2 10 37 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/91c3490e6b84bc49ff458ca2b028c683.pdf e821ca5df8e38bd6464a6dfdddc01000 PDF Text Text VOLUME 2, NUMBERS 1 & 2 August & September 1967 PROCLAFATION Given at the Council Chamber in Boston this third day of November 1755 in the twen t y - ninth year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Second by the Grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King Defender of the Faith. By His Honour's co1wand J. Jill rd, Seery. God SJve the King . whereas the tribe of Penobscot �ndians have repeatedly in a perfidious manner acted contrary to their solemn sub­ mission unto his i'tiajasty long since made and frequently renewed. I have, therefore, at the desire of the House of Repre­ sentatives thought fit to issue this Proclamation and to declare the Penobscot Tribe of Indians to be enemies, rebels and traitors to his Ma je s ty And I do hereby require his Majes t y ' s subjects of the Province to ewbrace all op�or­ tunities of purs uing, captivating, killing and destroying all and every of th e aforesaid Indians. And whereas the General Court of this Province have voted that a bounty be granted and allowed to be �clid out of the Frovince Treasury the premiums of bounty following viz. : • • • • • • • • • • • • • For every scalp of a male Indian brqught in as evidence of their being killeJ as aforesaid, forty pounds . For every scalp of such female Indian or. wale Indian under the age of twelve years that shall be k ill e d and b ro ught in as evid�nce of their being killed as aforesaid, t�enty pounds. In the House of Rep res e n t a t ive s June 10, 1756: For every Indian enemy thclt they shall kill and produce the s c alp to the Gover...nment and Council in evidence, the sum of three hu n dred pounds. Also, voted, that t h e same allowance be made to privat e persons who shall ki ll any Indiun eneiuy which is made to soldiers on the frontiers of the province. • • • (Cont'd p. 2) �- 2 - 1) (Continued from Page (Editor's Note: I I Recently we hap�ened to come upon at the Maine Historical Society Library in vJe thou.�ht it was about ti.....11e people realized that not & general custom of the bhis proclamation Portland, 'cline. ;iscalping" was Indians in this area until the French and the English taught them how to do it. · we haven't found any specific treaty nullifying this proclamation, so • * • • • • • • • • • • Wil lamette University Students Work on Housing Project Eiglt students from Willamette University spent their spring vaca­ tion working on the housing project here on the Swinomish Reserva­ tion. The group wanted to accor.i:ilish soi .ething vrnrthwhile during their vacation, anted soue physical labor. night during the basketball finals. from ;.7ashington and Oregon, fornia were represented. ma� rooms, and floors. although Alaska, (From The Seagul l, * • and Cali­ Several of the girls installed insulation 70 doors. They have been one of the better groups which has worked on the houses. La Conner, Colorado, While here the group nailed gabeling up, and painted approximately Comraunity, They caBe Sunday Nost of the young people are �·Je offer our thanks to theru. Published at the Swinomish Indian Tribal ·uashington� * * • • * • * • • APRICOTS AGAIN There are hundred,s of foods which were unknovm to the early European explorers until the American Indian presented these foods to them. The following is an old want to try. Indian beverage which you may E lsewhere in the Newsletter this month you �ill find other recipes for snacks which the Indians also enjoyed. This first recipe is taken from The Art Of American Indian Cooking. Apricot Drink (Makes � 2 1 1. 2. 3. 8-10 servings) pound dried apricots quarts water cup honey Simmer the apricots .in l� quarts for Put through a food mil l or puree in a Mix in the remaining wa.ter and honey, * * * • • * • • 30 minutes. blender chi l l • • until smooth. rve l l, and served iced. • Our mail Besure an·d send in your news, stories and conunents. ·has been rather heavy for the last few Llonths but we are going to Starting on the next try and print more letters from Maine Indians. page wou wil l find some that are very interesting. * • * * • • • * • • • �- 3 � D I EDI'rOR. T 0 R I h L S F.UGBNIA (THOi·rnS) 'rHOhF.:JON (Penobscot) • .The ��ine Indian Newsletter is Maine's only state-wide Indian newsletter, and is free of charge. News and stories may be submitted to the Newsletter for publica­ tion at the follo�ing address: Pine Street Free�ort, Naine, 04032 865-4253) (Telephone: Letters to the Editor are welcome but must conform to the rules required by every newspaper. They oust bear the writer's correct mrune and address although pen names are permitted at the discre­ tion of the Editor. All letters must be si·ned though names will be withheld from publication on request. �reference till be given to letters not over 350 1ords in lencth. Letters are subject to condensation or editing when space limitations require and to correction of gram.mer or obvious errors. * * • • • • • • • • * MUSEUM An Eagle Feather to hr. Ray Fadden for his enlightening lecture and tour while visiting the Six Nations Indian ruseum in Onchiota, Few York. Onchiota is in the .Adirondack iiountains just 2G miles from Lake Placid. The Museum is open daily from 9 A.�. to 8 P.M. It's worth a special trip to see this achievement. The longest beaded record belt in the rnrld is housed in the museum and was explc..ined to us by Hr. Fadden 1 s son, an Indian arti•st v-1h_ose \1ork �ay be seen in the museum. The visitor way wander freely along the puths throuGh the woods in back of the tiuseum and see replica storage houses, Lliniature Iroquois, Abenaki, Lakota, Dela\1are and Mohi::;an villages. Firewood is laid out' to show many kinds of Indi&n fires, some of which were used on special occasions. Mr. Fadden especially extended an invitation to tie Indians of Maine to visit.the museum and to talk with the Indians there. When I introduced my self as a Penobscot Indian from Old Town, Maine, Mr. Fadden mentioned the Fhillips fa.uily : (Mohawk) which moved to the Penobscot Reservation ill2.11f years ago. Hr. Fadden also knew my grandfather, Evans Phillips, a ember of this family. . * • • • * * • • • * •· _. * Don't forget to send your news in for next month's issue. your friends know what you are doing. Let �- 4 - (EDI·j�QRV�LS Continued) Letters to the �ditor: Dear Sirs: Please send me the Maine Indinn Newsletter. I have just finished reading one. I am from the I enobscot Reservation of Old To�m. Sincerely, Horace G. Polchies Bridgeport, Comn • • • • • • * Dear Jean: Enclosed is my slip for the Indian Newspaper. l�lso to tell you of my brother appointment as sheriff. You have Murray Mitchell, who is my son & is a State Police. My brother is George Warren Viitchell appointed ( Deputy) Sheriff of \·lashington County. There is so many Georges in the family, its hard to keep seperated. I like your paper very much. Sincerely, Hilda Gray (Scarborough, Me. ) ( In the July issue of the Newsletter I mentioned that �urray Mitchell had been ap1:,ointed deputy sheriff; ·as the abov� let tar explains, this was wrong. Murray r�i tchell wa.s appointed to the S tate Police, alittle over a year ago. (He was the first Maine Indian to become a member of the State Police.) And as the let ter explains it was George Mitchell who is the Deputy Sherrif in ti/ashington County. See page 19 of this issue for a story regarding George :Mitchell. My husband and I were sorry to hear of this incident, but am glad to know Depu'£y !VIitchell is recovering satisfactorally. -Ed.) • • • • * • * • (Ed. 1rote: The following let ter was sent to ·Mr. George La Porte, mentioned in preqious Newsletters. This copy was sent to the Newslet ter as the Postscript will explain. ) ) Dear Mr. La Porte, I am very sorry that I have not flrote you sooner, but I have First been real busy lately since I have no work out side of home. of all_ I wan t you to know I am a Chippewa Indian. I worked for Project Enable here in Minneapolis as an Social iide. I never worked ·on reservation. I worked here in the city, bu t I am hoping by telling you my experiences I may be of some help to you. I will start from the begtnning of wy experience$. I am a mother of 8 childreri and I am alone with them. My I can tell you I used to be a mother husband and I are divorced. who thought people didn't care about other people. I never went anywhere or did anything. Then T was requested by an Indian person to attend the parent discussion group. He said they were going to be all Indian people there; only the leader would be white. They were going to talk about the problems we have with our children (Continued on page 5) at home. �- 5 - (Lett2rs to the Editor, Continued) At first I said No, as I didn't really know what good it fould do me, as people didn't care what har�en to our kids �t hoDe and people didn't care ab©ut the Indians any- ay. ,so when he ca.i.ie back the second time, I decided I would go and find out vihat it .. i:ls all about. ' So I went.-. I am telling you I left t he meeting like I left a load there. Other people have less kids than rue, but more prob­ lems. I got alot of ideas and pnswers fro� the other wothers. I never did misp another meetin after that. One thing I did do at the meeting was vote out the all Indian group. l�s I i1au never been brought up with just Indians, and every school I ··rent to hu.d a white teacher, so we then had a mixed grou:p. I ·,1ent to the meet­ ings for some time. Then the leader we had asked ce if I wanted to work for Project Enable. I really didn 1t know what to s,:y, as I only went to the 9th grade and didn't think an Indian could get a job like this. ButI ara a person who likes to help peo1)le, It so that is really what made me apply for the job, and I got it. surprised me to know some one was willing to give me a chance. I went ''vhen I first started I didn't do my job right I knm1. out and knocked on doors and to take people to �elfare office for help and so on. But when I went to team meetings and staff meetings I only sat and listened to t ,e other worker�. Then· one of the leaders said to me one day, do you always agree in what people say, and I said no. Then she said, why don't you speak up in these meetings. I said, ·1ho is going to listen to me. I never went far in school and all of us Indians don't know it all. She said that is why you got this job as we Hant to hear what you have to say too. From then on I was never afraid to talk. she was a great help to me. I learned a Everyone I worked riith helped me in ..:.iany ·mys. great deal from this job; I have corue closer to my children and I know an Indian has just as much right in this world as anyone else. One thing how I knew Project Enable was a proc;raLl th ...-' t WC::.3 out to help people: when I first became a rarent in the group meetings, my apartment was condemned and the land (lord) was going to hold ruy furniture. Then I told at the meeting 7hat was going on. On the day I was ready to move, I had the whole Enable staff at my ·door­ step to help me and nothing more was said, from the landlord I mean, but it sure is nice to know people will help out. I have had my up and downs in this job. I have had people tell me they didn't want Indians at their door, but I over-looked all this and kept on with the job. Right now I aw sorry it is over. We were not re-funded, but I am ap}, ying for another job I hope will be all Froject Enable. I sure hope I have been some help to you, as I know it is a But tough job to get people out and really get through to them. with all the let downs and what not, I aw sure you can wake it worth while, as it sure has been worth while for me looking back at it now. Please let me know if I was any help and please let me know how you are coming along. I will be happy to know, an please feel free to write me and ask questions. If I can help you out, I sure will. I will be waiting to hear from you. PleaGe excuse mistakes and hand writing. I always say I never got my j ob for ny writing and spelling. If they did hire on those terms I would of never made it, (ha ha ) . I wish you all the luck in the world. Sincerely (Cont'd on p. 6) Sylvia Thohlpson · �- 6 (Letters To The Editor, Cont'd 5) from page (P .s.) I here by give my permission for this letter to be published in your Maine Indian Newsletter, I hope I have been of soLle helu to bther people. I would be glad to answer any questions if �e ple would like to write. Thanks, � ;_; hrs. Sylvia 'rho:ill't>on 3201 Rurriet Ave. So. f-tinneappoles 55408 Minn. • Dear I1rs. * ... * • Thompson: Our office paper, * publishes approxi�ately ten i'The Seneca Natmon Newsletter", (10) issues a year of our and we Hould be very interested in exchanging our issues for your isaues if this is possible. �ay Thank you very much. I hear from you soon in this matter. Very sincerely yo�rs, ( Ed. note: SENECA NATION .OF INDI.... NS Just prior to receiving the above letter I had gathered together some information to do an artcle on the Senecas. 9. of this article will be found on page Newsletter starts coming in I will from time to tifile include articles which uill be of intzrest to our readers, * * The start s soon cs the Seneca * * * * as * spa,CE:IJ?erroits.) * Respected .t-:;aine Indian Newsletb�r I Dear Editor·, . I received the Thank Your June 1967 You very much for ' issue of the i'·iAii�E You sent me paper is very interesting, of the American Indians' I read the article called this. INDIAN llJ"E;JSLBT'rl�H. I am very hap�_.>y for it. it talks about every i��ortant woraent today life. 150 "The Penobscots years ago" and the letter of Buffy Sainte-t1iarie es11ecially ';/ith interest. beautiful record of Buffy Sainte-Marie. is I •r The nai.ile of I have the record a "It's my way". should have an other ask, if You have an older issue of the · M1, INE INDIA1\f NE : S LET TE R what You don't need, 1-:ilease send it to me. Yours sinceraly: JOZ£EF ACS * • * • • • * * * * * ( ·. �;._,/ ,(.. ,_ ·� Dear Sir or Nadam: I have received one or tVJo issues of the b.AI�� INDIAN N:t.!J,J ...:.LETTER and have found them to provide most illuminatinb readin� on the current activities and situation of the Indians in Maine. (Cont'd on p. 7) As I �- 7 (Letters cont'd from Dage 6) have not received an issue for more than a raonth, I ara concerned lest my subscription has expired or the NE .';':>L-�·rT-::� hc..s fallen on hard times. This letter is simply to ex�ress my inter�st and concern and my hope that I '.!/ill be receiving r.1ore lE JSLETT:"Ii: S. If there are anr areas in which you need extra services I Rould be interested in helping arrange for such services. I Sincerely yours, �. Bradford Greeley (The First Parish in Portland, haine) (Ed. note: Due to vacations and not due to lack of funds the Newsletter was not published in August. The Ne�sletter does receive contributions from time to tifile and these enable us to continue publishing without charging a subscription price. There are certain advantages in doing this. Our readers are still increasing at a good rate (although recently e heard where one Newsletter was circulated among more than a dozen readers) and as these names are added to the list our costs go up. Recent contributions have ranged from one dollar to fifty dollars. I 1ant to thank the�e contributors. They may be interested to know that all of the money they have sent in goes to the actual cost of publishing the Newsletter, as all of the time and work in putting the Ne�sletter out is donated. Usually ten to fifteen people h�ve been i valved by the time each 1 er.rsletter is com1Jleted.) · • • * * * • • • • * * Gentlemen: It is good to be on y ur mailing list. Nore power to you! Bertram D. Scott North Bridgton, laine * • I * * • * • * • * ·� '· 1 * Dear Mrs. Thompson: On a family trip thro_up.h Maine, returning from 'Sxpo (Hhere we stayedwith the Caughnawagas) I was given copies (March & July 1967) of your remarkable Newslett0r, first by Gov. Joseph 11Jitchell at Pleasant Point, then by Commissioner Edwerd Hinckley at Augusta. My interest in Indians is only partly in connection with my teaching of anthropology, but as a Quaker (Friend) and former member of regional and national Friends Indian Committees and the Board of the Indian Rights Association, Philadelphia, Pu. Through a publication of the last-named organization, I had learned something of Maine Indian problems, especially in the field of law enforcewent (of crhich I once made a special s�udy among the New York Iroquois) . On this trip I made no attemp to investigate the law enforce­ ment picture (or anything else) to any de�th. I did mention the wellk.nown Peter Francis case to some api.;arently well-disposed & educated white men permanently residing in southe2stern Maine (where they have sometimes employed Indians). They felt that the (Continued on page 8 ) �- 8 - (Lett8rs cont'd from p. 7) acquital .ms done according to law, and did not see how the courts could do any filore nn the basis of tne evidence- in fact it see�ed possible some other party might be guilty. Fro.u1 there they \7ent . on to say th�t it was a well-known fact that wany crimes of violence (some connected with liquor, and perhaps even �ncluding murder) went unreporte� and unpunished 'down on the Point' (probably meaning Peter Dana, rather than Pleasant Point?) . If this is so it may reflect a residual feeling among both Indians & �1hites in the comrimnity that, as Indian land does not corne under 1white•i law for some purposes (so.id to�some question over Indian immunity from State hunting & fishing regulations) , it iilay <."Llso be inappro­ priate to enforce the State criminal cotle there. If there is such a point of view, it calls to mind the refusal, years ago, of a Florida judge to try an Indinn accused of murdering another Indian. Actually, as the Seminoles (& recently l iikasukees) are de � under Federal jurisdiction, such a i11Urder probably did not belong in State court, but should have been tried in a Federal court in thE: first place, under the U.S. "10 Lajor Crimes Act. " But as Naine Indians were already subjugated by the King of -�ngland, as being w·ithin one of the 13 original colonies (N. Y. State is exceptional) , the jurisdictidn of the State of I1eine over such crime would be the same on or off a �eservation, uhether Indians or non- Indians were involved·. In fact, as the PassaIHaquoddy's seem to have no ·iroceedure for settling even minor criminal matters (or do they?) , the entire Maine Criminal Gode presu�ably ap�lies on the reservRtions, the Indian Constable beinG a va�t of the haine law enforcement system, as much as any other peace officer. Those interested should reed about tribal & state powers in Indian affairs in Felix S. Cohen's "Handbook of the Federal Indian Law of the United States" (·1ash. , 1942). Sincerely, Robert R. Solenberger Ass't Prof. of Social Science Bloomsburg State College (Pennsyvania) (Ed. note: Any Indians wishing to answer or comment on the above letter may write to the Newsletter if they �-dsh and we will be glad to forward your reply on to Professor Solenberger. · My only other comment �ight now is that in all of the early treaties I am told that the Indians in this area reserved to them­ selves )iunting, fishing and fowling rights," and yet in the case of State v.. Peter Newell (1892) 84 Me. 465, 24 A. 943, the Court unceremoniously swept all these rights away with the lame excuse that these Indians in Maine could not claim to be descended from Of course the Court the original abbrigine residing in the area. did not explain its reasoning any illore than to rely on a former case, I understand this case has never Murch v. Tomer ( 184-2) 21 Ne. 535. been questioned since in the Maine Courts. ) * * • * • • * * * • • Any .Penobscot, Passamaquo<ldy or other Indian living in Ma.ine should feel free to write in to the Newsletter and say what is on even if you differ from our Editorial point of view his mind, Your point of view may be better and our readers may be glad to have a different way of looking at somethin�. �- 9 FEDERAL GOVT. SEEKS TO END TIES ;ITH ·� �c_.:i.s On September 5, 1967 Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall announced that a proposed bill tp end Federal supervision over the Seneca Nation of Indians of New York had been sent to Congress. This was said to be in keeping wmth � Congressional directive. Indian Commissioner Robert L. Bennett and other represent&tives from the Bureau of Indian Affairs have held several @eetin�s with the Senecas to discuss the proble�s. In a resolution passed by the Seneca Tribal Council it was stated that the' majority of the Senecas q:•e .�'opposed to altering the relationship which now exists between the Federal Governu1ent and the Seneca Nation and specifically (the tribe) is opposed to any forw of , termination.· · Legislation passed in August 196 4 awarded the Senecas $15 Qillion for relocation and. rehabilitation after one-third of their Allegany It pro­ Reservation had been taken for the Kinzua Da-1 Reservoir. vided for services by the BIA and other Federal agencies in effecting rehabilitation. But it also required that a plan for the complete withdrawal of Federal supervision over the property and affairs of the Seneca Nation and its meubers be submitted to the Congress by August 31, 1967. The proposed bill provides that statuees of the Uhited 'tc.tes which ap�ly to Indians because of their status as Indians shall cease to apply·to the Senecas on a date to be determined. fhis would free the Seneca Tation of Federal control over the use and disposition of its pro�erty and allow the Indi&ns to use or dispose of their lands, subject only to state laws. The draft legislation would go into effect only if ap1roved by a majority of Seneca eligible voters. Next month the Newsletter will print Llore about the (Ed. note: Senecas, explain what will happen to the $15 million and will include an Bditorial collllent.) ll • • • • • • • • • • • POP. CORN Ue have all hear the story of how the Indiuns showed the Pilgrims how to grow corn, and brought them turkeys, puwpkins, and the "magic" pop coru they had never seen. And r1hen they were sick and starving, the Indians fed them. They did the same for the Jamesto�n settlers, Captqin John Smith's group, and many other early adventurers. The fact is, the Indians had many wonderful food products, unknown to the rest of the world. And of these they gave freely, and with open hearts, to those strhnge people with pale skins, who had come from over the sea. (Cont'd on p. 10) �- 10 (Pop Corn, Cont 1d. fro.. t p. 9) Columbus took home the first chocolate ialter Raleigh went home with tobacco becalile the chief crop of Ireland. Scores cranberries brought Euroreans their first Europe had ever seen. and the potuto, r1hich soon of ships loaded 1.dth S ir nQtive Alilerican fruit. returned to Europe with Indian's sweet corn, squash, tolliatoes, green beans, lima beans, peppers, peanuts, rhubarb. In f&ct the Indians gave the world about 30 different fruits and vegetable s which were unknown in so-called "civilized ii lands. . . . Others (From the RED CLOlJD Fine Ridge, South Dakota.) * * IIIDIAN SCHOOL, * * * * * * * * * (Ed. note: The following is the final installfilent of the article taken from RAf.'1P11....."qTS , tiarch 1967.) '• The American Indians, victims of one of the r:10st brutal colonial wars in modern history and many of them living today on reservations in total colonial subjugation, face cultural and �conoDic problems of a similar order. Political problems, owinc; to the Indians' condition as a fragmented minority, are quite different, although it is :;,,Jossible tho.t tlrn widely scattered trioes might one day join in common political action. It has been propos.ed that t e governuent, national" treaties wi'th most Indian nations, aid11 uhich concluded "inter­ should dispense to the victims of our colonial expansion. this perpetuate the Indians' but it begs the central ?- 11fore gn But not only rrnuld dependency on the white government, question of reservation control. All the Indians are asking is total control of all the lands g�anted to the1tl by trea.ty. t"Ji th f'e'Wexceptions, this is precisely v1hat the federal and state governments are refusing to do. The Passamaquoddys are deterr.1ined not to disap::_)ear as a tribe. They did not fight the American Revolution to integrute into the white man's world; as others did, on the contrary. separately if they so chose, tyranny of a unitary subjects. They fought the. Revolution, for the freedom to iliive and worship and do business, by themselves, not to s�bmit to the state of which they would be second-class All the Passa�aquoddys want is t�e chance to get the w�ite man off their backs - for once and for all. it be·�ossible to have genuine coexistence, desired, on an equal footing. still perhaps Elementary, Only then will �nd_integration, one rrnuld think, if but too difficult for the more simpler.1inded civil rights advocates to understand. DID YOU KNOW THAT the sand, women of the Narragansett and Penobscot tribes dug deep pits in lined them with hot stones, and seaweed, filled them with shellfish and invented the clambake? much the same way, They baked dried beans ill;.<. ; somet-imes leaving them buried in the ground for several days to buble gently with maple sugar. long and slow cooking, After such the beans came from the oven nutty and .. rich and lightly glazed with fragrant sugar syrup. (From The Art Of American Indian Cooking.) . · / ;: , " �� , � ;lr,1,.., -.'f ·i 3...,;r-1'..r;';-. . �) (£..· -1��, · �0-!) CURTIS EYES FEDERAL AID TO ASSIST INDIAN PROILEM AUGUSTA (AP) - Gov. Curt is me t with gover�10rr: ot :!air,'"' s th:cc.e Indi.�r. reservat ions Tuesday , heard a repor t by a spe c ial s tudy commlttee and asked for spe c i f i c aid projec t s to be l i s ted so that federal he lp can be sough t . The needs o f the re servat ions are many , Cur t is said , but there are federal and state agencie s and programs capable of helping to mee t tho se needs. The mee t ing was held to discuss a report filed by a commi t tee headed by Clyde E. Bar t l e t t , who is now r e t ir ing as dire ctor of the Maine Office of Economic Oppor tuni ty. The five -man t ask force named by Cur t i s in March repor ted that the need s are gr eat in s ix areas. The areas are sani tation. facili t i e s , hous ing , community or tribal hal l s , road wor k , scho o l s and employ• ment. A bond i s sue before the vo ters September 1 2 th would provide funds for water and sewerage on the reservat ions . Because the Indians on re servat ions do not own proper ty individually , i t was sugge s ted that hous ing authori t i e s be created so that the U. s . Hous ing A s s i s tance Administrat ion could provide housing developmen t s which would r e quire contributions only for maintenanc e. Each of the three e l ementary schoo l s on the re servat ions should have an extra room , the commi t tee said. I t re commended that ways be found to encourage the Ind ian children to at tend high school , which they wou ld have to do in nearby towns . The Penob scot re servat ion on Indian Island in Old Town has 26 . 7 per cent of its s cho ol age children enrol led in se condary scho o l s , somewhat below the statewide average of 33 . 4 per cent . However, the Pas samaquoddy reservat ion at ( Indian Township in Princ e t on) has only 1 2.1 per cent of i ts chi ldren in high s chool and the Pleasant Point reserva t ion ( in Perry ) has 1 7.6 per cent . The task force re commended that funds be sought from the Neighborhood Facilit ies Gran t program of the-U . s. Hous ing and Urban Developmen t Agency for recreation facili tie s. Neighborhood Youth Corps should be formed to build recreat ion areas with the federal government to supply e quipment , i t said. Curt is s aid the S t a t e Highway Commi ssion could be asked for help with road problems . Unemployment on the Penobscot r e servation was found to be above the statewide average , at about e ight per cent of per sons available for work . But i t was considerab ly higher than.that on the two Passamaquoddy reserva t ions. The task force noted , however , that those re serva tions are in tJashington Coun ty , which has the highes t unemploymen t rate in the s t ate for non-Indians as we l l a s Indians. (From the Bangor Dai ly News , 8 / 2 3/ 6 7 ) · "OU TSIDERS" AWAKEN MAINE IND IANS by Jo Ann Levine S taff wri ter of The Chr ist ian Sc ience Moni tor Most long-t ime r e s ident s of the commun i t ies near the Passamaquoddy Indian Reservat ions in Maine feel that "outsiders'' have needle s sly s t irred up the tr ibe . In the last of three ar t icle s on the Passamaquoddies , a corre spondent of The Chr i s t ian Sc ience �..oni t or descr ibes the role of some of these " outsider s " and the reac tions to their presence. ( The f i r s t ar ticle i n t h e ser ie s , ''R i s ing Expectations S t ir Ind ians of Maine , " was reprinted in the June Newsle t ter ; the . second , " Maine Indians Find a Vo ice , " appeared in the July News le t ter. - Ed . ) PERRY, MAINE • ''Why , I ' ve never seen the Indians so st irred up!" " I'll tell you , i t ' s the ' outside agi ta tors who are causing all the trouble . " To those wistful people who remember the Passamaquodd ies as always be ing "so peaceful and so appreciative , " the "outside agitators" are: (Continued on· Page 1 2 ) �c 2) "OUTSIDERS" AWAKEN (Cont inued from Pace 11) • - • • • "A cer tain young lawyer who has come to town . " " Tho s e draf t-dodging VISTA boys . " The new director o f the Communi ty Ac tion Program . Newspaper repor ters and magaz ine wr i ters . Don C . Ge l ler s , a Columbia Law School graduate , moved to Eas tpor t about f ive year s ago and , shor t ly af t er , became involved in working on a land case again s t Mas s achu s e t t s and Maine , whi ch , i f won , wou ld help rect ify the land l o s s e s of the Pas samaquoddy Ind ians . It is b e l ieved that Mr. Ge l lers wi l l try the case in Ma s s achuse t ts in the near future. In 1 794 the Pas samaquodd ies made a tr eat;ywi th Mas s achuse t t s which said they wou ld s top roaming over the s tate and confine themse lve s to 1 7 i s lands , 1 0 0 acre s of land at Pleasan t Point , and a township nor th of what now i s Pr inceton . When Maine b ecame a s tate in 1820 , Ma s sachuse t t s allot ted 395 , 000 additional acr e s to the Indians , bu t Maine then_sold the land to other s . Now only 1 7 , 000 acre s remain at Indian Township and 100 acres at Pleasant Poin t . Mr. Ge l lers is be ing paid by the Indian Rights As sociation in Phi lade lphia , s ince the State of Maine refused to al low h i s fee to be paid out of the Indians ' tru s t fund . The fund now holds about $ 70 , 000 , although $ 1 0 , 000 a year i s added to i t i n r e turn for s tumpage removed from Indian land . Mr. G e l l er s , who has b ecome almost to tal ly involved in the prob lems of the Maine Indians , i s a cont�over s ial f igure both on and o f f the re servat ions . Some say h i s " fore ign ways" don 't 11set" we l l wi th Maine people . Joe Mitche l l , Governor o f the Pleasant Point Reserva t ion , says : "Ge l ler s was hired to work on the land case . Ins tead of that , he come s up here and medd le s in everything that goes on . My job i s to keep peace on the r e s ervation . I wasn ' t e le c t ed to s t ir up any kind of t roub le . " I t i s Mr. Mit che l l ' s contention that Mr. G e l l er s was elected as tribal a t t orney by a former governor and counci l and that this i s no t binding on the pre sent governor and counc i l . John S t evens , Governor o f the Ind ian Township Re serva t ion , doe s no t agree . " Through Don ' s help , I know my way around bet ter and I know how tp defend myse l f . If i t weren ' t for Don, I would have been gone long ago . " Any Ind ian who i s ant i-Ge l ler s receive s approval from mos t s tate officials and l ocal townspeople. " He put s words in the ir mouths , " was heard over and over from tho se who felt the Ind ians wou ld no t be complaining i f it weren ' t for Mi:'. Gel ler s . " That s ays a l o t about the local a t t itude toward Indians , " says Mr . Ge l ler s . Four VISTA (Volunteer s in Service to America) worker s have served on the The The ,Indians have asked for eight more . r e s erva tions in the past year · . fir s t year ( 1966-6 7) wa s a " learning year" for VISTA , f or the tribe s , and for the vo lunteer s who s erved as ''f ir s t s" in the s tate . Two o f the four vo lunteer s to the Pas samaquoddy reservat ions left before serving a ful l year. When one volunteer was t rans ferred from Pleasant Point to Pet er Dana Point by the VISTA regional office in New Yor k , the Indians sent around a p e t i t ion pro t e s t ing the move . He s taye d . B o t h volunt eers at Pleasant Point happened t o be consc ient ious ob j ec tor s , �e State Indian Agent called them and at t ime s they l e t the ir beards ·grow . "dr a f t dodger s , " and the beard s were looked upon with suspicion by resident s of surrounding small to�ms . ·The two VISTA worker s at Pleasant Po int have been tu tor ing pr es chool-age Both que s t ion j u s t how good an educat ion the Indian children are chi ldr en . (Cont inued on Page 1 3)· �(13) "OUTS IDERS" AWAKEN (Cont inued from Page l?.) • • • • getting . Only·one Indian from Pleasant Po int graduated from high s choo l last year . Recen t ly , the Indians won what they cons ider to be a maj or battle with the state . They pro t e s t ed loudly when the po s s ibi l i ty arose that the ir scho o l s might be closed becaus e they were "rac ial ly imbalanced . " John Stevens said , "As if we were really d i s criminating against the white people . " Af ter an on-s ite inspe c t ion and study , the United S tate s Off ice of Education dec ided that the scho o l s did no t violate federal desegrega tion laws , that the chi ldren from nearby communities ar e e l ig ib l e to attend the scho o l s should they choose t o do s o . A f e w Indian children i n grade s one through e ight do at tend s choo l off the reservati on . Roman Cathol i c nuns teach in Two nun s teach grades one through the pub l i c schoo l s on the two r e s ervations . e ight-at Peter Dana Point , and thre e teach the same grade s at Pleasant Point. The only church on bo th reservations is a Catho l i c chur ch . Michael Soon another bearded "outs ider " will be seen on the r e s ervations . Raskin was s e l ected by the Indian s as director of the new Pas samaquoddy Communi ty Act ion Program . The Tr ibe was granted $ 23 , 000 in an tipoverty funds as of las t January . Mr. Raskin is in his ear ly 20 ' s , wear s a long beard , and also happen s to be a con s c ient ious ob j e ctor . One Indian remarked : "We don ' t think much of C . O . ' s be cause all our boys have been in service . " In the mee t ing which se lec ted Mr . Raskin over ano ther appl ican t , his app lication was strongly suppor ted by Mr . Gel ler s . The lawyer says Mr. Raskin is a topnotch communi ty organizer - " j us t what the se re servations need . " But indications ar e that the Passamaquodd ies are beginning to deve lop their own opin ions about what they need. And perhaps the " outs ide agi tators" have only released an unr e s t and a longing to go back to making the ir own decision s . Said John S tevens , "You can be sure if we knew then what we know now , we would never have l e t Chris topher Columbus into the coun try . " From (La s t o f three articles on the Pas samaquoddy Indians in Maine . The Chr ist ian S cience Monitor , 6 / 1 / 6 7) MAINE INDIAN GOVERNORS TO VISIT SENECAS Maine ' s three Indian governors wi l l leave September 1, by airplane for Salamanca� N . Y . , to inspect the Seneca Indian Reservation . They wi l l be ac­ companied by (former) Maine OEO Director C lyde Bartlett and Maine Manpower Coord inator James S choen thaler , both of whom have been serving an Indian Commun i ty Ass i s tance Commi t tee . The commi t te e recently submi t ted a r epor t to Governor Cur t i s ( s e e s tory on Page 1 1 ) who me t with the Indian s to discuss pr ior i t ie s on state -suppor ted pro j e c ts and means of mee t ing the mos t pre s s ing prob lems of the r eservat ions . The three governor s who wi l l be making the trip are John M. Mitche l l , Sr . , governor , ( Penob s co t Reserva t ion at) Indian I s land ; John S tevens, governor , ( Ind ian Township Reservation) ; and Joseph Mitche l l , governor , Pleasant Point (Reservat ion) . The trip to the Seneca Ind ian Re servation was propo sed by the Indian Commun i ty Ass istance Commi t tee which had as one of i t s member s Sidney Carney , Carney , a Speciali s t on Indian Affair s , u. s. Depar tmen t of the In ter ior . Choc taw Indian , is special l iason r epresentative wi th the Seneca Ind ian s . He he lped the t r ib e p lan a re loca t ion program , deve lop communi ty housing and e s tab l i s h an industrial park . Both he and the reservation received national recogn i t ion by the Depar tmen t of the In ter ior for the work. The Maine Governors (Continued on Page 14) �( 14 ) MA INE I NDIA N GOVERNORS • • ·• • (Con t inued from Page 1 3 ) wi l l s e e what aspec t s o f the Seneca developme nt program might b e app l i cab le to Maine and will talk with the director s of the var ious pro j ec t s . (From the Kennebe c Journa l , 8 / 3 1 / 6 7) IND IAN AGENT ' � D ISMISSAL UPHELD BY PERSONNEL BOARD (AP} - The S tate Personne l Board Friday uphe ld the act ion of the Indian affair s commi s s ioner in dismi s s ing Arno ld Davis as Indian Agen t of the Pas sa­ maquoddy Tr ibe . The una�imous decis ion sus tained Commi s s ioner Edward c . Hinckley in dis­ chargin g Davis on grounds of insubordinat ion . The board d id not e laborate on its � inding . The decision was based on a pub lic hear ing re que s ted by Davis and he ld in Augu s ta July 1 2 . 