold J. Lew ey and council members,
and Pleasant Point Gov. Robert Newell
and council members.
Do,ma Lor“g signs '"operative agreement with Penobscot Consortium
|CE1AJ Director Charles Tetro, while Karen Shorette of CMIA looks on.
CMIA sign s c o o p e r a tiv e pact
BANGOR — A first-of-its-kind agree
ment has been worked out between
Penobscot Consortium and Central Maine
Indian Association (CMIA), to share
resources and provide better job service
to off-reservation Indians.
“ s been unique for us here. It’ going
It’
s
to substantially increase the number of
Native Americans participating in our
programs,” said Charles Tetro, consor
tium executive director. The consortium
administers federal CETA jobs in the
area.
“
What we’ looking for is a fair share in
re
CETA allocations,”explained CMIA Di
rector Donna Loring, adding that Tribal
Governors Inc., sponsor of Indian CETA
programs, cut CMIA from $38,000 to
$15,200 at a recent meeting, and allowed
the off-reservation group one and one-half
job slots. She said the new inter-agency
agreement will improve recruitment,
management and planning.
Indian s e e k s Senate seat
Indian Township graduates of crash injury management course. |Kathy Tomah Photo]
crash injury course
CMIA ^
subcontractors
INDIAN TOWNSHIP - The following ,
OEONO - Central Maine Indian Assopeople completed the CIM course spon- ciation is currently looking for Indian
sored by Wayne Newell, director of Indian
people (if possible) to sub contract out for
Township Community Health Service
fuel (wood and oil) and blankets for our
rogram.
Winter 1980 Crisis Intervention Program.
Karen Buchanan, Rose Neptune, Cheryl
If anyone has any com petitive prices on
Bacon, Paula Bryant, Doris Chapman,
these goods, please contact Marta at
Martha Barstis, Sonja Dorn.
866-5587.
Hearing set June 9 on
health center suspensions
INDIAN ISLAND — Five employees at
Penobscot Health and Social Services De
partment face a grievance hearing June 9,
before the tribal council. Two w ere sus
pended six weeks without pay, and three
placed on probation three months.
The hearing com es on the heels of the
suspension of clinic director Dr. Eunice
Baumann-Nelson and her assistant,
Denise Mitchell. Tribal nurse Ruth Davis,
health planner Maynard Krieder and
nurse practitioner Phoebe Gray were
placed on probation.
The group of five have alleged in letters
to acting health center dirctor Timothy
Love that they were denied due process,
and grounds for action taken against them
were not substantial.
The d isa gre em en t b e tw e en health
center staff, and the tribal governor and
council, apparently stem from an incident
several months ago when three health
center em ployees left the building to
assist Stanley Neptune of Indian Island,
who was at the time in confrontation with
tribal police.
Gov. Wilfred Pehrson maintains the
employees, Neana Neptune, Philip Guimond and Vicki Almenas, had no right to
leave their posts during working hours.
Baumann-Nelson argues that the three
had permission of acting supervisors to
leave the workplace.
Other issues of dispute include reim
bursement for a trip to Nashville and how
it should be handled, confidentiality of
medical records, and payment of medical
costs outside the Penobscot clinic service
area, sources told a reporter.
In a related matter, nurse Davis has
decided against resignation from her job,
and will be retained on a consulting basis.
Former U.S. Commissioner of Indian
Affairs Morris Thompson (1973-76) has
announced his intentions to run for the
Senate seat now held by Senator Mike
Gravel. D-Alaska. Thompson, an Atha
bascan Indian who is President of the
Alaska Federation of Natives, is one of
five candidates for the Republican nom
ination. Don Wright, also an Athabascan
and a form er AFN President, is also a
candidate.
COMMERCIAL
“
We went to the consortium because
they agreed to give us an equitable
share," Loring said. CMIA will remain a
member of Tribal Governors.
Tetro said “
technical assistance and
staff development resources will be avail
able as if they (CMIA) w ere our own
staff.” cited computer use and training
He
opportunities as examples.
The agreement was signed last month
in Tetro’office.
s
WABANAKI CORPORATION
ALCOHOLISM COUNSELORS
AND THEIR LOCATIONS:
Old Town
Rosalie Clark
866-5577
Clarence Francis
866-5577
Pleasant Point
Grace Roderick
853-2537
Ralph Dana
853-2537
f
Northern Maine
Alfred Dana
866-5577
Caribou Area
Pious Perley
532-7317
Harriet Perley
532-7317
Portland Area
George Paul
499-7589
Indian Township
Bernard Stevens
796-2301
James Mitchell
796-230’
RESIDENTIAL
INDUSTRIAL
Hl^ockbeson & SorT
BUILDERS
PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS
CUSTOM BUILT HOMES/RENOVATIONS
CONCRETE WORK/MASONRY
FINISH & ROUGH CARPENTRY
GENERAL CONTRACTING/SUB-CONTRACTING
942-6630
947-4163
One Merchants Plaza - Bangor
�Wabanaki Alliance June 1980
Opinion
Outreach worker an
ally of people in need
by Brenda Polchies
The outreach worker — a non-profes
sional worker with a non-professional name
applied to a human being who is in a
position to reach, make contact, and get
down to the level o f the regular people, the
common people, the white people and the
Indian people in Aroostook County. The
only qualifications needed are an ability to
get along with people, to exercise good
judgment in dealing with clients, and to
have a real understanding of the poor
economic conditions of rural people.
The outreach worker com es across all
facets of living. The non-professional work
er communicates with the young, unwed
mother, the senior citizen, the alcoholic, the
drug addict, the migrant and transient
client. These are individual people with
dissimilar destinies.
In the rural environment of Aroostook
County, days and weeks can go by without a
glimpse or presence of another human
being. People living in isolated situations
welcome and extend a warmth to you —
they are glad for the chance to relate, to
communicate, to tell you of family situations
and personal problems. They tell you what
the doctor prescribed for medication for a
physical ailment; they tell you the problem
they had with the landlord. What are these
forms that came in the mail today? D o I
have to go see these people about my SSI?
Where can I go to get the right kind of
assistance? Fuel is so expensive this year,
and I can’afford another 100 gals, of fuel oil
t
— do I qualify for energy assistance at the
so and so agency in Presque Isle?
The outreach worker is able to perform
tasks which are ordinarily assigned to
professional people. The outreach worker
can soothe the troubled mind of an alcoholic
mother; the outreach worker is put in the
position of dealing with agencies on behalf
of clients who m eet up with red tape and
who cannot understand the complicated
system which doles out assistance provided
that the client m eets endless guideline
rules.
More than anything else, these people
just need to know there is an ally, an
advocate — a friend who understands and
does not condemn. Just the plain fact of
being able to talk to someone and for that
someone really to listen and make no
judgments, this is what is needed. The
physical presence of another person does
more, accomplishes m ore in terms of up
lifting morale, and it says to the young,
unwed mother, the senior citizen, the
alcoholic, the drug addict, the migrant and
transient client — hey, you’ not alone
re
after all. Someone out there knows I’
m
here.
Poetry
Love I
It happened so cool
so calm and collected
time didn’matter
t
we both felt protected
The night was young
and the moon so bright
I hoped all along
our intentions w ere right
Our quick reactions
was part of the story
but we didn’mind
t
we w ere in our glory
Like a star that falls
it wasn’expected
t
I felt pretty good
the night was perfective
The question was why
that I was the one
to fall in her arms
and hide from the sun
Was there an event
sometime before
which made her decide
to open the door
Untitled
I have
cut my hair, said goodbye
to granite ledges,
upcountry hills
and places of primitive power
Stopped thinking of
old men
with blind eyes
and warriors’
hearts
remembered
every word,
touch,
shared silence
and the frigid pool deep in beech woods
where we swam and embraced like
awkward children.
I have stopped trying not to love you.
Lately
I have taken to roaming salt water
meadows,
to sleeping
under apple trees gone wild.
Like them, I face the sea
My dreams are not disturbed
by summer wind
Or doubt.
I have forgiven you.
Scarlet Kinney
(copyright)
Was it the night
or the moon alone
somehow it happened
I’ not yet known
ve
James Francis
Love II
Who says I’ yours
m
who says you’ mine
re
our so called love
has just declined
It’shaded black
s
like stormy clouds
and there you are
ju st sitting proud
Your lifeless heart
has got no end
for love with you
is just pretend
BIKE GANG - Out for a spin at Peter Dana Point, Indian Township, are these five
youngsters doing their “ relies." Just as cool is Melissa Mitchell of Indian Island,
wh
below, who had to slow down for the photographer to focus his camera.
Page 5
Pretending to be
the love so good
and that you think
I’ made of wood
m
you burnt m e up
and what remained
was left to face
the endless pain.
James Francis
SPECIAL W INTER ASSISTANCE
PROGRAM
FOR SEASONAL WORKERS
A T T E N T IO N
You or someone you know may be
eligible for a new winter assistance
program for seasonal and migrant
workers.
This program is basically for in
dividuals and families who have not
received the regular fuel assistance
that the state of Maine has offered this
winter.
YOU MAY BE ELIGIBLE IF:
1. You or someone in your family has
worked at least 25 days in the last two
years in seasonal agriculture, woods
work, fishing, clamming, fish packing,
fir tipping, or other seasonal farm, fish
or forest occupations. This includes
clamdigging, berry raking, potato pick
ing, haying, working as a woodcutter
on someone else’land or cutting wood
s
on your own land, work in food pro
cessing plants that is not year round,
etc. If you are not sure whether your
work qualifies you. get in touch and
ask.
WHAT KINDS OF ASSISTANCE
ARE AVAILABLE?
Under this program you may receive
assistance which will enable you to pay
for the following kinds of items and
services:
1. FUEL (any kind, including wood,
oil, kerosene, coal)
2. UTILITY BILLS which are due or
overdue
3. LP GAS
4. WARM CLOTHING AND
BLANKETS
5. STOVES AND REPAIRS TO
FURNACES AND HEATING
SYSTEMS
6. FOOD
7. M EDICAL CARE
8. Some RENT ASSISTANCE in
in special circumstances
If you think you or someone you
know may be eligible for the kinds of
assistance outlined here, please send a
postcard to: ECAP Outreach Worker,
Route 1 Box 74-1, Steuben, Maine
,
04680. Give your name, address and
phone (if you have one). Or call: 5467293 or toll free in Maine at 1-800-4321766 for more information.
IMPORTANT! YOU MUST APPLY
BEFORE JUNE 30, 1980.
�Page 6
Wabanaki Alliance June 1980
Child welfare ultimately
up to Indian people
our side, and general acceptance of the
fact that placing Indian children out of
their own culture m ore often adds to their
problems than helps them, we hope to
The first week in May marked the end
never see a “ resort case.”
last
of scheduled meetings for the subcommit
We have met no strong opposition to
tees of the Governor’ Task Force on
s
our goals within the Governor’ Task
s
Foster Care and Adoption.
Force. The torch now remains to be taken
Now the Task Force itself is faced with
the chore of taking the subcommittee’ by us, the Indian people.
s
We at Central Maine Indian Association
recommendations and suggestions and
are now experiencing a better attitude of
molding them into a final draft which will
cooperation between ourselves and gov
be presented to the Governor.
ernmental agencies concerning Indian
C entral M aine Indian A ssociation
foster children. Our office has already
(CMIA) has taken pains to present the
been asked to intervene in certain foster
problems facing Indian children to the
care cases by Department of Human
Task Force and subcommittees. W e have
stressed the lack of Indian Social Work Services. This in itself is a milestone for
ers, unfair licensing procedures and atti Indian Foster Care in Maine.
Central Maine Indian Association and
tudes, and removal of Indian children to
the reservations will b e working hand-innon-Indian foster or adoptive homes as
hand to see that if an Indian child has to
three of the biggest problems in this area
enter the foster care system he/she will
today.
W e have been working to educate our be placed with the best possible family,
not a family that has no cultural connec
selves and others about “
The Indian Child
tion or concerns.
Welfare Act of 1978”which, when fully
However, none of the good things being
implemented, will make things easier for
done will have meaning if there are no
Indian foster children. The Act states that
Indian foster homes for our children. If
Indian children in foster care are to be
placed with a member of their family as a you think you know of an Indian child
first priority, or with a member of their being taken illegally, or better yet, if you
are interested in providing a foster or
tribe, as second priority, and with another
Indian family as third priority. Only as a adoptive home for an Indian child, please
feel free to contact Central Maine Indian
“
last resort”can an Indian child now be
placed with a non-Indian family. Unfortu Association, at 95 Main Street, Orono,
nately, this applies only to Federally rec Maine — phone: 866-5587. There will be a
lot of “
red faces”if a “
last resort”case
ognized tribes, which is another thorn to
occurs because there are no Indian homes
be plucked.
With the “
Indian Child Welfare Act”on to take Indian children.
by Freeman A. Morey
CMIA Outreach Worker
Lori Nelson, sister Kelly and friend Scott Therrien.
Island student in honor society
Kelly’ older sister, Lori, will graduate
s
INDIAN ISLAND — Seventeen-yearold Kelly Nelson, a Penobscot and this June from Old Town High School, and
daughter of Lorraine Nelson, has been plans to attend an eight week health
admitted to the National Honor Society science training program for Indians, in
for her achievements at Old Town High Michigan, this summer.
School.
Interested in biology and Spanish, she
said she hopes to pursue physical therapy,
possibly at University of Vermont. She is
vice president of the student council, and
is a junior class representative. She has
been a cheerleader for basketball at Old
■
--rt
Town High.
SUBSCRIBE NOW
T
O
Kelly is a topnotch runner, and the
track team has a 3-1 record. She has
qualified for regional competitions with a
time of 2:44.5.
T
E
Emmons death
recalls termination era
KING WOODSTOVES
Complete with automatic heaters
Reg. $448.95 — Now $399.95
HARDWARE
& GUN SHOP
TOM VIC AIRE, Proprietor
O pportunity.
Wabanaki Alliance, Maine’ only
s
Indian newspaper, now offers advertising
at reasonable rates.
Take advantage of an opportunity to
reach about 3,500 readers — most of
them Indian persons — through a
display advertisement o f your choice.
Call or write us for rates and other
information.
WABANAKI ALLIANCE
95 Main St.
Orono, Maine 04473
Tel. |2071 866-4903
The only Indian-owned hardware
business in the State o f Maine
“ re eager to do business with people
We’
in the Indian community,”
says Tom.
The store carries a full line o f tools,
electrical and plumbing supplies, paint
and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine
new and used guns.
See Our Garden Supplies and Tools
For all your hardware and
hunting needs, visit —
MATT AW AMKE AG HARDWARE &
GUN SHOP
and sample some good Indian hospitality
and service.
t,
DEACON’ TRUCK — There’no mistaking the pickup owned by Brother Larry Smith
S
s
of Pleasant Point, who is a strong advocate of preserving and teaching the Passamaquoddy language. “
Sesuhs”
means Jesus, or the Lord.
RUBBERMAID PARTIES
If you are interested in having a
Rubbermaid party or perhaps becom
ing a Rubbermaid dealer in your area
and want to make some extra money,
get in touch with:
DEBBIE MITCHELL
14 OAK HILL STREET
INDIAN ISLAND
OLD TOWN, MAINE 04468
Or call during the day at 827-5513.
i
SESUHS
MM
At the age of 84, former Commissioner
of Indian Affairs Glenn Emmons (1953-61)
died March 14 in Albuquerque, New
Mexico. A banker from Gallup, New
Mexico, Emmons was appointed by Presi
dent Eisenhower. He served as Commis
sioner when U.S. Indian policy stressed
termination, state jurisdiction on reserva
tions and the relocation of Indians from
the reservations to the cities.
'
■ v iz :' I
.
-.. ............ _ •
-------------- .a /*---
.
r
r
i _ =
k
jJIPli
m
M
P
u
L
E
S
HAND CARVED INDIAN CRAFTS
Totem poles, Wabanaki war clubs,
canes, miniature totem poles, carved
letter openers with Indian heads. Also
som e jewelry.
For more information call Claude
Dennis at 1-207-827-7674 or write to
Stan Neptune, 111 Oak Hill, Indian
Island, Old Town, Maine 04468.
Cheryls Place
Now open for business. Selling novelties, toys, games, clothes, jewelry, small
appliances, etc.
There is a 10% discount for Native Americans, either bring this ad or your
hunting and fishing license for verification.
W e will donate $1.00 to Wabanaki Alliance for every person that brings this ad
and spends $5.00 or more.
Cheryl Hodgkin and Tom Thurlow
820 G ray Road (Route 202)
South W indham , M aine 04082
�YYabanaki Alliance June 1980
(Continued from page 1
)
An Indian woman's ordeal
When my grandfather and I would go
into a store in town, many people would
com e up to him and shake his hand and
talk to him. He was well loved by
everyone.
I remembered the first night he raped
me.
At the age of nine, a child will believe
almost anything, especially from someone
she loves. My grandfather would tell me if
I told anyone what he did to me, I would
be put in jail. He also said my mother
would be mad at me because he would buy
me no new clothes.
I loved Momma. I couldn’ do anything
t
to hurt her or make her mad at me, so I
kept it to myself. For sixteen years I
never told anyone. My silence was from
fear, from shame and also from guilt.
I thought about my first marriage. I was
sixteen. It ended up in a divorce after only
one year. It left me with a beautiful baby
girl which I raised m yself for three years
alone.
I remarried at nineteen. He was a good
and gentle man. I gave Tom tw o more
daughters. W e w ere very happy.
W e lived right next to his parents in our
new little house. One day his father, who
seemed a second father to me, came up to
visit me while Tom was at work. He tried
to molest me. I fought him off. He left, but
he left me with all the old memories of my
grandfather.^ Everything about that hor
rible time in my life came flooding my
mind.
I had a nervous breakdown three days
later.
I was in a mental ward for two dreadful,
long months. The doctors I had at the
hospital put m e on so many strong drugs I
became an addict. I couldn’function as a
t
normal person. I shook violently. I lost
sixty pounds in one month, necessitating
intravenous feeding. I was a mess.
Friends stayed away
The road to recovery was hard and
rocky. Slowly I made it, but things had
changed with my family.
My husband never touched m e again,
the way he used to do. My friends stayed
away; they didn't want to “
disturb”me.
My brothers and sisters were so shocked
by the facts they learned about my grand
father and me, they just stayed away also.
My mother just cried.
However, I still had my children. They
loved me just as much. Sarah was eight,
Amy was four, Kathy was two years old. I
loved them so.
My eyes were getting heavy now. The
blood covered my bed. I was glad my last
thoughts would be of my babies. I love
them so much.
Who would kiss them
in the mornings?
Who would wipe their
nose?
Who would tell them
Mommy loved them,
but she felt she
had to go?
My husband made it clear to me I was
not to be trusted with my own children.
He said he was afraid it would be too much
for me to take care of them after my
“
disease." We fought a lot about this.
Sometimes we got bitter. Many times he
was cruel. He told me if w e ever split up I
would never have the children. After all, I
had a mental record and he would use this
against me in court. W e grew farther and
farther apart. I knew I could lose my
babies. The thought broke my heart. I
loved them so.
If only I could hold them one last time. If
only I could kiss their sweet, chubby
cheeks. If only I could be there to wipe
away their tears when they found out
Mommy was gone. I would tell them they
were my heart, I love them so.
A deep, peaceful sleep
I fell asleep then. It was a deep, peaceful
sleep. Then, suddenly, someone broke my
peace. I felt a rush of air in my lungs. A
man was pounding on my heart. I heard
someone cry, “
Thank God, I think she’
s
alive!”
They took the oxygen mask off my
face. I opened m y eyes and saw the two
paramedics who w ere working over me. I
saw my sister crying, shaking with fear.
They brought me in the ambulance to the
hospital. There they pumped my stomach
and gave me blood transfusions.
My sister. Sherry, stayed with me at the
hospital. She said she saw my car in tne
yard so she stopped in to have coffee with
me. When she looked through the window
in my door, she saw the kitchen floor
covered with blood. She tried to break the
window but she couldn’ I have special
t.
glass in all my windows.
She ran down to my mother-in-law’.
s
house because she rem em bered Louise
had an extra key to my house. She told
Louise to give her the key and call an am
bulance. My white mother-in-law said “
No
I don’ want to get involved.” Sherry
t
screamed at her, “
For God’sake, at least
s
Carter cuts BIA budget by $41 million
WASHINGTON — Bureau of Indian
Affairs’1981 budget request has been
reduced by $40.2 million as a part of
President Carter’ anti-inflation program.
s
The President’revised budget proposals,
s
sent to Congress March 31, cut som e $15
billion from the total U.S. budget Con
gress received Jan. 28.
Proposed cuts for the Bureau call for
closing o f two off-reservation boarding
schools.
Keep in touch ...
The largest reductions, however, will be
brought about by delaying irrigation
project funding ($22.3 million) and road
construction ($10.8 million).
The new budget proposal would reduce
funding for the operation of Indian
programs by $7.1 million. This includes $1
million from the closing of the tw o schools;
$4.1 million in personnel compensation;
$1.7 million for supplies and equipment,
and $300,000 from a program to recruit
Subscribe now!
M AIL T O W AB A N A K I ALLIANCE, 95 M A IN STR EET, O R O N O , M A IN E 04473
W ABAN AKI ALLIANCE SU B SC R IP T IO N FO R M
(Make checks payable to Wabanaki Alliance)
Name
Street
City/Town and State .
Page 7
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..................................
Donation (Amount)
Zip Code
---
Indians into various starting-level profes
sional positions in the Bureau.
If the Stewart and Fort Sill schools are
closed, the students can be accommodated
in other Bureau schools, the Office of
Indian Education Program s has indicated.
A large proportion of the students now
enrolled at the tw o schools are from
out-of-state. Stewart has a current enroll
ment o f 409 and Fort Sill has 160.
The 1981 fiscal year begins October 1
,
1980.
INDIAN JEW ELRY
Indian-handmade quality w edding (or
friendship) bands. These are Zunimade, with cut stones, fine quality, and
sterling silver. Describe your needs
and_exact size (estimate lk size above
your regular size) and I will do m y best
to locate. Average cost will be $30 each
plus postage; none higher than $40. I
will send cost statement for your
approval before shipping C.O.D. I will
also fill orders for other handmade
Indian jew elry items if you describe
what you want.
Sue Stevens
3812 Monroe N.E.
Albuquerque, N.M. 87110
give me the key!”She grabbed the key
from Louise’ hand and raced back up to
s
my house. She called the paramedics, then
tried to stop my bleeding. She slapped my
face several times but she got no
response. She tried to find a pulse or a
heartbeat but she could detect none. She
thought that I was dead.
My husband came into my hospital room
a little while later. He showed me his
concern by saying, “
How could you do
something so stupid. All you wanted was
attention.”
I’ thought a lot about that. It’a hard
ve
s
way to get attention. If I w ere trying to
just get attention from him why did I have
to go so far as I did to get it? I don’ put
t
the blame on him or" anyone else for that
matter. I did what I did because of myself.
If one learns to hate and be ashamed of
oneself, one learns one has no worth, no
purpose in life.
I’ changed my way of thinking a little
ve
bit now. I know that what happened
between me and my grandfather wasn’
t
my fault. Still the shame and som e of the
guilt are still here. I go to a psychiatrist
once a week and we talk a lot.
I have also learned my husband can’
t
use my mental record against me in court.
I’ learning to forgive myself and
m
others who have hurt me. I’ learning I
m
have to try to love myself. I’ not the
m
“
bad girl”I always thought I was. I’ a
m
good person with a lot to give.
Editor’ Note: Diane Edwards, 26, (not
s
her real name), a Penobscot, is currently
attending college, majoring in mental
health.
W AN TED
Handmade miniatures suitable for fur
nishings in or around miniature houses
built to a scale of 1” = 1 foot.
Especially (but not exclusively) in
terested in baskets of all types, cradles,
birchbark items, or other things not
found in the ordinary toy shop. These
have to be well made, and to scale.
Prefer natural colors. Send a sketch,
photo or description, or better yet a
sample, and your asking price per item.
Business will be conducted on a C.O.D.
basis.
Sue Stevens
3812 Monroe N.E.
Albuquerque, N.M. 87110
CAN’ FIND A JOB?
T
TRY THE
Job Corps
Would you like to be trained as a ...
Bookkeeper
Secretary/Stenographer
Clerk Typist
Nursing Assistant
If you are 16 to 21 and not in school,
the Penobscot Job Corps Center has
training programs which may be of
interest to you.
The Penobscot Job Corps Center
provides all trainees with a place to
live, meals, health care and a cash
monthly stipend while you learn. And
when you finish, w e’ also help you
ll
find a job.
SOUND GOOD?
IT J S GOOD.
ASK FOR JOB CORPS
—in the Portland area—775-7225
—in the Auburn area—786-4190
—in the Bangor area—947-0755
—or toll free anywhere in Maine
at 1-800-432-7307
ASK FOR
JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT
�Page 8
Wabanaki Alliance June 1980
Flashback photo
news notes
Mashpee Indians plan gala weekend
MASHPEE, Mass. — All night drum
ming is part of festivities planned here by
ihe Wampanoag tribe, July 4-6.
Prizes will be given in a dance contest,
including traditional and fancy. Canoeing,
foot races, archery and fire ball, plus a
“
princess contest,” are on the agenda.
Crafts, a clam bake Sunday and bean
supper Saturday, will be featured. Space
is available for camping. For further infor
mation contact Mashpee Wampanoag
tribal council, Box 1048, Mashpee, Mass.
02649. Gates open at 1 p.m.
Health staff attend
Arizona meeting
All-nations powwow
planned
Four health w ork ers re p re se n tin g
Passamaquoddy and Penobscot health
departments attended a recent meeting in
Tempe, Arizona.
Present at the April 18-23 session were
Ruth Davis and Natalie Mitchell from
Indian Island, Sonja Dorn from Indian
Township, and Hazel Dana from Pleasant
Point. The event was called American
Indian and Alaska Native Nurses con
vention.
Mitchell joins marines
INDIAN ISLAND - Burnell Mitchell,
Penobscot, joined the U.S. Marine Corps
last month, and has been assigned to
Parris Island, S.C., for training.
Mitchell is married to the former
Pauline Benally, a Navajo. They have a
baby daughter, Marissa. Mitchell is the
son of Juanita and Matthew Mitchell Sr.,
of Indian Island.
BISMARCK, N.D. — A variety of prizes
in various categories of singing and
dancing will be offered at an all-nations
powwow, slated June 21-22, at United
Tribes Educational Center. Total prizes
amount to $3,325. Both fancy and tradi REMEMBER WHEN — Can any of our readers date this very early photo of teacher
tional styles will be performed.
and pupils at Indian Island school on the Penobscot reservation? The school in
background has been expanded over the years to its present size, and is today said to be
too small. This photo, a postcard printed in Germany for Berry Paper Co. of Lewiston,
Sapiel a poster finalist
was lent to Wabanaki Alliance by Pastor Donald Daigle of Indian Island Baptist Church.
ORONO — Jennie E. Sapiel, a fifth
grader at Asa C. Adams School, has been
notified that for her entry in the Educa
t io n Ecology Poem and Poster Program,
she has been selected as a finalist.
An official of the Awareness Office, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, has
announced that this is the second highest
award in the program and only 200 en
trants out of more than 7,000 w ere
selected as finalists.
Three resign from development office
INDIAN ISLAND — Three staff mem
bers of Penobscot Department of Em
ployment and Development resigned re
cently. One of them complained recently
about his situation.
Elwin (Al) Sapiel, told Wabanaki Alli
ance he quit his job because, “ would’
we
ve
been let go anyway, sooner or later. I can’
t
get no help over here. I have to go outside
Correction
A front page story in last month’
s
Wabanaki Alliance incorrectly stated that
Maynard Krieder, placed on probation by
the Penobscot tribal council, was records
clerk with the Indian Island health center.
Krieder is the health planner with the
clinic.
the reservation for som e technical assist
ance,” said.
he
Sapiel acknowledged he has had “
dis
agreem ents about different things”in the
past, with tribal Gov. Wilfred Pehrson, his
half-brother. Also resigning w ere Sheila
Sapiel and Alison Sapiel. The three DED
em ployees w ere replaced by Kenneth
Paul, Lee Cameron and a receptionist.
Richard Hamilton has replaced George
Tomer as director of the department.
NCAI slates conference
WASHINGTON — National Congress
of American Indians (NCAI) has schedul
ed its mid-year conference June 18-20, at
Reno, Nevada. Plans are, to “
receive and
strengthen" the role of these committees.
Have you got their number?
Pleasant Point reservation has a new “
PBX" centralized phone system, with one
general connecting number: 853-2551, Learning about the pushbutton phone system
with new equipment are, from left, Barbara Dana, Katha Seeley, Beatrice Soctomah,
Thomas Lewey, Cindy Lola, Mary Lola. Helen Frydel of New England Telephone
conducted the class.
SKITIKUK
OUTFITTERS
Specialists in Wilderness Travel
SALES - RENTALS - GUIDE SERVICE
Featuring IGAS Island Packs and Travelling G ea r
C O M E BY A N D SEE US
38 Main St.
O ron o
866-4878
PATTERN NO. 200
Filet crochet or cross stitch em broidery squares for afghan or bedspread. Send
$1.75 plus 25c for postage and handling to
PATTERNS
P.O. Box 3061
Portland, Maine 04104
�
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Dublin Core
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<em>Wabanaki Alliance </em>(June 1980)
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Division of Indian Services, Indian Resource Center, Orono, ME
Date
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1980-06
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English
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Document
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pdf
Description
An account of the resource
The June 1980 issue of the <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> covers many important topics, such as Native child welfare, a woman's ordeal with suicide, local poetry, and a local worker's ordeal as an ally of people in need. Some of these are major issues for the Native community, and as such they take up a greater amount of space in the paper than the rest of the stories. <br /><br />One article, entitled “Child Welfare Ultimately Left Up To Indian People,” talks about the the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978. This legislation was a major stepping stone for the Native people of Maine. It states that Indian children in foster care will be placed with a member of their family as a first priority, or with a member of their tribe as a secondary priority, and with another indian family as a third priority. Only as a ‘last resort’ will this child be given up to a non-Indian family. The Act tried to ensure that Native peoples could maintain their cultural influence on their children, as well as making sure the culture of these tribes stay alive within each new generation, as opposed to the “pencil genocide” that had been the policy of North American governments since the birth of the colonial period. <br /><br />This newspaper also includes many advertisements typically found in newspapers, but clearly targeted for a Native American population. One large ad for “Cheryl's Place” states that “There is a 10% discount for Native Americans” if they bring identification, and promises to donate “One dollar to the Wabanaki Alliance” for every purchase of five dollars or more at the store. There are also more mentions of Indian-owned shops such as gun stores and totem pole sales, as well as many job opportunities being offered by the people advertising these products in the paper. <br /><br />The article “An Indian Woman’s Ordeal With Suicide” is a personal story of a Penobscot woman who attempted to take her life. She grew up with family violence as well as constant criticism from her classmates for being Native American. After recovering from her attempt she began the process of healing. Finally, the opinion piece, “An Outreach Worker An Ally Of People In Need,” speaks about an outreach worker's effect on the Native people of Aroostook County, and about helping to combat the loneliness that comes along with living in Aroostook County. This article mentions the many services that an outreach worker provides, such as aid for those with addictions, outreach to lonely mothers, and dealing with other companies and such on behalf of the people of Aroostook County. <br /><br /><br />
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Information about rights held in and over the resource
Used in consultation with Steven Cartwright, editor of the <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em>
-
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PDF Text
Text
Noo-proOl Organization
U.S. Pottage Paid 3.1c
Permit No. 1
4
Orono, Maine
W abanaki
A llia n c e
Published by Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc.
Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main Street, Orono, Maine 04473.
May 1980
ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED
40
*
Health center director
suspended six weeks
INDIAN ISLAND — A widening rift
between the tribal governor and health
center director exploded recently with the
suspension of the director, her adminis
trative assistant, and probation status for
three other health center employees.
Gov. Wilfred Pehrson and the Penob
scot tribal council suspended Dr. Eunice
Baumann - Nelson, head of Penobscot
Health and Social Services, and Denise
Mitchell, her assistant, until June 12.
Placed on probation for three months
were tribal nurse Ruth Davis, who has
elected to resign, records clerk Maynard
Krieder, and pediatric nurse practitioner
Phoebe Gray.
Baumann-Nelson and Mitchell were
suspended without pay.
A grievance hearing has been formally
requested through Timothy Love, a tribal
official temporarily placed in charge of the
health center.
Perhson declined comment on the
council action against health center staff,
stating that he did not think it was
“
news.”Wabanaki Alliance learned that
Gov. Pehrson and Dr. Baumann-Nelson
have disagreed on many occasions in the
past, in particular regarding an incident
when staff left the premises without
authorization. At the time, Pehrson
(Continued on page 5)
Housing accounts deeply in debt
INDIAN TOWNSHIP and PLEASANT
POINT — The two Passamaquoddy reser
vations are each more than a half million
dollars in the red, Wabanaki Alliance has
learned.
Pleasant Point’ tribal housing author
s
ity fell short by ten units of a planned 40
unit development. Each unit costs about
$70,000.
Indian Township reportedly has cost
overruns totaling about $600,000. The
federal Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD), has tentatively
agreed to pay $280,000 of the overruns, on
the basis that this percentage was not the
fault of tribal officials.
The Township has painstakingly recon
structed its bookkeeping and accounts for
housing, to ensure that HUD would
continue its relationship with the tribe.
Pleasant Point Housing Director Clay
ton Cleaves has informed HUD that left
over materials could be sold by the tribe
for construction of a planned additional 20
units. Indian Township Housing Director
George Stevens said units are planned at
the Strip and Peter Dana Point.
A HUD official said that both reser
vations can qualify for additional funds
even though prior accounts are in arrears.
Indian Island is apparently in good
financial shape, with no overruns in the
Penobscot Nation Housing Authority.
“
Force account," a procedure by which
tribal housing authorities employed tribal
members in construction, has been a
failure, the HUD official conceded. Some
of the overruns can be laid to force
account, he said.
In the future, housing will be built
through conventional contract with a
developer, the official said.
FIRST CATCH OF SPRING - These guys wasted no time in breaking out their fishing
gear and trying their skiJls on the bass at Indian Township. Pictured from the left are
Dale Newell, Dennis Tomah, Joshua Lake (holding onto his hat with one hand and
fishing pole with the other], Ryan Gabriel, and Jay Malec.
Lack of legal jurisdiction
leaves tribes unprotected
WASHINGTON — At Pleasant Point,
the tribal governor was patroling the
reservation himself, after most of his
police department either resigned in
frustration, or were fired.
At Indian Township, the hands of law
enforcement officers w ere “
tied," by the
lack of legal jurisdiction over lesser
crimes.
What is plaguing the tw o Passamaquoddy reservations is the result of the
Sockabasin-Dana case last summer, in
which Maine’ supreme court said Indian
s
lands are not subject to state jurisdiction.
For major crimes, federal authorities
handle jurisdiction, but there is as yet no
mechanism to handle minor offenses.
At Pleasant Point, a rock was thrown
through a resident’ picture window, and
s
the glass door of the public safety
department was smashed. But at least.
Pleasant Point has been working toward a
federally sponsored tribal court, called
“
CFR,” Court of Offenses.
or
The Township is a different story.
There, residents voted in'a referendum to
continue state jurisdiction on the reserva
tion for a period of several years, but
apparently neglected to determine how
this could be arranged, prior to the vote.
Tribal lawyer Thomas Tureen could not be
reached for comment at press time.
G eorge T. Skibine, a U.S. Bureau of
Indian Affairs (BIA) official, said from his
Washington office that “
nobody here
knew that there was some sort of agree
ment between the tribe and the state for
jurisdiction."
BIA Eastern Area Director Harry
Rainbolt, who was in Bangor this month
for a convention, reportedly told the
(Continued on page 8)
Governor rebuts his critics
WHO SAID READING ISN’ FUN — Especially when you’ learning your native
T
re
language. Jaciuta Altvater, 8, (left] and Renee Altvater, 7, enjoy a Passamaquoddy
legend about the tricky “
Espons,”
the raccoon.
by Bill O’
Neal
PLEASANT POINT - Tribal Gov.
Robert Newell has publicly defended his
record here, in the wake of several articles
in which tribal mem bers criticized his ad
ministration.
At one point, friction with Newell
became so great that a petition was
proposed seeking removal of the gover
nor. It was not circulated after several
tribal members urged petitioners give
Newell an opportunity to improve.
“ really saddens me that I have to do
It
this,”Newell said. “ think this is som e
I
thing internal. It bothers me to have to
rebut this publicly."
Commenting on tribal mem bers’
objec
tions to the number of federal programs
on the reservation and their frequent
failures Newell said. “ agree there are a
I
lot of failures, but there have been a lot of
success stories, too. These federal pro
grams didn't walk here: we had to go out
and get them to develop talents. You have
to consider the development of Indian
people in the last decade." The primary
purpose of these federal programs has
been to provide employment and training,
he said.
Reservation housing has been the
largest source of employment at Pleasant
Point and has also proved to be the
greatest liability, with cost overruns
plunging the reservation into debt and
causing the layoff of most of the construe(Continued on page 5
)
�Page 2
Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Poetry
editorials
Accountability
Pleasant Point tribal council and governor Robert Newell have
come under fire recently for allegedly failing to keep tribal members
informed o f decisions being made on their behalf. They have been
accused o f not being available to answer questions people have about
tribal concerns and programs.
Governor Newell, in a rebuttal to his critics (printed elsewhere in
this issue) said he regrets having to go public with his comments. It is
this very attitude o f secrecy that prom pted critics to consider a
petition for his removal.
At this point drafters o f that petition have suspended it, waiting to
see if governor and council will becom e more responsive to their
needs. We feel the governor’ facing them publicly is a step in the
s
right direction.
Loggerheads
Unity, harmony, working together. These are easy words to mouth,
but much harder to put into practice. Indian culture has the
reputation o f teaching calm, effective interaction. This does not
mean peace always prevails.
War has broken out between the Governor’ office at Indian
s
Island, and the Penobscot Health and Social Services Department.
The apparent fued between Gov. Wilfred Pehrson and Dr. Eunice
Baumann-Nelson may at its core be no m ore than a personality
conflict. W e’ not taking sides, but we hope the adversary factions
re
can resolve their differences.
Nobody should allow disruption o f medical and social services to
tribal members. However, this on-going flap between the health
clinic and tribal government has already jeopardized services.
We don't know whether suspending the clinic director and her
assistant, plus putting several staff on probation threatens Indian
Health Service funding. We do know that Pehrson’ action brought
s
morale at the health center to a record low.
The clinic staff has vowed to stick together, and a grievance will be
filed. We don’know if there is merit to the Governor and council’
t
s
complaints about the director and staff. He chose not to disclose the
matter to the press.
Whatever the complaints, to demoralize the entire staff o f the
health center seems unwarranted. All parties should seek to remedy
the situation immediately.
®
Dear Mother —
I love you —
and m iss you —
I’ sorry for
m
what I said
Mother Dear
you can’take
t
back what was
said —
Dear Mother
I hope you
forgive —
P.S. H ove you —
Diane Newell Wilson
Untitled
0 native American, how did you view the life of your Mother?
Why did you take sparingly of nature’supply?
s
Only for your ultimate gain, assuring later harvests?
Or did you truly respect Earth’children in all their forms?
s
What ran w e learn from you that will soften our materiality—
That will enrich the qualities of our close environment—
Will sharpen our focus on our neighbor and brother?
What spiritual insights did you have which surpass our glitter?
Insights worthy of sincere respect, of emulation, not destruction.
Will you share your knowing as I seek with honesty?
Judith Schmidt, 1979
The People first
by Sky Owl
Penobscot Nation
As long as elected officials and repre
sentatives need large sums of m oney to
achieve and retain office, this pow er will
not diminish on planning major changes, it
will only frustrate efforts to change.
To overcome this people must volun
tarily organi2e to make known and get the
kind of living conditions they would
prefer.
Decisions are being made “
for”people
rather than “
by”people, a large propor
tion of changes benefit a privileged sector.
People need to b e part of the decision
making process, to recognize their value
and rally to their own support.
Boards and committees should be made
up of community-minded people, selected
by the people . . . not the same people on
all boards and committees.
The development of a cooperative spirit
is needed for dealing with common prob
Fiddleheads
Politics, the sagging economy, getting older and other ponderous
problems, what do they matter when measured against the fabled
fiddlehead?
Fiddleheading time has com e again to Maine, and the old Indian
tradition (long ago adopted by the white man) flourishes. While other
customs may languish, the quest o f these furled ferns continues
unabated.
In some cases, money is a motive, although nobody has made their
fortune picking the little green fiddles, which require hours of
picking to fill a burlap sack. It’old fashioned backbreaking toil, the
s
kind your grandfather would say is “
good for you.’ O f course, old
pros know that if you wet down your fiddleheads, they weigh just a
tad more ...
Most fiddleheaders, however, pick for the love o f it. They love the
outing, the picking, and the eating. Add butter, a little salt pork
maybe, and fry. Or steam. The aroma awakens the fiddlehead apetite
that lay dormant all winter. Spring is here, the river recedes from its
banks, and those cheerful green leprechauns poke their heads up
through the mud, branches and last year’ leaves.
s
Heading out at dawn by canoe is the best way to stalk the elusive
fiddlehead. The sweet fern is a little sonnet, a May minuet. Behold
the fiddlehead.
Mother
Mother Dear —
I’ sorry for
m
what w e two
said —
Behold the fiddlehead.
lems, and can be valuable to the on-going
life of the community and its accomplish
ments. The grow ing population has creat
ed problem s that demand the utmost
technical and social skill to resolve,
because these problems won’ resolve
t
themselves. They must be faced before
they spawn others that in time envelop
and destroy the community.
Community: an area in which people
with common culture share common
interest.
Voluntary boards and com mittees are
less subject to bureaucratic characteris
tics and are more successful: they are free
of domination and they will outnumber
bureaucrats in decision-making by putting
the needs of people above the survival of
the bureaucracies.
T h e com m u nities, co m m itte e s and
boards that are dominated by a single
pow er structure will breed jealousy, frus
tration, hatred, discouragement.
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Page 3
letters
A Cherokee's life
South Casco
To the editor:
I am writing this letter to you in appre
ciation for the months you have sent me
the Wabanaki news.
Although my heritage is not of the
Indians of Maine, my interest is high in
the folklore of all the Indian tribes. I am
Cherokee and have a proud heritage as
you well know. My father was born in
Baton Rouge, La., as w ere his brothers (2
)
and one sister. He was brought up as best
he could be by his people. When but a
young boy he and his father and mother
and brothers migrated to Louisville, Ky.
Here his father learned to make bricks
and eventually had his own brickyard. My
father got some education (formal) in
Louisville and eventually left home to go
to work selling surgical supplies for
American Surgical Supply Co.
He came to Maine in his travels and
went to work for Armour Co., Portland.
Me. He met my mother, a high school
student about to graduate, class of 1906
and they, after a lengthy courtship by
today’standards married on New Year’
s
s
Eve 1914. I made my advent Sept. 13,
1919.
Among the artifacts and other momentos I have come across or have been told
about is a rather singular fact that my
great-great grandmother on my father's
side lived 1,650 moons or, as I have
figured out approximately 127 years if a
moon is as I assume, 28 days. This, I have
been told, made her the oldest living
Indian woman on record.
I admire the long life of Rev. F. C.
Slayton, age 110 and a chief of the
Cherokee tribe from Oklahoma. I read his
note to Wabanaki editor this a.m. Con
gratulations to him and his young bride of
7
8!
I am 60 years old, in excellent health at
this time and if the Great Spirit will look
with favor upon me I may have inherited
longevity also.
My father died at the age of 67 from
tobacco mosaic, a blood disease contracted
from overindulgence in smoking. It was at
the time of his death considered a form of
aggravated cancer of the blood.
Wabanaki Alliance
I was brought up by my grandparents, a
strick Anglican family of Scotch-English
background. These w ere my m other’
s
people. I want to g o on record in agree
ment with the lady who has brought up a
Sioux Indian boy — you don’ have to be
t
brought up by an Indian family to be a
good Indian. I feel that if one can follow
the teachings of any good family and ulti
mately pray, as in the Indian Prayer of the
January issue of Wabanaki news, that
displacement is of little importance.
I’ had my successes and failures, my
ve
victories and defeats and exposure to life
in general. What I learned from my
grandfather, grandmother, mother and
father stood by me when I needed to
review my childhood counseling.
I am definitely in favor o f the perman
ent establishment of Maine Indian land
claims area as a site to perpetuate Indian
philosophy, language, arts, crafts and
philosophy of living. The Indians have a
beautifully simple and sincere approach to
life and its problems and are perfectly able
to survive even in today’highly technical
s
civilization or society.
I submit this letter to you in respect for
your sacrifices in the past in the media and
hope that success in the future will enable
you to continue to publish Wabanaki
Alliance.
Richard H. McKinney
The goings-on
Dan forth
To the editor:
I have been receiving Wabanaki Alli
ance since it has started and I enjoy it
very much, this is the only way I can hear
what is going on at the reservations and I
live only 35 miles from one of them, so
please keep sending.
Geraldine Tomah Oliver
Priceless
To the editor:Wabanaki Alliance is priceless, and that
says it all. Keep up the wonderful work.
Marge Hammond
Vol. 4, No. 5
May 1980
Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [D1S] at the Indian Resource Center,
95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone [207] 866-4903. Typeset by Old Town/Oronc
Times. Printed by Ellsworth American.
Member — Maine Press Association
Steven Cartwright, Editor
William O ’
Neal, Associate Editor
Mary T. Byers
Brenda Polchies
Roberta Richter
Kathy Tomah
Reporters
Indian Island
Houlton
Pleasant Point
Indian Township
Phone 827-4543
Phone 532-7317
Phone 853-4654
Phone 796-2301
SHOVING OFF — Penobscot tribal members, with bags and buckets to fill, head up the
Penobscot River in search of fiddlehead ferns. The delicacy is plentiful on the river’
s
islands, where Indians only are allowed to pick them. May is fiddlehead month.
Devastation
Mattawamkeag
T o the editor:
Today I am deeply concerned for
Indian people. W e are being exposed to
a terrible disease. One that can be fatal
to us as a people. I am not sure how it
became active, but I am aware of a few
situations that prom ote it. The major
promoter is the non-Indian community.
It is a predominate belief in
“
America” day that you must be only
to
an individual and you must be con
cerned only for your needs. Millions of
“
Americans” to work daily with the
go
attitude being imposed upon us. We
must be very careful with this situation
because it lends support to another
situation. That is, the life support
system that we depend on: "federal
funding.'fYn order to be “
eligible" we
must comply with regulations. And we
are constantly being advised by T e d s ’
that there is not enough money for all
Indians, so we must regulate out some
of the less desirable. Consequently, we
impose “
definition” upon our people.
Definitions that separate us from each
other. Definitions that say a Passamaquoddy or Penobscot quarter blood is
more Indian than a Micmac or Maliseet
quarter blood, or that a quarter blood
Maliseet is more Indian if he or she is a*
member of the Houlton band. And the
divisions go on and on. The result being
that the strength of Indian people, the
strength of a tribe and the strength of
the families are ultimately devastated,
and we are reduced to only a group of
individuals that have only history in
common^
Unless we innoculate ourselves now
with large doses of caring for one
another we will become consumed by
society and eliminated as a people.
Tom Vicaire
Understanding Indians
Poughkeepsie. N.Y.
To the editor:
I would like to thank the Wabanaki
Alliance for the wonderful and much
appreciated assistance your paper gave
me with my research paper I was writing
on the Maine Indian land claims issue. My
report was very successful.
However, more importantly than this, I feel, is that in reading the Wabanaki
Alliance I have been made aware of the
real human struggles and triumphs of the
Indian peoples. Your paper portrays the
Indian situation in such a way that the
reader is filled with a deep admiration and
understanding for what it means to be an
Indian attempting to survive in today’
s
fastpaced, “
barbaric" world. Stripped of
the violent or romantic stereotypes of the
past, the Indian situation is a desperate
and poignant one which warrants more
concerned public attention and involve
ment. However, I realized that therein lies
one of your greatest problems: most
people do not care, nor do they want to get
involved. Although I am a very patriotic
American, I am saddened and disillusion
ed by how often America falls short of its
freedom and equality ideals. The Indians
are just one example of a group of people
who are suffering because their needs are
often overlooked by the government.
All I want to say here is that I feel for
the Indians and their “
cause." I think you
are a strong and proud breed of people.
Keep fighting for what is rightfully
yours! I'm with you all the way on the land
claims case! You deserve every part and
parcel of it.
Please accept this coniribulion and
continue my subscription to the W ahanaki
’
Alliacne so that I can keep abreast of the
Indian situation.
Catherine Robbins
Vassar College
Keep in touch . . . Subscribe now!
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Carroll Stevens, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Albert Dana, Tribal Councilor
Timothy Love, Representative to State Legislature
Jeannette Neptune, Community Development Director
Jeannette LaPIante. Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Clair Sabattis, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
Indian Island
Orrington
Indian Township
Indian Island
Indian Township
Old Town
Houlton
Houlton
DIS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services, Inc. of Maine. Subscriptions to
rhi-e newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95 Main St., Orono, Me.
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butions are deductible for income tax purposes. Rates: $5 per year [12 issues]; $6 Canada
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�Page-4
Wahanaki Alliance May 1980
Will Wabanaki Indians share Black Hills fate?
by Freeman A. Morey
“
Whatever befalls the earth befalls the
people of the earth. Humans did not
weave the web of life, we are merely a
strand in the web. Whatever we do to the
web we do to ourselves . . . tribe follows
tribe and nation follows nation like the
waves of the sea. It is the order of nature
and regret is useless. Your time of decay
may be distant, but it will surely come, for
even the whites whose God walked and
talked with them as friend to friend,
cannot be exempt from the common
destiny.
We may be family after all. W e will
see.”
Chief Sealth (Seattle)
1855 (translated)
“
Whatever befalls the earth befalls the
people of the earth.”
These words, spoken well over a
hundred years ago, ring as true today as
they did yesterday. They will be even
more relevant tomorrow.
As we enter the 80’ war, hunger and
s
disease are taking a “
back seat”to the
ever-growing and equally as dangerous
problem of nuclear and industrial pollution
and its effect on our environment.
Even now “
acid rain”is falling on our
lakes and forests, and our green woods
and fields are being sprayed by all sorts qf
“
pest”
control chemicals.
Our brothers and sisters in the Black
Hills of South Dakota are fighting a tooth
and claw battle to prevent the beautiful
countryside they live in from becoming an
uninhabitable wasteland due to the rav
ages of uranium mining.
The “
Black Hills Alliance International
Survival Gathering” July 18-27 in the
Black Hills) is trying to raise the level of
awareness of both the Indian and white
•communities.
Several interesting facts to consider
about the problem of uranium mining and
production are as follows:
1. The damaging health effects of low
level and high level radiation are not
reversible.
2. Exploring for uranium is a process of
drilling thousands of holes as much as
10,000 feet through underground rock
layers releasing deadly radon gas and
other radioactive materials into the water
and air.
3. Uranium milling waste is ore called
“
tailings." These sand-like particles are 85
percent as radioactive as the original ore.
These millions of tons of w astes release
radon gas for 800,000 years.
4. Near the Cheyenne River in Edgemont. South Dakota, there are 7.5 million
tons of radioactive materials and mill
tailings, which release radon gas. In 1962,
200 tons of radioactive materials spilled
into the Cheyenne River and washed 25
miles downstream until they sank into
Angostura Reservoir. There has never
been any clean-up or concern shown for
the health and safety of the people who
drink this water.
The tailings at Edgemont are still
blowing in the wind and being washed
away by rain and snow.
5. A Pine Ridge, South Dakota, prelim
inary study by Women of All Red Nations
indicate alarming increases in birth de
fects, spontaneous abortions and cancer
deaths they believe are linked to the
contamination of the water supply by
radiation and chemical wastes.
6. The Tennessee Valley Authority has
reported that it will use at least 675
gallons of water per minute for its mineral
development. This destroys the natural
aquifers (an aquifer is an underground
water bearing rock formation) of the area
mined. T.V.A. admits that one of.its mines
will dewater the Lakota Nation’ aquifer
s
in 35 years or less.
BLACK HILLS ALLIANCE
Although much fussing and reporting is
done on nuclear power plant accidents, the
pollution involved is minute compared to
the daily release of uranium dust and gas
that is expelled from the uranium mines
via ventillation culverts.
If you missed the television special “
The
Uranium Factor”I strongly urge you to
see it if it ever plays again.
Just the sight of many different mines,
most working 24 hours a day, and dis
charging clouds of radioactive dust
through ventilator pipes 2 or 3 feet across
are enough to drive home the extent of the
danger present.
What’ especially eye-opening is the
s
fact that this radioactive dust and gas
rides the wind, rain and snow in a easterly
direction, mingling with the pollution of
the Eastern factory towns to fall on our
beloved lakes and woods. We are not
mining uranium nor can our factory towns
com pete with the industrial pollution of
Detroit, Pittsburg, Chicago or any of the
other large industrial areas in the country.
Yet, it is us the acid rain falls on, not just
them. We can sit here in Maine (or the
Northeast in general) and think we have
clean water and woods we so proudly
refer to as “
Vacationland.”
If the neglect of the dangers of radio
active and industrial waste continue as
they are today then the new name for
Maine will be “
Wasteland.”
As greedy people are trying to exploit
the Black Hills for the “ oney”that lies
m
deep in the ground, so are the.same kind
of people trying to make themselves
richer by destroying our woodlands. In my
opinion the real reason behind the Spruce
Budworm Spraying is money, pure and
simple. Instead of letting nature take its
course and accepting the budworm for
what it is, the larger paper companies are
crying that we need more wood now, and
that they don’have enough money to pay
t
for the spraying so the government (us)
have to carry the load. The fact is that
America does need wood. But, is it worth
the millions of dollars for spraying, plus
the harvesting cost, plus the chemical
pollution of our land. If we let the
budworm run its course it will go away in
a few years by itself, but this is too long to
wait for those who want money now.
What will they say when they have
developed a “
super budworm’that can t
be killed?
Throughout history, no group of people
have ever tried harder to adapt the land to
their needs rather than adapting to the
earth’ needs more than the rich and
s
powerful. When will the large industrial
pow ers realize that not only will their
workers perish but they themselves will
finally feel the sting of earth’ rebuttal of
s
their ways?
In my opinion the “
status quo” has
always been the rich letting the poor live
in squalor and die so the rich can get
richer. Today, however, the scene is
changing, th e poor are still suffering to
serve the rich and rich still want more.
But, the “ ore”
m
that they want will be the
downfall of us all. Yesterday’ hardships
s
of coal mining, field work and factory
labor are a drop in the bucket compared to
the dangers of radioactive and industrial
wastes.
When the pollution level reaches a
certain height there will be no turning
back for poor and rich alike. Radiation in
the air will not be contained like coal dust.
Even the big white house on the hill is
subject to air pollution just like the rest of
us.
Change is the natural process. If we are
not to die out as a species we must change
our actions and stop killing ourselves. If
we don’ the earth will make the change
t
for us and destroy us all. If this is to be, I
for one hope it com es soon, so the rest of
the plant and animal life m ight have a
chance to start again.
We must first identify the enemy
correctly. The enemy of the Indian is not
the white man, the enemy of the white
man is not the Indian.
Greed, apathy and unwillingness to give
a little now to reap a lot later are our real
enemies. Everywhere around us we see
examples of people working unnecessarily
dangerous jobs because they simply need
the money.
Let us realize that it is the greedy,
money and power hungry people that are
the enemy of us all. The idea that any one
race is responsible for our troubles is
ridiculous. Nuclear and industrial waste
dangers are not a scare or a myth. They
tell us the pesticides sprayed on our
woods are not harmful to man. That’ the
s
same story they told about “
Agent
Orange” our soldiers in Viet Nam.
to
Truthfully, if we sit back and do nothing
when we are aware of the severity of the
problems that face us, then we, yes we,
are our own worst enemies.
Navajo Nation opposes
federal relocation scheme
WINDOW ROCK, Arizona — Indian
health officials have warned the federal
government that eviction of thousands of
Navajo Indians from their Arizona reser
vation “
presents a clear and present
threat to the mental and emotional
stability of the relocatees," according to a
press release from Navajo tribal govern
ment.
Dr. Martin Topper, an anthropologist
with the mental health branch of Indian
Health Service (IHS), said studies show
6,000 Navajo men, and women and
children facing relocation are showing “
an
unusually high evidence” of serious
mental and emotional health problems. He
said the pending relocation bill will sig
nificantly add to their stress, the press
release stated.
Topper said Navajos waiting to be
evicted from their homeland because of a
land dispute with the Hopi Indians are
using government mental health facilities
on the Navajo Reservation. He said
depression among potential “
relocatees”
is
three times the average for the rest of the
Navajo Tribal leaders and others work
ing on the reservation are worried that
the congressionally-mandated eviction
will destroy the cultural fabric that ties
the Navajos together as a people, a tribal
spokesman said.
Navajo Tribal Chairman Peter Mac
Donald, who has been fighting the relo
cation plan from the beginning, urged
Congress not to proceed “
with this in
human mandate, particularly in view of
these medical reports. The Navajo people
are sick at heart because they cannot
understand why Congress and the federal
government would want this to happen,”
he said.
Anti-nucleor rally
includes Indians
WASHINGTON -r- A massive demon
stration against use and development of
nuclear power in this country took place
here April 26, and a number of Indian
tribes w ere represented. Upholding In
dian treaties was one plank of the “
anti
nuke”platform at the rally, that included
groups such as Black Hills Alliance of
South Dakota (a coalition of Indians and
non-Indians). Several Penobscots from
Indian Island attended, including Lorraine
Nelson, Martin Neptune and others. Folksinger Pete Seeger was among perform
ers. A longtime anti-nuclear activist, he
has for years supported Indians and their
causes.
SOME THINGS NEVER CHANGE - Pleasant Point youngsters Timmy Moore [left]
and Scooby Stanley spend the afternoon perfecting an ancient skill.
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Page 5
Commentary
In su pport o f claim s p rop osa l
by William C. Bullock, Jr.
I would like to offer the following
comments supporting the ratification by
our State House of Representatives and
Senate of the proposed land claims settle
ment.
The original ten tative settlem e n t
agreed upon several years ago called for a
financial payment of approximately $50
million from the federal government or
approximately $112 an acre. The current
package of $80 million works out to a per
acre cost in the neighborhood of approxi
mately $180 which, when one considers
the compounding of double digit inflation
and the increasing land values, does not
appear to be out of line.
The people of Maine and the Indian
people are indeed the innocent parties
here of an action that took place almost
200 years ago, with the real burden lying
upon the federal government. The federal
government got us into this can of worms
and it’their responsibility to get us out.
s
Unlike the western states we have
never received any federal funds for our
Indian people from the Bureau of Indian
Affairs, and I look upon part of the $80
million from the federal government as
funds justly due our state for reimburse
ment of the financial cost that we have
paid for the human service needs of our
Indians over this period of time. Is $80
million such a substantial sum for a federal
government with a budget approaching
3 of a trillion dollars to pay a state with
As
one of the lowest per capita family
incomes in our nation to prevent it from
suffering the dire economic consequences
of a long and protracted court action or
the possibility again of our state and its
political subdivisions not having access to
the debt markets or people not being able
to buy and sell real estate?
While I am familiar with the state’
s
case, which does appear to be a strong
one, with a tremendous amount of
historical background and convincing legal
doctrines prepared by our attorney gen
eral’ staff over the last decade with
s
further help from outside counsel, the
facts are: we have yet to win in any
preliminary opinions in the courts. The
costs and uncertainties of a protracted
court trial, to me, are just not worth the
risk. .
The opponents to the settlement argue
that the 9,500 Indian claims pending in
Congress will likely result in congres
sional action abolishing aboriginal rights
of the American natives. This, to me, is a
ridiculous argument and wishful thinking.
Can you imagine the effects on the foreign
policy of our country which has continued
to expound the subject of human rights as
one of our m ost important policies?
Lastly, there is concern regarding the
jurisdictional question of laws on Indian
lands. In this regard, the proposed
settlement worked out by Attorney
General Cohen will give our state much
greater control and jurisdiction than any
other state in the country over our Indian
people.
In order for our state to prosper in the
'80s, it is imperative that we get this land
claims problem solved as soon and as ex
peditiously as possible.
Editor’ note: Mr. Bullock is president
s
of Merrill Trust Co. His comments are
excerpted from a speech last March.
According to Merrill bank officials, their
bank is the only one “ have publicly
to
come out in support of a fair and immedi
ate resolution to the claims.”
Health center staff
suspended six weeks
(Continued from page 1
)
ordered those staff members involved
fired, but Baumann-Nelson overturned
the order.
HAND CARVED INDIAN CRAFTS
Totem poles, Wabanaki war clubs,
canes, miniature totem poles, carved
letter openers with Indian heads. Also
some jewelry.
For more information call Claude
Dennis at 1-207-827-7674 or write to
Stan Neptune, 111 Oak Hill, Indian
Island, Old Town, Maine 04468.
The conflict over who has final author
ity at the health center has yet to be
resolved. Pehrson reportedly maintains
that he is Baumann-Nelson’ superior, and
s
she is his employee. Dr. Baumann-Nelson
also declined public comment.
One source close to the clinic's director
said “ s politics.”
it’
Another source commented, “ can't
I
believe they did this. It was not done
accorind to the policy and procedure”of
the health and social services department,
which is funded through federal Indian
Health Service.
Many observers w ere surprised that
Gray, Kreider and Davis w ere placed on
probation. Various undisclosed complaints
w ere lodged, but health center sources
scoffed at the nature of the complaints.
Krieder acknowledged that he spoke out
critically at a meeting. “
The real thrust of
it (the council action) was at Eunice and
Denise,”
one source confirmed.
Those suspended and those put on
probation learned of their status first
through the “
grapevine,”and only later
received notification by letter, one source
said.
Morale was low this month at the health
center.
In other clinic business, supervisor of
contract care Alan Sanborn, a Penobscot,
has been promoted to deputy director of
Penobscot Health and Social Services,
replacing Paul W. Buckwalter who re
signed earlier this year.
Bruce Francis, left, head of Passamaquoddy Forestry Department, battles a brush fire
with forester Russell Roy, at Indian Township. The blaze was quickly extinguished. The
tribal fire engine was unable to assist due to mechanical problems.
Governor responds
to his critics
(Continued from page 1)
he said he is “
still planning on doing it:
tion work force. Housing critics have hopefully in the near future.”He said ihe
charged that the tribe should not have major holdup in establishing the office is a
agreed to bear the cost of any overruns lack of space in the community building.
when the housing contract was made with Eugene Francis is being considered to run
Department of Housing and Urban D e the office, Newell said, “ he wants to and
if
feels he can do it
velopment (HUD).
Answering another complaint, Newell
According to Newell, “
The only way we
could get the force account project, was to denied that he or council circumvents the
agree to accept any deficits.”Under the personnel department in hiring and firing
force account the tribe served as contrac employees. "Short-cut hiring only occurs
tor and was primarily responsible for for CETA (Comprehensive Employment
building the houses. As such, it was able and Training Act) projects, when we need
to hire reservation labor, and increased to fill a slot to avoid losing
He
employment to around 75 percent. “
With denied rumors that it is common practice
out federal programs, how would that for monies to be shifted from a healthy
program to foundering ones to keep them
(reservation employment) be,” asked.
he
All
Newell blamed bureaucratic red tape going. “ of our programs have audits,"
and former project director, Robert he said.
Critics have accused Newell of fre
Bundy, for the overruns and consequent
indebtedness. According to Newell, the quently being absent from his job and not
tribe foresaw a debt of $600,000 and asked being there to deal with questions and
HUD for extra mone/; however, HUD problems tribal members have. While notprojected a deficit of only $200,000 with denying his absences, Newell said the
At
the result that the tribe went into debt pressure of his office necessitated it. “
the beginning of the job (as governor) I
and failed to complete the project.
worked so hard that I got emotionally and
“
We have failed in building 40 homes,
but we have built 30. and we’ negotiated physically sick," he said, "I finally had to
ve
completing the remaining 10 homes,” take a week off. When I came back, there
w ere so many people in my office with so
Newell said.
Newell maintained that the failures many problems, I had to leave again. I
have been a necessary part of the develop have worked hard all my life for the tribe.
Newell said in the last week he has been
ment of talent on the reservation and pre
dicted that things would improve. “
The working both night and day. Because ot
failures are due to inexperience. W e are recent firings and resignations on the
getting more Indian people graduating police force, he said he has had to patrol
the reservation at night. “ lonely work,
It's
each year,” said.
he
Another area of complaint surrounds and that's the way I feel — alone. Alone. 1
tribal competition with private businesses am virtually useless. My critics are
on the reservation. Most vocal has been welcome to come help.”
reservation resident Ralph Dana, who
alleges that his trucking business has
underbid the tribally run Tribal Trucking.
Inc. on several occasions, yet not received
tribal contracts. Newell commented, “
It
may be true what Ralph said, but
payments on the trucks still had to be
made.”He added that, during the first
phase of force account housing, the tribe
incurred overruns of $100,000 and that
money earned by Tribal Trucking, Inc.
was used to pay back a loan to cover the
debt.
Alleged failure of governor and council
to keep the tribe informed of financial
matters has also been charged. Newell
said that “
after listening to some people, I
decided to set up a department with a
person to explain finances to anyone
interested." Although several months
Pleasant Point Governor Robert Newell
have elapsed since he first suggested this.
�Page 6
Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Maliseets march against
A young Indian woman makes poster for U.S.-Canadian border protest last month. Her
sign reads: “ import boat people and export aborigines!”
You
a
Demonstrators approaching the Canadian customs building at Andover, New Bruns
wick — opposite Fort Fairfield, Maine.
Poetry
Power
Three nations of power
USSR, US and China
all looking for a "shina”
Nostrodomus predicted an answer
in this answer a teaching
the answer land, everything and people
Gluskabe brought to the first people
land trust knowing
the day has past
the net I have cast
if you use power wrong
the unknown will get stronger
Born with altruism
the strength of teaching
Gluskabe reaching
no “
prob,”
just a job
with the strength we get
put it to use on the past
William W. McDougall
Yellowquill case
upheld Jay Treaty
Two years ago a significant U.S.
court ruling on an appeal by an Indian
woman supported the 1794 Jay Treaty
that protects Indians from deportation,
among other things.
The case of Jolene Yellowquill in
volved a charge of possession of heroin,
in Texas. The courts tried to deport
Yellowquill to Canada, where she was
born, but an appeal through lawyer
Lawrence Aschenbrenner brought a
ruling that she was “
not subject to
deportation on any ground.”Deporta
tion proceedings against Yellowquill,
started Nov. 4,1977, were terminated.
CALLING MALISEETS
EVERYWHERE
URGENT CALL
W e must unite
Let’stand up and be counted
s
For membership information contact:
M ALISEET NATION, INC.
P.O. BOX 154
MADAWASKA, MAINE 04756
by Steve Cartwright
“
The United States has taken a dif
TOBIQUE RESERVE, New Brunswick ferent view of Jay Treaty rights. General
— “
Immigration, Immigration won’ you ly, American officials have tended to
t
leave us alone? Take your customs to your wards an acknowledgement of the Jay
white man, we’ got customs o f our Treaty rights of North American Indians.”
ve
Larry is currently jailed at the border
own.”
So sang several young Maliseet Indians crossing where the jail happens to be
at a Maine-Canadian border demonstra located. After a day of picketing U.S. and
Canadian customs buildings, marchers
tion last month. Maliseets along with
Micmac, Passamaquoddy and Penobscot sang an American Indian Movement
sympathizers w ere protesting the at (AIM) song in front of the jail; inmates
tempted deportation of Raymond Socka- cheered; the protestors w ere told to
basin of Tobique, and other alleged vio disperse.
“
What ignited this protest was the
lations of the 1794 Jay Treaty, which said
Indians could “
freely pass and repass”
the (threatened) deportation of two sons of
border.
Indian parents who are recognized band
If there is no border for Indians, then members of the Tobique Indian Reserve,”
Protestors firmly
how can an Indian be deported? That’the explained Nicholas. “
s
argument advanced by 75-80 Maliseets led believe that deportation was not warrant
by Wayne Nicholas of Tobique. However, ed as the charges laid under the criminal
as Nicholas readily admits, it’ not as code of Canada w ere of a minor nature.
s
Under no circumstances will the pro
simple as that.
Brothers Raymond and Larry Socka- testors protect or demonstrate on behalf
basin are the cause of the border demon of criminals with serious offenses.
“
Therefore, the main issues of the
stration near Fort Fairfield, Maine, and
subsequent protest marches at Houlton national protest are, the imposed immi
and Calais border crossings. They were gration laws disturbing the aboriginal
born at Indian Township Passamaquoddy rights of all North American Indians,"
reservation. Raymond is wanted in Can Nicholas said.
In an interview at his father’ house,
s
ada on charges of assault on a police
officer, and possession of liquor; for this, where he is staying, Raymond Sockabasin
Canadian authorities want to deport him, said, “
Everyone tells us that we’ Indians
re
along with Larry, charged with destruc and they can’ deport us. I was charged
t
tion of property.
with assault on a police officer. It was only
s
The Sockabasins would apparently be for 20 pints of beer. It’ about time
t
luckier in the States. The U.S. has ratified somebody spoke up. This ain’ju st for me
s
the Jay Treaty, but as historian James and my brother. It’ for all the Indians of
Wherry of Houlton pointed out in an the U.S. and Canada," Sockabasin said.
Sockabasin had already served a jail
article in the January 1980 Wabanaki
sentence and been fined $100, prior to the
Alliance:
“
The Canadian government’ response deportation order. “ lot of people feel
s
A
to the question of Jay Treaty rights is there’ harassment from the RCMP
s
simple. The Supreme Court of Canada (Royal Canadian Mounted Police) on the
ruled in 1956 that Article HI of the Jay reserve .. . the RCMP said I was the only
Treaty and Article IX of the Treaty of one they knew in the crowd," Sockabasin
Ghent (which would have reinstated the said, adding that the policeman “
said he
Jay Treaty after the War of 1812) are not had to use physical force, but I was only
applicable in Canada, since Canadian L eg trying to defend myself ... up here at the
islation has not been passed to implement gas station, I was pulled out of the car
’
he
or sanction the provisions of the Treaty. (Nov. 23,1979),’ said.
Sockabasin said the RCMP constantly
This view of Canadian law makes Indians
subject to the provisions of the Im m igra reminds him of when a policeman was hit
tion Act and Regulations in the same with a rock a few years ago. Ironically, the
s
manner as all other persons wishing to officer is Sockabasin’brother-in-law.
(Continued on next page)
enter Canada.
A father muses on
his sons' predicament
TOBIQUE RESERVE, New Brunswick
— How do you feel if your two sons are
facing deportation to another country?
That’ what Wabanaki Alliance asked
s
Raymond Nicholas, father of Larry and
Raymond Sockabasin, who face deporta
tion to the U.S., where they were born at
Indian Township.
Nicholas, father of ten, said bluntly, “
I
can’understand it. They want to deport
t
him on parole, but they won’ give him
t
bail.” was referring to Larry, who has
He
the nickname “
Muscles,” and who is
currently held in jail, (Larry was advised
by his lawyer to refuse parole if deporta
tion was a condition of it.)
Nicholas said he told the court he would
offer collateral in woods equipment worth
$30,000, but to no avail. “ said if it’ bail
I
s
I’ see what I can do. The judge wouldn’
ll
t
listen to me. It’ a funny feeling. You go
s
into court and you feel helpless,”Nicholas
said.
He is a proud father. “
The boys never
got no help from the government. They
worked as boys. The boys used to have
ponies and ride them right up the stairs in
the house," chuckled Nicholas, who has
one of the only owner-built homes on the
reserve.
Nicholas was not married to Larry and
Raymond’ mother, but they were always
s
part of his family. “ don’ say they’
I
t
re
angels or anything like that, but they’
re
good kids. They’ got a lot of friends,
ve
they’ good hockey players," he said.
re
“
Them boys never used no weapons or
anything,” Nicholas said, adding that
“
young people like to fight, you know. I
fought all the time when I was in the
army." While living in New York, some
years ago, Larry was “
number one” in
judo, and Raymond took third place in
competitions.
Nicholas said he is one of the only men
on the reserve not on government support
of some kind. A veteran woodsworker, he
operates his own logging operation on
Indian lands. Until now, he has never been
very concerned with outside issues. “
I
never followed up on this treaty stuff
because I’ never been bothered crossing
ve
the border,” said. "It upsets m e when I
he
think o f the injustice. I'd sooner see my
son six months in jail than kneel down to
anyone.”
Nicholas summed up his views by
recalling what he told a judge in court: “
If
a truck turns over with ten cords of wood,
I can straighten out the truck and re-load
it. But when my son gets railroaded,
there’ nothing I can do.”
s
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Page 7
st Jay Treaty violations
(Continued from previous page)
A reporter for CBC asked Sockabasin if
he had been drinking when stopped by
police. Sockabasin hesitated, then said he
had quit a couple of months previous.
Sockabasin was under careful security of
Indian friends, and the interview was
guarded. However, RCMP apparently
agreed not to enter the reserve in search
of Sockabasin.
For a week and one half, Maliseets
supporting the Sockabasin brothers block
aded the road into Tobique Reserve,
allowing Indian persons access. Later last
month, the blockade was lifted, but a
group of Indians continued to camp in a
hastily built lean-to beside their home
made gate.
Nicholas said he favors nonviolence:
“
We want to be very diplomatic about
this." But “
we have several warriors
among us,” warned.
he
According to Nicholas, part of the
problem of Indian rights and the deporta
tion order is Tobique R eserve Chief
George Francis, who is reportedly often
away in Ottawa. “
When he gets a
program, he hires all his relatives, and it’
s
pure hell for non-supporters,”said Nich
olas, who himself worked for awhile with
Indian Affairs in Ottawa, and is a tribal
councilor. The reserve is reportedly
$170,000 in debt, and may not wish to
antagonize the Canadian government,
sources said.
Francis has taken no stand on the
deportation, and neither has the tribal
council. Nicholas, in frustration, said he
has appealed to Lloyd Axworthy, minister
of Immigration, “ investigate and cancel
to
the deportation order.”
A letter to Graydon Nicholas, chairman
of Union of New Brunswick Indians, had
produced no results, Wayne Nicholas said,
despite a request for immediate interven
tion and negotiation with the ministers of
Immigration, Citizenship and Indian Af
fairs (the assistant to the Indian Affairs
minister is himself an Indian).
Eva Saulis, -59, aunt to Larry and
Raymond Sockabasin, said “ re going to
we’
keep fighting. When there’ injustice for
s
any people, men or women, we speak out.
“
They call us radicals . . . small-minded
women. That’ what George (Francis,
s
band chief) called us. You’ not free to
re
speak out," Saulis said. She and her niece
organized an Indian women’ march on
s
Ottawa last summer.
Bernard Sappier, the only tribal council
member to participate in the demonstra
tion, commented, “ e’ like to have more
w d
people involved in this, because it’ very
s
important to us and our children."
Sappier worked 19 years at Indian
Township (Maine), and is married to the
former Edith Sockabasin of that reserva
tion. He said the Tobique Reserve of 750
people (35-50 of whom are “
non-status”
Indians), have serious housing and educa
tional problems. People are depressed.
Tom Paul, a Micmac writer, comments:
“ be a citizen is to be an alien of another
To
country, or to be of European ancestry.
We, the native people are a sovereign
nation; we should not be classified as
citizens, and not as Canadians or Ameri
cans.
Demonstration leader Wayne Nicholas, center, talks with William McDougall, left, from
“ be classified as citizens is to be Indian Island, Wabanaki Alliance editor Steve Cartwright and others, in hastily built
To
subject to the Queen of England, there shelter at Tobique Reserve.
fore: as a citizen, a native person is
vulnerable to the constitution, and there
fore will be subject to deportation and
genocide.
“
The formula to solve this,”
Paul writes
bitterly, “ to obliterate the word ‘
is
citizen’
and change it to ‘
superceding sovereign
nation’
.”
Nicholas and others want the Indian Act
in Canada revised, with Jay Treaty rights
recognized as they are in the U.S., so that
'WHAT N£>0|
“
nothing in the future like this will happen
again." The Indian Act was last amended
in 1952; it^vas revised in 1972; National
ulture
Indian Brotherhood, a Canadian organiza
tion, has been studying border crossing
status since 1973, but has made no major
proposals for change.
OUR C
you Cannot
I D eport the
:
On the picket line, Maliseets walk back and forth over the Maine-Canadian border near
Fort Fairfield.
COMMERCIAL
Tom Paul, Micmac, with wife and son Geronimo.
M icm ac recalls b ein g d e p o rte d
TOBIQUE RESERVE, New Brunswick
— Tom Paul, a Micmac from Eskasoni
Reserve in Cape Breton, brought his
family to a recent protest rally at the
Maine-Canadian border here. He is a
veteran Indian activist.
“ was deported m yself in 1962 from
I
Massachusetts to Canada. I was in trouble
too much with the law,”Paul, 36, remem
bered. “ ve been to Wounded Knee,
I’
South Dakota, and I’ traveled to 47
ve
states. W e go everywhere to support
native rights.”
Paul, who named his son Geronimo after
the 19th century Apache Indian chief,
observed that “
there’been a lot of change
s
since 15-20 years ago. Native people are
standing up for their rights.
“
When the Canadian government de
ports an Indian person back into the U.S.,
it violates a treaty, and affects the whole
Wabanaki Confederacy. W e have our own
laws, our own religion . . . w e’ working
re
on re-forming the Confederacy. W e’
re
getting the constitution back . . . our own
laws.” said.
he
Commenting on the deportation order
for Raymond and Larry Sockabasin, (see
story this issue) Paul said, “ think these
I
young boys — their criminal records
shouldn’ even be mentioned, because
t
they (Canadian government) are violating
their rights."
“ went to residential school ten years
I
(1949-1959). and they told us we were
savages and dirty. We w ere punished if
we spoke our language ... that’why a lot
s
of them lost their language. They were
ashamed of themselves,”
Paul said.
RESIDENTIAL
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BU ILDERS
PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS
CUSTOM BUILT HOMES/RENOVATIONS
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GENERAL CONTRACTING/SUB-CONTRACTING
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947-4163
One Merchants Plaza - Bangor
�Page 8
Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Reservations face
iurisdictional void
(Continued from page 1
)
Passamaquoddies at the Township that
there is no way state jurisdiction could be
applied to Indian territory of a federally
recognized tribe.
The question of jurisdiction at Indian
Township was argued at a recent m eeting
of tribal officials, Rainbolt, Skibine,
Tureen and others in Washington. Skibine
said the Department of the Interior
solicitor’ office ruled that state juris
s
diction cannot be used at Indian Town
ship.
A ruling written by Skibine appeared in
the Federal Register, and said in part:
“
There is an urgent and compelling need
for judicial and law enforcement services
on the Pleasant Point and Indian Town
ship Indian reservations . . . justice is no
longer effectively administered under
state laws and by state law enforcement
authorities on either reservation.
“
The withdrawal of these services has
left a void in the law and order program in
the two areas and could have serious
effect on the safety of their residents,"
Skibine wrote.
Indian Township police officer Darryl
Nicholas — the only officer with a nowrequired federal commission — said “
the
officers, they’ all shook up about it.
re
What’the sense of working?"
s
Skibine said “ tribe can always get
the
out of CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)
court if it wants to.”He also said that as
soon as Pleasant Point’ court is in
s
operation, it could handle Indian Town
ship cases.
Penobscots at Indian Island held their
first session of tribal court Dec. 13, 1979.
Obituaries
Indian boy
drow ns
ORNEVILLE — Three-year-old Willis
Pearl, son of Penobscot Indian, Catherine
Tomer Pearl, and Willis Pearl Sr., lost his
life in the waters of a stream. May 6.
The father has a heart condition and is
disabled, the mother is unemployed.
Donations to help m eet expenses for the
Bradford couple should be addressed to
Central Maine Indian Association, 95 Main
St., Orono, maine 04473. Already, the
Penobscot Nation at Indian Island has
agreed to donate $600.
WILLIS R. PEARL JR.
BRADFORD — Willis R. Pearl Jr., 3,
died unexpectedly at Orneville, May 6,
1980.
He was born at Milo, Dec. 3, 1976, the
son of Willis and Catherine (Tomer) Pearl.
Surviving, besides his parents of Brad
ford, are his paternal grandmother, Julia
Marshall of Bradford: maternal grand
mother, Margaret Neptune of Indian
Island; great-grandparents, Clarence and
Violet Francis of Indian Island; several
aunts and uncles. Funeral services were
held at the Lary Funeral Home in Milo the
Rev. Ann Stead officiating.
Burial will be in Hillside Cemtery,
Bradford.
Neptune, dead at 79,
respected dancer
by Ruby Richter
Area Reporter
PLEASANT POINT — James A. Nep
tune, a Passamaquoddy, died May 2. He
was respected in the tribe for his dancing,
craftsmanship, pride in being Indian, and
patience in teaching children.
He contributed many of his talents to
the Indian community. For many years he
worked in basket making, canoe building,
snowshoe making, moccasin and costume
making complete with intricate bead work
done by himself, in a way which gives
one a feeling of exultant joy, pride and
happiness.
In his younger years he worked in
Kennebunkport and later worked in the
woods, and at Chebeague Island, as care
taker, during the summer.
He helped his father working as a chef
in different summer resorts. He was also a
baseball player during his earlier years.
He had his own unique way of Indian
dancing.
H e hunted seals when there was a
bounty on them many years ago.
He worked on the Quoddy Dam initiat
ed by President Roosevelt.
He taught the young people the Indian
Dance by doing it with them. One had to
have strong muscular coordination to be
able to imitate his way of dancing.
JAMES A. NEPTUNE
PLEASANT POINT — James Augus
tine Neptune, 79, died May 2, 1980, at an
Eastport hospital after a long illness.
He was born at Pleasant Point July 6,
1900. He worked in the woods and was
active in Indian dances held at the reser
vation each year on special occasions. He
is survived by three sons, James Neptune
Jr. of Cambridge, Mass.; Sebattis of Eastport; Roy of Pleasant Point; one daughter,
Gloria Kelley of Portsmouth, Va.; several
grandchildren. A Mass of Christian burial
was celebrated at St. Ann’ Catholic
s
Church, with the Rev. Joseph Mullen,
S.J., officiating. Interment will be in the
Tribal Cemetery, Pleasant Point.
History in the m aking
His reflection visible in the shiny desk top, Gov. Joseph Brennan signs the Maine Indian
land claims act last month, in Augusta, following rapid passage in the House and Senate
by the Legislature. Looking on are legislators and m em bers of the Indian negotiating
team, from left: Allen Sockabasin, tribal Gov. R obert Newell, Joseph Nicholas, House
Speaker John Martin, Andrew Akins, Atty.-Gen. Richard Cohen, G eorge Stevens
[behind Cohen], Rep. Gerard Conley, Senate President Joseph Sewall, Sen. Samuel
Collins, Guy Phillips, Clayton Cleaves, tribal Gov. Harold Lewey, Carl Nicholas.
Tribal gro u p b ack s land claim s
BANGOR — A unanimous resolution
was passed this month supporting nego
tiated settlement of the Penobscot-Passamaquoddy land claims, at. a three-day
convention of United South and East
Tribes (USET).
The proposed 300,000 acre settlement
— with an $81.5 million price tag — has
been approved by the Maine Legislature
and is currently pending before Congress.
The appointment of Maine’ senior
s
Senator, Edmund S. Muskie, to the office
of Secretary of State, may or may not
affect the Congressional delegation’ ad
s
vocacy of the claims package. Muskie’
s
replacem en t, fed era l J u d g e G e org e
Mitchell of Bangor, was not seen by tribal
leaders as causing any major shift.
Mitchell as senator is expected to support
the negotiated settlement.
Meanwhile, state Sen. Andrew Red
mond of Madison is circulating a petition
opposing the claims settlement. The tribes
originally sought 12.5 million acres
through tribal lawyer Thomas Tureen.
In other U SET action, the Pleasant
Point Passamaquoddy Tribe was formally
admitted as members of the group. Indian
CATHERINE [SOCOBY] LORING
BANGOR — Katherine Socoby, a
Passamaquoddy, died here May 15,
following a lengthy illness.
A native of Pleasant Point, she leaves
tw o sons, Lester Purdy of Indian Town
ship, and George Purdy of Lemont, Il
linois; and a brother, Russell Socoby of
PLEASANT POINT — Molly Newell
Houlton.
and Cather Lewey w ere among twentyDetails will appear in next month’
s
three graduating seniors of Shead Mem
Wabanaki Alliance.
orial High School taking part in a tour of
historic attractions in Washington, D.C.,
Tonto, d e a d at 62
Philadelphia, and New York.
Jay Silverheels, 62, who co-starred in
U.S. history was the theme of the trip,
the long-running “
Lone Ranger”
television which featured visits to the Washington
series as the faithful Indian sidekick Monument, Lincoln and Jefferson Mem
Tonto, died March 5 of complications from orials in D.C., Independence Hall and the
pneumonia.
Liberty Bell in Philadelphia, and the
He was 62 years old. A Mohawk Indian, Statue of Liberty in New York.
born on the Six Nations Indian R eser
vation in Canada, he got his first good
INDIAN JEWELRY
movie role in 1947, appearing with Tyrone
Indian-handmade quality wedding (or
Pow er in “
Captain from Castile.”in the
friendship) bands. These are Zuni1950’ he starred as the Indian chief
s
made, with cut stones, fine quality, and
Geronimo in “
Broken Arrow,”“
Battle at
sterling silver. Describe your needs
Apache Pass” and “
Walk the Proud
and exact size (estimate x size above
k
Land.”
your regular size) and I will do my best
In the 1960’ Silverheels founded the
s
to locate. Average cost will be $30 each
Indian Actors Workshop in Hollywood to
plus postage; none higher than $40. I
help ge t Indian actors roles. “ created
He
will send cost statement for your
the atmosphere for us to get into the
approval before shipping C.O.D. I wifi
industry,”an actress, Lois Red Elk, said.
also fill orders for other handmade
“
Before that, Indian people had to play
Indian jew elry items if you describe
props, extras, background. There just
what you want.
weren’ any Indian people with speaking
t
Sue Stevens
parts.”Silverheels was a Golden Gloves
3812 Monroe N.E.
boxer, amateur wrestling champion and a
Albuquerque, N.M. 87110
professional lacrosse player in his youth.
Two Pleasant Point
seniors visit Capital
Township Passamaquoddies, and Indian
Island Penobscots, w ere already mem
bers.
It was the first U SET meeting ever in
the northeast. The Penobscot Nation was
host.
W A N TE D
Handmade miniatures suitable for fur
nishings in or around miniature houses
built to a scale of 1” = 1 foot.
Especially (but not exclusively) in
terested in baskets of all types, cradles,
birchbark items, or other things not
found in the ordinary toy shop. These
have to be well made, and to scale.
Prefer natural colors. Send a sketch,
photo or description, or better yet a
sample, and your asking price per item.
Business will be conducted on a C.O.D.
basis.
Sue Stevens
3812 Moiiroe N.E.
Albuquerque, N.M. 87110
CAN’ FIND A JOB?
T
TRY THE
Job Corps
Would you like to be trained as a ...
Bookkeeper
Secretary/Stenographer
Clerk Typist
Nursing Assistant
If you are 16 to 21 and not in school,
the Penobscot Job Corps Center has
training programs which may be of
interest to you.
The Penobscot Job Corps Center
provides all trainees with a place to
live, meals, health care and a cash
monthly stipend while you learn. And
when you finish, we'll also help you
find a job.
SOUND GOOD?
IT JS GOOD.
ASK FOR JOB CORPS
—in the Portland area—775-7225
—in the Auburn area—786-4190
—in the Bangor area—947-0755
—or toll free anywhere in Maine
at 1-800-432-7307
ASK FOR
JOB CORPS RECRUITMENT
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Page 9
A source of energy received daily
By Dr. Normand Laberge
PLEASANT POINT — Just as a
thermal electric plant relies on coal or oil
for a fuel source, a tidal project similarly
depends on the naturally occurring tides
for its source of potential energy.
However, a tidal project does not have
to purchase its fuel (tidal waters), where
as a thermal plant’ cost of operation is
s
substantially comprised of fuel expendi
tures. This basic difference between a
renewable energy resource and a limitedsupply resource has far-ranging impacts
on project economics when analyzed over
their respective lifetimes. This topic will
be discussed for the Half-Moon Cove tidal
project in terms of inflation, with regards
to the rapidly rising cost of conventional
fuels, and in terms of the resultant effects
on the cost of electricity.
In order to present a meaningful
comparison with a tidal power project, an
oil-fired plant has been selected on the
basis of having similar production charac
teristics. Today, a new oil-fired plant
would generate electricity for approxi
mately 4.70c per kilowatt-hour (kwh)
which is less than the 5.69c/kwh cost for a
tidal project. Half the production cost for
the oil plant is attributed to the fuel
expense with the remaining amount set
aside for operation and maintenance
(7.9%) and financing charges (42.1%). In
comparison, the tidal project requires
6.9% of its production cost for operation
and maintenance and 93.1% or 5.30c/kwh
for the payment of revenue bond-holders.
A tidal project is termed “
capital-inten
sive,”
since its production cost is primarily
constituted by actual construction ex
penses as indicated by the annual fin
ancing charges.
If the oil-fired plant produces power at a
lower rate, why should a tidal project be
constructed at a higher cost? The tidal
project would not be constructed if the
sole criteria is the production of the
cheapest pow er available at the present
time. But other considerations also have to
be factored into the decision making
process in order to best optimize the
future energy mix. Some of the major
factors that positively favor tidal power
plants are briefly described below:
— the conservation of limited-supply re
sources for priority utilization
—the construction of the least environ
mentally and socially damaging power
plant
—the development of renewable energy
resources on a regional basis
—the availability of long-term economic
returns in the event that inflation con
tinues at its present, or even moderate
level.
For these and other reasons, it is felt
that a tidal project has its place in the
regional energy network as both a hedge
against inflation and to provide electrical
self-sufficiency.
The two hypothetical plants previously
mentioned will be used to explain the
impacts of inflation on the resultant cost of
electricity. It should be remembered that
a project’ financing charge will remain
s
constant throughout the debt period
regardless of any changing economic con
ditions; however, both the cost of opera
tion and maintenance and the fuel cost will
be directly affected by the inflation rate.
For the case of oil-fired plants, the fuel
cost might increase at a rate faster than
inflation due to geo-political factors and to
the combined effects of increasing demand
and decreasing supply. Assuming that
inflation will increase at 6% per year for
each year after 1980, it can be shown that
the production cost from the tidal project
would be less that of oil-fired electricity
(5.89c/kwh versus 6.07c/kwh) after only
seven year of operation. If we continue
this exercise for thirty years, the tidal
project’ production cost would be less
s
than one-half the cost of oil-fired elec
tricity. The reason for this behavior is due
to the initial economic structure of a tidal
The instructor was Dick Parker. Sonja
Dorn of Indian Township took R oger
Sockabasin, Dino LaCoote, William Lola
and Allen Dorn Jr. to Calais to take this
course. There were 26 children from
Calais, Princeton, and Woodland who
participated in the course.
The expected physical lifetime of a tidal
project can be safely estimated at 50 years
and optimistically planned for up to 100
years. By comparison, a regularly used
oil-fired plant is expected to function from
35 to 40 years. This difference in operating
time also serves to enhance the long-term
benefits of a tidal project since two oilfired plants would be required to replace
one tidal power project. The second oilfired plant would cost much more than the
original plant due to the impact of inflation
on the construction cost. This comparison
is also valid for nuclear and coal pow er
plants but to a lesser degree since a tidal
project has a lower plant factor; i.e., in
operation for a shorter period of time.
The assumptions that have been used in
this analysis are particularly relevant
today in light of: (1) the on-going debate
over the desirability of nuclear power; (2)
uncertain fossil fuel supplies; (3) the
impact of inflation reflected by the fuel
adjustment charge on your electrical bill
as well as a decrease in the amount of dis
posable income; and (4) the recent
emphasis on the development of re
newable energy resources. The proposed
Half-Moon Cove project, due to its size,
will not have a significant impact on the
electrical mix for the State of Maine, but
since the plant would serve a largely rural
area, it would supply pow er from a decen
tralized and regional source. It should also
be noted that ancillary, or indirect bene
fits have been excluded from this quanti
tative economic analysis. Based solely on
the power production potential, the pro
The children were taught the rules and
regulations for hunting, how to use a
compass, the proper handling of a firearm
and a mini course on boat safety. The local
game wardens also helped in this course.
The students w ere taken to the Na
tional Guard Armory for target practice
and they also had to take a written test.
This is a six week, 12 hour course that
presently is given once a year.
The students received certificates and
patches for completing the Maine Hunter
Safety and Conservation Program.
tii
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INDIAN ISLAND
S e v e n tribes sue p ipelin e
Seven Indian tribes have filed suit in
Federal court in Seattle in an attempt to
block construction of the Northern Tier
Pipeline.
The tribes claim the construction of the
pipeline would “
pose an imminent threat
of serious and irreparable harm." They
charged that Federal officials who ap
proved the pipeline failed to assess and
disclose serious impacts on their com
munities. “
This failure to assess and dis
close is exacerbated by a failure to involve
tribal governments in the review and
decision making process,” they listed
dangers to salmon, steelhead and other
treaty fishing resources. The pipeline
would run under Puget Sound and cross
several streams in the Indians’
area.
The seven tribes are the Skokomish,
Tulalip, Stillaguamish, Upper Skagit,
Swinomish and the Port Gamble and
Lower Elwha Bands of the Klallam
Indians.
Tires
Owned Homes For Sale |
in Washington County |
Equal Housing
OPPORTUNITY
Loving care for your car
Tune-ups
ject’economics are competitive with con
s
ventional sources when averaged over a
ten year period. In the same way, it has
also been shown that economic prospects
for tidal power development increase
quite dramatically when taken over a
thirty year period.
When the Half-Moon Cove tidal project
is constructed it would re-establish a mile
stone in Washington County’ role as an
s
energy producer. Several hydroelectric
stations previously serviced the area until
the mid-l960’ when the last plant was
s,
decommissioned. Today, the residential
users of electricity in Washington County
have only two diesel plants producing
pow er in the region.
EDITOR’ NOTE: Dr. Laberge is co
S
ordinating a planned tidal power demon
stration project on Half-Moon Cove, at the
Passamaquoddy reservation.
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
Five take gun safety course
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Five Passamaquoddies completed the Gun Safety
Course at the WCVTI (Washington
County Vocational Technical Institute) in
Calais.
project’ capital investment which is
s
93.1% inflation proof as opposed to a
42.1% rate for the oil-fired plant. There
fore, even with a moderate inflation rate
with respect to today’ standards, a tidal
s
project will provide cheaper electricity in
the near term and also serve to level the
cost of the electrical mix.
Rt. 1, Houlton Road, Woodland
3 bedroom, garage — $28,000.00 — $500.00
D.P.
Main Street, Princeton
4 bedroom, garage, $29,500.00 — $500.00
D.P.
No. Lubec Road, Lubec
3 bedroom, garage — $31,500.00 — $500.00
D.P.
9 Academy Street, Calais
4 bedroom, ready to move into — $29,000.00
— $500.00 D.P.
All VA financed
13'/2 % interest rate
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION
TOGUS, MAINE 04330
Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433
�Page 10
VVabanaki Alliance May 1980
Track team holds first race
by Kathy Tomah
Area Reporter
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — The Rev.
Joseph Laughlin helped George Sabattus
initiate a cross-country track race re
cently.
Sabattus, 20, is trying to organize a
track team. The race took place at Peter
Dana Point so the community would see
the runners in hopes that they would
encourage them and also support this
sport. There were sixteen contestants:
Lewey Dana, Danny Lola, Dale Dana,
J.D. Newell, Wade Lola, Billy Nocholas,
John Mitchell, Clay Levesque, Richard
Stevens, John Socobasin, Carl Sabattus,
Joseph Socobasin, Dickie Sabattus, Greg
ory Mitchell, R oger Sockabasin, Carl
Nicholas.
Richard Stevens was the first runner to
complete the race and won first place in
the seventeen year old and up group.
Lewey Dana came in first in the 15-16 age
group; Clay Levesque in the 13-14 year old
age group and Billy Nicholas in the 10-12
age group.
St. Ann’ Church is sponsoring the
s
track team and Father Joe hopes that the
community will help out.
Richard Stevens of Indian Township wins a race held in conjunction with organizing of a
new track team at the Passamaquoddy reservation. Stevens won the age 17 and up
category. [Kathy Tomah Photo]
Governors show interest in paper
RUNNERS ALL - Front row, left to right, Billy Nicholas [10-12], Clay Levesque
[13-14], Lewey Dana [15-16], Richard Stevens [17 and up]. Back row, Danny Lola, Dale
Dana, Joseph Socobasin, Roger Sockabasin, Dickie Sabattus, Wade Lola and Gregory
Lola. [Kathy Tomah Photo]
Township Notes
by Kathy Tomah
This program is being administered and
Area Reporter
sponsored by the Indian Township Health
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Sonja Dorn, a Service Program.
R egistered Nurse from Indian Township,
The Community Health Service of Indian
took a one week orientation course in Bar Township now issues a monthly newsletter.
Harbor on Diabetes from May 12 to May 16. Anyone interested in receiving the newsThe Indian Township Health Service will be letter should contact:
N EW SLETTER
running a special diabetic screening pro
Community Health Service
gram in the near future.
Box 301
Congratulations to Doris Chapman and
Princeton, Maine 04668
Mathew Dana for completing an 80 hour
E.M.T. course and also passing their state
exam. They are now fully qualified as
SPECIAL O N WOODSTOVES!
Emergency Medical Technicians.
The new physician’ assistant has been
s
KING W OODSTOVES
hired for the Indian Township Clinic.
Complete with automatic heaters
William Mathews, who is from Florida, will
Reg. $448.95 — Now $399.95
be working with the on-sight contract
medical physician and our RN, Sonja Dorn.
Laura Nicholas has been hired as the
WIC Director. This is a nutrition program
for infants, children and pregnant mothers.
The WIC program at Indian Township has
just undergone a management evaluation
from the WIC regional office in Massa
chusetts, and preliminary indications are
that the program is in excellent shape.
The C.F.N.P. (Community Food & Nutrilion Program), is off to a successful spring
gardening program.
One of the program goals is to encourage
residents of Indian Township to start home
gardening. Many people have taken advant
age of the various garden equipment which
is loaned to them by the C.F.N.P. program
along with the allocation of various seeds to
give everyone as much encouragement in
home growing of vegetables as possible.
Later in the gardening cycle, canning and
food preservation workshops will be offered
by the C.F.N.P. along with heavy emphasis
on community nutrition education.
ORONO — A resolution to assist in
seeking funds for Wabanaki Alliance
newspaper was unanimously approved by
Tribal Governors Inc. (TGI), at a meeting
here this month.
The newspaper’ search for funds to
s
continue publication beyond expiration of
a grant this fall was explained to TGI
mem bers by editor Steve Cartwright. He
said an annual budget of $40,000 is pro
jected.
In other business, TGI accepted the
resignation of bookkeeper Ann (Irene)
Pardilla, a Penobscot from Indian Island.
Contractual use of $285,315 from the
state Department of Indian Affairs budget
was discussed, as was a Community
Services Administration program called
ECAP, and $2,000 that must be raised for
insurance on Maine Indian Transportation
Association (MITA) buses.
Attending the m eeting w ere TGI direc
tor Allen J. Sockabasin, Pleasant Point Lt.
Gov. Cliv Dore, Central Maine Indian
Association (CMIA) President Tom Vicaire, Indian Township Gov. Harold J.
Lewey, Association of Aroostook Indians
(AAI) President Clair (Al) Sabattis, AAI
Director Terry Polchies, and Indian
Township Housing Authority Chairman
R oger Gabriel.
CMIA to conduct off-reservation survey
If you have any questions
about the needs assessment or how the
information from it will be used, please
call the C.M.I.A. office 866-5587 or 7751872. The following people will be working
on the needs assessment so if they com e to
your door you will know who they are:
Irene Augustine, Marta Conlin, Carol
Farrenkopf, Angie Mitchell, Freeman
Morey, Betty Robinson, Sally Sturtevant,
Tom Thurlow.
All information will be kept completely
CMIA needs the cooperation of every confidential — names will be removed
person and every family in the area.
from the forms.
ORONO — Beginning in May, Central
Maine Indian Association will b e conduct
ing a Needs Assessm ent for any and all
off-reservation Indians in the southern 15
counties. The outreach workers will
attempt to reach every off-reservation
Indian (person) in the fifteen Counties —
the reason: to find out what people need
or would like in the way of services, what
problems people are having and what they
have to share with other Indian people.
HARDWARE
& GUN SHOP
TOM VICAIRE, Proprietor
The only Indian-owned hardware
business in the State of Maine
‘ re eager to do business with people
‘
We’
in the Indian community,”says Tom.
The store carries a full line o f tools,
electrical and plumbing supplies, paint
and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine
new and used guns.
See Our Garden Supplies and Tools
For all your hardware and
hunting needs, visit —
MATT AW AMKE AG HARDWARE &
GUN SHOP
and sample some good Indian hospitality
and-service.
Penobscot Valley Champs
The Old Town Indian Mites strike a pose with coaches Pat Soucy (left] and Joe Clavette.
Players are [front row left to right] Todd Clavette, Jason Richards, Shawn Sapiel, Miles
Francis, Mike Thibodeau, Joey Stetson and Todd Brown, [hack row] Nat Lord, Gene
Fadrigon, Chris Francis, Shannon Sapiel, Greta N eptune, Nick Sapiel, and Jeff Street.
Not pictured are Pan! Dow, Jason Pardilla and Kevin Chessa.
�Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
A
AITA director quits post
0R0N 0 — Saying she “
had no choice,”
Lorraine Nelson of Indian Island has
resigned as director of MITA, Maine
Indian Transportation Association. There
was no money to run buses, and no money
to pay her salary, she said.
Nelson had taken over MITA last year
from a former director, who was fired for
alleged mismanagement. As of press time,
buses were apparently still running.
MITA was set up in 1976 to serve
Aroostook County, Indian Township and
Pleasant Point reservations, Indian Island
reservation, and: Central Maine Indian
Association of Orono.
MITA has remained in financial diffi
culties since early this year, and a Federal
Highway Administration official said it is
up to Tribal Governors Inc., the agency in
charge of MITA, to sort things out.
Ray Pomeroy, the federal official, said
he is willing to m eet and work with Tribal
Governors (TGI), but that several at
tempts to set up m eetings failed. He said
several letters to TGI Chairman Robert
Newell, Pleasant Point governor, have
gone unanswered.
Commenting on Nelson’ resignation,
s
Pomeroy said “ don’ blame her for
I
t
quitting.”
TGI has not com pleted its work,
Pomeroy said, and no additional funds will
be forthcoming until two transportation
grant studies have been completed.
Pomeroy said it is within TGI’power to
s
complete the paperwork. In fact, he said
Nelson sent him a well-written pre
liminary draft. Pomeroy said MITA
accounts have not yet been clo sed .
Apparently, at least one area, Indian
Island, is considering operating their own
buses without the MITA umbrella. “ s up
It’
to them to make a decision. It’ their
s
service, and their buses, and their trans
portation,”
Pomeroy said.
Benete case moves to federal court
BANGOR — T
h« Ciise .» a man who
f
claims to be Micmac, wanted as a fugitive
from justice in California, has been trans
ferred to Federal District Court here, at
request of counsel.
Michaelangelo Giovanni Benete, alias
Michael Bennett, fled California where he
has been convicted of murder. He stayed
for awhile at Indian Island, where he
claimed he had the governor’ permission
s
to camp out, and where he also claimed he
was to be employed by a Penobscot man.
Lawyer Julio DeSanctis of Bangor
argued in a hearing at Maine Superior
Court that Bennett is not subject to state
jurisdiction since he was apprehended on
Indian Island, “
Indian territory" that is
subject to Indian and federal authority.
DeSanctis referred to the landmark Sockabasin-Dana case last summer, in which
tw o Passamaquoddy Indians convicted of
arson w ere found to com e under federal,
Penobscot nurse ends 45-year career
INDIAN ISLAND - After nearly half a
century in the nursing profession, Ruth
Norma Attean Davis, tribal nurse, is
retiring.
Her otherwise unblemished career is
clouded at the end by being placed on
probation, along with other health center
employees, by Gov. Wilfred Pehrson, who
alleges insubordination. Many believe the
Governor was out of line in putting the
tribal nurse on notice. Ruth Davis did not
single out Pehrson’ action as a reason for
s
her resignation.
She retires May 16, as the nurse who
has treated scores of Indian Island resi
dents. She joined the fledgling Penobscot
Department of Health and Social Services
in October 1976, and has had a major hand
in the planning of the current modern
clinic and its varied programs.
With her characteristic good humor,
Davis said she “
retired to come home, but
then I got involved.”She returned to the
Penobscot reservation in 1975, after living
in southern Maine and Massachusetts. She
worked briefly for Wabanaki Corporation
alcoholism agency.
“ m very pleased about the improve
I’
ments and that they have the health
center. It’ something they’ needed for
s
ve
a long time. When I first graduated (at
Mercy Hospital in Portland) I wanted to
come back and do it all,”Davis said. She
came home for one year, but times were
hard at Indian Island, and she left for
work off-reservation.
“ m 66 and I think it’ about time to
I’
s
slow down,” said Davis, who has been
married 43 years to retired machinist and
toolmaker Forrest Davis. But, she said,
eyes twinkling, “
there’ a lot of people
s
around here that still know my telephone
number.”
WABANAKI CORPORATION
ALCOHOLISM COUNSELORS
AND THEIR LOCATIONS:
Old Town
866-5577
Rosalie Clark
Clarence Francis
866-55,77
Pleasant Point
Grace Roderick
853-2537
Ralph Dana
853-2537
Northern Maine
Alfred Dana
866-5577
Caribou Area
532-7317
Pious Perley
532-7317
Harriet Perley
Portland Area
George Paul
499-7589
Indian T ownship
Bernard Stevens
796-2301
James Mitchell
796-230’
Gazing through the window of the
examining room where she has gently
reassured frightened children, Davis re
m embered that her family owned a farm
on the present site of the tribal com
munity building. She and her brothers
sold the land to the tribe, long after the
house burned, and prize oxen w ere lost in
the fire. Her father was Mitchell (Old
Mitch) Attean; her mother, the former
Mary Louise Ranco, was raised on Olamon
Island and made baskets. Her grand
mother was Domekin Polis.
Resignation letter
from Ruth Davis
I hereby submit my resignation as
Tribal Nurse and Medical Administra
tor to be effective. May 16,1980.
I do not feel that I warrant probation
without a justifiable reason, which I
have not received. I refuse to accept
this action by my submitting of this
resignation.
I sincerely appreciate the honor of
serving m y people with my knowledge
and expertise but the unfair politics
associated with this position leaves me
with little respect for my “ called”
so
judges.
I feel I have fulfilled the responsi
bilities of m y position to the best of my
knowledge and capabilities, and I ac
knowledge the fact that I may have
made mistakes, a trait peculiar to
humans ... my sincere apologies.
F or forty-five years I worked among
the white culture with responsible
positions, and I never was submitted to
the degrading actions that I am
receiving from my own people, those
known as our governing body.
It is plain to understand why our
educated young people prefer to take
their expertise to other fields.
My only regret is that I m ust end, in
my retirement, a career, of which I am
very proud, by your expecting my sub
mission to your conditions.
k
INDIAN CRAFT V
s u p p l ie s
c d e e 148 Page
rHtfc Catalog
gigS"3
r
.
_,
For free catalog,
»nte Dept
The world's largest
Indian Crafts Catalog.
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to choose tram I
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Indian Craft Manufacturing Co. ^
150-02 Beaver Rd,Jamaica, N.Y. 212 5 2 6 - 3 6 6 0 ^
Page 1
1
Ruth Davis, R.N.
Ruth Davis was the 11th of 12 children*
of whom five survive. A brother, Joseph
S. Attean of Piscataway, N.J., will cele
brate his 84th birthday June 15. A son,
John, serves on Indian Island’ police
s
force, and a daughter, Ruth Johnson, lives
in Uniontown, Alabama. There are seven
grandchildren.
Davis’ father was a “
river man,”
working the annual spring log drives. “
My
folks spoke Indian all the time. I can
understand it, but I can’ speak it,”Davis
t
said.
She remembers walking up the hill to
high school in Old Town, after crossing the
river — by boat in warm weather, on the
sawdust-ice bridge in winter. Davis said
she has always been able to deal with nonIndians: “ don’ carry that chip on my
I
t
shoulder."
“
Our mother always said, who cares if
they call you an Indian. You ARE an
Indian."
not state jurisdiction, because the crime
was committed on a reservation.
No date has been set for the Bennett
case in federal court. Bangor's federal
judge, George Mitchell, was recently ap
pointed U.S. Senator, replacing Sen.
Edmund S. Muskie who has been named
U.S. Secretary of State.
SPECIAL WINTER ASSISTANCE
PROGRAM
FOR SEASONAL WORKERS
A T TE N T IO N
You or someone you know may be
eligible for a new winter assistance
program for seasonal and migrant
workers.
This program is basically for in
dividuals and families who have not
received the regular fuel assistance
that the state of Maine has offered this
winter.
YOU MAY BE ELIGIBLE IF:
1. You or someone in your family has
worked at least 25 days in the last two
years in seasonal agriculture, woods
work, fishing, clamming, fish packing,
fir tipping, or other seasonal farm, fish
or forest occupations. This includes
clamdigging, berry raking, potato pick
ing, haying, working as a woodcutter
on someone else’land or cutting wood
s
on your own land, work in food pro
cessing plants that is not year round,
etc. If you are not sure whether your
work qualifies you, get in touch and
ask.
WHAT KINDS OF ASSISTANCE
ARE AVAILABLE?
Under this program you may receive
assistance which will enable you to pay
for the following kinds of items and
services:
1. FUEL (any kind, including wood,
oil, kerosene, coal)
2. UTILITY BILLS which are due or
overdue
3. LP GAS
4. WARM CLOTHING AND
BLANKETS
5. STOVES AND REPAIRS TO
FURNACES AND HEATING
SYSTEMS
6. FOOD
7. M EDICAL CARE
8. Some RENT ASSISTANCE in
in special circumstances
If you think you or someone you
know may be eligible for the kinds o?
assistance outlined here, please send a
postcard to: ECAP Outreach Worker,
Route 1 Box 74-1, Steuben, Maine
.
04680. Give your name, address and
phone (if you have one). Or call: 5467293 or loll free in Maine at 1-800-4321766 for more information.
IMPORTANT! YOU MUST APPLY
BEFORE JUNE 30. 1980.
Cheryls Place
Now open for business. Selling novelties, toys, games, clothes, jewelry, small
appliances, etc.
There is a 10% discount for Native Americans, either bring this ad or your
hunting and fishing license for verification.
W e will donate $1.00 to Wabanaki Alliance for every person that brings this ad
and spends $5.00 or more.
O PEN FOR BUSINESS!
Cheryl Hodgkin and Tom Thurlow
820 Gray Road (Route 202)
South Windham, Maine 04082
�Page 12
Wabanaki Alliance May 1980
Flashback photo
news notes
Township garden
planning underway
INDIAN TOW NSHIP - Last year, a
community garden was tried here for the
first time. This year, it will be different,
with individual gardens developed beside
homes. Tools and advice are available from
the tribal offices, according to community
health worker Martha A. Barstis. A
recent inventory turned up one roto-tiller,
six spades, eight hoes, two vinyl garden
hoses, one fertilizer spreader, five bags
fertilizer.
CMIA slates
board meeting
Central Maine Indian Association's
board of directors’ eeting will be held at
m
the Portland Public Safety Building
(Police Department) in the auditorium on
the second floor on June 14, at 2 p.m.
There is one opening to fill on the board
of directors. Please come and express
your concerns and views to the Board.
CMIA would like to know what you think
it should be doing.
Canoe crew
sets record
CUDDLY KIDS — In this circa 1900 photo, Maliseet youngsters are, left to right, Frank
Deveau, Florence Deveau, and John Deveau posing at a photo studio in Houlton. All
w ere the children of James Deveau and Minnie Paul. Frank married first, Eva Paul, and
second, Waneta Tomah. Florence married Thomas Paul on March 1, 1927 and later
married Louis Francis Sappier on January 17,1946. With an uncertain orthography, the
nicknames of these three can be given: Frank=K-chi-dos, Florence=Bok-cheen,
John=Wooch-keen. [Original in the possession of Waneta Deveau, Bangor, Maine]
Island man given work
detail by tribal court
INDIAN ISLAND — The Penobscot
tribal court found Sebastian C. Francis,
Jr., Indian Island, guilty of criminal mis
chief, March 14, and sentenced him to a
three-day work detail. Francis was also
ordered to pay $85 restitution for damag
ing a radio antenna on a tribal police
cruiser. A charge of obstructing govern
ment administration will be dropped if the
other conditions are met.
In other recent court action, James
Neptune of Bangor, charged with litter
ing, Feb. 9, failed to appear, and a warrant
for his arrest was issued. The warrant
applies only to Indian Island.
John Banks, charged with speeding,
March 24,30 mph in a 20 mph zone, signed
a waiver and was fined $10. Laura Massey
received the same fine, for the same
offense, same date.
Bevan Baumann was fined $15 for
passing a stop sign, April 18.
Kirk Fields, charged with illegal posses
sion of alcohol, has requested a trial May
14, for the offense alleged April 13. Jerry
Pardilla of Indian Island will serve as
public defender.
In Penobscot Nation vs. Susie Neptune,
in which parking so as to obstruct was
alleged Jan. 27, Neptune was found
innocent. James Sappier was found in
nocent of the same offense, alleged Jan.
20.
In a “
test case,”
Alice Francis was found
innocent of operating under the influence
of liquor, for lack of jurisdiction, according
to tribal Judge Andrew Mead. The offense
was alleged Aug. 25, 1979, prior to estab
lishment of tribal jurisdiction on Indian
Island. Also found innocent, for offenses
alleged Aug. 25,1979, w ere Eloise Francis
PLEASANT POINT — Nobody had
heard -of paddling from Pocomoonshine
Lake down the East Machias River, in
Washington County, to Jacksonville, in
less than tw o days.
“
They shouldn’have shown up till next
t
morning,”
one tribal m em ber said.
Paddlers on the overnight trip w ere
Dale Mitchell, Chris Altvater, Edward
Bassett Jr., Louis Paul, Dana Altvater,
Donald Soctomah, and Dale Longfellow.
As if that weren’enough, Dale Mitchell
t
said that the Rev. Joseph Laughlin, S.J.,
of Indian Township, is mulling over a
possible 500 mile canoe trip retracing old
Indian routes. Interested persons may
contact Mitchell or Father Joe.
and Janet Altvater, both charged with one
count each of assault and criminal mis
chief.
Philip Guimond, charged with speeding
in a school zone and operating after
suspension, has appealed a $150 fine to the
tribal law court. The speeding charge
refers to a Jan. 22 incident, the suspension
charge, Feb. 16. Guimond was found inno
cent of another operating after suspension
charge, alleged Jan. 22.
Carl Mitchell has appealed a $25 fine for
passing a stop sign, Feb. 17.
The tribal court has distributed 70
questionnaires for a jury drawing, June
11. A random 25 names will be selected.
Any off reservation tribal members
interested in serving as jurors should
contact court clerk Dorothy Foster.
SKITIKUK
DON'T MISS OUT
SUBSCRIBE NOW
JOB OPENING
Executive Director
Abnaki Girl Scout Council seeks an
Executive Director with Bachelor’
s
D egree plus experience in the areas of
administration, corporate planning,
staff supervision, finance management
and development.
If you are interested in applying,
contact Mrs. David Swett, President,
Rt. 2, Box 25, Orrington, Maine 04474.
No telephone calls will be accepted.
An equal opportunity employer.
OUTFITTERS
Specialists in Wilderness Travel
SALES - RENTALS - GU IDE SERVICE
Featuring IGAS Island Packs and Travelling Gear
COME BY AND SEE US
38 Main St.
Orono
866-4878
Track team winners
BANGOR — Three members of the
Andrew Sockalexis Track Team from
Indian Island took trophies in a 10
kilometer race this month.
Penobscot youngsters Jamie Knapp,
Chris Ranco and Greta Neptune placed in
the race. Knapp was first in the age 12 and
under category, with a time of 48:48.
Ranco, son of team coach Mike Ranco,
came in third after Knapp, with a 51:29
time. Neptune, alone in girls’ 12 and
under, won first place in 60:32.
Jeannette LaPlante, a Penobscot from
Old Town, won first place in the over-40
bracket, with a time of 49:31. She is a
board member of this newspaper. Editor
Steve Cartwright didn’ win anything in
t
the 20-29 category. His time was 41:58.
Two PassamaquodcJies
to graduate at Calais
INDIAN TOWNSHIP — Two Passamaquoddy students enrolled in Calais High
School will be graduating in June.
They are, Richard Stevens, son of Mr.
and Mrs. George Stevens Jr., and Carl
Nicholas Jr., son of Mr. and Mrs. Carl
Nicholas Sr.
Richard Stevens has already made
plans to enter the Navy as soon as he
graduates. He has enlisted for six years.
Carl Nicholas Jr. is planning to enroll in
the Police Academy in Utah.
G roup aids tribal b osses
WASHINGTON — Commissioner of
Indian Affairs William Hallett said that
Indian self-determination will be boosted
by President Carter’ Management Im
s
provement Council, which has agreed to
sponsor the Tribal Manager Corps (TMC).
The TMC project is designed to make
professional manager / administrators
from government agencies and private
industry available to work with tribes .
RUBBERMAID PARTIES
If you are interested in having a
Rubbermaid party or perhaps becom
ing a Rubbermaid dealer in your area
and want to make some extra money,
get in touch with:
DEBBIE MITCHELL
14 OAK HILL STREET
INDIAN ISLAND
OLD TOWN, MAINE 04468 '
Or call during the day at 827-5513.