1 Hinckle y told the board that Davis disobeyed his orders concerning engaging in con trover sy and making pub l ic statement s concerning cer tain affair s involving the tribe and the Indian Affair s Depar tmen t . Davis f ir s t made a b lanke t denial but later conceded '�par tial truth" . in one of the s ix poin t s of the dismi s sal l e t ter and "a germ of truth" in ano ther , D�vis , 58 , has been in federal and s t a te pub lic service 22 year s . He has a legal r ight to appeal from the board ' s decis ion to the Super ior Court if he choos e s to do so . (Fro� the Kennebe c Journa l , 8/ 12/ 6 7 ) ' · PASSAMAQUODDY RESERVATION CHAPLAINS REA SSIGNED PORTLAND (AP) - The Ca tho lic Diocese in Por t land Thursday announced the E f fe c t ive Augus t 28 th : Rev . Pau l U . Pare , fo l lowing clergy appointments Chap lain of Sain t Ann ' s , Pleasant Point , Perry , to pastor - ; Saint Mary ' s Par i s h , Eagle Lake . Rev . Bernard Nicknair , a s s i s tant at Saint Andre ' s Par i s h , Bidd eford , to Chaplain at Saint Ann ' s Par i sh , Pleasan t Poin t , Perry Rev . Maurice H . Leme lin , Chap lain at Saint Ann ' s Parish in Pe ter Dana Rev . Coleman Poin t , Pr ince ton , to as s is tan t at Sain t Theresa ' s Par ish , Mexico O ' Toole , a s s i s tan t . at Saint Andre ' s Par i sh , Biddeford , to Chap lain at Sain t Ann ' s Par ish in Peter Dana Poin t , Pr inceton Fa ther Pare has been Chap lain at (From the Kennebec Journa l , 9/ 1 /6 7 . Pleasant Point s ince 1959 ; Fa ther Lemelin has b e e n Chaplain at Pe ter Dana Point s ince 196 1 . - Ed . ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · W HITE PATERNALISM DENOUNCED IN CANADA OTTAWA { Special ) - Canada ' s 2 20 , 000 Indians should be al lowed to manage the ir own a ffairs in their own way , members of a l l par ties said in the Commons Whi te paterna l i sm and pre j udice were denounced by many members las t week . of par l iamen t . They proposed that Ind ians b e given ful l con trol over the ir re serves , The se move s would reduce the ir we l fare service s and their po lice pro t e c t ion . cultur a l con f l i c t s and r e s tore Ind ian s e l f-confidence , speakers asser ted . " The Ind ians are. taugh t from the �radle to hate us , " Jack Bigg said . " The whi te man rams his way of life down the ir throa t s and ignores their his ­ I again t or ice treaty r ights involving land , mining , hun t ing and fi shing . beg that the Indian claims commi s s ion , promised for 50 year s , be brought into " be ing The House passed t he Indian Affair s budget for $ 2 28, 583 , 720 . (From the Navajo Time s , · 8 / 10 / 6 7 ) • • • • • �(15 ) ROOSEVELT UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIP UNU SED For the past two ye ar s, a $21 000 renewable scho larship in busine s s adnin­ i stration for .American Indians at Roo sevelt University in Chicago h as gone un­ used . Under a generous grant from the Edward A. Filene Good Will Fund, Inc . , each fellowship provi des a full tuit� o n award plus _ a modest stipend which may Supplemental financial aid may be granted, amount to $2; 000 per academic ye ar . i f necessary, to augment the fellowship . This s cholarship was e stabl ished to seek out talented .Ameri c an Indians and to encourage them to enter Ame ric an busine ss fi e ld s by t raining them in It i s available to quali fi e d appli cant s who are the skills of management . Appli cations must be filed between De c emb er 15 and March high s chool graduate s . Requir em ent s, as applicable, are as follows : 15 for the fo llowing ye ar . 1. Report of College Entranc e Examinati o n Board Te st s ( SAT ) , Ame rican College Testing Progr.am Test s ( ACT) or th e Roosevelt University Entranc e Examin­ ation . Every applic ant wi ll be required to take Roos evelt University ' s English U ac cept ed on the basi s o f" '·safudarcli z ed t e st sco res , and if Placement Test . he live s beyona::t 5Ufille r..adiu5-0.f C!tba�1�test will be adn ini stered later . 2. Applic ation for admi ssio n . 3 . High s c hool o r college transcript . 4. Reconnn endation from at l east two of appl i c ant ' s instructo r s . 5 . Parent Confidential Statement from College Scholarship · Servi c e must b e filed i f appli c ant i s under 23 ye ars of age. All inqu irie s may b e directed to : Mr . Robert L. Franklin, Director of Student Aid, Roo sev elt University, 430 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinoi s 60605 . ( From the Navajo Time s , 8/24/67 ) . NEIGHBORHOOD YOU TH CORPS TACKLES CLEAN-UP PROJEC TS On an i sland in the Penobscot River arrl on an island in Portland Harbor , young men in the Maine Neighborhoo d Youth Corps have b e e n busy th i s summ er , along "'1.th hundr ed s of other N . Y . C . memb er s , on pro j ect s that will add to th ei r communities and to th e beauty of Maine . One of the proj ect s is lo cated on Indi an Island, at Old Town, a Penob scct Indian Reservation, and the boys have - been \\O rking te aring do wn old houf e s , cleaning and painti ng the tribal hall, a nd i.mproving · the recreation program on t he i sl and • • • • The pro j e ct on Indian Island was suggest ed by Maine OEO Diredtor Clyde Bartlett during a tour of the re servation by the Indian Community As si stance ' Commi t tee which was named by the Governo r . With the coo peration of Richard w. Redmond, Maine Director of the N .Y . C · � · · • N . Y . c . spots were as s igned to Indi an Island . Under the di rection of Richard LaPoint, Old Town NYC Directo r, and with the assi stanc e of the VISTA Volunt eers who have been as signed to the re servation, the ;Indian boys have been world.ng on ' a variety of_ pro e ct s t hat will S� of t� _smaller houses have not been lived in for some time ani ar s t at e of extreme disrepai r . Working as a crew with crowbars and hammer s, th e boys put i n p art of the summer 12 ' -· on this removal work. The Peno bacot Indians who live on the i sl and hold meetings in a wooden The N . Y . C . has worked on painting the hall ins i de and out as well tribal h all . as on the construction of tabl es, using equipment in the industrial arts depart­ ment or the Old Town schoo l s . Th e wo rk of t h e N . Y . C . on the i sland th i s summe r i s a s tep toward encoura­ ging the fo nnation of a Conmunity A ction group on the i sland. been done by the Pas samaquoddy Indian s in Washington County. ( Continued o n Page 16 ) Thi s has already An i sland Community �(16 ) NEIGHBORHOOD YOUTH ( Continued from Page 15 ) • • • • Action Pro gram v.o uld enable the tribe to write and seek support for its own propo sals to improve the is land • • • • (From Maine GEO News, August , 1967 . A pi cture appeared in the s ame i ssue , showing Legi slative Repres entative John Nel son, Mr. la.Point , Martin Neptune, VISTA Volunteer James O ' Donnell, Richard Nicola, Jame s Neptune, Kenneth Paul and Steve Paul . - Ed. ) INDIAN C HURCH MARKS 300 YEARS by Charles Spencer ( Continued from July i ssue ) In 1703 the Penob scot Mission was transferred to the care of the Jesuit s, and in 1722 Father Etienne Lauvegal, S . J . , witne ssed the burning of his church by a band of Massachus ett s Puritans . Earlier Father Rasl e ' s church on the Kennebec was destroyed by the British Captain Wilton and again sacke d by Captain We stbrooke in 1722 . Two years later Father Rasle was murdered when he tried to hold back the British soldiers under the command of Captains Warmon and Mounton. When the Indians abandoned the Kennebec mi ssion and fled to the mi ssion on th e Penob scot they c arried wi th them the iro n cro ss that marked the g rave of Father Rasle . ,This sacred rel i c has been pr eserved by the Penobsco t Indians for well over 200 years and is now d i splayed along with a plaque in memory of Father Rasle on the church edifi c e . The foundation is all that remains of the original church . Although no one i s exactly sure of wh en and how many times the church edifi ce has b een des­ troyed over the past 300 ye ars , In:i ian Island hi storians believe that th e church was destroyed seven ti.mes . The present edifi ce was erected under the pastorate of Father Virgil Wallac e Barber, S . J . , in the 1820 ' s . , In 1878 four Sis ters of' Mercy c ame to Old Town Indi an Island to teach the Indi an children . One early newsp aper acco unt said, "The Sisters found the Indian children susceptible of culture . They quickly learn Engli sh, th ey read well, writ e neatly and readily c onquer the difficultie s of mathemati c s . " In th e eighteenth c entury Joseph Paul Orson, a Pe nob scot Indian, painted the Crucifixion on canvas with paints made from berries and an animal ' s tail for a brus h . This pric eless painting now hangs in the sanctuary of the church . Another intere sting legend hand ed down from generation to generation con­ cerns the f ir st bell us ed in the chapel . Thi s bell is reported to be the old­ e st b ell brought from Franc e to New England . To s ave it from dest�uction at ' the hands of the Briti sh, the Indians r emoved the b ell from the ch6pel belfry and burie d it somewhere on Old Town Indi an Island Wien a British attack seemed :im­ minent . To t his day no one has fo und the bell . The seco nd old est bell in New Englan d is now hanging in the bell to wer of the present chur ch edi fice. ( The above arti c le , and the first part of it which appeared in the July i s sue of the Newsl etter, appeared in the Penob s cot Ti.me s of July 20th, as part of th e publicity preceding the Penob s co t "Pageant • 67 11 , held on th e 22nd and 23rd of July. - Ed . ) MAINE IN DIAN DAY PROCLAIMED BY GOVERNOR CURTIS After consultation on August 22nd with the three Indian Governors, Governor Kenneth M. Curtis issued a Proclamation calling for Maine Indi an Day to be recognized on Septemb er 21st . It i s und erstood that thi s is the first day of Fall and i s the same day on which In di an Day is proclaime d · in Massachusetts . ( Continued o n Page 17 ) �/ MAINE nm IAN ( Cont inued Th� Pro clsmati o n, DAY from • • • • Page 16 .' signe d by Governor Curt i s , r eau� as follows � PROCLAMATION / State of Maine WHEREAS, the history of the Ameri c an Ini ian embodie s the very his tory of our nati on it s elf upon th e North American Conti nent ; and WHEREAS, the Ameri c an Indi an has made a great co nt ribution to our cotmtry �hrough his achieveme nt s in the fi elds of sport s, folklore, literature, arts and craft s ; and WHEREAS, the high standards and principle s , the patriotism and herit age of the Americ an Indi an have been an inspiration to al l our citizen s ; and WHEREAS, sinc e early time s th e lrx:iians of Mai n e have played a significant ro l e in the development of our region as a Provinc e , District and State ; and WHE REAS, Maine Indi an Trib es are today, a s in the past , an integral part of the life of our State and rerrl er many unique contributions to it s development- ; NOW, THE REFORE, I, Kenneth M. · Curtis , hereby proclaim Sept emb er 21, 1967, as Governor of the State of Maine, do MAINE IND IAN DAY in the State of Maine , and call upon al l the c itizen s to recogniz e our Indian Tribes and t hei r historic ro le s as Maine p eo ple . * * * * * * * * * * * * IN HIS S PARE TIME , HE FOLLOWS A DIFFERENT BEAT by Nic ho l as A . Danc ing Cl oud , Sams t ag a Wes terly pa tr o lman s ince June , is not conspi cuou s ly gracefu l as he s tands on Broad S tree t direc t ing tr affic at the end of a heavy b each day , but then he ' s no t paid to be . In h i s spare t ime , however , as Byron O . Brown of Bradford , the Narragans e t t Indian rookie , bet ter kno�'1Il is a profe s s ional per former o f Indian dance s . He has won compe t i t ions and cash pr. i zes at powwows and exhib i t ions throughout the country prac t i c ing a comp lex and incre a s ingly rare ar t . A nat ive of We s t er ly , Mr . Brown s tar ted dancing as a sma l l child , learning the subdued narrative dances of his tr ibe from o lder member s of the s i zab le Narragan se t t co lony in and around nearby Char l e s town . In prof e s s iona l troupe with his wife , and five cou s in s and Pear l (Whi t e B irch) , 1960 , he formed a in- laws . For eeveral year s the group , cal led the Narragan s e t t Tr ib a l Dancer s , per ­ f ormed l o ca l ly on fe s t ive occas ions and at Chur ch grounds in Ri chmond . the annual powwow at the Narragan s e t t But i t wasn ' t un t i l Mr. Brown re turned thr e e year � ago from a two-year s t in t in the Army that the group r e a l ly s tarted to p ick up s team . Mr . Brown was s tat ioned a t For t S i l l , Oklahoma , i n the hear t o f the o l d Coman che and Kiowa t err i torie s . dai ly, even t s , There , powwows and r odeos are week l y , if no t and Indian dancing compe t i t ion s are taken ser iou s ly . The s ty l e o f danc ing , however , i s dif feren t . Accord ing t o Mr . Brown , the empha s i s in We s t ern danc ing is on act ion and s p e c t ac le - t he beau ty and comp lex ­ ity of the regalia , without mi s s ing a the ab i l i ty to perform d i f fi cu l t s teps to in tricate rhy thm3 beat or d i s turbing even one fe ather of The Narragan s e t t s , however , the co s tume . in common with mo s t Eas tern tribe s , a f o rm o f dan c ing t h a t i s more narrat ive i n inten t . The dancer s , s imp l y , wi l l perform a pagean t o f hun t ing o r search w i t h e laborate , pra c t i c e dre s s e d s ty l ized ges ture s , while a s t ory i s r e c i ted to comp lement the low-key per f orman ce . (Con t inued or. Page 18) �( 18 ) I N HIS S PARE TIME • • • ( Con t inued from Page res As Nr . � c t ive ly , • 18) Brown d e s cr ibes them, t h e Eastern and We s tern dancing s tyles have , sub t l e ty and co lor to recommend them . Bu t color , it seems , �· what the pub l i c prefers , and Mr . Brown and his Tr ibal Dancer s began to make . a name for thems e lve s only when he in trodu ced the Wes tern dances into the ir reper toir e a f ter his re turn from the servi ce . Ad apt ing to the We s t ern s tyle wasn ' t easy . a comp l e te fool of my se l f , " Mr . Brown recal l s . everythi ng backward s . " " The f ir s t few times I made "I was fa l ling down , doing But at Anadarko , Okla . , a center of Indian ac t ivi t ie s , Mr. Brown me t and b e fr iended George s. Watche taker , one of the great Comanche war dancing ch8D]l>ions . Bef e long , Mr . Watche taker had coached the eager convert from the East to • the ,J?Oint where he was supplemen t ing his Army pay by dancing adver t i s ement s!lfor the var ious exhib i t ion s . And in the Ameri can Indian Expos i t ion of Ju ly , 1963, at _t\padarko , Dan c ing Cloud o f the Narragan se t t s p l aced nin th i n a fancy dancri.ng comP'e t i t ion that drew 1 2 5 en tran t s , mo s t o f them Wes terners • • • • • (From the Providence Sunday Journal , Providence , R . I . , Sub t t ed b y a r e adet' . ) 8/ 20/67 . FACTS AND FANCY by Edgar F . Cousins With our Penob sco t Indian Pageant now in the background , e s t ing to review so�e o f the highl igh t s . i t might be inter­ Many favor ab le commen ts have been heard , e spec ia l ly regarding the h i s torical s ide , br inging back memor ies of even t s and per sona l i t ie s . From my own s tandpoin t , I wi l l never forget Lou i s Socka lex i s , and a vis i t to h i s graves tone always make s me marve l at h i s reputat ion with the Cleve land Ind ian s , where to thi s day this league team bear s the name of " Indian s . " It was m y good f or tune to be pre s ent a t an O l d Town Hi gh S chool baseba l l game in 1'1 3 when Lou i s ump ired . _ I talked with him after the game and he reme �red the o l d d iamond in Thoma s ton where a water -f i l led quarry in center f ie ld made a rul ing of two b a s e s nece s s ary . and had even seen one of He said he had p layed in tha t cen ter f ie ld the p layers take a ducking . On his way up to t he big league s , Lou i s at tended Ricker C lass ical In s ti tute a t Hou l ton and Holy Cro s s Co l lege at Worce� ter befor e going to Cleve land , wher e , w i t h h i s l e f t swing , h e could h i t the b a l l as f ar as Babe Ruth , run fas ter than Ty Cobb , and d i s p layed the out s tanding ski l l of Tr i s Speaker in the out field . Hi s home run o f f the f i r s t p i t ch of the f ire-bal l king , Amos Rus i e , a t he ew York Po lo Ground s , tf i s s t i l l remembered and has been placed in history ·me alon� w i t h the purchase o f Manhat tan I s land from the Ind ians , according to spor t s wr i t er s . Hi s local renown i s bui l t on t he feat o f throwing a b a l l from Ind i� I s l and Landin g to the Old Town Land ing , a c cura t e ly hit ting the exac t spot . many t ime s . (From the Penob s c o t Time s , 8/3/67) BUFFY SAINTE-MARIE RELEASES N EW RECORD Cree Ind ian fo lk-s inger Bu ffy Sainte-Marie has j u s t re leased a new record , e n t i t le d Fire & F le e t & Cand l e l ight (Vanguard ) . "Her voice has a s trong cu t t ing e dg e , up and her vibrato , as one cr t i c wro te , t h e l i s t ener ' s s pine . ' C �rou s e l ' emerg e s wi th an eer ine s s Her orig inal songs - �uch as in thi s album - create the ir own inner lands cape . That i s , are l ike dreams . l ike conver s a t ion s , about them . ' " i n t h a t what they meani and As she says , t hey have the spontane i ty of dreams , (From Cosmopo l i t an , Oct ober ' tha t crawls ' Summer Boy ' ' The ' they and are a b i t i s u sual ly t h e leas t importan t thing 1967) �(19 ) MAij BOUND OVER IN ASSAULT CASE CALAIS - S ix ty- thre e-ye ar - o ld Murray P. Emery of Eas tpor t - b e ing he ld on a charge of " a s sau l t with in ten t to kill" Deputy Sher iff George Mi tche l l of Calais - waived pre l iminary hear ing i n D i s tr i c t Cour t here Monday af ternoon be fore Judge John M. Dud ley and was bound over to the Oc tober term of Super ior Cour t on $ 5 , 000 bai l with two sure ties af ter probab le cause was found again s t him . He was a l s o held on $ 300 bail in cash or sure ties on a charge of opera­ t ing under the in fluence of intoxicat ing l i quor Sunday at Eas tpor t . The case was con t inued to September 26 for hear ing . Spec ial Inves't igator David C lemons of Machias repor ted tha t Emery i s be ing he ld a t the coun ty j a i l i n Machias o n the tw o charge s . Emery reportedly was operat ing a p ickup truck a t about l a . m. Sunday morn­ ing at the north end of Eas tpor t when he and his wife were s t opped by Trooper Ar lo E . Lund . It was decided that Depu ty Sheriff Sidney Bridge s , who was with Lund , should dr ive Emery and hi s wi fe to the ir Deep Cove home in the pick­ up truck. Arr iving at the home , Bridge s re turned to the police cruiser and the Emerys wen t ins ide the ir home . Depu ty Sher i f f George Mi tche l l and Con s t able Robert Newe l l , who wer e awaiting Lund and Br idges for a coffee s top before c a l l ing i t a night , had dr iven in to the Emery driveway behind the police cru i s er . At this poin t , Emery was said to have re appeared on the porch of h i s home with a 32 cal . r i f le . He repor tedly f ired four or f ive time s over the top of the Lund vehi c l e . 1Wo sho t s shat tered the dr iver ' s s ide o f Mi t che l l ' s cruiser ' s windshie ld . Mi tche l l , who was s i t t ing behind the wheel with only the parking ligh t s on , but b acking the car out o f the dr iveway , was hit in the shou lder by one o f the s lug s . The o ther s lug embedded i t s e l f over the top o f the rear seat behind the depu ty . Newe l l , according to po lice , dragged the wounded deputy to the Deep Cove Road and out of the l ine of fire . He was later picked up by_ ambu lance and Later , Sunday , be was taken to the Eas tern rushed to the Eas tport Hosp i t a l . Hospital Maine General Hospi tal in Bangor , wher e he underwen t surgery . officials de s cr ibed Mi tche l l as b e ing in good cond ition and r e s t ing comfor tab ly Monday nigh t . As a r e su l t of Trooper Lund cal l ing for as s i s tance , dozens of po l icemen , ward ens and deputy sher i f f s converged on the area , seal ing the roads o f f at a l l poin t s . Emery depo s i t ed the r i f le in s ide his hou se and fled in to ne6rby woods and surrendered at 4 : 45 a . m . to po lice who wer e s tat ioned a few hundred fee t up t he Cove Road toward Rou te 190 . Deputy Mi tche l l i s a member of (From the Bangor Daily News , 9 / 1 2 / 6 7 . the Penobscot Tr ibe and brother to Penob scot Governor John Mi tche l l . Since mid-Ju ly he has been working under contract for the Depar tment o f Ind ian Affair s , as s i s t ing Pleasant Point Tribal Cons tab le Rober t Newe l l and Indian Town ship Tr ibal Con s table Eugene S t evens in the ir work and by deve loping training oppor tun i t i e s for the tribal con s t abl e s . Hi s j ob a l s o invo lve s recommend ing to Ind ian Commi s sioner Hinckley ways in whi ch the tribal con s t ab l e s may be bet ter e qu ipped and admini s tered , working with the Pas samaquoddy Tr iba l Counc i l s to increase law-and-order program e f f e c t ivene s s , and deve loping close r e l a t ions A retiree af ter 20 year s wi h other s tate and county law enfor cement agen c ies . Air For ce duty , mo s t of Mr . Mi tche l l ' s mi l i tary training and exper ience was in mi l i tary po l ic e work , training and admin i s trat ion and l iason . - His wife and two daughters have been l iving in calais with him s ince July . - Ed . ) DID . YOU KNOW THAT from 1 789 to 1849 , national Ind ian Affair s were admini s tered by the War Depar tmen t be fore being trans ferred to the Dep t . of the In ter i or by an Ac t of Congr e s s ? �( 20) IND IAN AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT RECRUITING EMPLOYEE The Maine S tate Depar tmen t of Ind ian Af fair s i s recruiting an agent for i t s Calais office , to work with the Pleasan t Point and Indian Township Pas samaquoddy Tr ibe s . F o l l owing is the o f f icial S tate examinat ion announcement for thi s po s i t ion . Per sons in ter e s ted in app lying for this p o s i t ion or ob taining more· informat ion about it ar e urged to con tac t e i ther the S tate Depar tment of Per sonnel or the State Depar tment o f Ind ian Affair s in Augu s ta . App l ications wi l l be accepted un t i l Nov­ ember 14 , 1 96 7 . " CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN MAINE STATE SERVICE- ·AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER Maine State Depar tment of Per sonne l Augu s t a ; Maine 04330 Bul le t in #1883 Date I s sued : Sept . 14 , 1 9 6 7 Date Clos ing : Novemb er 14 , 1 9 6 7 ANNOUNCEMENT OF EXAMINATIONS T O E S TABLISH ELIGIB ILI'IY FOR INDIAN DEVELOPMENT S PECIALIST $ 109 . 00 - 1 14 . 50- 1 20 . 00-126 . 00- 1 3 2 . 50/wk . KIND OF WORK : Thi s i s complex social and communi ty work in providing a var iety of service s to r e s ident s of the two Passamaquoddy In­ dian Reserva t ions in Washing ton County , Maine . An employee in this class i s r e spons ib le for carrying a general case load with ful l auth­ or i ty for dec i s ion making and author i zat ion of expendi ture of funds ; ini t iating and/ or as s i s t ing in communi ty deve lopment activit i e s ; pro­ vid ing informal coun s e l ing ; providing as s i stance in the management o f var ious s tate and f eder al pro j ec t s ; and a s s i s t ing in municipal managemen t ac t ivi t ie s on the Pleasant Point and Indian Township Pas sa­ maquoddy Re s ervat ions . Work inc lud e s coun s e l ing wi th individual s and group s wi thin the Reservat ion connnuni t ie s , as s i s t ing . the Tr ibal Coun­ c i l s in analyz ing connnun i ty prob lems and in planning appropriate pro ­ grams , author i zing t h e expendi ture o f available S tate funds , and ob ­ taining nece s sary a s s i s tance and cooperat ion from a variety of pub l ic and pr ivate r e sour c e s and agenc ie s . Ab i l i ty to explain Depar tmen tal p o l i c i e s and programs to the service popu lat ion i s e s sent ial . Work is per iodi c a l ly reviewed by a superior and c lo s e supervision is g iven only with re s pe c t to handl ing unusual prob lem s i tuation s . QUALIFICATIONS : Two year s exper ience in social casework , field leve l connnu ni ty deve lopmen t work , or guidance and counse l ing ac tivi t i e s ; and graduat ion from an accredited four-year col lege or univer s i t y . SPECIAL INFORMATION T O CAND IDATES : Ab i l i ty t o dr ive a car and the avai lab i l ity o f a car are e s sen tial . Appl ican t s with bicultural ex­ perience are e specially invited to apply . PURPOSE OF EXAMINATION : To provide an oppor tuni ty for qual i f ied per ­ sons to compe t e for a vacancy with the Depar tment of Indian Affair s . MAINE STATE RESIDENCE REQUIREMENTS ARE WAIVED FOR THIS POSITION. Regis ters w� l l be e s t ab l i shed on an Open Compe t i t ive bas i s and w i l l super sede a l l o ther regis ters f o r t h e c las s . " �( 21 ) * * .,-:- � -r ., , '*" SPECIAL EDITORIAL -;� -r.- .,'} * �- * On September 12th, the voters of Maine were asked to express their opinions on 8 bond i s sues, in a state-wide referendtlD . Although the voter turn out was somewhat heavier than expected , the Asso ciated Pre ss report s that � than 20% of the regi stered voters in Maine went to the poll s . In interesting contrast to this figure are the statisti c s whi ch indicat e that � than 20% of registered Indian vo ters on the thr ee Re servations went to th e poll s . ( 22% of the registered vo ters at Indian Island and Peter Dana Point voted ; 28% o f the regi stered vo ters at Pleasant Point voted . ) The Newsletter feels that th e Indians of Maine are to be cornn ended for their interest in the bond i s sue s and for th eir exercise of the oo st inportant privilege of a deno cracy - the privilege of voting . We hope that Maine ' s Indians will continue t o 1 1 show the white man how to do it . " One of the nost inport ant bond i ssues in the referenduo, and one o f the 3 which were defeated, was Number $ - for 1 1 capital inprovement s , construction, renovations , repairs , equipment and furni shings, 11 in the aoount of $16, 710, 000 . Although thi s amount included requests fo r fund s for very iraportant pro ject s such as fire e scape s for the Central Maine Sanitorimn - it also include::i a wide variety of other pro j ect s - including a $1, 900, 000 physical educ ation building and sw.i.nm.ing pool for the University of Maine l Of obvious interest to the Indi ans of Maine , and to tho s e non-Indians with an intelligent co ncern for thi s state ' s first citizens , were the following fund request s in the defeated bond i s sue : - $3.8; 200 for home r epairs and improvecents on the 3 Re servations ; $19 , 700 for a new cla s sroom addition at Peter Dana Point ' s s choo l ; - $304, 800 state fund s for sewage and water co nstruction pro j ect s on all thr ee Reservat ions . · This last amount, like the $3 50, 000 in bond is sue Ntu!lb er 2 for a mentally retarded c are facility in Bangor - which was approved - would have generated some three-quarters of a Dillion additional F_ederal dollars for th e three Re servations, in natching funds for water and s ewage pro j e ct s, and in the sub­ sequent Federally-assist d housing programs which will not be po s sible without adequate sanit ary facilities . The Newsletter feels that th e voters o f Maine should be g iven a chanc e to evaluate the merit s of the various construction pro j ects individually, and that adequate sanitary facilities should not be lumped with swinming pools for college student s . Too, we feel that pro j ects which will generate Federal spending in the stat e should take priority to pro j ects requiring 100% stat e funds - - certainly they are nore benefi cial t o th e overall economic growth o f Maine . We applaud Governor Curti s for identifying - in hi s connnent s and pre s s releas es following the referendum and the defeat of bond issue # B - the Indian Re servation improvement s as among the most criti cal contained in the defeated bond i s sue. We urge that he do everything po ssible to provide some imme diate way for �he legislature or the voters of this state to provide the pi tif'ully small amount of state funds ne eded to make a substantial dent in the poor health and living co nd itions on the 3 Reservation s . * * * * * * �- * �� * The Newsletter congratulate s and complioents Penob s cot Tribal Governor John Mitchell and h i s Counc il for their appointment of a 5-oan Tribal Housing Authority ( see story on next page ) . The five new housing commis sioners will have a real opportunity to contribute to the well-being of all Penob s cot member s . * * * * * * �(22) PENOB SCOT HOUSING AUTHORITY APPOINTED Ac t ing under power s pr ov ided by emergency leg i s lat ion of the 103rd Leg i s ­ lature , the Penob scot Tribal Governor and Counc i l o n Augus t 1 4 t h appointed f ive tribal member s as commi s s ioner s of the Penob scot Tr ibal Re servat ion Hou s ing Author ity . Appo inted as bcus ing commi s s ioner s for the terms indicated were Ma t thew P . Sappier (5 year s ) , Nicho las G . Dow (4 year s ) , Irving M. Ranco ( 3 year s ) , Mat thew A . Mi tche l l , Sr . ( 2 year s ) and Eugene J . Lor ing , Sr . ( 1 year ) . The f ir s t o f f icial mee t ing of the group is s cheduled for ear ly Oc tober , and a repre sentative of the federal Hous ing As s i s tance Admini s trat ion (U. s. Dep t . of Hous ing and Urban Development ) has been asked to be present to as s i s t in the nece s s ary l egal e le c t ion of officer s , adopt ion of by- laws , e t c . Thi s Oc tober me e t ing wi l l be the fir s t in a long ser ie s of mee t ings and consul tat ion s aimed at even tual ly making pos s ib le federal ly-as s i sted programs des igned to improve hou s ing and sani tation condi tions on the Penob scot Re servat ion . Simi lar hous ing improvement programs are alre ady comp leted or under con s truc t ion on 69 Ind ian re servat ion s in 22 s tates (as of Augu s t 3 1 , 1966) as we l l as in many non-Ind ian commun i t ie s throughout the coun try . Under the Maine Ind ian Hous ing Author i ty Law , . as amended by the 103rd Leg i s l atur e (Chapter 252 , P . L . 1 9 6 7 ) , a tribal hous ing author ity is equipped with the legal power s nece s s ary fer " providing of s afe and sanitary dwe l l ing accomodat ion s and maintaining a who le some l iving environment for per sons of low income wi thin the terri torial boundar ies of the re servat ion for which i t is cr eated . " The Pleasan t Poin t and Indian Town ship Tribal Governors and Counci l s also have the power to appoint triba l hous ing authori t i e s for their reserva t ions , individually , and the New s l e t ter under s t ands that tribal mee t ings are s cheduled for the near future for this purpo se . ( Se e re lated s tory below . ) • • • • RE PORT TO MAINE by Sen Ed Muskie • • Senator Edmund S . Mu skie and Rep . Wi l l iam D . Hathaway , both D-Maine , were advi sed today by the Depar tment of the Inter ior , Federal Water Pol lut ion Con tro l Admini � trat ion , of approval of a $ 19 , 7 10 grant to the S tate of Maine , Depar tment o f Ind ian Affair s , for use by the Pleasant Poin t Reservat ion on Pas samaquoddy Bay in Washing ton Coun ty . The gran t wi l l be used to con s tru ct a secondary treatmen t p lan t , pumping s tat ion , force main and out fa l l sewer for the Re servation located on Pas sama­ quoddy Bay . The approved gran t al locat ion To t a l c o s t of the pro j e c t is $65 , 700 . repre sents 30% of the t o ta l c o s t of the proj e c t . (From the Calais Adve r t i ser , 9 / 7/ 6 7 . ) Acceptance o f the gran t , and cons truc tion o f the sewage treatmen t facil ity , i s dependent upon the avai lab i li ty of addit ion federal monie s from the Farmers Home Admini s trat ion and the Economic Deve lopment Admin i s trat ion , as we l l as on the pr ov i s ion of the s tate ' s share of the total c o s t s for co l lect ion as we l l The s ta t e ' s money was contained i n the recent ly de­ as treatmen t fac i l i t i e s . f eated Number 8 bond is sue ( se e Spec ial Edi torial on Page 2 1 ) and e f for t s are It appear s now underway to f ind some other means . o f providing this money . t h a t some , if not a l l·, of t h e tota l con s truct ion money involved wi l l b e provided d irect ly to the propo sed Pleasan t Point Tr ibal Housing Author i ty , rather than to the Depar tmen t of Indian Affairs . Ade quate water and sewage fac i li ties are an e s s ent ial prere qui s i te to con s truc t ion of federal ly-a s s i s ted hous ing programs on any o f the three Reser­ ' vat ion s in the s ta t e . �(23) ATTLEBORO GREETS INDIAN CHILDREN Twenty Pas s amaquoddy Indian chi ldren were we lcomed to Att leboro last nigh t , their home for the next seven days , af ter a long trip from the ir home in nor thern Maine . The children wi l l be s t aying in the c ity and surrounding area as the gue s t s of 14 fami l ies and under the sponsor ship of the Murray Univer s a l i s t Church of Att leboro . The young s ters , who range in age from 8 to 1 2 , arr ived in the c i ty about 9 : 30 P . M. They were me t in Bos ton by a group from the church and were taken by bus to the home of Mr . and Mr s . Richard Sma l l of 198 Country S t . , where a sma l l we lcoming par ty had been arranged . The chi ldr en , accompanied by s t af f member s of the Uni tar ian-Univer s a l i s t Service Commi t tee , had come from the ir r e s ervat ion near Prince ton , Maine , by bus to Bos ton . The Sma l l s ' home was a beehive of ac t iv i ty las t night a s the Indian chi ldren me t the ir ho s t s and the hos t s me t their charges f or the nex t seven days . The chi ldren wil l l ive as par t of the ir ho s t s ' fami lies for the next week , with ac t ivities p l anned for each chi ld by the ho s t . Mrs . Audrey Binns , who is in charge o f arrangemen t s for the chur ch , said there are no group activ­ i t i e s planned . The chi ldren wer e brought to At t leboro through the cooperation of the Roman Catho lic Diocese of Maine , which paid hal f of the bus fare . The Murray Church paid the o ther ha l f . Th� idea to invite some Pas s amaquoddy children to Att leboro �as b orn l a s t spr ing . When chi ldr en of the church Sunday School were s tudying activi t ies of the Uni tar ian-Univer s a l i s t Service Commi t tee , they paid par ticular at tent ion to that commit tee ' s pro j ec t wi th the Passamaquoddy Ind ians in Maine . (From the Providence (R . I . ) Journal , 8 / 8 / 6 7 . Thi s "home s tay" program in A t t l eboro was s imi lar to a pro j e c t involving chi ldren from the Pleasant Po int Reservat ion and hos t s in the Brunswick , Maine , area . Both were par t o f the summer re serva tion ac t ivi ties under the overall direct ion of the Diocese ' s Divis ion o f Volunteer Service s . - Ed . ) PAVILION WITH A PUNCH by Fred Mi l ler , OMI (Because the News l e t ter bas carr ied ear l ier s tories regarding the des ign of the Canadian Indian Pavilion at Montreal ' s Expo ' 6 7 , we thought readers would be inter e s ted in thes e comment s from an ar t ic le in the September , 196 7 , Indian Record , pub l i shed in Winni peg , Canada . - Ed . ) The foo t -sore fair goer wi l l we lcome the quiet simp l icity and tas t e fu l decor o f the Ind ians o f Canada pavil ion o n Ile No tre-Dame , but before h e leave s he w i l l have no doubt that he has found the only "pro te s t pavilion" at Expo '6 7 . In a 'IV interview the Cormni s s ioner General o f the pavi l ion , Chie f Andrew De l i s le of the Caughnawaga Re serve near Mon treal , admi t ted that i t was inde ed a prot e s t pavi lion . He is quo ted in " Indian News" as s aying , " Ind ian s in a l l par t s o f Canada have shared i n creating the pavi l ion ' s phi losophy and w e b e l i eve it truly r e f lects the Ind ians ' thinking about themse lve s and their wor ld . " One o f the charming Indian ho s t e s s e s o f the pavil ion den ied that i t s e t out t o be a prote s t : " Th i s i s j u s t the way we see i t . We don ' t want to cry on anyone ' s shoulder : i t ' s j u s t bi st:ory . " Whatever the con tent o f the me s sage , i t i s pre sented with charac ter i s tic poe tic s ty l e and fee l ing . " The Ind ians o f Canada b id you we lcome , " the s ign on the rus t i c c lear wall s at the entrance proc laims . ''Walk in our mocas s in s o n the trai l from our pas t . Live w i t h us i n t h e here and now : Talk wi th u s b y t h e fire , of the days to come . " You begin to realize that the emo t iona l (Cont inued on Page 24 ) �( 24 ) (Con t inued from Page 2 3 ) qual i ty o f Ind ian expre s s ion is n o t mere hyperbo le . It is beaut iful , but �n the me s sage to come there is a l s o a thinly ve iled b i t terne s s that has been fermen t ing for centuri e s . But i t is a natural reac tion to the indi fference o f the white man to the language , cu l ture and re ligious character of the Ind ian . As you walk through the pavi l ion the phi lo sophy of the Indian hi t s yout with a serie s of shor t , carefu l ly worded phrases : • • • • '�le ki l led only what we needed . A man would be a fool to p i le up carcas s e s to rot , or fe l l trees to make a way in the fore s t . " "When the Whi te Man came , we we l comed him with love . We she l tered him , fed him , led him through the fore s t . The great exp lorers pf Canada travel led in Indian canoe s , wore Ind ian· snow shoes , ate Ind ian food , l ived in Indian hous e s . They could no t have l ived or moved without Indian friends . " "The Whi te Man fought each other for our 'land and we were embroi led in the Whi te Man ' s war s . Many Ind ians feel our f ather s were b etrayed . War s and peace treaties deprived us of our land . ' ' " The ear ly mi s s ionar ies thought us pagans . They impo sed upon us the ir own s tor ies of God , of heaven and he l l , of s in and s a lva t ion . " B y thi s t ime the Canad ian non-Ind ian vi s i tor begins to s quirm uncomfor t ­ ab l y for the way h i s forbear s treated t h e nat ive Ind ian ; be traying his friend­ ship with greed for his land , destroying his great herds of buf falo , deple t ing hi s fore s t s and s treams . It wa s the a t t i tude of European colon i zer s of that t ime which made po s s ib le this s tate of af fair s . For them , any cu l ture which Any language which was no t European was for was not European was· not cu lture . t hem "uncul ture d . " It was a fai lure in respe c t which we in modern t imes should regre t . I t s e f f e c t s upon the Indian peop l e are very marked today ( To be cont inued next month) • • • • D ID YOU KNOW THAT - farewe l l par ti e s were g iven by the Pleasan t Point and Indian Township Tribes when Father s Paul Pare and Maur ice Leme l in rece ived their no t ices of reappo int ­ ment ? ( S e e s t ory o n Page 1 4 ) The par ty at Pleasant Point was wr it ten u p in the September 1 1t h Bangor Dai ly News , with a p i c ture ; over 300 at tended . - " Skip" F arkas , who recen t l y comple ted a year ' s VISTA servi ce on the Penob scot Reservat ion has s igned up for ano ther year in VISTA and i s now "VISTA Leader" A s such , he w i l l he lp coordinate th� activi t i e s o f the increas ­ for the s ta t e ? ing number of VISTA worker s who are b e ing reques ted by and a s s igned to coounun­ i t ie s in the s tate . Three of these are B ruce Thomas , of Pennsylvan i a , and John Larme , of W i s cons in , who have been a s s igned to the IndiaJl To'.mship Re ser­ vat ion , and Anthony Thomas , of Cali fornia , who has been a s s igned to Pleasant Poin t . - the three Reservat ion Governor s were pic tured in an ar t ic l e in the September 2nd Salamanca ( N . Y . ) Repub lican. Pre s s , on the occas ion of their v i s i t to the Seneca Ind ian Reserva t ion ? ( Se e s tory on Page 1 3 ) - 8 50 Nava j o s , l iv ing o n a n iso lated por t ion o f the reservation near Magdalena , N . M. , j u s t obtained e lec tr ic service to the ir communi ty ? �·= rl AL IF YOU WANT - a free " s tarter " s crip tion to the Haine Indian IF YOU WAN T - ..... '!..