JOB OPENING
Junior High School
Assistant Principal
Specific Qualifications and
Performance Responsibilities:
Masters Degree
At least 3 years successful
elementary or secondary teaching
experience
A ssists principal in the overall
administration of the school
(See attached Job Description)
^Im inistrator or Supervisor's Certi
fication Required.
Salary range according to degree and
experience.
Deadline for Applications: May 23,
1980.
Send application and copies of certi
fication, transcript, and references to:
Director of Instruction/Personnel
Bangor School Department
1375 Union Street
Bangor, Maine 04401
Telephone: 947-7386
An Equal Opportunity Employer
�
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<em></em><em>Wabanaki Alliance</em> (May 1980)
Creator
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Division of Indian Services, Indian Resource Center, Orono, ME
Date
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1980-05
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Digital files provided by Donald Soctomah and Meredith Ricker.
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English
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PDF
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511274d0ab0a86b266f3e4b3120080ec
PDF Text
Text
Kci woiitahasuwakon Sesuhs peciyat
Non-profit Organization
W abanaki
A llia n ce
U .P
.S ortage P 3 c
aid .1
P it N 1
erm o. 4
O
rooo, M e
ain
D e c e m b e r 1980
Claims funded
WASHINGTON — The negotiators of the
$81.5 million Penobscot-Passamaquoddy
land claims settlem ent are almost home
free.
As Wabanaki Alliance went to press, the
the U.S. Senate passed a bill that bankrolls
the federal resolution.
Although expected, the funding legisla
tion iii'ts a load from tribal leaders7minds.
The entire settlem ent has followed a
strategy and timetable to conclude all
business before President Carter, an avow
ed supporter, leaves office.
if Carter had not signed the land claims
agreement in October, a new administra
tion could take over next month with the
issue unresolved. In that event., the whole
deal would be off, and negotiators would
have to start over.
A tribal negotiating team has worked
long, hard hours for several years; m eeting
first with themselves and lawyer Thomas
N. Tureen — spearhead o f the claims — and
then with federal officials. Finally, state
officials and the Maine Legislature became
involved, giving swift passage to a settle
ment that left them off the hook, financially.
The Senate vote, Dec. 1, came on the
heels of House approval the w eek before.
Tribal negotiating team chairman Andrew
X. Akins said he expects Carter to sign the
appropriation bill the week of Dec. 15.
Akins said he is relieved much o f the
struggle for a settlem ent is over. He said it
will be “ to the people”of the tribe to
up
decide how income from a trust, fund is
spent. He said the tribes could expect to see
a check as early as April. Akins said he
anticipates som e discussion about how to
disburse, or invest income.
Tribal m eetings v/ili be scheduled, and
the negotiating team will for the time being
remain intact.
The Maine Indian claim is the largest, in
term s of land acquisition, in U.S. history,
according to the a U.S. Department of the
Interior official.
A sum of $2? million will be held in trusL
by the department, for the tribes. The land
— 5,000 acres of which will go to Maliseet
Indians in Houlton — will be purchased with
the remaining $54.5 million. Land has not
been finally selected, although several
major landholders have made commitments
t.o the tribes.
Penobscot and Passamaquoddy officials
have m et with Dead River Company Elsie Haddock, a Passamaquoddy and lifelong wreath maker. See story page 5.
President P. Andrews Nixon, and will likely
contract with Dead River for land m anage
ment. The contract would stipulate a six
month trial period, after which the tribes
could cancel or renew the agreement.
PLEASANT POINT — More than 200 quoddy Tribe of Indians under the term s
Tribal leaders recently toured Dead Passamaquoddy tribal m em bers here o f the recent land claims settlem ent act
River’tree farm in Springfield, near Route have signed a petition asking that interest passed by the U.S. C ongress for the
s
6. Dead River owns 180,000 acres in Maine, earned on land claims trust monies be benefit o f the Passamaquoddy Tribe shall
and manages considerably m ore acreage, given to individuals, and not retained by be divided monthly among the individual
according to John Cox, public relations tribal government.
m em bers of our Tribe, after the said
man.
The petition is w orded as follows:
monies are received by the Tribal Gover
Tureen told a reporter, “ ever before
N
“ e the undersigned m em bers of the nor and Council, apd not used exclusively
W
has the legal system returned this much Passamaquoddy Tribe of Indians, residing lor large public tribal projects, involving
land after so much time. And for the first at the Pleasant Point reservation in great sums of money with big salaries for
time in history, lawyers will not get a big Washington County, petition that the the directors of such tribal public pro
piece of the settlement," said Tureen.
interest paid annually to the Passama jects."
Possomaquoddys want per capita share
Election ends retirement for J.H. Nicholas
Governor Nicholas at inauguration ceremony.
PLEASANT POINT — Joseph Hartley
Nicholas, 54, put an end to quiet retire
ment from Pratt & Whitney, when he was
elected last fall to head the Passama
quoddy Tribe.
The race for governor was close, with
traditionalist Deanna Francis coming
within 16 votes of Nicholas’157 ballots.
Since taking office Oct. 1, com plete with
Governor’ inaugural ball, Nicholas has
s
sought to unify his people.
“
There are two main factions here.
They had very strong feelings about it
(the election results). I think now things
have stabilized. I think after our Lhird or
fourth (council) meeting, w e’ managed
ve
to have a fairly productive meeting." said
the Governor, known here simply as
“
Hartley."
A handsome, vigorous man of strong
opinions, Nicholas is the brother of former
tribal governor Frances J. Nicholas, and
son of Margaret Nicholas, a great grand
m other who instilled in her children a
pride and self-confidence that is passed
from generation to generation.
"M other" Nicholas is still active, her
opinions at least as strong as her son’
s.
Hartley Nicholas said al first, “ wanted
I
my nephew. Chris Ailvater. to run. I
thought that he would do a real good job.
He has a degree from UMO. But he wants
to get his master’ degree. So when he
s
declined to run, I accepted the nomination.
“ e’ passed som e fairly controversial
W ve
issues,” Nicholas explained, seated com
fortably in the living room of his brand
new house, which overlooks Passama
quoddy Bay. “
For example, acquisition of
the Eastport Water Company. It will
(Continued on page 4)
Dead River
to sell soon
BANGOR — The president of Dead
River Company said he anticipates com
pleting a contract with the Penobscot
Nation and Passamaquoddy Tribe in about
six weeks.
Dead River will manage yet-to-be-ac
quired timberlands. purchased through
the recent $81.5 million federal settlement
of Maine Indian land claims. The Bangor
based company will also sell som e lands to
the tribes, according to President P.
Andrews Nixon.
Nixon has consulted with tribal gov
ernors Timothy Love. Harold J. Lewey
and J. Hartley Nicholas: and tribal
officials have Loured Dead River’ tree
s
farm.
Nixon said he would be willing to
com ment further, after the contract is
final.
�’ 2
age
Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980
editorials
Chairman Cohen
Sen aIor William S. Cohen's impending status as chairman of the
enate Select Committee on Indian Affairs may be a foregone con
cision. but his activity in that role is open to question.
Appointed ranking Republican on the panel two years ago. Cohen
anything but an advocate of Indian rights. His philosophy on
luians was amply demonstrated in his consistent opposition to
ceognizing the validity of Maine Indian land claims — the only
ldian legislation in which he is known to have been truly involved.
To his credit, he supported passage o f the Penobscot-Passalaquoddy claims in a Senate voice vote, but by that time — last fall
- he would have been an obstructionist to do anything else.
The Mnnataba Messenger, an Indian weekly in Parker. Arizona,
^served that Cohen "is somewhere between an original redneck and
man whose eyes are gradually opening. Will he blink?”We don’
t
liieve m name-calling, but we wonder what a man who in 1979 said
at he “
wouldn't support (Indian sovereignty) anywhere" will do as
■
airman of a committee that handles most if not all Indian
gislation headed for Congress.
Although Cohen voted for the negotiated settlement in Maine, he
as conspicuously absent from tile signing ceremony at the White
ouse, Oct. 1 Also missing were fellow Maine Delegation
0.
embers. Representatives David F. Emery and Olympia Snowe.
lowe and Emery have been consistently anti-Indian claims.
Cohen is plainly not our choice to chair the committee. The
mimittee lost a good chairman when Indian advocate Sen. James
bourezk of South Dakota retired. Cohen’motives deserve further
s
rutiny.
Vulture warning
AT TH E CURB - Maine Atty. Gen. Richard Cohen, left, and his deputy, John Paterson,
watt for ride on White House lawn, after w itnessing the President sigD Maine Indian
claims act.
Quotable
H ere’ a language that has survived since the dawn of man —
s
however long ago that was — it’a living language, and we’ losing
s
re
it.
— I. Hartley Nicholas, Governor
The Passamaquoddy Tribe at Pleasant Point
The work has just begun. That's what many tribal officials are
I see these young people wearing feathers, saying ‘m Indian’
I’
and
lying now about the land claims settlement.
they can’speak the language.
t
They are absolutely correct.
— Harold J. Lewey, Governor
While the struggle to bring the negotiated settlement to a peaceful
The Passamaquoddy Tribe at Indian
isolution lasted more than a decade, and involved countless
Township
ilunteer hours and energy, there seems to be no time to relax. In
ict, there was hardly time for a victory party, even had negotiators
ccn in the mood for jubilation.
Now, the hassels begin. W here’ the money going? Who is
s
andling what, and who makes decisions? What about the swarm of
eople who suddenly “
discovered” they are Penobscot or Passalaquoddy, and want a piece of the pie — or to be adopted by a tribe
)they arc eligible for a monetary slice.
We'll wager there’ a far more dangerous element waiting in the
s
ings. This element consists of technical experts, tribal consultants,
ivestors, sellers of real estate, promoters ... all posing as shepards
ho wish to lead the tribe to greener pastures. Only to fleece the
idians along the way.
It wouldn't be the first time Indians have been taken. Our hope is
iat Indians will lead Indians; and even there, tribes must be on
lard against fraud and deceit. There are, after all, Indian persons
tiling to use and manipulate fellow Indians.
So the issue is less a racial one than it is a question of caution and
:althv suspicion. We can hear it now: “
Have I got a deal for you!"
he salesman has got this unbeatable deal on a Maine resort, and the
ibe can have it cheap.
The only catch is, the resort has been bankrupt ever since it
rened. It’a lemon. You wouldn’touch it with a paddle.
s
t
Instead, let the tribes proceed at their own pace; warily, carefully,
ith trusted advice.
Let the tribes weigh any venture — be it timber harvesting,
iwmiils, blueberry farming or whatever — with this in mind: the
�Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980
Page 3
letters
Impressed
Young cousins and happy mothers
Seneca Blake Stevens, left, is the two-month-old son of T e n McDougall of Indian Island.
Domekin Attean McDougall is the seven-month-old son of T e n ’ sister, Janice
s
McDougall. Both mothers are proud their son6 have Indian names.
Tracing A b en ak i
Los Angeles
To the editor:
Do you know of any papers which come
from the Abenaki Reserve, Odanak, in the
Province of Quebec, Canada?
Any information regarding the above or
any other information specifically dealing
with the Abenaki tribe would be greatly
appreciated.
Also I wanted to tell you that I enjoy
your paper very much.
Diane J. Obomsawin
10990 Strathmore Dr. #2
Los Angeles, Calif. 90024
C hauvinism !
Princeton
To the editor:
Just a note to let you know how much
we enjoy reading the Wabanaki Alliance.
However, it is I who subscribed to the
Wabanaki Alliance with my own hard
earned money. Why do you send it in my
husband s name? Is this a display of
chauvanism!
Please correct the subscription. D on’
t
w orry — I'll still let my husband read it.
Thank you.
Lorraine Gabriel Ritter
Young and concerned
Wingdale, N.Y.
To the editor:
Recently I was visiting my sister,
Geraldine Oliver in Dan forth. Me. We
both have been living off the reservation
for over 20 years.
In the course of reminising and asking
how the folks were, my sister brought out
her copies of Wabanaki Alliance. I was
impressed with your paper and wish to
subscribe.
Bob Tomah
Mattawamkeag
T o the editor:
Now that former Gov. Reagan will be
our next president, I am concerned
about several things.
For example, the issue about foreign
affairs and Iran really bothers me. Are
we possibly facing the prospects of a
war? Like all young men. I'm con
cerned.
What about the SALT treaties? Are
we going to get the reputation of aban
donment? And the hostages — they
remain in Iran despite what Carter has
tried. D oes Reagan have a special plan
for their freedom? Will he attem pt to
take them by force?
Speaking of force, how is Reagan
goin g to increase military spending and
cut taxes all at the same time? Is it
possible?
Tom Vicaire
Grade 8
Mattanawcook Junior
High School
For the cause
Pittsburg, N.H.
To the editor:
I don t know whether I have done any
good for the cause, but you have my uncle
from Ossipee as a new subscriber, and
hopefully a cousin in Texas, and have
written a letter to the Manchester Union
Leader paper, in behalf of the Alliance.
Thank you for a paper for the Indian.
I wait for my paper every month, it
means a great deal to me and mine.
D. D ’
Amboise
(Shonebeki)
Unhappy with
Native center
claims accord
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
To the editor:
For our native people to find and fulfill
Lewis burg. Pennsylvania
their rightful role in the life of our nation
To the editor:
is an aspiration in the common interest of
I would like to make a com ment on
all Canadians. Our ties of race and .culture, I the recent Indian land claims settle
spanning all provinces and territories can
ment. First off, I want to say that I
be an important unifying influence in our
wish that I could state at this Lime that
country. As an important step towards
I was happy with this settlement, but I
this common objective, the Inuit, Indian
cannot for the following reasons.
and Metis are joining together to establish
The first being that the very worst
a National Native Centre in our capital
mistake that the people who negotiated
city.
this settlement, was when they gave
The new building will not only provide
up the “
Sovereignty” that our fore
the traditional services of a Friendship
fathers worked so hard to protect.
Centre, but will be a means of displaying
Som ething that is a absolute must if we
native art and other cultural activities. It
are to survive as an Indian Nation. This
will show our visitors — including those
constitutes a grave error on the part of
from foreign countries — that Canada
the people that worked so hard on this
.recognizes and respects its original
Wabanaki Alliance
Vol. 4, No. 12
Decem ber 1980
settlement. For them to put such a
people.
• thing in this settlem ent go es against
As befits such a significant national
Published monthly by the Division of Indian Services [DIS] at the Indian
everything that a Indian Nation stands
venture, we are inviting participation
Resource Center, 95 Main St., Orono, Maine 04473. Telephone (207] 866-4903.
for! And I believe that som eday they’
ll
from all parts of Canada. W e would be
Typeset by Old Town/Orono Times. Printed by Ellsworth American.
realize this error, but I’ sorry to say
m
very pleased if you would include us on
that then it will be too late to rectify
your mailing list, for no charge. Hopefully,
M ember — Maine P ress Association
this serious error.
in a year we will be able to subscribe to
Secondly, for anyone to state that
your magazine. Presently, we are still
Steven Cartwright, Editor
this is what the people wanted is
raising funds to buy our building.
another misstatement, for the simple
Mary Mudd
reason that the off reservation Indians
did not ge t a chance to voice they’
re
Reporters
opinion of this very serious matter.
Phone 827-6219
Indian Island
Diane Newell Wilson
This constitutes a very, very grave
Phone 53 2-7317
Houlton
Brenda Pnlchies
injustice to a number o f American
Lost cause
Phone 853-4654
Pleasant Point
Roberia Richler
Indians. And will m ore than likely
Bangor
Phone 796 2301
Indian Township
Kal hy Totnah
divide the tribes instead of bringing
To the editor:
them closer together, like we should be
I would like to pass this information
DIS Board of Directors
doing, and is a goal that is a m ust if we
Jean Chavaree (chairman]
IndianIsland along to others.
are to survive. In order to becom e In
Some months back I answered an ad in
Donna Loring, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Old Town
dependent we must have unity among
Timothy Love, Governor
IndianIsland the Wabanaki Alliance where it said,
ourselves first. And this cannot happen
“
Calling all Maliseets, Maliseet Nation,
Jeannette Neptune, Community D evelopm ent D irector
Indian Township
if important events such as this settle
Madawaska, Maine."
Jeanette LaPlante, Central Maine Indian Assoc.
Old Town
ment is not voted upon by each and
I am sorry to say that this man didn’
t
Brenda Polchies, Assn, of Aroostook Indians
Houlton
every m em ber of each tribe concerned!
tell m e all the details. My sister and I
I believe that there are others that
signed our names to his list and he asked
IMS is an agency of Diocesan Human Relations Services. Inc. of Maine. Sub
feel the same as m yself on these
for a donation. W e gave m oney to a cause
scription to this newspaper are available by writing to Wabanaki Alliance, 95
matters, and I hope that they’ voice
ll
that was against my beliefs, and as an
Main St., Orono, Me. 04473. Diocesan Human Relations Services and DIS are a
they’ opinion and concern, whenever
re
American citizen, and a M aliseet Indian.
and wherever they possibly can.
non-pro Jit corporation. Contributions are deductible for income tax purposes.
I hope no one else is as sim ple minded as
Frederick L. Thurlow III j
Roles: - 5 per year 1 issues]: So Canada and overseas; SIQ Ser institutions
5
52
I to make such a faux pas as I did.
ischools, government, business, etc.]
Helen W. Deveau i.
I
�Page 4
Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980
A governor s
concerns
(Continued from page 1
)
benefit the tribe, and we ll be able to
buL I don't want my race to disappear. It’
s
control our own water rates. If the
inevitable, it’ down the road, unless we
s
present owner — their home office is in take action,”
Nicholas said.
Philadelphia — makes the improvements,
Through intermarriage, Indian blood in
the rates will probably double. It em ploys
tribal mem bers has decreased. “ m con
I’
lour or five people, and that's four or five
cerned about the assimilation into the
jobs for our labor force," Nicholas said.
white race," says Nicholas, who advocates
A matter-of-fact person whose words
a cut-off date, such as 1980, after which
are touched with kindness and concern for
offspring of unions involving a non-Indian
his tribe, Nicholas declared, “
what I would
parent would not be on the tribal census.
like to see here is unemployment brought
Echoing his mother's concern with
down to a regional level. Actually, what I
Passamaquoddy language (reported in a
would like to see is no unemployment at
previous feature story in Wabanaki Alli
all.
ance), Nicholas explained, “ try to speak
I
“
Welfare is fine if you are sick, un to my grandchild every day, and he under
healthy, disabled," the Governor con stands, but ne answers me in English.
tinued. “
But if you are young and fit, you
“
I'm hoping that by persevering I will
should earn your own living. I don’think . succeed in teaching him how to speak
t
the United States ow es you a living. If the
Indian." The hope fades quickly from
work ethic is inculcated in a child, by a Hartley's eyes. “
But it's a losing battle."
parent, a teacher, or even example, this, He shrugs.
thing can be completely brought about in a
Nicholas’
brother, Francis, the former
generation.”
governor, speaks to his kids in English
Nicholas, like other Passamaquoddys,
because he himself had a hard time with
feels the pull of both modern non-Indian
English. "That attitude is prevalent,”the
society, and the tugging of tradition, his
Governor said.
early heritage. A heliarc welder at Pratt
“ ere’ a language that has survived
H
s
& Whitney in Hartford for 14Vz years, he
since the dawn of man — however long
retired recently with a pension, and came
ago that was — it’ a living language, and
s
home with his Passamaquoddy wife,
w e’ losing it.”
re
Eileen Nicholas. Prior to welding, he
Nicholas himself learned Passama
worked nine years for Hartford Faience
quoddy first, and “
English came easily."
Company, makers of ceramic electrical
Land claims and the future
insulators. (Fellow Pratt & Whitney
Asked for his opinion on the $81.5
Passamaquoddys John Stanley and David
million land-money settlem ent o f PenDoyle are scheduled to retire soon.)
obscot-Passamaquoddy claims, Nicholas
Nicholas believes the state “
made a big
stated: "I would’ liked to see a settle
ve
mistake in its relations with the tribes. I
ment that would make the Indians inde
think they should have helped them make
pendent and financially secure far into the
the transition from their ancient culture
future, but I don’think that’realistic.
t
s
. .. I remember I was in eighth grade,-a
“ we can pick ourselves up by our
If
couple of boys (from the reservation) went
bootstraps it will be just as good."
to high school. It was 1929. They were the
Skeptical about the settlem ent in general,
first to go. I started the next year, with
Nicholas nevertheless was present, Oct.
two others. We were the first, to graduate.
10, when the President signed the land
There was no opportunity to g o higher.”
claims act at the White House.
Nicholas can see the changes, such as
Nicholas is convinced disaster was
his nephew seeking a m aster’ but still,
s,
avoided by establishing the $27 million
he says, “ want my people to be Indian.
I
trust fund for the two tribes. "If we had
“ concern is the future of the tribe.
My
realized a great deal of money and divided
I've nothing against the white race. Some
it am ong the tribe, w e’ be ruined,” he
d
of my best friendships are with the while
said.
race. They have many traits I admire.
Nicholas said he prefers tribal enter
They are thrifty, industrious . .. but I am
prises over other,, private, outside in
an Indian, and I want my people to be
terests operating on the reservation.
Indian; rather than becom e absorbed by
However, he said the planned Digital
our white neighbors.
Equipment shop, expected to train and
It probably wouldn’ be a bad thing,
t
em ply about five persons at $3.25 per hour
The G overno r and his dog, Cipuhtes (clown).
to make cable connectors for computers,
will be a welcome development.
“
Even if we start with five jobs, it
grows,” said.
he
The new governor is especially proud of
the decision to acquire E astporl Water
Company. “ won’ cost the tribe a
It
t
penny,”he boasts, citing an outright $1.4
million grant, plus a $1.5 million loan to be
repaid through revenue bonds. “ e’ be
W ll
the only Indian tribe in the country that
owns a water company,”he said, smiling.
“ thought it would be foolish to turn down
I
something like that.”
In other business, Nicholas said, “ e’
w re
goin g to open our fish holding .plant. We
hope to process fish here, and ship them
down to Boston. We're presently negotiat
ing with a couple of dealers."
Anticipated is the arrival of the stellhulled, government surplus commercial
fishing vessel, “
Magdalena.”
Another project is buying Carlow
Island, adjacent to the reservation and
bisected by Route 190, the Eastporl road.
The stumbling block is not the price, set
by the island’ New York owner, but the
s
fact that Eastport does not want to lose its
pow er to tax the property.
Asked about the recent removal of
track from Maine Central Railroad Com
pany s right-of-way across Pleasant Point,
Nicholas said, “ m glad you mentioned
I’
that. He said he may pursue obtaining
title to the right-of-way. He remembered
riding to Perry, as a boy. for nine cents.
N ew foundland Indians
seeking status, rights
Margaret Nicholas, m other of two governors.
The ride to Eastport by train was 18
cents.
Asked about the long proposed Pittston
oil refinery, Nicholas said, “ don’believe
I
t
they can have a refinery of that type
without polluting the water." Describing
himself as an ecologist, he said, "I think
we have to try to learn m ore and m ore of
the delicate balance of nature. Anything
that disturbs the ecological balance that
God created doesn’ work out very well
t
for us."
Nicholas has six grow n children. A son
lives in Florida; his five daughters have all
m oved to Pleasant Point. The lalesl
“
moved back from Connecticut last week.”
The Governor has 14 grandchildren and
two great-grandchildren.
"I’ always worked all my life. I got
ve
married when I was 20, and never slopped
working." The Governor reflected. “ s
It’
a very demanding job, and it requires a lot
o f hours. But I would rather keep busy.
Since I’ retired, even before I became
ve
governor, I couldn't g e l enough Lime in a
day."
HARDWARE
& GUN SHOP
TOM VICAIRE, Proprietor
The only Indian-owned hardware
business in the State o f Maine
“
We're eager to do business with people
in the Indian community,”says Tom.
The store carries a full line o f tools,
electrical and plumbing supplies, paint
and housewares. Also, a selection o f fine
new and used guns.
See Our Garden Supplies and Tools
For all your hardware and
hunting needs, visit —
MATTAWAMKEAG HARDW ARE &
GUN SHOP
and sample some good Indian hospitality
and service.
CONN RIVER, Newfoundland — The
Federation of Newfoundland Indians has
been wailing seven years for the federal
government to officially recognize them.
A recent Canadian newspaper report said
that when previously independent New
foundland became a province in 1949,
Indians were left out, largely because they
did not live in larger population areas.
Canada acknowledges 300,000 other Indians
as “
registered" under the Indian Act.
Although the government has agreed loregister Newfoundland Indians, Calvin
White, president of the federation and a S k itik u k
► O u tfitte r s
Micmac from Conn River, says officials
“
have been dragging their feet." Indian
Affairs Minister John Munro staled last
March that registration would be approved
Specialists in wilderness travel.
in ten days.
Sales - Rentals - Guide Service
Said White: “
Until we are registered as
status Indians, we cannot participate in any
H om e of Igas Island custom-made
decision-making processes at the National
packs and equipment
Indian Brotherhood’ general assembly.”
s
Tw o of Lhc brotherhood’ 70 delegates 38 Main St.
s
O ro n o
866-4878
would represent Newfoundland Indians.
�Wabanaki Alliance December 1980
Page 5
Cohen likely t© choir
indlon affairs committee
The Rev. Joseph Mullen chats with Passamaquoddy, Irene Lew ey about Christmas
wreath business at Pleasant Point.
Wreathing prospers
PLEASANT POINT - “
This has got to
be the biggest order in the country. It
could be a good income if they use their
heads."
Thats how Eddie Haddock of Pleasant
Point described the current rush to fill a
gigantic order for traditional Christmas
wreaths. Haddock is in charge of opera
tions.
The order for 10,000 wreaths — and
possibly more — com es from Lambert
Brothers, Boston, to be shipped for retail
sale. Two brothers were instrumental in
landing the contract for Pleasant Point.
They are the Rev. Joseph Mullen, of St.
Ann's Parish, and his brother Jim Mullen,
second in command at Business Service
Center, a federal agency in Boston.
“
We've got a wonderful opportunity if
we can just ge t people rolling,” said
Father Mullen, who has also persuaded
Digital Equipment Corp. to open a small
plant in a building on the reservation.
Four persons in Eastport, and four in
Pembroke, are busy weaving the wreaths
as they have for decades. Eddie Haddock’
s
wife Elsie is an expert, as are Irene Lewey
and Charlie Barnes, all of Pleasant Point.
Wreaths vary in diameter from 12
inches to 30 inches, priced accordingly.
Haddock is paying the w eavers 50 cents
per one foot wreath, $2.50 for the largest
size.
Profits will be shared with the Church,
which needs help on winter fuel bills. But
basically, the wreath pi-oduction is to help
the people of Pleasant Point reservation."
"Before you can get people interested in
God, you have to have the necessities,”
Father Mullen declared.
Recalling early times', Elsie Haddock
said, “ used to have a big hall: w e’
we
d
have a lot of fun.”She has made wreaths
“
every year since I was nine years oid. I
learned to trim when I was nine.”
Ellsworth firm unpaid by tribe
ELLSWORTH — Although Ellsworth
iuilders Supply won a favorable judgm ent
i court, no one knows how the firm can
olleet on an old debt, from Lhe Passamauoddy Tribe at Pleasant Point.
The tribal housing authority ow es Ells'orth Builders Supply a reported $7,499,
)ut at a recent hearing in Fifth District,
}ourt, nobody showed to represent theribe or housing authority.
A lawyer for the firm in Ellsworth said he
n’sure how to proceed. “ m writing Tom
t
I’
ureen (tribal lawyer), the Department of
iterior, and the Department of Housing
id Urban Development. I intend to find
jL if anyone can honor this judgm ent,”
he
as quoted as saying, in the Ellsworth
merican.
The suit was filed in January when
llsworth Builders Supply was unable to
illect a balance due. The housing authority
id purchased more than $41,000 worth of
aterial from the firm, according to the
•tide in the American.
Tureen had earlier asked that the court
smiss the case, on the basis it lacked jurisction over Indians. He told the court
llsworth Builders would g e t their money,
it would have to wait. Judge Jack Smith
denied Tureen's motion to dismiss. Tureen
did not show up at the trial, and Smith
declared judgm ent in favor of plaintiff, by
default.
Cohen looks into
Township housing
BANGOR — The planned construction of
35 new houses at Indian Township is under
investigation after an irate bidder charged
he and another firm had lower bids than the
winning offer, accepted by the tribe and
Jam es W. Sewall Co. of Old Town.
Key-Loc Hom es of New Hampshire was
reportedly willing to construct the federally
funded housing project for $262,000 less
than the winner, W eslville Hom es of New
Hampshire. A ccording to the Bangor Daily
News, W eslville H om es accepted money for
the job. Sept. 30, at Sewall’offices.
s
The N ews said Sen. William S. Cohen,
who opposes “
hurry-up spending" at the
end of a fiscal year, has asked his staff to
investigate allegations by Key-Loc, and to
contact Departm ent of H ousing and Urban
Developm ent officials in Washington.
WASHINGTON — A couple of years ago
William S. Cohen said he would oppose any
extension of the Senate Select Commit toe
on Indian Affairs.
Now the U.S. Senator from Maine,
ranking republican on the panel, is likely to
becom e chairman of the committee. Cohen
has changed his mind on the com m ittee’
s
future.
Although Cohen’ Capitol Hill aide,
s
Timothy Woodcock, said the Senator “
has
not taken a position on whether to make it a
permanent committee.”all indications are
that Cohen will chair the panel.
Legislation is pending to make the
committee permanent. It was introduced
last May by com m ittee member. Sen. John
Melcher. a Democrat. The Senate Select
Committee on Indian Affairs will terminate
Dec. 31. il Melcher’ bill is not enacted in
s
the lame duck session of Congress.
Said Melcher. "if the responsibility for
Indian affairs reverts to a subcom mittee . . .
the potential for careful and equitable con
sideration of Indian issues will be severely
disminished."
M ost legislation for the Senate involving
Indians passes review by the committee,
established Feb. 4,1977. B esides Cohen and
Melcher, mem bers are Senators Mark 0.
Hatfield. Daniel Inouye, and Dennis DeConcini. Melcher is current chairman.
Retired Sen. James Abourezk of South
Dakota, a strong advocate of Indian rights,
is a past chairman of the committee.
When Cohen was added to the com mit
tee, he said it would be “
very active,”
but in
an interview with this newspaper, stated he
opposed any extension of the panel beyond
1980.
W oodcock said Cohen will assess “
v/hat
benefits it (the committee) holds for the
rest of the state.
His assessm ent of the function of the
committee ... is based in larjre part on t.he
legislative load of the committee. When he
(Cohen) hrst came on, the com m ittee was
goin g through a period o f studied inertia,"
W oodcock told Wabanaki Alliance.
Opposition to extending the Senate
Select Committee on Indian Affairs comes
from Sen. Howard Cannon, a Nevada
Democrat, who said the com m ittee was not
intended as permanent. However, a com
promise could be worked out. Cannon indi
cated.
Cohen has only sponsored one piece of
Indian legislation: The Maine Indian land
claims act of 1980. He had earlier been a
fierce opponent of awarding land and
money to the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy tribes. He claimed the State of
Maine could win a legal contest if the claims
w ere taken to court.
Cohen was elected to the Senate in a
defeat of incumbent Sen. William D. Haihaway. a supporter of a negotiated settlement
with the tribes.
The incoming Republican Presidential
administration, and GOP Senate majority,
will mean thal one Democrat on the Senate
Select Committee on Indian Affairs will be
replaced by a Republican, W oodcock said.
Who will that be, W oodcock was asked.
“
Who knows," he said.
Sockabasin seeks
Governor's pardon
ORONO — Allen J. Sockabasin, former
Indian Township governor, land claims
negotiator, and currently director of
Tribal Governors Inc., wants a pardon.
He is seeking a pardon through Gov.
Joseph E. Brennan, who has not. yeL
scheduled a date for hearing before the
Advisory Board on Executive Clemency.
Sockabasin was convicted of arson, in.
the attempted burning of Indian Towriship"
elemenLiiry sctxrot ,,, .j.or.s.
Township governor
reflects on claims
INDIAN TOW NSHIP - “
We had to
give and take. xA the negotiators on
Il
both sides, we both fought hard."
That’ how Harold J. Lewey, go v
s
ernor o f the Passamaquoddy Tribe
here, characterized the long stru ggle to
resolve the joint tribai claims to 12.5
million acres in Maine.
“ s ju st a m atter of giv e and take;
It’
what we all felt reasonably sure was a
good thing,”
said the quiet-spoken, lean
and ruggedly handsome governor.
"N ow the work begins for us. We
have to find out from the people where
they want to go from here, and that’
s
goin g to be a long process.
“ don’ think our people have had
I
t
much say in Lhe past about their lives,”
Lewey, who is 47 years old, com
mented.
“ people need a constitution,”he
My
said, adding that he has visited several
tribes to examine their constitutions.
A veteran of 21 years in the military,
L ew ey said he has seen a lot of
“
physical changes” at his rem ote
reservation. Hot and cold running
water, new housing — “
you don’ have
t
to go out on Lhe lake and chop a hole in
the ice,”he said. “
But I haven’ seen
t
very much change in the attitude and
opinion of the people.
“ see these young people wearing
I
feathers, saying ‘m Indian’
I’
and they
can’speak the language.”
t
Gov. Harold J. Lewey.
Lew ey left home at age 17, and
traveled to Aroostook County, where
he worked various farms, and did
w oods work. He worked awhile for
Pratt & Whitney in Connecticut. He
has held jobs as a short order cook,
cement factory worker, and his long
career in the Military Police Corps.
He and his wife Dorris have two
children: Matt, 16, a student at Lee
Academy, and Martha, 19, a student at
University o f Maine at Machias.
�Page 6
Wabanaki Alliance Decem ber 1980
A summer comp with Indian spirit'There's something
special here . . .
so much love'
■ Bryan
Bob
for lacrosse, the lake seem s to stretch like
a welcoming hand out from it. Small
wonder swimming and canoeing are the
main sports.
Mustin, who at home is a Latin and
physical education teacher, teaches canoe
ing and bagatowea (lacrosse) herself. She
demands and ge ts disciplined canoeing
skills from her .crew. In the Mud Lake
Olympics the last day the canoe races
started on land: com petitors carried their
canoes to the lake edge, pushed off, turned
around, swam ped their canoes in kneedeep water, emptied and righted them,
climbed back on board and followed a
slalom course. One of the counselors lost a
point by not getting in according to form,
but everyone else did all right.
Camp Director Ellen Muslin lets Sandy Getchell nl Mnplctun, a Micnjac camper,
Maine Indian Summer Camp is held for
decorate her lor festivities the last night of camp, [Hansen photo].
five weeks each summer — the first two
for children 8 to 12 years old, the second
often applied from outside. It speaks well three for the 12-15 age group. The camp is
By Robin Hansen
of the camp that most of the Indian paid for by the Quebec-Labrador Founda
SINCLAIR — It is the last night of
counselors have been campers, and most, tion, and except for transportation costs,
Maine Indian Summer Camp, and it is
raining ever so slightly — a disappoint are either in college on on their way there. is free for campers. Besides sports and
Early in the morning, before anyone crafts, the camp offers a variety of
ment, because the Lcntugs have planned
else is awake, an Indian song, shouted by specials by visiting experts. This year, Bill
traditional dances from several tribes and
Kineo Tompkins, a little Micmac boy Bryan, scout for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Camper Tony Clement of Pleasant Point
the counselors have a bonfire built on the
whose m other is the camp cook and nurse: offered a baseball workshop; Andrea gets ready to send an arrow toward the
little tongue of land that, pushes out into
“
Hey-ey yah! hey ey yah-ah! hey ey-yah- Nicholas from the Tobique Reserve (New mark. Archery was one of the traditional
Mud Lake.
ah!" It go es on and on, ringing across the Brunswick) helped teach leatherwork; Pat skills taught at Maine Indian Summer
The Lentugs dance anyway, in the rain:
lake in the misty m orning air, wonderfully and Rilda Daigle of Fort Kent had a Camp. [Hansen photo].
a round dance, the Mohawk blanket dance,
an Iroquois partridge dance, the W ab romantic, waking everyone up. Later a wrestling and gymnastics workshop;
cam per tells me that it isn't planned that Kevin Neilson of UMO helped the campers
anaki feather dance. When a dancer, a
The camp — people and site — is
way. “
Kineo wakes us up every morning, with basketball skills, and Carmine and
bov, leans over to catch the father in his
beautiful but for the communities of
lie always sings an Indian song, and it's Andy Jandreau of Caribou had a square
tccih. drummer Robin McNea/ exclaims,
Indian Island and Pleasant Point it is also
always the same song. Sometimes I wish dance session at the camp.
“
Look! They do it different!” because
The cam pers went blueberrying and very remote. Maine Indian Summer Camp
he'd shut up."
these are not dances taught at camp, but
is held in Sinclair, in the northernmost tip
But it is part of the Indian feeling of the raspberry picking, visited Wells-in-the- of Aroostook county. Its rem oteness has
learned at home or at powwows and only
camp that no one told Kineo to shut. up. Rocks in Grand Falls, N.B., the paper mill
being shared now. At Indian Island, one
limited participation from the southern
Both campers and counselors treated in Madawaska, and attended local theatre
must keep the rhythm, bending over while
reservations. This year there w ere three
Kineo and his little brother — and one in Fort Kent.
balancing and bouncing on one foot and
cam pers and one counselor from Pleasant
One of the feaLures of the older session
another — with a gentleness uncommon
catching the feather stuck in the ground,
Point and two cam pers from Orono —
among white children. It was not unusual is a four-day canoe trip from Mud Lake
hut-the kids here are from all over Maine
compared to nine from W oodstock, New
to see a twelve or thirteen year old through C ross Lake to Square Lake.
and New Brunswick, and som e of them
Dr. Peter Paul of Woodstock, N.B., Brunswick, and 11 from Aroostook towns.
comfortably hang an arm around his coun
simply place their feet wide and lean over
This year, Ellen Mustin wanted to arrange
selor's neck or to hear som eone tenderly visited the first session of camp to talk
to catch the feather.
a m eeting of representatives from Indian
recount an incident illustrating another’ with young campers about old times in Island, Indian Township and Pleasant
s
Down by the water the Quimo are
personality. There was no cruel teasing, Maine and to pass on legends and Indian
setting tiny candle boats afloat, but. the
Point to start looking for a m ore central
and much tolerance. QLF founder Bob words. His visit inspired the cam pers to
candles are doused by the rain almost as
site, but apparently it was too far even for
Bryan, who visited during the last session provide several legends as skits the last
soon as they are set sail. “
It's all right,"
the representatives, because no one came.
remarked on it — “
There’ something night of camp,
s
Director Ellen Mustin com forts the cam p
special here. There’so much love —
s
ers. “
You can send your w ishes off
It couldn’ be easy to keep an Indian
t
tomorrow morning —." The rain begins to
spirit in a camp where the director is a
pour down in earnest and cam pers and
white from Ipswich, Massachusetts, and
counselors alike retreat to their cabins for
the money com es from a church-oriented
the night.
white foundation. It helps that the white is
The rain ended a day of Olympics,
Ellen Mustin and that the foundation is
banqueting, and awards, and three weeks
the Quebec-Labrador Foundation (QLF),
of learning, sports and friendship. It also
known for its ability to supply money and
ended the tenth year of the Quebcc-Labaims and let the community carry the
rador Foundation's Camp Karawanee —
action.
probably the only recreational camp in the
Of course there are “
Indian”cam ps all
Northeast aimed specifically at Indian
over New England, mainly for white outchildren and youth.
of-state children, but the emphasis is
For campers it has been three w eeks of
different. There the white culture is
learning new skills — som e Indian, som e
inborn and the Indian culture com es from
not Indian — and living with children from
books. Here the Indian-ness com es with
other communities, other tribes. F op the
the cam pers and t.he counselors, and the
many i 12 nearly half the camp) cam pers
QLF staff has been careful not to push
who live in white communities, it has been
book ideas of Indian-ness.
a time to learn how Indians behave, to
One of the stated aims of QLF is to
learn on a small scale how Indian society
preserve traditional crafts and skills;
works, and to learn from their Indian
Mustin thinks the camp helps to prom ote
counselors how to do crafts the Indian
this. The Indian crafts taught — beadway.
work, birchwork and ash splint basketry,
For counselors, it has been a time to
leatherwork, fingerweaving — com e from
lead, to teach, and to be in a position of
counselors and visiting Native American
responsibility for groups of younger
Counselor Robin McNeal, a UMA student from Caribou, talks with nurse/cook Pat
experts.
children — a position sometim es hard for
Because the camp itself is so tiny, with 6 Tompkins [left). Ricky Pelkey of Woodstock, N.B., a Maliseet camper, hangs on.
Indian youth to attain in white society or
by 10 foot cabins and a clearing too small [Hansen photo].
in Indian communities where authority is
�Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980
Page 7
Campers frolic
Bear Hansen, a Ojibwe camper from W est
Bath, finishes up a splint basket made of
brown ash. Ash splint basketry was one of
the traditional skills taught at the Maine
Indian Summer Camp run by the Quebec
Labrador Foundation at Sinclair. [Hansen
photo].
Aroostook
Notes
By Brenda Polchies
CARIBOU — Elizabeth Zernicke, a
member o f the Association of Aroostook
Indians at Caribou, recently returned from
a three week training session at the Black
Hills Training Center in Rapid City, South
Dakota. The Indian Health Service program
at Princeton sponsored Zernicke to improve
her efficiency as Community Health Rep
resentative dealing with the Indian people
in Aroostook County.
Segm ents o f the training session included
how to work with people, how to deal with
emergencies, a session on psychology and
defensive driving was featured. M embers of
the Indian community from Maine, Arizona,
Oklahoma, Wisconsin, and New Mexico
were invited to participate in this health
workshop. At completion of the workshop,
Zernicke is officially certified to act as Com
munity Health R epresentative for the
Indian Health Service.
High school honors
Passamaquoddy man
PLEASANT POINT - Decem ber 22nd
is touched with tragedy for the family of
Ralph and Hazel Dana.
On that day, in 1975, their son, Glen,
was killed in an auto accident. He was an
outstanding student at Kents Hill, a Maine
boarding school.
Last June, when daughter Marilyn
graduated at Kents Hill, a special award
was announced for Glen Dana, to be pre
sented annually to a student who dem on
strates excellence. Glen was “
gifted with
humor and understanding," according to
his father.
Now another m em ber of the family,
Ralph Edward Dana, a junior high honor
roll student, wants to attend Kents Hill.
Ralph Sr. says the school is a wonderful
place that makes the whole family feel
welcome and included.
Joe Sapiel of Pleasant Point climbed aloft for his role in a skit the last night of camp. His
mouth looks funny because he has a lollipop in it. [Hansen photo].
island street honors William Newell, 88
INDIAN ISLAND - William B. Newell,
Penobscot, will celebrate his 88th birth
day, Dec. 17. He is the oldest male
resident o f Indian Island. .
A retired professor of anthropology,
Newell and his wife, Celina, live at 5
Riverview Drive. His Indian name, Rolling
Thunder, was recently assigned to a new
street, in a Penobscot Indian Housing
Authority project.
Poetry
i watch each
pass
mirroring each to the east
i watch each
pass mirror-ing each
yearnings
beyond m ere vision
in my ey es (we) appear
disappear
other watching other
som ew here
som eone thinks of you
love/belongs/heals
she stands : strength surrounds
care-less she runs to
leaves falling, falling
A sex y jo b ?
Professor Newell, a graduate of Syra
ORONO — Being a board m em ber of
cuse Universtiy, is listed in Who’ Who in
s
this newspaper is probably not very sexy,
New England, and W ho’Who in the East.
s
but it can be interesting and rewarding.
He. earned his master’ degree from -Uni
s,
— W abanaki Alliance holds-monthly- m eet
versity of Pennsylvania.
ings, where board members review edit
He is a member of American Academy
orial material and set the policy and
o f Political and Social Sciences, American
direction of the newspaper. Board m em
Association of University Professors, and
bers are paid mileage for com ing to
American Anthropological Association.
meetings.
A daughter, Diane Newell Wilson and
In particular, board mem bers are
family, are also Indian Island residents.
needed from Pleasant Point, to replace
John L. Bailey and Reuben (Clayton)
Cleaves; and from Indian Township, to
\
succeed Albert Dana.
A successor on the board for Gov.
Timothy Love is needed, and interested
and hands in gentle voices
Penobscots should contact the governor’
s
office.
to here the north & south
grown lantern hills
& easterner islands
estuaries incarnate
Judge injured
in auto mishap
in swollen expanses
& small diminishing wings
our eagle returns
in grace
& creature turmoil
wherein
“
slender-willowed wishes
, once
for a while
som eone thinks of you
Ihyeyes
fallen
glim pse now villages
& tribes
& nations
no where
one
have you returned
no one
or eternity
in
reverse-in: time wells open
& where in turnstiles yet leaning
and glim pse thine your eyes
som ewhere each watching
each & mirrors return
your eyes, (we) stand
belong-ing
“
fall, forgotten
dreams
your years : these lies
&
“ green-ness of leaves
in
& wind blossom s flying
each to each within
to an image of your face
V
______
Camper Ricky Pelkey of Woodstock, N.B.,
a Maliseet, pulls up a macrame knot in a
spontaneous early m orning craft session
in the dinning hall. Several kinds cf
traditional beadwork w ere taught at
Maine Indian Summer Camp, but the
campers also like the non-Indian way of
working beads into bracelets. Another
cam per is finishing up a loom-beaded
braclet at left. [Hansen photo].
where
i have seen your face
& eyes
— G eorge Tom er
y
PLEASAN T POINT - Recently appointed tribal court Judge Reuben C.
(Clayton) Cleaves was seriously injured in a
one car auto mishap last month.
He has been hospitalized at Eastern
Maine Medical Center since the accident,
which occurred at the intersection of Route
1 and Route 190. Details of the accident
w ere not known to the Pleasant Point
Police Department, but the driver o f the
vehicle was said to be Brenda Moore of
Pleasant Point, who failed to negotiate a
turn at. Route 1 The vehicle reportedly
.
struck an embankment. Besides Cleaves,
there were at least two passengers in the
vehicle, according to unofficial reports.
A sso cia te J u d g e S h irley Bailey of
Pleasant Point — who was recently hos
pitalized for surgery — has taken over
Cleaves' duties, which include handling
court cases at Indian Township, the sister
Passamaquoddy reservation near Prince
ton.
Cleaves is expected to resum e his duties
at a later date. He has served as director of
the tribal housing authority, and represen
tative to the state legislature, for the tribe.
�Page S
Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980
Iribei court orders eviction of Micmac widow
Letter supports
Isabelle Shay
j
Perth, New Brunswick
Dear Governor and Council:
As Wabanaki women of the Tobique
. Reserve we would like to register our
opposition to the eviction of Isabelle
Shay from her home at Indian Island.
As we understand it there have been
many precedents at Indian Island
where a non-Penobscot spouse has
been allowed to live in his home after
the death of the Penobscot spouse,
even in cases where the surviving
spouse was not adopted by the Tribe.
Not only have un-adopted Indian men
and women of other tribes been
allowed to remain after the death of
their Penobscot spouses but so also
have non-Indian spouses been allowed
to remain, unharassed by tribal auth
orities. These precendents are too well
known to need listing here.
In addition, if Isabelle is successfully
evicted she will have no place to go, no
reservation to return to, since the
Canadian government under its dis
criminatory Indian Act no longer
recogni7.es Isabelle as an Indian on
account of her marriage to Pat Shay.
(Indian men in Canada can marry
whomever they please and still be
considered Indians, but Indian women
lose their Indian status if they marry
non-Indians or non-Canadian Indians.
They cannot regain Indian status even
after divorce or widowhood, except by
remarriage to another Canadian In
dian.)
Ho do not mention the Indian Act
here to defend it. On the contrary,
Indian women in Canada have been
protesting against the Indian Act in its
present form for many years. W e only
mention it to point out how severe the
consequences of eviction will be for
Isabelle Shay.
Considering these facts together
with the many precedents that have
been set on your reservation regarding
the rights of surviving spouses we can
only conclude that the m ove to evict
Isabelle Shay is both unfair and cruel.
We ask that you reconsider her case in
light of these points. We are asking for
Justice at least, if not compassion.
Furthermore, we would like to
suggest that Penobscot laws be chang
ed to prevent such harassment of
native women in the future. Whether
adopted or not, native spouses both
male and female should have the
security of knowing that upon the
death of their Penobscot spouse they
will at least have survivors rights to
their family home. Such adaptation of a
standard practice (Maine law?) would
not endanger Penobscot land, and it
would be more humane and m ore con
sistent with Wabanaki traditions than
the present harassment of widows in
their \ime of bereavement.
Sincerely,
The Wabanaki Women of
Tobique
(Henna Pertey. Eva Soulis, Andrea
Bear Nicholas, Cheryl Bear, Heather
Bear. Barbara Nicholas, Sandra Love
lace.. Bernie Perloof, Sharon C. Paul,
Mrs. Louis Sappier, Lilly Harris,
Loretta Perley, Theresa Perley (Hart),
Mrs. Francis Paul. Edith Sappier,
Paula Sisson, Sandra Nicholas, Juanita
Perley, Connie Nicholas.
iNDLAN ISLAND — W hether Isabelle
T. Shay could remain in the house she has
occupied for the past few months was still
up in the air, as Wabanaki Ailiance went
to press.
Tribal Gov. Timothy Love says no.
Shay says yes.
Governor Love states it is “ custom
the
of the tribe" to take care of widows, or any
woman on the Island regardless o f tribal
affiliation, but that such person must not
abuse the tribe's hospitality.
Love says Shay is inhabiting the house
of her late husband, Patrick Shay, in
violation of a court order. Patrick Shay
was Penobscot; his widow' is a Micmac and
native of Nova Scotia.
Complicating m atters is that Patrick
Shay owned only a share of the property,
and there are many heirs. Also, Shay
adopted Isabelle Shay's son, Karl Toney,
who now lives with bis m other and
attends Indian Island elementary school.
.-The latest development was the arrest
of Isabelle Shay at her residence. She was
subsequently bailed at $150, with a tribal
court hearing set Dec. 17.
Isabelle Shay was ordered Nov. 6, by
Penobscot Nation tribal court, to vacate
the house. Love signed the removal
papers.
In an interview with this newspaper,
the Governor said he offered Shay the
chance to stay on the reservation, either
with Alberta Francis, or Edna Becker.
Both women expressed a willingness to
help Isabelle Shay.
A handwritten note from Love to Shay
said, “
Isabelle, if you can find another
place to live in on the reservation, you
may stay under life estate custom of the
tribe . . . but legal proceedings will
continue until you vacate your present
dwelling.”
Shay rejected the suggestion. “
Because
Governor Tim Love is a m em ber o f the
Shay family, I sensed this was a ploy to
have me leave -r in other words I sensed
that he was trying to scare me out so his
family would not pressure him.”she said
in a statement dated Nov. 21.
I am here out. of deep concern for
Karl’ future and to protect his legitimate
s
right to be placed on the Penobscot list, as
was his father's wish. Clearly both Karl
and I are both eligible and qualified," Shay
stated.
Love, however, said Shay’ chances of
s
adoption into the Penobscot tribe are very
slim because of her adversary position
with tribal leadership.
Love said the tribe had rented a cabin at
a Milford motel for Shay and her son.
"W e’ going to pay for it for a few days,
re
and after that, that’it." he said.
s
Shay said that at first. Patrick Shay’
s
son, Timothy Shay, cooperated with her.
but later apparently testified against her,
behind closed doors. The younger Shay
also reportedly smashed the windows of a
car parked at the Shay residence.
Shay was angry that he had not been
given the car, as was the understanding,
according to Love.
Shay claims other damaging testimony
came from Lawrence Shay and Emma
Francis, both Penobscot relatives of
Patrick Shay.
Just prior to his death. June 4, Patrick
Shay named his wife executrix, and
revoked all prior wills, Isabelle Shay
claims. She said that in tribal court, she
was tried as a Penobscot, but denied a
Penobscot’rights.
s
At a court session several months ago,
covered by this newspaper, tribal Judge
Andrew Mead stated, “
there will be no
attempt to legally oust her," and he
expressed hope there would be no “
con
frontation" in this “
volatile situation.”
At that point, Timothy Shay had
apparently given written permission for
Isabelle Shay to stay in the house, and
Beverly Spencer o f Old Town, represent
ing Emma Francis and other heirs, said “
I
moved for dismissal because it appears
the son has at least one-seventh interest.”
Spencer said he wanted to “
work out
differences.”Judge Mead dismissed the
case.
Paul Zendzian, representing Isabelle
Shay, commented, “ certainly hope that
I
the parties resolve the dispute between
them selves in an amicable manner that
will be to the satisfaction of all parties,
and that ultimately if the court is to be
someday faced with this question of life
estates ... that it’a neat, clean, straight
s
definition of sole ownership.”
On Nov. 6, Judge Mead signed an order
of removal, giving Isabelle Toney Shay 15
days to leave the reservation, or face a
$100 line, or up to a 60 day jail sentence.
“
Let it be known that I am and always
have been willing to com prom ise,”Shay
wrote. Her conditions are as follows:
I will leave voluntarily only on these
conditions.
1 ThaL a Genera! Meeting is called
.
with the Lt. Governor presiding as
chairman since Gov. Love is biased due
to extrem e family pressures.
2. Traditional customs in tribal
courts be learned by lawyers repre
senting native people, and that Legal
representation be provided for those
wishing it before tribal governments.
3. ThaL I will trade the Shay’
s
residence for a home o f my own so that
I am not sentenced to live out my life
estate shuffling from one family’ attic
s
to another family's basement. This will
make me a parasite and my goal in life
is to be a productive and creative
m em ber of society.
4. That the census com m ittee review
my eligibility to becom e a tribal
m em ber without prejudice or tribal
discrimination.
5. That my son's life estate is not
jeopardized by Gov. Love’ruling.
s
8. Laws regarding surviving spouses
be clearly outlined so that their harass
ment cease forever!
7. A committee be set up to protect
children’legal inheritance.
s
Council turns down
Dr. Baumann-Neison
INDIAN ISLAND — Dr. Eunice Baumann-Nelson, terminated several months
ago as director of tribal health and social
services, narrowly lost a bid to have her
case reviewed.
A Penobscot, Baumann-Neison came
before the Penobscot tribal council recent
ly to plead her case, along with Denise
Mitchell, who lost her job as deputy
administrator in the health center.
The two women lost their jo b s in a
dispute with the late Gov. Wilfred
Pehrson and the tribal council. The
dispute concerned authority, payments
for travel expenses, and confidentiality of
clients.
In the recent’
meeting, the council voted
to reconsider the matter, after BaumannNeison promised she would drop charges
in tribal court if she was offered her job
back. She said she would waive lost pay.
But the following evening, after hearing
additional evidence, the tribal council
voted not to reconsider the case. Alan
Sanborn, former medical records clerk for
the health center, was hired as director
under a reorganized management plan.
In the wake of this action, BaumannNeison told Wabanaki Alliance she would
continue to fight for her job through tribal
court. She and Mitchell have won a finding
from Maine Human Rights Commission
that they were subject to jo b discrimina
tion.
CAN’ FIND A JOB?
T
Try the
JOB CORPS
Would you like to be trained as a ...
Bookkeeper
Secretary/SLenographer
Clerk Typist
Nursing Assistant
If you are 16 to 21 and not in school,
the Penobscot Job Corps Center has
training programs which may be of
interest to you.
The Penobscot Job Corps Center
provides all trainees with a place to
live, meals, health care and a cash
monthly stipend while you learn. And
when you finish, we'll also help you
find a job.
SOUND GOOD?
IT IS GOOD.
MICMAC READERS — These youngsters at Eskasoni Reserve, Cape Breton, Nova
Scotia, pause on their motorbikes to catch up on the news.
ASK FOR JOB CORPS
—in the Portland area—775-7225
—in the Auburn area—786-4190
—in the Bangor area—947-0755
—or toll free anywhere in Maine
at 1-800-432-7307
ASK FOR
JOB CORPS RECRUITM ENT
�Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980
Page 9
Ambulance corps ready
to serve community
New Pleasant Point Police Chief Don Lem os looks over ambulance with Mary Graham,
in charge of ambulance service.
New police chief enthusiastic
PLEASANT POIN T - Newly hired
tribal Police Chief Don Lem os thinks
“
people have got to understand law en
forcement,”before they can be expected
to abide by tribal laws.
In his administration of the force,
Lemos, who lives in Eastport, hopes to
help tribal members see the need and
benefit of good law enforcement. A native
of New Bedford, Mass., Lemos attended
the University of Kansas, and graduated
from University of Maine at Presque Isle.
Rights panel rules
on Isaac case
M IL L IN O C K E T — M aine Human
Rights Commission has found reasonable
grounds for alleging unlawful discrimina
tion, in the case of Mary Francis Isaac, a
Penobscot who claimed she was harassed
and subjected to an unfair job transfer.
Last year, Isaac was transferred from
her job as Millinocket town office bookkeeper/payroll clerk, to secretary for the
public works department.
Isaac contacted the commission in
October 1979, filing a complaint alleging
discrimination on the part of Town
Manager William Ayoob.
In Isaac's case, the commission stated
that slurs and other remarks Ayoob made,
in reference to Isaac’ Indian heritage,
s
constituted reasonable grounds to believe
that unlawful discrimination has occurred.
A solution through negotiation with the
town was recommended.
Fellow town em ployee Sally Boutaugh
— who also filed a complaint — won a job
as Ayoob’ executive secretary. She ac
s
cepted the position. Boutaugh successfully
alleged she was abruptly transferred from
the secretary job to fill Isaac’ slot as
s
bookkeeper, without required interview.
The commission said such action violated a
code of fair practice and affirmative
action.
Houlton Band joins TGI
ORONO — The newly formed Houlton
Band of Maliseets. slated to receive 5,000
acres in the land claims settlement, has
joined Tribal Governors Inc., according
to TGI director Allen J. Sockabasin.
Also joining — after quitting for a
period of several months — is the Penob
scot Nation at Indian -Island. TGI is a
lobbying and funding agency for Maine
Indians, with tribal representatives serv
ing on a board of directors.
The Houlton Band is party to the $81.5
million settlem ent of Penobscot-Passamaquoddy claims. The tribes originally'
sought return of 12.5 million acres.
He started in the ch iefs slot about a
month ago. His comment: “ love it.”
I
Lem os has started off with a “
safe street
campaign," and has other ideas. Since
Pleasant Point Passam aquoddys now have
their own court system, Lem os spent two
days at a U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs
seminar on tribal law, in Washington, D.C.
Lem os said he has spent many years as
a criminal investigator, and has also
worked in alcoholic rehabilitation. Al
ready he has earned a “
good guy”reputa
tion by buying a sandwich for those
persons arrested. He said he will treat
people well, as long as they respect police.
Lem os worked two years, from guard to
associate warden, at Mississippi State
Prison. He has ordered bunks for the
reservation’tw o holding cells.
s
Along with new procedures, Lemos
plans intensive training within the de
partment, new equipment such as camera
and fingerprint kit, and a new cruiser.
The department includes six regular
officers, a secretary/clerk, and six dis
patchers. W orking with Lem os are, Sgt.
Don Rice, Lt. Gilbert Tomah, Karl
Richter, Dick Sockabasin and Francis
Sapiel, Jr.