-­ Maine 1 s only � state-wide Indi an newsletter mailed directly to your home o r · Post Offi c e b o x each month ; � Fill out the subscription slip bel�w and mail it to : MAINE IlID IAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street <"4032 Freeport, Maine � - - - - - - '· - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I would like Name \ . a copy of the Maine Indi an N ewslet ter mailed to me e ach month '_ (Pl e a s e __ _) --------_______p r.i. nt�---------- Mailing Addre s s ------(ZIP ( Send - - - - this slip - - to : Maine Indi an Newsletter Pine Street Freeport, Maine 04032 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code please ) �/ MAINE INDIAN BU LK RATE U .S. POSTAGE NEWSlliTTER 2 7/8¢ · PAID Pine Street Freeport, Maine Freeport, Maine Permit No • .3.3 1 04032 RETURN REQ UESTED C o l by C o l le ge L i b r ary Wat e r v i l le , Me . 04901 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Aug.-Sept. 1967) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-08 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-468 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/6e4284acfa9d8a01a8aca3cd4dce2f7c.pdf 1a50a54dc4307c850d6576d5ec5a2ecb PDF Text Text MAINE� I ID ·.A NEWSLETTER L VOLUME 1, NUMBER 5 DEC:SHBER B PROVID!:,S ENJOYilENT FOR All over i"inine family c ·J..!.Lpin� is becoruing of our vacation industry. inexpensive vacation enjoyment, having a C1J,iPZRS 1�1ore importc:::.nt _p:::.r t Fiith more fauilies ta.king longer v2ca.tions and travelling further distances, for the return trip home. o.. 340 1966 the c�mpground is providing relatively end still leaving enough spending money For many it oeans the difference between vacc:::.tion or no vacation ut 211. The high costs of filany summer­ time motels provides even filore incentive for a f2.8ily cc:::.mp out • . One motel owner told us last s ummer that the many ne�rby camping 2.rees had taken away much of his business. some provi�e electricity and even Nost ca pgrounds provide water, a few �dvertise showers. any campgrounds nearby, are in wooded,areas with man-Lladc some are on the ocean and some are on lakesides. swimning pools " One of the latter is Long Lake Campground on Indian Township Reservation. Lake is as beautiful as o. n y I Long have seen in Naine. T he Campground wc:::.s Duri:rig the peried" frQm July_ 8th 1966 from Nay to November. . to ·Jtily 29th; 83 .:.parties 0f 3h1::Campers used ,_the Campground. operated during The foJlow�ng statistics are prov�ded by the Depart�ent of Forest Servicei - Residence Referred to Campground I: nine - 16 - 13 Pennsylvania - 10 Massachusetts Connecticut New York Canada Ohio New Jersey Indiana Florida Maryland N.H., "vi.Va., R.I., Del., Va., Mich. Totals Types of Shelters by: - 18 - 15 Road Sign Guidegooks Local Stores - 11 Forest Rangers 8 7 7 6 3 3 2 2 Tents Tent Trailers - 10 Repeat Visits Friends Maps, Chamber of Commerce, ickup Campers-10 Travel Trlrs. Auto Assoc. - 2 - Cars - Cabins 9 7 6 Live Nearby -40 -18 - 6 5 4 each 1 Not known -l each 83 83 (Continued on Page 2) �(2) (Continued from Page 1) The Department of Forest Service feels that the Long Lake Campground is a resource which c&n be developed to benefit the Passamaquoddy Tribe, and can make plans in this direction. The Newsletter is pleased with these results. There is nothing more we would like to see then new means of income for the Passamaquoddy. As tourists are attracted to the Passawaquoddy Reservation many ·rill be interested in visiting the Indian Stores and buying bnskets and other Indian goods. Perhaps more Tribal dances will then be held to entertain these visitors. So many people are interested in learning more about Indian history, arts, craft and Indian lore that the oppor unities seem unlimited. It is up to the Passamaquoddy to decide if this is the kind of life he wants , and then to proceed accordingly. The Penobscot Indians on Indian Island in Oldtown , 11aine own a string of islands in the Penobscot River wost of which are not being used for anything of a permnneht n&ture. Perhaps one of these islands could be used to make a similar c.=.r.apground. I can think of proble111s arising but they seem no greater than those fe.ced at Long Lake, at Indian Township. • CORRECTION It has been brought to our attention that in the November Edition of the Newsletter in our story of the Passamaquoddy Tribal Election we left out one of the Tribal Councilmembers. Rebecca Francis was elected to the Tribal Council at the Pleasant Point Reserv2tion. Our apologies to Councilvvol11Gl.n Francis for this omission. At this time The haine Indian Newsletter extends CONGRATULl�IONS to you. SIOUX �VARBONNETS ON ,JORLD F IR �JAY 'i10 12 Sioux warbonnets are to be featured at the un·ted States Indian at the 1967 orld ' s Fair in Montreal, Canada. The United S tates Information Service recently bought the warbonnets to form a canopy over the rest of the Indian exhibit. The warbonnets, which ranee �rom nine to 15 feet, are wade of white turkey feathers dyed_ black at the tips. Except for the substitution of turkey feathers for eagle feathers, the bonnets are authenic (sic) in detail. The Joe New Holy family of the Pine Ridge reservation trimilled and matched the feathers for the bonnets. The New Holys did much of the beading on the bonnets, too. of the bonnets took place at the Tipi Shop Remaining constr:.:".�: ::..t=Jl in the Sioux Indian Museum and Craft Center at Rapid City. ( Rosebud Sioux Herald, Rosebud, South Dakota, 12/19/66.) oxhjhft * * • * * * * * * • 103rd Legisl�ture The 103rd Legislative session will soon be taking place in Augusta. Upon investigation the Newsletter learned that during the last session (Continued on Page 12) �(3) E D I T 0 R I A L S THE l\ AINE INDIAN NE EDITOR .. iSLETTER THOf. PSON (Penobscot) EUGE1IA T. The Maine Indian Newsletter is Maine's only state-wide Indian newsmedia. News and stor_ies may be sublllitted to the Newsletter by the 15th of each month for publication at the following adJress: Pine Street Freeport, Maine, 04032 (Telephone: 865-4253) Letters to the Editor are welcome but must conforw to the rules required by every newspaper. They must bear the writer's correct name and address although pen names are I·eraitteu at the discretion of the Editor. All letters mu�t be signed though na1es will be· withheld from publication on request. Preference will be given to letters not over 350 words in length. Letters are subject to correction of gra;nmer or obvious errors, and are subject to condensation or editing when space limitations require. • • • • • • • * • • • The Newsletter received a very interesting letter from a man in Portsmouth N. H . During early colonial times it seehls the uriter's 5th great gnandmother was an Indian girl coaing from a tribe somewhere· north of Dover N. H. but probably not into Canada. Her married name was Nute or possibly Newte. Later on her brother came to live with the f am.i..ly. The spelling may be incorrect but his name was pronounced Barkus. The writer is interested in finding out pomething about her or atleast about the possible tribe from 1hich his ancestor originated. The period in which she lived is popularly known as the French and Indian War Feriod. If any of our readers have any information on this or have any ideas which they would like to share with. us, ·we will be glad to forward it on to Mr. Gallagher. • •• Every few days the Newsletter receives a lett2r from an individual library who wishes to receive the first two or three issues of the Ne�§].�. We are trying to meet these requests but are down to the bare minimum which vie must keep for our files. Those of you who have requested these back issues and have not yet received them can rest assured you will hear from us in the near future coneerning them. If we can not supply these issues we will still let you know. or a LETTERS Dear Editor: After reading your October edition of tl,e Newsletter, I cane across (Continued on Page 4) �(4) ( Letters, Continued from Page 3) an article concerning the Indians in Houlton who are living on the Flat. The Correspondent Morris Brooks was given the wrong in forwation by Mr. Leo Tomah and Mr. ?olchies. I know, I was born in Houlton, in fact born on the Flat and always lived in comfort. We are not from the hie Hae tribe as stated-, the only die 11ac I Indians in Houlton are the out casts that are driven out from their own reservations and they were never accepted on the Flat because of their bad conduct. �y father's family were the first Indians on the Flat, they moved over from Canada since 1912 and they have all passed away. Just a few years ago my sister and I moved frou the Flat , she was the only Indian who had � bathroom in her home and ny aunt who lived ·cross fro� her. To me, the Flat as they called it, is really Bridge Stre�t. and we left behind many hap]y memories. Yours truly, Mrs. Theresa Paul Old Town, e. • *** Dear Editor: t vJe were delighted to hear of your tvork with the iJ. I IE nmI1 N NE,VSLETTER and VJould like to receive copies of it as they come off the press. Enclosed is our contribution of $1.00 to help defray some of your expenses in a small way. Earlier this year, we became interested in the work of John Chris­ topher Hartwick, a Lutheran Pastor, ho served so..·e of the tribes around Otsego Lake and Coopersto •n about 200 years ago. In his will he provided. for the establishr ent of liart.1ick Seutina.cy on the �rnst bank o f the Susquehanna River in t�e Town of liart�1ick, just south of Coopers­ I am wondering whether you way have had any articles in previous to�n. issues.concerning tribes and missionaries who lived and worked in what is upper and central New York state. While teaching history several years ago, I learned tlia t Saqison Occum, an Indian scholar from Connecticut who raised sub stantial funds which were later used for founding Dartmouth College, 1oved to the Adirondacks as a result of his disappointment when t he school he .As far as I know, no trace labored for was not built in eonnecticut. was ever found of his grave, or last place of residence. Congratulations and best �ishes for your new venture. Sincerely, Bernard C. Wojan 1 West Hartford, Conn · • ••• Editor: I re�d the Maine Indian Newsletter for the fir�t ti�e and found -· -it very interesting. Icarne to f-;aine Aug. 30 and �ever thought there were any Indian tribes here. I met Viola Dana (You ran an article on her last month. ) and she told me what trib.es were here in r1aine. I ' m interested in working w�th Indians and I have hlet many people from dif­ ferent tribes here at the Center. I am a 0innebago India� from Wi�consin. My vocation here in the Job Corps is library assistant and when I graduate fro� that course in (Continued on page 14) Dea.r �(5) FULL INDIAN RECEPTION GIVEN THREE-WAR VET by Clayton Beal PERRY - Fourteen years before he was given the right to vote in a national election and less than two years after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Sabatis Mitchell, a proud American Indian, was serving in the United States Navy. Today he is back home on the Ple asant Point Passamaquoddy Indian Reser­ vation here, where he was given a surprise welcome home party night by his fellow Indians in full tribal regalia. 20 "Mitch", as his Air Force buddies called him, retired November 30 after years of active milit ary service which concluded with a year in Viet Nam, after service during the Korean conflict and in World War II. As he bounced his seven-month-old son on his knee, Mitchell d escribed · the war in Viet Nam as la war without lines - one where it is too often He is deterntine(l� difficult to say where tomorrow's battle might be fought.11 however, that the war must be "WOn. Pleasant Point has a long history of contributing manpower for America. A monumen t aean«tJ. today on the bank of Passamaquoddy Bay here erected by 40 the Daughters of the American RevoluttQa.honoring some Indians who fought for America, their homeland, during the Revoluntionary War. Those presently serving in the military from "The Point" include such men as Harry Tinker, James Moor e, Richard Socobasin, Francis Nicholas, Melvin Soctomah, Louis Homan, Peter Bailey, Jr., Howard Dana, and John Mitchell. Four are nearing the 20-year service mark. Like many of his Indian brothers who became admired and liked by their fellow qervjcemen for their "peculiar" heritage of unwritten language, religion and hablt s, Mitchell recalled that he had been called upon many times to pe1·l\n·m the many dances which his f orefathers portrayed long before the white man came to power on the North Am erican continent. As the familiar Indian drums beat out a dance rhythm during the surprise party, Mitchell took advantage of the opportunity to show his friends that he can stil l set a fierce dnnee pace, brogans and all. During the evening's activities, \\hich were highlighted by a colorful Indian dance team, Mrs. Mitchell and son Sabatis, Jr., also "cut th e rug." Fr. Paul Pare, of Saint Anne's Catholic Church of Pleasant Point, shed his traditional garb and donned Indian headdress to show the smiling Passama­ quoddies how really simple it all is. Immediately following the brief performance, which left him panting, Fr. Pare was adopted into the tribe as a fellow dancer. Joseph Nicholas, of the tribal governor's counc il, served as master of ceremonies and welcomed the veteran back to the reservation. Mitch, however, revealed that his a.lln is to secure as quickly as possible a civil service position at one of the ma.rwgovernment installations in Maine. ( From the Bangor Daily News, 12/9/66) BUFFY STRIVES FOR TRUE IMAGE Cree folksinger Buffy Saint-Marie wants the white man to put some truth Indian. 11I'm insulted as an Indian and children have to read lies in history texts, 11 she said in Vancouver where she gave a concert "Children must be raised t'.) realize nations as well as individual s make mistakes," the Saskatchewan-born singer said, "and it's time to correct those mistakes. 11 Miss Sainte-Marie said films, advertising and comics all portray the North Indian as "a _character. 11 "They think the Indian lost to superior �dds in fair fights, 11 said, 11when in fact he was b eaten by broken treaties." From In:iian Record, Winnipeg, Canada, December 1966) in his history 0f the North American appalled as an American that Indian • • • American ( she �(6) INFOR1"1ATION OBTAINED FROM BACONE COLLEGE Bacone is a privately operated junior colle ge having no connection with the goverr.ment or tax support. Most of the operating income of Bacone is derived from the gifts of individuals, churches and organizations. American Baptists comprise the largest group of contributors to Bacone, thqugh other organizations also help the school, including the Daughters of the American Revolution. Bacone College is incorpcrated under the laws of the State of Oklahoma. It is a junior college cffering courses with a liberal arts emphasis leading to the Associate in Arts degree. Many s tudents come to Bacone from Indian reservations and definite Indian areas of the United States. are td a t tend college. Most of these require scholarship help if they Bacone has a unique Work Scholarship program, made possible by the contributions of churches, organizations and indivi duals, whic h enables these students to earn all by $35.00 of their room and board costs per semester. Tuition and fees for full time students are per semester. $150.00 Students needing addi t ional financial assistance may apply f or grants-in-aid made possible by scholarship gifts to the colle ge. Defense Student loans are also available. National Bacone is accredited by the North Central Association of Golleges and Secondary Schools and by the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. A new nurse training program enables nursing students to attend Bacone for in co a 24-month period of c lassroom instruction and hospital experience tion with the Muskogee General Hospital . They are the n qualified for ( ) era­ their R.N. certification and the Associate in Arts degree from Bacone. Bacone serves both Indian and non-Indian students; however, ship funds are awarded to Indian students. of 40 all scholar­ Ind ian students represent upwards 1964 enrollment was 550 students from 29 states. 1880, primarily for the education of A merican different tribes. Bacone was founded in Indian youth. It is the oldest institution of higher educati on in the state of Oklahoma. Bacone is lccated in Muskogee, approxima tely persons. 40,000 Oklahoma, a city of For further information, persons may write: President, Bacone College, Bacone, Oklahoma ( From 7 4420. Bacone College Annual Bulletin, 1966-1967) PIMA INDIAN HOUSING PROGRAlv'f NEARS COMPLETION The thirteen participants in Sacaton ( Arizona ) who are in the Mutual Self-Help Housing Program are very near to completion of their houses. unbelievable to see. It is A modern home and w ith its modern appliances, the privacy, sanitation, and above all the feeling f owning a home providing shelter for their children. truly be proud. A home that children in t hese modern times can So may we point out as this project is about to be comple ted that within the very near future, there will be an open house and the date of this occasion will b e annouced. ( From the Gila River ( Pima ) . News, N vember, 1966. Sacaton is one of the Indian communities on th e Gila River Reservation, south of Phoenix, Ariz. �Ed. PlMAS REVERSE TRADITION SCOTTSDAIE, ARIZ. (AP) - In a reversal of the first Thanksgiving in this of nation, the white man will sit down Thursday as guest dale. Pima Indians have invited officials of Phoenix and nearby cities to Indians near Scotts­ share their Thanksgiving feast on the Salt River Indian Reservation. ( From the Lewiston�Auburn Journal, 11/21/?6) ) �(7) INDIANS AND AMERICAN S)CIETY American Indians have contributed much to American political ideals. Federalism, the view of leaders as servants of the people, and respect for diversity are all part of the Indian tradition. In other ways, however, this tradition is distinctive. While Indian cultures differ, certain common threads have continued - even strengthened through 400 years of interaction w ith the European tradition. Acquisition and exploitation of their la nds continue to distress Indians, who live in oneness with nature an d believe that the earth is their mother. place great val ue on hard work or e fficiency. Many do not Cooperation rather than compet­ ition appeals to them. D is�tion of their cultures and destruction of traditional bases of their economies have made.the half-million Indians perhaps the poorest group in America today. cars or in the open. They suf fer from inadequate housing, some sleeping in gutted Most efforts to help them have been based on the goals of t he dominant culture and have only deepened their problems Caught between two competing views of the world, young IndiAns suffer • • • • feelings of conflict and in feriority and adjust poorly to American society's demands,, first in school and later in employment. Indian parents are rarely given any responsibility for policy or curriculum in the schools their children attend. Language is a barrier for many children starting school. • • • Since colonial times, members of the Society of Frien ds have campaigned for just and sympathetic treatment of Irrlians. The .American Friends Service Committee has been work ing with .American Indian s since -working with Indians in Arizona, Washi.ngton and Montana. (Frem an 1948, and is currently Colorado, Minnesota, California, Maine, AFSC Bulletin, Septenber, 1966) INDIAN DONATES KIDNEY 'IO AILING YOUTH ... CHICAGO (UPI) Richard Redhorse and John Dickinson under n ormal cµ-cum­ stances would not share much in cormnon. Redhorse, is a Sioux Indian who was born on a reservation in South lakota. honor s tudent from Crown Point, Indiana. 35, , 15,, Dickin se n is a high school But because circumstances in their lives were not normal, today they share a bond only a few persons in the world share. Early this year, .doctors told John's parents that he suffered from nephritis, a chronic kidney disease. J�hn q�gan taking artificial kidney treat­ ments but his condition worsened. When his 'kidneys could no longer rid his body o f the poisonous wastes that ae�umulated, doctors· said John would have to have a new kidney or he would die. No one the Dickinsons knew, nor any relative, was medically suitable as a donor for John's particular Type O blood. He began lapsing into comas and the situation became urgent. His parents, in desperation, placed an advertisement in the Chicago Tribune asking for a k idney donor. Redhorse read the a dvert.isement. He remembered his baby sister, who died in because she needed a new kidney and couldn't g et one in time. "I said to myself that someday there might be somebody who needed a kidney to go on living, and I wuld help them, 11 Redhorse s aid He telephoned the Dickinsons and volunteered one of his kidneys. ransplant was performed last week and was successful. Today John's n� kidfiey was "functio ning beautifully, 11 according to doctors. He appeared healthier than he had in months, his parents said. 1962 . �� � �� "'What Redhorse did is really beyond the call of duty for any human being," of the doctors said. ( From the Portland Express, 11/28/66) �(8 ) PASSAMArUODDY VISITOR TO BE HOSTESS ON HOLIDAY BRUNSWICK - Thanksgiving dinner with the Indians - the Passamaquoddy of Pleasant Point, Maine - will be a unique experience for the family of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Born this week, as they travel northward to the home of Deanna Francis and her family. Deanna, who wants to go to college, has left her reservation for a year of work and post-graduate study at Brunswick High This will be the first time her "two" School, and she lives with the Borns. families, the Borns and the Francis, will be getting together around a big Thanksgiving dinner complete with turkey and all the trimmings - but not the porpoise meat that Deanna says she would frankly prefer. "We go out in a two-man canoe with a shotgun and a. spear,11 Deanna reminisces, "And you have to shoot the head so as not to ruin the meat. is a black meat and you eat it broiled or fried. It It's better than steak, I'd say," and she has forewarned her mother that the Borns would like a sampling of porpoise - so some is being planned for later in the Thanksgiving weekend. Deanna's feelings about her reservation and her people are very strong. She is immensely proud of her tribe - their closeness with one another, their efforts to preserve their unique culture, their natural abilities - but the story she tells of life on Pleasant Point is the story practically every American Indian tells, one of steady, unremitting injustice and deprivation .... "There were eight of us.that started high school in Eastport together," she recalls, "but we had no counseling and we didn't know what we wanted t<? do with ourselves. We had always gone to Indian schopls on the reservation and it was hard to mix in when we started school. the reservation. years old. We never knew people off In fact, I spoke only Passamaquoddy until I was eight So we were put into the commercial courses at school, and advised against trying for the college course because we were told we couldn't make the grades." "How did they know that?" Deanna wants to know, "If we had never been given a chance to try, how could they say we couldn't make the grades?" Of the eight who started in the commercial course, only the four girls finished. One boy went back as a policeman on the reservation - this, with­ out even a high school education - and the other three scattered. "All the Indians celebrate Thanksgiving," says Deanna. "No matter where they are they try to get home, and families spend Thanksgiving together. Everybody goes to church, to have an early dinner, between 8 a.m. mass on the reservation, and then we 12 and 2. Then there's always a big celebra­ tion, a big dance, and everybody goes, not just the teen-agers." The reservation, .though, is a fairly bleak place, almost totally with­ out trees or gardens. any kind. The houses are small, and most lack indoor plumbing of The language commonly spoken there is Passamaquoddy, which is not now a written language, and the children go to a school run for them by nuns. During the summer the people work at a fertilizer plant, in small factories, or in the one woolen mill; in the winter they work in the woods or, as now, make Christmas wreaths for shipment south. among the Indians; Maine, Employment is the great problem there is little employm�nt for anyone in that section of but almost none at all for those who have no education, are untrained, or are discriminated against as a minority group. Deanna Francis' family is pleased that she has taken the initiative and left the reservation, for they know that she wants to come back. to major in physical education-- a continuation, perhaps, She hopes of the Indians' leg· endary skill in athletics and games--and come back to Pleasant Point to start a physical education program for the people there. "I don't want to be a secretary," Deanna says,_"although (Continued on Pag� 9) , · 1 was accepted �(9) PASSAMAQUODDY VISITOR •••• ( Continued from Page 8) at Husson College this year to take their executive secretary course. want to go away to college, a chance on me." I and now I'm looking for a college that will take To prepare herself, Deanna is studying algebra, French, and college English at BHS. economics, last summer she worked as a teachersf aide in the Head Start program in Topsham, but this summer, if she can, she hopes to go to the University of Maine and pick up some more credits toward regular college enrollin.ent. 110nly the young can ever get away,11 she s ays practically, "And there's nothing down there for them anyway. But now I think the people are going to do something - they're trying, anyway.11 EAGLE MASK: A WEST COAST INDIAN TALE ( Written The $3.00) and illsutrated by James Houston, Harcourt, Brace & World, 63 pp, author, whose first book, Tikta'liktak, won the Canacl"ian Library Association's award for the best English-language book of 196 5, has for many His years lived and traveled in the Canadian Arctic and the Northwest. Indians is basic enough to keep the cultural knowledge of the West Coast details of his story from being obtrusive; his quiet writing has a simplicity that is eminently appropriate for the rich and dignified living patterns of the Eagle clan. Tested for Skemshan, his protagonist, is a young prince of the clan. his courage, he goes for the first time on a sea hunt, then is initiated Ages 10-12. into rull manhood with a splendid potlatch. From the Saturday Review of literature, 11/12/66) ( MALECITE INDIAN GRADUATE The September, 1966, edition of Americans Before Columbus, Denver, Colorado, reported on the graduation from the University of Maine of Mr. Harold Tomah Mr. Tomah received a Bachelor of Science in Education. (Malecite). Information reaching the Ne�Pletter indicates that Mr. Tomah t.eaching in the Wells, Maine, High School. INDIAN CRAFTS APPRECIATED ( Continued from the November Newsletter is presently ) Archaeological discoveries show that Indian jew�lry dates back over a thousand years in the Southwest. Much of the early jewelry was made from shell, bone and brightly colored stones. Turquoise was obtained for the jewelry from mines in Arizona and New Mexico, and shells were traded for by tribes on the West Coast. It was not until the coming of the Spanish that the Indians first learned the art of ��rking with silver. Early Indian silver was worked from cpanish and Mexican coins. Navajo, Zuni and Pueblo jewelry now shows distinctive qualities of its own, as the tribes have adapted culture and environment into their jewelry. The Navajos are known for their sandstone casting; the Zunis p rimarily for their inlay work. Pueblos, but there a re their jewelry. some Very little silver work is done by the families who have distinguished themselves for ( Continued on Page 10) �(10) INDIAN CRAFTS (Continued from Page 9) • · · • • • Although the Taos Indians are known as farming people, two tribesmen, Bobby Lujan· and Alfred ·Lujan, have produced a limited supply of jewelry. · The Taos inen have developed originality in their work and their jewelry is ahn.r­ acterized. by a more modern flair. Ih�ia� pottery, until.very recently, was becoming scarce. However, through the· efforts of Maria Martinez of San Ildefonso, pottery once more has become popular . Now, many tribes which previously stopped producing pottery are reviving the old techniques and producing fine work. Weaving, on the other hand, is not as wide-spre�d among the tribes as other crafts.· ·:The Navajos are the exclusive weavers in New Mexico, having begun to weave after the arrival of the early Spanish colonists. The first products of the Navajo looms were natur8.1. grey and white blan­ kets, ponchos and serapes. With an adverse influence from white traders, the Indians began to dye their products artificial�y, producing bright, gaudy colors. The flashy rugs and poncho� at first were very popular with an undiscriminating public; however, through the efforts of traders and con­ scientious persons, the Navajos gradually began to make use of na ural dyes and colors once again. (From the Nava.jo Times, 10/20/66) IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT NBC-TV plans a "Project 20" presentation, scheduled for showing on March 16th, on American Indians. Entitled 11End of the Trail,11 this special program will include some'-rare photos of American Indians collected in a three­ yenr $earch. (From 1Y. Guid_g, n re111ber 10-16, 1966) Being part couidn 't = • · . .. . . . ... . .. . . . . . . ·• . •• • • ........ . ' . ·• • • " •· ,,_,#f�!;�{�:. -;� �.�'.:�tJ;i,�··;��;�{·.· • <��7 0.S,:0 fJ: "· ! � �:�nl · :n� � � : · · ; · . . .. . • . . . . . . .. . . ... . . ... .... ... . ......... . ........ . .. .. .. ....... .. .. ... · , Indian, I just bring mys elf to ; :n3'm�:�e�;: in , � n !(i , . .. �, ;.t·./: California. � �Instead, I found u h, i u 'h'·-'' . 1 · � .�.. -�base . I carried around its the dirt off / �and distributed it under �<. ther bushes. Then I � s:traightened the bush, and its� branches completely cov.ered the excavation. You : could have walked within three ;feet of that foxhole and not )<nown it was there. When our'· com--� �mander inspected the area, he �said, "Sergeant, I don't see �enough for the �ber of en here. 11 I proudly ex-� fplained why he "Oh, let tem stay for. a while. couldn't see � imine. He beamed Wha:t possible harm can they do?" . ,................................,, ....,.,,,,.. ,t o show it to him. , , , , and asked me and nev9r In a very un--Indi.an manner, I turned over every bn sh wj +.bin J 00 yards four.cl it! EFrom the Readers Digest, JP.nu�ry·l9�7). ! · ·. . . -·.-, :· "- ·' · . . • • J:.-1 -·-- - ---- ·--· � -- • ·--- :���-!ir��:nh<>le o foxholes m - mnn- = •• ... """ .. . . . ... . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. � ..... . . - �(11) ( At this time of year; �hen High School Seniors should be making plans to con­ tinue their education, the Newslet ter would like to rep rint the following infor­ mation regarding the State ts Indian scholarship programs. - Ed. ) UNIVERSITY OF MAINE Five full tuition scholarships are available each year to members of the Passamaquoddy or Penobscot Tribes. Applications for these s cholarships or more information about them can be obtained from the Office of Student Aid, on the University of Maine campus in Orono. In addition, there are many other programs of financial assistance administered by the Student Aid office which will allow any student, Indian or non�Indian, to obtain almost complete financing of the cos t of a University education, based on personal need. These Indi an tuition scholarships, which have been available since 1934, 'are listed �r. Page 19 of the University's Financial Aid Bulletin for 1966-68. STATE COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS The minutes of the May 27, 1966, meeting of the State Board of contain the following paragraph: 11It was moved by Mr. Bailey, seconded by Dean Mardner, and voted-that the Board 6ffer free tuition, fees and, if available, room and board, for one Maine Indian student at each of the five s tate colleges, each of the vocational­ technical institutes, and each of the Schools of Pract� cal Nursing, and that free tujtion be offered to .as many qual­ ified Maine Indians as are accepted for enrollment." Ednl'!nJ,j •>rJ, The schools involved are: Aroostook State College ( Presque Isle ) , Farming ton State C oll ege (Farmington), Fort Ken t State College ( Fort Kent ) , Gorham 3�ata College (Gorham), Washington State College (Machias ) , Central Maine V-T Institute ( Auburn ) , Eastern Maine V-T Institute (Bangor), Northern Maine V-T Ins titute ( Presque Isle ) , Southern Maine·V-T Institute ( South Pc.,rtland ) , and Maine Schoolsof Prac tical Nursing ( Portland, Presque Isle and Waterville) . Further information can be obtained from the various schoo�s. Information just reaching the Newsletter indicates that the State Board of Education recently voted "unanim011sly to amend and clarify its original scholarship policy for our Indian youth" to provide one fl,lli s cholarship each year to qualified students at each of our vocational-technical institutes and state colleges. In this way, rn.•we than one Indian student can be in attendance ( on scholarship ) at each institution each year. · THE FIRST AMERICAN IS LAST American Indians have received on the average ·only five years of schooling an::l have a dropout rate today exceeding 50 per cent� They learn virtually nothing about the postive aspects of Indian historY., an d grow up hna ble to cope well with either reservation life or life in the white ma n ts world. These were am•ng the charges made at a conf e re n ce last month of the education committee of t.he Association on American Indian Affairs. While a majority of Indian children attend public s chools, a large per­ centage are shipped off by the Bureau of Indian A ffairs (BIA) to .federally-run boarding sch o o ls, of ten hundreds of miles from heme. These schools were attacked mos t severely at the conference as harmful to the youngsters' education a.rx:l 'to their mental health. Carl L. Marburger, new chief of education at the BIA, declared that he is trying to change the policy and bring more children back to day schools on the reservation. ( From Saturd ay Review, 12/17/66) �(12) (Continued from page 2) (103rd Legislature) 19 Indian bills were introduced and referred to 7 different co.mmittees for hearings. Thus up to 7 trips were necessary for Indians and other persons interested in these bills to be present in kuguuta for the&e hearings. We haven't learned whether there will be a change now that we have the new Department of Indian Affairs but we were told by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in hugu_ta thut he has talked �ith State legislators and legislators-elect on the scheduling of Indian bil�s in the forthcoming session. One of his concerns was this very problem. Desirable changes may of necessity be slow in coming, but at least we have a Department finally that is working only with Indian interests and problems and not concerning itself w�th so many areas that the Indians become only one more division to be ad.Jinistered as one would a welfare agency, as when the .In ians fell under Health and 1/elfare. I am not implying that Health and ,�elfare did not do anything for the Indians, but only that much more should be forth coming from the new Department of Indian Affairs. The Newsletter realizes, though, that what the Department can accomplish is in large part controlled by the Legislative fingers holding the �u�se strings. So, ·�nally it is these legislators who will decide what progress will be made by the Indians here in f·mine. The better they are inf armed of IV hat the problei'Jl.6 are and what can be done to help the situation the better able they will be to vote intelJigently on any Indian question they are faced 1ith. The Indians are not a special interest group; They are citizens who have contributed a great deal to this State over the years &nd who have often come up uncomplaining on the short end of a bargain, ·1hen lands have been taken, .1hen restrictions have been placed on them and when Trust Funds have been �ithheld from them 1ith no adeqQ.te reasons given. During the forthcoming Legislative session fhe l�ine Indian Newsletter will keep you informed of legislative nerys regarding Indian matters. ind, V!here it is possible we will let you know how some of the legislat rs feel regarding the Indian bills. • • • • • • • • * • BIA HIGHLIGHTS From the Rosebud Sioux Herald (12/19/66) re gleaned the following highlights of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, an agency of the Federal Government,. SISSETON- .j,.i.J:1!=:.�:T01 RI:· E�VATION, S. D., Jan. 13-- Herter' s Inc. of fllinne­ sota has announced plans to produce 12-gauge shotgun shells here. It is expected to employ 40 men in a t1�0-shift operation. Three new buildings aill be constructed at a cost of �130, 000. *** CREEK NA'l1ION, O.R:la. , Jan. 13 -- 1-:iore than tvrn million acres ceded to the U.S. on August 7, 1856 had been valued at �1.00 an acre at that time. ·The Indian Claims CoromiBsion decl8rcd recently, however, that the U.S. only paid �l milJ�on and still owes another �l million. *** CATTARAGuS RESERVATION, N.Y., Jan. 13 -- The first Seneca Corporation has laid out plans for a pillow factory here to eventually hire 300 Indians. The Seneca Nation invested ��800,000 and expects to solve reservation ·(Continued on Page 13) ur.f�ployment. SENECA �( 13 ) ( BIA Highlights , Continued from Page 12 ) I HITE l"i0UNTAIN APAC HE R"SSERVATIO�, Ariz. , Jan. 13 This reservation is still abuzz over having one of its trees lit up at the �hite House in �·Jashington, D . C. - - * ** 'HNSLmv , Ariz. , Jan. 13 Ab out 30 Nava jos began training here under the BVD Company of New York C�ty. If the training is successful, the company has indicated it will start a plant near here. - - *** COCHITI P UEBLO , N . M. , Jan. 13 A $ 50 Hillian, earth - filled dc..m has been approved by this pueblo. It will be built on the Rio Grande River and cover 5 . 3 miles, while flooding 4 , 000 acres o f Indian land. About � 1 45 , 000 was granted to the Indians for easement . Known as the Cochiti Dam, it will be the second biggest o f its • •• kind west of the Mississippi. - - * • NE# * • * • • * * • * TRAINING COURSES The Maine Employment Security Commission announced three new training courses madeav�ilable through the Manpower Devel opment and Training Act (HDTA) in November . These are Nurse Aide , Genera l O f fice Clerk ( refresher), Sheet Metal Installer. More infor@ation on these (and other) training and employment programs can be obtained from the nearest o f fice of the Maine Employment Security Commission. * * • • * * * • * * * WATER HOOKUP CONPLETED Pleasant Point- Housing O f ficer, Tony Kaliss reports that the water hookup at the P leasant Point Reservation is completed , with the exceptmon of a few minor details. 18 families were to be hooked up. Two turned out to be already hooke·d up ; two were too far from the main lines, thus making the ditch digging costs prohibitive ; and one person �as unable to make any contrib ution toward the cost of being hooked up ; the rest however have been hooked up and now have running water. Several families on their own have installed hot water heaters and at least one farnily has installed all the necessary pluiub ing for a toilet. The Newsletter is pleased with these results and ho�es it 0ill not be lon g� th e f u 1- n re be fore these other fami lies can h ave running \vater. * * • • • * * • * * * Mr. VineDeloria, Executive Secretary o f the National Congress o f Ameri­ can Indians ( NCAI) , in Denver Co lorado, is interested in the possibi lity of NCAI being able to of fer f uture · techn i cal assi s t ance to .Maine ' s Tribes in econ orn� c development o f the Reserva t � ons, end p l ans to contact Tribal o f f i c iR l s s ome t i m e next Spring. �( 14 ) ( Le t t e r s , C o n t in u e d I Ap r i l , I wish your Wisc onsin will 4) f r om F a ge plan o n g o in g h ome pape r and the o r gani z e s tart best of a pape r c o l l e ge luck like and in I t h e I: i .:: in e Lily the hope ha i n e FARS . J B LL THE L! ST 5, Indians The on c e B ut Our V a l le y ) they c ame se t t le d i d r e t urn Liv e rill o r e , t he ir natural dis t ru s t to have c ould left c ome After t he t he and to t he F r e n c h a n d I n d i an s . As i n C an a d a . t he r e w e r e b e fore most I ndians of t hem l e f t first were un f r i e nd l y . so whi t e up But He li v e here he o v e r c ame e v e n �as s a i d any I ndians disease se t tl e r s the river , I nd i a n s to t ha t to 0 h e n D e a c on Liv e rwo r e going b y fire . I n d ian w a r s , the 500 our V alley neve r At unlocked �h e n Liv e r m o r e o n l y ab o u t le f t ye ar . t he y v i s i t e d h i m r e gu la r l y . sleep by his A n a s ag un t i c o o ks m ov e d c o u s in s each h i s ki t c h e n d o o r in o f Valley H e le n C a l d v e l l C u s hman gr e a t A n a s agun t i c o oks a gai n . to of in Le w i s * * * * * * * * * • ·· · · · · · · · · · ( Pa r t I n d i ans I n d i an Ne w s l e t t e r . F oland S pr ing , By fall . the d e c iilla t e tl man y of up o n them t he in the b orde r nudb e r t e r r i t o ry , j oining t h e i r are a . and the t he ir w a s pe rmane n t ly s e t t l e d le f t c r oss had e n c r oache d It l iv e 177 9 , ab o u t wasn ' t with l ong t he S t . F r an c i s I n d ia n s . Ye t vis i t e d each t he year and h un t e d w a t e r gi n to t h e D e ad In gr ound . the T he r e the l ow e d of pi lgr image s l e r r yme e t i n g B a y . and thence on p a in t , tne a nd down to the the o c e an , A l l m e mb e r s too o ld or They It such the was in herbs 17 96 f ow l w e r e smoke d f or p r e s e rv a t i on s av e d an e w t h e the l as t the trip t o i n b r i gh t war pa i n t friends , a n d s a i d a s a d adie u , the ir an c e s t ors . t h e y abandone d I n d ian these in s o l i t ud e b u r yi n g An d r o s c o ggin p o r t age they to c ar e for a n d pai d to of t he t he to they t omb s . f or on fol­ to of t he ir t he m , a w ar ­ abode They t h e i r whi t e an c e s t e r s . s e a w a s hla d e . final wh o two d i gn i t y o f many o f the those t he f i sh a n d c u r e the in w i n t e r . their c ame , out c a �e t ake b a c k use lives t he i r forever t he c l e an beneath They v i s i t e d S t ill aloof , holy plac e s except a lways to gra v e s gr e a t An a sagun t i c o ok na t i on . of to as we r e t h i ef c e on g r av e s t he the t h e Ke nn e b e c wh i c h c hildren t a sks whi c h ha d that t h is and s q uaws h a d other c ons e c ra t e d f e a t h e r p lumage , ma d e to p i l g r iwaGe ma d e S q uaws s un - d r i e d their friends . o th e r to t h e y ma d e f ar.1 o u s I n d i an tribe f i s h and wat e r c o ll e c t e d a ca p at t r y s t i n g p la c e . the of i n f e rm . do and first furs An d r o s c o g­ a t Iv r r yrue e t i n g B a y . 1e J f t e r all The the T h e y w ould this gr oup r e t urne d The d own c om i n g t o ge t h e r annual vi s i t s . i n C an ad a , c awe They their c e r e mo n i a l d r e s s to be thence rive r . all c ar r y w a t e r a n d r io r . full One sea . Pond and C ob b os s e e c on t e e , to in t he a n d t h e y s old Pond . reached I s la n d known pa r t y d i v i d e d , d own They t o Wa yne s c a t t e r e d par t i e s ge s t ur e s and pad d l e d H i l s on we r e f ow l a t t h e i r b r i l l i an t pr ope r River two t h e i r anc e s t o r s , R iv e r , Le e d s unt i l a l l the t h e y ma d e grav e s sacred l on e their In go r ge o u s survivors of f e v whi t e respe c t s at the c e r t a in ly w i t h h e av y h e a r t s leaving here T h e n in t he and there s unse t , a l on e they pad­ d l e d up t h e And r o s c o gg.in t ow a r d s C n n a da , n e v e r t o r e f urn . For she er d rama t i c pa t h os t h e r e hav e b e e n f e w s u c h s c e n e s i n t he h i s t o r y o f o u r Nat i on . ( C o n t in u e d on Page 15 ) �( 15 ) (The Last Farewell , continued f rom page 14. ) The Indian was certainly right in defending his homeland . It is n ot to our cr edit, this chap ter in history . · The French w e r e al �ys more patient and gentle th&t the English, they treated the Indians as brothers , shared their hardships , intermar ried with the�. The Eng lish were arrogant and presumptuous and cap tured many Indians and so ld them as slaves . No ' wonder there was b loodshed and cruelty. I would like to close this brie f piece about our Va lley Ind·ians with some wise words f rom l'ir . Starbird. "The treatment of the Anasagunticooks by the English was harsh, cruel, perfidious, dishonest . Even then there were roany acts o f kindness and faithfulness on the part of the Indians . H ad the c-0 lonies reciprocated their kindness and the white people treated them \1ith any degree of f a i r ­ neus , thousands of innocent lives , both English and Indian , w ou l d have been spare d the sacrifice. " * * ** * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * ( E d . Note : The fol lowing is part 2 o f a UPI series which we r �printed in the September Newsletter . The f inal part will. ap1)ear in the J anua.1· y issue . The Original Americans VISTA 0 9rkers En larging By Jack V . Fox Indian �eservation Program • • • The high desert 1J1as blazing hot in the Arizona sun and the Nava j o sheep and goats had been herded from 3 0 miles around t o rough rock for the once a year dip in disin fectant to rid theru o f ticks and lice. Tugging and hauling away at the sheep were two gir ls v1ho lilight have been debutantes- Sheila i' iarvin of P1teasantville, N . Y . and Linda Elsner of C r ystal Lake , Ill. Twenty yards away , Indian squaws holding their young stared at the white gir ls in astonishment . The gir ls were VISTA ' S- Volunteers in Service to .!�u.erica, a sort o f domestic Peace C orps . They were wrestling the squirfiling sheep toward a smelly trough in an idealistic , naive but hea rt-tu gging attempt to show that the white people want ed to help the nation ' s lar gest Indian tribe up out of a poverty that is as rnuch o f soul as of body. The Nava j o reservati on spreads over a par t of Utah and New t 1exic� but most of its 24 , 000 square miles lies in Northeastern Arizona . C rossing its great plateaus and mesas is a trip as long f rom Boston to Washi n gt on. On it subsist 110 , 000 Nava j os , illost o f them living in Aoga.ns , round or hexagonal shaped buildings o f timbers chinked with mud and over laid with a roo f of sticks and mud or hides . The hogans have dirt f loors , no plu bing and no heating except for an open fire which also serves for cooking. The one coi1llilunity we ll for water may be as far as 20 miles away. Defeat caue to the Nava j os in 1863 at the hands o f C o l . Kit Carson and the U . S . C avalry. They were stripped of guns , horses and their f lo cks of sheep and driven 300 miles on foot to what amounted to a concentration camp at Fort Sulillle r , N.1•1 . l In 1868 , when they were re l <? � 1;1 0 il .q n d pe r m i. t t e d to return to their b a rro n land , only 3-000 n ! m :: d n 0 d . They exist now by raising sheep , goats and some ca t t l � � n d by planting pathetic little patches of corn , beans and squash. A few pf the women make blankets and rugs and sode of the older artisens u1ake the heavy Nava j o silver j evrn lry . But the bracelet the tourist pays $24 for in a curio shop o f f the Indian reservation has (C ontinued on page 16 ) ..• �( 16 ) ( The Original Ame rican Continue d from iage 15 ) be en mark ed u p f rom the �8 paid the .Nava jo silv e r ::: ..1ith. Their av erage pe r capita income is only a f aw hundr e d dollars a y e ar • The 1965 p e r capita }: er..:ional incoi,1e of the av er2.ge A .ierican was $ 2 , 724 . The remoteness of the tribe is almost unbe lievable. Pat Arizas o f Duluth , Minn . , anoth er VISTI volunte e r , recently drove a high chassis Ford Bronco ove r th e trails to Nava jo Mountain not far from the Gr and Canyon. He was the firGt white the Indians had ever se en. The oldest m e mber of th e community, a man in his 8o • s , told Ari zac tDat his fath e r once had told hi� about the white an . In a flat stone building at Fort De fiance that w�s once a 1 ilit ary j ail is the of fice of Peter MacDonald. He is an ex-harine , holde r of a de gre e in electrical engin e ering, a forme r pro j ect engine er for the Hughes Aircr a ft Co. in the development o f guidance sys t e ms for th e P olaris missle . The 37 ye ar-old J. :acDonald is a Nava jo , born in a hoga.n on the r eservation 100 miles horth of Fort De fiance . His nam e prob ab ly was given one of his ancestors by a soldie r who couldn ' t spell the Nav a jo name and donated his own. Macdonald is the director of the Of fice of I avajo :Sconomic Oppor­ tunity . H e reports to Sarge at � river ' s 1� ar on Pove rty ope ra t i on in :,h Washington � He d escribe s . the plight of the N avajo this way : "Conditions on the r eservation have re ached the stage � 1he r e no amount of give away programs, no amount of money , can correct t i e b asic inne r pove rty of the Nava jo. This is poverty of the soul. You s e e it eve rywh e r e and it is be coming especially evident in the young people. It ' s whe n someone says ' to he ll with everything, I ' ve given up' " MacDo�ald' s hope--and he is hope ful--is the education of young Nava jos in colle ges p lus job expe rience off the r eservation with the f undamental condition that they come back a fter a few years to he lp their trib e. H e also is helping· to lure light industry to the re servation . Largely Largely through his e f forts , the Fairchield Co . of San F rancisco , manuf actur e rs of e l ectronic e quipment, e stablished a factory 18 onths ago at S hiprock. It e mploys 400. Fairchiald was attracte d by t h e big available labor marke t and the fact that Indians have exceptional manual hand-to-eye d � xterity in working on tiny devices. A new demon� tration school opened this fall at R o ugh Rock. Financed by the O f fice of Economic Opportunity and headed by Rob e rt Russell on leave from Arizona State Unive rsity, it is on e of the most promising e nd e avors yet unde rtaken for th e Navajos . The de monstration school �Jill concentrate as much on bringing in adult Navajos for training and education as on youngs ters. There is an arts and cra fts department heade d by Ambrose R ori n h o r s e , fame d throughout the reservation for his j ewelry and l e a t her work. Th e Nava j o r e servation proha b ly will ne v e r attnact he avy industry and for one basic r e ason- lack of water • There are no railroads and the near e st e ast-west con t inental - highway is route 66 south of th e r � se rvation . As a tribe they are fairly we althy. They receive approximately $ 1 0 mil lion a ye ar f rom gas and oil royalties. The money is not distributed indiv i d na lly however, but ms used for t r ibal e xpenses including wel f ar e . The re are coll e ge scholarships for ambitious y o u!?-gs t e r s but f e w e v e r r e t urn . • �( 17.) NATIONAL INDIAN ARTS EXHIBITION ANNOUNCED The Scottsdale (Arizona) National Indian Arts Council, Inc . , will pres ent the sixth annu al National Indian Arts Exhibition on March 4th .... 1 2th, 1967, in Scottsdale . Classification cf entrie s under Secticn A (Paintings and S culpture) include Water Based Paintings, Paintings with New Vistas, Student Paintings, Special Student Competitfon, Sculpture, Experimental, and Drawings and Print s . Under Section B ( Crafts) the following classifications have been estab­ lished : Pottery, Textiles ( Constructed), Decorat ed Fabrics, Metals, Basket s , Carvings (other than s culpture ), Beadwork, Special Classif i cation, and Student Craft s . Po etry, Legends, an d Short St�ries have been set a s the c lassificaticns under Section C ( Creative 'Writing) . Entries for Sections A and B must be r eceived not later than Febrnary 1, 1967 . Entries for Section C must b e re ceived not later than January 15 , J 967 . Fonn.s and. mor e ] nformation may be obtained from : Scottsdale Nati onal Indi an Art s Exhi bition P . O . Box .381 Scott sdale, Arizona ( Submitted by a reader ) A DAY FOR THE AMERICAN INDIAN by Hubert H. Humphrey Vice President, The United States of America NEW Our people t s thinking helps determine our country ' s future . As we accurately recognize our national problems, we take a giant step forward. A c ase in point of the need for clear understanding is the "picture " in some people ' s minds · about the ft.merican Indian . Unfortunately, a remnant of a long-past era an image of a monosyllabic In<li au-:l n-war-bonnet widely persi sts. '!'his 11picture11 is unfair and damaging to a half million American citizens . When the French nobleman, Alexi s deTocqueville, vi sited the United States in the 1830 ' s and wrot e his piercing analysis, Demo cracy in America, he commented that the Indians were "a colony of strangers in the midst of numerous pecple. 11 I am pleased to have an· opportunity • • •t o help �iepel scme of the myths and fancie s that, regrettably, keep many American Indians "a colony of strangers " even today. The outmoded image of the American Indian doe s dis­ servi ce to the hundred s of Indian men and women who are leading citizens in our national life as scientists, educators, busine ssmen, industrialist s, artists, entertainers, and lawmakers . An even greater di sservice is done t� the less prominent but not les s important Indian people who live quietly among us i n o ur cities and suburbs, working diligently at jobs , striving to provide good educations for their children, and seeking above all to be a part of growing Ameri ca without having to sacrifice the unique heritage they bring to our varied culture . The Ind ians who still cling to reservation life, wary of the bewildering pace o f the outer connnuni ty and not aspiring to it are probably the ones who are injured mo st by perpetuation of the notion that Indian ways are 1 1 colorful . 1 1 They are too often regarded as a colle ctive national monument, an object o f curious intere st, like the ancient r.e�wood forests or the Grand Canyon . (Continue d on Page 18) - - �( 18 ) ( Con tinued from Page There i s no thing "colorful" about pover ty, 17) racial di s crimination, of preparedne s s for change tha t makes a minorit y fear and mi s tru s t or lack the inevit ­ able progre s sion o f the human race from one pha s e o f cultural and 6ocial accomp­ l i shment to the nex t . These are the shackles tha t tend to bind some 380 , 000 American ci tizens who are t he " re s ervation Indian s" of this decade . Because of such fe t ters , Indian men and women, the record of personal achievement for individua l over the pa s t century, is all the more notewor thy . A de s cendant of O s age and Kaw chiefs wa s Vice Pre siden t of the United S t a tes in the adminis tration of Herber t Hoover . Indians have fre quently held seat s in t he Hou se of Repre sen tatives -- and, indeed, in the 8 9 th Congre s s. there is a Sioux from Sout h Dako ta One of the world's grea te s t ballerinas is an Osage ; Indian ar ti s t s are so numerous that ver ten t ly- - o t hers of e qua l renown. to lis t bu t a few wou ld be to omit and - - inad­ In sport s , Indians have broken world r e c o r s . Indians in the armed services of t he United S tates include heroes who were pri­ va tes and heroes who were general s , es t tribute, De s pi te t he tremendous and glory of t h i s cou n t ry, lookers as and several have ear n e d t h e Congres sional Medal o f Honor. contributions tha t Indians have made to the grow t h mos t of their brethren are s t il l n o more the res t of the nation proceeds than on­ to build a truly Great Socie ty. In the his tory of Federa l - Indian rela tions uing s . the Na t ion's h i gh ­ there have been coun tle s s begin­ Programs and policies imposed in one era have been dis carded in the nex t . Some of the policies have had the be s t intere s t s of Indians at hear t. no t . Some have Bu t, regardle s s of mo t ive s , i t can be said wit h certain ty tha t no real answer s have yet been found people become part of the to this basic ques tion : How can all the Indian total spectrum of American po l i tical, nomic life wit hou t each one having to a s k himself the ques tion : t o be an Indian? " social and ecu­ " To be or not (Con tinued next mont h ) BISHOP VISITS INDIAN ISLAND The Most Reverend Peter L. Gerety, C ')adjutor Bi shop of th e Catholic Di1)cese Por t.l and, made an offi cial visitation at St . Ann ' s Pari sh, Indi an Island, Sund ay ( Decemb er 11th ) . The Bangor Daily News of De cember 12th showed a pic ­ ture of Bi shop Gerety talking with Tribal Governor Francis Ranco , Pastor Rumeo St . Pi e rr e , and Legi slative Repre s entative Jvbn Nelson . of IMPORTANT L �DIAN AFFAIRS BOOK PUBLISHED An il luminating book whi ch pr esent s some challenging ideas concerning Indian problems and Indian a dmini stration has come on the market recently. It is "must " reading for anyone connected with Indian affair s . The book was com­ piled by a blue-ribbon staff under the Commis sion on the Right s, Libertie s and Re sponsibilities of the American Ind ian . It wa s printed by the University of Oklahoma Pre s s under the title of " Th e Indian - Ameri ca ' s Unfinished Busine s s . " This compilation of ideas includ es the thoughts of William A . Brophy f former Commi s s ioner of Indian Affairs ) and Sophie D. Aberle, as major authors . Cthers include W. W. Ke eler, Karl N . Llewellyn, Soia Met s chikoff, Arthur M. S chles!nger, and o. Meridith Wilson . " The Indian - Ameri c a 1 s Unfinished Busine ss" can b e ordered from the Oklahoma Pre s s , University of Cklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, for $5 . 95 per co,y . ( From the Navajo Time s, 12/22/66 ) · The Indi an name for crer.barr�e s was " i-bimi ", meaning "bitter berry. 11 �\ . \i �\ \ \\ � \v \ . \ \1 /1 ; I I I �r I ? ./ ¢itA; :� \'/2' (./\� � ,..:· ��:.//;1\ ·; ,·'11 { / IF YOU WANT - - a free " st art er " sub scripti? .!1 to the Maine Indi an Newsletter ; ...-_ ;;; l''" 111r\ ' �·�- \ ' i;, I> \ .. -" � .\. / I I \ ../ rv '---- // � /, .,, <....__ _. _.. 7 7· 1:'/:1_...-:7 ,..- -�-;;.(jt?lj{_ _/; $jf;W!JI/ . fj \�T � � � \� - news of Indian affairs in �e and around the country; \ . \ - r_J - : · '\· - - .. \: ...:..---- --- to lmow what other --�-- � - .� ,r:�·=· :r·-- ;·\- tL------· \ · �doing, thinking and planning; .. \ L _ ..,, Tribes are >! 'I . �!��:�:� ��s-:j:_. ��: ::� �r h Post Office box I J FILL OUT THE SUBSCRIPrION SLIP BELOW .----FtJ { .... I . AND MAIL IT WITH NO MONEY TO : MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street Freeport , Maine 04032 (Also send in your suggestidns, c omment s , ideas, letter s , stori es, articles, complaints , jokes, cartoons, news it� , etc ! ! ! ! ) �s I would like a copy of th e Maine Indian Newsletter mailed to me each month : NAME � (P1- se p_ t� ____, -ea _ rin )----------------------------------�------�� � _ -__ MAILING ADDRESS �------�-- (ZIP Code , please ) {Send this slip to Maine Indi an Newsle tter, Pine Str eet , Freeport, Me . 04032) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �MAINE BULK RATE U.S. POSTAGE 2 7/8¢ PA ID INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street Fr eeport , Maine Freeport, Maine 04032 Permit N? . Colby Col le ge Lib rary Watervi lle , Me . 0490l 33 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Dec. 1966) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-473 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/2f018a61f09b320381da4bafbd1928a2.pdf aa59be112082ea22d536e864dd6158e6 PDF Text Text 7 E DECEMBER 1967 TO CONTINUE YOUR SUBSCRIPTION TO THE MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER WITHOUT MISSING A SINGLE INFORMATION-PACKED ISSUE! If you are . • • • • • ari INDIAN, living ON A RESERVATION IN MAINE, NOW receiving the Newsletter DO NOTHING! (You are known to be an ... Indian and will continue to receive the Newsletter free­ of-charge.) • • • * * * * * * * * * * • • • an INDIAN, NOT living on a Reservation in Maine," NOW receiving the Newsletter SEND IN TIIE SUBSCRIPTION SLIP ON THE LAST PAGE AND IDENTIFY YOURSELF AS AN INDIAN! (You will then continue to receive: the l!ewsletter free-of-charge.) ++++++++++++ • • • a NON-INDIAN, REGARDLESS of where you live,-NOW receiving the Newsletter SEND IN YOUR SUBSCRIPTION FEE, BASED ON THE FOLLOWING SCHEDULE, TOGETHER WITH THE . SUBSCRIPTION SLIP ON THE LAST PAGE! (Subscription Schedule: Regular - $2.00/year; Contributing - $5.00/year; Support­ ing - $10.00/year; Lifetime - $50.00. You will then continue to receive the Newsletter each month.) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ If you are not now receiving the Newsletter, but would like Maine's only state­ wide Indian-ne:wsletter mailed to you each month, fill out the subscription slip on the last page, in accordance with the above instructions, and mail it NOW to: MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street Freeport, Maine 04032 NOrE: Please make sure to include your ZIP Code with your address when mailing in a subscription. We must use the ZIP Codes in order to qualify fo� our bulk mailing permit • . Since August, 1966, the Newsletter has been distributed free-of-charge to all interested persons, financially supported by a few generous pe·: : both within and outside of Maine. Now the Newsletter hopes to become self-supporting through subscriptions from non-Indians, so that Indians may continue to receive each issue .free-of-charge. All the labor of typing, mimeographing, assembling and addressing will continue to be donated by intet'ested volunteers. - Editor �t> (2) RESERVATION NEWSPAPER STARTED ·::J I. �-=-==I (_ <: PTI.INCETON - The Wigwam Weekly is the newspaper of the Indian Township Passamaquoddy Reservation, Princeton, Maine. Its objective is to aid this Indian community's development' through better communication. The staff of the Wigwam Weekly consists of Indians and the two Indian Township VISTA (Volun­ teers in Seryice to America) Volunteers, Future issues of the Ueekly will keep track of the Reservation's latest news events, give editorial space for Indians and interested non-Indians to voice their opinions, feature Indian stories, list job opportunities, give Tribal reports, display Indian art work, and sponsor an eJcchange column with the Pleasan t Point Passamaquoddy �eservation, Perry, Maine. In order to cover printing and mailing expenses, ·wigwam Weekly readers living of£ the Reservation are being asked to buy a subscription to the news­ paper. All Indian families on the Reservation receive free copies th�t are distributed by the Indian Community Action Program. Therefore, if you are interested in receiving the �iJigwam Jeekly each week and keeping up with the latest news from this Passamaquoddy Indian Reserva­ tion, please send your name and address (remember the ZIP Code) and subscription . fee as follows: v!IGWAM HEEKLY One (1) month Three ( 3 ) months - 12 issues Box 212 4 Issues 35 ¢ $1.00 Princeton, Maine 04668 - The 3rd issue of the Weekly, dated December 19th, carried stories on "NAACP Seeking More Voice for Indians in State ;Legislature;" a Community Action Program report by CAP Aide Morris Brooks; advertisements for Reservation dress­ making and baking; announcements of Christmas movies, a cotmnunity and a children's party; a "Spotlight" feature on George Wiseman, freshman at St. Francis College in Biddeford; and a report on the newly-formed Indian Township Passamaquoddy Boy Scout Troop. TOO LATE TO CLASSIFY - James Schoenthaler, former assistant coordinator for the State's Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) and State Manpower Coordinator, under OEO, was sworn in on December 27th as Chairman (and Commissioner) of the Maine Employment Security Commission. A frequent visitor to the 3 Reservations in connection with the Tribes' OEO and VISTA programs; as a member of Governor Curtis' Indian Community Assistance Committee; and most recently with Mr. Orval Packard, Indian Advisor to the U. s. Dept. of Labor in Washington; Mr. Schoenthaler will be able to be of continuing service to the Indians of Maine in his new capacity. - Mr. George Stevens, Sr., father of .Indian Township Governor John Stevens, was one of those interviewed by Portland Press Herald writer William The November 19th Sunday Langley in a recent "man on the street;1 series. Telegram quoted Mr. Stevens, a World War I veteran, as believing the U.S. is right to be in Vietnam. "If we give our word to someone, we should keep it," he said. "And I think our government is concerned about Communist expansion." - On Decembe� 27th, Governor Curtis and the Executive Council approved a loan of $5,000 from the state's Construction Reserve Fund to the Dept. of Indian Affairs to pay for preliminary engineering and design work for water and sewer­ age facilities at Pleasant Point and Indian Township. This preliminary work will make up a major portion of the Reservation Housing Authorities' application for funds from· the Economic Development Administration. Once the sewage and water projects are funded, the design cost will be repaid from combined state and federal funds for which the Authorities are applying. �- 3 Detroit i ·an, anslaughter. continued from IJage 12) � The judge said th he was sorry for Tompkins as for anyo e he had e er sent:rnced. Judge J.r ch i b a lJ c::.�1:-.-�.rently we.s J.111pressed �11.th Tor.i11kins' art talent and a.sk"d him how he had acquired his talent . ToL1rokins se.id he h�d ricked it up on his own but that he read books on ichel3n�elo and �ewurandt. . At a preliminary hearing in di s tr ict court at Presque Isle Oct. 10, testimony di ··closed that Ann 'lOiilpl:ins 1rns beaten � � to death after a vani lla - d rinkin� \bout Oct. 2 in B lai ne. EDITORIALS EDITOR • • • • EUGENIA (THOM.Jill) THOMFSON (Penobscot) The Maine Indian Newsletter is Maine's only state-wide Indian ne�sletter, and including this issue has been free of (Besure and read this month's cover page to ensure your receiving the January issue.) charge. News and stories may be subaitted to the Newsletter for publication at the following address: Pine Street Freeport, 04032 865-4253) haine, (Telephone: Letters to the Editor are welcoi.1e but JJtust conform to the They must bear the writer's rules required by every newspaper. correct na�e and address although pen nafues are permitted at the discretion of the Editor. though names will be 11 lett�rs uust be Preference will be given to letters not over length. signed 1ith held from publication on request. 350 .rnrds in Letters are subject to condeasation or editing when space limitations require �nd to correction of gra.lilil1er or obvious errors. x x x x x x x At a recent meeting with a State Senator the subject of The comri1ent was u1ade that "that the Princeton Strip arose. Most anyone was no place for anyone to be living anyway." seeing the Strip for the fiBst time would probably agree9 reservation land which allows However there is nearby alittle more s.:ace between the highway and the .lake which would make a beautiful place to put up homes, if the Indians of their land. could be allowed to use alitt1e Slums are presently being torn down in Fortland and no one has su��ested that these people move to sowe other part of the state because they will find living conditions better there; likewise, move away I see no reason �hy Princeton Strip Indians should from the area they choose to ••1ake their ho.file in. Complete assimilation would solve one problem, but' isn't just alittle too much of these people, when so ·aany of us take it for granted that we can live were � please? this asking �- 4 LETT RS Dear Editor: I would like to receive the Maine I nd��n Ne isle tt.r, �nd · would you send one to Mr. Joseph H. Nicholas, • • • and S. F. C. F ranci s J. Nic h ol as, • • • who h as 4 1Jore 1.1onths in Vi etn am . • • · • :le just carie back froltl r·i a i ne. ! y brother, Jo s e ph L • .B assett passed away Nov. de all went to 25th, 1967. th e fu neral. Yours tr uly, Mo r g aret Nichol as �. Sp rin g Lake, of x x x x Dear �.trs. x x N.C. x Thompson; lvir. E dw a rd Hinkley spoke here last ni ;:. ht on ti1e sub ject i"!aine Ind ian s . He le ft with us a c o y y of y o ur "Haine Indian 1 News and t old Letter" all the I of y ou r hope of Indi a ns by �eans e ncl o se a of f or check for Jill you send it te n do llars. regularly to ce at the above addres s, li ke a subscription cleliv"ring it free to :2p0 subscriftions. o ur I 'd lle_se? �lso Southwest Harbor Library �here it will be put in a conspicuous p lace to catch any intarested eye. _ The r e filaining six d o llars can help on your e x�e nse s any There is a way you cho o se . His last was a no v el out one and Roni vulture Or you mig_t want to �riter th· t do you know Frank · send a copy to someti�e; r e ligi on. you could write hiG in a ter � ' b o oks? before that he did one on the I believes he lives in Tao·s, care of Sage Bo oks, Denvur, N.l'l. ColoraJo. I l ook forward to re ading y o u r N ew slett � r . yours, Very truly bary Coates Southwest Harbor, x Dear Mrs. x x x x x x Thom1)son: °' My husband has been away from the reservation -'Jany years a11d so he certainly enjoys receiving �e try kn o w some haine to your Newsletter. g e t back there about every five ye�rs, of the so I pe o�le you srite aboutalso. Thank you for the Newsletter. l"!r. x Dear E dito r , x x x x x Banks Cal. . I received the Maine Indian l1 1ews let. tJ r, Some time Viz. the issues Na y and ago x Ja ues B. & Mrs. Torrance, June , but Please keep s endi n g the Ne wsl e tte r. I f yo u charge suoscription, please tell l I'd like to see a bett e r as requested. I 'm afraid not thereafter. future for all In d i an s ; You are on the move ! Yours s incer ely, Dick Gevers, R otterd am, (Continue d on ;-;age 5) , The Netherlands. �(Iii:TT�P..S, - C .i!.di tor's note: be forwarded to - The issues which you did not re ceiir e T hank you for notifying Lte.) you. X Dear - 5 C on t ' d from ;�ap;e 4) X .A X X X ,-Jill X irs. Thompson: ,.1,.roup li"le \;ere r· r i vile g ed to Edw�rd Hinckley speak on I ndian rff�irs in l�ine. At a recent rueeting of our tear kr. a co9y of your Maine Indian Ne�slett2r, we find most interesting. Je hope this sra�ll contrioution will help to covar some your publishing costs� he left with us which of Sincerely yours, 11ild1�et.:. Uo L. Calllf' ;c 11 �n's Fellowshi� �t ari an - Univers�li-t Church Ne.shua , New Haw.!