Arson probed
PLEASAN T POINT - A fire Nov. 5
gutted the large residence here of Joseph
Mitchell. The state fire marshall’ office
s
has ruled arson in the case, and Police
Chief Don Lem os said he anticipated an
arrest. An insurance adjustor for the
Pleasant Point housing authority said,
after his investigation, he had "no idea”
of
the estimated dam age to the property,
located across the street from the fire
house.
M o rey on task force
ORONO — Freeman Morey, an out
reach worker for Central Maine Indian
Association, was named recently to mem
bership on the Governor’ task force on
s
foster care. Morey was asked to join the
newly formed com m ittee by Michael R.
Petit, com missioner of Maine Department
o f Human Services.
A $ 1 ,5 0 0 payoff
The Northern Cheyenne tribe of Mon
tana is waiting for a $6 million dollar
payment from ARCO Company for rights
to explore for oil and gas on the reserva
tion. This money will be disbursed to
tribal m em bers who will each receive
$1,500.
PLEASAN T POINT - Passamaquoddy
Ambulance Corps, a volunteer organiza
tion, is fully equipped and ready to serve
the residents of Pleasant Point and
surrounding communities.
The corps is headed by Mary Graham,
who holds a degree in nursing, is a
registered em ergency medical technician
(EMT), with 12 years’
experience. She has
co-ordinated extensive training programs,
such as Crash Injury Management, with
assistance of various doctors in the
immediate area.
The crash injury course consists of:
Overview of body and diagnostic signs.
Burns and exposure to heat and cold.
Air way care and pulmonary resuscita
tion.
Poison ingestion and drug abuse.
Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation.
Shock, bleeding and soft tissue injuries.
Fractures and dislocations.
Injuries to skull, spine, chest and pelvis.
Patient handling.
Patient exam and triage (protocol).
Heart attack, stroke, diabetes and
epilepsy.
E m ergency childbirth.
Accident scene.
Gaining access to patient.
Field training I and II. This extends to
140 hours the state requirem ents of 40
hours.
The graduates
Commencement was held Aug. 8, at the
office of tribal Gov. Robert. Newell, with
Lt. Gov. Clive Dore presenting diplomas
to the following:
Joseph S. Nicholas, Alberta Francis
LPN, Melvina Francis, Mary L. Barnes,
Jo-An Moore LPN. and Robert Mendoza,
all of Pleasant Point.
Guests present at the cerem onies were:
Hazel Dana, tribal nurse: Dr. Devlin,
Eastport Health Care; Cozy Nicholas,
Board of Directors: Brother Larry Smith,
cle rg y / a d v iso r: M adonna Soctom ah.
Health Services; Judy Morang, chair
person Board of Directors; Valerie Emery,
Court Administrator.
The Pleasant Point Ambulance Corps
wishes to especially thank Dr. French,
M.D., Paul Claroni, PA, and William
Young, PA, for their concern and partici
pation, and continuing support of Mary
Graham, in establishing training, and up
grading the corps m em bers’
skills.
Additional thanks are due to the
Pleasant Point Health Committee for
obtaining portable radios for the corps to
use as standby for volunteers, Graham
said.
M ig ra n t harvesters
Sherman Beattie, left, and Maj'nard Poulette, w ere hitch-hiking from blueberry fields
downeast, to potato harvest up north, when Allen Sockabasin, Passamaquoddy, picked
them up this fall near Bangor and bought them lunch. Beattie, 26, is an Ojibway from
Long Plains Reserve, Manitoba. Poulette, 21, is a Micmac from Eskasoni, Cape Breton.
Nova Scotia. “ I ge t enough money I’ goin g to m aybe buy a car," Poulette said.
If
m
Indian Program
SOCIAL WORK AND COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, is interested in
applications from American Indian students and human service w orkers for the
degree of:
M ASTER OF SOCIAL WORK
Fall of 1981
(Applications Accepted until February 1.1981)
With the passage of the Indian Child Welfare Act and with the prom ise of Public
Law 93-638, the Indian Self-Determination Act, Indian Professionals are needed
to work among Indian populations on reservations, in rural and urban areas.
The School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley beginning in
1981, will offer a M aster’D egree program of instruction and field training geared
s
to the needs and concerns of Indian populations.
For information please contact:
Elaine Walbroek
School of Social Welfare
120 I-Iaviland Hall
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720
(415)642-3228 (call collect)
Applicants must have a bachelor's degree and an acceptable undergraduate grade
point average. Financial assistance is available for those accepted to the program.
�BlO
Wabanaki Alliance December 1980
Book
Nook
>enobscot Children and Their World
By The Children of Indian Island
ehool. Copyright 1980, Indian Island
ehool Committee. Printed by Old
'own/Orono Times. 100 pages.
Bv Steve Cartwright
Inless you hale children, I guarantee
i will find pleasure in reading a book
lpo.sed entirely of the writing, photophs and graphics of Penobscot Indian
tils at the Indian Island elementary
som.’
That is how one little girl got her
Clarence Francis, flanked by wife, Violet, and Lawrence [Billy] Shay of Indian Islan
name, and later that became her clan’
s
name. So it was with many tribes and
peoples long ago."
In another section, “
Their W ords of
Wisdom,”
students interviewed two elder
ly Penobscot women, Grace Nicola and
Evelyn (Madas) Sapiel.
INDIAN ISLAND — The co-founder of
Clarence Francis said he had one sli
Students wrote: “ the olden days the the Alcoholics Anonymous chapter here,
In
several years after he gave up the bottli
children spent m ost of their time helping Clarence Francis, has been named to the
He drank less than two beers, and the
the elders for ju st a couple of pennies (or state Board of Registration of Substance
doesn't remember a thing for several daj
even for free!). They would ‘
pick rocks,’ Abuse Counselors.
afterward. He knows he must hav
Francis, a Penobscot, was sworn in, this
plant and dig potatoes, weed lettuce, and
consumed a great deal o f liquor. That w;
dig berries. They also chopped wood and month, at Superior Court in Bangor. The
the only relapse.
brought it in for the fire. And when they newly-formed panel, which will review
Clarence, 69, and Violet, 74, helpt
weren’ working they would spent their and license counselors across the state,
t
start the Senior Citizens organization
time playing gam es together that they which held its first m eeting Nov. 13, in
Indian Island, and Violet is a pa
made up and ‘
invented’
parts for them Winthrop. The appointment expires Jan
president.
selves.”
uary 1983.
Clarence can recall working as a wati
An accurate, informative chapter on
Francis said he firmly believes in the
boy for the Bangor and Aroostook Ra
animal tracks and tracking follows, with need to set standards for alcoholism and
road, earning 25 cents per hour. Later 1
drug abuse counseling. “
That’ the idea,” was promoted. "W e laid steel (track) fro
s
paw prints so you could use it as a guide.
get
s
The student authors and publishers got he said, “ som eone in who’goin g to do
Northern Maine Junction right throug
a first hand lesson in the printing business the job, not ju st someone who puts in a
clear to Medway, and down as far :
from David Wollstadt, publisher of The couple of hours for the pay envelope.”
Prospect.”
By, 1982. all official substance abuse
Old Town/Orono Times, and printer of
He worked at Moose River sh<
their book. Sister Theresa said Wollstadt counselors in Maine will have to be
company in Bangor, as a handsewer, ai
licensed by the state.
was generous and helpful.
he worked in M assachusetts shoe shop
Wabanaki Corporation o f Orono, an
Another generous soul was Dr. Edward
He served 39 months in the U.S. A
(Sandy) Ives, who heads the Northeast agency offering such counseling to In Force, much of that time in the Europe;
first section deals with "Our Legends
dians, has provisional certification.
Archives of Folklore at University of
theater. World War II. He married Viol
Stories," and Lee Ann DeCora relates
Maine at Orono. A note of gratitude says
With his wife, Violet, Francis founded
in 1947, in Milford. Later he did woo
r it was years ago: “
The bridge wasn’ Ives "helped in teaching us som e tricks of the local AA chapter 21 years ago this
t
cutting and other jobs.
? then, and the river was clean. But
the trade of interviewing.”
month. At the time, the only other chapter
They have one step-daughter, Nan<
l the bride came and other things
The first publication of this book was was in Brewer, where the Francis’
Loring.
first
iged. Some of the new things are good
supported by a one time grant, so un joined the organization at the suggestion
I am glad we have them. But when I
fortunately, we may not have a volume II of Tom Shay, a Penobscot living in the
* stories of what the children did, I
this year. Let’ hope the school finds a Boston area.
s
Half W ay House Directoi
i I could bo like Lee and Lyle in my
way to make this a continuing project. The
As Clarence recalls a day m ore than two
greatest current problem for outsiders decades ago, “ (Shay) came dressed up
He
A half way house program for reco^
'rites Susan Thompson, below an
interested in the book is that copies were like a minister in his little car. I .was still
ering Indian alcoholics requires dire'
'opriate illustration (a line drawing by
distributed to all tribal members, and ossified, and my wife was going to commit
tor immediately.
ie Knapp): “
There was once a very
unless there is a reprinting, the book is herself to the state hospital. W e w ere
Applicants should have experience i
ly little girl who ate lots and lots of
essentially already out of print.
bankrupt in every way, financially, moral
half way house administration an
wberries when they first started to
Sister Theresa said interested persons ly ...”
counseling techniques, and have
som. Since everyone always saw her
may contact the school about the book, but
The couple has helped dozens of people
familiarity with Indian culture.
mong the strawberry blossoms, they
at this point, there are no plans for a since then, through the AA group, that
Salary negotiable.
ded to name her ‘
Strawberry Blos
second printing.
m eets every Friday, 8 p.m., at St. Ann’
s
Send resum e to:
Church rectory.
Clif Saunders
“ s made us feel that it’ beginning to
It’
s
Executive Director
pay off,”
said Violet Francis, who says she
B o s t o n In d ia n C o u n c il
still sees alcoholism as one of the most
105 South Huntington Avenue
destructive forces on the reservation. She
Jamaica Plain, Mass. 02130
spoke of “
miracle cases;”
people who have
rebuilt their lives after the ravages of
drink.
Maine has many bears in its woods. And we have some bears
Well aware o f pitfalls, Violet said “
there
ight here on Indian Island. But we do not have as many as they
is no guarantee" of sobriety, but “ don’
I
t
miss it, I don’ hanker for it.”Everyone I
t
id years ago because there are so many people living here now.
ALCOHOLISM COUNSELOR
has problems, and “ re m ore able to I An individual to serve Native Amer
we’
besides, people have hunted the bear for meat and furs for
think them out sober.”
■cans and others in the Southern Main
'he students, guided (but not bossed)
teachers David Thibodeau and Sister
•
resa Rand, have created a delicious
.bound volume that is a mixture of
mds, anecdotes and poems; lavishly
United by young artists. Som e stories,
ie pictures, are better than others —
’
laying definite budding talent — but
efforts in the collection are sincere,
■ and touching.
m
'he students’
names form a proud list at
end of the book, and it is clear m ost of
m took an active part in production.
>t of the work in the book is identified
author. Keane Francis, Jamie Knapp
John King w ere especially hard
kers on the project.
he students’
book is dedicated to their
l community, Indian Island, and that
dty and pride shine through on 100
es. The reader realizes that these kids
>y their heritage and are comfortable
jg Indians with a past and a future,
he Penobscot youngsters deserve to
e their book compared to the work of
it W igginton and the “
Foxfire" series,
ch consist of researching, interviewing
explaining regional culture and dia-
Island man on abuse fean
y"
Bears
undreds of years.
The thing I like to think about when I think of bears is what it
lust be like to hibernate. Some people say bears sleep all winter
nd never wake up until spring. But other people say they do
m ----------------------- -m
DAY CARE HEAD TEACHER
Passamaquoddy Indian Day Care
Princeton Maine Center
I area (York, Cumberland, Oxford, A j
■droscoggin, Sagadahoc, and Lincol
I Counties) with emphasis on the greatt
| Portland Metorpolitan area. Nath
■American background and Maine Stal
�Wabanaki Alliance D ecem ber 1980
Page 1
1
Hints for Health
Poetry
By Dr. Fenn Welch
Penobscot Health & Social Services
Priceless Peace
hJof
Beauty so much around us
And over the hilltops here
Where could a man g o farther
And find a peace m ore true?
Info a city, into a crowd
Into the smoke filled alleys
Out and out some m ore until
Somcthere the heart will rally.
c<3^ p e
1
\j o o
A Song
I am singing to myself.
And, I am hearing the birds sing to me.
I am walking through the woods
to see if I can find som e raccoons.
Like as a pill or a long lost one
To a dying man the woods m ust com t
Bringing thence to the heartsick soul
A peace more rare than a white man’gold.
s
There they are!"
I am goin g to g e t them.
Oh, they got away!
For gold won't heal and a peace well sought
Will bring to the soul a quiet lot
Of the woods, the flowers, a Liny brook
Where few men where God will look.
What do I hear?
I hear my drums!
I have to go now —
To the son g of my drum.
The handwork of a saint above
Where we may rest and know w e’ loved
re
Where we may well find peace and rest
Whatever we are, we know tis blest
To us mankind.
-the
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I am home!
Shannon Sapiel
D. D’ boise
Am
THAT EVENING___
v.
Mills: Olympics to life insurance
SACRAMENTO, Calif. — Billy Mills, a
Sioux Indian raised on a reservation in
South Dakota, was born into a family
tenaciously holding onto its pride and
dignity despite the day-to-day stru ggle for
existence.
Billy lost both parents by the tim e he
was 13 and was education at a BIA
boarding school. He carried with him the
memory of his father as a sym bol of
dignity. Billy received an athletic schol
arship to University of Kansas w here he
graduated in physical education in 1962.
Mills grew into manhood harboring a
desire to win for himself, as well as to win
recognition for his people. His deter
mination drove him to work in college to
qualify for the 1960 Olympic team in the
10,000-meter run. He failed to make it that
year but with renewed vigor he began
running 110 miles a week. In 1964 he
qualified for the Olympic team and
entered the race with a 1,000 to 1 chance
of winning.
Overcoming these odds, Billy went on to
create an upset in Olympic Game history.
He was not only the first American Indian,
but the first American ever to win a Gold
Medal in the 10,000 m eter race. Billy is
still the only American to have won that
honor.
Mills was a m em ber of the com m ittee
for the 1968 and 1972 Olympic Games. He
is currently a m em ber of the President’
s
Council on Physical Fitness.
Mills has given som e time and energy to
guiding the developm ent of the Indian
youth. He has been in community services
of various types and is a m em ber of the
public speakers bureau of Sports Illus
trated. He has addressed diverse audi
ences on business, governm ent and aca
demic matters, Indian associations, tribal
governm ents and religious groups. A
gymnasium and a Post Office building in
Pine Ridge, South Dakota have been
named after Mills.
Mills has traveled in the U.S., Canada.
South America, W estern and Eastern
Europe, Russia, Scandinavia and Japan.
He served in the U.S. Marine Corps.
Mills is now a life insurance underwriter
for Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance
Company and lives in Sacramento, Cali
fornia with his wife and their three
daughters.
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
Owned Homes For Sale
in Washington County
Equal Housing
OPPORTUNITY
Main Sfcfeet, Baring, Maine
3 bedroom, 2-car garage — $28,500.00 —
$500.00 D.P.
9 Academy Street, Calais, Maine
4 bedroom, ready to m ove into. Reduced to
$28,500.00 — $500.00 D.P.
Summer Street, Calais, Maine
4 bedroom, new heating system —
$22,900.00 — $500.00 D.P.
Indian Way
By William B. Newell
EDITOR’ NOTE: William B. Newell, a
S
Penobscot, resides at Indian Island. A
retired professor, he is contributing a
column on Indian ways.
In the field of science the American
Indians were especially clever. Zero was
invented a thousand years before the
Arabians came out within the Old World.
The calendar system of the Maya was far
superior to our own system and much
more accurate. The first people to develop
the decimal system represented in the
Quipu of the Peruvian w ere Indians. This
hundreds of years before the white man.
Metallurgy. They worked gold, silver,
and bronze better than any of the ancient
civilizations of the Old World. They w ere
the first to use and work platinum.
Arts and Crafts. The famous textiles of
the Peruvians have been recognized by
authorities as being the best the world has
ever seen. Authorities claim that no race
on earth made baskets as well as the Poma
and other Indian tribes of California. Their
beauty and technique excelled all others.
Agriculture. Irrigation, fertilizers, crop
rotation, and many other so-called modern
farming methods w ere practiced by the
intensive agriculturists of the Southwest
in the United States and Peru.
Masonry. The stone walls of Cuzco are
still as great a m ystery to us today as they
ever have been. W e do not know how the
stones w ere quarried and so well fitted
together.
Modern apartment buildings are much
like the Pubelo buildings of the Hopi and
Zuni Indians.
Chewing Gum.
Shaking Hands is ju st a good old Indian
custom.
32 Monroe Street, Calais, Maine
3 bedroom, priced for handyman —
$14,000.00 — no D.P.
Main Street, Princeton, Maine
ANYONE CAN BUY
YOU DON’ HAVE TO
T
BF. A VETERAN
See Your Local Real
Estate Broker Or
Contact
4 bedroom — attached garage. Reduce to
$27,500.00 — no D.P.
All VA financed
A t prevailing interest rates
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
i LOAN GUARANTY DIVISION
TOGUS, MAINE 04330
I Tel. 207-623-8411 Ext. 433
:
�
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Other
Dublin Core
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Date
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1980-12
Title
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<em>Wabanaki Alliance </em>(December 1980)
Creator
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Division of Indian Services, Indian Resource Center, Orono, ME
Rights
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<em></em>Used in consultation with Steven Cartwright, editor of the <em>Wabanaki Alliance</em>
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English
Type
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Document
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pdf
-
https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/f724ee8a1f04873f088516f17fcf8f5a.pdf
22a41c2406ab4407e9a31ca2aa166e52
PDF Text
Text
^imtie 98 / lestKi
1
Jatiuaty - PeLnaaiijr - MarcK / AfamU>0 - PiaBdagos - M^ntoka^
1998
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January - Ajamikos - (J^eeiitt^\^m4^\\>
FeLruary - PiaSdagos - FSljng Branch
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- Mozokas - Mo^e Hunting^ ''
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FranUin,
02038
' ^'G^tl^eiingfs - 199$
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4^%f#^|iing Gathering ./
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'rJUhe^13'-14RTO ,
vMt'Surjapee Stat#Park
x"; Route' 103
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IVSt. Sartapee, Nefv Hampshire../
^X^ter
In Winter
Spring
In Sprin^!
Council
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, ThtS'ls^Sl fuirpofeiie^l'^ter-tpbal pow wow that is
ofbelrig lield by^ur Band. ,|fative American Indian
' arti$ts and.aflisans will be by invitation only.
- Pehortnoi
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- Siguari\
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s-s-
- otguaniw.
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General \'^Me5^ef]^|iJp;
88 US atli|Q8) 528l||^9.
Meetings - 199^^%.
Sodai^az/n - holding a coU%4t''^"'
',Ou.f >RetJ.li|iv/IU3i^if%iII be the host sidgers for
the event T%«#|gife^^and infon]Qa!ion contact
^
6owasupk jBafi'€fes&j0&me.&^athering
guly 11-12‘t998 oIi|iill^9,1998
Goshertt'New Hajnp^
Council me^ifi'^.^j^^;Sc|eduM.W'lh© second i
Sunday of the month'fro^^ji90s^^,^00ivp*m;'
. 'This is a Bai|^|;pg^^^^^j0fl§^Wne woods, no
•• formal pow wbWlicti^M^Hr vendor trading will be
The following is a revised and tentative schedule < ' done during the weekend^ Camping arrangements
for 1998: April 19, Miy 10, June 14, July 12, \1 must be made in advance! contact us at (508) 528August>9s«Septembeife>t|| October 11, Novembers,' ' 7629 for information andpMs!'""
.....
^T/lanviIie Settlers Day
Generi-I^^gibership meetings will be held on the?.' . 'September 19-20,1998
MVia^Hi^jSpArtemen’s’s Club
ManviIle,1M||Rde Island
members.
m
BIThis is a public French and Indian 11istorica|pmd
Th||ollowing is a tentative schedule for 1998: ApriU cultural event, no formal^pow wow activiti;q|tare
25?|iay 23. June..j^iJ.u.ly, 25,..aiii:..August
I planned* Our peopJe^%§j;.:,;making a plural
Sepf§|nbe^49iiiCMobe'r'1'^.lloverrtbar 2J.^ and .. piesehtation 'and bur Red Hawt'Drum'^svill be
Decefti|f.19.
'
'V$in'ging_at„the event. ....FQL„jb.f£#i^ns and
We advise to'^calHn'advance tb^cbhffrfn^meettng ' infoimaton contact to at<566pii8^T629.
dates and details*'{508> 523-7629.
^
. Cov^a^iick Fas Gathering''.
,
September 26-27,1998 or October
Circle
%
Goshen, New Hampshire
or Franklin, Masssachusetts.
Ttw^omen's Circle will continue to meet on the
m
w
(Depending on prevailing weather cq|^ditions)Mi
S||urday 0'^pst to the new Moon of each month
m
frf|i 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. or later. Some
This is a Band family gathering^ no formal |sw
m^|ings m|Poe held during gathering events as
wow activities or vendor trading will f^pbne dpng
welrl^tti^^fice is limited, please call for meeting
the weekend. Camping arrangeml|i^^dit be
infonrilfbn - contact Linda Pouliot at our tribal
made in advance, contact us at (508) 518-7629 for
headquarters.
information and details.
�Aln8li.ll: N'cwi
Inruary *
,i,
fA}(aniho^ * PictSdago^ • Mosoka^ 1998 Bi^e-2
<. <
Wrentham Arts and Cultural Festival
October 3-4 1998
Wrentham State School (off Route 1 A)
Wrentham, Massachusetts
This is a major arts and cultural public event that is
being sponsored by the Town of Wrentham. The
special focus of the event will be centered on the
lives and ways of the colonial settlers and native
people of New England in the 1600's.
Native American Indian artists and artisans that
demonstrate their skills and arts will be invited to
participate as well as high level artists and antique
dealers. Colonial period English and French re
enactment groups and traders are also invited.
The weekend is not planned as a fornial pow wow.
Art and cultural demonstrations, singing, and
dancing will be held each day. Our Red Hawk
Drum will be the host singers for the Native
American portion of the event. All native dancers
are invited to help educate through their
participation. Historically accurate dress is being
asked for all participants. For details, directions,^
and information contact us at (508) 528-7629.
Native Words By; Ed Wkere Eagles Fly
and got progressively sicker. She requested to
have a Native American Indian memorial
ceremony upon her passing-over. Our Sag8mo,
Paul Pouliot was requested to be the celebrant for
her memonal. She was given honors with prayers,
pipe ceremonies, gifts, and drumming. Many of us
that knew her will miss her in this time.
Prayers For Our Relations
During the last few months we lost several of our
People to old age and sickness and many have
become ill. We ask that you pray for all of our
relations in their time of need.
Please prayer for our sick: Ed “Where Eagles Fly”
Orlowski, Shannon Nickles, Harry Bears, Jackie
“Firewoman” Emerton, and many other unnamed
family members.
Remember those that have recently passed-on:
John "Slow Turtle” Peters, John “Spirit Walker”
Steeves, and Marie Louise Schofield.
TriLal Actions and Government
Citizen ^ Memterskip Policy
Those who live on earth, walk on earth. Those-who live in
spirit, walk in spirit.
In the last issue of the newsletter, the Tribal
Council requested that the membership take a
more active financial role to support the Band. A
donation fee for senrices schedule was proposed
and will now be implemented, effective May 1,
1998;
Marie Louise (Morin) Sckofield -
Free Service -
Passes On
Citizenship and Membership is free to all qualifying
individuals and families.
On going to visit Creator, we take along too much baggage,
that It takes all our strength to carry!, and no time to visit. As
in death, come as you are!, and leave all else behind.
Marie Louise (Morin) Schofield, 50, passed-on
January 4th. Memorial services were held on
January 6-7 in Auburn, Massachusetts. She left
many relations - husband Guy, sons Scott and
Brian, and her father Louis Morin.
Marie was one of our active tribal members that
was doing extensive research about her family
history. Her love for finding family information was
inspiring. She did most of her work by intenriewing
relatives and going into church records. Marie
found numerous family inter-relations that made
her one of our tribal family. She was also active in
native issues in the Worcester area and was a
crafter of native items.
Marie was diagnosed with cancer late last year
A Band number is assigned to each new individual
family member and a letter is sent to them to
acknowledge their status. This letter has a five
year expiration date.
It will be their responsibility to notify the Band
about address and family changes. Those that fail
to notify or re-confirm their status every five years
will be removed from the records after notification
is posted in the AlnStafc News © newsletter.
Tribal Identification Cards Those citizens and members that wish to have a
tribal identification card will be issued or re-issued
cards at a donation fee of $2 each (to cover
�AliiStaU Netth "
JaiiiKirv -
f
materials, laminating, and postage). All cards will
have a 5 year expiration period.
renewal process on schedule.
The primary
objective is to purge as many of the older cards as
possible.
Newsletter The
AlnStat News © is distributed by
subscription, the suggested donation fee is $5 per
year. New tribal members will receive one free
copy of the newsletter.
Notice: At this time we are reviewing all family
records. Many need to be updated and some family
groups will be requested to submit additional
records to remain on the tribal rolls. Please
consider this notice as an advanced warning to
check your famiiy records and to be prepared.
Artisan Certificates -
>■ Tribal Goals - Programs
Those citizens and members that wish to be
recognized as an artisan will be issued or re
issued certificates for a donation fee of $5 each.
This applies only to those individuals that qualify
and have proven to create, promote, or exhibit arts
and crafts that are indicative of our People. All
certificates have a 5 year expiration period.
During our February Tribal Council meeting a
detailed time schedule and outline of proposed
goals and programs was presented for the year.
The following is a brief summary of the proposed
items:
Waived Fees -
►
*•
►
►
Any one that is not able or willing to make a
donation for any of the items as outlined may
request that the donation fees be waived.
>- Missing Members
No new members are missing (moved - address
unknown) during this last report period.
>- Family Researdi Project
Fund Raising & Grants.
Legislative Activities.
Membership Services & Records.
Educational and Cultural.
• Library & Resources.
• Language & Music.
• Public Presentations.
• Newsletter & Website.
• Videos.
► Food Pantry Operations.
Native
By: Ed Wkere Eagles Fly
As the tree grew and experienced the seasons, it changed we too, experience the seasons, and grow, and change.
We continue to receive family information and oral
family stories from many of our tribal families. We
encourage you to continue your own famiiy
research for records, pictures, stories, and oral
traditions. All information should be submitted to
tribal headquarters at COWASS North America,
P.O. Box 554, Franklin, MA 02038.
The teachings we have within us, are out of sight to all, but
the Creator, who allows us to walk this earth.
>■ Computer Communication
When we have all the material things of life taken from us we
still have the ability to sing!! Death of materialism has kissed
us but not death of the spirit.
The “Intemef is an important communication link
between our tribal people and the outside world.
Members and interested outside parties can notify
us through Bob Nordin at; bnordin622@aol.com
It is so right to partake life and a blessing to share it with
another. Our children come into life, just to find or discover
God. Nothing else really matters!!
>■ Tribal identification Cards
The new tribai card renewai system has.started.
Aii cards issued before December 1992 are being
repiaced over the next several months until the
backlog is cleared. Cards due for renewal during
1998 should also be processed during the year.
By the end of the year we hope to have the card
Silence can be all the colors of the rainbow, or just one of
them.
Every speck of light we see in the Milky Way KtakoswSdi
casts a shadow.
Finding lifbur Roots
For those of you that are looking for genealogy
resource materials we offer the following
suggested source:
The Everton’s Genealogical Helper magazine is a
good resource guide to direct you to other
genealogical information sources, such as book.
�AlnSt>ali Newp@ 9S*1 January « FeJjniaiy ♦ Maar<j1i fAfamiUt^s - PiaSAapQg * Mosetkos 1998 Rigf-4
i'
computer, and microfilm record suppliers. The
magazine is not a glossy picture type layout but it
is usually 200+ pages of information and
advertisements. A six issue subscription costs
$21. For telephone orders - (800) 443-6325.
for government development (minerals, mining, oil,
lumber, waste disposal, etc.), take control ot
gambling, keep the remaining Indians on public
welfare, and tax the tribes with business interests
and those that are working.
Everton’s Genealogical Helper
P.O. Box 368
Logan. UT 84323-0368
The time is right for the government to finally
eliminate us on paper. The other racial “minorities”
are hardly minorities anymore. They represent
large percentages of people in the major cities and
urban areas and as a result are a political force to
recognize. Furthermore, these groups need no
lengthy government determination process to
prove their existence.
Bd'itoxial - ‘ *Cowtoys & Intlians & Indians”
The federal and state governments continue to
play the old game of “Cowboys & Indians” - ta
divide us for elimination and assimilation through
various laws, rules, and regulations. The president
and other congressional leaders of both parties
want to eliminate or dramatically restrict the racial
designation of the Native American Indian or
indigenous.people.
Under several
proposals,
future
census
information and government programs will attempt
to limit and redefine racial categories.
For American Indians or Alaskan Natives you have
to have origins in any of the original peoples of
Nortii, Central or South America, and maintain
tribal affiliation or community attachment. For
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander you have
to originate from the original peoples of Hawaii,
Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Island.
On the surface this seems to be acceptable, but
tribal groups that have established “blood
quantum” requirements with the BIA have set a
definable end to their existence as their people
marry outside of their tribe. The children of mixed
parents (from different tribes or other races) have
reduced blood quantum, as a result future
generations will eventually fall outside the blood
requirements. - Over time even strong native blood
lines from mixed tribal groups will not be classified
as American Indians.
The new’philosophy is based on the government
belief or determination that there are very few “fullblooded” Indians left - therefore no tribal
governments, etc. Behind this issue is the politics
of big business and money.
If the Indian tribes (and the BIA) can be eliminated
so can the long standing treaties and other
agreements for land. The net result being sought
is to eliminate sovereign status, take back lands
As Native Americans we are required to prove our
blood quantum, tribal government, tribal history,
original land base, etc. etc. To add to our mutual
problems our own native people work against one
another as they seek to be recognized. To the
government our numbers are not and will never
increase to the level of importance that other
“minorities” hold in this country.
To add to our poor showing we continue to back
bite one another to make sacrifices to save our
own diminishing status. We as a people continue
to let them divide us and fight against one another.
We will never learn to work in unity to survive. Our
final days as a distinct People may be here.
If you find it difficult to believe or understand the
native situation, just look at what is going on in our
home state of Massachusetts.
During Thanksgiving Day a “street-riof in
Plymouth resulted with several Native women,
elders, and children being roughed-up and
“pepper-sprayed.” The locals over-reacted for
“crowd control” and to protect the public from the
“lawless Indians” that didn’t have a permit to be
there.
The outright and flagrant racial
discrimination that was exhibited by the town of
Plymouth, their officials, police, state police, state
representatives, and business community was a
disgrace to all mankind.
Even within the native community we have serious
problems. For years the Indian Commission has
been working against our Band and the Abenaki
People in general. The fact that they did this to us
was a violation of their primaiy purpose of
existence - to assist all people of American
Indian descent that are resident in the state.
Note: For copies of the legislation that created the
�Massachusetts Commission of Indian Affairs - send a
self-addressed envelope with postage and we will send
you a copy. You will be interested to find out what the
commission was formed to do.
or great bean soup may have been called Kchi
Adebakwalasob or AdelbakwalSbo.
After years of operating within their own dosed
group, the Commission is in trouble due to
criticism from the
region’s divided and
argumentative native community. Drum beating
has been ongoing and cries to eiiminate; save, or
change the commission have been voiced in
various circles.
Years of frustration about
representation are now becoming a major struggle
where the politics related to the commission is.
getting dirty and bloody.
2 Cups (1#)
Mixed Beans , Peas, Lentils (as many
as you can find)
Pinto, Blackeye; Baby Lima, Small
White, Large Lima, Great Northern, Red
Kidney, Navy, Speckled Lima, Green
Baby Lima, Black Turtle, Pink, Green,
Yellow, Small Red, Split Green Pea,
Split Yellow Pea, Chick Pea, Lentil.
6 Cups
6 Cups
Cold Water for Soaking
Hot Water for Cooking
Optional -
For meat base and other flavors
2 Large
1 Bunch
1 Cup
Onions (cut into large pieces) or
Green Onions (cut into pieces) or
Mushrooms (sliced pieces)
6 Cups
1 -2 Cups
Chicken Broth (48 oz. Can) &
Chicken or Ham (small pieces)
To Taste
Salt and Pepper (Ziwan ta Dipwabel)
It is tragic that many of our regional problems now
come from within the native community. We are
in a new “manifest destiny” of the superior tribal
groups trying to eliminate or hold down non-BIA
native
groups
using
“white-history”
and
government laws. Native people turning against
one another stating that they have to follow “whitemles“ to survive. The truth being that they will
forfeit most of their “sovereign-rights” to get
gaming compacts. Now they are afraid that other
native groups, if recognized, may compete against
them in society.
Its great to live in a world where there are no limits
to how low people will go when money is at stake
- especially when it turns tribes and native families
against one another. There is no glowing words of
hope here - we will always be this way until our last
drop of blood is left to seep into Mother Earth. We
pose no threat to you - do what you please - if you
break the Circle it will end with you. 4/ay.
Let Us Eat & Drink - Micida ta Gadosmida
Many Bean Soup
Bean soup is another favorite meal at our
gatherings and meetings. There are several
Abenaki words for various soups but most of them
are influenced by the French or English words.
The strong influence by the Iroquois and their Com
Soup and the French Pea Soup m^ have over
shadowed the simple bean soups. Since beans*
dried and stored well they were probably a very
likely winter meal. Soup or “la soupe” in French is
Lasob in English the pea is Piz in Abenaki - pea
soup is PizSbo or Pizilasob. A broth is Kz8bo,
salty broth is ZiwanSbo, a stew is Lago, and com
soup is Ns8b8n. Bean(s) is Adebakwalso a many
Basic Recipe -
Choose as many bean and pea types as you like.
When measuring them out make sure you take a small
amount of each type.-1# or about 2 cups is not very
much. If you buy a dozen or more different types in 8
ounce packages yoii will have enough to make many
pots of soup. If you want to start small, you can buy a
pre-mixed package of beans. This takes the fun out of
finding as many as you can.
Put the beans, peas, and lentils in a large soup pot and
add 6 cups of cold water (enough to cover them) - cover
the pot and let them soak over night. In the morning
drain off the water and rinse.
You will now find that the beans have increased
considerably in volume. Add 6 cups of hot water and
bring the hnixture to a slow simmer. In alx)ut 2 hours
the soup will be ready. It reheats very well and as the
beans break down the soup gets thicker and better.
As a variation on the basic soup you'can add onions or
mushrooms, or meats such as chicken or ham. The 6
cups of water can also be changed to 6 cups of chicken
broth.
�Native
By: Ei Wtere Ea^es Fly
Awareness can be subtle, as waking up in the morning.
If you ever want to know what’s wrong with your kids - ask
your neighbor.
Creator always listens to us, but we don't always want to hear
or listen.
Power seekers will try to dissect your very spirit.
Plantain is an excellent cure for neuralgia. The
green seeds and stem can be boiled in milk and
used to stop diarriiea. The seeds were also used
for dropsy, epilepsy, and yellow jaundice. Various
teas, jellies, and juices have been made and
combined with other herts to deal with intestinal
pains, ulcers, spitting of blood, excessive
menstrual flow, inflamrpation of the intestines,
kidney - bladder problems and lumbar pains.
MeJicine Ba^ - Nehizon Mnoda
Plantain. - Swdiihagw
Plantain or Plantago major of the Plantaginaceae
family is also commonly called Ripple Grass or
Wagbread. There are over 200 species of this
family, but they are best known for the back-yard
variety of Plantain that can be found anywhere in
North America. It was originally from Europe but
was rapidly spread by the colonialists. Plantain is
a well used plant of history, known in ancient
European, Roman, Arabian, Persian, and Grecian
medicine. Our native families called it “White
Man’s Foof and the Abepiaki knew it as the road
sidQ plant.
All of the leaves radiate from the ground level base
of the plant. The leaves are dark green and ribbed
along the length. The flower stem which is
generally 6 to 12 inches long is smooth and stiff.
At the end of the stem is the flower head which is
studded with tiny four part dull white flowers. The
resulting seeds forrn a cylindrical column of small
round studs along the stem end.
The whole plant can be used a medicine both
internally and externally. It acts as an antiseptic,
astringent, diuretic, and alterative. The primary
solvent to be used is water. The dose is 1
teaspoon of Plantain to 1 cup of boiling water and
it appears to be acceptable to most people.
Native People used it for cooling, soothing and
healing. It was used for fresh or chronic wounds
and sores. The juice of the leaves can counteract
snake and poisonous insect bites.
Takd a
tablespoon of the juice every hour and at the same
time apply bruised or crushed leaves on the wound
area. If you are in the wild, chew a mouthful of
leaves suck the leaves and apply the chewed
leaves to the wound. A strong tea made of the
leaves and applied to the area - will also help with
external bleeding, erysipelas, ulcers, eczema,
bums, and scalds.
It is also good for scrofula, hemorrhoids, and
leucorrhoea.
A strong tea suppository of a
tablespoon or more taken several times a day will
help hemorrhoids. A feminine wash carr be made
using 2 tablespoons of Plantain to a pint of water boiled, cooled, strained and diluted with clean
water.
A tincture of the whole fresh plant and or root has
been used for many homoeopathic cures, the
following is a partial listing: ciliary neuralgia,
diabetes, diarrhpea, dysentery, earache, ear
inflammation, emissions, enuresis, erysipelas,
erythema, hemorrhoids, impotence, neuralgias of
herpes, polyuria, snake bites, pains in the spleen,
tobacco addiction, toothache, delayed urination,
worms, and wounds. An ointment is .made by
slowly boiling 2 ounces of granulated plant for 2
hours or more in 1 pint of soluble oil such as soy
bean, coconut, or peanut oil.
Plantain contains several minerals and vitamins
such as Vitamins C, K, and the blood clotting Tfactor.”
Glossary of terms used:
Decoction - an extract of a substance obtained by boiling.
Distillation - an extraction of the pure essence of a substance
by a process of evaporation and condensation.
Infusion - a dilute liquid extract resulting from the steeping of
a substance in water.
Tincture - a solution, usually in alcohol, of a medical
substance.
Cautionaiy Note - Everyone has different reactions, allergies,
or sensitivities to foods, herbs, plants, mushrooms,
�New»C> 98-1 Jamiaty - F^ljsruaigr ♦
medicines, etc. Always test your reaction to a new item by
minimal contact or very small dose. Do not attempt to use
any herbal medicine without first being assured that you can
use it safely. Remember, it took generations of our ancestors
to find out which herbs and plants were good for them. In the
same way we must re-leam atjd gain our own personal
experience to which things are to our benefit.
Native Words By: Ed Wliere Eagles Fly
Even the snow wazoU has to wait to be melted.
Yes, we ban compare our life to a bon-fire, even a candle!
The secret is to make sure our light has been spent, lighting
the darkness.
Mankind never stands so tall, as when it stoops to enlightetl
a child, in a good way.
Experience works something like this. We saw the bobcat,
but we couldn't hear it coming.
Animal Tiacks
Black Bear - Awassos - Ursus americanus
When we talk of Bears in the Northeast we are
referring to the Black Bear as opposed to the
Brown or Grizzly Bear family that is found in
western and northern areas such as the Rocky
Mountains. The Black Bear family is not always
black in color. This family includes the cinnamon
bear of the west and Canada, the bluish glacier
bear of Alaska and the rare white Kerrtiodes bear
of British Columbia.
Black Bears weigh between 200 to 600 pounds,
stand up to 6 feet tall when on their hind feet and
are 3-3’/^ feet at the shoulders when walking.
Females are smaller than males. The bears still
live in much of its* ancestral habitat which covers
the forested areas from the Arctic to Mexico. The
home ranges of the bear are variable, depending
on habitat,Tood, location, and age. Males may
need 5 to 200 square miles, whereas females may
need as little as 2 to 25 square miles.
Except for human hunters the bear has few natural
enemies and they are very adaptable. Although
they are omnivorous they prefer vegetable matter
to meat. At different times they eat everything from
berries, nuts, fruit, insects, fish, carrion, to
garbage. But, are also known to kill young deer,
elk, and caribou.
Bears survive in hostile environments by their
ability to “den” or hibernate up to 6 months of the
year. Dens vary widely: a shallow hollow in the
forest,floor; a brush pile; hollow log; rock crevice;
f MftmtltQS ^ ^aSdapo/f * Mmokaf 1998 3Ri^e-!7
or, under fallen or uprooted tree. In the summer
they may make a nest type sleeping arrangement
in a tree. During the denning times they do not
eat or drink and their breathing, heart rate, and
metabolism are reduced. By the time they become
active again in the spring they may lose 20-30% of
their original body weight.
Females breed every second year. They give birth
to 2 to 3 cubs during the denning period and nurse
them in this state of hibernation. The cubs stay
with the mother for the year and den with her
during the next winter. The second summer they
are driven off so that she can breed again that
year. If a bear encounters a person it will most
often flee, with the exception of a mother with
clubs that may take an offensive “response.
The bear’s front foot has a palm pad, heel pad, five
toes, and long nails. Unlike man, the small toe is
on the inside. When tracking bear the small toe
and heal pad may not show. The rear foot has ,a
palm pad, and a well established heal pad. The
heal pad may not show unless the bear is walking
slowly. Black bear tracks differ from the grizzly in
several ways. Their toes form an arc as opposed
to a straight line for the grizzly. The nail length of
the black bear is less that the toe length whereas
the grizzly nails are longer than the toes; The
space between the black bear tops is also wider
than the grizzly. Recognizing these differences is
very important. A grizzly bear will attack man and
an encounter with one should be avoided.
Forefeet -
Black
Grizzly
Toe Length
Nail Length
VA-m'
i3/i6-1%”
1%-214”
1%-2%”
NAIL
*
»
The bear’s walking pattern can be an alternating
gait, sometimes double registering and other times
direct registering. Registering means to leave
direct tracks for each foot or double register to
walk with the front to rear foot going in the same
track spot. More commonly the bear walks a 2-2
pattern; or the hind foot print oversteps the fore
�foot print. The walking strides are usually 18 to 28
inches, from rear tract to next rear track, and trail
widths are 814 to 1314 inches. Bear trails look like
simple well worn paths.
Bear signs include digs, tree stripping, marks, and
rubs, kill sites, and scat.
birth records. The legislation, 98H 7386 was co
signed by representatives Lanzt, Lima, Lopes, Fox,
and Williams. Our Rhode Island council asks for
all native people in the area to support this effort.
If we get this change made, many will be able to
officially declare their Native American Indian
heritage.
Bears dig for insects and buried, food, such as
beechnuts that are under newly fallen leaves.
COWASS Nortk America
They strip spruce, pine, and fir trees for the inner
bark and sap. They also rub for scratching.
Marking trees for scent, dominance, or territory are
also done. Trees such as the beech will often
show their craw marks in the smooth bark from
their climbing to get nuts.
Adopt-A-Higliway Program
If the bear makes a kill it will cover it with the forest
floor debris, be very careful if you think you found
a kill site - get away from the area.
The ornnivqrous eating habits of bears result in
scat that vanes considerably with the food supply
and time of year. It generally is made up of the
vegetable matter; eaten and will be VA to 2%
inches in diameter. It is not recommended to
attempt to identify bear types by their scat since it
is too variable.
Bear words; Bear iAwaso^ Bears Awasosalc,
Northland Polar Bear Ponkiawasos; The Bear
Spoon “Big Dipper” AwasosamkwSn or Kwatsiz,
Bear skin Avvasosewawa.
'Native Wbrcls .By: Ed Wliere Eagfles Fly
Loneliness is like an invisible flower, that only you can see.
The earth around us is in turmoil, when our heart is not at
peace.
The simplest words to read, are the easiest, but the hardest
part, is to read between the lines.
‘Singing and dance is a spiritual glue that can hold a group of
people together.
Rkode Island Clan Sut-Council News
The first highway cleaning of route 1-495 will be on
April 25th. The highway needs a good cleaning in
the spring so we need as many helpers as we can
get. Contact Tribal Headquarters for the 1998
season schedule.
Triljal Sliirts
X-large tee shirts and sweat shirts with the new
tribal symbol are available (on request). The
sweat shirts are* forest green with white symbol
and the tee shirts are light cream With dark green
symbol. Since we are not in the business of selling
any goods, we offer these for a donation that
covers our costs to make and ship them - tee
shirts $10+, sweat shirts $25 + $3 to $5 shipping.
Reference Ipitrary & Cultural Center
Throughout last year several Wabanaki artifacts
were purchased by the Pouliofs. This collection is
being developed as items surface through antique
dealers. The latest items include an old sweetgrass basket, turtle rattle, an excellent beaded bag
with a woodland floral design, and our second
copy of the 1903 Natick (Nipmuc) Dictionary.
Thd Pouliofs also purchased the equipment
needed for qudip-video presentations. A video
camera recorder, television, multiple VCR players,
arid field equipment were purchased. Plans are to
create educational video tapes for several areas of
interest such as:
►
As a result of Bob Nordin’s efforts we were able to
get two super FAX machines for our office
operations.
Bob has been successful in his personal efforts to
get the Rhode Island state legislature to consider
an act to,allow people of .Native American Indian
descent to correct the racial designation on their
►
►
Cultural Demonstrations.
•
Crafts & Clothing & Lifestyles.
•
Legends & Story Tellirig.'
•
Language / Drumming & Singing.
•
Cooking.
•
Lodge Building.
Nadakina Exptoration.
•
Hunting & Tracking.
•
Plant & Herbal Identification.
Documentation.
�,
Ain$l>ak Ncwfi^ 98»1 Jaynxxi^ « Bptniaiy . Mar<?k / Afamtho^ - PiaSjagoii - Moznkas 1998 Biglc-9
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Meetings & Gatherings.
Historical Events.
^ Contrilmtioiis
Last issue we forgot to thank several family
members which have helped us through the year
and during our gatherings. Most times this occurs
with close family members that you unfortunately
take for granted. A special thank you goes to
Bonnie, P.A. Pouliot, and James Akerman for their
help at our gatherings. Also, to Richard Pouliot for
helping maintain our tribal operations and contacts
in Maine. Kchi olwini.
As a reminder to all of our readers, the Band and
nearly all of our activities are funded by
contributions. Without your continued support we
can not keep many of our projects going.
The Band is operated by COWASS North
America. Any donations given to us are tax
deductible as allowed by IRS regulations.
COWASS North America and the Franklin Food
Pantry are IRS 501 (c)3 non-profit charitable
organizations. Contributors will be acknowledged
and given yearly donation statements.
Native
By: Ed Wkere Eagfles Fly
As long as we can have a love for All - All will be well. The
pebbles on the good red road, talk to us of love and kindness
for All life.
Sharing joy, can simply be sharing your own joy with another
person, joy rubs off onto others of the same heart.
Sometimes the voice of a child is heard more readily, than
the voices of a choir. Blessed are those who teach their
chiidren to pray with their hearts.
The unnecessary things of life, are those things that do not
mirror Creator.
Franklin Food Pantry - Native Self-Help
The Boston Globe wrote a feature page length
article titled “In Abenaki Spirit; Food and Support”
which was about our Band and the work that we do
to run the Food Pantry. The story was in the “West
Weekly” section of the Sunday edition of January
4th. The reporter researched our activities through
many sources including other agencies. We were
pleasantly surprised when we were recognized as
a “model” organization and the third largest
regional provider to the area’s needy.
Many of our local tribal family have become
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involved in the food pantry operations. We are
always looking for more tribal members to
volunteer to help on distribution day.
The
distribution is on the third Thursday of each month
from 5-8 p.m. in our Pantry, which is located at 80
West Central Street in Franklin, Massachusetts Hope to see you there.
Regional Native Footl Assistance
As a result of the major ice storms of January we
were asked to assist other Native groups with
food. Thanks to Linda Pouliot, Mark Fraser, and
our new 4-wheel drive truck we were able to
deliver about a 1000 pounds of food to Native
People in the storm damaged areas. Their three
day 800 mile trip included many exciting miles,
including a ferry ride across Lake Champlain with
other emergen^ utility Workers that were on route.
They reported that many areas lookfed like a war
zone due to the countless broken trees, snapped
power poles and downed wires.
Again, we thank Linda and Mark for their
dedication, good spirit, and a job well done.
Say Tkat In Atenaki - Ida ni AJnohaiwf
Language lessons and Abenaki singing and drum
practice are being held on a regular basis during
meetings and workshops - call for details.
Short Conversations Where did yoii go?
I went to the woods.
Very nice day, let’s go
in the woods.
What’s happening?
Nothing much.
What are they doing?
You should not do that.
You should not complain.
What time is it now?
It is early.
It is quite late.
Let’s go there.
I have been there.
I was there.
I am going home.
I did not go too far.
Would you like to come
with me?
Do you know that man?
Yes, I knew him.
I would like to buy them.
How much do they cost?
T8ni odosaan?
NSdossa kpiwi.
T8ji wiegisgad, lossada
kpiwi.
I^gwi lla?
Nda kagwi n8damiwi.
Kakwas llalokak?
Nda k'dachwi ni llalokawen.
Akwi ga madw8zi.
Kass8mkipoda ato nikw8bi?
Sp8swiwi.
Kwinatta sipkiwi.
Lossada taka.
Kizi n’oddssab.
N’odossan.
N’diossa n’wigw8mnok.
Pasojiwi n’diossab.
Kwigi ba paT8 spiwi nia?
K’wawinaw8 na san8ba?
8h8, nwawinaw8bo.
N’gadi manomenal.
T8ni ll8wadowal?
�Aln8li.iJ« Ni-wsi- Q8-1 J.iinidry « Pcftiruarj - M.uili / .t/ai«iL«. - PuiSJuifon ~ Mtwtltai. 1998
Book Re^views Each month we add 10 or more books to our
library. The books vary from recent publications,
re-prints, out-of-prints to the extremely old and
rare. Here are three interesting titles that you
might want to read:
The Indian Peoples of Eastern America. A Documentary
History of the Sexes
Edited by: Jame^ Axtell
1981, Oidord University Press
ISBN 0-19-502741-8
This covers the social rites of passage, birth, coming of
age, love and marriage, working, peace and war,
heaven and earth, and death.
The Skulking Wav of War. Technology and Tactics
Among the New England Indians
By: Patrick M. Malone
1991, John Hopkins University Press
ISBN 0-8018-4554-8
Pine Needle Basketry. From Forest Floor to Finished
Project
By: Judy Mofield Mallow
1996, Lark Books
ISBN 1-887374-14-0 Hard Cover /1-887374-28-4 Kit
AlnSkak News© Comments
The newsletter was mailed On January 12th.
Please notify us when you move.
On lighting our prayer wdamSgan pipe, it now becomes a
holy and sacred sanctuary of direct prayer to Kchi Niwaskw.
^^kanaki Tiaditional Life - Tke Pipe
The last issue started our discussion about
smoking, pipes, and smoking herbals. The act of
smoking is an old tradition - some say that it was
reserved for sacred activities and prayers - and yet
many now smoke for social or personal pleasure.
It Is more appropriate to consider the pipe and
smoking as a sacred matter - a pathway for your
prayers.
Anyone can make or buy a pipe, but traditionally it
would have been more appropriate if you were
gifted a pipe or the materials to make it. It is also
a good thing to give your first made pip'e away to
another person before you make one for yourself.
Within our Band there is no “sacred pipe-maker"’ to make a pipe comes from within and with great
4-espect forlhe pipe you,create. You are making a
living thing that will grow with your life experiences
- at first it will be your baby and if used properly it
will grow with you.
If possible the pipe and stem should be made by
your own hands, using flint, knives, cutting bits,
files, and sand/sand paper. Preferably you will
work without power tools.
For your first pipe, start simple. A smooth round
bowl and straight stem are best. In time and
Please submit articles, pictures, stories that you.
can share with your tribal family. The next issue , patience you will learn how to work with the stone
and wood. Those that have tried to start by
will be mailed in early June so get your submittals
carving elaborate animal effigy bowls are often
to us by mid-May.
disappointed. The heart, mind, and spirit have to
be right whenever you work on a pipe.
History - Our Name
Ab^nakis, comes form the word WSbanki, land or
country of the East. This comes from w8ban,
dstybreak, and k/earth, land, or rather, a/d which is
a term used in composition for land, ground or
region. WSbanaki, Abenakis means an Indian
from where the daylight comes, the plural Js
Wdbanakiak. When referring to ourseives we
would call one another A/nSbak or human being or
Indian, in the Indian or our way would be AlnSbawi.
Native ^(^rds By: Ed Wkere Hailes Fly
Wdamd tobacco becomes mote sacred, when we mentally
bath all that is within us with the chekelas spark of life that
Kichi Niwaskw God gifted us with called spirit.
The bowl is usually made of red pipe stone
“catlinite” or soap stone, talc or “steatite.” The
catlinite usually is red or mottled red, most of it
comes from a Native quarry in Minnesota. It is
relatively hard compared to soap stone. Steatite
is available from many quarries worldwide, one of
the best black types is from A/irginia. Soap stone
comes in a wide variety of colors “from white to
black and green to red-brown to pink. Some
pieces that we have used have all these colors
including flecks of iron or pyrite “fools gold.”
Pieces such as this vary greatly in hardness and
as a result, additional care is needed when you
work with it. The softer material may break or
crack when you work with it.
�AlnSliaU Nctvs^
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Start with a flat piece of stone 1 Vz± inch thick and
4 by 6 inches, this will give you enough material to
work with. With careful cutting you can get two
pipes from this size piece. We look for old broken
soap stone wash sinks - check with plumbers and
antique dealers for a source.
Draw what you want the pipe bowl to look like on
paper and mark it on the stone. The bowl hole
should be Vz inch diameter by about "Wz inch deep.
The hole should taper slightly at the bottom. A
small Ve inch diameter hole should be made
perpendicular from the stem end to intersect the
bottom of the bowl hole. Once the holes are made
the carving and shaping is done until it has the
desired shape. After the stem is made the final
diameter of the stem and bowl receiving hole can
be made to match with a tight fit.
The wooden stem is best made from a small
straight (% to V/z inch diameter by 10 to 12 inch
long) branch that has a pithy center core. Red
sumac, sassafras, walnut, and some willows are
acceptable in this way. Many of our stems have
also been made using red maple as well.
Start with short and straight pieces of wood at first.
The stem hole can be made using a heavy metal
wire that is heated red hot. The wire can be
pushed through the wooden stem center aftdr
many repeated re-heats. Care must be made to
push the wire straight down the center and not
through the side. Once the hole is made you can
remove the bark, carve, and sand finish.
The labor that you spend on the making of the pipe
becomes the special connection that you have
between you and the pipe. Pray for guidance as
you make it.
The pipe bowl should be heat treated by fire or in
a hot oven if need be. Once it is hot, bees wax or
sunflower oil Is applied. It will darken the stone
considerably but it will bring out many of the stone
grain details. This process is done many,.many
times and the stone is polished each time it cools.
If for some reason the stone breaks - it was not
meant to be - start again with a new mind and
heart.
The wooden stem is coated with sunflower oil as
well and it too is smoothed and polished each
time. The portion of the stem that goes into the
bowl should be given a light coating of bees wax to
protect the wood and stone when tfiey go together.
The stem can be wrapped in leather, beaded, or
other wise decorated with feathers or other things
that are special or sacred to us. Like clothing a
child these Items can change or be added to over
time. Wrap the bowl and stem in leather or cloth
when not in use and store them in a leather or
cloth bag to protect your “baby.” A special pipebag should be made next.
Some people refer to the “first use” of the pipe as
the “pipe awakening” ceremony. This act has no
basis of ceremonial tradition with our People, it
may be more relevant to other tribal groups of the
West or Plains. For us, it is more appropriate to
think of the connective relationship of all pipes and
their purpose in our culture. If possible you should
smoke it the first time with other pipe carriers. Ask
that they share their experiences with you - so that
you can collectively bring this new “baby” into the
family of pipes.
The best example of this sharing comes from
ancient Algonquin ceremonies such as the Pipe
Dance cererrionies that are held in mid-May each
year by the Blackfeet of Montana. During this
ceremony, the oldest pipe carriers George and
Molly Kickingwoman bring out the ancient pipes.
Dances and ceremonies celebrate this time. Pipes
of others are also smoked together as one in unity.
In this way - all pipes are symbolically connected in
time and existence because the bowls come from
the rock of Mother Earth.and the stems come from
the tree and plant beings. The bowl symbolizes
the female side of existence and the stem the male
side. When the two are put together there is the
unity of existence.
When you put the stem and bowl together you
must plan on smoking it - othenwise you do not pay
the proper respect to your pipe. Care should be
made when joining the two. You should wet the
stem end with your lips before you put the two
together.
�1.
When smoking herbals, Kinnikinnick or tobacco,
the material is placed in the bowl one small pinch
at a time. Check the draw of the pipe occasionally
to make sure that is not packed too tight. A
tamper made of a deer antler point makes a good
one. The herbs should be lightly tamped with each
pinch and a prayer should be offered with each
one.
An appropriate prayer to the Creator, Kchi
Niwaskw, Grand-Mother Earth, Nokemes Ki,
Grand-Father Sky, Nfpahom Asokw, the East,
Waji-nahilot or WaJi-sSkhipozit, the South,
SSwanaki; the West, Ali-nkihl8t, the North;
Pebonkik, and to thank all of our relations past,
present, and future generations N’dal8gom8mekor
WU-do-gonw8gan are recommended.
Once the pipe is lit take four or more puffs to
assure that it is going well and tamp it
occasionally. Use the smoke to cleanse yourself
as you would a smudge. Once you feel
comfortable that you are prepared, start fo offer
your prayers. Many start by going to the Creator
and conclude with a thank-you to all of your
relations as you did when you packed the pipe.
Other prayers from your heart or mind are
appropriate as well - always be respectful in any
thing that you do with your pipe.
Remember, ttiere are no right or wrong ways of the
pipe or praying - but always do so with respect and
honor. We are not bound by mies or written
practices on these matters. Much of our past has
been lost, we must search for it in our hearts and
through prayers for guidance from our ancestors.
N’dal8gom8mek... Wli-do-gonw8gan
Native Words By: Ed Wliere Eagles Fly
The manifestation of pekeda smoke is the secret language
current between spirit and Kchi Niwaskw.
In prayer we can hide things from around us but before Kchi
Niwaskw we stand naked in judgment.
Speaker Speaks
The time of the long and wintry moons is always
difficult. Many of our People get sick and pass-on
during these dark and cold times. Oh, how we
always long for the sunny days of Spring.
During our meetings of winter pebon - in council
we tell our stories, read the wampum belts, and
plan for the new year. Like the melting snows.
these plans often disappear into the streams of
things not done.
I have stopped being concerned about goals and
projects that are not carried out. These activities
are created by consensus and in the same way will
have to be completed by consensus.
Far too many of our members want something
from the Band but few contribute to it. The future
of us depends on the collective energies of all.
Too many people tell me that they can’t do
anything because of - too far away; too tired; too
much work; too busy; family business; don’t know
how; don’t want to help; I’m on Indian time...etc....