_:shire. Un X X A X. X X X Dear Hrs. Thom¥son: For sobeti;.1e now I hav e been enj .Jyin� t.ie 1-�;: ine Indi..::.n Newsletter and ha ve wanted to congratulate on �·our fi e job. ;nclosed is a check for a su bscription for the c o1.!.lin g yec...r. �bout 1950 I began to cl1::1 a:;d kee::. all ntMspap �r Erticles that I cou l d find concerninr raine Indi�ns. �ven after I left I�aine � . oi"1 e friends con t in u e d to send me c-.rticles so I was able to keep abreast of events concerning the haine Indian. h01.:-1ever, durin the J:ast few years I ave not be e11 a.0le to kee� as close contact with uy �any �ine friends as I ' ould I Delieve like, and I n ave not been gettillg all ne MS ite: is-. tLat these clippings l'ill be of historical iui.._ ortc:l.nce for anyone .JiD ;in._\ to do research on 1 aine Indiaris !hn future years. I h a v e included obituaries for their value in • e1eolo�y. I 1ould appreciate it if you or pe�haps any re-der� tal:e the ti e to send I also have in ·ould clipr:inr;s to we. y :f ile s .-1hat I believe to )e co,,t:.}lete --<mo ..>cots and ::-:neland, the Color: y of , In 1954 er 5 the State L.assachusetts and the St&te o I - ine. of l"-1aine offered to p u b l i s h the..i if I vJOuld '.ive t·1eill to t.he State. I felt that I l 1 ad IJUt in a good Je.:11 o· ti .. e and �1oney to give in tracing the� doth, copying them, etc, �nd refuse theiJ to the State. Howev�r, I hav e always said thc.t I ·,:o-uld make these documents av�ilable to the Indians any ti�e they hy fil s incltde t he thou ... ht that they might need. them. fir,,t land deed bet w een iiaine Indi . n ..:nd nonindian settler and so e c curt ca"' ..;s J eal i n P.; .-fi l Ii i·-aine Inc� i· .ns. treaties 1ade bet.teen •. I have enclosed an article iro • ..1 the /at-..rto\/n _t'L1e .., that i.:7q:';e 11. -Ed.) One of your i ssues contained an article about the Indian tribal governors making a visit to an Iro1hois reserve. At the Kinzua Dam project where the new homes 1ere constructe<J., an article recently published by New York state says tha t . the Indians who ·10ved into the new h o u s e s .bad nevQr been as sick as they were t at winter- colds and sore throats due to the dry condition of the hot air he2tiug an d g e n er al l y air tight construction. Did you kno·.� that TJen Fran klin offered t�1e Iroquois to I thou,�ht would interest you. (Continued on page 6) (See article on · �- 6 (LETTERS Cont'd from page 5) take some of their young men and train them in the white schoo s? I don't recall the exact wordina but the reply �as to this effect: We will take an equal number of y.our boys . and train them to be MEN. Needless to say this ea�±y attempt at exchange students fell through. Before I close I would like to leave you \:ith one idea for thought. For a nucber of years now I have been trying to think of ways -for Indians and nonindic.ns to be. ,in to underst�nd one another better. It 1asn't too dany years ago that a friend of .::iine who lived in •"'J lforcl uut was broadi.ninded enough to allow his children to play with Indian clildren had a couple youngsters in the house one d&y. The visiting neighbor from across the river pointed to·.-.1a:cd liis ho e and saiLl, nFeo:;ile live here, Indians live thcrc.11 This little · enobscot about 6 already felt that there w�s L decide difference between the peo:ole on the Penob ;cot �eserve nnu tl10.se on the otherside of the ··.ra t�r. The first Thanksgiving y.fas a ti.w.e when Indians and non­ Indic::.ns feasted together and the relationahip beb1een the tuo was good. Several times I have sugg,ste that I thou�ht it would be nice to have a si1i1ilar type of celeoru.tion. The experts here in New York say it won't work. Are they ri ht? For alon ti�e I've remei�hered a younrster fro� leter Dana's Point who never go enough to e�t. One lay shortly before ·.rhan'ksgivint, he asked we if I could 0ive hi...:1 a turl ey. Tiraes were not the best for ille then and I didn't think th�t I could do it, but it is soLlething that I h�ve always wished I could have done, not only for him but for all the reserve Indi&ns in Maine. Guess I'm just an ideali�tic drcLmcr. Sincerely yours, Nicholas S;,1ith Plattsburch, New York � · .. x x x x x x x (Editor's note: The Newsletter receives several lett,rs each month requesting news clippings and general information regarding the Indians in Haine and the North East. Usually ;;_y an•::nfier is limited to a Newsletter or a fact sheet on iia.ine Indians and occasi011alJy by a lettt=r. I would like to do Llore but it is due to lack of time, and nothing else that any answer to these letters are so brief. Yo� see,· I ubtk full time and my husband and I have t�o young children to whom we devote all the time we can, in addition to the Newsletter. x x x x x x x Nr. and 11rs. Thompson: Irr the Bath-�runswick Times-necord of Nov. 14, I read of the riaine Indian Newslett'=r• If thei�e is a lot of. reading about the �aine Indians I would be very much interested in subscribing. Could you tell me more about it. I live in Bath, Haine, • • • but COLfle to Pa. for the winter with my Daughter who has & home at this address. Are there any good books published about Old Town and re:-,ervation? Sincerely, Harriet F. Denniso�, Harrisburg, Pa. (Cont'd on page 7) • �- 7 (Letters, Continued -(Editor's note: Penobscot subject to from page 6l There are several books in print about the Indians. Some of their factual infor�ation is questioning, but generally they are 3ood in th�t they give the re<:der a general idea of how the i·enobscot lived in the �ast and how he has adjusted to the encroachment of tl!e nonindian. Among other .nlaces these books a.re available at the Mnine State Library in Aubu..:;ta, Haine and at the I-Laine Historical Society, Congress Street, Portland, Maine. 485 Old John Neptune Hardy �ck.storm. Maine Indians Research Club, and Other Maine In History And Legends, Frank G. Speck, Philadelphia (1940). Indians - Maine, from 1911 to C ollections,, 1935 Writers I ortland, University of iiairie Iennsylvania found at the Maine Historical Society. iiaine Historical Society, Penobscot, volu1ile upon volume Fassamaquoddy .:ind the Indian tribes that used to live in Maine, which were eventually wiped out or driven to Canada. I could go on, but this should suffice until next month.) x x Dear Editor, The letter from drs. Enable (Au�ust-September, enlightening one. In the past (1952). a scrapbook Collection of Hews�?al_)er Clip:tJinfs full of information on the several other by Fannie (1945). by the Maine Severn<vylie-Jewett Company, Penobscot Man, Press, Indian Shamans, The Southworth-Anthoensen Press x x :z x x Sylvia Thomrson regarding :iroject 1967, issue) was definitely an I have some tii'1e s questioned the f eclsioility of such proe;rams as Project Enable which e.. 1ployed J .rs. - Thorupson as "Social _ ide". It often seems once the })erson has been employed and has received tr,ining, has received financial and eu1otional benefits from this ei.i:_ loyc1ent, the project questioned ceases to exist by not being re-funded. tl1e wisd0i11 of such seem to lift one up just to B.owever, as person, I read and re-read tJirs. and, "an I can see th�t she has grown � to thut she has become even closer to her children, perha�ru.ost important of all, she hc..s realized that Indian has just as much right in this world as anyone else.11 This letter brousht home individual can fa me, fersotjally, that if-one find the way to a better and more satisfying life from involvement in such a progr&w must be others. The project, therefore, a ·tremendously worthwhmle goal, that letting him do·m. ·rhornp3on 1 s staternent of has learned that all kinds of peo�le listen to her, tl1 t 1-;rojccts as they so often ue followed by her feelings about the probrru�, as a I as this, then there has accom1lished even if not refunded, and is the realization of the basic worth and dignity of the individual. Sylvia Thompson, for your lett8r, and Indian i'iewsletter, for rerrin,t;ing it. }1ost sincerely, Thank you r�s. t.hank you , Maine tMrs;) Anne D. Loth Freeport, Haine �- 8 Re: Day, .Septe Indian Jaine Helen Caldwell Cushi::1an, on sev�r&l occasions Feat ure Falls, Mrs. Jri t er the for f�ine. who hRs contribut ed Livermore Falls The following are congra tula t es Mrs. it :ms a sugr· es t ing deliGht ed are t ha t t ha t and t hanks her grdteful for her of Maine. 1.__ 11erican Indian Day fine idea and wrot e he proclaim such a w .... s 21 '!le erve'"t. oiJ noted de to Governor i,enne t h Curtis Jay in Ca.:'..ne. he had already taken not ice of has procla.imed Sept ember by The Newsle t t er iveek while s t udyinis· for t h coming holid2.ys, in l.llany st at es, t hour:.>ht de Livermore­ wri t t en Indian Day Caldwell Cushman) Last promo tion us. Indians American n H ele t ha t in the bdver t iser, the Advert iser. to uc. t c-rit..l the Editor and t wo edi t orials Cushman on her t he edit orials cont inuing int erest 2lr.t t he Newsle t t er is no� Cushman and a�pe aring in for sending �y to .ber We 11ere and t he day, as .Ar1erican Indi&n Day in,..the S t a t e of Maine. b �e hope that our cit izens will mark the d�y by r mehl ering all Governor Cur t is' t he American Indians. we owe t ha t and proclar11ation follows: u, 1967 Sep t eillber Dear 11rs. CushL1an: Thank you very much which y(1U make reference Day in office by the in Maine, t hree governors of was decided it Indian Day in t h� t inform you to pleased my proclail.lling lu'il8rican to this b cr 21 to my tribes as i'·1aine t•Jis rrocla­ £or your considera tion. EL was honor t heri1 and make Your int erest Indian end a co. y of Ivtaine, I agree wit h your coLJnen t s concernin·f t ha t in Indic.n visit recent on a t he various _proclaim S e j_) t e u.t to t he S t a t e of rua t ion is enclosaJ I felt 7 of Sept e ·ber for your let t ,r Maine. of the S t a t e I am le t tar sm<: 11 -..ray in })art t hem feel is hla t t .Jr in this .1hich of Indic.l.ns, t he we t he und could officially :.)t ::: t� of l'Iaine. e;re<.l t ly a:•'\n·ecia t eJ.. Sincerely, Kenneth M. Curtis Governor bu t (The f?ROCLJ\.l'-ii\.TION followed it was -Ed. ) included in the x Following is Indian Day: will not August-�eptember x x x Cushrnan 's second ,edit orial re: 1'irs. b S ep t em er 21 is American Indian Day . proclaimed by Governor Kenne th Curt is. should pauce all Ar.iericans. t ook i t our The from t rea t ies to reflect land and all them. made In wit h t ru t h our second class Araericans. ( Continued on page 9) on our t he Newsle t t er. x x x be re· 1rin t ed since is s ue of It I t is great debt A.i11erican has been so day �vhen we a to t he first its weal th v.ras t heirs. �Je many cases we have shaMefully abroga t ed t he Indians. citizens. They Th e y are have been in all the only native �- 9 (Continued- from Dage 8) Our knoHle&ge of the woods we ootaine d fro ..J our Indians. Our love of the lakes and streaLls, our ability to naddle crnoes c me from our Indians. Without their help and skill, our � firLt colonists would never have survived tho e first terrfuble winters. .F'rora them vrn not only learned ·::hat to ··.ile.nt, but how to plant it. Our fondness for campin6, our love of the out of doo!s, our determination to 1reserve our wilderness are all a precious heritage left to us by our Indians� Let us p· use this day to honor them, and to make sure that at long last they will begin to be tre�ted ·s they so well deserue. x x x x x x x (The following vas mailed to Don Gellers, an attorney in Eestport, who saw merit in the article and foru a rded it on th the �ewsletter. The 'leusletter sends thanks to both Mrs. Simnons , for ;vriting the article , and to Don, for sending it along to us.) Our American Indian The luu�rican Indian should be recognized as an ir;1_1_Jort2nt cultural part of our /-1.1.ierican herital�e, filling a niche in the true pattern of our natural existence. God is no dis­ cri� inator of _er :ons because of color of skin �nd,as Be is the creator of rnc.nking, v1hen we discriminate, ue ar-2 op� osing His _attern of creation. , l�ybe some things are not a such uhy it is the. t one 1 for us to know, designated .an is �.,.hite <. dif.i:erent color, �1erha··1s yellor1, blc...ck or bro1m. all are created fro the eleuents of the e .rth. a a nd .::.notller ilan . But basically, by should pig.wcnta.tion of skin cause so much trouble and injustice? If '7e care to observe and i.1edita te on the � •.uierican Indian we c�n find a lot of skill and talent th�t he possec.ses 11hich proves nature she besto1s doesn 1t discriwinc>.te 11hen gifts upon mankind. we kno'·.r that "/hen one tllinl-s of little childre11 loves all of them. Indian iJaby? precious, The a In His eyes tliey are all merican p;ood loyal as well as Italian 1�.i.....ricans? ways of livin for? • or Greek dhy is and Aoerica is supyosed to Man yet all are a hav� does. spoil th� barrel._ people we shall �hite f lnws and failings' to brothe ·s. man's mind. How stand right people is rotteness to le , a.rld Men filay be Discrir.lination against a race of the desire \fho deuocracy? They say that one rotten apple will If we examine a om traditions Indian is a human being and should different in certqin �ays, as ·Tho ar8, their They observe clnd to their on it any difi�rent from far,lilies, uphold his die;nity just as a �hite kinds of an loveable and sC:tnitntion, tte riDht to hold Isn't this what Freedom for all The as equally. tribal customs and traditions. · just Indian people deserve e;ood hoJ1es, c ha nce to learn, our God ilho c · n turn away with repro:1·ch at including maybe, ; in a find all •:orst of all, set themselves up over other r�c�s. m�ny Indians bla�ed for drin.in� �nd (Continued on a s l a ck wny of _age 10) / �- 10 (Our ... meric.J.n Indian, in g e.. :istence are do continued from ya;�c 9) any worse than so many of rJUr ,1l1it e people? Look a t our slu..i areas. How many white drunl:.:...rds do we find? You must not care what your neighbor thinks of you if you uphold what is riGht. This means not speakinG with a forked tongue, spewing out the false doctrine of racial in­ equality ju�t to be agreeable. Either you are for fair treatment for our American are you for? Universal peace Indians or you are not. Jhich for mankind calls for coo,er�tion. l true recognition of our Indian people as a v.ho e \/ould a be A ste�:. toward better relations in our orm country. Tl is is only one step on that long read toward "Peace on "Sarth" but that long journey, like every journey begins uith a single step. He hasn't forgotten any of His creations and we can't because the change for peace a�ong hlen is slip�ing afford to, away fi>om us. Gloria. iia.tthevJS Caron Simmons i11r ine Rockl· nd, x x PASSAr'lA�UODDY Tovmship) x x x x i'H�1·JS - Morris Brooks x (Peter Dana foint, Indian High School Bquivalency Tests High School Equivalency 'I'ests were held on Dece1'ber and Maine. 9th at �achias, the five dollar fee would most likely ment of Indicin Affairs.) l�. be 8th, was told th�t (The Newslettar �aid by the Depa�t­ the superintendtnt of Ross, if the schools was planning to look into the matter to see This would tests could be given at Peter Dana Point. depand on how many people would be taking the tests from the 0oint. This would benefit everyone who takes tLe tests especially the youni:;er for uork. 1ho soueday might go down country to look ·,eople It'll make a lot of difference if certificate in his or her h�nd �hen applyinb a person has a for Parish Hall To Be Built At Dana A meeting Parish Hall. so the work �ill be spring. That wil,l mean }:-ierre, Township), and l'·lr. jobs for anyone wbo attending were Rev. Cole!.ian Governor John Steuens a me1aber of started in the v::tnts to uork. O''foole, Rev. Romeo (Passamc:tquoddy, and members of his Council, Felletier, -Ed.) It �as unanimously agreed tbat it nus too late in the season, St. _'.)oint. should begin on to set the 4ate on when the construction Those the Bishop 1 s itdministration. beano g Point was also sit,ncd by the Governor and Counciih·. beano game uas held la.st sa turday and the little over si xt y dollA.rs Indi2n the Church Council, An a_pplication for a license to hold a job. rn.s held at ""eter Dana Point two weeJ;:s ae,o (This item v1as received the first of Dece.. ,:ber. j the new a which will mes o.t The U1e first proceeds cu.1,e to go to the Church. hope to double that amount this week-end. (Continued on page .le �- 11 �assarua!uo<ldy �e0s Continued from page � Morrii Brooks) 10 Dana ?oint School Children �ake Eus Trip Children at the Dana Point School took a holiday trip llliine on Deceuber 16 with the help of Gene Stevens who volunteered to take them do11n in the sch ol bus. to �anger, � The children were met by the students from High School who escorted them.around the city. They visited Freesets Santa Claus. Box lunches derartment John Bapst store where they met vere prepared for the thirty-seven children. The children were in Bangor all day. This trip provided the first visit to Bangor for mo.· t of the children. I want to thank the people who we�e so generous �hen N2.ry w Point. .=nt ar und the Strip and when I did likerlise at the �very one was more than willing to help the Sisters set this up. Stude ts frofu I also �ant to thank the Sister& dnd tbe John Bapst for making this possible. 70 for the childrens trip brought in well over Strip and -:eter Dana Point:_,r;: · ·· ·rn A collection dollars from the High School Equivalency Tests f."ia.rtha Newell, Rich Nary Fillen Sockabesin, ,Jalter Gabriel· and rd D .na are taking high school equivalency tests in 'aine, l�chias, the last day of the t�dt&. this, The results will not be known until tlio we ks, they get in touch nrith after the Der art..:llent of Bduc�.tion in .'_ugu·_;ta. Good luck to them! X THE OLD IND L�N IS J T IT AGJ X X X· X IN - Indian sees the X PR0D ICTS B ITT-:H (From the ··1atertown Daily Times, An old X ·Jatertovm, Hew .v IN'l1 �.R :J.li;ATH�R. York.) i.llusJ;:rat sign and se<.ys east2rn Ontario is in for one of the severest winters in uany ye.:....rs. Jocko, says trapj_)ed by 86 �ho at reserve, Abrahar wall island is oldest resideut oi the dorn­ the thickness of muskrat hides Indians on the reserve tell hiui uinter vrill be "long and very cold." He predicts snow eight feet deep. And he says it will not warm u� until next July. Jocko's forecast are also based on the height of Nr. the corn, grown oy Indians along the St. Besides the corn and the ri1ui=;;krat, Lawrence. he keeps an eye on the "night moon.n La.st year lir Jocko took a look at hi� 11.:::s deep as two tall horses" would fall. :. Total inches, corn and said snow snowfall for eastern Ontario la.:,t winter was· 97. 4 more than a foot above normal. His general forecast for the winter is bitterly cold wec.>.ther beginning early Novewbe-r Hith snow beginning anytime It will now and becoming heavier throuch Deceu1ber and Janudry. keep co.nin� until April, accordin� to the corn, the muskrat, the nie;ht i.1oon and Ibraham x x x Jocko.· x x x x �- 12 - THANK YO U The three I P o r t land Z on t a C l u b s e 11 i n g ma c h in e s al s o Pa s s aiHa q u oct . ·; y am P l e a s an t Point and c h an c e r e ad i n � much t he t h is f o un J the to say C o�mn i t y t o Me mb e r s t h ank •. f e s e nd in g t h e of the like to ge t All to these I to Pas s amaq u o d d y � e s e rv a � i o n s . �. i <l e ma c h i n e G , c a n s a y is t hank Bd s e w i n g ma t e r ia l a n d f orwar d i n g i t ;ur c h e s i n s _ or t l an d � o n t a C l u� you n o te . viou l d oi InJi n c� t t hank y o u v e r y m u c h f o r y o u r he lp . l1 l s o , al l o c � t i o n s Pass a�aq u o d Jy In d i an C o J1:: uni ty J-. c t i o n I want h e l p i n G w.e & n d t h e any for for by if s h o u ld be t hank y o u s o H in c kl e y ' s E d H in c kl e y mot her for for them Ind ian � e s e rv 2 t i o n . S in c e r e ly , :S l i zc:. b e t h !i . S t an le y C omwun i t y A c t i o n Ple a s a n t Pe r r y , X T r yi n g f or ;us test of Tr e e cases Le ga l p o or , ann o un c e d c h� l le n ge Re ad in s si s t an c e t aine ' s is G o v e rnu1e n t ab o u t this a 1 io d e rn ( F r om it to the L'ls t thi s we t he m on t h on I X a and t o h e ar see to x x x GETS Ma i n e T ompk i n s , death in t he as his wife . b e fore in X the 8� (AP ) f.h·e x x TO 20 YEARS Thurs day t o on a Indian few x i f a l l the and p le a d e d e i gh t r e du c e d gu i l t y t r ue be would and ar t i c l e s and X 40 F� . In d i ..,,n s . of impr e s s i on s 35th S t . , Ne x t the ' p r o b ram x FOR S LAY ING . , IFE . Tompkins , and a half c ha r r e had b e e n 3 8 -.ye ar.- o ld b l on d e of a • Pa s s a�a q u o J u y r e s e rv a t i on x o rphan , I n d i an ) s arue o f N e w . York , a n to Be r c. c i c.� l � r i d e . y o u r n e ws Ri c ha r d A l e xan d e r Pr i s o n an He thick ; Pa ss a m a q u o d dy for 1 1 H ow x X the of � .llle r i c or i n : - J a n u a ry • .:. X x 11v or.mn 27 , to of Detroit 2 0 years o f man s la u0ht e r . ' i t h mu r d, e r c harf.i:e ci he ll a d t o ma ns l a u gh t e r identified Thursday C o un t y & t t o rn e y C e c i l H . Jarae s P . Ar c h i b a l d . f o l l owin g i n s t r uc t i on s f r om a t t o r n e y G e n e r a l Jam e s to s a i d t h& t h e h a d n o ob j e c t i o n t o & p l e a o f gu i l t y Ju d ge B u r l e i gh , Erwin , or pr e s e n t . . was sentence d here i n Mai n e S t a t e I La } o r t e .iC extra a. 11 :.. : X s li d e s wre i n c lude d x HJ\N c ourse b y G e o r Re t hem X drive x 1 , 1 1/10/67 ; p. s e nd those DE TRO I T c on c e r t e d a. · tl e o f p o in t s . ins t i l l we r e by H ou l t on , new a to y o ur Ne w s l e t t � r of for Jan uary 1 s Ne us le t t e r . x mo n t h r e a d s ome P ine f or l �wye r s of p opular Pine x Journ a l , t a lk ab o u t a wo s t rnd in x t h e C ommu n i t y C hu r c h c ha n c � the x Ne� e r t h e l e s s , In N o v e mb e r of S p oke sfile n prov ide n uub e r i: lans hand wiJ:.l � . try ·. t o in.t lud e had to c omrue n c e we n t a Ne�r n l e t t e r was a lr e nd y w on t h . e x c e p t i on . Ne w s le t t e r x a r t i c le s one p r o g r aiill3 , drive s e eks Wall S t re e t s ub m i t t e d X " J c c u l t u ra t i on a l Ps y c h o l ogy , " I n d i an " ; t he X �c x c on s u l t an t c a ll e d no 1 r o � rarn l a w on x purils , i Ia in e . X s e rv i c e s recen tly the pr e s e n t A X le0al s t a t ewide 1.1 0 r e X rapid ly b e c o raing r e c r e a t i on Tre e , to is X i �e P o i n t R e s e r va t i on ( C on t in u e d on page 3 ) �100N NAIDE::."IS To b e come a b a l l e r ina it may no t be neces s ury to have Ind ic=m 'h lood A 'l<l come from .Okl ahoma . But i t i s amaz ing that of the few nat ivP A:�er .l.. c an b�·, 1. "!.c:r in as wr o have e arned in ternat iona l re cogn i t ion , at l ea s t f ive are Llklaho�.�n� a � d a l l f ive p ar t Ind ian . I n Tu l s a la s t we ek , a s t h e c l imax of a year - lo � � e 1 � br� t ion of i t s 60th year as a s ta t e , Oklahoma s aluted i t s famous dancin b dat.' �h t e r s , R o s e l l a Hightower , Mar j or ie Tal l chie f , Yvonne Chouteau and Mos c e l :;ne Lur·· in , wi th a ceremonial b a l le t , H The Four Noon s . " Actua l ly , young Cheroke e composer Lou i s B a l l ard had pro j e c t e d "Five Moon s , " but the mo s t famous o f a l l Amer ican b a l l er inas , Mar i a Ta l l chi e f , Marj or ie ' s s i s ter , had to r emain a t home in Chi cago t end ing her papo os e . " I t wou l d h.:l�n� b eeT\ wond erful to par t i c ipat e , 1 1 she s ays . "At l e a s t my s i s ter i s there r e pre s ­ en ting the Tal lch i e f s . " But four such i l lu s t r ious moon maidens were more � � ,an enough t o trans form the v i s ion of anc ient trib a l g lory int o grace fu l , dr am­ a t ic movement s . From the ir provincial beg inning s in the sma l l towns of C�lahoma , the s e g ir l s branched ou t to con quer the dance cap i t a l s o f the wor ld Mis s Larkin t o l d NEWSHEEK ' s Phi l ip D . Car ter : "For thous ands of ye ar s Indi ans have expr e s s e d thems e lv e s pr imar i ly through d ance . I t was natura l f '1r me . " Mar j or i e Ta l lchie f remember s that " i t was the cus tom in our tribe to get toge ther and dance in the roundhou s e s . " And Yvonne Chouteau confe s s e s that " I become s o emo t iona l l y invo lved i n my var ia t i on ab out the ' Tra i l o f Te ar s ' tha t my hu sband was afraid I ' d s c alp the near e s t whi te man . " In Europe , where Indians have b een ob j e c t s of cur io s i ty s ince Pocahontas , Mar i a Tal l chi e f u s e d to be b i l le d as " Pr inc e s s . " Be ing Indian s aved Ro s e l la H::. g h tower from s evere embarras smen t on a r e cent China tour . " I was trave l l ing on a French p a s spor t when they l e arned I was Ame r i can . I t was a b ad. moment . Thm I t o ld them I was an Ind ian , and suddenly I was a vic t im of Ame r i can socie ty , a member of a dmm trodden race .. and treated be t t er than anyone e l s e . " Thi s week , " The Four Noo n s " goe s to Okl ahoma Ci ty for i t s l a s t per forman�e and probab ly the farewe l l appearances toge ther of Oklahoma ' s Indian bal l er inas . Bu t they are n o t l ike ly to b ecome a van i s hing bree d . Among them , the dancer s have s ix chi ldren , a l l whooping i t up on the dance pat h . (From New swe ek Ma� a z ine , 1 1 / 6 / 6 7 ) • • • • JOINT HOUS ING PROJEC T BRINGS NEW HOMES TO ALASKA TOWN OF HOONAH The Southe a s t ern A l a ska Ind ian town of Hoonah has received approva l for con s tru c t i on of 15 home s on a mutua l -he lp b a s i s . The loan o f $ 187 , 0 6 7 was made to the Alaska S tate Hous ing Au thor i ty .A} by the Depar tmen t of Hous ing and Urban Deve lopmen t . (AS P · The mutua l -he l p hou s ing proj e c t provide s f o r coopera t ive cons truc tion o f t h e homes by Hoonah re r id en t s . Tenan ts wi l l pay rent un t i l the loan is re t ired at which t ime they wi l l r e c e ive t i t l e to the home s Par t i c ipant s in the program contr ibute the ir labor and l�nd . Paymen t s are b a s ed o n the ab i l i ty of t h e people t o pay , and 1 5 t o 20 ye ar s i s requ i red to r e t ir e the d eb t . Tenan t s also take c are o f maintenance and u t i l i t ie s . Hoonah i s a town of abou t 700 people wi th a f i shing e conomy . Average c o s t of the home s i s e s t ima t ed a t $ 1 2 , 16 5 . (From Ind ian Re cord , 1ashing ton , D . C . , November 1967) • • • • D ID YOU Kl'JOW THAT the diamond in the engagement r ing which Mar ine Capt . Char l e s Robb pre se n t e d to Lynda Bird Johns on was cut and po l i shed by Ind ian s at the Harry Win s t on , Inc . p l ant a t Chand l er , Ar i zona ? �COI.DNEL JOHN ALLAN by John Fran ci s Spragu e ( Conti nued froLl October i s sue ) There i s plenty of e videnc e that Gene ral Washingto n pl c ed ilnpl i c it con­ fidenc e in hi s condu c t and suJ)6 rvi sion of th e Ind i an affairs on th e e a d E:: rn fronti er . It i s also apparent that when Colonel Allan unit ed his fortunes with the p eople of Pas sanaquoddy and Mach i as they were in di r e d i stres s and � expo sed to d anger from thr eat ened invasion of their settl ement s by th e Engl i sh froE1 Nova Scot ia • • • • Th e Governor of Nova Scot i a • • • decide d to pro ceed "Wi th a.rued ves sels to Machias for th e purpo se of c apturing it . He appli ed to Sir George Collier, who wa s at Halifax with a fleet of s eve ral war ve s s el s , for aid, who put to sea wi th four armed frigate s and arrived in ifa ch ias Bay August 13 , 1777. Machi a s wa s however ably d e fended by the fo rce s under c or.:una nd of Colonel Fo ster and this att er:i.pt pro ved a failu r e . In thi s b attl e the Indi ans were loyal and r en­ d ered vali ant s ervi c e to the Arueri can s • • • • One of the g r e at e st trouble s that h e encount ered in keeping the Indi ans pea c e able and loyal was the persi sten c e of iih holders and oth ers to rell then intoxi c at ing liquo r s . White me n v.ould al so cheat them in trade , s t e al their fur s and c onn it oth er d epredation s , all of whi ch t ended to d isturb and oake mor e d i fficult the wor k in wh i ch he wa s e ngaged • • • • Th e Counci l at Bo ston made every effort to co n ciliate the Indians . A l etter to "Aw.bra i s e and oth er Indi ans unde r Col . Allan" dated Septer.tber 1 5 , 1777 add re s s e s theo as " Frien ds and Brethren " and thank s them profus ely for th eir " Valor and goo d Cond u c t ' in oppo si ng the Enemy in the attack they lately !!lade on the s et tls�1ent s at Mach ia s . 1 1 F ebruary 25 , 1778 ·in a Counc il report appears the following : 1 A Co 1 rar.U tt ee of Bo th Hous e s upon th e Petition of the Con 'tte of Ma chi as and several Le tters from Col ' o John Allan, have consid­ ered the same ; and appreh end that th e retai ning and s ecuring the Seve ral Trib e s of Eastern Indians in th e Fri end ship and Servi c e of t h e United Stat e s i s a natte� o f the utmo st importance t o th e s afety and Defenc e of so Valuabl e a part of thi s State as the Eastern Country, and to th is end your Commi t te e apprehend that it is a b so lut ely N e c e ss ary that th e Truck hou s e at -iachias should be �upplyed wi t h Cloth , Corn, RUTI & every Kind of sto re s Nec e s sary for suc h a Department as the b e s t means to s e cu re th e several Tri b e s of Indi an s from taking part wi th the En emy • • • • 11 In h i s le tters an d cor;.lmuni ca t ions to th e Indi ans he inva riably addre s s ed t h em a s brothe r s an d h i s communi cati ons breath ed a spirit o f a ff e cti on and sympathy . · In a c on1Lluni cation to t h e Counci l Octob er 8, 1778, he r eport s that having b e e n so urgently solicit ed by the Penobsco t tribe to visit them th at he had a c c ed ed to th ei r r equ e st and d e scribes the meeting as follows : "On the 7th Ult ' o 4 Cano s & Eight Men arrived , with a Mes sage � from th e Chie fs , Sach ems & Young Men, requesting my imme diate atten­ dan c e , Accordingly on th e 11th I - s et off thro f the Lakes & in five days r e ached Peno bs cutt Old Town, whe r e the general p art of th e Tri b e was then a s sembled . I imr:Jedi ately As sembled the�, ued with & & h eld a Conf erence, wh i ch co ntin­ short Intermi s s io n 4 days, - their Complaint s were Gre at, Many produ c ed Seve ral Instanc e s wherein th ey were Treated very ill . I will Just Ment i on what th ey s aid in the first Spe e ch Aft er my Arrival . " ( Continued on Page 15 ) �(1 5 ) ( 14 ) vontinued fro1:i Page SPEE CH O F SAGAi'-iORE ORONO , TO COLONEL ALL/ ' 0T·':'lno was one of the no st not ed and renewed Sagamor e s or Chiefs of the Pen­ o bs cot Tri b e of Ind i an s and from whon the town of Oro no in Pen obs co t. Coun : .J ) i .�aine , d erives its nane . ) Bro th er We have me t Together 2nd with one Heart & Voi c e S alut e you and Wel cone you to our Village - Very Glad & rejo iced to se e you in healt h , hoping t h a t God will Pre serve it, - what I sp eak to you now i s the Vo i c e of all the Indi an s of Penobscutt, In Token of wh i ch I Del iver you th ese Two strings of WampurJ. . Broth e r We are Glad & Thank you fo r wh at you said to us Yesterday. Cur Cooplai nt s are Gre at & a long Time we wanted to nake it Known to sooe pe r so n . Brot h er By Repe at ed Prooi se s froB our Broth er s o f t he Mas sachu s ett s we h ad a ri ght to have a Tru ck House on th is River, where we Coud go · to get v.hat we Want ed, But we find to th e Contrary . No more i s ever s ent fo r us, but wh at Two or Three Common Hunt er s Can . t ake up, & that of t he no st inferior Sort . If any Larger Quantity i s s ent it nust be Di spo sed to Oth e rs than Indi ans . . Brot her Having no goverl14l.ent s Truck House you may Ea sily Conce ive us, the · s erable Situ ati o n of Ind ian s . You Know we are not like the Whit e pe ople to Manage our Affairs, pe rt icularly wh en Lio_uor is i n our w ay , - wh en w e Care not for th e Ho st Valuable Part of our Int ere st , if we Can Git Run, By Which if we Po s s e s s ever so great a Property, by our own Conduc t we b ecooe l fi s erable . Broth er We wa s in Hope s wh e n we Acknowle dged, ourselves At:1eri can s , Owned the n as Bro th er s , that th e Whit e Peo ple on thi s River �uld have Taken some No ti c e of u s , & not .Adoitted any pe rso n whatever to Take Advantage of our Unhappy Di spo sition. But to our Great Mi s fortune we find great Numb ers of them who Trys all they Can to - hurt us , will not only Cheat us but will Steal from us . This M o s e Skins, b e sid e s a Tribe has Taken la st Wint er above great Ctuant ity of b e av r & other Furrs , - it is gone froo u s , & we 2 5 00 h av e not a Suff i ci en cy that will s ecure our fam.ilys till Winte r . You ra ay s ee Sir \..h at we have, - whi ch we Call upon Go d a s Witne s s Our 1 e n & Women are made fron us will Ki ck us out of Doors . i s Trut h . Drunk & after they take all Broth e r The Engli sh he re are o f many �1ind s , and we have been Continually To s sed to & fro , wi th different News . Many Torys are amo ng us , who are often Teling us about the Goodne s s of th e King of Engl and . A great many who Tell s us things on Both Side s to git MOney, - & we s e e t hem wi lling to Act any way so they g ete We Indians are ve ry unhappy, & must Acknowledge by the Behavour of the White people we Disagree among ours elves & often Time s Know not which side to Take , - but all th i s Time we are Miserable ourselve s . Brother The Whit e People o n this River , have Come & Settled lfioney, - & some are Amar i can s . We have Warned thera Down upon the Land s wh i ch was grant ed us . of, But they say they Di spi se. us, and Treat us wi th Language only fit for Dogs . Thi s Tre atment we did not Expect from Ameri c an s, Perticularly when th e General Court of thi s Stat e Granted the Land to us themselves . We Exp ect they will Keep goo d & Support their Promi s e . Brother You say yon h ave n o Aut.hority .from t he Great Congre s s Cont inue d o n P ag e ( 16 ) �( 16 ) ( Con t inued from Page 15) re spe c � ing us , - only a Mi l i t ary Command from th� Ge n�� � l Cour t at B o s ton . But being g lad to See you & S a t i s fy ' d with wha t has b e en done wi th our Bro ther s the Mar i s hee t e Tribe , we D e s ire & Exp ect you wi l l be our friend , & t e l l a l l the s e thing s we men t :Lon to that Au thor ity that wi l l hear our D e s tre s s & Gran t u s r e l eaf . Otherw i s e we mus t do as we l l as we Can , - and Trust to that Grea t G o d who ha s hi ther to pre s erved us & pray t h a t h i s Good Council may be g iven , - tha t we may b e Dire c ted to Procure S a t i s fac t ion for the abus e given our In j ured Fami ly s . B ro t he r we Mind wha t you s ay. . abou t our b e ing Expid i t iou s , we wi l l de lay No Time , - Bu t as we mus t have many Counc i l s among our ­ s e lve s , & Wan t ing to have Much Ta lk wi th you , .. We Expect you wi l l n o t think o f r e turning thi s five Days . B ro ther God B l e s s you , - farewe l l t i l l we see you again . (Cont inue d nex t month) ED HINCKLEY 1 S JOB : HELP INDIANS TO BE THEMSELVES by Mary Plumer AUGUS TA - Af ter f ar too many year s , i t ' s beg inning to look as if Maine ' s Ind i an s might b e ab le t o act l ike chi e f s - a t leas t wher e the ir own trib e s are concerned . Thi s is coming about s lowly through the De par tment of Ind ian Affairs and Commi s s ioner Edward C. Hinckley , who ' s a firm b e l iever in l e t t ing the Ind ian be an Indian and no t try ing to make him s omeone e l s e . F or 300 year s , Hinck l ey s ays , the Ind ian ha s been under pre s sure to go or do s ome t hing he doesn ' t wan t to do . " I t hasn ' t worked . I t ' s no t a humane po l icy and i t ' s no t what we wou l d wan t . " He think s i t ' s been kind o f a " subccnscious fee l ingi' tha t , mayb e , if l i t t l e wer e done on the re s erva t ion s , if they weren ' t made too at trac t iv� then maybe the Indians wou ld go somewher e e l se . They were g iven this land , Hinckley acknow ledge s , and guaran teed that this wou ld be the ir home forever . "Why the he l l s hou ldn ' t they have f lu s h to i le t s 1 " He looks t o the day that a r e s ervat ion may operate s imi lar ly t o a town governmen t s truc ture (bu t not as a town ) wi th a s a lar ied tribal leader as a s or t o f " town manager type " and a trib a l c lerk to per form s e cr e t ar i a l du t i e s , keep r e cord s of coun c i l mee t ings , vital s t a t i s t ic s and to be an a l l -round Inc! ian Fr iday . Each t r ib e e le c t s a tr iba l governor and counc i l . The governor was paid $ 100 a year un t i l the 1 02nd Leg i s lature , in special se s s ion , hiked i t to $300 . " Thi s doe sn ' t even cover the phone b i l l , " s ay s Hinckley , " i f they ' re do ing t he ir j ob s . " The governor , therefore , mus t work ful l - t ime to make a l iving . " I ' d l ike to s e e the governor funde d for two year s l ike a town ma nage _r , to enab l e him to devo te his t ime fu l ly to managing trib a l affair s . 1 1 In the mean t ime , �inckley pound s away to lay the ground-work for the day t he Ind ian s w i l l and can s a l ly forth to manage the ir mm affair s . And in t h i s s hor t two-year per iod , Hinck ley has l a id a l o t of ground­ wor1� . At the b ir th of his depar tment , Hinckley , in ini t i a l vi s i t s t o the Penob s c o t and Pas s amaquodd y, Re s erva t ion s , found the tribe s ' greate�t concer n l ay in three are as 1 . Youth oppor tun i t ie s (part icular ly in edu ca t ion and recreat ion ) ; 2 . S an i ta t ion ( in terms o f ade qua te water and sewage s y s t ems ) ; 3 . Hous ing The se have b een , to date , the maj or ar eas of a t ten t ion . ( Con t inued on Page 18) · :Y " · \ �(17 ) _968 POLITICAL PLATFORMS BEING PREPAR"SD Colby College Pre sident Robert E . L . Strider, Chainuan of the 1968 Deu0 cratic Platfonn Comr.rlttee, has appo inted ll sub cotll:littee chai:n:::ie n and anno unced t hat th e co:r;nni tt ee will hold it s first meeting in Augusta on De c emher 4th . The suhc.ocrni ttees include one for each maj r section o f the platform, in the areas of Education, Natural Resources, State and Lo cal Government, Equal Right s and Adn:ini stratinn 0f Justic e , Econorri c Development, Marine Resour c e s , He alth and Welfare, Indian Affair s , Labor, Finan ce s , and National Affair s . Mr . Clyde Bartlett , Assi st ant Superint endent of the Portland S chool sys­ t em, fo rmer State Directo r of the Offi ce of Economic Opportunity, was nam ed chairllan of the Indian Affair s subcommit tee . Eight subcorJI:li ttee s t h elp formulate the 1968 Maine Republican Platform were appoint ed N vanber loth by Senator Kenneth P. MacLeod, R-Brewer, th e Platf rr Commi ttee ch airnan . Sub conmitte e s were named in the ar eas of National Affairs , Mental Health & Correct ions and Health & Welfare, Edu cati on, Labor & Indu stry and Agriculture , Stat e Government , Natural Re sour c es and Sea & · Shore Fi sh eries, Ee nor.li e Develop­ nent and Transp rtation, and Drafting and Style . The Republ i c an Platf rm Connittee plans a series of publi c hearings early in 1968; the Demo crati c Platform CoIDP-tltt ee announc ed plans for a widely �irculated, d et ailed que sti onpi re . · GOVERNEE NT REORGANIZATION TASK FORCE HEARS TESTIMONY On Decemb er 1st, several stat e departoent head s testifi ed in a day-long The meeting held by Gov. Curti s ' Task For c e n Government Reorganization. The se c0nd is s cheduled for Dec ember Sth, with heari r.g was the fi rst of two . more dep ar tment heads t b e he ard in th e morning and a period for public t e s­ tim ny in the aft ernoo n . The Indian Affairs ComrJ.iss ioner, Edward C . Hinckley, t nld the Task F rce t hat for ne arly 20 years th e system f dealing with the Ind ian s h as . changed yery little . Whit e men are appoint ed by the state as Ir.di an agents - operating s r::te what as town managers d in the towns . A so rt of parallel, h e said , \\Ould be the appointment by the Governor of a town manager for a fai ne t:unicipality - provi ded that the appointee was from a forei gn count ry and was unfamiliar with th e town rs language or culture . Hinck l ey s aid the r e servations should b e pres erved but th e Indi ans sh ould have a stronger voi ce in th eir own affair s and the appointment of the agents with W"i orn they must de al. "Maine operates on th e th eory th at the Indi an s are going to disappear , 11 he s aid . It hasn ' t h appened in ,3 00 years and 1 1 It i sn rt going to happen. it 1 s time to try s onething el se . 11 ( Fron an Asso ci ated Pre ss rele ase, 12/1/67 ) PlNE RifXi.E HOUSING ·UNATTRACTIVE The Ind i an congregate housing d evelopment at Pine Ridge (Sioux Reservation ) Sout h Dakot a has n0t been at all su c cessful in attracting t enants, although some of it s probl �s seem to be spec:i fi cally relat ed t<"' the culture and h abit s All the units for the elderly at Pine of the Indi an population it serve s . Ridge are congregat&-type . Generally, Indi an s have b een slow to ac c ept apartment-type housing and tend t pre fer si ngle-�arily units with +arge lots suitable for extensive Occupancy figures fo r the Pine Ridge elderly housing pro je c.t gardening. ( Continue d on Page 18 ) �(18) (Con t inued from Page 1 7 ) C .11c ... na = e , r i s ing in the winter when the e l der ly are more .s e:tious ly i n ue ecl -� e qua te food and she l ter , and dropping in the summer when many of the . ndians pre fer to r e turn to the ir own she l ter fac i l i t i e s which tho, gh ' ina d e quate , a l low them to have a yard and a garden . . . Be cause of the low intere s t expr e s sed by the e lder ly Ind ian s , the con­ gregate pr o j e c t at Pine Ridge has accepted V I S TA worker s and others as tenan t s . (From the Journa l of Hous ing , Oc tober 1 9 6 7 ) �': E D HINCKLEY ' S JOB ( Cont inued from Page 1 6 ) • • • • The Tr ib e s app l ied for and r e c e ived V I S TA worker s from the Off ice o f Economi c 0ppor tun i t y . The S tate Board o f Educa t ion i n 1 96 6 , made prov i s ion s f o r one ful l Ind ian s cho l ar ship each year at each of the f ive s tate col lege s , four voca t iona l - t echnical ins t i tu t e s and thr e e s cho o l s of prac t i ca l nur s ing . F ive Ind ian tui t ion s cho lar ship s , avai lab l e at the Univers i ty of Maine s ince 1 9 3 7 , ar e a l l b e ing u t i l ized for the f ir s t time this year . Add i t iona l ly , in the l ine of youth oppor tuni t i e s , the summer vo lun teer pro gr ams conducted on a l l three re s erva t ions dur ing the pas t summe r , under the general superv i s ion of a commi t tee of Ind ian s and o ther s appo in ted by the Roman Catho l ic Dioce s e of Por t l and , pr ovided a varie ty of you th ac t i�i t i e s suppl emented b y the V I S TA worker s . In the ar eas of hou s ing (and the nece s s ary pr erequi s i t e s of adequate water and s ewage fac i l i t ie s ) , app l ic a t ion s have been submi t ted to four federal agenc ie s for mat ching funds for s an i tat ion fac i l i t ie s . The l03rd Leg i s la ture gran ted each r e s erva t ion t r ibal governor and coun c i l the power . to e s tab l i s h local hous ing au t hor i t i e s , which wi l l apply The l eg i s la ture i s b e ing for fe der a l ly-a s s i s ted low co s t hou s ing programs � a sked to provide t he r e qu ired nonfedera l fund s for the s e programs . Hinck l ey , who has l ived and worked w i th and for the Ind i ans in Utah , Ar i zona and Nevada s ince he rece ived a mas t er ' s of education degre e from Harvard Unive r s i ty in 1 9 5 9 , happi ly acknow l edge s that in the las t two year s , some " pre t ty imper ::an t f ir s t s t e p s " have been taken for the Maine Ind ia ns . Futur e p lan s include cont inuing programs aimed at the three prob lem areas iden t i f ied by the tribal le ader s ; a s trong d e t erminat ion to imp�ove emp l oymen t oppor tun i t i e s on the re s erva tion s ; and , in the area of adu l t educa­ t ion and train ing , to improve work pat terns in j ob s in the surround ing areas . A l l que s t ion s about the future of the tribe s , or the ir land s and com­ mun i t ie s , s ays Hinck l ey , can only be answered by saying - " I t ' s up to the Ind ian s thems e lve s . " He fee l s that the re serva t ions of the Penob s co t and Pas s amaqu oddy Ind i an trib e s w i l l mos t cer t ainly exi s t 50 year s from now - " i f the Ind ian s wan t them to . " The 3 2 -year-o ld Read f i e l d r e s ident s ay s hi s per sona l experience has been tha t " the pre s ervat ion of a piece of home land , ca l l ed a r e s erva tion , is the s ing l e mo s t impor t an t thing to every Ind ian in the coun try , whe ther or not he l ive s on or near i t . " I t mus t be remembered , he cau t ion s , that an Indian ' s fee l ing toward s l and is a p sycho logi ca l and r e l ig ious one - par t ia l ly expres sed by ' the phra s e , "Mo ther Ear th . " (From the Por t land �unday Te l egram , 10/ 2 9/ 6 7 ) · D ID ' you KNOW THAT for ty Ind i an chi l dren on the Penob s co t Re serva t ion from the second grade through high s choo l ar e b e ing tutor e d in a l l sub j e c t s by members of the The SAC proj e c t wa s s tarted Univer s ity of Ma ine ' s S tudent Ac t ion Corps ? l a s t year , w i th the he l p o f the Penob s c o t Reserva tion VISTA worker s . �( 21 ) NAVAJO SCHOOL SENDS THREE BOOK S TO PRINTERS ROUGH ROCK , AR IZ . - Three boo k s for Navaj o school children prepared by Rough Ro ck Demons tration Schoo l ' s curriculun cent er , have Deen sent +...o th e print er and thr ee mor e are ready for printi ng . Anothe r book is b ei ng r eviewed by th e Tribal Edu c ation Committee . Medic"ine men an d old er Navaj os have furni shed mo st of the info rma tio n for th e s e so c i al s tu di e s and r eading t ext s , which deal with various aspe cts o f Navajo life, culture and hi story . The so ci al studi e s t ext s are d e signed to give Navajo chil dren info rmatio n o n t h e ba ckground of their pe ople , while th e r eading materials u s e Navajo �hildren and event s in the i r live s ins tead of the 11Di ck and Jane " variety o f suburban children found in r1ost reading textbooks • • • • Ten s choo l s pi cked by th e Tribal Edu cat io n Comr;:littee will use the book s . Ai'ter a year the te ache rs will evaluate them and r e commend ways o f impro ving then • • • • Several not ed hi st0ri ans and anthropolo gi st s • • • have collaborat ed. on the books and a ft er the Edu c ation Cowr.tlttee fi nis he s it s che ck , s e veral tribal leade r s will look them ever . The th ree 9ook s be ing print ed include two soci al studi e s text s (biographi e s of 14 prominent Navajo s an d Rough Rock history) and an illu strated book o f lege nd s for young er c hildr en ( C'ioyote serie s ) . The o th er conpleted book s are Black Mountain Boy, and Denetso sie, both reade r s , and another boo k of legends (Grandfather storie s ) . ( From th e Navajo Tii ne s , ll/23/67 ) HIGI ABOVE ' GANSETT ' S WATERS by Samuel B . Girgus Ind i ans who travel, live and wo rk together are c amping on the towers and c atwalks of the Newport Bridg e , 400 feet agove the waters of Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island ) . i.•figrant s with money who se fo refathe rs hunt ed game in an unsµ.iled Ameri ca, the se Ind i an ironworkers now f f'l1ow construction and bridge jo b s acro ss th e nation. In Newport they work by d ay wi th th ei r own kind, rai sing and bolting the s t e el that wi ll comple te the 2 . 2-mile suspension bridge linking Newport with Jame stown. At night th ey al so remain togeth er in a few local bar s , where the sounds of loud nusi c and peopl e dan ci ng on wo oden floor s are broken by · an o c c asi o nal war cry . While a few are Si ux and Cherokee, mo st of the Indians are Mohawks from Many of them now have French the Caughnawaga Res ervation near Montr eal. surn ame s added to their older trib al nam e s . Oth ers ar e Irish. And a f ew believe they are Jewish - perhaps the sons of an enterprising fur trader who narried a Mohawk, thereby enabling the woman ' s family to adopt the name of Jacobs . Jil st of the Indians share crowded apartment s in downtown Newport with ...o other Indian bridgeworke r s . Several stay at the Seamen 1 s �Institut e on Market Square or at the YMCA on Mary Street . " Bo omers 11 who wo rk in to wn s they hav e never seen before, the Ind ians a�e eve n mor e i so lated from mo st of the ci tie s in whi ch they "WO rk than th e usually root le s s whit e ironwork er. a nati on with i n a nati on . The Indians believe that th ey are s ti ll "People a sk us why we do n l t · parti ci pat e too muc h in th e c ivi l ri ght s movement , 1 1 s aid Jame s Montour, 43 , a ha nd sorae dark-fac ed man of medium build . nee we do we tre through as a nation. 11 "We c an ' t p art i ci p at e b ec ause Mr. Montour, wh o is c alled " Chie f " by his fellow bridge\\O rke r s be c ause of hi s maturity and experi enc e ; bri stled only onc e - when he was c alled a Can­ "We are North Ameri c an s . We have "We are no t Canadi ans , 1 1 he s aid. adian. ( Co nt i nue d on Page 22) �(22) ( Cont inued from Page 2 1 ) border s • 1 1 Abou t 30 Ind ians work as ironworker s for the r e �hlehen S te e l .:0 . � · which i s bui lding the supers truc ture f o r the 4 7 . 5 -mi l l ion-do l l ar bridg e . They gen era l ly work a t the mo s t dangerous he igh t s , r a i s ing heavy s te e l beams and bo l t ing the beams into p lace B ob 1 1 High Pocke t s " Ma t son , a l anky ex-rodeo r ider and auc t ioneer from �yoming , s ays he is the only whi te bridgeworker on ( tower ) lW . Mr . Ma tson He a l s o says says the Ind ians have a na tura l talent for working at he ight s . he en j oy s working with them becau s e they are compe t i t ive and take pr ide in their work . 1\10 Mohawks , Frank Daibo and Johnny De lormier , a l s o s ay the ir work coD'.e s n a tur a l ly . "We ' r e sure - footed , " f-1r . D i abo s ays . 11We ' 11 go anywhere as l ong as i t ' s up high and we ' r e conne c t ing iron . " The Ind i an s ge t good pay for the ir dangerous wor k . A ski l l ed ironworker make s ab ou t $ 5 . 40 an hour , depending on the locat ion of the j ob . Bu t they Kenny Jacob s , , a l so in s i s t tha t more is invo lve d in br idge work than goo<l p ay . a de ep-vo i c e d Ind ian , put i t th i s way 1 ; "F i f ty year s from no:1 I can come back to t h i s br idge and s ay , ' You s e e tha t p lace ? Tha t ' s wher e I drove the rive t s . ' 1 1 He added : 1 1You c an see tha t a l l the t ime when you ' re moving wi th guys to o ther j ob s and they show you a bui l d ing or br idge where they worked once . Guys s ay tha t a l l the t ime . 1 1 The Mohawks intere s t in b r idgebui lding began in 1 88 6 , when the Canadian Pac i f i c Rai lroad cut through the tribe ' s r e s erva t ion to bui ld a br idge over the S t . Lawr ence River . O ther comp an i e s and the government later bui l t new r ai lroads and highways to Mon tr e a l , taking more l and from the r e s erva t ion . " They wen t through the s e away and po l luted our water and ruined our f i s h­ ing , " Mr . Mon tour s a id . " They cut do"m our tre e s and we had no more fore s t s left . " And they Bu t many o f the Mohawks began working for the rai lroad . s t ayed w i t h i t , encourag ing their sons t o d o the s ame kind o f work . " I began when I was 1 3 , " said Frank Diab o , "when my fa ther to ld me I could go anywhere up high a s long as I didn ' t take chance s . " (From the Providence (R . I . ) Evening B u l le t in , 1 1 / 24 / 6 7 ) r. 0 • · • • , • • • • • • MISCELLANEOUS NEW S - The o lde s t cont inuous ly-oper a t e d Indian board ing s choo l i s i n Chemawa , Ore go n , 6 mi l e s nor t h of S a le m , Ore . - Nr s . E s s e lyn Perkins o f Ogunqui t was gue s t speaker r e cent ly at the O ld York Chapt er , D . A . R . She s poke on " The Ind ian s and Ind ian Lor e of the S tate o f Ma ine . 1 1 - E a s tpor t Coun c i l No 6 73 , Knigh t s of Co lumbus , r ecent ly honored the Pic tured S i s ters of Mercy upon the ir 1 0 2nd ann ive r s ary in the s ta te o f Maine . at the fe s t iv i t i e s (Ban_&QF Dai ly News , 1 2 / 6 / 6 7 ) were S i s ter Nary Sophia , S i s. ter A l so pic tured Mary B e a t r ic e , S i s t er E l i z ab e th Mary and S i s te r Mary Car i ta s . and pre s en t were Jos eph Nicho la s , grand kn igh t , and Pl easant Point Chap lain Bernard N i cknair . - S teve Gachup.in , 2 5 , a runner for the Jeme z Ind ian Pueb lo of New Mexico , c l ocked a r e cord 3 : 50 : 05 in winn ing h i s s econd s traight 2 6 . 8-mi le Pikes Peak Mara thon , whi l e h i s bro ther , Matthew , 1 6 , took the j unior t i t le with a t ime ( Spor t s I l lus trated , 10/ 2 / 6 7 ) o f 2 : 4 1 : 35 for ano ther �e e t mark . - The Ind ian C la ims Commi s s ion gran ted a n award o f $ 3 , 5 00 , 000 t o the Con­ feder a t e d Tr ib e s o f the Co lv i l le R e s erva t ion (Wa shing ton ) - a compromi s e s e t t le­ ,men t on abou t 2 , 4 1 6 , 600 acr e s o f Re serva t ion lands t aken around 1872 and 1906 . �( 23) PENOB S CO T D OY DOING WELL A T W E S T POINT The G u i dan c e De par tmen t of the Old Town High S cho o l r e por t s tha t .Pau l a s e cond--year s tudent at t h e U . S . Mi l i t ary Academy at We s t Po in t , f in i sh e d h i s fre s hman year in the top t\·10 - t hird s of h i s c l a s s . Son of Mr s . Eva B i su l ca , o f the Penob s co t Tr ibe , Pau l ' s freshman cour s e s in c luded Eng i n e er ­ � � B s lc a , ing Fundamen ta l s , Eng l i sh , Environment , Span i s h , Mathema t i c s , Mi l i t ary S c i e nce and Phy s i c a l Educa t ion . In two o f h i s sub j e c t s , he achieve d in the top 1 0% of h i s 834-man c l a s s at the Academy . I ND IAN Tm!NSHI P HOUSU:G AUTHOR I TY APPOINTED ; ALL THREE AUTHOR I TI E S HEE T ; GOVERNOR CUR TI S PLA �S ADD I TIOIJAL RE SERVATION C ONS '.IRUC TION PROJEC TS The Ind i an Town s h i p Tr ib a l Governor and Coun c i l on Novemb e r 1 2 th appo i n t e d a 5 -man Hou s ing Au thor i ty , t o comp l e t e t h e forma t ion of t h e 3 Tr iba l Hou s ing Au tlior J t i e s in Naine , as au thor i z e d by the 1 0 3rd Le g i s l a tur e . Named to po s t s on the Tovm s h i p ' s Au tho r i ty were Rev . C o l eman O ' To o l e , D e l i a Mi tche l l , Mrs . Pau l in e S teve ns , Mr . Geor g e S t even s , Jr . , and Mr . Alber t D an a . A t t h e group ' s f ir s t me e t ing on Dec ember 6 th , Y . S t eve n s wa s .ir e l ec ted cha irman ; F a t her O ' To o l e vice cha irman ; Mr s . S t even s s e cre tary and Y s . ir Mi t che l l tre a surer . Y s. .ir On D e c ember 1 1 t h , 1 2 t h and 1 3 t h , o f f i c i a l s of the Depar tme n t of Ind ian A f f a i r s and o the r s t a te and federal agen c i e s me t w i t h r e pr e s en t a t ive s of t he 3 Hou s ing Au thor i t i e s to d i s cu s s con t inuing app l i ca t ions for federal fund s . The s e will he l p con s tr u c t the nec e s s ar y wa t er an d s ewag e sys tems whi ch mu s t accompany p lanned ho s ing programs on t h e R e s e rvat ions . The De cember 1 1 t h me e t ing in Orono involved Peno b s c o t Hou s ing Au t hor i ty Chairman Ma t thew Sappier , Commi s s ioner Edward Hinckley and Hous ing O f f i cer and repre s e n t a t ive s o f the Tony Ka l i s s of the D e par tment o f Ind ian Affair s , Farme r s Home Admin i s trat ion and the Old Town W a t er D i s t r i c t . On · D e cember 1 2 t h , Chairman Eugene Franc i s ; a me e t ing at P l e a s an t Po in t invo lved Hou s ing Au thor i ty Rou s ing Commi s s ion e r s Dav i d F ran c i s , Andrew D ana and Bernard N i ckna ir ; 4 o f f i c i a l s of the E c onomic D eve lopmen t Admin i s t r a t ion c lud ing New York - New Eng land Ar ea Dir e c tor Ar thur T. of an eng ine er the F a rmer s Home Admini s tr a t ion ; Commi s s ion ; _ and the D . I . A . Doy le ) ; from the ( in­ 2 repre s en t a t ive s S ta te Wa ter Improvemen t P l e a s an t Po i n t Governor Jo s e p h r e pre s en t a t ive s . Mi tche l l , member Pa s s amaquo ddy Le gi s l a t ive Repre s e n t a t ive George F ranc i s , and Counc i l Jeane t te Moore a l s o a t tended . . The D e c ember 1 3 t h me e t ing a t Pe t er Dana Po int brought toge ther the fu l l member s h i p o f the Ind i an Town ship Pa s s amaquoddy Hou s ing Au thor i ty , F . H . A . , E . D .A . and D . I . A . r e pr e s e n t a t ive s ; Commun i ty A c t ion Program D i r e c t or Ar chie La Coot e and As s i s tan t D ir e c tor Tom W i s eman ; Governor John S t even s , Coun ci lmemb er (and C . A . P . Aide ) Morr i s Brooks , C . A . P . bookke e p er and r e ce p t ion i s t Margare t Smi t h ; Coun c i lmemb er George S t even s , Sr . , E a r l y r e por t s o f Governor Kenne th M. to be pre s e n t e d to and o t her t r ib a l memb e r s . Curt i s ' the January s p e c i a l se s s ion of t en t a t ive l i s t of me asu re s the 1 03rd Legi s lature men t i o n 3 b o n d i s sue s - o n e o f wh i ch i s repor t e d to ca l l f o r add i t ional con s tru c t ion proj e c t s on t he Ind i an Res erva t i o n s o f Mai ne . At an addre s s at the Univer. s i ty of Maine r e c en t ly , Gov . Cur t i s wa s quo t e d as s aying abou t Ma in e Ind i an s : Th e s ta t e i s try ing to he lp t hem in every way it c an , par t icular ly in the f i e ld of s ewage f ac i l i t i e s and hous ing . DID YOU KNOW THA T Mar ie Akin , a memb er of the Penob s co t Tr ibe , dre s s e d up as t he Ind ian s a in t , for a cos tume par ty r e cent ly h e ld b y F r e s hmen and Sopho­ Mi s s Akins ' more s a t S t . Jo s e ph ' s Academy , as par t o f the ir annual ne t re a t . 11/11/67) Indian cos tume was made by her mo ther , Hr s . Mi ldred Akin . ca ther ine Tekaw i tha , (�, �( 2L� ) A ( Tl-ie QUE S TION ON IND IANS f o l 1 01·1ing l e t ter app e ared in the Brunswick Time s -Re cord o f Hovemb er 14th . I t r e fer s to an ar t i c l e by Pe t er Cox , which appear e b er and . wa s r e pr i n t e d on Pag e s 2nd , 1 7 -18 of the · in Time s -P.ecor. d of Novem­ rTovemb ,er ilews l e t ter . - Ed . ) To the e d i tor , I r e ad w i t h gre a t i n t e re s t Ind i an s ? : ' t o t he s or r y p l ight of though ; the c o lumn by Pe t er Cox , H. I a l s o have r e ad H i l l i am the Ha ine f or Ma ine ' s Tile r e i s a que s t i on in my mind , Ind i ans . ar e you r e a l l y concerned a� ou t " How Long W i l l iams on 1 s ar t i c l e s per t a in ing the Maine Indian s or are you c on ce rn e d w i t h A t torney Don G e l l er s ? Having l ived �n W a s h ing ton Cour1ty un t i l Augu s t 2 6 o f b e ing a c t ive in coun ty a c t iv i t ie s , in thi s i s s ue than i s gener a l ly known . You have s ai d , " t he y ar e kept wi t hou t e f f e c t ive po l i t i c a l vo i c e . 1 1 P l e a s a n t Po in t Ind i an s , as thi s y e ar , I think you ' l l f ind ther e I know for a fa c t Demo c r a t i c Commi t t e e and that Franc i s con cern ing the Ind ian s , Tha t is no t true of the that they have a Ue s erva tion. Sap i e l i s of t ho s e memb e r s (I can g ive you the ir name s ) Ar e you sure Coun ty , : i s t e am and that Don Ge l l er s r o l ler and a l l five have j u s t as mu ch r ight to vo i c e Commi t te e me e t ing a s any o ther member , they wou l d t ake t h e troub l e t o a t tend You mu s t remember that Mr . He i s the cha irman of i t . a l s o o n e o f f ive memb e r s o f t h e Demo cr a t i c Coun ty Commi t t e e , an o p in i o n a t a Demo cr a t i c Coun ty and is more c oncerned if the me e t ings . is �rnr ldng for the Ind i an s , or for hims e l f ? Ge l l er s i s a compar a t ive newcomer t o Washing ton t a c t i c s i : ar e no t the way t o win f r i ends and in f luence peop le . I am no t s pe aking of Ind i an s n ow , or of any n a t iv e s of Washington Coun ty , b u t there i s an adage - "You are j udged by the company you ke e p " - and having s e e n and me t I wonder if some o f You have he has s a i d that the S t a t e que s t ion the Gov . him r i gh t , the f r iends who have f o l lowed Mr. Ge l ler s t o Eas tpor t , you wou l d f e e l r igh t ne ighbor ly toward them . Po l i c e , " to make h i s (Gov . the a c cu s e d , under t ake the inve s t ig a t ion . " in t egr i ty of Gov . Cur t i s ' ) g e s ture to t a l ly ho l l ow , Do you Cur t i s and our S ta t e Po l i c e ? Cur t i s h a s s ai d per t aining 1 . a controver s i a l f i gure . " to Don G e l l er s , D o you no t I think I am quo t ing thinl� i t wou ld b e w i s e to know mor e per t in en t f a c t s concer n ing the Ind ians and Don G e l l er s b e f o r e wr i t ing ar t i c l e s d e p i c t ing Mr . Go to Eas tpor t , Ge l le r s a S t . George in shin ing armor o f g e t s ome fac t s and quo t e b o t h s id e s f a ir ly . the und erdog ? A mer e eye view f r om Cumb e r l and and S ag adaho c coun t i e s do e s no t g ive you a c lar p i c ture . He len H . Ro s s IND IAHS IND I C TED l3 Y JURY MACHIAS - S e cr e t ind i c tmen t s r e turned by a Wa s hing ton Coun ty gr and j ury s even Pa s s amaquo ddy Ind ians invo lve d in a Labor D ay we ek frac a s w i th law en for c emen t au thor i t i e s were made pub l i c Mond ay (12 /18/67) . Char g e s again s t the Ind i an s , thr e e o f whom l ive in Ma s s achu s e t t s , r ange agains t from as s au l t and b a t t ery t o i n t e r f e r e n c e with an o f f i cer and con s p ir a cy . A super ior cour t he ar ing i s s chedu l e d for F e bruary . Tile s even wer e in d i c t e cl s e cr e t ly a week ago . The s t a t e a l l e g e s the Indians a s s au l t e d S t a t e Tr ooper Ar l a Lund of We s t Pembroke and Ind i an Con s t ab l e Rober t Hewe l l . ( Th e ) grand j ur or s were s e l e c t e d from a new j ury po o l whi clii .had b e e n s t e d by Jus t i c e Ar c h ib a l d , f o l l owing a d i s covery t h a t t h e s e le c t ion o f r e que t he or i g i n a l grand j uror s for the Oc t ob er t erm was made from a j ury poo l e which d id no t in c lude qua l i f ie d vo t er s from e i ther the Pe t er Dana Po in t , Pr inc ton , or the P l e a s an t Poin t , Perry , vo t ing l i s t s . ( C o n t inued on Page 25) �( 2. : ) (Cont inued from Pag e 2t� ) The or i g ina l j ury wa s d i sb ande d and d i s charged ; a ne�·! m� r t t=: j ury T"("'"' o f 3C'D pro s pe c t ive j uror s Has forme d , inc lud ing repr e " . ': r. :. �. ve s . rc r;i e . � ch u[ the tuo Ind ian r e s erva t ion vot ing d i s tr i c t s . Two r e g i s t e r e d and qua l i f i e d vo t e r s wer e s a i d to have b een s e l e c t e d from e ach o f t h e two Ind i an v o t ing l i s t s , in t h e s ame manner a s o t her p r o s p e c ­ t ive j uror s wer e p i cked from o t her mun i c ipal vo t ing l i s t s in the coun ty - every S fl th v o t er on the l i s t was c ho s e n . Non e o f the four vo ter s from the two r e s erva t i on s , however , were p l a c e d o n the mo s t r e ce n t g rand j ury l i s t as a r e su l t o f t h e = 1 ou t - o f -a -ha t: " me thod of s e l e c t in g t y the j ury connni s s ioner s . D e f e n s e Coun s e l Don C . r e a s on 1 = for Ge l l er s , of Ea s t por t , s ay s he can s e e ' ' no po s s ib le Indians appear e d v o l un t ar i ly in the p a s t a n d hadn ' t b e en arre s t ed a f ter the f irs t indi c tme n t s wer e han<le � clowa by the Oc t ob e r grand j ury . There s e ems n o r e a s on for anyo n e s e cr e t ind i c tmen ts and arr e s t s . He s a i d the t o a s s ume the Ind i an s wou l dn ' t appear i n February to answer Ge l l er s s a i d S a t urd ay (12/16/G7) . the · new ind i c tmen t s , p the As s i s t a n t A t t orney G e n e r a l Dan i e l Li ly , chie f pro s e cu t o r , t o l Te l egr�!!! no arr e s t s wer e n e e ded or p l ann ed . The c l er k o f the Hash ing ton Coun ty S q>�r i o r Cour t s a id that n igh t ( 1 2 / 15/ 6 7 ) that Li ly had asked l a s t Hond ay f o r ar re s t war ran t s t o L e i s s u e d . Mr s . Winn i e Tayl or , t he c our t c l erk , s a i d L i ly w a s a s ked by Super ior Cour t Judge Jame s P . Ar chib a ld if he wan t e d such warr an t s . L i l y t o ld t he j udge he d i d , a n d Judge Ar c h i1 a l d o r d e r e d her to i s sue t hem . Non e of t he war r an t s wer e s erved un t i l Fr iday night John Socob a s in and Dav id Homan wer e arr e s t e d at erva t io n a t Perry . As s i s t an t At torney G e n e r a l Fred Hard when of Mach i a s s a i d Fr i day n igh t he · t he Ind ian s l ive in I1a s s achu s e t t s Thre e of a s sume d o ther arr e s t s w i l l fo l l ow . s o ex t r ad i t ion pro c e e d ing s w i l l have t o b e The ( 1 2 / 15/ 6 7 ) , the P l e a s an t Po i n t Ind ian Re s ­ taken i f t h e i r arre s t i s p l anned . tuo Ind i an s who wer e arre s te d F r i day n ight wer e r e l ea s e d ear l y $ 2 , 000 S a turd ay morning o n b ai l . .(Ear l i er i nd i c tmen t s aga ins t the s even Ind i an s had b e en thrown out a t t h e r e que s t o f t h e At torney G e n e r a l ' s o f f i c e b e cau s e t h e names o f Ind i an s · l i s t from wh i c h j ur i e s ar e s e l e c t e d . the wer e n ' t in clud e d in (From the Eangor D a i ly Ne�� s , en t i t l e d : 1 S e cr e t Charg e s Fur ther son , Por t l and ' S unday Te l e gr am , 1 2 / 1 2 / 6 7 & 12/19/ 6 7 ; Con fu s e Quoddy Ind i an s , Edward l ing of Na i n e , und e r of ( 1 1 / 28 / 6 7 ) b y C. Hin ck l ey f ir s t he s a id , Ind i an a f f a i r s in Wi l l iam­ the t-?a t ervi l l e Li n s Maine ' s Commi s s i oner o f In d i an A f fa ir s . the group of the s t a t e as the b a s i c d i f f e r e n c e in the hand ­ compar e d w i t h many we s t e rn s t a t e s . of Ind i ans come under In many o theT s t a t e s , the U . s. D e p ar tme n t of the In ter ior • The o ff i c i a l a t t i t ud e s o f b o th the a l ly chang ing , H. i t s own D epar tmen t o f Ind i an A f fair s and Ind i an s come ha s th i s de par tmen t . Indian A f f air s told b y H i l l i am :i HINCKLEY SAYS sub j ec t of a s pe e ch be fore the Ma ine Ind ians were 'I\l e s d ay n i gh t - Ed . ) from an ar t i c l e 1 2/ 1 7 / 6 7 ) :•7ARD IHD IAI S CHANGING , GOVERNI-EHTAL ATTI TUD E S T0 C lub and s t a t e and n a t ion a l governme n t s From a n e ar l i er po l i cy o f f ir s t Hinckley s a id . the Bur e au • • • i s fin­ trying t o e l imina t e the I n d i a n prob l em �y e l imi u a t ing t h e Indian , then trying t o ki l l o f the ir s o c ia l her i t oge , governme n t i s £ina l ly t ry ing t o improve the s t and ar d of l iving o f the Ind i an w i t hin t he framework o f h i s exi s t ence . a s a n Ind i an . One pha s e of organ i za t ion wi th i n thi s , the Hinck ley s a i d , coU111Un i ty d ev e l opme n t programs . in cer t a in pr ograms Thi s i s l ar s hips at s pon s or e d b y the f i r s t year , i s an a t temp t to e s t ab l i s h a commun i ty to d e a l d i re c t ly w i t h the var i o u s tribes federal The Pa s s amaquoddy Tr i b e i s pr e s e n t ly invo lve� the U. s. Of f i c e o f E c onomi c Oppo r t un i ty . Hinc k l ey s a id t that a l l the Univer s i ty of Nai n e ar e in u s e . ( C o n t inued on Pag e 26) of the f ive Ind ian s cho ­ �( Continue d frora Page 25 ) The P nobs cot Tribe is generally better off that the Pansar.1aqt"!.oddy Tribe, P.: �ckley said, b e caus e of the greater opportunity for eRploynent in the area of t he Penob s cot Re servation. Mos t Indi an s , he s aid , have a great attacbh!ertt to the land . They are often unwilling to i:iove to anot he r area to find work . Thi s accounts, in part, he said, for the poo rer po sition . of the Passamaquoddy Tribe . Er:lployment oppo rtuniti e s are few and far between in Washington County where their Reservations are loc ated . Many EassaDacp oddy children entering s chool have little knowledge of Eng­ Passanaqu od dy i s in oany c ases the language of the home . lish, he co nt inued . He said that thi s creates even greater problems than t ho se of children of French des cent who speak French at hone. French bears at least sone relationship to Engli sh, Hinckley said, while Passaruaquoddy bears none . Th e probleus the Indian face s are 3 00 ye ar s o ld, Hinckley said. The pov­ erty and prejudice faced by Indi ans today was well-do cl..D'Ile nted in the days of the American Revoluti on. (From the Waterville Sentinel, 11/29/67 ) " THE ENDURING INDIAN" This i s the title of the Departnent of Indian Affair s ' second new genera l information sheet :WUch consists of an article written by Dr . Nancy Oe streich Lurie , profe s sor of anthropology and chairr::ian of the Deparu�ent of Anthropology at the University of Wis consin, in Milwaukee . Havi ng a parti cular interest in conter.1porary Indian affairs , Dr . Iurie ' s article di scus se s Ameri can Indians in general ; the many mi sconceptions held about then by non-Indians; early rela tionships with European co loni st s ; the growing "pan-Ind i an" moveaent ; .changing governRent policies toward s Indians ; and current noveI!lents among Indian le aders throughout the country. " The Enduring Indian, 11 wh ich first appeared in Natural Hi story Magazine for November 1966, and is reprinted with penili s sion from the author and editor, should b e of int erest to all tho se inte�ested in Indian Affairs in general . It i s available without charge, on reque st, from the State Department of Indian Affairs, State House, August � Maine 0433 0 . MISCELLANEOUS NEWS - The Bo ston Sunday Globe of November 19th contained a feature article Illus­ by Andrea Scheriiler entitled " The Passanaquoddya --Maine ' s Stepchildren. " trated with photo s by the author, the article is the result of a vi sit of several days by Miss Schermer to the Reservations , and her correspondence with various individuals involved in Maine Indian affairs . Paula Moulton, of Kennebunk, spoke to the Cor:imunity Church (Unitarian ) in New York City on Nove1. ber 12th, for it s annual "Ameri can Indian Sunday" pro­ " It is th e one church in New York, 1 1 she said, "that as far as I know gram . Mr. and Mrs . Moulton involves it self primarily in the problem s of Indian s . 1 1 were workcaop l eader s at Peter Dana Point during the SUJ:ll!l. er of 1 966, in a volun­ teer p.t·o,i P c t. sµn n sm.·"lrl by t.hA Un i t.::i ri .qn -T Tn i n'n·:=i.q_) i 9 t. Se1: v j ce Cammi tte e . -1 1Mr . Hinck ley, fror.i the Mai ne Dept . of Indi an Affairs, was the gu est speaker Mr. Hinckley spoke about varic 1s in last week ' s Period X ( at Kent s Hill S chool ) . The talk ended wi th a ques­ things including the plight of . the American Ind ian . As a res'\Jlt of his talk, th e s enior class officer s havg tion and answer period . ci rculated a petition which will b e given to an alumni representative, requesting funds for the tuition of several · Indian students at Kents Hill next year . 1t (From th e Kennebec Journal, 12/14/67 ) �Pine Street i•IAIHE INDIAN NEWSIETTER i\EW EFFEC TIVE SUBSCRIPTION POLICY JANUARY 1, 1968 If you are an INDIAN, LIVING ON A RES­ ERVATION IN MAINE, now receiving th e Newsletter , no action is required you are known to be an Indian and will continue to receive monthly issues free-of-charge . - $0. 00/year - $2. 00/year ( Contribut ng ) : $5 . 00/ ear ;v ( Supporting ) - $10 . 00 /year ( Lifetirae ) - $50 . 00 Indian Non- Indi an (Regular ) II ti II If you are a NON-INDIAN, WHEREVER YOU now receiving the Newsletter , fill out and send in the subscripti on slip (below) WITH the appropri ate ao�ont . SubEcript ion ch arges will become effec tive in January; the money is needed now. . OR NON-INDIAN, SHOULD F ILL OUT THIS SLIP� If you are an INDIAN , NOT LIVING ON A RESERVATION m 1AINE, now receiving the Newsletter, fill out and send in the subscription slip (below) so you may continue receiving the Newsletter free-of- charge . - ALL NEW SUBSCRIBERS, EI THER - - - - INDIAN - - - - - LIVE, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I �uld like to receive regular monthly i ssues of the Maine Indi an Newsletter : DATE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ADDRESS __ _ (Street , or Post O�fi ce Box) Subsc ription rates : Indian TRIBE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ..._ AMOUNl' ENCWSEp: $ _ _ _ _ _ _ ZIP Code) State ( City Send INDIAN NON=.INDIAN - 0- , Non-Indian - $2 (Regular ) , $5 ( Contributing ) , $10 ( Support ing ) , $50 (Lifeti me) this slip, with your subscription charge, if appli c able, MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street , Fr�eport , Maine - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to : 04032 - - - � - - - - - - - - - - - - �•, MAINE nm IAN NEWSLETTER BULK RATE U.S. POSTAGE 2 7/8¢ PAID Pine Street Freeport, Maine 04032 Freeport , Maine Peroit No . 33 RETURN_ REQUES'IED Colby C olle ge Libr ary Watervi l le , Me . 