On the other hand - so many will cry about the
plight of our people. This is not new news, I think
this has been happening for a long time and many
of the problems come from within. Maybe it is
because too many of us'ARE on “Indian time.”
This expression is being over worked to cover-up
for a lot of negative behavior such as: being slow,
lazy, untimely, forgetful, self-centered, or late.
When I hear this expression 1 feel that it is being
used like a racial slur.
The time is getting late for our People. Stop
complaining and making excuses - start doing
something for your family and the Band.
What concerns me more than all of the collective
political-social issues is that the next generation of
our leader^s, tradition keepers, and teachers may
not be here to carry on for our People. As I get
older I will eventually go back into the woods and
tp the old ways. I can only show you the water -1
can not drink it for you. If you can nbt see the
changes coming then your senses have gone dull.
The time is now to get back in .the way of our
ancestors before it is all lost. Most importantly you
must bring your children and youfh into the culture
before it is too late.
It is up to you - make that first step back on to the
path. You will find that each new step fonward
becomes that much easier as you go into the
future. N’alSgomSmek! - All My Relations!
To All My Relations, I have spoken, Paul Pouliot SagSmo and speaker for the Cowasuck People.
�NATIVE AMERICAN INDIAN
CELEBli^^TION
pi^NN^aoo
AKI
SPRINdOA
Sponsored By COWASS Nortk America
Cowasuck Band - Pennacook
& Akenaki Peopl
No Alcokol or Dru^s Allowed
For Information - (508) 528-7629
Artisans & Sales ky Invitation Only
/
�AlnSbak News©
COWASS North America, Inc.
P.O. Box 554
Franklin, M A 02038-0554
ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED
AlnSbak News© - Volume 98 / Issue 1
January - February - Marck - 1998
NON-PROFIT ORG.
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
FRANKLIN, MA 02038
PERMIT 146
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Abenaki
Description
An account of the resource
Traditional Abenaki territory encompasses what is now New Hampshire and Vermont, as well as parts of western Maine, western Massachusetts, and Quebec. The Abenaki people comprise numerous bands and communities. In the United States, at this time, none of those groups is federally recognized. The Canadian government formally recognizes two reserves, at Odanak (St. Francis) and Wolinak (Becancour).<br /><br />Resources<br /><br /><a href="http://tribal.abenakination.com/" target="_blank">Mississquoi Abenaki Tribal Council</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://www.elnuabenakitribe.org/" target="_blank">Elnu Abenaki Tribe</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://www.abenakitribe.org/" target="_blank">Nulhegan Abenaki Tribe</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://koasek-abenaki.com/" target="_blank">Koasek Traditional Band</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://www.cowasuck.org/" target="_blank">Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook Abenaki</a> (NH)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Abenaki Indians
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Aln8bak News </em>(Jan-Mar 1998)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Pouliot, Paul W.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1998-01, 1998-02, 1998-03
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Paul and Denise Pouliot
Grace Dietz, UNH Class of 2017
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Paul and Denise Pouliot. Used with permission.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Document
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
-
https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/1c692e67a14d20e45b811b943b66beed.pdf
b58b2263d30e37864002de2195c56004
PDF Text
Text
"Volume 98 /
April - Maty - June / SogaliUas - Kikas - Nakkahigas 1998
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done during
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itb^Mmdg■i»!y^t (508) 528-7629 for
made in advaric
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lanville
: Manville, Rhode Island
The followina is a t®tative schedule for the |
remain'cTer ir'liiyy! bifctember 13, October 11, | [ This is a public French
tl*^nd
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?resentation and our Red Hawk ^D)pfifP^|ll be
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event.
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Sat^Hr as the Women’s Q^^^ffurday
ict us at (508) 528-7029. '
informatior
:00 p.m. Thesd^e open work
B
(rentham Arts and Cultural Festiv^
; for all members.
October 3-4 1998
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being sponsored by the Town of Wrentham. The
details. (5C
special focus of the event will be centered on the
lives and ways of the colonial settler^'Bfekjiative
people of New England in the 1600'^mThe
.s Circle
weekend is not planned as a formal pow woi^Art
and cultural demonstrations, singing, and dan^g
Tly Women's Circle will continue to meet on the
SSurday d^est to the new Moon of each month
will be held each day.
frSn 10:C^»m. to 2:00 p.m. or later. Some
mebtings ^Hbe held during gathering events as
We are inviting 12 Native American atjisans »d
wemAtteng|Kce is limited, please call for meeting
crafters to participate. They will be Ijequi^p to
demonstrate their work to the publir^tero the
infn^MP#^ contact Linda Pouliot at our tribal
event.
headquarters.
�AlnSkak News© 98-2 April - May - Jtuie / Sogalikas - Kikas - Nakkakigas 1998 Page-2
Our Red Hawk Drum will be the host singers for
the Native American portion of the event. All
native dancers are invited to help educate through
their participation. Dancers will be provided meals
and travel expenses for each day. Historically
accurate dress is being asked for all participants.
For details, directions, and information contact us
at (508) 528-7629.
1998 Sckedule of Activities
17
19
25”
*?*
DECEMBER
DECEMBER
DECEMBER
DECEMBER
FFP DISTRIBUTION
WOMEN’S CIRCLE
HOLIDAY
FFP INVENTORY
^ **
JANUARY
HOLIDAY
FFP
FRANKLIN FOOD PANTRY
WEEKEND HOLIDAY
DATE TO BE DETERMINED
DRUM ACTIVITY
TRIBAL COUNCIL MEETING
**
*?•
D
MEETING
The following is a full schedule of Band activities
that are planned for the remainder of the year:
3-4”
1-5
9
11
12
16
19 D
25
25
JULY
JULY
JULY
JULY
JULY
JULY
JULY
JULY
JULY
HOLIDAY
ODANAK GATHERING
FFP MEETING
1st SUMMER GATHERING
1st SUMMER GATHERING
FFP DISTRIBUTION
J. LINCOLN WEDDING - CT
WOMEN’S CIRCLE
HIGHWAY CLEANING
8 D
13
15
16
20
22
22 D
22
AUGUST
AUGUST
AUGUST
AUGUST
AUGUST
AUGUST
AUGUST
AUGUST
DRUM PRACTICE
FFP MEETING
2nd SUMMER GATHERING
2nd SUMMER GATHERING
FFP DISTRIBUTION
WOMEN’S CIRCLE
DRUM PRACTICE
HIGHWAY CLEANING
y**
10
13
13 '
17
19 D
20 D
26
27
SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER
SEPTEMBER
HOLIDAY
FFP MEETING
HIGHWAY CLEANING
COUNCIL MEETING
■FFP DISTRIBUTION
MANNVILLE EVENT
MANNVILLE EVENT
1st FALL GATHERING
1st FALL GATHERING
3 D
4 D
8
10
11
11
12”
15
17
17
OCTOBER
OCTOBER
OCTOBER
OCTOBER
OCTOBER
OCTOBER
OCTOBER
OCTOBER
OCTOBER
OCTOBER
WRENTHAM EVENT
WRENTHAM EVENT
FFP MEETING
2nd FALL GATHERING
2nd FALL GATHERING
COUNCIL MEETING
HOLIDAY
FFP DISTRIBUTION
WOMEN’S CIRCLE
HIGHWAY CLEANING
8
11
12
19
21
26
NOVEMBER
NOVEMBER
NOVEMBER
NOVEMBER
NOVEMBER
NOVEMBER
COUNCIL MEETING
HOLIDAY
FFP MEETING
FFP DISTRIBUTION
WOMEN’S CIRCLE
HOLIDAY
10
13
DECEMBER
DECEMBER
FFP MEETING
COUNCIL MEETING
Native ^(^rds By: Ed Wk ere Eagles Fly
Living can simply be respecting all creation.
Life is incomplete, without tools to work with.
By respecting the tools we use, they will give us good and
lasting service. 3/29/97.
It’s so easy to send our love and caring, out into space. It
moves with the speed of thought.
It’s also so easy to bring love and caring in from space, also
with the speed of thought. 3/23/97.
Prayers
One of our young men was very seriously injured
in an automobile accident early this year. Matthew
Dutilly “Little Bear” ended up with many broken
bones; the worst of which was a broken neck.
Please continue to keep Matt in your prayers - that
the Creator may help and heal him.
Please remember in our prayers our other family
members that need the healing powers of the
Creator - Shannon Mickies, Harry Bears, Ed Where Eagles Fly and our other unnamed
relations that you know.
�AlnSLai: News© 98-2 April - May - June / Sogalikas - Ktkas - NakUakigas 1998 Page-3
Spring Gatkering Report
Trikal Actions anJ. Government
The Spring Gathering was held at Mt. Sunapee,
New Hampshire on the weekend of June 13 & 14.
The gathering site was moved from Massachusetts
to this location in an effort to get close to our lands
which are on the other side of Mt. Sunapee.
^ Communications
The facilities were by far the best that we have had
for any of our events. We had the full use of the
ski lodge building at the park. Indoor eating
facilities and restrooms were a nice touch
compared to our previous fieid events.
The weekend was dampened by the heavy rains
that hit the entire area. Many records of 6 to 12
inches of rain were measured. Although we were
able to start the gathering outside on Saturday
morning we were soon forced to go inside for the
remainder of the weekend.
We were pleased to see so many AbenakiPennacook people from all over N’dakina.
Through our prayers and the healing ways of the
Creator, Matt “Little Bear” was able to come to the
gathering - the Creator has heard our prayers.
Our Red Hawk Drum sang Wabanaki songs
throughout the weekend.
A Women’s Circle and Men’s discussion group
were held on Friday evening. All participants at
the gathering were invited. A general Tribal
Council Meeting was held on Sunday morning.
We welcomed all the other Abenaki group
members to attend and speak during our meeting.
Communal evening feasts and breakfasts were
A new FAX and computer line were recently
installed for improved communication access.
Please note the following telephone numbers:
Cowass North America &
Band Headquarters
FAX
Franklin Food Pantry
(508) 528-7629
(508) 528-7874
(508) 528-3115
Our new E-MAIL address is at:
cowasuck@norfolk-county.com
Missing MemLers
No new members are missing (moved - address
unknown) during this iast report period.
^ Family Researck Project
We continue to receive family information and oral
family stories from many of our families. You are
encouraged to continue your own family research
for records, pictures, stories, and oral traditions.
All information should be submitted to tribal
headquarters at COWASS North America, P.O.
Box 554, Franklin, MA 02038.
TriLal identification Cards
The new tribal card and renewal system has been
implemented. The process has been extremely
slow because many family records and addresses
need to be updated at the same time. Tribal
letters are being issued to all citizens and
members in the event that they do not want to go
through the process of getting identification cards.
We are placing less importance on the issuance of
the new cards. It is more important to update our
records and to expand family history information.
Notice: At this time we are reviewing ail family records.
Many need to be updated and some family groups will be
requested to submit additional records to remain on the
tribal rolls. Please consider this notice as an advanced
warning to check your family records and to be prepared.
Featkers
We have been receiving submittals to process
eagle feather requests from our members. These
�AlnStak News© 98-2 April - May - June / SogaliUas - Kikas - Nakkakigas 1998 Pa^e-4
requests for eagle and other bird feathers or parts
require a tribal statement about your Indian status
and religious use of the items requested. These
requests have been the subject of controversy
since many non-BIA tribal people have been
denied feathers. To develop a common group
effort we will be submitting a tribal request for
eagle and hawk feathers and parts.
Please
contact our tribal
headquarters as soon as
possible if you are interested in this matter.
native community. It also provided an opportunity for the
native groups to get copies of written documentation,
correspondence, and policy statements that they had given
to the state for the meeting.
>■ Editorial - Massackusetts Commission on
Indian Affairs -
One of the more oppressive matters revealed is that the
Commission is applying a policy that they only represent
individuals that are members of tribal groups that they
recognize as “indigenous” to Massachusetts as opposed to
those that are “resident” in the state. For the record, the
original legislation that created the Commission was written
to represent all residents of Indian descent.
The last position of the Massachusetts Commission on Indian
Affairs expired on October 1997 and after the Director
passed-on last year his position was not filled. This situation
became a matter of concern to many native groups.
Eventually enough attention was raised about the matter and
a meeting was held at the State House in Boston on March
12, 1998. This was supposed to be a forum for us to voice
our concerns about the makeup and conduct of the past
Commission.
The groups that attended were very opinionated and very few
good words were said about the past Commission. However,
it became obvious during the meeting that the state officials
had little interest in our issues, we were only being allowed to
vocalize a little. In the end, prorhises were made by the past
Commission to meet with the native community to work out
the problems. In reality the real agreements were already
being made between the past Commissioners and the state.
No follow up meeting would ever be held in spite of written
and verbal requests to meet. We were right back into same
way the Commission has been operating for the past twenty
years.
In response to the growingly vocal native community, the past
Commission did however respond to state officials.
Correspondence before and after the meeting produced
questionable actions between the state and the past
Commissioners. By their own actions, they recommended to
re-appoint themselves. In the end the state did what they
were asked to do and the past appointments were re
instated.
It was obvious that the Commissioners and the state officials
were embarrassed by the public attention that they were
receiving. For so many years the activities, or lack of them,
have been kept out of view from the native community and
the state. The Commission wanted the problem to go away they did not want to show the state how divided we are as a
people.
The
concerns of the native community about the
Commission were not important to the state. Their attitude
was to let our “hang-around-the-fort Indians” deal with Indian
problems - keep them in line and quiet or we will stop funding
the Commission.
In spite of the poor results and aftermath of the meeting
some valuable information and experience was gained out of
this exercise of “white politics.” We found out how divisive
the state and the Commissioners are when dealing with the
Their closed door meetings, discriminative policies, failure to
report to the state and the native community, lack of
representation, and limited involvement with the greater
native community were only the most obvious problems that
were openly observed. As the facts were disclosed about the
Commission activities, operations, and bylaws our greater
concerns were brought to light.
The key issues are “members of indigenous tribal groups
that they recognize” versus “residents of Indian descent.”
The current interpretation only allows representation on the
Commission by their defined “indigenous” people.
Furthermore, the Commission believes that this is limited to
Wampanoag or Nipmuc people. The foundation of this starts
with the Indian Enfranchisement laws written in the 1800's
and is further supported by a poorly worded executive order
of 1976 that they helped to write. Based on the flawed use
and interpretation of these pieces of legislation, all other New
England groups including BIA tribes are not considered
“indigenous” to the state.
For the Massachusetts Abenaki to be recognized for
representation as individuals or as a tribal group we were told
that we will have to prove who we are in the same formal way
that we would with the BIA. The Commission is currently
using a discriminatory double standard where several nonBIA Nipmuc and Wampanoag groups are given the same
recognition as if they are fully recognized and functioning BIA
tribal governments.
In the support of this idea, the Commission submitted
documents to state officials in which they reported that the
Abenaki in Massachusetts are non-native people or are
native social groups without tribal status. They claim that
they got this information from the Vermont Abenaki Nation
(which is also not formally recognized by the BIA or Vermont).
This was a contemptible effort by certain interested parties to
create a conflict situation between the Vermont Abenaki of
Missisquoi and the Massachusetts Cowasuck Abenaki. This
was a clear effort to interfere with Abenaki politics and our
collective sovereignty as a People. By recognizing only the
Vermont Abenaki and to force the Cowasuck to be
subservient to them shifts the Abenaki influence out of
Massachusetts. Using their “indigenous” policy the “residenf
Abenaki become Vermont Abenaki with no status.
The Abenaki People of all groups should be aware that
certain Commissioners have been playing garnes with us to
keep the Missisquoi, Cowasuck, and Mazipskwik in constant
conflict. Remember it was only a few years ago that the
Abenaki People had representation on the Comrtiission. At
that time our representative had dual membership with the
�AlnStak Hews© 98-2 April - May - June / SogaUlzas - Kihas - NaUkahtgas 1998 Page-5
Missisquoi and Cowasuck. Now the Commission would like
everyone forget this fact and work to keep us a divided and
un-represented people.
It appears that the state and Indian Commission, using the
opinions of other non-BIA and adversarial tribal interests
inside and outside of the state, have made the determination
that other Indian groups of the same status are not Indian
groups at all. This is a nice bit of protectionism for the groups
making these determinations.
Furthermore, the Commission by-laws specify that groups
that claim to be Indian organizations must be run by Indians
with birth certificates that state that they are born as an
American Indian or otherwise have tribal membership within
a recognized group (such as Wampanoag, Nipmuc, or other
BIA tribe).
Take notice - by this standard all Massachusetts based inter
tribal and native groups that are being led by Abenaki or
members of other un-recognized tribal affiliations are not
considered Indian groups by the existing Commission
operating by-laws.
Our Council has been reviewing many documents related to
Canadian and New England Indian matters and believe that
the ongoing actions by the Commission are well beyond their
authority - morally as native people and legally as state
appointed representatives.
It was particularly interesting to review the transcripts from
the federal land claim trial of the Mashpee Wampanoag.
Considering the ugly legal assault that they had to endure
and their poor defense of their own native existence, you
might think that they would understand the pains of other
Wabanaki native groups that are trying to reassert their
presence in their ancient homelands.
Instead of helping other native governments, some of the
Commissioners are using these same “white” legal assault
tactics against other natives.
It appears that key
Commissioners are now making themselves judges over
other people, like us, that claim native ancestry. The Abenaki
face ongoing blatant racial discrimination because we are
being identified as “white-Indians” or “darkies" of French
ancestry.
Many of our family trees now go back 15 generations, to the
1590's. For us to have to respond to “trashy” comments
about knowing our ancestors or' “blood" is an insult.
Considering the source, many of these same people have
limited family records or are basing their entire native
ancestry on one generation of “oral tradition.” We know who
we are, but we wonder if they are as prepared or willing to
bare themselves to us for inspection as they demand of us.
Can every stone throwing critic document true and real
Indian ancestry or are they going to show you a government
created tribal card?
As one state legislator remarked, “...it will be hard to change
anything to do with Indian issues in this state because of the
concerns for casinos and land claims that could be raised...”
To look into the future, there will be no additional Indian
groups recognized in Massachusetts for some time to come,
if ever again - and that will be assured by other native
peoples.
If blood quantum does not finish the us off - then native
against native fighting for money or the last bit of recognition
will end the struggle of survival that started in the 1400's.
Over the time of history, the BIA nor any Indian commission
has ever helped native people or protected our rights.
There has been far too much negative energy spent in the
native circle recently. Too much effort has been wasted to
chase state and federal recognition and gambling. Why do
we bother? The politicians only want us dead and buried
once and forever. Do you really believe that they will allow a
native group in Massachusetts to set up a gambling
enterprise that would impact their own efforts?
Native Nations across the country are trading their
sovereignty for state gambling compacts. Later these same
compacts are being used to cut into the action or set the
stage to tax them or take away other rights. Look how well
the Gay Head Wampanoag and the Narragansett have been
doing. One door after another are being slammed in their
faces by the government.
There will be a point of decision for the Cowasuck Band as to
how far and to what extreme compromise of native principle
we go to get our recognition within the native community and
governments of the dominant society.
Are they really reacting to their beliefs that we are not Indians
or are the roots of their behavior hidden in other protectionist
agendas? The success and size of our Band are a concern
to other adversarial native groups for many obvious reasons.
Our Band has been getting more and more organized over
the last several years. We are making a positive impact on
the native and non-native community around us. Our social
services and cultural efforts can not be ignored.
What we should be doing is uniting alt the Wabanaki splinter
and rival groups to assert our rights as People of the First
Nation. I call to all Abenaki, Pennacook, and Wabanaki
people of all groups, regardless of any political issues, to
work cooperatively together. If we all unite as one we will be
the one largest Native Nations of the eastern United States
and Canada. The time has come for us to put aside our
political differences and personal agendas.
In the past ten years we have done more to bring back our
culture, language, songs, traditions, and ceremonies than
most groups have done in thirty years or more. It should be
noted, we have done this without federal and state money
handouts.
Native People have become the organ-grinder’s monkey,
dancing on the end of a chain with a tin-cup in our hand
begging for money that we will never benefit from. What a
sad picture of history we have become. Native people
bashing other natives with the same twisted piety of a
missionary beating the savage so that the white man on the
inside can be released for salvation.
Recent improved access to historical records has allowed us
to document our family histories and native existence as
people of the First Nation. Establishing the documentation
for federal recognition is difficult but not impossible at this
time.
The code of silence, denial of one another’s existence, and
the “we are more Indian than you” attitudes among native
people must stop. Traditional people of the First Nations
�AlnSbak^News© 98-2 April - May - June / Scfgalikas - Kikas - Nakkaki'gas 1998 Pa^e-6
must unite and work together in peace and harmony.
The path for our Band is clear we are not going to slow down,
we are here for the long run so our adversaries better be
prepared for the run or get out of the way.
As for the Commission on Indian Affairs - who needs them hang around “Fort Boston” and stay out of N’dakina and off
the Native paths of our Ancestors.
N’al8gom8mek! - All My Relations! I have spoken,
Paul Pouliot.
>• Massackusetts Legislative Activities
Our Band has and will continue to propose
legislation to change the Indian Commission. Our
proposal would increase the membership from
seven commissioners to nine or more so that ali
organized tribai groups that are “residenf in the
state can be assured a commissioner position.
The proposal would also assure a position for
each Massachusetts “residenf tribal group that is
on record as an existing group or one which is a
current petitioner for recognition.
^ Rkode Island Legislative Activities
The vital “birth” records legislation that was
proposed and filed by Bob Nordin, our Rhode
Island Clan Sub-Chief, has passed through the
Rhode Island State House of Representatives and
Senate. The bill now is awaiting the governor’s
signature.
To the surprise of everyone, consensus was
reached on the repatriation of the native remains.
Recommendations were made and approved in
regard to the individuals that would be most
appropriate to handle the
remains and the
repatriation process.
The overail repatriation
process was approved by all the attendees.
^ Sargent Museum
A meeting was held in Concord, New Hampshire
on March 19th to discuss upcoming archaeology
events for the year. It was decided to establish
October as Archaeology Month.
As details
become available we will determine to what extent
we will be involved in the support of the museum
activities.
Federal & State Corporate Status
This year marks the fifth year that Cowass North
America has been incorporated. Our non-profit
status in Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire,
Rhode island, and California have been formally
granted and updated and the IRS approved our
continuing status as a public charitable 501 (c) 3
organization.
Tribal members that were born in Rhode Island
should contact our tribal headquarters for
additional information if they are interested in
correcting their records to show a racial
designation of Native American Indian.
Repatriation Activities
The Sargent Museum held a meeting in
Manchester, New Hampshire on March 28th to
discuss repatriation activities. Representatives
from the Vermont Missisquoi, Mazipskwik, the New
Hampshire Abenaki groups, and our Band met
with Wes Stinson of Sargent Museum, Gary
Humes, NH State Archaeologist, and David Smith,
Historian and Pennacook researcher.
This was the first meeting in over four years for
most of the Abenaki groups that were present. It
was good to see our Vermont and New Hampshire
relations after such a long and difficult period of
political unrest that occurred among us.
Indian Maiden Monument
Pawtucket Falls - Merrimack River
Our Red Hawk Drum was honored to sing on May
2nd for a fund raising event for the “Indian Maiden”
monument. The proposed monument will honor all
Native American Indian women.
For our
participation we received an award certificate from
the Massachusetts State Parks.
�AlnStak News© 98-2 April - May - Jtane / SogaliUas - Kikas - Makkahigas 1998 Page-7
Project Aids Event
Our Red Hawk Drum was honored to sing on June
7th for the Rhode Island Project Aids “Walk for
Life” fund raising event. The 10 mile walk in
Providence was one of many similar walks that
were held nationwide.
Two Sisters Pow
Our Red Hawk Drum was invited as the guest
drum for the Two Sisters Pow Wow in Lowell, MA
on June 27 & 28th. This was the second year that
we have participated in this family gathering. The
Walking Bear drum, led by Al Caron, was the host.
We had a lot of fun at this event because the two
drums complement one another - they as
traditional southern and we as north-eastern style
singers.
activities. We apologize to our northern relations
for our inability to see them this year.
Boston Gloke
The Boston Globe, through reporter Robert Smith,
has been following and meeting with us for many
months.
He has previously written about our
Franklin Food Pantry and the activities that we do
to support our community and the region. Most
recently, he spent two days with us at Mt. Sunapee
and on our land in Goshen.
Our spring gathering and involvement in New
Hampshire resulted in a very complimentary article
in the June 21st edition of the New Hampshire
section of the Boston Sunday Globe.
WbrJ.S from a Warrior: By R.D.Pouliot
Most of our singing was based on Abenaki songs
that we composed this year. We also
demonstrated the use of a water drum and splitash slap rattle for old traditional Wabanki songs.
When Native people say that they are “Traditional” and
desire to live the way our ancestors had, they do not mean in
tepees or birch bark wigwams, iiving off food they hunted or
fished for. The term “Traditional” denotes a mind set, a
spiritual and moral way of living.
July 4tk Festivities
Native people have always been “Community” oriented. A
“Community” is a group of people living in close proximity to
each other, each looking out for the welfare and well being of
each member of the community. In simple words, in a true
community there should be no one without subsistence; food,
shelter and clothing. Too often in “Communities” today, the
“Homeless” are arrested. Individuals without the means to
support themselves are ignored and ostracized from their
communities.
On June 30 Franklin held their “Volunteer
Appreciation Night.” At the event they announced
that our Franklin Food Pantry would be honored in
the Franklin 4th of July Parade.
To show community appreciation for the work we
do for the town, the Red Devils, a 1950's car club,
and Garelick Farms made a donation to us in the
amount of $1000. We were also given honorary
“keys to the city.”
For the July 4th parade they had a float made for
us so that we would receive public recognition
during the celebration. Our tribal council, pantry
directors, and volunteers rode the float through the
festivities.
Wahanaki Confederation &
Odanak Gatkerin^
The Wabanaki Confederation called for a meeting
at Odanak from June 20 to 27th and the Odanak
gathering was held on the July 4th weekend. Due
to our personal work schedules, local gathering
and fund raising activities that started on June 12
and ended on the July 4th weekend, our tribal
council was not able to attend any of the Canadian
“Traditional” First Nations people desire to end this type of
prejudice and ignorance. How difficult is it to share with
those who are less fortunate? True wealth has nothing to do
with “How much or how little money a person has.” A person
is “Rich” or “Poor” depending upon how they choose to live
their lives. What do they do or not do for their fellow “Human
Beings.”
“Traditional” First Nations people will not turn you away if you
are without. They will offer you shelter, food, drink, and
friendship. At one time “AH” First Nations people were
“Traditional!!” Something happened to a few of us. We
forgot our “Oral Tradition,” our way of living and wanted to be
“Rich.”
I am always amazed and appalled at how some First Nations
people treat each other. Go to any intertribal meeting, you
will hear individuals telling others, “You’re not Indian” or “I’m
a real Indian.” Many people are said to be “Weekend
Warriors” meaning that they work and live in the “White
World” the rest of the week. Peoples egos and “Pride” have
gotten control of them. Our biggest area of racism and
oppression is Red man against Red man.
1. We are not “Tribes” we are “Nations.” A Tribe” is a
derogatory term to weaken one’s position when
�Aln8l>afe News© .98-2 April - May - June / SogaJikas - Kikas - Nakkakigas 1998 Pa^e-8
negotiating land claims, sovereignty and rights.
2. Blood quantum; a term used by governments to provide
iegality for the genocide and extermination of First Nation
people.
3. Reservation: a plot of land “reserved” for First Nations
people by a government that “We” did not vote for or
elect. We live in/on our “Territories.” Hitler used the ideal
of “Resen/ations” as the basis of the concentration camps
during the Holocaust in Europe.
Forget your “Egos” and “Personal Agendas” live your lives as
True First Nations People!!!
When you pass on to the Spirit World, you will looked u[5on
and remembered for what you did to your fellow Natives, Not
for how much money you had, or how much “Power” you
think you had!!!
Do not buy a sweat lodge!!
Do not buy a name!!
Do not buy the right to be called a “Pipe Carrier!!”
Learn your culture. Do not buy it from some make believe
“Medicine Person” who has only been an “Indian” for a few
years.
Learn your language.
Learn your ceremonies.
Be who you really are.
Alaj.
Finding
V2 Teaspoon
'A Teaspoon
1 Teaspoon
Dill seed, ground.
Pepper.
Cayenne pepper.
Va. -Vi Cup
To Taste
Corn oil (for frying).
Salt (Ziwan).
Steam the Quahogs in the water in a covered pot
until they open. Note: If you can not get fresh
Quahogs try canned minced clams and save the
liquid for the broth part of the recipe. Drain the
liquid broth and save it. Remove the Quahog meat
from the shells and chop it in to fine pieces. Place
the chopped meat in to a bowl and add 1 cup of
the broth and add the other ingredients (except
the corn oil). Mix until the batter is uniform. Heat
the corn oil in a large griddle or pan. Drop the
batter mix by tablespoons into the hot oil. The
fritters should be about 1 V2 inch in diameter. Fry
quickly and flip until the fritter is golden brown all
around.
O Serve Hot - Salt to taste.
Roots
For those of you that are looking for genealogy
resource materials we suggest the use of the
Internet. Many new sources of genealogy records
are now available.
One very good Abenaki
website is NE-DO-BA.com, this site contains many
records from Odanak and Becancour.
Let Us Eat & DrinU - MiciJa ta Gadosmida
uakog Fritters
The Quahog is a hard - thick shelled American clam
named in the Algonquin language by the Narraganset
People. The Quahog is probably best known for its
shells which have been prized by our People. The
deeply colored blue-purple and white shells have been
used to make wampum beads for generations.
Basic Recipe 2 Dozen
2-3 Cups
2 Cups
1
Quahogs, live in shell, cleaned.
Water - boiling.
Cornmeal, finely ground.
Egg, well beaten.
1 Tablespoon Wood ashes (optional)
1 Tablespoon Coltsfoot ashes (optional)
or other spices such as
History - Cooking Askes
Native Americans used and mixed ashes with many
foods. Wood ashes of cedar, juniper, maple, and
hickory were used for flavorings and additives. Ashes
also have chemical properties which help prepare some
foods and add trace minerals that improve the food.
When you gather the ashes make sure you get clean
white or gray ash without coals, tars or other residues
from the fire. Native people burned dried Coltsfoot
leaves to add to many foods as a salt substitute. Note,
not all species of Coltsfoot produce ashes with salts.
You will have to try what you get to check its flavoring.
Native Words By: Ed Wkere Eagles Fly
How of age are we?, when we come of age! 1/12/97.
In a canoe of love, we can be run into many storms upon the
waters of life. 3/6/97.
�AlnSliak News© 98-2 April - May - June / Sogalihas - Kikas - Nakkakigas 1998 Pa^e-9
Medicine Ba^ - Nehizon Mnoda
-*«•«! Coltsfoot
Coltsfoot, Tussilago farfara, Compositae, has
several common names - Coughwort, Horse’s
hoof, Bull’s foot. Foal’s foot. Ginger root. Native
Americans called it the Son-before-father, because
of its flowers before leaves growth habit. It was
naturalized in North America and grows from Nova
Scotia to West Virginia.
It grows almost
everywhere, but prefers hard, bare, waste ground,
and clay soils.
the pulmonary system. The expectorant, soothing,
and healing actions have made it recognized as a
cough remedy. In particular, the juice is effective
as a chest and lung expectorant for troublesome
coughs, asthma, and whooping cough.
The solvents used for medicine are water for
decoctions and diluted alcohol for tinctures. To
make a tea, steep 1 teaspoon of the leaves in 1
cup of boiling water for Vz hour. Drink Vz cupful,
hot or cold, at bed time, or a mouthful three times
a day. For external use, bruised or hot water
steeped leaves can be applied to the chest for the
relief of fevers. Coltsfoot contains zinc which has
anti-inflammatory properties which are useful when
applied to open wounds, boils, abscesses, and
skin irritations.
Native peoples smoked dried Coltsfoot leaves and
used it in herbal smoking mixtures with Mullein to
relief coughing. Coltsfoot was also made into
cough syrups and a medicinal candy for children
known as Coltsfoot Rock.
The flowers, stems, and young leaves are also
good as cooked vegetables. Native Americans
burned dried Coltsfoot leaves for its ashes which
were added to stews for its salt content. However,
it is believed that this was the Sweet or Western
Coltsfoot, Petasites speciosa, and not the more
recognized Tussilago farfara.
Glossary of terms used:
Coltsfoot is a low growing succulent perennial with
a growth height of 9 inches. The flower stems are
scaly and pinkish-purple in color.
The bright
yellow one inch diameter daisy-like flowers appear
before the leaves. The seeds that follow are
covered by tufts of silky, white hairs.
As the flowers wither in March, the leaves appear.
They are smooth green leaves 5 to 8 inches long,
hoof shaped, with a white and cottony underside.
The stem is covered with a loose cottony down.
The whole plant is used for medicine, especially
the leaves. The leaves should be picked when
mature, collect the root after the leaves are full,
and the flowers as soon as they are open. All
three can be dried for later use.
The medicine action is as an emollient, demulcent,
expectorant, slight tonic, and pectoral. Therefore,
it is primarily used for the relief of congestion of
Decoction - as an extract of a substance obtained by boiling.
Distillation - as an extraction of the pure essence of a
substance by a process of evaporation and condensation.
Infusion - a dilute liquid extract resulting from the steeping of
a substance in water.
Tincture - a solution, usually in alcohol, of a medical
substance.
Cautionaiy Note - Everyone has different reactions, allergies,
or sensitivities to foods, herbs, plants, mushrooms,
medicines, etc. Always test your reaction to a new item by
minimal contact or very small dose. Do not attempt to use
any herbal medicine without first being assured that you can
use it safely. Remember, it took generations of our ancestors
to find out which herbs and plants were good for them. In the
same way we must re-learn and gain our own personal
experience to which things are to our benefit.
Native
By: Ed Wkere Eagles Fly
When we look for Kchi Niwaskw every day, from
ordinary to extraordinary things happen to our spirit.
3/28/97.
Spirit works unconditionally, while we are pre-occupied
with the feast at hand. 2/7/97.
�AlnStak News© 98-2 April - May - June / SogaliUaS - Kikas - Nakkakigas 1998 Pa^e-10
Animal Tracks - Porcupine - K8gw
Porcupine hair - KSgwipiaso
Quiii - K8wi / Quill work - LBwiagigan
The Porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum, is a rodent
that is found in the coniferous forest areas of
Canada to Aiaska, down into western United
States, New Engiand, New York, Pennsylvania,
northern Michigan and Wisconsin. For the most
part, porcupines are tree dwelling in nature but
they can be found foraging in field settings.
Porcupines usualiy weight between 7 to 15 pounds
with some recorded exceptions up to forty pounds.
pebbly textured pad surface. The front feet have
only four toes as opposed to the five on the rear.
The front feet have long naiis which are also
visible in tracks, the rear nails are somewhat
shorter and may not show as well. The front track
is approximately 2 % inches long by 1 Vz inches
wide and the rear is 3 inches long by 1 % inches
wide, all of these measures may vary by 14 inch.
When tracking you are looking for an indirectregistering diagonal walking pattern. The front foot
is placed and the rear foot steps next to or slightly
ahead of the front. The short legs and wide body
makes its gait little more than a waddle with a
stride of 6 to 10 inches and a straddle or trail width
of 8 to 9 inches.
Porcupines urinate and defecate wherever they
are, except that accumulations of scat will pile up
near dens. Winter tracking identification is made
easy, since they urinate as they please their trail
will be occasionally marked by a yellow streak in
the snow. The urine is very strong pine or
turpentine smelling.
The porcupine is best known for its defensive
barbed quills that number in the thousands on its
back and tail. It is a slow moving animai that is
difficuit to excite. When confronted it can curi up
and bristle like a “live-pincushion.” The defensive
quills of the porcupine have microscopic barbs on
the outer ends. If it is touched or attacked the tail
flips up and the sharp quilis readiiy come ioose
from the skin. They can not throw their quiiis - this
is a popular misconception. The quiii barbs are
shaped such that they work deeper into the flesh
and can be fatal if the quilis work their way into the
organ cavity of the predator. Successfui predators
attack the belly area of the porcupine which is
relatively quill free.
Their diet is primariiy vegetarian in nature, most
often conifer bark and foliage, such as hemlock
which is preferred. Seasonaliy they aiso eat other
plants and the cambium of white pine, larch,
spruce, and fir. In the winter they may also feed
on the bark of the birch, oak, mapie, popuiar, and
beech.
The porcupine’s front and rear foot both have palm
and heel pads that merge together to form a single
Porcupine browse on sugar maple, white oak,
hemlock and occasionally apple, aspen, and black
birch trees. In the spring it will browse on the new
buds of the sugar maple. In the fall it feeds on
white oak acorns. They nip the branch ends off of
the trees so look under the trees for signs of these
nipped ends under trees. In the case of the
hemlock, look for a stunted tree, they will often
feed on the same tree for years until the tree starts
to suffer from the de-barking and branch nipping.
Porcupine prefer ledges with holes for denning but
will den up in any hole they find. Any permanent
den is close to their food source. In winter they
seldom go far from the den.
Porcupine scat depends on their seasonal diet. In
winter it is fibrous due to the bark. Typical scat is
pellet shaped similar to deer but they are more
�AlnSfeak News© 98-2 April - May - June / Sogalikas - Kikas - Nakkakigas 1998 Page-11
fibrous and have a stronger pine-like scent.
The porcupine was an easy food source to our
people. Its slow ways made it easy to capture.
The soft under-belly allowed for reasonable access
to its meat. Beyond this obvious food source it
also played an important part in our culture.
Prior to bead work our people used quill work to
decorate our clothing and other items such as
birch bark containers. The quills were cleaned,
colored, and cut to suit the pattern of the
decoration. The ends of each quill piece were
folded under to conceal the ends and the sewing
used to hold it in place.
Native Words By: Ed Wkere Eagles Fly
You may not have even wanted to say Thank You Creator,
but you just said it. The subtle power of the written word.
1/24/97.
Communication, even just by being present sends a silent but
visual message always. 1/24/97.
COWASS Nortk America
Adopt-A-Higkway Program
The first highway cleaning of Route 1-495 of the
year was on April 25. Although we had a small
group, we were able to collect over 70 bags of
trash and other large objects.
We were
disappointed that many people that said that they
would help did not show up. This left the burden of
the work on the few that lived up to their promises.
The tentative schedule for the remainder of the
year will be as follows: July 25, August 22,
September 13, and October 17.
used for educational and ceremonial purposes, will
be made from ash that was grown in this region.
This project will take at least 3 months to complete
but we hope to add these to our cultural center by
this Fall.
^ Contrikutions
As a result of the extreme rains that hit our Spring
gathering we suffered a major financial loss. The
funds that we raise at this event support nearly all
of our band activities. Until we recover we will be
limiting some of our expenses and may curtail
some program schedules for this year.
As a reminder to all of our readers, the Band and
nearly all of our activities are funded by
contributions. Without your continued support we
can not keep many of our projects going.
The Band is operated by COWASS North
America. Any donations given to us are tax
deductible as allowed by IRS regulations.
COWASS North America and the Franklin Food
Pantry are IRS 501 (c)3 non-profit charitable
organizations. Contributors will be acknowledged
and given yearly donation statements.
Native Words By: Ed Wk ere Eagles Fly
Love is like a ladder, each step we take must bare fruit before
we can take another step. 3/6/97.
Words flow into us and out of us like water. 3/6/97.
Franklin Food Pantry - Native Self-Flelp
This schedule is subject to the weather and road
conditions contact Tribal Headquarters at (508)
528-7629 for updates and details.
We are always looking for more tribal members to
volunteer to help on distribution day.
The
distribution is on the third Thursday of each month
from 5-8 p.m. in our Pantry, which is located at 80
West Central Street in Franklin, Massachusetts Hope to see you there.
^ Reference Likrary & Cidtural Center
Say Tkat In Akenaki - Ida ni Alnohaiwi
A traditional water drum and split-ash “slap-rattle”
were been completed and added to our cultural
center. The Red Hawk Drum has used them
during musical presentations to demonstrate old
Wabanki songs and dances.
Language lessons and Abenaki singing and drum
practice are being held on a regular basis during
meetings and workshops - call for details.
A
traditional
bow
maker was
recently
commissioned to research and make an Abenaki
bow and some arrows. The bow, which will be
‘To have” and ‘To be” are not auxiliary verbs.
To be
To Have
Aimek
WajSnomek
I am well
N’olidbamalsi
�AlnStak News© 98-2 April - May - June / Sogalikas - KiUas - Nakkahigas 1998 Pa^e-12
To be well
WIidbamalsimek
I am sick
To be sick
N’madamalsi
Madamalsimek
I am hungry
To be hungry
N’kadopi
Kadopimek
I am thirsty
To drink
N’kadosmi
Kadosmimek
I am cold
To be cold
N’kwaskwaji
Kwaskwajimek
I am hot
To be hot
N’kezabzi
Kezabzimek
To bring (animate)
To bring (inanimate)
PazwSmek
Padozik
To take care of something
(animate)
NanawalmSmek
To take care of something
(inanimate)
Nanawaldomzik
To like or reside
Wigimek
Would you like to meet that
girl?
Kwigi ba wanaskawS
na nSkskwa?
I met her last summer.
Kizi n’wanaskawSb.
I had met her quite a while
ago.
Wait for me!
N8wat na n’anakawSb.
Askawii!
Listen to me.
Tbestawikw.
Sometimes you do not listen
to me.
Sawi nda k’bestawiba.
Ask them if they would like
to come in.
Nadodmawa chaga
w’kadi pal8n spiwi
niona.
Let’s go and visit there.
N’n8dodaida taka.
Follow me.
N’nossokawikw.
Let’s take a puff on the
pipe.
Wikwalap8da
wdam8gan.
Let’s light it first.
Pla chegasa.
will be mailed in early October so get your
submittals to us by mid-September. Remember Please notify us when you move.
AlnSkak News© Comments
Our last newsletter marked the first time that we
had it printed on a press as opposed to photo
copied. We will continue to print in the future so
that we can use more event pictures.
Please submit articles, pictures, stories that you
can share with your tribal family. The next issue
Book Reviews - “Tke Emkattled Nortkeast”
This is an important work that has been over
shadowed by the recent books which emphasize
the Vermont Abenaki. Morrison takes a deeper
look at the overall Abenaki, French, and English
relations and how we were impacted by
colonization. He shows that the Abenaki adapted
to the post-contact world in order to secure our
lives. Many previous beliefs about us are revised
and we emerge not as passive reactors to
powerful Euramerican aggressors, but as active
participants in the history of our region.
The book was published in 1984 but is still
available from Barnes & Noble Books.
The Embattled Northeast.
‘The Elusive Ideal of Alliance in AbenakiEuramerican Relations”,
Kenneth M. Morrison,
University of California Press, 1984, 250+pages,
ISBN 0-520-05126-2 (hardcover)
List Price $52.50 / B&N Price $36.75
History - Akenaki Governance
The stereotypical tribal governments that have
been identified for most Native peoples nations
were not believed to be widely practiced nor
accepted by the Abenaki. The majority of the
Abenaki were semi-nomadic family groups. The
need for any hierarchy of leadership or
government was minimally needed. Relationships
between grandparents kept the clans together as
small bands. The small band size allowed for the
maximum mobility, group protection, and
survivability for our people. We were able to live
within small areas that were in a state of flux from
inter-tribal and colonial warfare, the ravages of
�AlnStais News© 98-2 April - May - June / Sogalikas - Kikas - Nakkakigas 1998 Page-13
disease, and colonial land settlement.
Our
relatively light skin complexion and ability to
communicate in Algonquin, English, and French
allowed us to inter-marry and acculturate to avoid
extinction.
Trading, treaties, and land takings that were made
with the bands were mostly meaningless to us as
a people. The colonial settlers and governments
thought that they were making agreements with
“regional” governments when in fact they were only
dealing with transitory family groups.
If you a interested in more about the Abenaki and
our government relations with the colonial French
and English you should read the book that is being
featured in this issue.
Native ^fords By: Ed WLere Eagles Fly
Truth is such a individual thing, that each person in a crowd
will tell us a different account of the same happening. 3/6/97.
It’s easier to say no than yes, and it’s harder to say, yes than
no. 1/28/97.
Traditional Life
A book of traditional practices and ways has been
started. A written text is being developed so that
oral traditions are documented for future
generations. Articles, stories, historical records,
and other reference materials have been complied
in this effort. Ceremonial sections have been
started for marriage, mourning, funerals, burials,
and pipe ceremonies. Sections have also been
setup for wearing apparel and clothing. Stories,
prayers, songs, and the wampum belt stories will
be a special section dedicated to long term oral
traditions.
Speaker Speaks
More and more I have learned the hard way that
tolerance and understanding in the Indian world is
disappearing.
There are too many sharped
tongued people that are quick to back bite and
tear a person or other group to pieces.
If you help someone or are kind to them, they are
suspicious of your motives.
Our Band has
provided assistance to numerous native groups
throughout the country. In almost every case we
we never get a thank you or other friendly word for
our consideration.
“Mr. Pouliot, we received the food and supplies,
but next time send money instead.” What hps
happened to us as people? Have we too become
a people that believes in “entitlemenf as way of
life? You owe me! I demand it - it’s my right to
get it for nothing!
This year, I have made over 30 open offers to
native groups in the region to provide assistance to
anyone in need. Not one response of any kind
has ever been returned. Again, the code of
silence and denial is used as a defense
mechanism.
When our Band started to work on our recognition
I was told that I would soon see that neighboring
Indians seeking or already federally recognized
would become silent towards us. The first rule of
membership in this BIA club is based on the denial
of others.
When I talk about this type of behavior, I am told
that it is the native way. What native way, what
tradition are we talking about?
Your help is not welcome. Next Time Send Money!
Maybe what we should all do is to make Native
America into one huge entertainment and
gambling industry. Native Amprica' Incorporated,
gambling, entertainment, cererhonies, hPritage,
and traditions bought, sold, and traded freely on
the open market. Many native people have gone
so far from the path that it probably will not matter
to them anyway so long as they receive their
“entitlemenf payments.
Those of you that are familiar with the writings of
Medicine Story should think hard about what he
has said.
All people were given “original
instructions” from the Creator. The instructions are
not some formal or written religion. They are a
way of life - to love and respect one another and
the world we live in. We as Native People should
be more aware of these instructions of life and
shouid live them more like our ancestors did.
N’al8gom8mek! - All My Relations!
I have spoken, Paul Pouliot - Sag8mo and speaker
for the Cowasuck People.
�AlnStak News©
COWASS North America, Inc.
P.O. Box 554
Franklin, MA 02038-0554
NON-PROFIT
- V
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
FRANKLIN, MA 02038
PERMIT 146
ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED
AlnSLak News© - Volume 98 / Issue 2
April - May - June - 1998
- tlXCJO^
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Abenaki
Description
An account of the resource
Traditional Abenaki territory encompasses what is now New Hampshire and Vermont, as well as parts of western Maine, western Massachusetts, and Quebec. The Abenaki people comprise numerous bands and communities. In the United States, at this time, none of those groups is federally recognized. The Canadian government formally recognizes two reserves, at Odanak (St. Francis) and Wolinak (Becancour).<br /><br />Resources<br /><br /><a href="http://tribal.abenakination.com/" target="_blank">Mississquoi Abenaki Tribal Council</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://www.elnuabenakitribe.org/" target="_blank">Elnu Abenaki Tribe</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://www.abenakitribe.org/" target="_blank">Nulhegan Abenaki Tribe</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://koasek-abenaki.com/" target="_blank">Koasek Traditional Band</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://www.cowasuck.org/" target="_blank">Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook Abenaki</a> (NH)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Abenaki Indians
Dublin Core
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Title
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<em>Aln8bak News </em>(April-June 1998)
Creator
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Pouliot, Paul W.
Date
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1998-04, 1998-05, 1998-06
Contributor
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Paul and Denise Pouliot
Grace Dietz, UNH Class of 2017
Rights
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Paul and Denise Pouliot. Used with permission.
Language
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English
Type
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Document
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pdf
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https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/180c3f4545864065e63acd31cdf01b34.pdf
11dd710342083df89805ce658793619e
PDF Text
Text
)
Alnobak News
COWASUCK BAND - ABENAKI PEOPLE
COWASS North America, Inc. - P.O. Box 554, Franklin, MA 02038 - (508) 528-7629
April - May - June 1995 - Volume 95 / Issue 2 - Page - 1
Sogalikas - Kikas - Nakkahigas___________
Cowasuck Band
Spring Gathering - Beaver Pond
The Spring Gathering was held at Chilson Beach
on Beaver Pond in Franklin, Massachusetts on
June 3-4. In spite of die rain that was received
each morning the sun came out just in time for
the opening of the day's activities. Native artisans
covering a diverse array of subjects and
representing every state in New England were
there showing and selling their artwork.
Over the weekend 200+ Native People and
approximately 4000 spectators participated in the
gatiiering. The event was also financially
successful, the majority of the contributions
received will go to the Franklin Youth Services
project to complete the construction of the youth
center.
The host drum. Iron River Singers, was backed up
by two other drum groups, the Society of Brothers
from Connecticut and the Red Hawk Drum. The
Red Hawk drum, which is the Cowasuck Band
Council drum, was used to create a "pick-up"
group which included Cowasuck men, Rob
Apataker and several of his women singer
friends, and other guest singers from the Micmac,
Lakota, and Navajo Nations. As a result the Red
Hawk Drum provided a wide variety of Northern
and Southern style music as well as specific
Abenaki songs. The three drums provided
enough foot stomping music to make even the
best moccasins "smoke" to the beat of the drums.
A special honoring song and dance were done in
memory of Raymond Pease, our West Coast
Council Sub-chief, who recently passed on in
May. We asked that all our ancestors who have
passed on to join us in the honoring.
Several demonstrations were performed during
the weekend. Basket making and “hands on”
lessons were done by Many Winds.
Blackpowder, candle making, shot making, and
contact period living demonstrations were
provided by William Smits and his wife. A
wigwam was also built to demonstrate eastern
Native American living arrangements. The
wigwam was used for shelter and a place to sleep
for some of our guests.
Stoiy telling was done each morning for the
children by Willow. As a special cultural
presentation was performed by Aztec dancer
Breeze who did the "Condor" dance to the Andes
music of Peruvian Nicholas.
Several Abenaki from the Missisquoi Band were
invited as brothers and sisters to join us in die
festivities. On Saturday nig^it the Cowasuck
Band held a communal feast for all those that
were at the POW WOW. Fire Woman gave a
prayer of thanks before the feast and Paul Pouliot
sang a gathering and honor song for the food that
Following the feast a Cowasuck Band Council
meeting was held - all that were present were
invited to hear about the Band's activities.
Speaker Paul Pouliot presided over the meeting.
A consensus was made to cancel the July
gathering and to go forward with the September
event The cancellation was due to site problems
and the concern about hot weather. The feeling
was that events scheduled for spring and fall are
best. Other issues and topics discussed included
the recognition process, membership
requirements, fimd raising, and several ongoing
and proposed grant projects.
�I
Ainobak News 95-2 - April-May-June / Sogalikas-Kikas-Nakkahigas 1995 - Page - 2
Statements were given by our elders. Fire Woman
and Grandfather Maple. Our Speaker invited
others to speak and a member of the Missisquoi
Band spoke and gave his best wishes from the
Missisquoi people. Our elders were pleased and
expressed our desire to live and work in peace
and good will with all other Abenaki and other
Native Peoples.
Following the Council meeting all die women
were invited to the Cowasuck Women's Circle
which lasted long into die evening. The women
reported that the Circle was a very uplifting
experience for them.
The POW WOW activities were concluded by the
singing of the American Indian Movement
national anthem. The Red Hawk Drum invited
all the singers of the other drums to join in die
grand closing. Over ei^teen singers were at the
drum including all the dancers and other singers
that joined in. The resulting song was performed
in unity and strength that typified the spirit and
good will that filled the weekend event.
1995 Gatherings & Events
The following Abenaki gatherings and events are
scheduled for 1995. We are requesting your
support, attendance, and assistance to make diese
upcoming events pl^surable and successful to us
all.
Odanak is northwest of Drummonville, Quebec
and is next to Pierreville on Route 132. The
travel time is about 2 hours from the Vermont /
Canada border.
Camping s{»ce is available but facilities are
limited. Rick CBomsawin is the gathering host,
he can be telephoned at (514) 568-0869 or
FAXedat(514) 568-6558.
** Summer Gathering - Canceled **
The Summer Gathering which was scheduled for
July 29-30 has been canceled by Council
consensus.
Manville Settler's Day **
A gathering and celebration will be held on
September 23-24 at the Manville Road & Gun
Club in Manville (Lincoln), Rhode Island. Our
Band has participated in this event for the last
two years. The club has requested that we
expand our involvement into a POW WOW so
diat the Native American influence on the
colonial period is better represented. The host
drum is the Iron River Singers and the Ogawanio
Society Drum from Odanak has promised to
come as well.
A Council meeting and Women's Circle will also
be held as time permits.
** Fall Gadiering **
The Odanak Gathering is going forward as
scheduled for the first weekend in July. Plan on
traveling, if you can, on Thursday, June 29,
because activities will be ongoing sduting on
Friday. Remember, the Canadians celebrate July
1st and not July 4th so most activities will end on
Sunday, July 2nd.
The Fall Gathering (Council & Women’s Circle)
will be held on October 14-15 at the Pouliofs
home the Red Hawk Lodge in Franklin,
Massachusetts. Arrival on Friday night is
encouraged, so that the activities can start on
Saturday morning This gathering is a social and
spiritual event. Craft demonstrations, open
discussions, cooking and nature lectures will be
prunaiy activities. Camping space is limited so
please notify us if you plan on attending. The
will be no public and trading will be limited
among ourselves.
�Alnobak News 95-2 - ^April-Magjnne_/_SogaUk^;;^kag;-Nal^higag 1995-Page^
Newsletter Comments &
Family News
We encourage all of our tribal family to write to
us - comments, letters, opinions, stories, poems,
or words of wisdom - send them in. This is yovir
family news network!
We want to print all family related news - births,
sickness, deaths, graduations, promotions, new
jobs, new homes - vriiatever is important to you
we will put it in the news so that we can all share
in our family relations.
Homer St Francis, of Swanton, was dismissed of
Jan. 6,1988 third-offense charge of driving while
intoxicated, and a disorderly conduct charge
stemming from an assault on a police officer in
Bericshire, May 11,1991. The one remaining
charge was levied during the tribe's fish-in protest
last fall.
The state's attorn^ said Tuesday that die criminal
charges were dropped on "the basic jxinciple that
a person is so ill that it doesn't make sense to go
forward." St Francis is seriously ill with cancer.
None of the charges against St Francis were part
of the 18 charges ranging from DWI to assault
upheld by the Vermont Supreme Court last
month, the state's attorney said.
Summarized from the County Courier. AjmiI 20,
1995, reporter - Marilyn Hackett.
Important Notice: If you are moving or otherwise
changing your address, it is imperative for several
reasons that you contact us with your new address
and telephone numb^. First, it costs us about $1
to print each newsletter and the original mailing
and return postage is $.60^ for each piece of mail
returned. Second, since we do not charge
subscription fees this wasted expense comes out
of funds that we could use for other programs.
Third, as we proceed into die recognition process
you may be "lost” or at the least listed as "address
unknown;" a situation that could result in being
dropped from the tribal rolls. It is not our duty
nor that of the U.S. Postal Service to keep track
of you - this is your responsibility to your tribal
family.
Vermont News ** Charges Dropped **
All charges except for one were dropped against
the chief of the Missisquoi Abenakis in
consideration of the chiefs health according to
Franklin County State's Attorney Howard
VanBenthuysen.
** Abenaki Get Grant to Study Bottling Plant **
The Governor’s Advisory Commission on Native
American Affiiirs landed a grant last week to
study whether a bottling plant for Native
American herbal teas and sjxing water in the
Swanton area would be financially feasible.
Acting Tribal Chief April St. Francis announced
Monday.
This isn't the first time the bottling plant idea has
been proposed, according to Dee Brigthstar, a
Tribal Council member \^bo said it has been
rejected in the past.
Chief Homer St. Francis thinks it is a good idea,
“fve read about water wars," he explained.
"Water is going to be more precious than oil."
Summarized from the County Courier. AjhiI 27,
1995, reporter - Marilyn Ifeckett
�Alnobak News 95-2 - April-May-June / Sogalikas-Kikas-Nakkahigas
** Abenaki Heritage Celebration Weekend
Summarized from the Countv Courier. April 20,
1995, reporter - Marilyn Hackett
On May 6 & 7 the third annual Abenaki Heritage
Celebration weekend was held in Hig^gate
Vermont. In spite of the cold weather, a large
number of Abenaki (Missisquoi and Cowasuck)
and other Native people attended the event.
** Bones Moved Will Now Find Peace At Last **
♦* Vermont Prison Hosts A Wedding **
The remains of 80 ancestors and their cherished
possessions were brought back by canoes to die
Swanton area last fall. At that time the tribe had
no firm commitment that they would be restored
to their original grave sites in High^te. That
assurance came last week as the Vermont
Legislature agreed to fimd the purchase of the
site. “The state will now take possession of and
move die house off the site and the pool and
septic system will be dug up,” said April St
Francis.
History was made in Franklin County Jail when
Peruvian Indian inmate, Juan Morales married
Dee Bright Star, Missisquoi Abenaki Tribal
Council member. This was die first marriage
performed in the 102 year history of the jail.
Morales was arrested in November and charged
with illegal entry into the United States. He
remains in jail while fighting deportation charges.
Summarized from the May 18, 1995 Boston
Globe "New England Briefs."
“It's not a victory," Chief Homer St. FraiKis said
of the conclusion of the sometimes contentious,
decade-old struggle to return their forbearers to
their final resting places. "Ifs a healing process knovring the ancestors are in their home site so
they can journey on to the afterlife in peace and
happiness."
The state's failure to rebury the remains has been
a major sore point for the Abenaki in various
negotiations for years. “The graves were
discovered in 1972 Mhen the owner of the
Highgate property put in a swimming pool,”
April St. Francis said. Bones, jewelry and pottery
were turned over to University of Vermont
archaeologists for study and then stored in
Montpelier.
In an attempt to ensure that a similar situation
does not occur again, the Legislature has included
two provisions in the deal. One makes it illegal
to intentionally disturb the grave of a Native
American. The other pro\ides tlmt any remains
in Vermont unintentionally disturbed - such as
unmarked graves uncovered during construction may be reinterred at the Highgate site.
Say That in Abenaki / Ida ni
Alnobaiwi
♦♦ Time of Day **
Kisokw
Kisgadiwi
Tebokw
Niboiwi
Sposowiwi
WTogwiwi
Paskua
Paskuak
Nowitebakad
Nowitebakak
Sokhipozit kisos
Nakilh^t kisos
WlSgwa
Saba
The day, a day.
In day time.
The night.
In the night
In the morning.
In the evening.
Noon, it is nooa
At noon.
Midnight, it is midnight.
At midnight.
Sunrise, at sunrise.
Sunset, at sunset
Yesterday.
Tomorrow.
�AlnobakNews95-2-April-May-June / SogalikashKijgsjfajdMhi^sl99Sj^Page^
West Coast Winds
** Family Events **
The Cowasuck Band West Coast Council held a
major "yard-sale" in May. Family, friends, and
neighbors donated loads of items and an ideal site
was provided by one of our tribal sisters. The
two day event resulted in over $600 of sales and
enough additional items to have another sale in
the near future.
The Council's goal was to raise enoi^ money to
get a drum. The money is more than enou^ to
purchase the drum and beaters that they were
seeking.
Several of our Band members are learning drum
and singing skills with the Miwok and ElDorado
Indian Coxmcil. They will now be planning on
developing their own drum. Hopefully, our
Native brothers and sisters on die West Coast will
be hearing Abenaki songs soon.
** Raymond Pease - Passes On **
Raymond C. Pease, elder and Sub-Chief for the
Cowasuck Band West Coast Council, passed on
suddenly on May 24th. Ray, who was 57 years
old, was very active in the Native American
affairs of the regioiL His dedication to the Band
and the ElDorado Indian Council will be missed
by all that knew him. He leaves behind numerous
family members. His family can be contacted at
4700 Old French Town Ro^ Shingle Springs,
CA 95682.
*♦ West Coast Council Words **
When I think about Abenaki culture today,
especially in the U.S., I think about change.
When I was growing iqi, during the 60's and 70's I
attended many POW WOWs, throughout New
England. I knew I was Indian, and that others
were either non-Indian or "Hobbyists." Back
when I was growing up we did not worry about
the tribe as much, it was as ifjust being
Northeastern Indian was enough. Today, I think
because of the Maine land claim and federal
recognition of many groups, we have become
extraordinarily concerned about identification.
Sometimes, I get very nostalgic for my youth,
because I remember gatherings of people where
politics was not a major factor in our community.
Being related or from a family was important.
Also part of the contemporary politics seems to
be discussion who is "really an Indirni?" The
most disturbing to me is that in some recent POW
WOWs in the Northeast, I have heru-d it said that
some of our elders are not "real Indians."
Reasons given for this are things like "He is really
an Italian who changed his name." "No real
Indian would use the term Pnncess," etc. I think
it is important to point out that I was raised to
know that being Indian is respecting our elrkrs,
not trying to discredit them. Maybe in the future
the term "princess" will not be used by our
people. But if this change occurs, it may be
because many of us want to look more
respectable in the eyes of our western tribal
neighbors such as the Lakota or Ponka. However,
it is important to know that until recently the term
"princess" was respected in some of our Indian
communities in the East This term stems not
from a desire to copy western Indians, but
because our cultural history is different from that
of the West. I may be wrong, but what I
remember hearing is that the term was used to
designate the female descendant of a chief or
"king." Designations such as "king" were given
to many of our leaders prior to the Revolutionary
War to give our leaders equivalent status to
European kings. Western tribes were not
occupied by European forces until after die
Revolutionary War, therefore they were never
given this terminology. Do we need to put down
or think less well of our elders simply because
they have continued to use a terminology that
tiiey heard when they were children? Again, I
�Alnobak News 95-2 - April-May-June / Sogalikas-Kikas-Nakkahigas 1995 - Paggj^
would like to say that maybe being Indian has
more to do with respect than it does with trying to
"look good." I hope that wdiile our elders are with
us, we may find more time to ask them questions
and listen to their answers because they hold our
culture, not people who grew up far away. I am
looking forwtud to seeing you all this Summer as
I and my new wife plan to be traveling to
Odanak, Quebec during July. Hopefiilly we will
have a chance to touch base with people in New
England. I really miss seeing my elders and
others I grew up with in the New England POW
WOW circuit.
Our thoughts here on the West Coast are witih you
all. Please send your prayers out to us.
Especially, remember Sub-chief Raymond Pease.
I feel very honored to have been able to help with
his fimeral in California May 26th and sing there,
as well as I was able, the Chiefs Honor song. His
&mily and friends miss him greatly.
Paul Tambuiro
Cowasuck Band Council Actions
Federal Recognition
Our Band recognition process has been slowly
going forward. The East Coast Tribal Council
has been reviewing mwnbership issues and "base
line" family groups. Consideration is being given
to determine if specific policy changes are
required to create two levels of membership. The
policy centers on die principle that citizenship is
either by blood relation rights, by marriage, or by
formal tribal adoption.
Note: This policy issue has impacted our
membership review and approval js'ocess
significantly. For those that have applied for
membership into the Cowasuck Band, but may
have not bwn approved or have not received a
reply from us - tlhs is the reason and we
apologize if you were impacted by this.
The Tribal rolls are being studied to identify
base-line family groups and inter-marriage
relationships. This is an important step and may
be a requirement to separate our Band families
from those of the Missisquoi or other identifiable
Abenaki groups.
The present consensus is that inter-mam^s
have made the segregation of the individual
Abenaki Bands, clans, and family groupings veiy
difficult to document and possibly not desirable.
Our Band Council may be required to make some
unpleasant decisions to remove whole family
groups from the rolls because of the actions of the
most outspoken leader or elder of dieir group.
For example, the whole Knight or Lussier
families may have to be removed from the rolls
due to the lack of other leadership from those
groups to speak on their behalf. In the future we
will be contacting family group elders to
determine their family status within the greater
Abenaki family circle.
On the matter of recognition, we sfrongly
recommend that all family elders and leaders
gather family stories, oral traditions, pictures,
records, and any documents that provide
information on your ancestiy. These types of
information are as critical to our recogmtion
process as are genealogical and ethnological
documents.
Women’s Circle
The Women's Circle met in May at an ancient
Blue Heron rookery (nesting site). The meeting
was held at this location in respect to the birds
and due to the fact that they had returned to the
site to nest.
To the Abenaki, the Blue Heron is a sacred bird
because it appears to stand and pray to the
Creator. An honoring song was done for them
during the meeting. The drumming and singing
did not scare them at all. They seemed to enjoy
having us join tiiem.
�Alnobak News 95-2 - April-May-June / S^jika»^ikasjfaldMhiffli8j[9^^JPag^^
A Women's Circle was held at the June POW
WOW. All women were invited to participate.
Women's medicine and spiritually to deal with
tribal problems and issues were the key matters
addressed.
Native Words
April 7,1995 - To Chief Paul, the Council, and to
Our People.
In the news letter you asked, what is it we need or
expect of being a recognized Band, and which is
the right path for us to follow (para-idirasing it)
and I would like to say (speaking for myself only)
-T.IVEFREEORDIE.''
When the Great Spirit gave our People this place,
a long time ago, in a time before time, made the
hills, and trees, the blue sky, flowers and fields.
For all that lives gave clear water, full with life
and beauty. Then filled this place with many
spirits, ai^ made the people one with the forests.
Through the ages tested our faith, made us strong
and beautiful. A People with pride, as human
beings, with a spirit, an absolute freedom of will.
When Viking ships first touched our shores, with
carved serpents perched upon the bow, Norsemen
with sword and shields, they found our People
alreatfy living here. Then when flie Dutch and
French began to explore, and when the Pilgrims
later came, our People welcomed them, and
shared vriiat tiie Great Spirit has given us. But we
were forced to take sides, some went this \ray
some that. So we foi^t in the disastrous wars
between the French and British. We fought again
with our French and American allies against the
British, in the American Revolution. We suffered
at Fort Ticonderoga, at the battles of Lexington,
Concord, Bunker Hill, Albany, Montreal, (Judxx;
and on the lakes and water ways so vital, over
vriiich great amounts of supplies, food, weapons,
shelters, and of our People were given up to the
American Revolution. Our People were the
direct link between our French allies and to our
American allies by supplying them from the
north. So we are not a conquered People but
allies from the start The American Revolution
vs^ won but the war was not over. Soon the
Continental Congress would ignore us, and our
rights as allies, and new people would settle in on
our lands, left unguarded by our weakening in the
Revolution, and by illness. In between the
American Revolution and the war between the
Blue and Gray, was a very dark time, when
Congress could not see People as People.
Some were given rights, considered as people.
Some people were as property, and some (whom
Congress didn't even count) as animals. (If we
were still "classified" as animals we would have
to be on an endangered list, and have a right to a
habitat and to propagation!)
Shouldn't we have the same rights that we had
when we joined with our allies the Americans
and French?
Shouldn't we have a home for the People
someplace cool, green, and aUve. A place to
meet, to be together, to share, and cany on our
culture. Or to retreat into wilderness, hunt, fish,
or be alone. A place to visit ourselves to pur past.
To live as true human beings should, without
constraints upon our liberty! To pray freely,
come and go as we wish, to defend ourselves, and
to marry whomever we wish, as free people may.
Perhaps many of us would live there, many may
not, either way we would have a place, where we
could, preserve it as it was, with our People intact
in communion with the forest and Great Spirit.
It would be intolerable to live in a world were
there are no-more free human beings, and this to
me is the meaning of "LIVE FREE OR DIE."
Thank you for OUT tinre and consideration.
Mark R Nault, Kounhquodt Wobe Mukquoshm
P.S. I hope all is well, and plan to see you all at
the spring ^thering. Peace - Mark.
�Alnobak News 95-2 - April-May-June / Sogalikas-Kikas-Nakkahigas 1995 -
Medicine Bag - Dandelion
Dandelion - leontodon taraxacum, commonly
called blow ball, wild endive, lion's tooth, or
cankerwort, is a member of the sunflower family
"Compositae."
water, steep for 1/2 hour or more, cool and drink
three or four times a day.
Next time you look down at your lawn and see
that yellow flowered weed you may want to
change your opinion about the medicine
blessing that Mother Earth gave us in the
This plant is extremely adaptable and easy to
grow, it was once native to Greece but is now
commonly found world wide and in active growth
year round. In this region it grows from April to
November.
Dandelions appear as a rosette of shiny gjeen
tooth-edged leaves. The tubular flower stem is
approximately 6 inches in height and has a single
yellow flower. The flower matures into a white
fluff ball that allows the seeds to be carried by the
wind. When cut, the root and stem will yield a
milky white sap.
The fibrst "spring" leaves that develop can be used
in salads or cooked as "greens." The leaves
contain very high levels of Vitamin A, as well as
Vitamins B, C, and G. The root is die medicine
part - it shoidd be collected wiien the plant is in
flo\^«r and dried for storage.
The Dandelion is mild, wholesome, and safe - it
possesses several medicine influences as a
diuretic, tonic, stomachic, aperient, expectorant,
and deobstruent. It is used for dropsical and
urinary complaints as well as for atonic
dyspepsia, rheumatism, and female organ
disorders.
The Dandelion creates a natural organic nutritive
salt that purifies the blood and destroys acids. It
has great opening, cleansing, and blood
purification qualities and is very effective for
disorders of the liver, gall bladder, spleen, and
other diseases that impact die biliary or^ns such
as jaundice. It is also a good agent for skin
diseases, scurvy, scrofula, and eczema.
It can be easily prepared from fresh or dried
plants as a tincture or tea. For infusions as a tea,
fill a cup with green leaves or 1 teaspoon of
dried, powdered, or cut fresh root, add boiling
2 Quarts
Freshly picked Dandelion
Blossoms
1 1/2 Cups
FineCommeal
1 Tablespoon Water
2
Eggs
1/4 Cup
Oil (Nut oils preferred, such as
Walnut)
Pick blossoms when flowers are in full bloom,
just before using. Wash and dry. Add water to
eggs and beat well to make a dip mixture. Heat
oil in cast iron skillet until hot. Dip, one blossom
at a time, into egg and then into the commeal to
coat the flower. Put blossom into hot oil, saut6,
turning often until golden. Drain excess oil by
placing cooked blossoms on brown paper. Serve
hot or cold as a snack or vegetable side dish.
�Alnobak News 95-2 - April-May-Jane / Sogalikas-Kikas-Nakkahigas 1995 - Page - 9
**
Reviews - Books / Tapes / Videos
Creation's Journey. Native American Identity and
Belief
National Museum of the American Indian
Smithsonian Institution, 1994
Tom Hill & Richard Hill, Editors
ISBN 1-56098-453-8
250+ Pages, $35.
This is anotiier large museum picture format
book. It contains a large number of exhibits,
objects, historical pictures, clothing, and art that
has been seldom been seen by anyone other than
museum staff. There are many items of from the
northeast tribes, including several examples of
Micmac clothing and baskets.
COWASS North America
** Tribal Book store**
The Tribal Book Store continues to have an
extensive sui^ly of Abenaki subject related
history and language books. For information
contact COWASS North America, Inc., P.O. Box
554, Franklin, MA 02038 or (508) 528-7629.
The following books are available for sale
through the trilxil store:
nrhft Wahanaki's of Maine & the Maritimes by
the American Friends Service Committee = $28.
Western Abenaki by C. Collovwiy = $18.
Alnohaodwa. Abenaki Lmiguage Book & Tape by
J. Brink & G. Day = $13.
Aunt Sarah by Trutfy Paricer (signed) = $40.
Metallac & Prince of Darkness (2 book set) by
Alice Noyes = $28.
Abenaki & English Dialogues by Joseph Laurent
(reprint of 1884 grammar book) = $20.
College Assistance Program **
Starting in September 1995 the Cowasuck Band,
through Cowass Nortb America, will be granting
college assistance to qualifying Band members.
A fund is being established by personal donations
and matching funds will be provided from tribal
fund raising activities such as our public
gatherings The goal of the program is to provide
funding for books and materials to college
students of our Band in return for providing tribal
community service or support. The actual
amount of the individual grant will depend on the
number of qualified applicants and amount of
funds available each year.
Applications will be reviewed by the east and
west coast Tribal Councils during the month of
August Applicants are required to submit their
name, address, telephone number. Band number,
documentation of enrollment at a college, and die
courses being taken. To qualify the applicant
must submit a statement or letter of their needs
for assistance and what services or support that
they will be willing to provide in return to our
tribal conununity. This is not meant to pressure
anyone to do work but to build Tribal community
spirit and cooperation.
For example, Cowass North America and its
sister orpnization the Franklin Food Pantry
provide community su^Jort in the Franklin area.
Volunteers and workers are always needed for the
Adopt-A-Hi^way program, food drives. Pantry
help, children's Christmas
program, and POW
WOW activities. The west coast Council could
use assistance with their fund raisers or helping
Doris Nickles with the children's {xogram that
she is running. Ifyou need details on these
activities or other ideas contact us.
To make this a continuing and successful
program, donations from our Tribal family and
other Native supporters will be gratefully
accepted.
�Alnobak News 95-2-April-May-June / Sogalikas-Kikas-Naktaihigas 1995 - Page-10
Land Fund **
A land base in our ancestral territory is a
critically important and ftmdamental matter in
regard to our existence as a Band and tribal
organizatiorL At present our Band consists of two
coastal councils with family clans concentrated
around each location and numerous families
spread out between the two primary su'eas.
Historically, the Abenaki lived all over the New
England and eastern Canadian provirujes so the
location of the Tribal Council and business
headquarters in Franklin, Massachusetts is not
significant issue of concern. Nevertheless, we
still lack a common land base that we can call our
the center of our ancestral home-lands.
Our current proposal is to purchase or otherwise
g3in the controlling interest over a land site in the
New England area, preferably New Hampshire or
Massachusetts. This site would be used for
cultural and spiritual events; and for educational,
environmental, recreational, and repatriation
programs. A tribal goal was established over a
year ago to address this issue, but little action has
taken place due to die lack of resources.
In consideration of our ongoing recognition
process we must put a more definitive plan in
motion to identify our land needs, requirements,
use, location, and resources. Our initial thoughts
were to establish a land "reserve" as opposed to a
"reservation.” A site that is undevelop^ natural,
or conservation land is the primary objective.
The ideal location should be heavily wooded
(Pines) with a pond, stream, or other natural
water supply on site.
Based on these primary objectives we will
develop various plans and options to secure the
land through grant, stewardship, or purchase.
Aity course of action that we pursue will prcdiably
cost thousands of dollars for the purchase,
improvement, insurance, and maintenance of the
jffoperty. To get moving on this matter we have
established a Land Fund. As we did with the
College Assistance Program, we will be seeking
donations, grants, and matching funds.
Any donations (including land that could be used
for land swap agreements) from will be gratefully
accepted There are many ways to get to our
objectives and for you to help. For example,
small parcels of available land fix>m several sites
could be consolidated irrto land exchanges from
which the proceeds could to used to swap or
purchase one primary site. Tax-taken property is
one source of small parcels. Conversation lands
may be available that require maintenance and
stewardship. Forested land that needs re-planting
may be an also be an alternative suitable for our
future generations. If you put a little effort into it
you will be amazed what you can do - so let's go
for it!
** Donations & Contributions **
Cowass North America is a federally recognized
non-profit charitable social services 501c(3)
organization that was incorporated in the state of
Massachusetts for the Cowasuck Band.
Contributions made may be used as charitable
donations as applicable and approved by Internal
Revenue Service regulations. Documentation for
tax purposed will be provided to contributors if
requested. For information, donations, or
applications please contact COWASS North
America, Inc., P.O. Box 554, Franklin, MA
02038-2951, (508) 528-7629.
It is important to note that some corporations and
employers will provide matching fimds to
charitable donations of employees and
individuals. Contact your personnel department
where you woik to find out if they will match
your contribution, this is a quick and easy way to
double our funding efforts.
�Alnobak News 95-2 - April-May-Jime / Sogalikas-Kikas-Nakkahigas 1995 - Page - 11
Thank you to all of our recent contributors. We
still have a “wish list” of items that we could use
if you have a source for any of the following;
Food and other su|)plies for the Food Pantry.
Office supplies and copy paper.
A FEMA grant was awarded to the Pantry, the
funds were used to purchase additional food from
the Rhode Island Food Bank. The Pantry was
also requested to assist the Massachusetts Surplus
Food (USDA) Program witii the distribution of
some excess food.
Portable electric generator (for events).
Outdoor soimd system / P.A. system (for events).
**
Adopt-A-Highway Project
Covrass North America has adopted a section of
the 1-495 inter-state highway in Franklin,
Massachusetts. The section has been identified
by signs showing that "THE ABENAKI PEOPLE"
have adopted it.
To adopt the highway, an agreement was made to
clean the outer grass strips of a two mile section
six times a year between April to November.
** Excel Telecommunications; Make Money for
Our Band and You with an EXCELlent
Opportunity!
Our grant writer has been researching various
economic proposals and grants to provide jobs
and a continuing revenue source for our Band.
One such business proposal is from Excel
Telecommunications. EXCEL is a competitor in
the long distance telecommunications industry
such as MCI, Sprint, and AT&T.
Anyone that lives in the Franklin area that wants
to participate in this ongoing monthly program
should contact us for clean-up dates. We would
like to set up two crews of 4-6 people each to
work on each side of the hi^way. We have
gloves, trash b^, trash pick-up sticks, and safety
vests, so all we need is you to walk with us.
We are excited about fiiis new opportumty that
should benefit all Native Americans who
participate. EXCEL's opportunity was introduced
by Dawn Duncan, a Native American grant writer
who has raised over $5 million dollars for
organizations in Massachusetts.
In respect to Mother Earth we started our first
clean-up effort to coincide with "Earth Day"
celebrations that were held world wide on April
22. Groups such as ours that participated in Earth
Day clean-up jHojects were given special
recognition for supporting the "Adopt-A-Highway
Excel offers savings on long distance service and
income for people who work in the business part
or full-time. The company was incorporated in
1988, and already brings in over $155 million per
year (it grew by 400% last year). Truly, the
income potential for people involved with the
company is astounding!
program.
♦♦ Franklin Food Pantry
The Food Pantry has been officially incorporated
in Massachusetts as the Franklin Food Pantry,
Incorporated. Linda Pouliot is the president,
Mary Lou Barrette, treasurer, and Paul Pouliot,
clerk. Recognition from the Internal Revenue
Service as a non-profit 501c(3) organization is in
progress.
We are creating an EXCEL organization for three
purposes; 1) To generate funds for our band, 2)
To provide an income opportunity for all Native
Americans interested in participating, and 3) To
help us all save money on our long distance
telephone calls.
When you become an EXCEL representative, you
will make money for yourself and for the band
due to the design of the compensation plan. Your
income will depend on the time you are willing to
�Alnobak News 95-2 - April-May-June / Sogalikas-Kikas-Nakkahigas 1995
spend. There are some training and
organizational set-iq) fees, depending on the level
of involvement desired, but these are quickly
recovered once you stert bringing customers and
representatives on line with EXCEL.
Take this test. If you score more than 5+ points,
you may be at high risk for diabetes, and you
should see your doctor to find out if you have it
If the statement is not true for you put in a zero
for that question. To add your score, total the
values for each YES question that corresponds to
Our goal is to sign up 25+ people as management
representatives, 250+ family members, and as
many other people as possible. There is no limit
to how many people that we can involve in this.
The more we get, the more every one will benefit
firom this.
you.
Representatives will work part-time during hours
they choose. The income that you make for
yourself and the Band depends on your ability to
bring customers on line with the EXCEL
network. The selling point of EXCEL is that you
rstn save up to 50% (as compared to the ofiier
major telephone companies) on long distance
telephone calls.
All training will be provided by EXCEL at
meeting locations in your area. For more details
contact our headquarters at P.O. Box 554,
Franklin, MA 02038 or (508) 528-7629.
1. I have been experiencing one or more of the
following symptoms on a regular basis;
SCORE
YES=3
Excessive thirst
YES=3
Frequent urination.
YES=3
Extreme fatigue.
Unexplained weight loss. YES=3
Occasional blurry vision YES=3
I am over 30 years old.
YES=1
My weight is 20 percent above
YES=2
\^4iat it should be.
4. I am a woman \^o has had a baby
weighing more than nine pounds
at birth.
YES=1
5. I am of Native American decent
YES=1
6. I jun also of Hispanic or
African American decent. YES=1
Native Self-Help
Are You At Risk For Diabetes? Know the Score!
7. I have a larent with diabetes.
YES=1
Could you already have diabetes and not know it?
Millions of people have undiagtmsed cases of
diabetes. It's a serious, lifelong disease that
exhibits few symptonK in its early stages.
8. I have a brother or sister with
diabetes.
YES=2
If you are of Native American descent, of if
diabetes exists in your family, you are more
susceptible to it b^ause it is a genetic condition.
Even if you do not have diabetes, know the
symptoms. Ifyou experience any of them in the
fiiture, see your doctor. Diabetes can lead to
kidney disease, blindness, heart disease, stroke,
and circulation disorders.
If you are over 30 years old and overwei^t, your
chance of getting diabetes is still more likely.
Your Total
For more information, contact your local
American Diabetes Association.
�Speaker Speaks
I ask you all to remember and jway for our brother
and Sub-chief Ray Pease yAio suddenly passed on
in May. We have so few good leaders among our
People that his passing will leave us with a ^eat
loss. I pray for the strength of his family, friends,
and our West Coast Council - that they will cany
on in his spirit.
I thank all those that came, worke4 danced, and
sang during our Spring gathering. Some of you
worked many hard, hot, sleep-less, and weary
hours to make the event successful -1 thank you
deeply.
As your speaker, my word and work for you and
the success and survive of our People is my
absolute and uncompromized purpose. Asa
result, I seldom have but a few moments to talk to
anyone in great length during the gathering. I
apologize to you all for not being able to spend
more time with you. My sense of duty is to the
well being and ^X)d will of all the Abenaki
People and our invited guests.
I saw many new faces of our People at the
gathering - but I am concerned that an equal
number of old feces were not there. For those of
our Abenaki People that did not make the
gathering I pray that they are in good health and
that they may be ^le to make our next gathering.
Far too many of our people do not seem to be
able get out and gather with their Abenaki
relations, this is too bad because it is at these
gathpring<; when we renew our friendships and
preserve our Abenaki culture.
Last year at this time scnne of our People were all
ready for unity and pe«5e but many of our leaders
wanted to follow the war path for their own
conquest. Names were being called, rumors were
flying tbrniigh the air in all directions. Secret
meetings were held and evil whispers prevailed.
Chiefs, matriarchs, high councils, and other lofty
titles were being made and broken so often that
there was no order. Many people did not
understand - they were lost in the confusion - tom
between their friends and family. Worst of all,
good people were being destroyed because they
stood against this insane behavior.
As it was last year, the POW WOW season has
started with smoke in the air, the trouble makers
are again trying to do their evil bidding - to
challenge our ways and to divide Our People.
I have told you many times there is only one path
- the traditional path of our ancestors - and that
troth remains. It troubles me that some of our
tribal family remain lost on their path and pursuit
of false ideals.
We must go on, be firm in what we believe, be
patient, be slow to make hasty decisions, and
slower yet to anger. Time, no matter how slow it
seems to move, will always provide the
oi^rtunity to reflect, to feiiik with your heart
and mind, and to choose the right path in your
life's journey.
I pray for all our relations that have passed on
since last year, I pray that the Creator take and
guide them to our ancestors that have passed on
before. To fee living, I give great thanks to all of
my relations and firiends that stand and work wife
me to preserve who we are and v^t we stand
for.
I pray for all those fee are ill - in body and spirit that they, again be well and walk fee traditional
path of our aru^stors -1 ask that you too pray for
them for they are all our relations.
To All Our Relations -1 have spoken, my name is
Paul, I am speaker for fee Cowasuck People.
�ODANAK GATHERING
JUNE 29 - JULY 2,1995
ODANAK, PQ, CANADA
HOST DRUM - OGAWANIO SOCIETY
MANVILLE GATHERING
SEPTEMBER 23-24,1995
MANVILLE (LINCOLN), RI
HOST DRUM - IRON RIVER SINGERS
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�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Abenaki
Description
An account of the resource
Traditional Abenaki territory encompasses what is now New Hampshire and Vermont, as well as parts of western Maine, western Massachusetts, and Quebec. The Abenaki people comprise numerous bands and communities. In the United States, at this time, none of those groups is federally recognized. The Canadian government formally recognizes two reserves, at Odanak (St. Francis) and Wolinak (Becancour).<br /><br />Resources<br /><br /><a href="http://tribal.abenakination.com/" target="_blank">Mississquoi Abenaki Tribal Council</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://www.elnuabenakitribe.org/" target="_blank">Elnu Abenaki Tribe</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://www.abenakitribe.org/" target="_blank">Nulhegan Abenaki Tribe</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://koasek-abenaki.com/" target="_blank">Koasek Traditional Band</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://www.cowasuck.org/" target="_blank">Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook Abenaki</a> (NH)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Abenaki Indians
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
<em>Aln8bak News </em>(April-June 1995)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Pouliot, Paul W.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1995-04, 1995-05, 1995-06
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Paul and Denise Pouliot
Grace Dietz, UNH Class of 2017
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Paul and Denise Pouliot. Used with permission.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Document
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
-
https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/d9223b770f7d1a83d4d32d95022e6c3b.pdf
8145ea8f8d110f4c7f23398ecb36bf07
PDF Text
Text
ALNOBAK NEWS
COW ASS NORTH AMERICA INCORPORATED
160 DAILEY DRIVE, FRANKLIN, MA 02038-2951
(508) 528-7629
ALNOBAK NEWS - SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1994 - VOLUME 94 ISSUE 5 - PAGE 1
Globe. Yvonne Daley (9/4/94) are noted.
*** NEWS LETTER COMMENTS ***
So much is happening and so quickly that
we can not keep up. The newsletter is fast
goinff from a monthly format to a quarterly
wrap-up report.
In some ways this will
work out for the better considering the
many things that we are involved in and
the reporting time that we need to hear
from our far removed families.
Many people have given us great reviews
on the spirit and contents of the
newsletter. We will continue work towards
the goal of making this the communication
newtwork for all of our People.
Due to printing and postage expenses
(which amount to over $1.00 each) we will
be requesting donations to assist us or else
we will have to limt free subscriptions to
Band
members
and
other
tribal
organizations.
-m-
-W—
*** ABENAKI DENIED RECOGNITION ***
On August 22nd Vermont Governor Howard
Dean announced the rejection of "limited
recognition" for
the Abenaki.
The
Governor's Advisory Commission on Native
American Affairs, which requested the
recognition in June, reacted with dismay at
the Governor’s decision. Members of the
Commission were concerned that this action
would deny the Abenaki of cultural,
educational, and economic benefits that are
given to recognized Native American groups.
A spokesman for Dean stated that he
received a legal opinion that there is no
such thing as "limited recognition." It was
furthermore noted that any recognition
would also open other issues - such as land
claims and gambling interests.
Several New England newspapers reported
on this matter. The Burlington Free Press.
Richard Cowperthwait (8/24/94) and Boston
*•* FIRST LIGHT GATHERING **♦
The First Light Gathering was held on the
weekend of September 3-5 in Athens, Maine.
The gathering was represented by Abenaki
families from all over the United States and
Canada. The Cowasuck Band made a good
effort to participant in the gathering.
Possibly the furthest distance traveled for
our people was Doris Nickles and family
members that came from California.
*♦* FISH-IN PROTEST **»
About 200 people participated in a protest
fish-in on the Missisquoi River in S wanton,
Vermont on Saturday, September 10th.
Game wardens issued 93 fishing violation
citations to people that did not have
licenses. This event was staged to bring
attention to Missisquoi Band demands to
return their aboriginal rights to fish.
Several New England newspapers reported
on this matter. The Burlington Free Press.
Richard Cowperthwait (8/24/94) and Boston
Globe. Yvonne Daley (9/4/94) are noted.
OcS-HV CXt-^O^
** VERMONT LIFE & VERMONT MAGAZINE **
Recent issues of Vermont Life and Vermont
Magazine contained feature articles on the
Abenaki People.
In depth and personal
stories about several of our friends were
included. The stories were very well done
- including many photographs and personal
interviews.
"Return of the Natives", Vermont Life,
Yvonne Daley, Autumn 1994.
"The First Vermonters", Vermont Magazine.
Richard Ewald, December 1994.
�ALNOBAK NEWS - SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1994 - VOLUME 94 ISSUE 5 - PAGE 2
utensil carving, bead work, black power
weapons, hide tanning, and candle making.
*** MANVILLE HERITAGE DAYS **»
On the weekend of September 24-25 the
Voices of Creation and several Cowasuck
People participated in the Manvilley Rhode
Island heritage days celebration. A wigwam
was constructed and detailed with the food,
herbs, tools, and other items to reflect the
daily life of an Abenaki of that time period.
Several skills and crafts projects were
demonstrated during the event.
Fire
starting, rope making, bead work, story
telling and herbal discussions highlighted
the presentations.
*** TRIBES MEET IN WASHINGTON **♦
^
This
September,
representatives
from
several
un-recognized
tribal
groups,
including Abenaki representatives, were
invited to meet with the Bureau of Indian
Affairs in Washington, D.C. to discuss inter
governmental relations.
This action was taken in response to
numerous complaints that previous meetings
this year between Native Nations and the
United States were restricted to only those
tribes that are recognized by the BIA.
»** COWASUCK GATHERING ***
The Cowasuck Band held a traditional
gathering on the weekend of October 21-22
at the Manfredi Farm in Westerly, Rhode
Island. The theme of the gathering was
traditional living and skHls.
Wetues (wigwams) were constructed on the
site to demonstrate building techniques.
Several of the youth used these structures
during the gathering.
A cooking fire pit was prepared for the
communal cooking that was provided
throughout the weekend. Many traditional
foods were prepared using smoked fish,
venison, game birds, several types of
squash, beans, corn, wild rice, berries, and
nuts.
Craft and skills demonstrations showed open
fire cooking, fire starting, rope making,
stone pipe work, pipe stem making, wooden
Drumming, singing and dancing was held
each night around our social fire that was
setup within the camp site. Much to Tom's
(Thorndike & Bea M'Sadoques) surprise we
honored him with a special POW WOW style .
birthday song.
During the gathering we had several guests
that came from the Pequot and Narragansett
Nations. They were welcomed and joined in
our celebrations of feasting and singing.
We give a special thank you to Bonnie,
Rich, and the whole Manfredi family for
making us welcome to use their beautiful
farm for our gathering.
**» STEVE LAURENT HONORED ***
Several tribal groups met at the Abenaki
Trading Post in Intervale, New Hampshire
on October 30th. The Dawnland AUiance,
Cowasuck Band, New Hampshire Inter-tribal
Association and other Abenaki People
gathered to honor and assist Abenaki elder
Steve Laurent to close up the Trading Post
facilities for winter.
Much of the work
centered on repairs of the traditional
structures and the winterizing of the other
buildings.
We feasted and sang in honor of Steve
during breaks in our work. We all enjoyed
the beautiful
fall
weather
and
the
friendship of one another. We parted with
promises to work together in the future.
*** FOOD PANTRY - ON THE MOVE ***
The Franklin Food Pantry continues to
function in spite of many difficult operating
problems.
The Pantry was originally
operated from the basement of the Franklin
Senior Center.
Last year the Town of
Franklin got funding to refurbish the
center with a grant that had conditions
that the Pantry would be relocated in the
new facilities.
�ALNOBAK NEWS - SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1994 - VOLUME 94 ISSUE 5 - PAGE 3
As a result the Pantry was forced to move
and temporarily share a bank owned vacant
buildingr with a local Baptist Church. This
shared arrangement worked fine for about
a year but the church found a permanent
home and the Pantry was left alone.
America. It should be noted that our Band
also donated $1,500 to the Franklin Youth
Center Project this year.
q
The original schedule for the repairs called
for completion in early 1994. The deadline
for the opening has been continuously
delayed on a month to month basis
throughout the year. The bank grew weary
of the delays and finally asked that the
Pantry vacate the building by November
6th.
The Alnobak Women's Circles met on
November 12th and December 3rd. A moon
lodge has been setup for ceremonial
purposes in Franklin.
The women have
found that the lodge is large enough for
meeting with the other Women's Circles of
the region.
So far the Massachusetts,
Rhode Island and Connecticut groups have
met this Fall. A comprehensive program of
women's medicine and spirituality is being
developed and shared between the groups.
Future meetings will be held on Saturdays
on the new moon.
With no where to go we got several of our
Band people together with their trucks and
vans to pack and move the food and
equipment.
Arrangements were made for
temporary storage for everything until we
could develop an emergency operating plan.
During our packing a gentleman who saw
our moving efforts, asked us what was the
matter with the Pantry. When we explained
our problem to him he immediately gave us
$500 to rent a storage trailer. As a result
of his fantastic gift we have rented a
trailer and the St. Mary’s Church has
allowed us to set it up on their property.
The Pantry will continue to distribute food,
food gift certificates, and aid through the
holidays.
The Paumtry hours will be
Thursdays 6:30 - 7:30 pm., Fridays
9:00-10:30 am., and Saturdays 9:00-10:30 am.
We hope to be in the renovated Town
Senior Center by the first of the year. All
requests for food, clothing, or other
assistance should be directed through
COW ASS North America until the Center is
back in operation.
Donations of food,
clothing, money, and volunteer help should
also be directed through us, contact Linda
Pouliot for details.
For those that do not know about our
community services projects, the Franklin
Food Pantry is actively supported by our
Band. Several of the Pantry Board officers
and volunteers are Abenaki People from our
Band. The Pantry has grown to be one of
our major community assistance projects
from which we provide our personal
support and the resources of COWASS North
WOMEN'S CIRCLES »*»
oQpo
^
For information please contact Linda Pouliot
at (508) 528-7629.
»*» WORCESTER ART MUSEUM ***
An exhibit of Native American art and
culture has been on display in the
Worcester (Massachusetts) Art Museum since
late September.
Each weekend special
presentations and demonstrations have been
made to highlight the exhibit. Abenaki
People from all Bands have been involved
with the exhibit.
The opening night ceremonies featured the
Voice of Creation Drum which is comprised
of Abenaki People from all over New
England. Jeanne Brink (Missisquoi) made a
presentation on basket making in October.
The Iron River
Singers
(Abenaki
Wampanoag) were the host drum on
November 13th.
During the November family day event on
the 13th, members of the Cowasuck Band
were invited to setup an educational
presentation. The Band provided a display
of several different styles of split ash and
sweet grass baskets that covered the past
100+ years to present day works. Another
feature of the display was a language and
book sampling that represented literary
works from the mid-1800's to the present.
�ALNOBAK NEWS - SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1994 - VOLUME 94 ISSUE 5 - PAGE 4
In addition to the display, Paul Pouliot was
invited to participate in a panel discussion
and public forum on Native American issues.
♦** EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS ***
The Cowasuck Band has been involved in
several educational programs at schools in
Massachusetts and Rhode Island. We have
been very thankful to have Sue and Gary
Bliven available to provide the time that is
required to put on the presentations and
discussions for the children. It has been
a very positive sign of the times that more
and more educators are giving us the forum
and opportunity to address the children in
an effort to correct the misconceptions of
colonial history and our Native culture.
***
PUBLIC & PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT *»*
The Cowasuck Band has gone public to
solicit professional support in several areas.
The resources and funding that are
required to maintain the Band and its
programs and services come from donations
and the private support of individuals and
organizations that agree to the importance
of our efforts.
At present we are actively soliciting
professional assistance and grant writing in
several areas: art, business management,
cultural preservation, land, legal, literature,
social services, and research (historical and
genealogical).
If you wish to join our efforts you may do
so in any way by contacting us at our
headquarters. To your benefit - all gifts
and
donations
of
monies,
materials,
equipment, food, clothing, services, and
other assistance are tax deductible as
allowed.
We thank
you for
your
**» COWASUCK BAND COUNCIL
***
The existing Band Council and Elders have
agreed through consensus to revise the
Band Tribal government and establish two
representative voting councils, the East and
West Councils. This action was taken to
of
provide a more responsive form
government that could take action to deal
with the many timely issues and matters
that are impacting the Abenaki People at
this time. Past open forum tribal business
meetings had to have restricted agenda due
to a lack of a sufficient number of members
and families.
This often delayed actions
and decisions or reqiiired several meetings
to get a consensus. This revised type of
representative government takes the burden
of responsibility from a uncertain number
of people and places that duty on specific
representatives of the People.
Overall
these revisions are more administrative in
nature, all People will retain their equal
rights to be heard.
The leadership and representation of the
Cowasuck Band of Abenaki People is still
based on the Council of the People which
includes the collective input of the Band
Officials, East Council, West Council, Elders,
Regional Representatives, Committees, and
COW ASS North America, Inc. At least one
meeting will be held each year to hear,
receive and act on the collective input of
the People of the Band.
The East and West Councils have seven
voting members with voting determined by
consensus.
The voting members have a
three year term of office and will be chosen
by the Coiincil of the People. The Council
Chief, Sub-Chief(s), Matriarch(s), Judge(s),
or Elders can preside over meetings and
may mediate to settle a lack of consensus.
The East and West Councils will meet on a
monthly basis on the first Friday of each
month or as required to conduct Band
business and affairs.
Regional Representatives report and act for
the respective East and West Councils and
the Council of the People and to represent
the People of their respective region. The
Council Chief, Sub-Chief(s), Matriarch(s),
Judge(s), Historian, Genealogist,
Legal
Advisor(s),
Elder(s),
and
Regional
Representatives are chosen and shall remain
in their respective positions until requested
to be replaced by the West and East
Councils and approved by consensus of the
Council of the People.
�ALNOBAK NEWS - SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1994 - VOLUME 94 ISSUE 5 - PAGE 5
The
positions
of
Judge,
Historian,
Genealogist, and Legal Advisor will be
professional or committee positions that will
change with our needs and may not
necessarily be members of our Band. The
Judges and Legal Advisors will be Native
American legal experts and attorneys. The
Historians and Genealogists wiU be also be
chosen for their expertise and knowledge of
our Band families.
The East and West
Sub-Chiefs will act as the traditional Band
officials for these positions and will be
responsible
to
coordinate
the
work
performed by these individuals.
The COW ASS North America, Incorporated
shall have a minimum of three voting
members and voting determined by a simple
majority.
At least one annual business
meeting will be held and financial report
made to the Council of the People.
The Elders Council, which includes all
members over 60, shall be convened when
their collective wisdom is required to give
input, guidance, and direction to the
People.
All other standing (Newsletter, Gatherings,
Social, Cultural, Educational, Land, Fund
Raising, Legal, Recognition) and other
committees will be established and convened
as required or requested by the East and
West Councils.
*»* BAND RECOGNITION *»»
The Cowasuck Band East and West Councils
have agreed to proceed with federal
recognition through the U.S. Bureau of
Indian Affairs (BIA). A standing committee
was established in the East and West to
work on the filing process and details.
Overall, this will take a considerable amount
of money and time. Most importantly, we
need everyone's cooperation, input, and
support on this effort.
Please take note - the tribal rolls and
records are being reviewed to determine
the
active
members
of
the
Band.
Unfortunately, this is required because
there is no one unified Abenaki nation or
set of records to work with.
We realize
that over time some people may have gotten
listed on more than one set of records.
This action is being taken to make our best
effort to clean up our rolls so that there
are a minimum of duplicate entries.
If there is a number next to your name on
the address label of this newsletter you
and your family are considered members of
this Band. If you ARE (and no number is
shown), or ARE NOT a member (and a
number is shown), or if you wish to be
REMOVED, or ADDED to our records, please
notify us immediately at the address above.
We will confirm your notification in writing
so that there is no mis-understanding or
other record keeping error.
At this time we are also requesting all
members to submit aU family oral traditions,
stories, pictures, and any other information
that
illustrates
your
family's
native
background. For example, interview family
elders for stories of the past, family
meetings, places (lived, hunted, or fished
at), or other sources of family history.
Make copies of records, Bible entries,
pictures, birth certificates, and any other
documents that can be found and forward
them to us. Even the smallest or seemingly
minor bit of history may play a significant
part in our recognition efforts.
If you
have any comments or concerns about this
recognition process and its impact on you
please contact us immediately.
A A A A A
^
*** ODANAK BED & BREAKFAST INN ***
The O'Bomsawin’s have opened a bead and
breakfast inn on Waban-aki street in the
Odanak Reserve. The inn is called Ndaldna
Ngwol Nosis (The Land Where We Dream). It
is a single family home with two bedrooms
and plenty of floor space for sleeping bag
accommodations. The primary purpose of
the inn was to provide additional overflow
space for the many people that stay with
Donna and Rick. Rick plans on also using
it for youth training programs that require
�ALNOBAK NEWS - SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1994 - VOLUME 94 ISSUE 5 - PAGE 6
staying overnight. The inn will also allow
for a limited number to people to stay
within Odanak without having to find other
accommodations which are many miles away.
In response to our strong Band support of
the people of Odanak, all Cowasuck Band
members will be given reduced rates when
staying at the inn. Telephone (514) 5686468.
We thank the O’Bomsawin's and wish them
good luck and success with the inn.
***
DONNA O'BOMSAWIN - DIRECTOR ***
Donna O'Bomsawin has accepted the position
as Health and Safety Director of the Odanak
Reserve.
She takes charge of this
responsibility in December.
We pray for
her strong women's medicine.
group, and Ogawinno Youth Drum is in need
of your support. We are seeking financial
contributions to aid in acquiring a lodge
(building facility) where the youth have a
place for meetings and cultural gatherings.
The lodge will grow into a place where
people of all ages are welcome to share in
teaching and learning of tradition values
and historical facts.
Our aim is to reintegrate our heritage with
today’s lifestyles. We feel it is important to
us, the youth, to reclaim and rebuild our
dying culture with the help of those that
have kept it alive within themselves.
We would appreciate a donation of $20 or
any other amount to help us achieve our
goals. All contributions can be sent to the
Ogawinno Society c/o and payable to Rick
O’Bomsawin, 2029 Tolba, Odanak, PQ, Canada
JOG IHO, telephone number (514) 568-0869.
The Ogawinno Society would like to thank
you in advance for your support.
»** ODANAK YOUTH ♦**
During the July gathering at Odanak the
Cowasuck Band gifted the traditional people
of Odanak with a drum. Since that time the
youth of Odanak have formed a strong
drum and singing group called the
Ogawinno Society (The Sleeping Ones Bear).
The youth are planning an
Elder-Youth Christmas party in December.
Gifts will be given to the young children of
the village and the elders will be feasted.
***
CRAFT STORE
***
Next time you go to Odanak make sure to
drop in at the Ndakina (The Land Where
Our Children Grow) Craft shop of the
O’Bomsawin’s.
It is also on Waban-aki
street. Telephone (514) 568-6468.
*»* OGAWINNO SOCIETY SPEAKS
Kway, Kway - Nidoba,
The Ogawinno Society, a non-profit youth
Oliwni, Oliwni - Speaker for the Youth Rick O’Bomsawin.
*** ABENAKI LANGUAGE BOOKS ***
The first volume of the Day Dictionary
(Abenaki to English) is available from
Canada at a cost of $28. For details and
updates on the availability of Volume 1 and
Volume 2 (English to Abenaki) please us.
The 1884 Abenaki & English Dialogues book
of Joseph Laurent has been reprinted. A
master of the original work was created and
cleaned up so that clear and legible copies
could be mass reproduced.
This book is best used in its context as a
grammar guide in conjunction with the
other language tapes and dictionaries. The
book, which is over 200 pages in length is
an invaluable source of information that
assists you in the overall language learning
process. The COW ASS North America Tribal
Store has a limited number of paper back
copies available at $20 each.
�ALNOBAK NEWS - SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1994 - VOLUME 94 ISSUE 5 - PAGE 7
*** TRIBAL STORE **»
pictures.
The tribal store has a excellent selection of
Abenaki books and Native art-work for sale.
The proceeds from these go to the artisans
or cover the some of our operating
expenses to purchase other books and
educational materials.
Our position has
been to promote and support Native
authors, artisans, and projects.
Many historical pieces of art are illustrated,
most of which are in color. Overall this is
a good additional to any Native American
reference library.
All inquires
and
orders
should
be
forwarded to COWASS North America at 160
Dailey Drive, Franklin, MA 02038-2951,
telephone (508) 528-7629.
The Wabanaki’s of Maine & the Maritimes =
$28
Western Abenaki by C. CoUoway = $18
Alnohaodwa Abenaki Language Book & Tape
by J. Brink & G. Day = $13
Aunt Sarah by Trudy Parker (signed) = $40
Mp.tallac & Prince of Darkness (2 book set)
by Alice Noyes = $28
Abenaki & English Dialogues by Joseph
Laurent (reprint of 1884 book) = $20
**♦ BOOK REVIEWS ***
We have been visiting the major book
stores in the Boston area over the last
year. The number of Native Americaui books
and materials that are becoming available
are overwhelming. More and more stores
are dedicating large sections to Native
American studies and history. One recent
visit found over 500 different books in
stock.
The following book is an excellent example
of the high quality large format illustrated
reference books that are being published.
This one is of specific interest because
there is a significant effort to cover the
Nations and People of the North East and
New England.
The Narragansett and
Wampanoag People are highlighted, including
contemporary commentary, interviews, and
500 Nations. An Illustrate History of North
American Indians
Alvin M. Josephy, Jr.
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1994
Hardcover, 468 Pages - Price $50
ISBN 0-679-42930-1
757
*** WEST WINDS ***
}
Many people in the American Indian
community have been talking about the new
energy that seems to be growing across
this continent. The energy shows itself as
a renewed interest in traditional and
spiritual ways. For me to look back over
the last 30 years I am amazed at the
differences in our Indian community. The
present number of pow wows, socials, and
people following the traditional way was
unimaginable to me years ago.
I always
hoped and prayed this would happen, but
it's almost unbelievable to the degree it
has!
Now many people are talking about a
destiny or purpose for all of this. I think
there must be some reason why our
tradition is coming back along with our
interest in both spiritual and alcohol free
ways. Perhaps things have gotten so bad
that we have no choice but to find ways to
heal. The healing we all long for includes
the planet, our human kind, our Abenaki
Nation, and the Cowasuck Band.
When I talk to traditional elders about this
healing and the needs of our children and
the future, I am reminded of the power of
circles. The circle symbolizes unity. We
need to be together not just in body but
also in energy.
When I think about why we lost so much in
the past - land, water, children, everything
- I realize that we had become a divided
people. Over the years we have argued.
*
�ALNOBAK NEWS - SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1994 - VOLUME 94 ISSUE 5 - PAGE 8
backbit, and in other ways promoted
disunity mainly to serve egos and self
interest. I feel, and I have been told by
traditional elders, that we do not have the
time for this anymore.
We send our condolences to Gary and Tammi
Nance who lost their two children Misty
Marie and Kevin Wayne in an auto accident
on November 5th. We send our prayers to
them.
I support our Band's decision to request
federal recognition. This might be a way of
solidifying our families and our unity. We
need to help each other through the
process. It is important to keep in mind
that tribal and band politics is family
politics - sometimes we are so close and
involved with each other we forget to look
at the overall picture and see the good.
That is why I started with a reminder of
how far we have come.
Wayne Pease, who has been raising wild
turkeys for our elders to hunt, has lost 17
birds to a mountain lion. The lions here
have been coming down out of the forest to
the low lands.
There have been many
sightings and reports of live stock and
animals killed.
Last year a woman was
killed by a Hon on a jogging trail in the
town of Cool (California), not more than 30
miles away from Placerville.
If we want the healing of ourselves, our
Band, and families, and even this continent
and planet, we have to start somewhere. I
think we need to focus on the unity and
circles by starting to support what is good.
We do not have time to play negative games
if we want to do this. We need to work
together or we probably will not keep what
we still have.
I hope this letter helps give a little "pep"
talk to us all. There are so many good
things going on I am just amaized when I
hear people putting down others, back
biting, or trying to create problems.
We
have plenty of problems people! Let's get
together our energy, unify and start
solving them in unity. Most important, lets
focus on what is good and help it to grow.
I would be happy to hear from anyone. I
teach social work and anthropology at
Heritage College on the Yakima Indian
Nation in Washington State. I am regularly
in contact with our Band members out here
and back east.
There is a lot of good
going on now for us as Abenaki People and
I feel we can support each other and
continue to do more!
We do have some good news, Ray Pease
went to Nimbus Dam and picked-up 1,200
pounds King Salmon. They were split up to
all local families and other Native Americans.
We have also finished our first food drive
for needy families of the West Coast, our
next food drive will be a longer one to help
more families.
We are stiU trying to raise money to buy a
drum. Bob Pease and Larry Robinson have
been going on Sunday and Wednesday
nights for inter-tribal drum practice.
Here is a poem by Barbara A. Nickles:
"A Tear"
A tear falls down his face, for things this
earth can not replace.
Once he stood on mountains high, when
eagles soared the clear blue sky.
It was his place, it gave him birth,
It was his home, his mother earth.
His days were peace, his place he won.
He worshipped life and father sun.
Paul Tamburro
Now his spirit soars, where eagles fly as he
watches from a smog fUled sky.
A tear falls down his face, for things on
earth we can not replace.
*** WEST COAST FAMILIES SPEAK ♦**
Adio - Recording Secretary Larry Robinson
The families of the West Coast - Cowasuck
Band have some good and bad news.
�ALNOBAK NEWS - SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1994 - VOLUME 94 ISSUE 5 - PAGE 9
*** NATIVE WORDS ***
"My Ancestors" by Bonnie Manfredi
They lived in love and harmony and prayed
for, the best for their family.
They worked and laughed and received
great peace in their hearts.
They weren't dumb but oh so smart.
They were simple, happy and free,
little things meant a lot you see.
May the Blessing’s Be - Ed, Where Eagles
Fly
^
Roll your own cigarettes to help you stop
smoking tobacco.
<-<-<-<1 ounce
1 ounce
1/4 ounce
1/4 ounce
1/4 ounce
Smoking Mix ->->->->
Red Clover Tops
Colts Foot
Thyme
Rosemary
Yerba Santa, or Comphrey, or
Horehound, or Slippery Elm
(Mullein may also be used)
Lavender Flowers
They sang, they danced and they gave
thanks for everything.
Everyday had meaning, every summer,
every spring.
1/4 ounce
They came close, so close to extermination.
But to give up, NEVER, because they
prayed for me, "The Seventh Generation."
*** COW ASS NORTH AMERICA ***
I Give Thanks to Them, Red Basket
Thank you to those that have contributed
to the tribal organization.
+++ Current Tribal Wish List +++
**» MEDICINE BAG ***
This issue we decided to address the issue
of tobacco use and smoking. Often we are
asked about sacred tobacco mixes and
blends.
The following comments and
smoking recommendations come from our
dear friend and spiritual advisor, Ed Where Eagles Fly;
Smoking is the special and holy act of
giving honor to CREATOR, given to man as
a tool of prayer by The Great White Buffalo
Calf Woman.
When man abuses tobacco, CREATOR is
forgotten. Enjoyment meant for CREATOR is
taken by man for the pleasure of SELF.
The result of taking from the CREATOR is
HABIT.
If we can change OUR ATTITUDE it will
break it's hold on us, as two thoughts
cannot be thought at the same time.
Give to CREATOR, what is meant for Creator.
Food for the Food Pantry.
Copier (high volume).
Office supplies and copy paper.
Native American art.
Portable electric generator.
Outdoor sound system & speakers.
VAN (in running condition).
For those that want to make contributions
of money or equipment, please direct them
to COW ASS North America, 160 Dailey Drive,
Franklin, MA 02038. Since we are a non
profit organization contributions are tax
deductible as applicable.
*** ABENAKI WORDS
SAY THAT IN ABENAKI
Ida ni Alnobaiwi
"Time in Words”
"Seasons of the Year"
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Siguan
Niben
Taguogo
Pebon
�ALNOBAK NEWS - SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1994 - VOLUME 94 ISSUE 5 - PAGE 10
The Lakota contact is Lisa High Wolf,
Healthy Start Program, P.O. Box 427, Pine
Ridge, SD 57770, telephone number (800)
395-7137.
"Days of the Week"
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sanda
Kizsanda
Nisda alokan
Nseda alokan
Jaw da alokan
Skawatukwikisgad
Kadawsanda
The Odanak contacts are Donna or Rick
O'Bomsawin, 2029 Tolba, Odanak, PQ, Canada
JOG IHO, telephone number (514) 568-0869.
For more information auid a list of
addresses on Native self-help programs
contact Jackee Allen at P.O. Box 139, Ironia,
NJ 07845, telephone number (201) 584-8817
(after 8PM).
"Months of the Year"
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Alamikos
Piaodagos
Mozokas
Sogalikas
Kikas
Nakkahigas
Temaskikos
Temezowas
Skamonkas
Penibagos
Mzatanos
Pebonkas
For all correspondence with her - please
send a self addressed envelop and return
postage.
Additional postage stamps and
money donations are greatly appreciated so
that other mailings can be supported.
*** 1995 ABENAKI GATHERINGS »**
»♦* WEST COAST LIBRARY ***
The west coast library continues to be
expanded.
Any Native American subject
book, tape, or other contribution (drum,
money, food, or craft materials) will be
welcomed and they can be sent directly to
Doris Nickles, P.O. Box 2044, PlacerviUe, CA
95667.
*** NATIVE SUPPORT **»
June 3-4
COWASS Spring Gathering
Franklin, Massachusetts
(508) 528-7629
Please continue to write letters to anyone
and everyone in state
and
federal
government to request the release of
Leonard Peltier. He continues to need our
help since it may require the help for all of
us to set him free.
\
The Cowasuck Band (COWASS North America)
has sent shipments of Christmas gifts to
the People of Odanak and the Lakota
Healthy Start Program at Pine Ridge. Both
groups can use any help (gifts, money,
food, supplies, etc.) that you can provide.
o
O
/V-
July 1-4
Odanak Abenaki Gathering
Odanak, Quebec, Canada
(508) 528-7629 or (514) 568-0869
~>'
»** NATIVE HELP PROGRAMS ***
The following Abenaki gathering and events
are being proposed for 1995.
We are
requesting your support, attendance, and
assistance to make these upcoming events
pleasurable and successful.
A
A
A
July 29-30
COWASS Summer Gathering
Massachusetts - Location & Details TBA
(508) 528-7629
September 23-24
Manville Settlers Day
Manville Rod & Gun Club
Manville, RI
(401) 769-0699 - Jack Howland
October 14-15
COWASS Harvest Gathering
Franklin, Massachusetts
(508) 528-7629
I
�ALNOBAK NEWS - SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 1994 - VOLUME 94 ISSUE 5 - PAGE 11
»»» LET US EAT & DRINK **♦
Micida ta Gadosmida!
The following recipe is from Dale Carson,
Abenaki author of Native New England
Cooking. Indian Recipes for the Modern
Kitchen.
Native American cooking was often a matter
of available foods as dictated by location
€uid time of year. Vegetable dishes of all
sorts were common fare. The following is a
good example of using what ever is at hand
or in our day and age the use of
"left-overs."
<-<-<-< Indian Vegetables >->->->
4
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1/2
1/4
Strips of Bacon
Large Onions, Sliced
Cups Sliced Green, Yellow, Summer or
other Squash
Cup Cubed Eggplant
Cup Cut Green Beans
Cup Whole Baby Carrots or Quartered
& Split Carrots
Bell Pepper (Red or Green) Sliced
Pound Mushrooms (Small Whole or
Sliced)
Can U2-16 ounce) or equivalent
Tomato Sauce
Can (16 ounce equivalent or more)
Red Kidney Beans
Can (16 ounce equivalent or more)
Chick Peas
Pound Ground Meat (Beef, Buffalo,
Venison, Pork, etc.)
(Any combination of meat to suit your
taste)
Cup Rice (Wild Types Preferred)
Cup Molasses
Parsley, Garlic Salt, Sage, Marjoram,
Thyme, and Chili Powder
Serves 12
This dish is best cooked out-side over an
open fire in a very large skiUet, but it can
be just as successful cooked inside on your
stove. You can vary the recipe each time
by using what you have available.
The
only vegetable I would not recommend is
beets.
Some
vegetables should
be
par-boded. Corn is a great addition.
Saute the bacon, remove and save. Saute
the onions in the bacon fat, add peppers,
mushrooms, and other vegetable and meat
and cook for 5 minutes. Before adding the
rest of the ingredients, season with
parsley, garlic salt, sage, marjoram, thyme,
and chili powder. Now add the balance of
the ingredients and saute about 15 minutes.
This dish is delicious when served with a
green salad, corn bread, and apple sauce,
Indian style.
SPEAKER SPEAKS
***
I have received a lot of questions in regard
to "what have you been doing" or "where
have you been?"
Well, my family and I
have been going all over New England
participating in a wide variety of Native
American events, most have not been on the
usual POW WOW circuit. As you can see in
the previous stories our Band has been
very active in traditional gatherings as well
as educational and social service activities.
Help and assistance is our way of life - my
hand has been out in peace to all that want
to accept it. There is no more time to be
spent on negative issues. Our lives are too
short to worry about things that do not
really matter. It is better to make a clear
path ahead and into the light than to beat
the bush in the dark frustration of anger
and desperation to level all that surrounds
you.
We pray for our family members that are
lost in the dark, we pray that they wiQ
someday join us - we will continue to walk
the true path.
Paul Poiiliot
�^OWASSVORTH AMERICA, INC.
160 DAILEY DRIVE
franklin, MA 02038-2951
address
CORRECTION & FORWARD REQUESTED
NON-PROFIT ORG.