04901 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Dec. 1967) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-465 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/12a95f3b79ee6ec5a47bf6a0fcd04fe3.pdf f1accf04ed0c34470119030c98a68212 PDF Text Text NEW VOLUME 3, NUMBER E 4 P E N 0 B S C 0 T N E W S Indian Island Girls' Club The Girls' Club would like to elcome Sister Eugenio to he Island. We are looking forward to her arrival. The club haF bL�n quit� successful in most projects it has worked on. Although the club shows a slight lack of motivation it will take on new projects and may soon join with the boys' club. This will be the start of a teen-age club with all members of high school age. Present members of the Girls' Club are Carol D ana, Presedent, Pam Norwood, Vice President, Faye Bisulca, Secretary, Mildred Lolar, Treasurer, Barb Fran�is, Sargent-at-arms. Division of Human Relations As most people know Sister Caritas who was working with the Bureau o f Human Relations, has recently been replaced. It has been pleasant know­ ing her. The teenagers of the island miss her and would like to thank her for all she has done in helping the club and others. We are sorry we did not see her �efo�e she left as neithe r of us kneN when she was to leave. We will soon be working with Sist�r Eugenio. 1 Indian Island Band The group from Indian Island will soon be fully organized. They have pl�yed at many dances at the Tribal Hall. It takes much work and practice but so far the group has stuck together. They have not yet ado�ted a name. Members of the group are Sparky Clark, Paul Francis, Mike Rance and Doug Frr.inr.is. attending college or away at school are Michael Ranco, Paul Jr� George Tomer and Erlene Paul at the University of Maine. Stephen Mitchell and Nicholas Dow are at Husson. At Eastern Maine '/n'!:-il:.i r.n�l Institute are Ow:::n Lolar and Geoffrey Goslin. Ava fou1�0, daughter of Mr. and fv'lrs. Irvin Ranco of Indian Island will soon be jojning the WACS. She will be stationed in Alabama, and will leave sorn8time in ,Jal'111ary. Boys in the Service There are about four boys from Indina Island ho are now in the service. Bi)gene Loring Jr. is in Viet Nam. John Mitchell Jr. and Kirk Loring are stS3.t.ioned at l.<' I:. lh·ae;g, Hoi·th r.l'n:o 1 -t na. Steven l'e1�tune h-"l.s just come ho:1c from the service. He was stationed in Francis S�ndP.nts Germany. Mr. and f111·r:-. lta 1 ph Brosch� rd and family cam� fl' om Somerville ' New Tersey t o v i.si . "t M r. and l·ko. P;:i '" •) ,,n Tru.U ::\H T:s 1 nnd. They c��me for the Th-3nksgivine HnlidA.y. · Carol Dana Penobscot Reporter �(2) BREAD AND WATER JAIL Rev. C. E. B. Harnsberger, a priest in the Rosebud Mission of the Epis­ copa1_�h�rcj}J has comp�����-���ence of bread and w�ter to Hitler's Gestapo. !imposed on a citizen of this country,., The former Rosebud priest, 1he wrote in a letter to the Rapid City now stationed at White River, made the comment after reading wherq the �ournal. Fr. Harnsberger lived in Bo• Hot Springs city court had sentenced &prings for seven years. three Indian persons to bread and "One questions whether such an water for fifteen days. The two men and a women also extreme penalty would have been imposed received fines with 30-day jail sen- on non-Indians, " rre added. Fr. Harnsbergcr noted that tences, Fr. Harnsberger said. ' The sentences were for public intox- trouble may corJe if citizens "can sit ication and disturbing the peace. back and be complacent about the type "I never thought that I would of justice that prevails in mAny o f our communities thruout the state. " live to see the day when a medieval He added that "we must be consentence of bread and water would be cerned about laq and order but we :just be just as concerned that justice (From the Rosebud Sioux Herald, Rose- prevails for all people--not justice bud, Sou-rll Dakota, December 16, i9t;8) 'for some 1 while oth rs are excluded." _ _ · j • • L E T T E R S T 0 • • • * • • • E D I T 0 R T H E Dear Editor, As former residents oD Pleasant Point, this it�m may be of interest to friends and rel�tives at the reservation. Miss Carol Ann Stanley 16, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Stanley is being honored for her corttribution to the Y. W. C. A. of the Hartford area. On Friday, Nov. 8th she left for Vashington D. C. and \"lill at tend the World Fellowship service in the National Cathedral on Sunday, tour the White House and visit Arlingtol') National Cemet�ry. Carol is a Junior at Penney High School, East Hartford, Conn. , SecAch i o'remP11 t and An active member of Blessed Sacre .ie n t C. Y. 0 . retary of Jun i. · Sincerely, Mr4 and Mrs. Jonn Stanley East Hartford, Conn. . • Editor, I received my fir st copy of Maine Indian Newsletter and found it very good reading. I also receive the American Hzritage every other month. The issue of December has a article on the Seneca Indian in Penna. and New York . The name of the ,article is "Cornplanter, can you sHim. " It is about the Allegheny Resevoir behind K�nzua Dam and the taking of 10, 000 acres' of the Indian only habitable land which ran along the Alleghany River, and deliberately breaking an Indi�n treaty in order to do sq. It was the oldest active treaty, made in 1794 with the Cornplanters, SPne��A and five other Indian rations. Thanking you for your fine publication. Clarence Avant Newburyport, Mass. (LETTERS con t.:i rni.ed on page 4) DON IT FORGF.T TO HF.NF.W ymrn Rlffi�,"!'IH1?TION N()T'l'rJRORRlJR RUOY WENER o·r 'l'EGROF TI NOD Dear • • • �(3) E D 'r.tiE i· - I T 0 R I A L S 1 ;� ··:NDIA..\T NE1·iS LETTER (�rrs.) Eugenia T. Thompson (Penobscot) 1ews and stories may be submitted to the Newsletter for publication at the following address: Maine Indian Newslett er, 42 Lib rt y St., Gardiner, Me. Zip code-04345 Tclephone-582-5435 EDITOR: A PUBLIC CHARGE "America has much to learn about the heritage of our American Indians.' �hese words of John F. Kennedy, in the introduction of the American Heritage Book nf Indians, places upon us a public charge as the old year ends and a new year begins. Now that t he fighting, massacring, killings arc over, (except on tv) we must lust for a new t ruth and a new approach to the Indian problam. We hope that the new lust will include a desire for rBflection in ourselves as members of a great tribe called America. To reflect of tha spiri.t which kept our Indian trib s together in times of hardsh�p and harves�, and t o reflect on continuing our concern for our brothers whether they b e red, black, -yellow or white, should be our foremost resolution. We hope for research to find the historical pag0s of misprint, mistruths, and omissions. We hope for a return to the history books and replace the errors \1ith t he truth. �Je hope for this renovation so t hat our children will read in th ir history books of proud, intelligent and cour­ ageous ancestors. We hope revenge ill not occur so our children with proper diet and e ducation will stand straight again. We hope that the nev year will not renege on it s prornis s and that we all can work for a better read yest�rday, a healthier and heartier today, and a bigger :and great r tomorrow. (ETT) NOTES Don It forget to send in your renC:ffrnlcoupon in order for you to keep on receiving the Newsletter. Please con ti nna to send in those clip11ings of articles on Indians, from your newspapers, newsletters, magazines, w can use.them. Continue to send in your friends names names, as we can send them a complementary copy of the Newsl�tter to acquaint them. Continue to write to us telling us what t ribe you are a member of, and what you have been doing, as the news is inter sting to our read�rs who include your relatives, and friends. Keep h�althly and God bless you. 1 (Continued from page 5) Advancement Awards for Graduate Study For more informatiQn, a student should write to the Graduate Registration Officer of the. department in w}ich he proposes to study, or to (Dean Robert K. Weatherall, Associat e Director of Adaissions, Room 3-132, ) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Caibridge, Mas�achusetts 02139. �(4) (!ETTERS continued from page 2) Dear Editor; Just a short letter to you, I get this Indian newsletter From Maine, and it is a very interasted, and that is good, I think them Indians got it made, and us Cherokees we are doing a very well, any way it good to be alive the next thing, I will be Published the Cherokee newsletter the next f ew months, I will be senting you one Each time. This is what I was want to ask you about, can you sent a man a News.letter? he is a fullblood cherokee Indian, Just like I aw full blood Cherokee, so he want to know if you can 'send him one ach month? Here is his name. (Editor's note: �.Je have added his name to our mail­ ing list and he will receive a subscript�on each month for as long as he is an Indian and as long as there is n. Ma i ne Indian �cwsl�tter.) Hes the man wants one each month, he ask 1.1e to write to you about it, I was at Maine about year ago this month, I was at Pleasant Point, I knew john Mi tche 11, he is at old t o,vn, Maine, also I knev1 Nary Yarmal, Theres is a few Pa:=;s::u,1aq1loddy Indians, that I know, and they know me to, I sing in Cherokee for them, and they so did liked my song, I think most Ev ry body did in state of Maine and also at Middletown Conn to: Well best wish to every body up there:: MY N.AflE IS SAl H HAIR HF.L LO EV �RY BODY FROM FRIEND Sam H Hair Tahlequah, Okla. • • • ] 1 n r-1 '-. �;.a.itor, I am curious who contributed for my subscription. I am v�ry pleased to receive it monthly. I am of Wabanaki descent through Nokomis, who still lives in South Portland, Me., and will be 82, Dec 1. She as born on Great Chebeague Isl�nd in Casco Bay, and grew up with many of the Penobscots and PasF;ar.1;:iqaor�<l i.e s who came there summers. Her family stayed all year, however. My wife is an Oklahoma Cherokee, from the city of Muskogee., and most of her relatives live there. rPlease enter a subscription for: Growling Bear (fenobscot) His Chr5stian name is Francis Curtiss Nicola (Nicolar), and he is son of Mr. and l"'irs. Ralph Nicola Sr., ..Vest St., Indian Island, Old Town, Le., grand­ son of late Chief Albert Nicholar. Growling Bear is pursuing Indian cultural employwent as a sideline. Hf: j i:: Rn elect1·orii c b=ichni ci.an, now at IBM. F.nclosed are three news items which may be of interest to your read­ ers. I work as AP wire editor one day a week when the r gular �ire editor has a day off. The (Ro�e) Sentinel publishes 6 days a week. Oth�r days, I cover Oneida ·county gcwerniaent. This is the home of the Oneida Ir.oguois Nation, and there �s a reserve in Oneida County, and another over the line in Madjson County, south of the City of Oneida. The two reserves are separ­ ated by Oneida Creek. Among the Onejdas is a St. Francis Abenaqui man, Raymond Robert O'Bom­ sawin, 11H� carries the torch", ( v�aban-sawino), son of the late Chief Louis Robert 01�omsawin. The family does not curr0ntly ·reside on the reserve, and I do �E�t have their address. He is a high-steel man; as are many One:i d-as. TtJ.C Mohawks, of course, a.re ®st famous for their high-steel work. If you want !.lOre information on who will be the next head chief of the Iroguois League, I suggest you in'quire of the adopted son of Chief Thomas, and please enter a subscription for him: Richard Brewer (Onondaga) I a:n coucer11ed lest the Penob�cot-Abena,g_ui 'dia 1 cct die out completely, ri11cl +h� l''l..n0�rnr•(111<••l1l.v- h,..1_,.,.,:i t:i� dialect be so ;trl11l tr:r<-'1t.Prl t:hnt. the Maine ( 'cr.nt'i.TL'\1.•� 1: ''11 I'·<lge 5) · �(5? (Continue d from page 4) Indian Youth lose its cultural bene fit and enrichment. May I suggest lan­ guage l0ssons each month in the The Newsletter? If you like, I will start the m, and other interested persons can continue them, fer as long as the paper is published. There ne ed never be an end. Also I am pleasc.d that such progress is being mado under Commissioner Hinckley, and I commend not only hiill but each Wabanaki illan and woman who has dete rmination enough to stand up and speak for what the y believe is right! Required re ading: "The New Indians", by Stan Steiner,. 1968, Harper and Rowe, $7.50 get it at the library! It tells about the new "red power" movement, and is an e xciting book. I went to the Uniy. of New Me xico with Herbert Blatchford (Navajo), mentioned in it. Clyde Warrior, also promin�nt in the book, died in July, was buried near Ponca City, Okla. The peace of the Great Spirit be with you. Richard Bounding Elk (Gaffney) Rome, New York De ar Editor, I thought you would find this article of interest and might want to incor�orate something from it in your e xcellent newsletter. I had a very intere sting trip into northern Quebec Province where I visite d several Cre e and Montagnais reservations. You can i@agine my sur­ prise to meet a Penobscot living on the Montagnais Boint Bleu Re serve on Lake St. Je 8f ! In the rorth-subartic region many Indians live in tents all ye ar round, even when the temperature dips to -60°. Non-Indians are not allowe d to hunt on re serve lands and commercial intere sts have not yet in� vaded their land. Sincerely yours Nicholas Smith - ADVANCE '.tEJ�T M/ARDS FOR GRADUA'rE STUDY Fortx f�:U-9�.§l!_ip� �!}�--�.§���tantships are offere d for award in 19691970 to promising students who in pursuing thPir educational objectives have had to overcome the handicaps of poverty or pre judice. The awards are e spec­ ially interldcd for Ne groes, Spanish-Americans, Mexican-Americans, American Indians, and residents of the Southern Appalachian and Ozark Mount�in areas. The awards are re st ricted to U.�. citizens. The awatds will support candidates for Programs of graduate study. Architecture, Biology, the master's or Ph.D degree in the following fields: Chemistry, City .Planning, Econo·ics, Engine�ring, Geology and Geophysics, Linguistics, Management Mathematics, Meteorolgy, Nutritio� and Food Science, Oce anography, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science, Psychology. The M.I.T. General Catalogue should be consulted for details of department' offer�ngs in these fi�lds. Programs ill be planned on an individual basis-­ following th� Graduate School's normal practice--to wee t students' particular circumstance s. Cha�acte� of the awards. Whether an award takes the furm of a fe llow­ ship or assistantship will d0pend on the recipient's preference and the adva�:­ tage s e ach t ype of award ap9ears to offer in his case. Each award �ill cover tu'tion and provide a stipend, afte r deductions, of not less than J200 a mon�� for a single student. Awards will range higher.for students with dependents and students giving other e vidence of financial n�ud. Awards will be renawe d from ye ar to year, in the furm of fellowship or assistantship support, nr all students making satisfactory progress. Application will be on the standard M.I.T. application form for grad­ uate school adwission and financial aid, obtainable from the Director of Af;. missions., A candidate should indicate on the rorm that he wishe s to be consj0ered for an Advance ment Award. !EE._lication �h���d_J?_���d�-�February 1. (Continued on page 3) �(6) DEAR READER, IF YOU WILL REIJEl.T YOUR SUFSCRIPTIOlT TO THE l'IBWSLETTER YOU CM! cm.rTINUE TO RECEIVE MOi: '.!.HLY C OPIES OF MAIHE' S OELY H1DIAN NEWSPAPER. YOU WILL lJOTICE Olil YOUR MAILING LABEL THE INITIALS FOR THE ABEREVIA TI0111 OF THE MONTHS OF THE Y EAR. YOU WHEN YOUR SUBSCRIPTION WILL RUN OUT. YOUR LABEL SAYS "DEC", J:..EY1�!l TELL THIS WILL FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE JANUARY'S NEHS AS Y< flR NAME WILL HAVE EEEN TAKEN OFF THE MAILING J.1ST. WE HAVE ENJOYED pu·n·rnc OU T THE NEWSLETTER AND HOPE THAT YOUR YOllR TN'll!:RF.S'f TN TT H IJ.T, COU'fJNUF.. JAS'f fAGE AND FILL OUT THE COUPON IF SO, AND SEND THEN TURN TO THE I N YOUR NAME . MOST SINCERELY, EUGENIA THOMPSON U.11HANS OF THE EASTERN S EAB OR D seahos:i:d Indians be J .•ugu.l t-o t.:hf! They were the Jood l and People. All of the Atlantic cultural di.vlfiJon kuown as fishfng, of all three. primarily a hunting, a combination or an agrh:ulLural The homes t he y built suited the weat her people or and their customs. In the �orth houses were conical shaped bark and round bark-cov­ ered wigwnms. In the central and also bark-covtred. of families. by stockades. ar e a they were long in sh ape Each house wa s occupied by a number Large village s were fortified and surrounded In the warm<"r climate, hou s es wer� open shelters with thRtched roofs. In the far north, Indians or t g i na te d the light birchbark canoe. Other boats were o�Je from lozs ch�r�ed on one side and then expertly gouged out and sh���d with sh�rp-ed5�d stones, shElls. For wint�r hor�, or strong travel over dc.�p snow the northern Indians invented the snowshoe and the tobagga n . (Fr m.!_nd_ians .Qf__�h�_J:a_:-tern Sca:·rn�Td, Price 15 cents) 201+02 Washington, D.C. - U.S. Pr int in g Office, �(7) STATEMENT IY RICHARD M. Issued to The NIXOl\ rational Congress of American Indians Omaha, Nebraska, Sept. 27, 1968 The sad plight of the American Indian is a stain on the honor of the Amer• ican people. Historically, thes� native Americans who shared the first Thanks­ givi g and guided restless explorers across the American continent have been deprived of their ancestral lands and reduced cy unfair federal polices and de­ meaning paternalism to the status of powerless wards of a confused-Great Uhite Father. Today, many of the 600,000 American Indians living on reservations suffer limitations, disabilities and indignities that few disadvantaged groups in America suffer in equal measure. Their infant mortality rate vastly exceeds the average for the nation as a whole. Their education level is inexcu!eably low in spite of increased federal spending on Indian education, and their motivation is sapped by an educational structure which forces them to reject their own culture as the price of educa­ tional ad,ancement. Their unemployment rate is 10 ti�2s the national average. Their average family income is far below the national average and, in some areas, below $500 per year. inety-five per cent of their housing is totally inadequate and im- provements are stymied by bureaucratic restrictions on efficient production. Off the reservations, many Indians, some of them unwisely relocated by the federal government, have not been successfully assimilated and find them­ selves confined to hopeless city reservations of despair because of lack of education and skills. The causes of these tragic problems cannot be confined to the 19th century era of expansion or excused as the gro,ing pains of the nation. The Indian people have been continuous victims of unwise and vacillating federal policies and serious, if unintentional, mistakes. Their plight is a citter example of what's wrong with the bankrupt old approach to the problem of minorities. have been treated as a colony within a nation - to be taken care of. They They should - and they must - be made part of the mainstream of American life. To their great credit, the Indian people are not occupying themselves with the errors of the past. Many of them - seizing thin threads of opportunity have ruade great contributions to our society. How they are striving for a brigh­ ter futu=e. To help them reach the goals that they themselves have set and will set, my administration will be pledged to the follouing policies: The special relation�hip between the fed�ral government and the Indian people and the special responsibilities of the federal government to the Indian people will be acl�nowledged. Te� in�tion of trib�l recognition will not be a policy objective, and in no case will it be imposed without Indian consent. ·!e must recognize that American society can allow many different cultures to flourish in harmony, and we must provide an opportunity for those Indians wishing to do so to lead a useful and prosperous life in an Indian environment. n1e right of self-<l("t:erm:in�tion of the Ind:i.an peo�le will be -res?ected and thr�i.r parti.c.l.pation in planniug their m.vn d��tiny w i.11 be encom.·aged. I will cppose any effort to t:Tn.n-,f::r juriscl • �tion over Indian Ileservations with011t Indian consent, will fully suppo!:"t the �Ia.c.: onal Council on Indian Op�wr­ tc.n:!.ty and en ure th.::!.t th� I=i.dian p'"'r,, ·1.e are fully consulted before progr�ms unc!er l7hi.ch the!' mu�t liv� .J.r-e plrnn�d. I '.1..l l arpo�nt a q··zli i:ir::d I:"'..C.a.a me�ber to the Indian Clair.is Co'IJlmission; wiJ 1 s�e to it that loca1 p?"q;r�.-:i'. �::�') .:'..:<Jr, 1 buc!g �i�s .a.rn o. crn.t�d with minimum bureaucra�ic restraint and in f1,) c0<i"nl t-ni..l n w:i :-ii th.e> 11�<lJ ::in people l>ho shoulO. (Continued on Page D) I ' �(8) (Continued from Page 7) achieve increasing authority and responsibility over programs affecting them. Independent school boards, funded at government expense, must be urged for each government .. run school. tion law and other programs. be under Indian management. Tribes should be urged to tate over reserva .. Road construction and repair activities should School service contracts for running school buses or for operating a school lunch program, should be funded as they are now but i should be an activity of the Indian people themselves rather than of the federal government • The economic development of Indian reservations will be encouraged and the training of the Indian people for meaningful employment on and off the reserva­ tion will have high priority. To date, / the basic error of attempting to ltrain the Indian work force only for off-reservation jobs has been the major cause of the lacl: of normal progress on the reservation. My administration will promote the economic development of the reservation by offering economic incentives to private industry to locate there and provide opportunities for Indian employment and training. Large companies uhich have already located on reservations have been highly impressed with the reliability and productivity of Indian workers. companies can provide a stable economic base for a reservation and can, should, Such and be encouraged to permit the Indian people to share in the fruits of their enterprise. The special development problems of smaller reservations will also be recognized and the administrators of government loan programs will be encouraged to take businessmen's risks in sponsoring Indian enterprises. Moreover, the recreation and tourist potential of Indian reservations can be improved as a source of continuing independent income which uould in turn fuel further Indian-sponsored development. tion. Job training for Indian people must ce accelerated on and off the reserva­ I have promised my full backing to the Vocational Education Act and will see to it that the Indian people enjoy the full tenefits of its provisions. 'llle administration of federal programs affecting Indians will be carefully studied to provide maximum efficiency consistent with program continuity. A first priority of my administration will be a thorough study of the executive branch by an independent connnission patterned on the Hoover Commission. The coordination of the various programs affecting the Indian people will be an important ttatter on the agenda of that commission. I will particularly direct that attention be given both to the ultimately desireable administration of Indian affairs and to methods by which a smooth transition from the existing structure can be effected. I will instruct the commission to eliminate needless bureaucratic levels which insulate decision­ making from the Indian people. Improvement of health services to the Indian people will be a high priority effort of my administration. Tile Eisenhower Administration revitalized health programs for the Indian people and sharpl sis and the infant mortality rate. y reduced the death rate from tuberculo­ Now new progressive steps are direly neces- sary. Looking to the future, my Administration will stress programs of preventive medicine, additional modernization of health facilities, and assure greater progress in the delivery of health services to the Indian people. The Indian people have long responded to deprivation and hardship by seeking to utilize the processes of orderly change. termination, Through their own ability and de­ not a few of them have achieved notable success. T·Te must seek to demonstrate to them all that our society is responsive to their patient pleas .and help them to live among us in prosperity, dignity and honor. �(9) CJU'JADI I DIAr� TP:.fil.ATEN Rl!.VOLT AS P VJ1rlTY �:GULFS ·:ORTMR.i� TRIBES by i'tichc.el Cope TORff�TO, town dump Bey. Cann.da - A pctheti c h&ndful of Can2dian India.ns f oraged in the at noosonee, e amall subArctic settlement at the southern end of Hudson They w ere looking for scraps of food thrown out by the white man. Already the bitter Arctic winter has fallen. Deep snow covers the ground and an icy / wind whistles in from the ice cap and tundra. They are Canada's second class citizens, eking out a humiliating, substand- ard existence on government handouts in filthy, tarpaper shacks. But the crushed Discontent in the spirit of the once fiercely proud Redskins is rising again. Indian tribes across Canada is boiling over into rebellion. At Toronto, 500 miles from Noosonee, the leader of the socialist New Demo­ cratic Part y warned in the Ontario Legislature: "Tµne is running out for the white man.11 "Either we act quickly to remove the national shame which has char&cterized our treatment of Indians in the past, or the difficulties of solving th e Indian problem will become bedevilled by Red Power with all its irrationality and vio­ lence born of years of f rustration and neglect. 11 The warning may be too late. On the Canadian prairies, W'lere the big Black.feet and Cree tribes live on larrl granted them by Engl�d 1 s "'!ueen Victoria, the revolt has already started. At �falo arrows in Saskatchewan, Red Power commcndos set fire to a �6,000 government patrol boat. Government Indian agents and conservation of ficers have had to arm themselves with rifles and pistols. Isoleted white far::n ers near the restless Indian reserves have taken to keeping a rifle as they plough their fertile wheatlands as tom-toms in the Indian villages beat out an endless, nerve-wracking rhythm • • • • One ·1etis (halfbreed) leader, Dr. Howard Adams, has warned the government in Ottawa both the Cree and Blackfeet are "organizing Red Power groups and linking up with Blac� Po�er f7"0Ups in the United States. Prime -inister Pierre Trudeau hims elf is alanned atout the Indians. "If there are the beginnings of a civil war here• •• it might be the Indians or the :iietis, 11 he has admitted. A prominent ·sociologist in Alberta, Jack Thorpe, who has spent a lifetime working with the Indians, predicts: "Thousands are ready to revolt now. We · will have riots here that will make Los Angeles and Detroit look like small stuff. 11 But while the Redskin braves oil their weapons and ochre their bodies in western Cc.nada, their problems. the e astern tribes are still seeking less violent solutions to The six-nation Iroquois in Ontario wants to send a tepresenta- tive to the next British Commonwealth Prime l1inisters 1 Conference in London next J anuary to negotiate their grievances - and their independence. And in ottawa, Khan Tineta Horn, a lovely 27-year-old 1'Iohawk Indian model and cover girl from the Caughnawaga reserve near Iontreal carried her fight into a federal government conference in the ornate Parliament Buildings. There she sent delegates screaming and scattering when she emptied a paper bagful of , live and dead rats onto th e chairm�n•s t able. As television cameras recorded it all, she yelled: "That's what the white man is using the Caughnawaga Indian lands for today - as a garbage dump for the city of · iontreal. 11 Behind this f'estering Indian unrest across the nation are the facts and statistics of poverty, loss of self resp ect, illiteracy c.nd a soaring birthrate which at 40 per 1,000 is even higher than the chronically overpopulated Orient and which will double Canada's present 250,000 Indian population by the end of the century. . Of 35,000 Indicns surveyed by a goverrment commission, more than one-third was on relief and death rate was 61% 33.31 for th8ir 'WOmen worked for less than years (compared with (compared to 64.1) (From the Bengor Daily News, 6 months of each year. 60.5 for other Canadians) ••• • 12/19/68) The average and 34. 71 �(10) MOHAl-)K UPRISU G TILOCKS ERIDGE . MASSENA, N. Y. (AP) - Unarmed Canadian police i·Tednesday arrested 48 Mohawk Indians who formed a human wall and blocked the international bridge lir.king Canada and the United States. The Indian uprising was in protest of Canada's alleged failure to live up to the 1794 Jay Treaty. The Mohawks, numbering about 100, had blocked the bridge with 25 automobiles. Indian men, women and children threw their bodies in front of tow trucks sent to clear away the wall of �iohawks and cars. There were no reports of injuries. Ernest Eenedict, one of the Indian leaders, spoke to the demonstrators that were left after the bridge was cleared and called them to a community meet­ ing on the St. Regis Reservation, which includes territory both in the United States and Canada. The Mohawks were up in arms over Canada's insistence on collecting customs duties from the Mohawks traveling to and from their reservation on the bridge. The Mohawks contend the bridge is reservation territory. The demonstrators car­ ried signs that read: "This is an Indian Reservation, Po Trespassing'; as they confronted police from Cornwall Island, Ontario State Police and Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The Cornwall Island officers, who handle peace duties on the reservation, made the arrests. The officers were not armed. Some Indian women, screaming, epithets, vere carted off the roadway and into waiting police vehicles. TI1e Indians hold that the Jay Treaty of 1794 - signed by Chief Justice John Jay as a special emissary to negotiate a treaty with Eritain - guaranteed the �lohawks the right to travel unhampered from both countries. Mohawk spokes­ men called for the five other nations of the Iroquois Confederacy to join with the St. Regis Reservation Indians in a massive 11lndian Power" demonstration to block traffic on the bridge. Automobiles began to filter across the br1dge around noon. Mrs. Kahn Cornwall Police Chief Allen Clark lost his hat in one scuffle. Tineta Horn, sister of one of the leaders of the protest movement, was arrested. The Mohnwks had sent a telegram to England-�s Queen Elizabeth, protesting the Canadian posture on collecting customs duties. t1embers of the tribe met with Canadian government officials Tuesday night, but no agreement was worked out. £Jew York State troopers shunted traffic away from the bridge on the American side during the morning. The 41 arrests were all on misdemeanor charges. Benedict, a graduate of St. Lawrence University, is a worker in a Canadian. government youth corps program. Protest spokesmen pledged to turn out 2,000 Mohawks for a similar blocka�e Thursday. There are some 6,000 Indians on the sprawling reservation, split about evenly between the American and Canadian sides of the border. The 48 arrested were returned to Cornwall Jail after they appeared in city court. Their cases were ordered held at least through Friday. Kahn Tineta Horn was charged with obstructing police and carrying a concealed weapon. (From the Portland Press Herald, 12/19/68) THE CALL OF THE WILD Folksinger/actress Buffy Sainte-Marie and Los Angeles designer Marne Murray have gone into the dress-designing business - the clothes naturally have an Indian motif. Among the traditional dyes used are chokecherry and sea urchin; access­ ories include Navajo-type velvet blouses, leggings, and hand-loomed fringed ponchos. Profits from these fashions .. to be sold under the label ';Maria Starblanket Maria Starblanket is Division of Ethnics" - will help support lndian causes. Buffy's real name. A numberof the fasbions were pictured in a recent issue of 1V Guide. �( 11) DONNA BYERS, NE AL CHAPMAN l'lED I N STATE STREET CHURCH At a ceremony Saturday evening in the State Street Church Chapel, Miss Donna Elizabeth Byers of State Street became the bride of Neal Winslow Chapman, son of Mr. and Mrs. Kendri·ck J. Chapman of Grandview Avenue, Auburn. The bride's parents are Mrs. Alberta R. Nicola of Center Street, Indian Island, and Donald E. Byers of Sherman Station. The brio.� wore a gown of ivory satin accented with ivory lace appliques · Her veil was caught to an ivory bow edged with of white roses, carnations and ivy. �earing a gown of moss green satin, for her sister. pearls and she carried a cascade Miss Mary T. Byers was maid of honor She carried a bouquet of red cnrnations and holly. LaForrest P. Horton was best man. A Allen Peterson and John Bruno seated guests. After receotion was given at the Grand International Exposition. a trip to Boston, the bridal couple will make their home on State Street. The brid� is a graduate of Old Town High School and the University of Maine. She is a social worker for the State Department of Health and Welfare in Lewiston. A graduate of Kents Hill School, the bridegroom is employed by the Maine Printing Comp�ny and is assistant manager of the Gate Coffee House. (From the Maine Sunday Telegram, of the Penobscot Tribe.) 12/22/68. Mrs. Chapman is a member GOVERNMENT GRANT SEEMS AN EXAMPIE OF COMMUNICATIONS GAP FOR N.B. INDIANS by Dean Rhodes WOODSTOCK, N.B. - Better communications to acquaint Indians with government decisions before ''two or three years have gone by11 is the goal of the president of the Union of New BrunsWick Indians, St. Mery's Band Chief Harold Sapp�er. Chief Sappier may be on the right track. Peter Paul of the Lower ':foodstock Maliseet Village and 71 others in Canada have been granted awards valued at more than $300,000 by the National Museum of Canada in ottawa. But Paul told the NF.vs Thursday he had received no notification of his award and didn't know what the award is for. 'What they mean by this award, I don't know, ,. exclaimed the blue-eyed authority on Maliseet custom and language. Although Chief Sappier was not speaking specifically of this award when he announced his goal, it seems a fair example of the communications gap between the Maliseet Indians and the government. Reports in the Canadian Press said awards were granted Paul and the others to cover study and research carried out during recent months. The 66-year-old Maliseet has analyzed Maliseet language with the head of ·Harvard's linguistics department, Karl V. Teeter, but Paul doesn't know whether a month's work here with Teeter last July helped to earn the award. The stud:i:ous 'throwback" who knows almost as much about the Maliseets as did his grand�arents, has worked for years at Canada's National Mu�eum in Ottawa in winter. There, ethuol0risl.. ,ord n Day ext.r:ict.s in.fol'mat.i.on on the Maliseets' dying language, foJklore and culture. Paul is due to return to the National Museum next month, and Dr. Day, laboring a bit like a dentist, again will operate on the Maliseet authority. Amidst fossils, stuffed animals and more than 27,000 Indian and Eskimo items in a room off limits to the public, and little known, behind-the-scenes work will go on. Paul and Day will tape record Maliseet names of Indian items moccasin laces, for instance, 'Chuch-Kwenob-I-Nul. '' Paul is a rare find among his 1,500 Maliseet brothers because culturally and linguistically his tribe is practically Anelo�q�xon. (Continued on Page 12) A cooper .by trade, �( 12 ) ( Continued from Page 11 ) Paul was raised by grandparents after his parents died following his birth , and thus he be came familiar with Maliseet language and folkways . The Woodstock Re servation ' s School had white teachers nfter 1911 , with Maliseet language discouraged , Children o� the 150-mernber band today attend s chool in the white man ' s town . The Maliseets have become angli ci zed . While as similation of Maliseet and white man accelerates , Paul helps Day salvage a culture be fore it dies . ( From the Bangor Daily News , 1/3 /69 ) " UD ALL ' S FREEZE'' STIRS ALASKA ANCHORAGE , Alaska - The first topi c of convers ation here in sub-zero wear · Udall ' s Freeze , " whi ch is now ther is not the weather but Udall ' s Freeze . 1 • two year ' s old , was the sequestering by Secretary of the Interior Stewart L . Udall o f. all federal lands i n Alaska until the century-old question o f native The federal government still owns about land claims is settled by Congress . 97% of Alaska ' s 3 75 -mi llion acres . 1"1hile the freeze i s on , the state c annot get title to the federal lands Nor will the federal it is authorized to select under the 1958 Statehood Act . government offer any of its own lands for mineral leases , either non-competitive or through competitive bidding . 