U. 8. POSTAGE PAID
FRANKUN, MA 02038
PERMIT 146
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Abenaki
Description
An account of the resource
Traditional Abenaki territory encompasses what is now New Hampshire and Vermont, as well as parts of western Maine, western Massachusetts, and Quebec. The Abenaki people comprise numerous bands and communities. In the United States, at this time, none of those groups is federally recognized. The Canadian government formally recognizes two reserves, at Odanak (St. Francis) and Wolinak (Becancour).<br /><br />Resources<br /><br /><a href="http://tribal.abenakination.com/" target="_blank">Mississquoi Abenaki Tribal Council</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://www.elnuabenakitribe.org/" target="_blank">Elnu Abenaki Tribe</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://www.abenakitribe.org/" target="_blank">Nulhegan Abenaki Tribe</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://koasek-abenaki.com/" target="_blank">Koasek Traditional Band</a> (VT)<br /><a href="http://www.cowasuck.org/" target="_blank">Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook Abenaki</a> (NH)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Abenaki Indians
Dublin Core
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<em>Aln8bak News </em>(Sept-Dec 1994)
Creator
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Pouliot, Paul W.
Date
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1994-09, 1994-10, 1994-11, 1994-12
Contributor
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Paul and Denise Pouliot
Grace Dietz, UNH Class of 2017
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Paul and Denise Pouliot. Used with permission.
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English
Date Created
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May 9, 2017
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Document
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pdf
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https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/ac7e71d547278d6b8080eafb07d4858c.pdf
84b3071d5744255a793941d2b2f4cca9
PDF Text
Text
Wabanaki Legislative Update ~ SprinQ 2000
Offensive Name law passed by Maine Legislature
iA
k waits Governor’s Signatured
Tan Kahk,
Greetings1
Dear Tribal Members,
Welcome to the second edition of the “Wabanaki Legislative Update.” This
newsletter is put together to inform the public on Legislative issues that affect
the native communities of the Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Micmac, and
Maliseet. I have enjoyed my first session in 1999 and look forward to my service
in the year 2001 next session.
In the Second Regular Session we will be addressing the following issues:
• LD 2418 An Act Concerning Offensive Names
• LD
An Act to Implement the Recommendations Concerning
Indian Archeological Sites
• LD 2178 An Act to Amend the Act to Implement the Maine Indian
Claims Settlement Concerning the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians
• LD 2499 An Act Concerning the Date by Which Land Must be Acquired
by the Penobscot Nation
• LD 3210 An Act to Change the Name in the Statutes of a Native Ameri
can Organization Able to Issue Hunting and Fishing Licenses
The bill. An Act Concerning Offensive Names, has received much national
media publicity and this shows that Maine is a leader in this area that address
issues such as this. We have held interviews with 2 in-state radio stations, 5 outof-state radio stations, and 2 British radio stations; also, an interview was taped
with ABC’s 20/20 show, (which was very badly reported). Your help in the
passage of this bill was the deciding factor, especially the young women who
stepped forward to speak from their hearts, thank you.
Other measures that we followed closely, which may have an impact on the
native communities, involved the Department of Human Services, especially
child welfare, education, and marine fisheries bills.
Be part of the process; let your voices be heard! I would like to hear from
you on issues, which may help our communities. If you have any questions or
concerns, please feel free to contact me at any of the following numbers:
State House 287-1400
Indian Township office 796-2301 ~ Pleasant Point office 853-2600
Mobile 461-8673 ~ email: soctomah@nemaine.com
Passamaquoddy website www.wabanaki.com
Welcome to the Second Regular Session of the 119th Legislature. This is
called the short session, and is comprised mostly of carry over bills and emer
gency measures. Carry overs are bills that were not acted on in the First Regular
Session. Emergency bills are determined by the Legislative Council to be of an
emergency nature. This session is scheduled to adjourn in early April 2000.
Again, in a joint effort, we bring you the second edition of the Maine Tribal
Legislative News/Wabanaki Legislative Update, in one complete format. Items
of interest are a history section and current issues, including an in depth look at
the offensive names bill, LD 2418, sponsored by Representative Soctomah. Also,
included are photos of Wabanaki Day, which was held at the Statehouse last
session.
We have charted our proposed bills for this short session with a brief expla
nation of each one, as we did in the first edition. You have shown your support
for these bills by attending the public hearings. Your presence spoke louder than
words! If you have comments, concerns or questions, please do not hesitate to
contact me either by telephone, snail mail, or e-mail, as follows:
Telephone/Fax 207-737-2608
55 North Front St., Richmond, ME 04357
dmldab @wiscasset.net
I wish you health and happiness for the new millennium.
Yours in the Spirit of Unity,
//
.
/vj, / * * /*<?
----
-/-
Donna M. Loring
Penobscot Nation, Tribal Representative
Wabanaki Legislative Update
Rep. Donna Loring
55 North Front S t, Richmond, ME 04357
Rep. Donald Soctomah
P.O. Box 102, Princeton, ME 04668
Woliwon, Thanks,
Donald Soctomah
Tribal Representative, Passamaquoddy Tribe
Printed at the expense of Representatives Soctomah and Loring
�OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
Testimonials for and against LD 2418 - An Act Concerning Offensive Names
—Patricia Smith Ranzoni,
Bucksport
Because of medical troubles I
was unable to attend the hearing on
the bill to remove the word “squaw”
from M aine place nam es; and for
same reasons do not feel up to the
letter this subject deserves. Neverthe
less, I must add my voice, and the
voice of my family, to the record on
behalf of this important legislation
and appreciate the opportunity to in
sert testimony, however inadequate,
this way.
From the time I learned we are
d escended from E uropeans w ho
settled on land belonging to Native
Peoples, I have sought to educate
m yself and our family on what is
known and unknown about our part
in history here as related to the tribes.
This path could only lead to great
sorrow, as well as humbling gratitude
for an “old love, too, between us,”
as I have written in my poetry in
honor of generational relationships
between some N ative friends and
some in our line.
It has long troubled me that our,
M aine’s, First Peoples are routinely
expected to support special efforts—
days, conferences, discussions, occa
sions, organizations, legislation and
so forth— aimed at promoting “diver
sity” and an understanding of and be
tween other races and cultures here,
while their own situation and dis
crim in atio n s o ften rem ain o v er
looked or discounted. The matter of
the usage of squaw, a remnant of old
thinking, in much the same way as
“nigger” has come to be seen, is but
one example.
One can only guess how it must
feel for tribal members to have to
appear before a legislature made up
of descendants of those who invaded
and, by means not wholly honorable,
as the record shows, took over their
homelands, to ask for understanding
in this matter of great meaning for
their people.
If M aine’s Native Peoples aren’t
included in what is meant by recent
efforts toward cross-cultural respect,
then the easy term “diversity” rings
hollow; and without the hard and
painful work to hear and act upon
what is needed to make things right,
is nothing but a hollow, false, and
cruel term with little more meaning
than any other social fad.
From reports in the newspapers,
tribal representatives and members
have articulated most clearly, pas
sionately, and successfully the ratio
nale for their request. They are their
own indisputable source.
I want to speak, also, as a woman
here. Having no right to call M aine’s
first and least known women “sis
ters,” I nevertheless, stand with them
in outrage against the reality of what
this word has meant in their lives.
That non-Natives have inexcusably
endowed this word with shame, here
and around the world, is irrefutable,
having been docum ented through
both folk and scholarly histories. It
can never be righted but through
changes the Natives, themselves, ask
for in order to retrieve their honor.
Please listen.
Let it not, again, be solely about
the lesser profit of business, but this
time, about the greater profit of hu
man respect. We cannot undo what
has been done, but we can begin new,
now that we know. We can return the
mountains, rivers, islands and points
to the Native women of this place in
this way. First, proclaiming sorrow
for what has been taken, then invit
ing them to name these places in a
new spirit of presence we can honor,
protect, and celebrate with them.
Please.
For our family, ancestors and de
scendants.
please turn to page 3
Maine’s Native Americans Gain Passage of LD 2418
by Representative
Donald Soctomah
As we enter a new millen
nium, I have hope for a better
relationship between the native
population and the State of
M aine. In order for us to achieve
this improved relationship, we
must end 400 years of hurt and
discrimination. We must learn to
live together peacefully, by hon
oring and respecting each other.
This hope was the motivat
ing factor behind legislation that
would end the use of a demoral
izing and dehumanizing term in
the State of Maine.
The passage of this bill by
the Maine House or Represen
tatives and Senate will soon be
signed into law by Governor
Angus S. King, Jr..
It w ill rem ove the word
squaw from place names in the
state.
This is not an issue of politi
cal correctness. It is about basic
human decency and respect for
one’s fellow citizens. The new
law protects an under repre
sented group in our state, native
women. Our wom en-grandmothers, mothers, and daugh
ters, are all entitled to protection
against basic human rights vio
lations, such as the use of demor
alizing language. The driving
force behind this bill is hundreds
of native women, who are con
tinually offended by the use of this fensive, derogatory words. Native assaulted by two men, who con
women have the right to define tinually yelled, “you dirty
slang word.
The Thesaurus of Slang iden themselves.
squaw ” as they repeatedly
tifies the word “squaw” as a syn
We need to grow and under kicked her.
onym for prostitute,, harlot, hussy, stand that the use of the term
In 1998, there was a high
and floozy. The dictionary identi squaw shows a lack of compas school fight that eventually
fies this word as one that is used sion to human beings, it is hard turned into a racial incident. N a
for the general population to imag tive girls were called squaws,
to offend native females.
After generations of exposure, ine how hurtful a word can be un this resulted in death threats be
the word squaw is seen as a neu less it is directed toward them, ing painted on the walls.
This new law sends, with
tral word to the general public. But their culture, or racial background.
Rep. Gerald Talbot worked great effectiveness, a goodwill
to native females this word con
tinues to be a slanderous attack diligently in 1974 to remove the message of understanding to the
against them and their culture. ”N” word from place names in Native people of this state:
Violent incidents occur more of Maine. He had to convince other Maine will stop sanctioning the
ten near the native communities, representatives how hurtful and use of offensive words, which
where the clash between cultures hateful this word is to Maine citi dehumanize and exploit the na
zens and its visitors.
tive people.
still exists.
During that floor debate, the
The native people and the
When native people name a
geographic feature, such as a river offensiveness of the word squaw native communities of Maine,
or a mountain, the term used will was questioned. Several represen askd for the passage of this bill
describe a specific location, for the tatives stated that to the native to end the perpetuation of dehu
ease of the traveler, or to denote population, it was an offensive manizing language that has been
its spiritual significance. The term. This is not a new issue to used to define our women.
It is never an aggressive act
name of the Kennebec River de Maine, it is a 400 year old issue
for a people to exercise their
scribes the contours of the river. that needs to be stopped
Nationally, Maine now joins right to self determination. It is
Mount Katahdin was named to
three other states which have re an intrinsic right that is woven
signify the spirits of the mountain
moved the word squaw from name into the fiber of values that this
and its geography.
The term squaw was not origi places. In North Carolina, the U.S. country was founded on.
The following Cheyenne
nally used for place names, as the Justice Department was involved
word did not exist before the in the removal of the word from a proverb summarizes the point of
1600’s. It is not a linguist’s defi school system in March of 1999. this bill concisely, “A nation is
There is no other word used to never conquered until the hearts
nition of the original native word
day which hurts native women as of its women are on the ground.”
that is of concern, it is the way the
Every time this defamatory
term has been used to define na much as the word squaw. The term
tive women in its current context. has been used as a slanderous as term is used, the hearts of our
Through communication and edu sault in hate crimes; last year, a women take another blow.
cation we can rid the state of of- native woman was being brutally
OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
�FFENS
aga'"S’have a chance to change
women. We
BLIC
L° 2411-* " A tlensive Names from page 2
c
l
O
come to be felt as the word whore
that sexual connotation and to give
the respect to Native women that they
feels... dirty, degrading, and shameful.
My people have suffered great
in d ig n atio n u n d er w hite rule in
Houlton for many generations. We
did not have a land base before 1980
but for safety and community, our
families settled in the same area....
always delegated to the least desirable land,
tor behind the legislation, w hich
would remove the word squaw from
deserve. Being a Native man, and the
father of seven daughters, I do not
want to see them, or anyone else’s
daughter, have to carry these verbal
scars for the rest of their lives.
This Bill will send, with great effectiveness, a goodwill message of
understanding to the Native people
of this State: That Maine will stop
sanctioning the use o f offensive
place nam es w ithin the State o f
Maine. This is not an issue about political correctness; it is about basic
human decency and respect for one’s
fellow citizens. It is not a linguist’s
definition of the original Native word
words that dehumanize and exploit
the Native people. The Native comm unities o f the Passam aquoddy,
Penobscot, M aliseet and M icMac,
including elected governmental officials of these Tribes, representing
is of concern; it is the way the
term has been used to define Native
" ~ H“
w om en in its c u rre n t co n te x t.
7,500 people, have signed a resolu-
Donald Soctomah
Judiciary Com m ittee - C hairs
Senator Longley and Representative
Thompson.
Today is an im portant day in
Maine Native history. We are step
ping forw ard to address a term ,
which has been used for many years
to degrade and dehumanize native
women. This was the motivating fac-
. •
r
,
„
Through communication and education we can rid this State of offensive, derogatory words, so that Native women will have the right to
define themselves. This Bill seeks to
protect an under represented group
within this State, N ative Women.
T hey are e n title d to p ro te c tio n
against basic hum an rights violations, such as the use o f demoralizing language. The driving force be
hind this Bill is the hundreds of Na
tive Women, who are continually
offended by the use of this slang
word. To the general public, after
generations of exposure, the word
squaw is seen as a neutral word, but
to the Native Women this word con
tinues to be a slanderous attack
against them and their culture. In ra
cial incidents involving hate and
physical violence this word is con
tinually used to attack Native people.
These incidents occur more often
near the Native communities, where
unfortunately the clash of the cultures
still exists.
We need to grow and understand
that the use of the term squaw shows
a lack of compassion for human be
ings. It is hard for the general popu
lation to imagine how hurtful a word
can be unless it is directed at them,
their culture, or their racial back
ground.
In other areas where the squaw
word is used to define geographic
features, we can enhance the history
of the area by using the correct terms.
For example, Squaw Mountain can
be called M aquaso M ountain in
honor of C hief K ineo’s mother to
whom the legend refers. A nother
place, called Squaw Bosom, makes
a c o n n o ta tio n to w ard s N ativ e
o
f
the
Year of the Native Woman. We ask
the State of Maine and the Federal
government to recognize this d e c i
ration by stopping the use of the term
squaw.
One experience that is burned
into my memory was coming home
one day and seeing a big road sign at
the end of our road that said SQUAW
KNOLL. When I entered my home I
found my mother in tears... she was
so humiliated
Can you for a moment im a g in e
imagine
how a black American finding a sign
»ad
e - e d by ,he ,„w „ gov——
ernment at the end of their road that
read Niqger Knoll would feel? We
felt no less insulted. My mother made
my two brothers go down and remove the sign. It was a very courageous act because she knew that
they could be charged with tampering with town property. But it was
Today you will hear testimony on
how the S .... word is being used
against Native women. You need to
listen because the vast general popu- m ore im portant to not allow our
lation does not get to hear this, now people to be treated with such bla
is the time for this to be told.
tant racism. The sign did not return...
I ask for passage of this Bill to the road now carries the name Co&an
end the perpetuation of dehumaniz Road.
ing language that has been used to
Long before the current debate
define Native women. It is never an over the word began we shared the
aggressive act for a people to exer common experience of being taunted
cise their right to self-determination. by the word squaw. Women of my
It is an intrinsic right that is woven tribe describe the taunting they were
into the fiber of values that this coun subjected to in the 60’s in downtown
try was founded upon.
Houlton as children and teenagers,
being surrounded by local w hite
youth giving their imitation (as seen
-Brenda Commander, TYibal
on television) of an Indian war cry
Chief, Houlton Band of Maliseet
and calling them squaws. N ative
Indians
young people did not venture down
Good M orning. I come before town alone ... but even in the com
you this morning as a Native woman, pany of others they were not safe
daughter, mother of a daughter, and guarded from verbal assaults... and
the Chief of the Houlton Band of it certainly did not come from young
Maliseet Indians, to tell you how the people only.... it was just as likely to
use of the word squaw has affected come from an adult.
my life, and that of my mother... my
I would like to be able to say that
sisters... my aunt’s... and the lives of such things would not happen today
all the women of my tribe.
but I cannot. As recently as two years
I have not spoken to even one ago, one o f our trib al eld ers, a
Maliseet woman who is not offended woman, was standing in front of the
by the use of the word squaw. We do C ounty courthouse in dow ntow n
not know how the word originated... H oulton, w hen a group o f youth
but we are certain it did not origi circled her doing their imitation of a
nate from our tongue. We did not use war yelp, calling her ’squaw’. It was
the term to describe ourselves; it was a devastating experience for her...
cast upon us by the white settlers. We bringing back all the old hurts.
are unsure of its original meaning,
As a people who for so long have
but we do know how it came to be not had a voice that was heard in
used. It has been used to taunt and Maine we did not feel empowered to
degrade us as women. The word has even think about addressing this is-
s u e .... we are th a n k fu l to Rep.
Soctomah, for bringing this issue to
the public conscience and giving us
a voice.
—Emma Nicolar
My name is Emma Nicolar. I am
a 58-year-old Penobscot woman. I
want to express my gratitude to those
individuals who have worked so hard
and persistently to get this bill where
it is today. This “Act” is a long time
overdue.
I am a P en o b sco t In d ian
woman— I am not a “squaw” al
though I have been called that many
times in my life. I don’t have the time
to detail here how detrimental this
societal abuse was to the develop-
n ie ^ f
ZZZZ. Z
I won’t go into what I’ve had to do
to heal from the pain that it inflicted,
but I did heal. I was born on the
Penobscot Indian R eservation in
Maine in 1942 but grew up in other
areas other than the reservation.
My parents separated when I was
around 4 years old and I went to live
in Connecticut. My mother later put
us in a foster home in Milford, ME. I
was six years old then, and that is
where I fvt& remember bevrvj det
graded andmade to feellike “
doggie
poo” (mild expletive) because I was
an Indian. I went to live with my dad
on Indian Island when 1 w as 11 years
old, and went to Old Town schools.
In gang units Old Town youths were
famous for calling me and others
“squaw”, dirty Indians, and making
sexually unacceptable remarks.
During the 1940’s and 1950’s
what did anyone know of unaccept
able behavior -next to nothing! I had
to grin and bear whatever came my
way. It was at this time, junior high I
believe, that I began to develop a
defensive attitude. Playing basketball
or engaging in other athletic activi
ties, if I was better at the game, the
only way the non-Indian girls could
put me down was to make remarks
about my being an Indian, not just
one - on - one, but always as a group/
gang.
The chip on my shoulder grew
during my teenage years, and at one
time I carried a knife on me at all
times and used it a couple of times
when physically accosted by non-In
dian boys. I went to live in M assa
chusetts during high school with an
older brother and had hoped that be
ing Indian wouldn’t follow me there,
but it did. My sister and I were the
please turn to page 6
OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
�1999 WABANAKI DAY ATTHE MAINE STATE HOUSE
�1999 WABANAKI DAY ATTHE MAINE STATE HOUSE
�OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
Testimonials for and against LD 2418 - An Act Concerning Offensive Names fro p g 3
mae
only two Indians in the school sys
tem and we were never allowed to
forget it. I have never been endeared
by non - Indians for my ethnic back
ground, but always the edge of dirt,
filth, and second-rate citizen was
present in their remarks. Needless to
say I became an adult with no self
esteem. However, I had one charac
teristic which saved me - persever
ance. I was going to survive in spite
of all the name calling and hurt and I
did. Today, I know all about bigotry,
slander, prejudice, and how to pro
tect myself from the hurt and pain.
I ’ve watched the Native population
of this country struggle, just as the
Negro population has, to gain respect
and dignity. You cannot get away
with calling me “squaw” today be
cause I know the laws and will use
them against you. You cannot call my
daughter names, or my son, and get
away with it because I will come to
their rescue if they can’t handle it
themselves. I have held the current
school system s acco u n tab le fo r
p reju d ices d isp lay ed du rin g my
children’s education.
Squaw Valley, California, and
Squaw M ountain, M aine, are two
very beautiful places. I consider my
self a beautiful person today, and will
not tolerate being called “squaw” .
Change these names in this new mil
lennium, and transform these sites
back to their natural beauty. If you
must continue to use Native ethnicity
as a basis for naming these sites,
there are some beautiful names in the
Native languages, which would be
more appropriate. I have argued at
another committee meeting about the
use of the word “sovereignty”, as I
argue today about the use of the word
“squaw.” We as Native peoples never
needed these words, we have always
known who we are and have a lan
guage to describe ourselves. These
are your words, and “squaw” is a
misnomer. I ’m sure we’re all famil
iar with the description of this word
in W ebster’s Collegiate Dictionary.
But have you ever taken the time to
find out what an Indian woman was
called in her own language. Each
tribal language is different but each
tribe has a w ord, or d eriv ativ es
thereof, for designating a N ative
w om an or d e sc rib in g a N ativ e
woman. Do these place names that
contain “squaw” today have to have
an ethnic tone? How far would you
get today if you called these places
“Frog M ountain” , “Nigger M oun
tain”, or some such ethnic slur? We
are adults today, and possess the
power to make changes, and I pray
to the power to my understanding
that you will change all place names
with the word “squaw” in it in the
State of Maine.
—Richard M. Doyle,
Office of the Governor
G ood M orning to the d istin
guished Chairs and Members of the
Judiciary Committee.
I am honored to be here this
morning to testify in favor of L.D.
2418, an Act Concerning Offensive
Names. This act would correct a
defamation that has been perpetuated
against Indian Women specifically,
and Indian People in general. I will
not condone this word by speaking
it here today, but the bill specifies the
word in question. This word has been
used to defile Indian women ever
since the European invasion of this
land. You have been provided with
the origins of this word by Represen
tative Soctomah, MITSC, and oth
ers, I will not go there. What I do
want to talk about is how it feels to
an Indian Person, obviously a male
perspective, to hear someone use
such a word. I have heard the “s”
word many times in my life. Each
time it has been used to inflict pain
and stereotype Indian women. The
word as I hear and perceive it denotes
an Indian woman who is easy, an In
dian woman who is promiscuous, a
slut, a whore. When the term is used
generally the meaning is intensified.
Each time I hear this word I am of
fended to the point of madness and
disgusted that the dominant society
allows and tolerates such racist lan
guage.
I have heard our women tell me
about ex-boyfriends chasing them
around in public calling them the “s”
word loudly, having this term painted
on a door or wall to brand them, and
other arduous stories.
I have heard for m yself white
men saying things like “it’s Saturday
night, guess I’ll take a trip to the res
ervation and snag me one of those
“s” words” (this from UMM staff),
“better get home before my s” word
goes on the warpath”, “the girl was
so drunk out of her mind, if I didn’t
know better I would swear she was a
“s” word, as well as many other ex
amples of racially loaded idiocy.
This same type of racism is cur
rently allowed by the State in the
naming of businesses, geographic
features, natural resources, sport
teams, and all types of groups.
The non - Native will try to tell Thompson, and members of the com
you that these words are not offen mittee, I am Sharon Libby Jones, a
sive or were not meant to be offen selectmen for the town Greenville,
speaking against L.D. 2418.
sive.
I am a small business owner, a
I hope that this committee under
stands that the “s” word in today’s S ele ctm e n fo r the Town o f
society is offensive to Native people. Greenville and a former State Rep
There is no justification or explana resentative that represented District
tion that can change the fact that this 111, which is located in Piscataquis
term is racist. Others may try to tell County and includes 11 towns, two
this com m ittee that banning this plantations and several organized ter
word will infringe upon or even de ritories in Northern Maine. Several
stroy part of another Indian language. of these unorganized territories are
I do not accept this premise either, L ittle Squaw Tow nship and Big
since this “s” word may be a bastard Squaw Township.
L.D. 2418, An Act Concerning
ization of an Indian word, changed
in ignorance to classify and demean. Offensive Names, is a step in the
I do not know of any Indian culture wrong direction for Maine. I think
that would allow others to use their all of us here recognize the impor
words to shame and attack their Na tance of the State’s history. We need
to understand the state’s tribal cul
tive sisters and brothers.
L.D. 2418 goes further than just ture and history. Piscataquis County,
banning a word, it seeks to officially for over 100 years, has recognized
celebrate our Native Women for all and realized the importance of the
they have contributed to the Indian Native American culture and history.
family, the Indian culture, and to the Currently, the Piscataquis County
State of Maine. It is a positive ap Economic Council has begun survey
proach. Proclaiming this millennial research on the cultural heritage of
year The Year of the Native Ameri the region. This research project will
can Woman would honor all native be gathering information from his
people while providing hope for the torians, storytellers, and traditional
future that all people will be in har businesses. The information will be
m ony, and m u tu al respect w ill catalogued and used to develop a
a bound for one another.
cultural heritage m ap, which w ill b e
If it were up to my Tribe, this used to inform tbe citizens of tbe
term, along with other racially offen State and our travelers to the region
sive words, (excuse my language) of the richness of our history.
such as “redskin” would be prohib
We are m oving fo rw ard in
ited and if anyone dare utter the Greenville with a Natural Resource
word, then strict penalties would ap Education Center. The concept of this
ply. But it is not up to us, it is up to facility is to house orientation and in
the Maine Legislature to pass a bill terpretation services, educational
that would make it known to all, that exhibits, on- and off-site programs,
the State of Maine does not tolerate interpretive trails, and events that ex
racism. That the State of Maine will plain and celebrate the unique natu
not allow Indian women or any other ral and cultural heritage of the region.
group to be publicly ridiculed, that
Piscataquis County is the poor
the State of Maine recognizes and ap est County in the State with the least
preciates diversity, that the State of population of any other county. We
Maine pays honor to Native Women are rich with natural resources, his
for their strength, their accomplish tory, culture and pride. The Native
ments, their vision, their compassion, Americans are very much a part of
our history.
their beauty, and their tolerance.
Less than one week ago, I re
Thank you for allowing me to
speak my words and hope each of the ceived a Public Hearing Notice about
members consider them in deliber this important Public Hearing. Since
ating this matter. Please support L. then there have been several articles
and notifications that were sent to the
D .2418.
Woliwon (thank you) naka Tahu citizens of the area. Tremendous feel
ings, reflections on history, as well
(and stop)
as strong emotions, have been pour
ing in from the Native Americans and
citizens of the Moosehead Lake Re
—Sharon Libby Jones
gion. In less than 24 hours nearly 300
Greenville Selectmen
people signed petitions that were lo
and Former State Representative,
cated in just a few of our businesses
District 111
please turn to page 7
Senator Longley, Representative
OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
�Speech to the 63rd Maine Legislature,
in 1887 by Lewis Mitchell Representative
of the Passamaquoddy Tribe of Indians
I was authorized by the Passamaquoddy Tribe of Indians to come
here before you for the purpose of making known to you what the
Passamaquoddy Indians have done for the American people, and
how we have been used by the American people and how we used
them. In 1775 or 1776, in the struggle between Great Britain and
America, your people came to us for assistance. You authorized Col.
John Allan to speak to us and you said, “He is our mouth, believe
what he says to you.” After many kind words and promises, Francis
Joseph, who was the chief of the tribe at that time, accepted his
offer. He promised to go and help his people gain their indepen
dence. Immediately he sent his captains to different parts of his coun
try to notify his people to prepare for immediate war. In a few days
Francis Joseph gathered an army of six hundred men. At that time,
and many years before that, the Passamaquoddy Tribe was the head
quarters of the Abnaki Nation.
Passamaquoddy Tribe can show you by a letter from Col. John
Allan when he authorized the Passamaquoddy Indians to guard the
coast form Machias to Passamaquoddy, and authorized them to seize
the enemy’s vessels. And according to his orders we can show you
by the affidavit, Capt. Sopiel Socktoma, with fifty others of his tribe,
captured an armed schooner in Passamaquoddy Bay, and they ran
her to Machias and gave her up to Col. John Allan.
We know the Indians who served in that war are passed out of
existence, but the Passamaquoddy Tribe helped the Americans in
that war, and the tribe is still in existence, Now we bountily ask
your attention to help us by letting the Legislature examine the pa
pers and refer them to Congress, if they see fit.
In the treaties of 1725, 1794, and Governor Dummer’s treaty of
1727, and in the laws of Massachusetts and Maine at their separa
tion, we were guaranteed the right to hunt and fish forever.
In the year 1854 or 1857 some dishonest person or persons pre
sented a petition to the Maine Legislature, asking the State to sell
the Indians’ land - Indians did not need it - so the Legislature passed
a resolve, that a certain piece of land, situated in the Town of Perry,
owned by the Indians, would be sold by public auction, on such day,
at Perry (they must have arranged everything so they wouldn’t bid
against each other) and that land was sold for the small sum of
$500.00. The Indians opposed the sale of it. Now their firewood
costs the Indians of Pleasant Point $ 1,500.00 a year. If that land had
not been sold, the Indians would not suffer for want of firewood.
Thousands of cords of cordwood have been cut, and wood is on it
yet.
The land cleared by the Indians was also sold. Now we claim
again that this is not right. An Indian agent himself bought this land
afterward and again when we lost the claim on the Islands the case
Granger vs. Indians, we not only lost the claim, but $2,500.00 out of
the Indians in favor of Mr. Granger.
Just consider, today, how many rich men there are in Calais, in
St. Stephen, M illtown, M achias, East M achias, Colum bia,
Cherryfield, and other lumbering towns. We see a good many of
them worth thousands and even millions of dollars. We ask our
selves, how they make most of their money? Answer is, they make
it on lumber or timber once owned by the Passamaquoddy Indians.
How many of their privileges have been broken? How many of
their lands have been taken from them by authority of the State?
Now, we say to ourselves, these Indians ought to have everything
they ask for. They deserve assistance. We are sent here to help the
poor and defend their rights.
Now, this plainly shows us how much worse a people of five
hundred and thirty souls are, stripped of their whole country, their
privileges on which they depend for their living; all the land they
claim to own now being only ten acres. If one or two men in this
body were Indians they would fight like braves for their rights.
Now look at yourselves and see whether I am right or wrong. If
you find any insulting language in my speech, I ask your pardon. I
don’t mean to insult anybody, but simply tell you of our wrong.
Testimonials from page 6
in the area. Yes Native Americans ganization, for years have promoted
sign them as well. That is how strong the word “Squaw ” w hether it be
our feelings are for the history of the Squaw Brook, Little Squaw Brook
word “Squaw.”
Campground, hiking and biking trails
The im p o rtan ce of the w ord throughout the Townships, on menus,
“Squaw” is not only important to the signs, Squaw Mountain Resort and
h e rita g e o f the area b u t to our G olf Course and our magnificent
economy locally and Statewide. Big Mountain called “Big Squaw Moun
Squaw Mountain, an internationally tain”.
known ski area in Big Squaw Town
Think for a moment the impact,
ship, is very important to our area. economically and historically, on this
T his M ou n tain at one tim e was unique area of the State. The follow
owned by the State. Located on ma ing D epartm ents w ould have to
jestic M oosehead Lake are wonder change many statues and regulations
ful areas such as Squaw Bay, Squaw and maps of the area. All Business
Point and Squaw Point Subdivision. Brochures, The Town of Greenville,
The State owns a cam pground on Emergency Management Agencies,
Squaw Brook. The water supply for The Department of Transportation,
the Town of Greenville comes from The Departm ent of Conservation,
a well located in Little Squaw Town The Department of Inland Fisheries
ship. The Town has a sanitary land and Wildlife, The Health and Infor
fill in Little Squaw Township. There m atio n C en ter (EM S law ),
is a growing industrial park located Piscataquis County Law Enforce
in this Township. We have a boom ment Agencies.
ing snow m obile industry located
We have recently had completed
throughout Little and Big Squaw areas for the E-911 system that con
Townships, and Big Squaw Moun tain the word “Squaw” . The evacua
tain. The trails systems (ITS 86 plus tion designation for our immediate
local trails) in these areas are some area is Big Squaw Mountain.
the best in the State.
Think what this change would do
(Expenditures per Snowmobile for the State Forestry Division in our
for a resident are near $600.00 and a area. They maintain an immense and
nonresident $1,100.00). Businesses, complex system for Forest Fires Pro
the S tate o f M ain e and the tection.
Moosehead Lake Region Chamber
Please do not remove forever the
of Commerce, the Moosehead His word “Squaw” from the Moosehead
torical Society, our schools and the Regions heritage by passing this leg
islation. Thank you.
Shaw Public Library,
International Seaplane Fly In Or
Partial listing of organizations supporting the
elimination of “Squaw” from name places in Maine
TribesAroostook Band of Micmacs
Passamaquoddy Tribe at Motahkokmikuk (Indian Township)
Houlton band of Maliseets
Passamaquoddy Tribe at Sipayik (Pleasant Point)
Penobscot Nation
United South and Eastern Tribes, Inc. (23 federally recognized tribes)
Other Native OrganizationsAIM
Daughters of the First Light
IRATE
NACHME
Wabanaki Mental Health, Inc.
Administration of Governor Angus S. King, Jr.Maine Indian Tribal-State Commission
Religious OrganizationsCatholic Diocese of Maine
Episcopal Diocese of Maine, Committee on Indian Relations
Friends Committee on Maine Public Policy
Maine Council of Churches
Maine Holocaust Human Rights Center
Other OrganizationsBlack Education and Cultural History, Inc.
(Former Representative Jerry Talbot,
Founder)
Hall-Dale Middle School Civil Rights Team
Maine AFL-CIO
Maine Civil Liberties Union
Maine Human Rights Commission
Maine Lesbian Gay Political Alliance
Maine Women’s Lobby
NAACP
National Coalition Building Institute____________________________ _
�Protection of Indian Archeological Sites
In the spring of 1999 the 119th Legislature passed
the following Resolve requiring the study of the issue
of looting and vandalism of Native American archeo
logical sites, and preparation of a report recommend
ing solutions:
Resolved: That the Maine Historic Preservation
Commission and the Representatives of the Penobscot
Nation and the Passamaquoddy Tribe jointly shall con
duct a review of the threats to Native American ar
cheological sites from looting and vandalisfn and re
port their recommendations for implementing a moni
toring or stewardship program for site protection and
preservation. The review must also involve the fol
lowing law enforcement agencies: the Maine Warden
Service, the Maine Forest Service, the Bureau of ma
rine Patrol, and local and state law enforcement. The
review must also involve the Native American com
munity and other interested parties.
To fulfill this legislative charge, Arthur Spiess held
a series of meetings with Donald Soctomah in August
and September 1999. Spiess, Soctomah and Represen
tative Donna Loring also met on September 8, 1999.
Then Spiess met with the law enforcement agencies
mentioned in the legislation and held discussions over
the telephone during September through December
1999. Donald Soctomah presented the legislation to
inter-tribal meetings for discussion. Comments were
sought form the board of the Maine Archeological
Society.
Late Breaking News
The bill is designed to provide increased protec
tion for archeological sites. It amends the definition of
an archeological site on state-controlled land to include
a site judged eligible for listing on the national Regis
ter of Historic Places by the Maine Historic Preserva
tion Commission and approved by the appropriate land
managing agency director or local governing body.
Current law requires the site to be listed on the Na
tional Register of Historic Places.
It also makes the unlawful excavation of a pro
tected archeological site a Class E crime for which a
fine of not less than $250 must be adjudged. The court
may order the defendant to pay an amount equal to the
reasonable cost of a proper archeological excavation,
had the area that was unlawfully excavated been prop
erly excavated.
A provision that an emergency archeological site
designation may be made for a period not to exceed
10 years and that the Director of the Maine historic
preservation Commission and the landowner shall
specify in writing the area that is the subject of such a
designation.
It provides funding for increased monitoring of
archeological sites. This funding supports a part-time
monitoring coordinator using existing part-time project
personnel and site monitors. It also provides funds for
the development and delivery of training materials for
law enforcement officers.
On March 3, 2000, on the morning show at 7:30
a.m., the KISS 94.5 DJ, Stan Marckoon advocated over
the public airways to call the new Sacajewea Dollar
the “Squaw Buck.”
Those of you who wish to express your feelings
on this issue, may write to the Station Manager at the
following address:
Mr. Mark Osborne
Co-owner/General Manager
KISS 94.5 Radio Station
PO Box 9494
Ellsworth, ME 04605
For further information, you may also contact:
Jessica Sockbeson McGregor
1410 Essex St.
Bangor, ME 04401
Tel: (207) 990-2613
Fax: (207) 947-7840
E-mail: jsockbe@aol.com
Census 2000
Be s ir e to fill out your census
200 0 form . I t is imperative th at
Tribal Members be counted in the
New Millennium
TRIBAL ISSUES BEFORE THE 119™ SECOND REGULAR SESSION
LD # an d Bl T itle
il
LD 2178 An Act to Amend the Act to
Im plem ent the Maine Indian Claims
Settlem ent Concerning the Houlton
Band o f Maliseet Indians
Com m ent b y R ep. Loring
I am in favor o f the bill as written.
The Maliseets should be sovereign as
are Penobscots and Passamaquoddy.
Rep. Sherman o f Houlton reluctantly
sponsored by request; he was 7 0 %
against the bill in com mittee.
Com m ent b y R ep. Soctom ah
Strongly support. The Maliseet Band
should have the same rights as the
Passamaquoddy and Penobscot.
C urrent B illS ta tu s
Public Hearing held 1 /2 8 /0 0 ; was
tabled for 30 days so all parties
could reach agreem ent on
language and c o n ten t Failed to
pass in Committee.
LD 2418 An Act Concerning Offensive
Names
I completely support this bill; should
be a "No Brainer." The bill disallows
the use of Squaw or squa by the
State in naming public or geographic
sites. I t does not elim inate usage
from the English language.
This word has always been offensive,
in effect, used to demoralize native
w om en. They are the foundation o f
a healthy community. The State
must stop sanctioning its use.
Public Hearing held 1 /2 8 /0 0 in
Judiciary com m ittee; passed in
both the House and Senate; now
awaiting Governor's signature.
LD 2499 An act Concerning the Date
by Which Land Must be Acquired by
the Penobscot Nation
I am the sponsor of this bill. The bill
will extend the deadline by which the
Nation can purchase certain trust
Support for this bill will help the
Penobscot Nation put the remainder
of land in Trust. The never should
have been a tim e limit. All of the
Paper Co. land around our
com m unity was recently sold.
Public Hearing held 2 /9 /0 0 in
Judiciary com mittee; passed in
both the House and Senate; now
awaiting Governor's signature.
lands from 1 /3 1 /2 0 0 0 to 1 /3 1 /2 0 2 1 .
LD 2549 An Act to Im plem ent
Recommendations Concerning the
Protection of Indian Archeological
Sites
I am in favor o f implementing the
recommendations that will preserve
these sites.
A Resolve passed last session shows
th e concern felt for protection o f
these sites. Maine must protect the
sites, as w e have in the past.
Public Hearing held on 2 /2 8 /0 0 ;
passed 13-0 in committee;
awaiting final enactm ent.
LD 3210 An Act to Change the Name
in the Statutes of a Native American
Organization Able to Issue Hunting
and Fishing Licenses
I am in favor of this bill as long as
the organization works closely with
Allows an off-reservation group to
issue licenses from Native
the tribes to eliminate any
duplication.
communities' governing leader.
Passed Committee; is currently in
Second Reading in the House of
Representatives; awaiting final
The bill is sponsored by Rep. Brooks
a t my request. Hopefully, the
com mittee will vote to recommend a
stronger role in both the House and
Tribal Representatives w ant and need Report Pending.
to play a m ore active role in the
legislative process. Every bill passed
affects our communities in one way
or another.
Joint Study Order Establishing a
Committee to Study the Recognition
o f Sovereign Nations in the Legislature
Senate for tribal representatives.
enactment.
LD 2607 An Act Concerning Previous
Passamaquoddy Indian Territory
Legislation
I am in favor of the Legislature
taking corrective action.
A corrective am endm ent should be
effective to change the law that was
plainly intended by all parties to the
process amending the Im plem enting
Act.
Referred to the Com m ittee on
Judiciary matters on March 7,
2000.
LD 2572 An Act to Fund the Cost of
the W aiver of Tuition, Fees and Other
I am in opposition o f passage o f this
measure, as it will only serve to
I am against the passage of this bill.
Received Unanimous Ought Not to
Pass report.
Expenses for Native American
Students in the Maine Technical
destabilize our funding base.
College System, University of Maine
System and Maine Maritim e Academy
1
1
�
https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/b8cc7c306b7e3ab56df81a0ab8a147d1.pdf
84b3071d5744255a793941d2b2f4cca9
PDF Text
Text
Wabanaki Legislative Update ~ SprinQ 2000
Offensive Name law passed by Maine Legislature
iA
k waits Governor’s Signatured
Tan Kahk,
Greetings1
Dear Tribal Members,
Welcome to the second edition of the “Wabanaki Legislative Update.” This
newsletter is put together to inform the public on Legislative issues that affect
the native communities of the Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Micmac, and
Maliseet. I have enjoyed my first session in 1999 and look forward to my service
in the year 2001 next session.
In the Second Regular Session we will be addressing the following issues:
• LD 2418 An Act Concerning Offensive Names
• LD
An Act to Implement the Recommendations Concerning
Indian Archeological Sites
• LD 2178 An Act to Amend the Act to Implement the Maine Indian
Claims Settlement Concerning the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians
• LD 2499 An Act Concerning the Date by Which Land Must be Acquired
by the Penobscot Nation
• LD 3210 An Act to Change the Name in the Statutes of a Native Ameri
can Organization Able to Issue Hunting and Fishing Licenses
The bill. An Act Concerning Offensive Names, has received much national
media publicity and this shows that Maine is a leader in this area that address
issues such as this. We have held interviews with 2 in-state radio stations, 5 outof-state radio stations, and 2 British radio stations; also, an interview was taped
with ABC’s 20/20 show, (which was very badly reported). Your help in the
passage of this bill was the deciding factor, especially the young women who
stepped forward to speak from their hearts, thank you.
Other measures that we followed closely, which may have an impact on the
native communities, involved the Department of Human Services, especially
child welfare, education, and marine fisheries bills.
Be part of the process; let your voices be heard! I would like to hear from
you on issues, which may help our communities. If you have any questions or
concerns, please feel free to contact me at any of the following numbers:
State House 287-1400
Indian Township office 796-2301 ~ Pleasant Point office 853-2600
Mobile 461-8673 ~ email: soctomah@nemaine.com
Passamaquoddy website www.wabanaki.com
Welcome to the Second Regular Session of the 119th Legislature. This is
called the short session, and is comprised mostly of carry over bills and emer
gency measures. Carry overs are bills that were not acted on in the First Regular
Session. Emergency bills are determined by the Legislative Council to be of an
emergency nature. This session is scheduled to adjourn in early April 2000.
Again, in a joint effort, we bring you the second edition of the Maine Tribal
Legislative News/Wabanaki Legislative Update, in one complete format. Items
of interest are a history section and current issues, including an in depth look at
the offensive names bill, LD 2418, sponsored by Representative Soctomah. Also,
included are photos of Wabanaki Day, which was held at the Statehouse last
session.
We have charted our proposed bills for this short session with a brief expla
nation of each one, as we did in the first edition. You have shown your support
for these bills by attending the public hearings. Your presence spoke louder than
words! If you have comments, concerns or questions, please do not hesitate to
contact me either by telephone, snail mail, or e-mail, as follows:
Telephone/Fax 207-737-2608
55 North Front St., Richmond, ME 04357
dmldab @wiscasset.net
I wish you health and happiness for the new millennium.
Yours in the Spirit of Unity,
//
.
/vj, / * * /*<?
----
-/-
Donna M. Loring
Penobscot Nation, Tribal Representative
Wabanaki Legislative Update
Rep. Donna Loring
55 North Front S t, Richmond, ME 04357
Rep. Donald Soctomah
P.O. Box 102, Princeton, ME 04668
Woliwon, Thanks,
Donald Soctomah
Tribal Representative, Passamaquoddy Tribe
Printed at the expense of Representatives Soctomah and Loring
�OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
Testimonials for and against LD 2418 - An Act Concerning Offensive Names
—Patricia Smith Ranzoni,
Bucksport
Because of medical troubles I
was unable to attend the hearing on
the bill to remove the word “squaw”
from M aine place nam es; and for
same reasons do not feel up to the
letter this subject deserves. Neverthe
less, I must add my voice, and the
voice of my family, to the record on
behalf of this important legislation
and appreciate the opportunity to in
sert testimony, however inadequate,
this way.
From the time I learned we are
d escended from E uropeans w ho
settled on land belonging to Native
Peoples, I have sought to educate
m yself and our family on what is
known and unknown about our part
in history here as related to the tribes.
This path could only lead to great
sorrow, as well as humbling gratitude
for an “old love, too, between us,”
as I have written in my poetry in
honor of generational relationships
between some N ative friends and
some in our line.
It has long troubled me that our,
M aine’s, First Peoples are routinely
expected to support special efforts—
days, conferences, discussions, occa
sions, organizations, legislation and
so forth— aimed at promoting “diver
sity” and an understanding of and be
tween other races and cultures here,
while their own situation and dis
crim in atio n s o ften rem ain o v er
looked or discounted. The matter of
the usage of squaw, a remnant of old
thinking, in much the same way as
“nigger” has come to be seen, is but
one example.
One can only guess how it must
feel for tribal members to have to
appear before a legislature made up
of descendants of those who invaded
and, by means not wholly honorable,
as the record shows, took over their
homelands, to ask for understanding
in this matter of great meaning for
their people.
If M aine’s Native Peoples aren’t
included in what is meant by recent
efforts toward cross-cultural respect,
then the easy term “diversity” rings
hollow; and without the hard and
painful work to hear and act upon
what is needed to make things right,
is nothing but a hollow, false, and
cruel term with little more meaning
than any other social fad.
From reports in the newspapers,
tribal representatives and members
have articulated most clearly, pas
sionately, and successfully the ratio
nale for their request. They are their
own indisputable source.
I want to speak, also, as a woman
here. Having no right to call M aine’s
first and least known women “sis
ters,” I nevertheless, stand with them
in outrage against the reality of what
this word has meant in their lives.
That non-Natives have inexcusably
endowed this word with shame, here
and around the world, is irrefutable,
having been docum ented through
both folk and scholarly histories. It
can never be righted but through
changes the Natives, themselves, ask
for in order to retrieve their honor.
Please listen.
Let it not, again, be solely about
the lesser profit of business, but this
time, about the greater profit of hu
man respect. We cannot undo what
has been done, but we can begin new,
now that we know. We can return the
mountains, rivers, islands and points
to the Native women of this place in
this way. First, proclaiming sorrow
for what has been taken, then invit
ing them to name these places in a
new spirit of presence we can honor,
protect, and celebrate with them.
Please.
For our family, ancestors and de
scendants.
please turn to page 3
Maine’s Native Americans Gain Passage of LD 2418
by Representative
Donald Soctomah
As we enter a new millen
nium, I have hope for a better
relationship between the native
population and the State of
M aine. In order for us to achieve
this improved relationship, we
must end 400 years of hurt and
discrimination. We must learn to
live together peacefully, by hon
oring and respecting each other.
This hope was the motivat
ing factor behind legislation that
would end the use of a demoral
izing and dehumanizing term in
the State of Maine.
The passage of this bill by
the Maine House or Represen
tatives and Senate will soon be
signed into law by Governor
Angus S. King, Jr..
It w ill rem ove the word
squaw from place names in the
state.
This is not an issue of politi
cal correctness. It is about basic
human decency and respect for
one’s fellow citizens. The new
law protects an under repre
sented group in our state, native
women. Our wom en-grandmothers, mothers, and daugh
ters, are all entitled to protection
against basic human rights vio
lations, such as the use of demor
alizing language. The driving
force behind this bill is hundreds
of native women, who are con
tinually offended by the use of this fensive, derogatory words. Native assaulted by two men, who con
women have the right to define tinually yelled, “you dirty
slang word.
The Thesaurus of Slang iden themselves.
squaw ” as they repeatedly
tifies the word “squaw” as a syn
We need to grow and under kicked her.
onym for prostitute,, harlot, hussy, stand that the use of the term
In 1998, there was a high
and floozy. The dictionary identi squaw shows a lack of compas school fight that eventually
fies this word as one that is used sion to human beings, it is hard turned into a racial incident. N a
for the general population to imag tive girls were called squaws,
to offend native females.
After generations of exposure, ine how hurtful a word can be un this resulted in death threats be
the word squaw is seen as a neu less it is directed toward them, ing painted on the walls.
This new law sends, with
tral word to the general public. But their culture, or racial background.
Rep. Gerald Talbot worked great effectiveness, a goodwill
to native females this word con
tinues to be a slanderous attack diligently in 1974 to remove the message of understanding to the
against them and their culture. ”N” word from place names in Native people of this state:
Violent incidents occur more of Maine. He had to convince other Maine will stop sanctioning the
ten near the native communities, representatives how hurtful and use of offensive words, which
where the clash between cultures hateful this word is to Maine citi dehumanize and exploit the na
zens and its visitors.
tive people.
still exists.
During that floor debate, the
The native people and the
When native people name a
geographic feature, such as a river offensiveness of the word squaw native communities of Maine,
or a mountain, the term used will was questioned. Several represen askd for the passage of this bill
describe a specific location, for the tatives stated that to the native to end the perpetuation of dehu
ease of the traveler, or to denote population, it was an offensive manizing language that has been
its spiritual significance. The term. This is not a new issue to used to define our women.
It is never an aggressive act
name of the Kennebec River de Maine, it is a 400 year old issue
for a people to exercise their
scribes the contours of the river. that needs to be stopped
Nationally, Maine now joins right to self determination. It is
Mount Katahdin was named to
three other states which have re an intrinsic right that is woven
signify the spirits of the mountain
moved the word squaw from name into the fiber of values that this
and its geography.
The term squaw was not origi places. In North Carolina, the U.S. country was founded on.
The following Cheyenne
nally used for place names, as the Justice Department was involved
word did not exist before the in the removal of the word from a proverb summarizes the point of
1600’s. It is not a linguist’s defi school system in March of 1999. this bill concisely, “A nation is
There is no other word used to never conquered until the hearts
nition of the original native word
day which hurts native women as of its women are on the ground.”
that is of concern, it is the way the
Every time this defamatory
term has been used to define na much as the word squaw. The term
tive women in its current context. has been used as a slanderous as term is used, the hearts of our
Through communication and edu sault in hate crimes; last year, a women take another blow.
cation we can rid the state of of- native woman was being brutally
OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
�FFENS
aga'"S’have a chance to change
women. We
BLIC
L° 2411-* " A tlensive Names from page 2
c
l
O
come to be felt as the word whore
that sexual connotation and to give
the respect to Native women that they
feels... dirty, degrading, and shameful.
My people have suffered great
in d ig n atio n u n d er w hite rule in
Houlton for many generations. We
did not have a land base before 1980
but for safety and community, our
families settled in the same area....
always delegated to the least desirable land,
tor behind the legislation, w hich
would remove the word squaw from
deserve. Being a Native man, and the
father of seven daughters, I do not
want to see them, or anyone else’s
daughter, have to carry these verbal
scars for the rest of their lives.
This Bill will send, with great effectiveness, a goodwill message of
understanding to the Native people
of this State: That Maine will stop
sanctioning the use o f offensive
place nam es w ithin the State o f
Maine. This is not an issue about political correctness; it is about basic
human decency and respect for one’s
fellow citizens. It is not a linguist’s
definition of the original Native word
words that dehumanize and exploit
the Native people. The Native comm unities o f the Passam aquoddy,
Penobscot, M aliseet and M icMac,
including elected governmental officials of these Tribes, representing
is of concern; it is the way the
term has been used to define Native
" ~ H“
w om en in its c u rre n t co n te x t.
7,500 people, have signed a resolu-
Donald Soctomah
Judiciary Com m ittee - C hairs
Senator Longley and Representative
Thompson.
Today is an im portant day in
Maine Native history. We are step
ping forw ard to address a term ,
which has been used for many years
to degrade and dehumanize native
women. This was the motivating fac-
. •
r
,
„
Through communication and education we can rid this State of offensive, derogatory words, so that Native women will have the right to
define themselves. This Bill seeks to
protect an under represented group
within this State, N ative Women.
T hey are e n title d to p ro te c tio n
against basic hum an rights violations, such as the use o f demoralizing language. The driving force be
hind this Bill is the hundreds of Na
tive Women, who are continually
offended by the use of this slang
word. To the general public, after
generations of exposure, the word
squaw is seen as a neutral word, but
to the Native Women this word con
tinues to be a slanderous attack
against them and their culture. In ra
cial incidents involving hate and
physical violence this word is con
tinually used to attack Native people.
These incidents occur more often
near the Native communities, where
unfortunately the clash of the cultures
still exists.
We need to grow and understand
that the use of the term squaw shows
a lack of compassion for human be
ings. It is hard for the general popu
lation to imagine how hurtful a word
can be unless it is directed at them,
their culture, or their racial back
ground.
In other areas where the squaw
word is used to define geographic
features, we can enhance the history
of the area by using the correct terms.
For example, Squaw Mountain can
be called M aquaso M ountain in
honor of C hief K ineo’s mother to
whom the legend refers. A nother
place, called Squaw Bosom, makes
a c o n n o ta tio n to w ard s N ativ e
o
f
the
Year of the Native Woman. We ask
the State of Maine and the Federal
government to recognize this d e c i
ration by stopping the use of the term
squaw.
One experience that is burned
into my memory was coming home
one day and seeing a big road sign at
the end of our road that said SQUAW
KNOLL. When I entered my home I
found my mother in tears... she was
so humiliated
Can you for a moment im a g in e
imagine
how a black American finding a sign
»ad
e - e d by ,he ,„w „ gov——
ernment at the end of their road that
read Niqger Knoll would feel? We
felt no less insulted. My mother made
my two brothers go down and remove the sign. It was a very courageous act because she knew that
they could be charged with tampering with town property. But it was
Today you will hear testimony on
how the S .... word is being used
against Native women. You need to
listen because the vast general popu- m ore im portant to not allow our
lation does not get to hear this, now people to be treated with such bla
is the time for this to be told.
tant racism. The sign did not return...
I ask for passage of this Bill to the road now carries the name Co&an
end the perpetuation of dehumaniz Road.
ing language that has been used to
Long before the current debate
define Native women. It is never an over the word began we shared the
aggressive act for a people to exer common experience of being taunted
cise their right to self-determination. by the word squaw. Women of my
It is an intrinsic right that is woven tribe describe the taunting they were
into the fiber of values that this coun subjected to in the 60’s in downtown
try was founded upon.
Houlton as children and teenagers,
being surrounded by local w hite
youth giving their imitation (as seen
-Brenda Commander, TYibal
on television) of an Indian war cry
Chief, Houlton Band of Maliseet
and calling them squaws. N ative
Indians
young people did not venture down
Good M orning. I come before town alone ... but even in the com
you this morning as a Native woman, pany of others they were not safe
daughter, mother of a daughter, and guarded from verbal assaults... and
the Chief of the Houlton Band of it certainly did not come from young
Maliseet Indians, to tell you how the people only.... it was just as likely to
use of the word squaw has affected come from an adult.
my life, and that of my mother... my
I would like to be able to say that
sisters... my aunt’s... and the lives of such things would not happen today
all the women of my tribe.
but I cannot. As recently as two years
I have not spoken to even one ago, one o f our trib al eld ers, a
Maliseet woman who is not offended woman, was standing in front of the
by the use of the word squaw. We do C ounty courthouse in dow ntow n
not know how the word originated... H oulton, w hen a group o f youth
but we are certain it did not origi circled her doing their imitation of a
nate from our tongue. We did not use war yelp, calling her ’squaw’. It was
the term to describe ourselves; it was a devastating experience for her...
cast upon us by the white settlers. We bringing back all the old hurts.
are unsure of its original meaning,
As a people who for so long have
but we do know how it came to be not had a voice that was heard in
used. It has been used to taunt and Maine we did not feel empowered to
degrade us as women. The word has even think about addressing this is-
s u e .... we are th a n k fu l to Rep.
Soctomah, for bringing this issue to
the public conscience and giving us
a voice.
—Emma Nicolar
My name is Emma Nicolar. I am
a 58-year-old Penobscot woman. I
want to express my gratitude to those
individuals who have worked so hard
and persistently to get this bill where
it is today. This “Act” is a long time
overdue.
I am a P en o b sco t In d ian
woman— I am not a “squaw” al
though I have been called that many
times in my life. I don’t have the time
to detail here how detrimental this
societal abuse was to the develop-
n ie ^ f
ZZZZ. Z
I won’t go into what I’ve had to do
to heal from the pain that it inflicted,
but I did heal. I was born on the
Penobscot Indian R eservation in
Maine in 1942 but grew up in other
areas other than the reservation.
My parents separated when I was
around 4 years old and I went to live
in Connecticut. My mother later put
us in a foster home in Milford, ME. I
was six years old then, and that is
where I fvt& remember bevrvj det
graded andmade to feellike “
doggie
poo” (mild expletive) because I was
an Indian. I went to live with my dad
on Indian Island when 1 w as 11 years
old, and went to Old Town schools.
In gang units Old Town youths were
famous for calling me and others
“squaw”, dirty Indians, and making
sexually unacceptable remarks.
During the 1940’s and 1950’s
what did anyone know of unaccept
able behavior -next to nothing! I had
to grin and bear whatever came my
way. It was at this time, junior high I
believe, that I began to develop a
defensive attitude. Playing basketball
or engaging in other athletic activi
ties, if I was better at the game, the
only way the non-Indian girls could
put me down was to make remarks
about my being an Indian, not just
one - on - one, but always as a group/
gang.
The chip on my shoulder grew
during my teenage years, and at one
time I carried a knife on me at all
times and used it a couple of times
when physically accosted by non-In
dian boys. I went to live in M assa
chusetts during high school with an
older brother and had hoped that be
ing Indian wouldn’t follow me there,
but it did. My sister and I were the
please turn to page 6
OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
�1999 WABANAKI DAY ATTHE MAINE STATE HOUSE
�1999 WABANAKI DAY ATTHE MAINE STATE HOUSE
�OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
Testimonials for and against LD 2418 - An Act Concerning Offensive Names fro p g 3
mae
only two Indians in the school sys
tem and we were never allowed to
forget it. I have never been endeared
by non - Indians for my ethnic back
ground, but always the edge of dirt,
filth, and second-rate citizen was
present in their remarks. Needless to
say I became an adult with no self
esteem. However, I had one charac
teristic which saved me - persever
ance. I was going to survive in spite
of all the name calling and hurt and I
did. Today, I know all about bigotry,
slander, prejudice, and how to pro
tect myself from the hurt and pain.
I ’ve watched the Native population
of this country struggle, just as the
Negro population has, to gain respect
and dignity. You cannot get away
with calling me “squaw” today be
cause I know the laws and will use
them against you. You cannot call my
daughter names, or my son, and get
away with it because I will come to
their rescue if they can’t handle it
themselves. I have held the current
school system s acco u n tab le fo r
p reju d ices d isp lay ed du rin g my
children’s education.
Squaw Valley, California, and
Squaw M ountain, M aine, are two
very beautiful places. I consider my
self a beautiful person today, and will
not tolerate being called “squaw” .
Change these names in this new mil
lennium, and transform these sites
back to their natural beauty. If you
must continue to use Native ethnicity
as a basis for naming these sites,
there are some beautiful names in the
Native languages, which would be
more appropriate. I have argued at
another committee meeting about the
use of the word “sovereignty”, as I
argue today about the use of the word
“squaw.” We as Native peoples never
needed these words, we have always
known who we are and have a lan
guage to describe ourselves. These
are your words, and “squaw” is a
misnomer. I ’m sure we’re all famil
iar with the description of this word
in W ebster’s Collegiate Dictionary.
But have you ever taken the time to
find out what an Indian woman was
called in her own language. Each
tribal language is different but each
tribe has a w ord, or d eriv ativ es
thereof, for designating a N ative
w om an or d e sc rib in g a N ativ e
woman. Do these place names that
contain “squaw” today have to have
an ethnic tone? How far would you
get today if you called these places
“Frog M ountain” , “Nigger M oun
tain”, or some such ethnic slur? We
are adults today, and possess the
power to make changes, and I pray
to the power to my understanding
that you will change all place names
with the word “squaw” in it in the
State of Maine.
—Richard M. Doyle,
Office of the Governor
G ood M orning to the d istin
guished Chairs and Members of the
Judiciary Committee.
I am honored to be here this
morning to testify in favor of L.D.
2418, an Act Concerning Offensive
Names. This act would correct a
defamation that has been perpetuated
against Indian Women specifically,
and Indian People in general. I will
not condone this word by speaking
it here today, but the bill specifies the
word in question. This word has been
used to defile Indian women ever
since the European invasion of this
land. You have been provided with
the origins of this word by Represen
tative Soctomah, MITSC, and oth
ers, I will not go there. What I do
want to talk about is how it feels to
an Indian Person, obviously a male
perspective, to hear someone use
such a word. I have heard the “s”
word many times in my life. Each
time it has been used to inflict pain
and stereotype Indian women. The
word as I hear and perceive it denotes
an Indian woman who is easy, an In
dian woman who is promiscuous, a
slut, a whore. When the term is used
generally the meaning is intensified.
Each time I hear this word I am of
fended to the point of madness and
disgusted that the dominant society
allows and tolerates such racist lan
guage.
I have heard our women tell me
about ex-boyfriends chasing them
around in public calling them the “s”
word loudly, having this term painted
on a door or wall to brand them, and
other arduous stories.
I have heard for m yself white
men saying things like “it’s Saturday
night, guess I’ll take a trip to the res
ervation and snag me one of those
“s” words” (this from UMM staff),
“better get home before my s” word
goes on the warpath”, “the girl was
so drunk out of her mind, if I didn’t
know better I would swear she was a
“s” word, as well as many other ex
amples of racially loaded idiocy.
This same type of racism is cur
rently allowed by the State in the
naming of businesses, geographic
features, natural resources, sport
teams, and all types of groups.
The non - Native will try to tell Thompson, and members of the com
you that these words are not offen mittee, I am Sharon Libby Jones, a
sive or were not meant to be offen selectmen for the town Greenville,
speaking against L.D. 2418.
sive.
I am a small business owner, a
I hope that this committee under
stands that the “s” word in today’s S ele ctm e n fo r the Town o f
society is offensive to Native people. Greenville and a former State Rep
There is no justification or explana resentative that represented District
tion that can change the fact that this 111, which is located in Piscataquis
term is racist. Others may try to tell County and includes 11 towns, two
this com m ittee that banning this plantations and several organized ter
word will infringe upon or even de ritories in Northern Maine. Several
stroy part of another Indian language. of these unorganized territories are
I do not accept this premise either, L ittle Squaw Tow nship and Big
since this “s” word may be a bastard Squaw Township.
L.D. 2418, An Act Concerning
ization of an Indian word, changed
in ignorance to classify and demean. Offensive Names, is a step in the
I do not know of any Indian culture wrong direction for Maine. I think
that would allow others to use their all of us here recognize the impor
words to shame and attack their Na tance of the State’s history. We need
to understand the state’s tribal cul
tive sisters and brothers.
L.D. 2418 goes further than just ture and history. Piscataquis County,
banning a word, it seeks to officially for over 100 years, has recognized
celebrate our Native Women for all and realized the importance of the
they have contributed to the Indian Native American culture and history.
family, the Indian culture, and to the Currently, the Piscataquis County
State of Maine. It is a positive ap Economic Council has begun survey
proach. Proclaiming this millennial research on the cultural heritage of
year The Year of the Native Ameri the region. This research project will
can Woman would honor all native be gathering information from his
people while providing hope for the torians, storytellers, and traditional
future that all people will be in har businesses. The information will be
m ony, and m u tu al respect w ill catalogued and used to develop a
a bound for one another.
cultural heritage m ap, which w ill b e
If it were up to my Tribe, this used to inform tbe citizens of tbe
term, along with other racially offen State and our travelers to the region
sive words, (excuse my language) of the richness of our history.
such as “redskin” would be prohib
We are m oving fo rw ard in
ited and if anyone dare utter the Greenville with a Natural Resource
word, then strict penalties would ap Education Center. The concept of this
ply. But it is not up to us, it is up to facility is to house orientation and in
the Maine Legislature to pass a bill terpretation services, educational
that would make it known to all, that exhibits, on- and off-site programs,
the State of Maine does not tolerate interpretive trails, and events that ex
racism. That the State of Maine will plain and celebrate the unique natu
not allow Indian women or any other ral and cultural heritage of the region.
group to be publicly ridiculed, that
Piscataquis County is the poor
the State of Maine recognizes and ap est County in the State with the least
preciates diversity, that the State of population of any other county. We
Maine pays honor to Native Women are rich with natural resources, his
for their strength, their accomplish tory, culture and pride. The Native
ments, their vision, their compassion, Americans are very much a part of
our history.
their beauty, and their tolerance.
Less than one week ago, I re
Thank you for allowing me to
speak my words and hope each of the ceived a Public Hearing Notice about
members consider them in deliber this important Public Hearing. Since
ating this matter. Please support L. then there have been several articles
and notifications that were sent to the
D .2418.
Woliwon (thank you) naka Tahu citizens of the area. Tremendous feel
ings, reflections on history, as well
(and stop)
as strong emotions, have been pour
ing in from the Native Americans and
citizens of the Moosehead Lake Re
—Sharon Libby Jones
gion. In less than 24 hours nearly 300
Greenville Selectmen
people signed petitions that were lo
and Former State Representative,
cated in just a few of our businesses
District 111
please turn to page 7
Senator Longley, Representative
OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
�Speech to the 63rd Maine Legislature,
in 1887 by Lewis Mitchell Representative
of the Passamaquoddy Tribe of Indians
I was authorized by the Passamaquoddy Tribe of Indians to come
here before you for the purpose of making known to you what the
Passamaquoddy Indians have done for the American people, and
how we have been used by the American people and how we used
them. In 1775 or 1776, in the struggle between Great Britain and
America, your people came to us for assistance. You authorized Col.
John Allan to speak to us and you said, “He is our mouth, believe
what he says to you.” After many kind words and promises, Francis
Joseph, who was the chief of the tribe at that time, accepted his
offer. He promised to go and help his people gain their indepen
dence. Immediately he sent his captains to different parts of his coun
try to notify his people to prepare for immediate war. In a few days
Francis Joseph gathered an army of six hundred men. At that time,
and many years before that, the Passamaquoddy Tribe was the head
quarters of the Abnaki Nation.
Passamaquoddy Tribe can show you by a letter from Col. John
Allan when he authorized the Passamaquoddy Indians to guard the
coast form Machias to Passamaquoddy, and authorized them to seize
the enemy’s vessels. And according to his orders we can show you
by the affidavit, Capt. Sopiel Socktoma, with fifty others of his tribe,
captured an armed schooner in Passamaquoddy Bay, and they ran
her to Machias and gave her up to Col. John Allan.
We know the Indians who served in that war are passed out of
existence, but the Passamaquoddy Tribe helped the Americans in
that war, and the tribe is still in existence, Now we bountily ask
your attention to help us by letting the Legislature examine the pa
pers and refer them to Congress, if they see fit.
In the treaties of 1725, 1794, and Governor Dummer’s treaty of
1727, and in the laws of Massachusetts and Maine at their separa
tion, we were guaranteed the right to hunt and fish forever.
In the year 1854 or 1857 some dishonest person or persons pre
sented a petition to the Maine Legislature, asking the State to sell
the Indians’ land - Indians did not need it - so the Legislature passed
a resolve, that a certain piece of land, situated in the Town of Perry,
owned by the Indians, would be sold by public auction, on such day,
at Perry (they must have arranged everything so they wouldn’t bid
against each other) and that land was sold for the small sum of
$500.00. The Indians opposed the sale of it. Now their firewood
costs the Indians of Pleasant Point $ 1,500.00 a year. If that land had
not been sold, the Indians would not suffer for want of firewood.
Thousands of cords of cordwood have been cut, and wood is on it
yet.
The land cleared by the Indians was also sold. Now we claim
again that this is not right. An Indian agent himself bought this land
afterward and again when we lost the claim on the Islands the case
Granger vs. Indians, we not only lost the claim, but $2,500.00 out of
the Indians in favor of Mr. Granger.
Just consider, today, how many rich men there are in Calais, in
St. Stephen, M illtown, M achias, East M achias, Colum bia,
Cherryfield, and other lumbering towns. We see a good many of
them worth thousands and even millions of dollars. We ask our
selves, how they make most of their money? Answer is, they make
it on lumber or timber once owned by the Passamaquoddy Indians.
How many of their privileges have been broken? How many of
their lands have been taken from them by authority of the State?
Now, we say to ourselves, these Indians ought to have everything
they ask for. They deserve assistance. We are sent here to help the
poor and defend their rights.
Now, this plainly shows us how much worse a people of five
hundred and thirty souls are, stripped of their whole country, their
privileges on which they depend for their living; all the land they
claim to own now being only ten acres. If one or two men in this
body were Indians they would fight like braves for their rights.
Now look at yourselves and see whether I am right or wrong. If
you find any insulting language in my speech, I ask your pardon. I
don’t mean to insult anybody, but simply tell you of our wrong.
Testimonials from page 6
in the area. Yes Native Americans ganization, for years have promoted
sign them as well. That is how strong the word “Squaw ” w hether it be
our feelings are for the history of the Squaw Brook, Little Squaw Brook
word “Squaw.”
Campground, hiking and biking trails
The im p o rtan ce of the w ord throughout the Townships, on menus,
“Squaw” is not only important to the signs, Squaw Mountain Resort and
h e rita g e o f the area b u t to our G olf Course and our magnificent
economy locally and Statewide. Big Mountain called “Big Squaw Moun
Squaw Mountain, an internationally tain”.
known ski area in Big Squaw Town
Think for a moment the impact,
ship, is very important to our area. economically and historically, on this
T his M ou n tain at one tim e was unique area of the State. The follow
owned by the State. Located on ma ing D epartm ents w ould have to
jestic M oosehead Lake are wonder change many statues and regulations
ful areas such as Squaw Bay, Squaw and maps of the area. All Business
Point and Squaw Point Subdivision. Brochures, The Town of Greenville,
The State owns a cam pground on Emergency Management Agencies,
Squaw Brook. The water supply for The Department of Transportation,
the Town of Greenville comes from The Departm ent of Conservation,
a well located in Little Squaw Town The Department of Inland Fisheries
ship. The Town has a sanitary land and Wildlife, The Health and Infor
fill in Little Squaw Township. There m atio n C en ter (EM S law ),
is a growing industrial park located Piscataquis County Law Enforce
in this Township. We have a boom ment Agencies.
ing snow m obile industry located
We have recently had completed
throughout Little and Big Squaw areas for the E-911 system that con
Townships, and Big Squaw Moun tain the word “Squaw” . The evacua
tain. The trails systems (ITS 86 plus tion designation for our immediate
local trails) in these areas are some area is Big Squaw Mountain.
the best in the State.
Think what this change would do
(Expenditures per Snowmobile for the State Forestry Division in our
for a resident are near $600.00 and a area. They maintain an immense and
nonresident $1,100.00). Businesses, complex system for Forest Fires Pro
the S tate o f M ain e and the tection.
Moosehead Lake Region Chamber
Please do not remove forever the
of Commerce, the Moosehead His word “Squaw” from the Moosehead
torical Society, our schools and the Regions heritage by passing this leg
islation. Thank you.
Shaw Public Library,
International Seaplane Fly In Or
Partial listing of organizations supporting the
elimination of “Squaw” from name places in Maine
TribesAroostook Band of Micmacs
Passamaquoddy Tribe at Motahkokmikuk (Indian Township)
Houlton band of Maliseets
Passamaquoddy Tribe at Sipayik (Pleasant Point)
Penobscot Nation
United South and Eastern Tribes, Inc. (23 federally recognized tribes)
Other Native OrganizationsAIM
Daughters of the First Light
IRATE
NACHME
Wabanaki Mental Health, Inc.
Administration of Governor Angus S. King, Jr.Maine Indian Tribal-State Commission
Religious OrganizationsCatholic Diocese of Maine
Episcopal Diocese of Maine, Committee on Indian Relations
Friends Committee on Maine Public Policy
Maine Council of Churches
Maine Holocaust Human Rights Center
Other OrganizationsBlack Education and Cultural History, Inc.
(Former Representative Jerry Talbot,
Founder)
Hall-Dale Middle School Civil Rights Team
Maine AFL-CIO
Maine Civil Liberties Union
Maine Human Rights Commission
Maine Lesbian Gay Political Alliance
Maine Women’s Lobby
NAACP
National Coalition Building Institute____________________________ _
�Protection of Indian Archeological Sites
In the spring of 1999 the 119th Legislature passed
the following Resolve requiring the study of the issue
of looting and vandalism of Native American archeo
logical sites, and preparation of a report recommend
ing solutions:
Resolved: That the Maine Historic Preservation
Commission and the Representatives of the Penobscot
Nation and the Passamaquoddy Tribe jointly shall con
duct a review of the threats to Native American ar
cheological sites from looting and vandalisfn and re
port their recommendations for implementing a moni
toring or stewardship program for site protection and
preservation. The review must also involve the fol
lowing law enforcement agencies: the Maine Warden
Service, the Maine Forest Service, the Bureau of ma
rine Patrol, and local and state law enforcement. The
review must also involve the Native American com
munity and other interested parties.
To fulfill this legislative charge, Arthur Spiess held
a series of meetings with Donald Soctomah in August
and September 1999. Spiess, Soctomah and Represen
tative Donna Loring also met on September 8, 1999.
Then Spiess met with the law enforcement agencies
mentioned in the legislation and held discussions over
the telephone during September through December
1999. Donald Soctomah presented the legislation to
inter-tribal meetings for discussion. Comments were
sought form the board of the Maine Archeological
Society.
Late Breaking News
The bill is designed to provide increased protec
tion for archeological sites. It amends the definition of
an archeological site on state-controlled land to include
a site judged eligible for listing on the national Regis
ter of Historic Places by the Maine Historic Preserva
tion Commission and approved by the appropriate land
managing agency director or local governing body.
Current law requires the site to be listed on the Na
tional Register of Historic Places.
It also makes the unlawful excavation of a pro
tected archeological site a Class E crime for which a
fine of not less than $250 must be adjudged. The court
may order the defendant to pay an amount equal to the
reasonable cost of a proper archeological excavation,
had the area that was unlawfully excavated been prop
erly excavated.
A provision that an emergency archeological site
designation may be made for a period not to exceed
10 years and that the Director of the Maine historic
preservation Commission and the landowner shall
specify in writing the area that is the subject of such a
designation.
It provides funding for increased monitoring of
archeological sites. This funding supports a part-time
monitoring coordinator using existing part-time project
personnel and site monitors. It also provides funds for
the development and delivery of training materials for
law enforcement officers.
On March 3, 2000, on the morning show at 7:30
a.m., the KISS 94.5 DJ, Stan Marckoon advocated over
the public airways to call the new Sacajewea Dollar
the “Squaw Buck.”
Those of you who wish to express your feelings
on this issue, may write to the Station Manager at the
following address:
Mr. Mark Osborne
Co-owner/General Manager
KISS 94.5 Radio Station
PO Box 9494
Ellsworth, ME 04605
For further information, you may also contact:
Jessica Sockbeson McGregor
1410 Essex St.
Bangor, ME 04401
Tel: (207) 990-2613
Fax: (207) 947-7840
E-mail: jsockbe@aol.com
Census 2000
Be s ir e to fill out your census
200 0 form . I t is imperative th at
Tribal Members be counted in the
New Millennium
TRIBAL ISSUES BEFORE THE 119™ SECOND REGULAR SESSION
LD # an d Bl T itle
il
LD 2178 An Act to Amend the Act to
Im plem ent the Maine Indian Claims
Settlem ent Concerning the Houlton
Band o f Maliseet Indians
Com m ent b y R ep. Loring
I am in favor o f the bill as written.
The Maliseets should be sovereign as
are Penobscots and Passamaquoddy.
Rep. Sherman o f Houlton reluctantly
sponsored by request; he was 7 0 %
against the bill in com mittee.
Com m ent b y R ep. Soctom ah
Strongly support. The Maliseet Band
should have the same rights as the
Passamaquoddy and Penobscot.
C urrent B illS ta tu s
Public Hearing held 1 /2 8 /0 0 ; was
tabled for 30 days so all parties
could reach agreem ent on
language and c o n ten t Failed to
pass in Committee.
LD 2418 An Act Concerning Offensive
Names
I completely support this bill; should
be a "No Brainer." The bill disallows
the use of Squaw or squa by the
State in naming public or geographic
sites. I t does not elim inate usage
from the English language.
This word has always been offensive,
in effect, used to demoralize native
w om en. They are the foundation o f
a healthy community. The State
must stop sanctioning its use.
Public Hearing held 1 /2 8 /0 0 in
Judiciary com m ittee; passed in
both the House and Senate; now
awaiting Governor's signature.
LD 2499 An act Concerning the Date
by Which Land Must be Acquired by
the Penobscot Nation
I am the sponsor of this bill. The bill
will extend the deadline by which the
Nation can purchase certain trust
Support for this bill will help the
Penobscot Nation put the remainder
of land in Trust. The never should
have been a tim e limit. All of the
Paper Co. land around our
com m unity was recently sold.
Public Hearing held 2 /9 /0 0 in
Judiciary com mittee; passed in
both the House and Senate; now
awaiting Governor's signature.
lands from 1 /3 1 /2 0 0 0 to 1 /3 1 /2 0 2 1 .
LD 2549 An Act to Im plem ent
Recommendations Concerning the
Protection of Indian Archeological
Sites
I am in favor o f implementing the
recommendations that will preserve
these sites.
A Resolve passed last session shows
th e concern felt for protection o f
these sites. Maine must protect the
sites, as w e have in the past.
Public Hearing held on 2 /2 8 /0 0 ;
passed 13-0 in committee;
awaiting final enactm ent.
LD 3210 An Act to Change the Name
in the Statutes of a Native American
Organization Able to Issue Hunting
and Fishing Licenses
I am in favor of this bill as long as
the organization works closely with
Allows an off-reservation group to
issue licenses from Native
the tribes to eliminate any
duplication.
communities' governing leader.
Passed Committee; is currently in
Second Reading in the House of
Representatives; awaiting final
The bill is sponsored by Rep. Brooks
a t my request. Hopefully, the
com mittee will vote to recommend a
stronger role in both the House and
Tribal Representatives w ant and need Report Pending.
to play a m ore active role in the
legislative process. Every bill passed
affects our communities in one way
or another.
Joint Study Order Establishing a
Committee to Study the Recognition
o f Sovereign Nations in the Legislature
Senate for tribal representatives.
enactment.
LD 2607 An Act Concerning Previous
Passamaquoddy Indian Territory
Legislation
I am in favor of the Legislature
taking corrective action.
A corrective am endm ent should be
effective to change the law that was
plainly intended by all parties to the
process amending the Im plem enting
Act.
Referred to the Com m ittee on
Judiciary matters on March 7,
2000.
LD 2572 An Act to Fund the Cost of
the W aiver of Tuition, Fees and Other
I am in opposition o f passage o f this
measure, as it will only serve to
I am against the passage of this bill.
Received Unanimous Ought Not to
Pass report.
Expenses for Native American
Students in the Maine Technical
destabilize our funding base.
College System, University of Maine
System and Maine Maritim e Academy
1
1
�
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PDF Text
Text
Wabanaki Legislative Update ~ SprinQ 2000
Offensive Name law passed by Maine Legislature
iA
k waits Governor’s Signatured
Tan Kahk,
Greetings1
Dear Tribal Members,
Welcome to the second edition of the “Wabanaki Legislative Update.” This
newsletter is put together to inform the public on Legislative issues that affect
the native communities of the Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Micmac, and
Maliseet. I have enjoyed my first session in 1999 and look forward to my service
in the year 2001 next session.
In the Second Regular Session we will be addressing the following issues:
• LD 2418 An Act Concerning Offensive Names
• LD
An Act to Implement the Recommendations Concerning
Indian Archeological Sites
• LD 2178 An Act to Amend the Act to Implement the Maine Indian
Claims Settlement Concerning the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians
• LD 2499 An Act Concerning the Date by Which Land Must be Acquired
by the Penobscot Nation
• LD 3210 An Act to Change the Name in the Statutes of a Native Ameri
can Organization Able to Issue Hunting and Fishing Licenses
The bill. An Act Concerning Offensive Names, has received much national
media publicity and this shows that Maine is a leader in this area that address
issues such as this. We have held interviews with 2 in-state radio stations, 5 outof-state radio stations, and 2 British radio stations; also, an interview was taped
with ABC’s 20/20 show, (which was very badly reported). Your help in the
passage of this bill was the deciding factor, especially the young women who
stepped forward to speak from their hearts, thank you.
Other measures that we followed closely, which may have an impact on the
native communities, involved the Department of Human Services, especially
child welfare, education, and marine fisheries bills.
Be part of the process; let your voices be heard! I would like to hear from
you on issues, which may help our communities. If you have any questions or
concerns, please feel free to contact me at any of the following numbers:
State House 287-1400
Indian Township office 796-2301 ~ Pleasant Point office 853-2600
Mobile 461-8673 ~ email: soctomah@nemaine.com
Passamaquoddy website www.wabanaki.com
Welcome to the Second Regular Session of the 119th Legislature. This is
called the short session, and is comprised mostly of carry over bills and emer
gency measures. Carry overs are bills that were not acted on in the First Regular
Session. Emergency bills are determined by the Legislative Council to be of an
emergency nature. This session is scheduled to adjourn in early April 2000.
Again, in a joint effort, we bring you the second edition of the Maine Tribal
Legislative News/Wabanaki Legislative Update, in one complete format. Items
of interest are a history section and current issues, including an in depth look at
the offensive names bill, LD 2418, sponsored by Representative Soctomah. Also,
included are photos of Wabanaki Day, which was held at the Statehouse last
session.
We have charted our proposed bills for this short session with a brief expla
nation of each one, as we did in the first edition. You have shown your support
for these bills by attending the public hearings. Your presence spoke louder than
words! If you have comments, concerns or questions, please do not hesitate to
contact me either by telephone, snail mail, or e-mail, as follows:
Telephone/Fax 207-737-2608
55 North Front St., Richmond, ME 04357
dmldab @wiscasset.net
I wish you health and happiness for the new millennium.
Yours in the Spirit of Unity,
//
.
/vj, / * * /*<?
----
-/-
Donna M. Loring
Penobscot Nation, Tribal Representative
Wabanaki Legislative Update
Rep. Donna Loring
55 North Front S t, Richmond, ME 04357
Rep. Donald Soctomah
P.O. Box 102, Princeton, ME 04668
Woliwon, Thanks,
Donald Soctomah
Tribal Representative, Passamaquoddy Tribe
Printed at the expense of Representatives Soctomah and Loring
�OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
Testimonials for and against LD 2418 - An Act Concerning Offensive Names
—Patricia Smith Ranzoni,
Bucksport
Because of medical troubles I
was unable to attend the hearing on
the bill to remove the word “squaw”
from M aine place nam es; and for
same reasons do not feel up to the
letter this subject deserves. Neverthe
less, I must add my voice, and the
voice of my family, to the record on
behalf of this important legislation
and appreciate the opportunity to in
sert testimony, however inadequate,
this way.
From the time I learned we are
d escended from E uropeans w ho
settled on land belonging to Native
Peoples, I have sought to educate
m yself and our family on what is
known and unknown about our part
in history here as related to the tribes.
This path could only lead to great
sorrow, as well as humbling gratitude
for an “old love, too, between us,”
as I have written in my poetry in
honor of generational relationships
between some N ative friends and
some in our line.
It has long troubled me that our,
M aine’s, First Peoples are routinely
expected to support special efforts—
days, conferences, discussions, occa
sions, organizations, legislation and
so forth— aimed at promoting “diver
sity” and an understanding of and be
tween other races and cultures here,
while their own situation and dis
crim in atio n s o ften rem ain o v er
looked or discounted. The matter of
the usage of squaw, a remnant of old
thinking, in much the same way as
“nigger” has come to be seen, is but
one example.
One can only guess how it must
feel for tribal members to have to
appear before a legislature made up
of descendants of those who invaded
and, by means not wholly honorable,
as the record shows, took over their
homelands, to ask for understanding
in this matter of great meaning for
their people.
If M aine’s Native Peoples aren’t
included in what is meant by recent
efforts toward cross-cultural respect,
then the easy term “diversity” rings
hollow; and without the hard and
painful work to hear and act upon
what is needed to make things right,
is nothing but a hollow, false, and
cruel term with little more meaning
than any other social fad.
From reports in the newspapers,
tribal representatives and members
have articulated most clearly, pas
sionately, and successfully the ratio
nale for their request. They are their
own indisputable source.
I want to speak, also, as a woman
here. Having no right to call M aine’s
first and least known women “sis
ters,” I nevertheless, stand with them
in outrage against the reality of what
this word has meant in their lives.
That non-Natives have inexcusably
endowed this word with shame, here
and around the world, is irrefutable,
having been docum ented through
both folk and scholarly histories. It
can never be righted but through
changes the Natives, themselves, ask
for in order to retrieve their honor.
Please listen.
Let it not, again, be solely about
the lesser profit of business, but this
time, about the greater profit of hu
man respect. We cannot undo what
has been done, but we can begin new,
now that we know. We can return the
mountains, rivers, islands and points
to the Native women of this place in
this way. First, proclaiming sorrow
for what has been taken, then invit
ing them to name these places in a
new spirit of presence we can honor,
protect, and celebrate with them.
Please.
For our family, ancestors and de
scendants.
please turn to page 3
Maine’s Native Americans Gain Passage of LD 2418
by Representative
Donald Soctomah
As we enter a new millen
nium, I have hope for a better
relationship between the native
population and the State of
M aine. In order for us to achieve
this improved relationship, we
must end 400 years of hurt and
discrimination. We must learn to
live together peacefully, by hon
oring and respecting each other.
This hope was the motivat
ing factor behind legislation that
would end the use of a demoral
izing and dehumanizing term in
the State of Maine.
The passage of this bill by
the Maine House or Represen
tatives and Senate will soon be
signed into law by Governor
Angus S. King, Jr..
It w ill rem ove the word
squaw from place names in the
state.
This is not an issue of politi
cal correctness. It is about basic
human decency and respect for
one’s fellow citizens. The new
law protects an under repre
sented group in our state, native
women. Our wom en-grandmothers, mothers, and daugh
ters, are all entitled to protection
against basic human rights vio
lations, such as the use of demor
alizing language. The driving
force behind this bill is hundreds
of native women, who are con
tinually offended by the use of this fensive, derogatory words. Native assaulted by two men, who con
women have the right to define tinually yelled, “you dirty
slang word.
The Thesaurus of Slang iden themselves.
squaw ” as they repeatedly
tifies the word “squaw” as a syn
We need to grow and under kicked her.
onym for prostitute,, harlot, hussy, stand that the use of the term
In 1998, there was a high
and floozy. The dictionary identi squaw shows a lack of compas school fight that eventually
fies this word as one that is used sion to human beings, it is hard turned into a racial incident. N a
for the general population to imag tive girls were called squaws,
to offend native females.
After generations of exposure, ine how hurtful a word can be un this resulted in death threats be
the word squaw is seen as a neu less it is directed toward them, ing painted on the walls.
This new law sends, with
tral word to the general public. But their culture, or racial background.
Rep. Gerald Talbot worked great effectiveness, a goodwill
to native females this word con
tinues to be a slanderous attack diligently in 1974 to remove the message of understanding to the
against them and their culture. ”N” word from place names in Native people of this state:
Violent incidents occur more of Maine. He had to convince other Maine will stop sanctioning the
ten near the native communities, representatives how hurtful and use of offensive words, which
where the clash between cultures hateful this word is to Maine citi dehumanize and exploit the na
zens and its visitors.
tive people.
still exists.
During that floor debate, the
The native people and the
When native people name a
geographic feature, such as a river offensiveness of the word squaw native communities of Maine,
or a mountain, the term used will was questioned. Several represen askd for the passage of this bill
describe a specific location, for the tatives stated that to the native to end the perpetuation of dehu
ease of the traveler, or to denote population, it was an offensive manizing language that has been
its spiritual significance. The term. This is not a new issue to used to define our women.
It is never an aggressive act
name of the Kennebec River de Maine, it is a 400 year old issue
for a people to exercise their
scribes the contours of the river. that needs to be stopped
Nationally, Maine now joins right to self determination. It is
Mount Katahdin was named to
three other states which have re an intrinsic right that is woven
signify the spirits of the mountain
moved the word squaw from name into the fiber of values that this
and its geography.
The term squaw was not origi places. In North Carolina, the U.S. country was founded on.
The following Cheyenne
nally used for place names, as the Justice Department was involved
word did not exist before the in the removal of the word from a proverb summarizes the point of
1600’s. It is not a linguist’s defi school system in March of 1999. this bill concisely, “A nation is
There is no other word used to never conquered until the hearts
nition of the original native word
day which hurts native women as of its women are on the ground.”
that is of concern, it is the way the
Every time this defamatory
term has been used to define na much as the word squaw. The term
tive women in its current context. has been used as a slanderous as term is used, the hearts of our
Through communication and edu sault in hate crimes; last year, a women take another blow.
cation we can rid the state of of- native woman was being brutally
OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
�FFENS
aga'"S’have a chance to change
women. We
BLIC
L° 2411-* " A tlensive Names from page 2
c
l
O
come to be felt as the word whore
that sexual connotation and to give
the respect to Native women that they
feels... dirty, degrading, and shameful.
My people have suffered great
in d ig n atio n u n d er w hite rule in
Houlton for many generations. We
did not have a land base before 1980
but for safety and community, our
families settled in the same area....
always delegated to the least desirable land,
tor behind the legislation, w hich
would remove the word squaw from
deserve. Being a Native man, and the
father of seven daughters, I do not
want to see them, or anyone else’s
daughter, have to carry these verbal
scars for the rest of their lives.
This Bill will send, with great effectiveness, a goodwill message of
understanding to the Native people
of this State: That Maine will stop
sanctioning the use o f offensive
place nam es w ithin the State o f
Maine. This is not an issue about political correctness; it is about basic
human decency and respect for one’s
fellow citizens. It is not a linguist’s
definition of the original Native word
words that dehumanize and exploit
the Native people. The Native comm unities o f the Passam aquoddy,
Penobscot, M aliseet and M icMac,
including elected governmental officials of these Tribes, representing
is of concern; it is the way the
term has been used to define Native
" ~ H“
w om en in its c u rre n t co n te x t.
7,500 people, have signed a resolu-
Donald Soctomah
Judiciary Com m ittee - C hairs
Senator Longley and Representative
Thompson.
Today is an im portant day in
Maine Native history. We are step
ping forw ard to address a term ,
which has been used for many years
to degrade and dehumanize native
women. This was the motivating fac-
. •
r
,
„
Through communication and education we can rid this State of offensive, derogatory words, so that Native women will have the right to
define themselves. This Bill seeks to
protect an under represented group
within this State, N ative Women.
T hey are e n title d to p ro te c tio n
against basic hum an rights violations, such as the use o f demoralizing language. The driving force be
hind this Bill is the hundreds of Na
tive Women, who are continually
offended by the use of this slang
word. To the general public, after
generations of exposure, the word
squaw is seen as a neutral word, but
to the Native Women this word con
tinues to be a slanderous attack
against them and their culture. In ra
cial incidents involving hate and
physical violence this word is con
tinually used to attack Native people.
These incidents occur more often
near the Native communities, where
unfortunately the clash of the cultures
still exists.
We need to grow and understand
that the use of the term squaw shows
a lack of compassion for human be
ings. It is hard for the general popu
lation to imagine how hurtful a word
can be unless it is directed at them,
their culture, or their racial back
ground.
In other areas where the squaw
word is used to define geographic
features, we can enhance the history
of the area by using the correct terms.
For example, Squaw Mountain can
be called M aquaso M ountain in
honor of C hief K ineo’s mother to
whom the legend refers. A nother
place, called Squaw Bosom, makes
a c o n n o ta tio n to w ard s N ativ e
o
f
the
Year of the Native Woman. We ask
the State of Maine and the Federal
government to recognize this d e c i
ration by stopping the use of the term
squaw.
One experience that is burned
into my memory was coming home
one day and seeing a big road sign at
the end of our road that said SQUAW
KNOLL. When I entered my home I
found my mother in tears... she was
so humiliated
Can you for a moment im a g in e
imagine
how a black American finding a sign
»ad
e - e d by ,he ,„w „ gov——
ernment at the end of their road that
read Niqger Knoll would feel? We
felt no less insulted. My mother made
my two brothers go down and remove the sign. It was a very courageous act because she knew that
they could be charged with tampering with town property. But it was
Today you will hear testimony on
how the S .... word is being used
against Native women. You need to
listen because the vast general popu- m ore im portant to not allow our
lation does not get to hear this, now people to be treated with such bla
is the time for this to be told.
tant racism. The sign did not return...
I ask for passage of this Bill to the road now carries the name Co&an
end the perpetuation of dehumaniz Road.
ing language that has been used to
Long before the current debate
define Native women. It is never an over the word began we shared the
aggressive act for a people to exer common experience of being taunted
cise their right to self-determination. by the word squaw. Women of my
It is an intrinsic right that is woven tribe describe the taunting they were
into the fiber of values that this coun subjected to in the 60’s in downtown
try was founded upon.
Houlton as children and teenagers,
being surrounded by local w hite
youth giving their imitation (as seen
-Brenda Commander, TYibal
on television) of an Indian war cry
Chief, Houlton Band of Maliseet
and calling them squaws. N ative
Indians
young people did not venture down
Good M orning. I come before town alone ... but even in the com
you this morning as a Native woman, pany of others they were not safe
daughter, mother of a daughter, and guarded from verbal assaults... and
the Chief of the Houlton Band of it certainly did not come from young
Maliseet Indians, to tell you how the people only.... it was just as likely to
use of the word squaw has affected come from an adult.
my life, and that of my mother... my
I would like to be able to say that
sisters... my aunt’s... and the lives of such things would not happen today
all the women of my tribe.
but I cannot. As recently as two years
I have not spoken to even one ago, one o f our trib al eld ers, a
Maliseet woman who is not offended woman, was standing in front of the
by the use of the word squaw. We do C ounty courthouse in dow ntow n
not know how the word originated... H oulton, w hen a group o f youth
but we are certain it did not origi circled her doing their imitation of a
nate from our tongue. We did not use war yelp, calling her ’squaw’. It was
the term to describe ourselves; it was a devastating experience for her...
cast upon us by the white settlers. We bringing back all the old hurts.
are unsure of its original meaning,
As a people who for so long have
but we do know how it came to be not had a voice that was heard in
used. It has been used to taunt and Maine we did not feel empowered to
degrade us as women. The word has even think about addressing this is-
s u e .... we are th a n k fu l to Rep.
Soctomah, for bringing this issue to
the public conscience and giving us
a voice.
—Emma Nicolar
My name is Emma Nicolar. I am
a 58-year-old Penobscot woman. I
want to express my gratitude to those
individuals who have worked so hard
and persistently to get this bill where
it is today. This “Act” is a long time
overdue.
I am a P en o b sco t In d ian
woman— I am not a “squaw” al
though I have been called that many
times in my life. I don’t have the time
to detail here how detrimental this
societal abuse was to the develop-
n ie ^ f
ZZZZ. Z
I won’t go into what I’ve had to do
to heal from the pain that it inflicted,
but I did heal. I was born on the
Penobscot Indian R eservation in
Maine in 1942 but grew up in other
areas other than the reservation.
My parents separated when I was
around 4 years old and I went to live
in Connecticut. My mother later put
us in a foster home in Milford, ME. I
was six years old then, and that is
where I fvt& remember bevrvj det
graded andmade to feellike “
doggie
poo” (mild expletive) because I was
an Indian. I went to live with my dad
on Indian Island when 1 w as 11 years
old, and went to Old Town schools.
In gang units Old Town youths were
famous for calling me and others
“squaw”, dirty Indians, and making
sexually unacceptable remarks.
During the 1940’s and 1950’s
what did anyone know of unaccept
able behavior -next to nothing! I had
to grin and bear whatever came my
way. It was at this time, junior high I
believe, that I began to develop a
defensive attitude. Playing basketball
or engaging in other athletic activi
ties, if I was better at the game, the
only way the non-Indian girls could
put me down was to make remarks
about my being an Indian, not just
one - on - one, but always as a group/
gang.
The chip on my shoulder grew
during my teenage years, and at one
time I carried a knife on me at all
times and used it a couple of times
when physically accosted by non-In
dian boys. I went to live in M assa
chusetts during high school with an
older brother and had hoped that be
ing Indian wouldn’t follow me there,
but it did. My sister and I were the
please turn to page 6
OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
�1999 WABANAKI DAY ATTHE MAINE STATE HOUSE
�1999 WABANAKI DAY ATTHE MAINE STATE HOUSE
�OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
Testimonials for and against LD 2418 - An Act Concerning Offensive Names fro p g 3
mae
only two Indians in the school sys
tem and we were never allowed to
forget it. I have never been endeared
by non - Indians for my ethnic back
ground, but always the edge of dirt,
filth, and second-rate citizen was
present in their remarks. Needless to
say I became an adult with no self
esteem. However, I had one charac
teristic which saved me - persever
ance. I was going to survive in spite
of all the name calling and hurt and I
did. Today, I know all about bigotry,
slander, prejudice, and how to pro
tect myself from the hurt and pain.
I ’ve watched the Native population
of this country struggle, just as the
Negro population has, to gain respect
and dignity. You cannot get away
with calling me “squaw” today be
cause I know the laws and will use
them against you. You cannot call my
daughter names, or my son, and get
away with it because I will come to
their rescue if they can’t handle it
themselves. I have held the current
school system s acco u n tab le fo r
p reju d ices d isp lay ed du rin g my
children’s education.
Squaw Valley, California, and
Squaw M ountain, M aine, are two
very beautiful places. I consider my
self a beautiful person today, and will
not tolerate being called “squaw” .
Change these names in this new mil
lennium, and transform these sites
back to their natural beauty. If you
must continue to use Native ethnicity
as a basis for naming these sites,
there are some beautiful names in the
Native languages, which would be
more appropriate. I have argued at
another committee meeting about the
use of the word “sovereignty”, as I
argue today about the use of the word
“squaw.” We as Native peoples never
needed these words, we have always
known who we are and have a lan
guage to describe ourselves. These
are your words, and “squaw” is a
misnomer. I ’m sure we’re all famil
iar with the description of this word
in W ebster’s Collegiate Dictionary.
But have you ever taken the time to
find out what an Indian woman was
called in her own language. Each
tribal language is different but each
tribe has a w ord, or d eriv ativ es
thereof, for designating a N ative
w om an or d e sc rib in g a N ativ e
woman. Do these place names that
contain “squaw” today have to have
an ethnic tone? How far would you
get today if you called these places
“Frog M ountain” , “Nigger M oun
tain”, or some such ethnic slur? We
are adults today, and possess the
power to make changes, and I pray
to the power to my understanding
that you will change all place names
with the word “squaw” in it in the
State of Maine.
—Richard M. Doyle,
Office of the Governor
G ood M orning to the d istin
guished Chairs and Members of the
Judiciary Committee.
I am honored to be here this
morning to testify in favor of L.D.
2418, an Act Concerning Offensive
Names. This act would correct a
defamation that has been perpetuated
against Indian Women specifically,
and Indian People in general. I will
not condone this word by speaking
it here today, but the bill specifies the
word in question. This word has been
used to defile Indian women ever
since the European invasion of this
land. You have been provided with
the origins of this word by Represen
tative Soctomah, MITSC, and oth
ers, I will not go there. What I do
want to talk about is how it feels to
an Indian Person, obviously a male
perspective, to hear someone use
such a word. I have heard the “s”
word many times in my life. Each
time it has been used to inflict pain
and stereotype Indian women. The
word as I hear and perceive it denotes
an Indian woman who is easy, an In
dian woman who is promiscuous, a
slut, a whore. When the term is used
generally the meaning is intensified.
Each time I hear this word I am of
fended to the point of madness and
disgusted that the dominant society
allows and tolerates such racist lan
guage.
I have heard our women tell me
about ex-boyfriends chasing them
around in public calling them the “s”
word loudly, having this term painted
on a door or wall to brand them, and
other arduous stories.
I have heard for m yself white
men saying things like “it’s Saturday
night, guess I’ll take a trip to the res
ervation and snag me one of those
“s” words” (this from UMM staff),
“better get home before my s” word
goes on the warpath”, “the girl was
so drunk out of her mind, if I didn’t
know better I would swear she was a
“s” word, as well as many other ex
amples of racially loaded idiocy.
This same type of racism is cur
rently allowed by the State in the
naming of businesses, geographic
features, natural resources, sport
teams, and all types of groups.
The non - Native will try to tell Thompson, and members of the com
you that these words are not offen mittee, I am Sharon Libby Jones, a
sive or were not meant to be offen selectmen for the town Greenville,
speaking against L.D. 2418.
sive.
I am a small business owner, a
I hope that this committee under
stands that the “s” word in today’s S ele ctm e n fo r the Town o f
society is offensive to Native people. Greenville and a former State Rep
There is no justification or explana resentative that represented District
tion that can change the fact that this 111, which is located in Piscataquis
term is racist. Others may try to tell County and includes 11 towns, two
this com m ittee that banning this plantations and several organized ter
word will infringe upon or even de ritories in Northern Maine. Several
stroy part of another Indian language. of these unorganized territories are
I do not accept this premise either, L ittle Squaw Tow nship and Big
since this “s” word may be a bastard Squaw Township.
L.D. 2418, An Act Concerning
ization of an Indian word, changed
in ignorance to classify and demean. Offensive Names, is a step in the
I do not know of any Indian culture wrong direction for Maine. I think
that would allow others to use their all of us here recognize the impor
words to shame and attack their Na tance of the State’s history. We need
to understand the state’s tribal cul
tive sisters and brothers.
L.D. 2418 goes further than just ture and history. Piscataquis County,
banning a word, it seeks to officially for over 100 years, has recognized
celebrate our Native Women for all and realized the importance of the
they have contributed to the Indian Native American culture and history.
family, the Indian culture, and to the Currently, the Piscataquis County
State of Maine. It is a positive ap Economic Council has begun survey
proach. Proclaiming this millennial research on the cultural heritage of
year The Year of the Native Ameri the region. This research project will
can Woman would honor all native be gathering information from his
people while providing hope for the torians, storytellers, and traditional
future that all people will be in har businesses. The information will be
m ony, and m u tu al respect w ill catalogued and used to develop a
a bound for one another.
cultural heritage m ap, which w ill b e
If it were up to my Tribe, this used to inform tbe citizens of tbe
term, along with other racially offen State and our travelers to the region
sive words, (excuse my language) of the richness of our history.
such as “redskin” would be prohib
We are m oving fo rw ard in
ited and if anyone dare utter the Greenville with a Natural Resource
word, then strict penalties would ap Education Center. The concept of this
ply. But it is not up to us, it is up to facility is to house orientation and in
the Maine Legislature to pass a bill terpretation services, educational
that would make it known to all, that exhibits, on- and off-site programs,
the State of Maine does not tolerate interpretive trails, and events that ex
racism. That the State of Maine will plain and celebrate the unique natu
not allow Indian women or any other ral and cultural heritage of the region.
group to be publicly ridiculed, that
Piscataquis County is the poor
the State of Maine recognizes and ap est County in the State with the least
preciates diversity, that the State of population of any other county. We
Maine pays honor to Native Women are rich with natural resources, his
for their strength, their accomplish tory, culture and pride. The Native
ments, their vision, their compassion, Americans are very much a part of
our history.
their beauty, and their tolerance.
Less than one week ago, I re
Thank you for allowing me to
speak my words and hope each of the ceived a Public Hearing Notice about
members consider them in deliber this important Public Hearing. Since
ating this matter. Please support L. then there have been several articles
and notifications that were sent to the
D .2418.
Woliwon (thank you) naka Tahu citizens of the area. Tremendous feel
ings, reflections on history, as well
(and stop)
as strong emotions, have been pour
ing in from the Native Americans and
citizens of the Moosehead Lake Re
—Sharon Libby Jones
gion. In less than 24 hours nearly 300
Greenville Selectmen
people signed petitions that were lo
and Former State Representative,
cated in just a few of our businesses
District 111
please turn to page 7
Senator Longley, Representative
OFFENSIVE NAME TO BE REMOVED FROM PUBLIC PLACES
�Speech to the 63rd Maine Legislature,
in 1887 by Lewis Mitchell Representative
of the Passamaquoddy Tribe of Indians
I was authorized by the Passamaquoddy Tribe of Indians to come
here before you for the purpose of making known to you what the
Passamaquoddy Indians have done for the American people, and
how we have been used by the American people and how we used
them. In 1775 or 1776, in the struggle between Great Britain and
America, your people came to us for assistance. You authorized Col.
John Allan to speak to us and you said, “He is our mouth, believe
what he says to you.” After many kind words and promises, Francis
Joseph, who was the chief of the tribe at that time, accepted his
offer. He promised to go and help his people gain their indepen
dence. Immediately he sent his captains to different parts of his coun
try to notify his people to prepare for immediate war. In a few days
Francis Joseph gathered an army of six hundred men. At that time,
and many years before that, the Passamaquoddy Tribe was the head
quarters of the Abnaki Nation.
Passamaquoddy Tribe can show you by a letter from Col. John
Allan when he authorized the Passamaquoddy Indians to guard the
coast form Machias to Passamaquoddy, and authorized them to seize
the enemy’s vessels. And according to his orders we can show you
by the affidavit, Capt. Sopiel Socktoma, with fifty others of his tribe,
captured an armed schooner in Passamaquoddy Bay, and they ran
her to Machias and gave her up to Col. John Allan.
We know the Indians who served in that war are passed out of
existence, but the Passamaquoddy Tribe helped the Americans in
that war, and the tribe is still in existence, Now we bountily ask
your attention to help us by letting the Legislature examine the pa
pers and refer them to Congress, if they see fit.
In the treaties of 1725, 1794, and Governor Dummer’s treaty of
1727, and in the laws of Massachusetts and Maine at their separa
tion, we were guaranteed the right to hunt and fish forever.
In the year 1854 or 1857 some dishonest person or persons pre
sented a petition to the Maine Legislature, asking the State to sell
the Indians’ land - Indians did not need it - so the Legislature passed
a resolve, that a certain piece of land, situated in the Town of Perry,
owned by the Indians, would be sold by public auction, on such day,
at Perry (they must have arranged everything so they wouldn’t bid
against each other) and that land was sold for the small sum of
$500.00. The Indians opposed the sale of it. Now their firewood
costs the Indians of Pleasant Point $ 1,500.00 a year. If that land had
not been sold, the Indians would not suffer for want of firewood.
Thousands of cords of cordwood have been cut, and wood is on it
yet.
The land cleared by the Indians was also sold. Now we claim
again that this is not right. An Indian agent himself bought this land
afterward and again when we lost the claim on the Islands the case
Granger vs. Indians, we not only lost the claim, but $2,500.00 out of
the Indians in favor of Mr. Granger.
Just consider, today, how many rich men there are in Calais, in
St. Stephen, M illtown, M achias, East M achias, Colum bia,
Cherryfield, and other lumbering towns. We see a good many of
them worth thousands and even millions of dollars. We ask our
selves, how they make most of their money? Answer is, they make
it on lumber or timber once owned by the Passamaquoddy Indians.
How many of their privileges have been broken? How many of
their lands have been taken from them by authority of the State?
Now, we say to ourselves, these Indians ought to have everything
they ask for. They deserve assistance. We are sent here to help the
poor and defend their rights.
Now, this plainly shows us how much worse a people of five
hundred and thirty souls are, stripped of their whole country, their
privileges on which they depend for their living; all the land they
claim to own now being only ten acres. If one or two men in this
body were Indians they would fight like braves for their rights.
Now look at yourselves and see whether I am right or wrong. If
you find any insulting language in my speech, I ask your pardon. I
don’t mean to insult anybody, but simply tell you of our wrong.
Testimonials from page 6
in the area. Yes Native Americans ganization, for years have promoted
sign them as well. That is how strong the word “Squaw ” w hether it be
our feelings are for the history of the Squaw Brook, Little Squaw Brook
word “Squaw.”
Campground, hiking and biking trails
The im p o rtan ce of the w ord throughout the Townships, on menus,
“Squaw” is not only important to the signs, Squaw Mountain Resort and
h e rita g e o f the area b u t to our G olf Course and our magnificent
economy locally and Statewide. Big Mountain called “Big Squaw Moun
Squaw Mountain, an internationally tain”.
known ski area in Big Squaw Town
Think for a moment the impact,
ship, is very important to our area. economically and historically, on this
T his M ou n tain at one tim e was unique area of the State. The follow
owned by the State. Located on ma ing D epartm ents w ould have to
jestic M oosehead Lake are wonder change many statues and regulations
ful areas such as Squaw Bay, Squaw and maps of the area. All Business
Point and Squaw Point Subdivision. Brochures, The Town of Greenville,
The State owns a cam pground on Emergency Management Agencies,
Squaw Brook. The water supply for The Department of Transportation,
the Town of Greenville comes from The Departm ent of Conservation,
a well located in Little Squaw Town The Department of Inland Fisheries
ship. The Town has a sanitary land and Wildlife, The Health and Infor
fill in Little Squaw Township. There m atio n C en ter (EM S law ),
is a growing industrial park located Piscataquis County Law Enforce
in this Township. We have a boom ment Agencies.
ing snow m obile industry located
We have recently had completed
throughout Little and Big Squaw areas for the E-911 system that con
Townships, and Big Squaw Moun tain the word “Squaw” . The evacua
tain. The trails systems (ITS 86 plus tion designation for our immediate
local trails) in these areas are some area is Big Squaw Mountain.
the best in the State.
Think what this change would do
(Expenditures per Snowmobile for the State Forestry Division in our
for a resident are near $600.00 and a area. They maintain an immense and
nonresident $1,100.00). Businesses, complex system for Forest Fires Pro
the S tate o f M ain e and the tection.
Moosehead Lake Region Chamber
Please do not remove forever the
of Commerce, the Moosehead His word “Squaw” from the Moosehead
torical Society, our schools and the Regions heritage by passing this leg
islation. Thank you.
Shaw Public Library,
International Seaplane Fly In Or
Partial listing of organizations supporting the
elimination of “Squaw” from name places in Maine
TribesAroostook Band of Micmacs
Passamaquoddy Tribe at Motahkokmikuk (Indian Township)
Houlton band of Maliseets
Passamaquoddy Tribe at Sipayik (Pleasant Point)
Penobscot Nation
United South and Eastern Tribes, Inc. (23 federally recognized tribes)
Other Native OrganizationsAIM
Daughters of the First Light
IRATE
NACHME
Wabanaki Mental Health, Inc.
Administration of Governor Angus S. King, Jr.Maine Indian Tribal-State Commission
Religious OrganizationsCatholic Diocese of Maine
Episcopal Diocese of Maine, Committee on Indian Relations
Friends Committee on Maine Public Policy
Maine Council of Churches
Maine Holocaust Human Rights Center
Other OrganizationsBlack Education and Cultural History, Inc.
(Former Representative Jerry Talbot,
Founder)
Hall-Dale Middle School Civil Rights Team
Maine AFL-CIO
Maine Civil Liberties Union
Maine Human Rights Commission
Maine Lesbian Gay Political Alliance
Maine Women’s Lobby
NAACP
National Coalition Building Institute____________________________ _
�Protection of Indian Archeological Sites
In the spring of 1999 the 119th Legislature passed
the following Resolve requiring the study of the issue
of looting and vandalism of Native American archeo
logical sites, and preparation of a report recommend
ing solutions:
Resolved: That the Maine Historic Preservation
Commission and the Representatives of the Penobscot
Nation and the Passamaquoddy Tribe jointly shall con
duct a review of the threats to Native American ar
cheological sites from looting and vandalisfn and re
port their recommendations for implementing a moni
toring or stewardship program for site protection and
preservation. The review must also involve the fol
lowing law enforcement agencies: the Maine Warden
Service, the Maine Forest Service, the Bureau of ma
rine Patrol, and local and state law enforcement. The
review must also involve the Native American com
munity and other interested parties.
To fulfill this legislative charge, Arthur Spiess held
a series of meetings with Donald Soctomah in August
and September 1999. Spiess, Soctomah and Represen
tative Donna Loring also met on September 8, 1999.
Then Spiess met with the law enforcement agencies
mentioned in the legislation and held discussions over
the telephone during September through December
1999. Donald Soctomah presented the legislation to
inter-tribal meetings for discussion. Comments were
sought form the board of the Maine Archeological
Society.
Late Breaking News
The bill is designed to provide increased protec
tion for archeological sites. It amends the definition of
an archeological site on state-controlled land to include
a site judged eligible for listing on the national Regis
ter of Historic Places by the Maine Historic Preserva
tion Commission and approved by the appropriate land
managing agency director or local governing body.
Current law requires the site to be listed on the Na
tional Register of Historic Places.
It also makes the unlawful excavation of a pro
tected archeological site a Class E crime for which a
fine of not less than $250 must be adjudged. The court
may order the defendant to pay an amount equal to the
reasonable cost of a proper archeological excavation,
had the area that was unlawfully excavated been prop
erly excavated.
A provision that an emergency archeological site
designation may be made for a period not to exceed
10 years and that the Director of the Maine historic
preservation Commission and the landowner shall
specify in writing the area that is the subject of such a
designation.
It provides funding for increased monitoring of
archeological sites. This funding supports a part-time
monitoring coordinator using existing part-time project
personnel and site monitors. It also provides funds for
the development and delivery of training materials for
law enforcement officers.
On March 3, 2000, on the morning show at 7:30
a.m., the KISS 94.5 DJ, Stan Marckoon advocated over
the public airways to call the new Sacajewea Dollar
the “Squaw Buck.”
Those of you who wish to express your feelings
on this issue, may write to the Station Manager at the
following address:
Mr. Mark Osborne
Co-owner/General Manager
KISS 94.5 Radio Station
PO Box 9494
Ellsworth, ME 04605
For further information, you may also contact:
Jessica Sockbeson McGregor
1410 Essex St.
Bangor, ME 04401
Tel: (207) 990-2613
Fax: (207) 947-7840
E-mail: jsockbe@aol.com
Census 2000
Be s ir e to fill out your census
200 0 form . I t is imperative th at
Tribal Members be counted in the
New Millennium
TRIBAL ISSUES BEFORE THE 119™ SECOND REGULAR SESSION
LD # an d Bl T itle
il
LD 2178 An Act to Amend the Act to
Im plem ent the Maine Indian Claims
Settlem ent Concerning the Houlton
Band o f Maliseet Indians
Com m ent b y R ep. Loring
I am in favor o f the bill as written.
The Maliseets should be sovereign as
are Penobscots and Passamaquoddy.
Rep. Sherman o f Houlton reluctantly
sponsored by request; he was 7 0 %
against the bill in com mittee.
Com m ent b y R ep. Soctom ah
Strongly support. The Maliseet Band
should have the same rights as the
Passamaquoddy and Penobscot.
C urrent B illS ta tu s
Public Hearing held 1 /2 8 /0 0 ; was
tabled for 30 days so all parties
could reach agreem ent on
language and c o n ten t Failed to
pass in Committee.
LD 2418 An Act Concerning Offensive
Names
I completely support this bill; should
be a "No Brainer." The bill disallows
the use of Squaw or squa by the
State in naming public or geographic
sites. I t does not elim inate usage
from the English language.
This word has always been offensive,
in effect, used to demoralize native
w om en. They are the foundation o f
a healthy community. The State
must stop sanctioning its use.
Public Hearing held 1 /2 8 /0 0 in
Judiciary com m ittee; passed in
both the House and Senate; now
awaiting Governor's signature.
LD 2499 An act Concerning the Date
by Which Land Must be Acquired by
the Penobscot Nation
I am the sponsor of this bill. The bill
will extend the deadline by which the
Nation can purchase certain trust
Support for this bill will help the
Penobscot Nation put the remainder
of land in Trust. The never should
have been a tim e limit. All of the
Paper Co. land around our
com m unity was recently sold.
Public Hearing held 2 /9 /0 0 in
Judiciary com mittee; passed in
both the House and Senate; now
awaiting Governor's signature.
lands from 1 /3 1 /2 0 0 0 to 1 /3 1 /2 0 2 1 .
LD 2549 An Act to Im plem ent
Recommendations Concerning the
Protection of Indian Archeological
Sites
I am in favor o f implementing the
recommendations that will preserve
these sites.
A Resolve passed last session shows
th e concern felt for protection o f
these sites. Maine must protect the
sites, as w e have in the past.
Public Hearing held on 2 /2 8 /0 0 ;
passed 13-0 in committee;
awaiting final enactm ent.
LD 3210 An Act to Change the Name
in the Statutes of a Native American
Organization Able to Issue Hunting
and Fishing Licenses
I am in favor of this bill as long as
the organization works closely with
Allows an off-reservation group to
issue licenses from Native
the tribes to eliminate any
duplication.
communities' governing leader.
Passed Committee; is currently in
Second Reading in the House of
Representatives; awaiting final
The bill is sponsored by Rep. Brooks
a t my request. Hopefully, the
com mittee will vote to recommend a
stronger role in both the House and
Tribal Representatives w ant and need Report Pending.
to play a m ore active role in the
legislative process. Every bill passed
affects our communities in one way
or another.
Joint Study Order Establishing a
Committee to Study the Recognition
o f Sovereign Nations in the Legislature
Senate for tribal representatives.
enactment.
LD 2607 An Act Concerning Previous
Passamaquoddy Indian Territory
Legislation
I am in favor of the Legislature
taking corrective action.
A corrective am endm ent should be
effective to change the law that was
plainly intended by all parties to the
process amending the Im plem enting
Act.
Referred to the Com m ittee on
Judiciary matters on March 7,
2000.
LD 2572 An Act to Fund the Cost of
the W aiver of Tuition, Fees and Other
I am in opposition o f passage o f this
measure, as it will only serve to
I am against the passage of this bill.
Received Unanimous Ought Not to
Pass report.
Expenses for Native American
Students in the Maine Technical
destabilize our funding base.
College System, University of Maine
System and Maine Maritim e Academy
1
1
�
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<em>Wabanaki Legislative News </em>(Spring 2000)
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Loring, Donna M. and Donald Soctomah
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University of New England Maine Women Writers Collection
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2000
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Cathleen Miller, UNE
Meredith Ricker
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Donna M. Loring and Donald G. Soctomah. Used with permission. We thank University of New England for making digitized copies available.
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English
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