11fi th the exceptions o f perhaps most of the state s 5 5 , 000 "natives " (Eskimo , Indians and Aleuts ) , the fre e ze has virtually all Alaskans very hot under their fur collars . Republican Gov . alter J. Hicke l , whom President-elect Nixon has chosen to suc ceed Udall , is no exception . When a reporter brought the subject up during an interview in the Governor ' s snow-banked home here , the Governor was more cautious than he had been in Seattle iust after Nixon named him. Then he had snapped , .fu at Udall can do by execu­ tive order , I can undo . '' . . Beyond the old , vexed question of the natives ' c laim to their immemorial hunting , fishing and trapping grounds , there is now the question of who owns the potential oil-bearing lands and thus does the competitive leasing which produces the rich " bonuse s " at the outset and hope fully the even ri cher royalties . t"lli a t is to be the natives ' fair share ? And what the state ' s ? Hicke l is very sensitive to any suggestion that he is not s�athet i c to the natives and their claims . . . . / Udall ins ists he had to impose the land freeze be cause o f a conflict in the laws . There are those who doubt whether Udall would have taken his action in December , 1966 , i f it had not been for the fact that the natives were sudden­ ly filing thousands of prote sts against leases and appli cations for leases . . . . The Governor argue s it would have been pos sible to go forward with state s ele ction of land and where there was a con fli ct with Indian c laims , the money from the leases could . have been put into a trust fund by mutual consent of Congre s s , the Interior Department , the state and the Alaska Federation o f Natives , representing the villages . . . . ( From +.he Bangor Daily News , 1/3 /69 ) 11 1• . MORE ON THE J AY TREATY ( See Page 10 ) The Portland Pre�s -Herald of December 20th reported that chiefs of the 6 Nations of the massive Iroquois Confederacy met on the St . Regis Reservation December 19th regarding the recent bitter demonstrations agairlst the Canadian government . The chie fs were to meet in the longhouse of the Mohawk Tribe and were expected to call for a moderate approach that would give Canada a chance to act on the Indian request to honor the 174-year-old treaty . Canada holds that it was not a nation when the treaty was signed by the ( Continued on Page 13 ) �= - ( 13 ) , ( Continued from Page 12 ) United Stat e s and Canada and has held firm on its right to charge customs due s to the Mohawks . The Portland E.xpre s s o f De cember 19th reported that the Jay Treaty was re a ffirmed be tween the two countries in Ghent ; Belgium , after the War of 1812 . r.anada J however , whi ch did not be come a nation until 186 7 , neve r rati fied the document . Canadian law spe cifies that legis lative action must be taken before a treaty has the force of law . Erne st Benedict , chie f of the Indians on Cornwall Is land , in an open letter to the Canadian people and government , said , ' '�rle have bec ome victims o f a gre at error o n the part o f your government . '' Benedict s a i d h i s people were re ceiving support , both monetary and moral , from other Indian tribe s i n the United State s and Canad 3 . Sources s aid i t has only been i n the past 3 w_e eks that Canadian customs o f fi cials began collecting duty on goods taken int o Canada from the United State s . A th orcragh study and the text o f the Jay Treaty may be found in " Jay '.s Tre � ty : A Study in Commerce and Diplomacy , · by Samuel Flagg Bemi s (Yale Unj ve rsity Pres� , New Haven and London , 1962 ) . Sj gni fi c ant port ions o f the treaty include the following from Arti c l e 3 : '' It i s ' agreed that it shall at all Times be free to His Maj e s ty ' s Sub j e cts , and to the Citi zens o f the United Stat e s and also to the Indians dwelling on either s ide o f the s aid B�undary Line freely to pas s and repass b y Land , o r Inland Navigation , into the re spe ctive Territories and Coun­ tri e s of the Two Parties on the Continent of Ameri c a ( the Country within the Limits of the Hud s on ' s Bay Com any only excepted ) and to navigate all the Lakes , Rivers and waters there o f , and freely t o c arry on trade and commerce with each other . . . . No Duty o f Entry shall ever be levied by eithe r Party on Peltrie s brought by Land or Inland Navigation into the s aid Territories re spective ly nor shall the Indians pas s ing or re ­ pass ing with thei r own Proper Goods and Effe cts of whatever nature pay for the same any Impost or Duty whatever . But Goods in bale s or other large Package s unusual among Indians shall not be cons ide red as Goods belonging bonafide to Indians . . . . '' The rights of Indians under the Jay Treaty are also di scus sed in volume III , page 753 , and volume V , pages 179 , 244 , 245 , and 383 , Digest o f International Law ( Washi ngton , Gove rnment Printi ng Offi ce , 1942 , 1943 ) by Green Haywood Hackworth . EDUCATION NEW S FROM THE Haverford Co l l ege , near Phi l ade lphia , we l come s Ind ian S cho l ar s hi p s are ava i lab le . Co l l ege , Haver f ord , Wr i t e t o : Penn sy lvania 1904 1 , in forma t ion • . !LOTA s cho lar ships this y e ar go Owyhe e , p ew a ) N.Y. 1001 7 ) s t ud ent s . Have rford or wr i t e to !LOTA and we wi l l get you to Maureen Manning of New Jer sey , who wi l l at tend air line s t ewarde s s New York , (men) D i re c t or of Admi s s ion s , Nevada , who at tend s Ba cone Co l l eg e i n Okl ahoma ; (From t he News l e t ter of Place , INDIAN LEAGUE OF THE AMERICAS the Ind ian Leage of ( S ho s �one -Pa iu t e ) and Sandr a Henry of (Chip ­ s choo l in Har t ford , t he Amer i c a s , Conn . S � Tudor Ci ty D ID YOU KNOW THAT Boy S cout s from R ichmond and Dre sden and G ir l S c9u t s from Woo lw i ch r e re n t ly 1we l " comed four Indian g ir l s from the Pol an d Spring Job Cor p s Cen t er ? gir l s wer e Dar lene Henhawk Te p s ich , of ( S en e c a ) and Ad e laide Hi ckman the Cho c t aw Tr ib e . from Seneca , from Penn sy lvan ia > N.Y. , The Ind l an and Ro s ie Greene , Anna T.ou1 s i an fl and Tenne see , memb er s �( 14 ) CANAD IAN GRANTS PROGRAM F our t e e n Alb e r t a Ind ian band s men t s gran t s - t o -band s program . gran t s are now oper a t ing under And , of the t o run the ir own admin i s tra t ion . commun i ty programs , t ion gran t s . 14 , the Canad ian gove rn ­ s ix have r e c e ived ou tright The gran t s cover admin i s tra t ion c o s t s , the c o s t of b a s i c s u c h as t o s t aff , a n d re crea­ s a lar i e s The rema i n ing e ight band s have been g iven gran t s to b egan an admin i s tra­ t ion training program t o enab l e Ind i an s t aff on t he vari ous re serve s to be t augh t admi n i s trat ion procedur e s . " The l\rogram is g o ing a l ong we l l now , 11 o f admini s tr a t ion with peop l e are g e t t ing more and more $ 2 , 200 to $ 34 5 , 8 5 6 , s a id Vern Bou l tbee , invo lved . " depend ing on the (Gran t s programs and the to p a s s re s o lu t ions s aid . 1969 . say ing " The b and s , at that " The the bands range from s i z e of the b and s . ) A l l the gran t s cover the f inal par t of t he Ind ian a f fa ir s ' which end s in Mar ch , supervi sor the reg ion a l Ind ian a f f a i r s o f f i ce in Edmonton . f i s c a l year time , wi l l be reque s ted they wan t to c ont inue with the program , " Mr . to Bou l tbee 1he Ind i an a f fairs depar tmen t has n o t r e c e ived any o t her app l i cat ions t o oper a t e under the program , but more are expe c ted from o ther Ind ian band s when t he new f i s ca l year approache s • • • (From the Ind i an Re cord , Winn ipeg , Mani toba , Canada , De cember 1 9 6 8 ) OGI..ALA S IOUX T O S TAR IN "A MAN CALLED HORSE" Edward Li t t le Sky , Hor s e , C a l l e d Hor s e . " t i on , a fu l l -b lood Og l a l a Sioux and a grand nephew of crazy has been s igned by producer Sandy Howard for the "heavy" ro le in "A Man A one - t ime rod e o r ider from Sou th Dako t a ' s Pine R idge R e s erva­ he wa s brought to p i c ture s by Wa l t D i sney and recent ly fini shed a gue s t s t ar r o l e i n ·a s egment o f '!V ' s " The V irginian . " In Durango , t he Mex i c o , he j o in s 6 5 Bru le Sioux , brothers o f t he Ogl a l a in Te ton group , who have b e en broug h t from the Rosebud Re s ervat ion to b e t he extr a s . The mov ie i s a s tory of an ' Eng l i sh ar i s t ocrat cap tured by Ind ian s in 1 8 25 and the ar i s t o cr a t wi l l be p l ayed by Br i t a in ' s Dame Jud i t h And e r s on . Ander s on i s l earn in g Mr . Ri chard Harr i s is b e ing taught the S i oux language by Mr s . S i oux . Pre t tyb ird . the he l p o f Ol ive Harr i s wi l l p l ay a whi t e s lave who achieve s warrior s ta t u s wi t h · t he ch i e f , L i t t l e Sky . E i g h ty percent of the d ia logu e wi l l be in ( Lako t a ) and au t he n t i c i ty coun try Mi s s the S ioux language and wi l l appear a s a s quaw speaking is s tr e s sed • • • Later , the original S ioux language the locat ion wi l l be in Sioux • • • (F rom the R o s ebud S ioux Herald and the Nat ive Nevadan) CLER IC CIAIMS WHI TE S BROKE VOW TO INDIANS Plymou t h , Ma s s . - (UPI) - The Rev . Gerald Kr i c� say s Ameri can s have broken a 34 7 -year -o ld vow - made t o t he Ind ians af ter the f ir s t Thank s g iv ing - that the whi t e s e t t l e r s "would no t wrong them or g ive them any jus t Kr i ck , The Rev . s a id the Ind i an s were o f t hanks in 16 2 1 . cau se aga in s t u s . " speaking y e s t erday from the s i te o f t he f ir s t Thank s g iving , large ly r e spon s ib le for t he s e n t ler s ' survival and fe a s t B u t whi t e Ama r i ca , h e s a id , ha s proved i t s e l f "ungrateful" b y turning its back on the Ind ian when he n e e d s he lp . The Rev . Kr i ck t o l d a Thank s g iv ing c ongregat ion dre s s e d in t he c lo th e s tha t t he or i g in a l s e t t ler s wer e s o thankf u l to t h e Ind ian s 11 "We wou ld no t wrong them or g ive them any j u s t cau s e again s t u s . o f t h e ir f ore f ather s t hey p l edged : (From the Prov id ence (R . I . ) Evening B u l le t in , 1 1 / 29 / 6 8 ) �MAINE I ND IAN NEWSLETTER 42 LIBER TY S TREET GARD INER , MAINE 04 345 DON ' T DELAY ! TO GET LOCAL AND LONG D IS TANCE INDIAN NEWS , DELIVERED TO YOUR DOOR EACH MONTH ! The fo l lowing sub s cr i p t ion r a t e s are charged for a 1 2 -month sub s cr ipt ion to THE MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Indian - FREE Non - Ind ian (Regular ) - $ 2 . 00/year " (Con tr ibu t ing ) - $ 5 . 00/year " ( Suppor t ing ) -$ 10 . 00 / ye ar " (Lifet ime ) - $ 50 . 00/year If you are a NON- INDIAN , wherever you live , f i l l out and s end in the sub ­ s c� ip t ion s l ip (below) W ITH the appr o ­ pri a t e amoun t . Your sub s cr i p t ion wi l l begin with the next availab le i ssue a f t er your sub s cr i p t ion s l ip ls received . If you ar e an INDIAN , wherever you l ive , f i l l out and send in the sub s cr ip t ion s l ip (b e l ow ) , iden t i fy ing your Tr ibe and enc l o s ing NO money . The addr e s s l abe l s . ind i ca t e the s tatus "F-I" means of your sub s cr iption . "Free -Indian . " The abbreviat ion o f a month ( JAN) i s the time - next y ear your sub s cr ipt ion fee wil l again �e � ill!, � ge t !.!!. ind iyidual due . {Com­ expir a t ion no t ice , � � �! p l imentary and Exchange sub s cr ip t ion s do not require renewal . ) · � - - -� -- - - - -�- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ·�� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �-- - - - - - - -- --�- - - - -�· - - - - - - I would l ike to receive mon thly regular i s sue s o f the Maine Indian News le t ter : � DATE__ _ __ __ _ __ NON-INDIAN ADQRESS I� IAN n - ­ --=� ( S tree t or P . O . B ox ) (C i ty S t ate Sub s cr ip t ion r a t e s : Z I P Cod e ) Indian -0- ; TRIBE------ _ _ AMOUNT ENCLOSED_ Non-Ind tan - $ 2 (Regular ) ; $ 10 ( Suppor ting ) ; Send this s l ip > with your sub s cr ipt ion charge > $ 50 $5 if appl i c ab l e , MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER 42 Liberty S tree t , Gardiner , Maine (Con tr ibu ting ) ; ( L i fe time ) to : 04345 - · - - - - - - - � - - - - - - - - - - - - - � - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ·- � - - - - - - ' D on ' t forge t your ZIP Code ! �/ MAINE INDIAN NEW SLETTER BULK RATE U. S. Gar d iner > Ma i n e POS TAG E 3 . 6 ¢ PAID 4 2 Lib er ty S tr e e t Free por t , Maine 04345 Permi t No . ADDRE S S CORRECTI ON REQU E S TE D ib r &T Y e ge Co lb y C o l l C o l le ge Co lb y 04 90 1 , Ma in• W te x v i l l e J 33 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Dec. 1968) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-457 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/7eb8c50def326ef3ae81d91f2e180e07.pdf e32a8c590c650f6b156dc04d97abb68e PDF Text Text MAINE�I NEWS LET Tc c FEBRUARY V OL UME 1, NUMBER 7 1 96 7 NEW SERV I CES REQUESTED IN IND IAN BUD GET MAY MEAN NO SERV I CES RECOMMENDED BY MAINE GOVERNOR CURT I S (E d . no t e : t h e N e w s le t t er tak e s a look at the s er v i c e s whi ch migh t b e cu t from the budg e t r e que s t s o f the D e par tmen t oI Indian A f fa irs. S e e page 11 i f you wou ld like to he lp r e s tore th e s e r eques t s . ) (A mt . r e ­ qu ir e d) ($ 2 9 ,25 6) a) ( $15 , 964) b) ( $11 , 90 8) c) ( $ 7 , 696) d) ( $ 806 ) e) ( $1 6,146) f) ( $ 7 ,5 92) g) Requ e s te d in cr.ea s e would: ( $7 , 9 82 ) h) ( $2 ,500) i) ( $ 9 9 , 850 Tota l) In crea s e pay o f 6 Tr iba l Po licemen (2 for ea ch Re s er v a tion) to $ 4 ,238 per year ( compar e d to pr e s ent pay of $1 800 a ye ar); Cr ea t e a D e par tmen t Hou s ing-and-Con s tru c tion O f fi c er po si tion a t $ 7 , 9 82 per y ear( pr e s en t Hous ing-and-Con s tru c t ion O ffic er is b e ing su ppor t e d for on e year by the Ameri can Fr iends S er­ v i c e Co mmi t t e e); Cr ea t e a So c ia l Work er I I po s i t ion b eg inning at $5 , 811 per y ear for the Pa s samaquo d dy f i e ld o ff i c e; Cr ea t e a D e par tment C l erk- Typist I I pos i t ion beginning a t $3 , 75 7 p e r year; Provide for r e c la s s i fy ing De partm�pt Clerk-Stenographer III� b.b a C l erk I V; Cr ea t e two A c count C l erk- I po s i t ions b eginning a t $ 3 , 93 9 per y ear for th e Pa s samaquo ddy and Penob s co t field o f fic e s; Cr ea t e a D e par tment So c ia l W e l far e O f fi c er pos i t ion beginning a t $ 7 , 5 92 per year (b eginning in 1 96 8-1 969); Cr ea t e a D e partm en t E conomi c-and-Human D e v e lopmen t O f f i c er po s i t ion , beginning a t $ 7,5 92 per y ear (beginning in 1 9681 96 9); Provide for in cr ea s e in Commi s s ioner' s sa lary . Th e above s erv i c e s r e qu e s t e d were " c u t " from the bu dg e t ·( Par t I I) . Th er e was no r e comm enda t ion by th e go v ernor to in c lu d e any o f the abov e. Th is m eans tha t the D e par tm en t o f Ind ian A f fairs wi ll be exi s ting on i t s sk e le ton bu dge t for the n ex t t�o y ear s . Th e pre s ent bu dg e t amoun t s to $ 46 ,470 per y ear, prov iding for salar i e s and wage s to c las s i f i e d s ta t e employ e e s . (Con t inu e d on pag e 2) �(2) NEl/f SERVICES N O SERVICES (C ontinued fr om page 1) • • • (Ed. n ot e : The f o l l owing increas e s that were r e que st e d f or 1967-1968 ar e­ F or the year 1968-1969 an in cr ease. of $8 6,488 is r e qu e st e d . Th e r e c omm e n d e d b u d get '' c ut" a l l ows only $30,000 a ye ar f or t he· f o llowing s er­ vi c e s . ) $74, 477. (Amt . r e­ quir e d ) R e quest e d i ncr e ase w o u ld: ($3,600) a) ($1,440) b) ($10,080) c) ($53,040) d) ($18 '096) ($26,715) e) f) ($19,968) g) ($2,400) h) ($2,000) i) ($22,100) j) ($1,526) k) C h 60,965 In cr e a s e pay o f 3 Tribal G overnors t o $600 per year (19E71968) and t o $1200 per ye ar (1968-1969). Pa y si nce J uly·l, 1966 has b e e n $300 per ye ar; pri or t o July 1,1966 it was $100 p er year ); In cr e as e pay o f 3 Tribal Li e utenant G o v ernors t o $240 per . ye ar (1967-1968) and t o $480 per ye ar (1968-1969). Fay sinc e July 1,1966 has b e e n $120 per year; pri or t o July 1, 1966 has b e en $50 per ye ar�; Pr ovi d e pay f or 24 Tri bal C o unci lm ember s at $180 per year (1967-1968) and ax S240 per ye ar (1968-1969). (At pr e s ent , t he y r e c ei v e no pay ); Pr ovi d e f or 3 R e s ervati on C o nstr ucti on F or ew e n at $7,800 per ye ar plus e xpens e s , r e quir e d f or d e sir e d hom e c onstru ct i on pr ograms on e a c h R e s ervati on; Pr ovi d e pay f or 3 Tribal C l erk s , b e ginni n g at S2, 938 per ye;. Pr ovi de pay f or 3 Tribal Maint e nan c e me n , b e gin at $4,342� per year; Pr ovi d e pay f or 3 Tri b a l Hallk e eper s , b e gin at $3,250 per year; Pr ovi d e f or rental o! Tribal P o li c em e n' s uni f orw s (now b ei n g pr ovi d e d b y the M aine C o uncil o f C h ur c h e s ); Pr ovi d e f or fir e pr ot e cti on fr om the City o f O l d T o wn f or t he P e n o b s c ot R e s ervati on; Pr ovi d e f or ne c e s sar y i ncr e a s e s in trav e l, t e l eph one and o per atin g e xpens e s t o s upport r e que st e d new positi ons; Pr ovi d e f or ne c e s s ar y i ncr e a s e s in o f fi c e s uppli e s f or th e r e que st e d new p ositi ons . T ot a l ) The ab o v e s ervi c e s were !! c ut" d o1,vn t o only $60,000 f or th e y e ars 1967-1968 and 1968 -1969. Wit h thi s c ut the H aine Indi an.:n ot.�·mal9e any pa±egie.§s i n d e v e l oping the r e s our c e s, t h at c ou ld mak e the R e s ervati ons an attracti v e place t o liv e as we ll as t o visit. .... A r eq ue st e d i n cre as e in t h e b udget f or p erm ane nt eq uipm e nt and fi e ld e q ui pme nt am ounting t o $2,500 f or 1967-1968 and 1968-1969 had b e en " c ut" t ot a l l� fr om t h e In di an A f fair s b udget (part II ) . Thi s m e ans t hat th e D e p­ artm e nt wi ll b e op erating on a b udget o f $948 f or capita l eq ui pm e nt. · In ad diti o n t o D ep arthl e nt a l fund� f or R e�airs and Mi n or Irapr ov em e nts on the thre e R e s er v ati on s , the foll owi n g fund s have b e en r e qu e st e d f or m aj or R e s ervati on c on structi on pr oj e ct s: ( Continue d on page 4) �(3 ) E D I ·T 0 R I A L S THE MA INE IND IAN NBdSLETTER ED ITOR The Maine Indi an N ew s lett er and i s fr ee.. o f c har ge. • • • E UGEN IA T. TH OMPS ON (Pe no b s cot ) i s Maine' s only st at e-wi d e In di an n ews lett er , N ews and �tori e s may b e submitt e d tq the N ew s le�t er b y t h e 15th o f e ac h month for pub li c ation at t h e fo l lowi ng addr e s s : Pi ne Str e et Fr e e port , Maine 0 4032 (Te le phone : 8 65-4253 ) L ett er s to the E ditor ar e w e lcom e b ut must con for m to the rul e s r e quir e d b y e v er y N ewspap er . T h e y must b e ar t h e writ er' s corr e ct name and addr e s s a lt ho u gh p e n name s ar e per mitt e d at t he discretion o f t h e E ditor . A l l lett er s must b e si gne d t ho ugh name s will b e wit hhel d from p ub lication o n r e que st . Pr e fer e n c e wi ll b e gi ven to lett er s not over 35 0 wor ds i n ...l en gth . Lett er s are s ubj e ct to cond e n s ation or e diti n g when s p ac e limitations r e q uir e and to corr e ction o f gr am, er or ob viou s error s . A START • • • W h e n the 102nd L e gi s lat ur e e st ab li s h e d the Mai n e D e par.tment o f Indi an A f fair s , it appe ar e d a s t ho u gh t her e was le gi s lativ e int e nt to do somethi n g for the I n di an s aft er all t h e s e ye ar s . It di d not app e ar as t ho u gh le gi s l at ur e want e d to k e e p t h e Indi ans as t h e y wer e , b ut want e d It wi ll tak e a r e stor ­ t o h e lp po lis h th eir prid e a s ori ginal Am eri ca n s. ation i n the b ud get (part I I ) t h at was pr e s ent e d b y the Departm e nt of I ndian A f fair s to mak e a st art in r e- b ui ldi ng a herit age o f which we c an a ll f e e l a part . With the last two ye ar s o f planni n g b e hind the new d epartm e nt o f layi ng t h e gro undwork , s ur e ly it wo uld b e ni c e to t hi nk o f t h e 103r d L e gi s lat ur e as making a start in getting t hings done for t h e I ndi ans . T h e b ud get r e qu e st s for e xpandi n g s er vi c e s s u c h as n ew per sonne l to as si st in provi d•ihg· ad e quat e po li c e , fir e prot ection, wat e -r and s ewer a ge syst e ms and in t h e constr uction o f home s, ar e a start . Your s upport o f t h e b ud get propo s als wil l gain the att e ntion o f mem b er s of le gi s lat ur e who wi l l b e li st e ni n g t o yo ur opi nion . S e e page i l under Indi an Af fair s B udg et H e aring, for instr uction on gi ving yp ur s upport . LE T T E R S .(Ed. not e : The fo l lowi n g l ett er was s e nt to t h e Mai n e I n di an N ew s lett er from Go v. John St e v e ns , as t hi s copy o f t h e l ett er was s emt to him . ) R aymond F . S ar ge nt , Inc. G e ne r a l Contractor P . O .Bo x 539 El lsworth , Mai ne Re : Co l lection Tr e atme nt Expansion and Tr e atm e nt Faci lit y P eter D ana Point , I ndi an Townshi p , Pri n c eton , Maine D ear Sir: T hi s l ett e r i s i n r e s po n s e to the conv er s ation we had at D ana Point on J�ly 27 , 19 6 6 r e gardi n g prob l em s we mi ght e n count er duri n g t h e �onsttirctio (Continu e d on page 4 ) �(4) NEW T it l e a) b) c) d) SERVICE S NO SERVI CES (Cont in ue d fr om page 2 St at e Fun d s R eq u e st e d Pleasant P o int S ew erage S y st e m $ 129,900 Pleasant P o int W at er S ystem 38,000 P e t' er· D an a P o int W at er Syst e m 73,800 Pen ob s c ot W at er & S e wer age System 63 , 000 --..-. S u bt ot als �� �- $304,700 e) f) g) h) Peter Dan a P o int C oillJ'.ll un it y B l d g . $ Pen ob s c ot C omm un it y B u i ldin g Pr in c et on " Str ip" S ewerage S yst e m Pr in c et on " Str ip'' W at er Syst e m S u bt otals 34,ooo 35,100 62,200 72,700 Fe d eral Funds Ant i c ip at e d $ 109, 000 30,000 60,900 51,800 $251,700 $ 29:300 30,300 50,200 59,600 $204,ooo Tot al s $169,400 $508,700 $421,100 The st at e r e c omm en d s that the f irst f our pr oj e ct s be list e d quit e " h i gh" i n t h e o v erall St at e C on str uct i on B ud get . I f t he s e .:_Jroje ct s r ew ain in this p os it i on in t h e St at e C on str uct i on B udget , th er e is a good chan c e that t h e y w il l b e fun de d . H ow e v er, t h e st at e r e c omm ends pla c in g the last four pr oject s list e d av ove v er y " l ow" in t h e overall St at e C on str uct i on B udget. I f the s e pr o ­ j e ct s remain in this p o s it i on in t he Stat e C on str uct ion B ud get , it is extr em e ly unl ik el y that the y wi l l b e f un de d . ( Se e pag e 11 f or mor e d et ai l o n t h e l os s o f f e d eral f unds as w e l l as the h ous in g pr oj e ct f or the " Str ip". (Ed. n ot e: Y o ur h e lp as inter e st e d in divi duals , an d organ iz at i ons in s upport im g t h e M a ine In dian t o r e st or e the expan d e d s erv ic e s t o the budget o f t he D e partment of In dian A f fair s w o uld be appr e c i at e d . ) (L E T T E R S ) (Ccnt i� u e d fr om page 3 ) on t h e ab ove c apt i on e d pr oj e ct . On this pr oj e ct as on an y c on str uct i on pr oj e ct w e have enc o unt er e d var i ous pr ob lem s . As the s e pr ob lems m at er ial­ iz e d, the en gin e er in g f irm of Wr i ght , Pier c e, B arn e s & W ym an have d on e an ex c e l lent j ob o f r e ct i fyin g the pr oblems � ithout an y de lay t o us on the proj e ct . S e c on d ly I w ould l ik e t o st ate that G ov ern or J ohn St e ven s and the pe ople at D an a P oint hav e b e en v er y c o operat iv e dur in g the c our s e o f the c onstr uct i on. On m ost of our pr oj e ct s we en c ounter a gr e at d e al o f vandal­ ism, s u c h as t h e ft an d damage of mat er ia l an d e q uipment . T h is has n ot b e en the case at D an a P o int . In fact we have mis p la c e d num er o us .t o ol s , e q uipmen t et c . dur in g t h e c o urs e o f c onstr uct i on on the pr oj e ct which w er e foun d by t he p e ople at D an a P o int and r et urn e d t o us . Very un usual in de e d . An other p o int I would lik e to mak e is in r e gar ds t o the lab or f or c e at D an a P o int. On s e v er al o f o ur pr oj e ct s we hav e f o un d a s h ortage of l o c al lab or . At D an a P o int w e w er e ab l e t o f in d en o u gh l o c al lab or o f the c alib er ne e d e d t o d o most phas es o f the pr oj e ct. In fact w e hav e had tw o m en·fr om D an a P o in t that w er e ex c e pt i on a l w ork ers. I have t a lk e d w it h man y pe ople who hav e a gr e at mis c on c e pt i on o f t he pe ople at D an a Po int. I w ould have t o s ay aft er b e c omin g b ett er ac quaint e d with t h e pe ople an d t h e ir pr ob lems at D ana P oint th e y ar e in n o w ay d i ff er eL ( C ont in ue d on page 16) �(5) MEET YOUR INDIAN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE The present 103rd Legislature in February appointed a Joint Select Com­ mit tee on Indian Affairs "to handle the heavy load of bills pertaining to Indian Affairs" expected during the current session. An Indian Affairs Committee of the legislature was in existence from at least 1917 through 1949. In 1951, following a report by the Legislative Research Committee, the total number of legislative committees was reduced from 41 to 23, and the Indian Affairs Committee was one of those eliminated. During the 102nd legislative session, 19 bills pertaining to Indians were introduced, and were referred to 7 different rommittees of the legislature. With this number of committees holding hearings on Indian Affairs bills, it was difficult for Indians or others to be present at all the hearings to offer testimony on the bills. The Newsletter is pleased that the 103rd Legislature has recognized these problems and has created an Indian Affairs Committee once again. The estab­ lishment of this committee will certainly make it easier for the Legislature to collect testimony on the many important Indian Aff�irs bills which are being presented to it. The Indian Affairs Committee (like all legislative committees} is composed of three Senators and seven Representatives. The membership is listed below; the biographical information is taken from the special publication of the Daily Kennebec Journal for the 103rd Legislature. MEMBERS Senator Herald J. Beckett (Committee Chairman) Born in Eastport. 5 Key Street, Eastport, Washington County. Age 70. Republican. Congregational. Married. Insurance Agent, Real Estate Broker. Educated in Eastport schools, U.S.Army Mechanical School. Member, Eastport Republican Committee 30 ye rs; Republican State Committee 10 years; finance chairman, Republican County Committee one year. Washington County Commissioner, 1937-1966; chairman of board 1956-1966. Senator Theodore S. Curtis 23 Main Street, Orono, Penobscot County. Age 66. Born in Freeport. Republican. Protestant. Married, four children. Educated University of Maine, B. S. Faculty manager of Athletics, Emeritus. Member, Orono planning board. Member, State Executive Committee and State Camp Committee, Y�M. C. A. Past president, New England College Conference on Intercollegiate Athletics. Past secretary-treasurer Yankee Conference and New England Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Trustee, Lee Academy. Member, Maine Natural Resource Council, Masons, Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. Senator Frank Norris West Peru, Oxford County. Age 57. Born Lithuania. Democrat. Mar­ ried, 3 children. Educated Mexico, Peru & Dixfield High School. Member School Committee. Selectman. Past Democratic Town Chairman and County Trea­ surer of the Democratic Party. Member Peru Town Committee. Member of the 102nd Legislature. Representative Catherine Carswell 26 Panoramic View Drive, Portland, Cumberland County. Age 44. Born Brighton, Mass. Democrat. Catholic. Married. Licensed cosmetology in­ structor and owner of Suburban Beauty Salon. Educated in Portland parochial (Continued on Page 6) �(6) (Continued from Page S) MEMBERS • . . . and public school systems. Graduate of Portland High School, Golden School of Beauty Culture in Portland. Member of Mental Health Task Force, Maine Council of Social Agencies, Portland League of Women Voters and Business and Professional Women's Club of Portland. Member of Portland Democratic City Committee. Organizer and past president of ,Saint Catherine Guild of Saint Joseph's Home for Aged Women. Member Cumberland Democratic Women's Club. Member of Health and Institutional Services Committee and Retirement and Pensions· Committee. House chairman, Health and Institutional Services Committee. House chairman, Retirements and Pensions Committee. Member, Legislative Re­ search Committee - 102nd Legislature. Elected to 98th, 99th, lOOth and 102nd Legislatures. Representative Warren H. Cookson RFD No. 1, Bangor, Penobscot County. and 102nd Legislatures. Republie an. Member of the lOlst Representative Nicholas W. Danton 12 Milliken Street, Old Orchard Beach, York County. Age 47. Born in Biddeford. Democrat. Greek Orthodox. Married. Attorney. Educated Biddeford High School, Roosevelt Aviation School, Mineola, N.Y., Hawthorn School of Aeronautics, Orangeburg, S.C. , Portland Junior College, Portland University. Member of Old Orchard Democratic Town Committee, York County Democratic Committee. Member of 102nd Legislature. Representative William E. Dennett 185 Rogers Road, Kittery, York County. Age 58. Born in Portsmouth, N. H. Republican. Protestant. Married, two children. Insurance and Real Estate. Educated at Portsmouth, N.H., Elementary and High Schools. Selectman Town of Member of the House 94th, 95th, 96th, 99th, lOOth and lOlst Legis­ Kittery. latures. Representative Neal A. Jannelle Born in Portland. Ferry Road, Scarborough, Cumberland County. Age 37. Republican. Congregationalist. Married, four children. Educat�d at Scar­ borough public schools, (CED) courses University of Maine, Portland. Building contractor, Licensed Real Estate Broker. Nine years selectman, assessor of Scarborough; chairman for two years. Served on several local boards and committees. Member of the Lions. · Representative Frank J. Miliano 11 South Street, Eastport, Washington County. Age 39. Bor n in Long Former Eastport Retail rrerchant. Catholic. Republican. Ysrnber Arrerican Legion, Eastport Fire Departrr.ent, Republican Chief of Police. Island, N.Y. Town Committee. Representative Raymond M. Rideout, Jr. Age 41. Born in Portland. I".anchester, Kennebec County. Repub lican. Educated at Universit y of :Maine, B�A. Ma.rried, four childre n. Protestant. Alderman and Mayor, City of Hal lowell. in Business Administration. of World W�� II, Combat Engineers, ETO. Veteran The Newsletter congratulates these legislators on their Committee assign­ zrent and is confident that they will give thoughtful consideration to al l Indian legisla�ive natters, both on the Committee and in the House and Senate. �(7) PINE RIDGE MOCCASINS In February, 1967, the Dakota Moccasin Company is expected to begin operations on the Pine Ridge Reservation at the southeast end of Pine Ridge town. It is expected that the company will employ 75-100 people. Initial production is expected to reach 250 pairs of moccasins per day, with a max­ imum of 2,000 pairs a day at its peak production. Six workers began training December 1st and from this group will come the plant foreman. Lake Church Leather Products of Belgium, Wisconsin, is the parent company of Dakota Moccasin and it will supply the manager. (From Indian Times, Denver, Colorado, December 1966) A NEW DAY FOR THE AMERICAN INDIAN By Hubert H. Humphrey Vice President, The United States of America (Continued from January Newsletter) Fortunately, Indian resistance is breaking down. Fears and mistrust by the older generation are giving way as younger men and women, who have had access to long.er schooling, bring new experiences and new views to their tribal communities. Over the past hundred years - although not intensively until passage of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 - the U. S. Bureau of Indian Affairs has been in the business of education. At first it attempted to teach only Eventually the Bureau expanded its the simple trades and farming skills. outlook on Indian education to provide elementary, secondary and vocational training. But Federal schools until fairly recent years were often the Over the past decade, however, only non-sectarian schools open to Indians. there has been steady exodus of Indian children from Federal to local public school enrollment, as public school districts have been established on or near reservations. In some instances, the Federal and local schools pool resources to operate a cooperative school for Indians and non-Indians. And still the average reservation adult of middle age has less than a fifth grade education, and many are totally illiterate in English. Only a few hundred Indian high school graduates of last year have gone on to college this Fall. The habit of higher education has not yet taken a firm hold. Family income among the reservation dwellers still falls far below the $3,000 floor which the Office of Economic Opportunity calls the "poverty line," although new housing programs and comm9nity development.programs are making some inroads. Indian health is improving as the Public Health Service expends its network of hospitals, outpatient services and mobile clinics. But there are still too mariy disease-borne deaths and the infant mortality rate is still considerably higher than the national average. The Indian birth rate doubles the national average. The Indian population is growing at a rate so fast that the land base of the reservation can no longer support the people. To put the land base to new uses, industries seeking locations for plant expansion are being urged to explore Indian locales, with the Bureau of Indian Affairs offering on-the-job training for Indian workers. Their manual dexterity and aptitude for precision work is earning for Indians a first-rate reputation among specialized industries such as electronics. At the same time the Bureau is encouraging Indians to move off the less promising reservations and into industrial centers where work opportun­ ities are more plentiful. A package program - vocational t�aining and job placement, with all expenses paid for trainee and family - has lured about 50,000 Indians into successful urban living in the past ten years (Continued on Page 8) • • • • • �(8) (Continued from Page 7) A NEW DAY • • • • The paternalistic approach is good no longer. In its worst manifes­ tations, it resulted in a culture of poverty; even at best, it encouraged a dependency approach to life. Instead, we must foster active participation by the Indian people in all affairs that affect their own welfare and the well-being of the nation as a whole. Until this happens, Federal agencies and Federal laws can be only half effective. What then is our goal? Justice and opportunity for our Indian fellow­ citizens, so that no longer will they be a "colony of strangers." (From The Optimist Magazine, November, 1966) DID YOU KNOW THAT Marc E. Widdiss, Wampanoag, son of Mr. and Mrs. Leonard D. Widdiss, 172 School Street, Wayland, Mass., now: is a sophomore at the University of Massachusetts, in Amherst? INDIAN ACT " 'IYRANNY " SAYS CHIEF PAUL Canadian Indians are still being exposed to political tyranny by the limitations of the (Canadian) Indian Act, said a spokesman for the National Indian Advisory Board in Winnipeg. Phillip Paul, chief of the Tsartlip Tribe at Brentwood Bay, Vancouver Island, said most Canadian Indian bands want more autonomy from the federal government. " The Indian Act, as it's geared now, seems to take initiative away from �he Indian, " he said. "We seem to be under political tyranny." Mr. Paul was commenting on discussions of the board, which held its third meeting in Winnipeg in December. The board, established a year ago, is made up of 18 Indian leade�s from across Canada and it met twice before in Ottawa. Mr. Paul said most of the board members want some of the powers now held by th� minister for Indian affairs transferred to the Indian band councils. "The Indian Act is full of•powers for the minister," he said. "It says the minister may do this and has the power to do that, but it gives very little authority to the Indians to govern their own affairs. " He said the main problem of most bands is the financial situation of the reserves, but that no solution can be found until changes in the Indian Act allow the bands to develop a broader financial base for their reserves. The board, set up to advise the federal government in matters of national importance in the administration of Indian affairs, has been studying possible amendments to the Indian Act (From Indian Record, Winnipeg, Canada, January 1967) • • • • FEDERAL INDIAN BUREAU TRANSFER URGED By William M. Blair WASHINGTON - A presidential task force has recommended that the Bureau of Indian Affairs be transferred from the Department of the Interior to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The administration is under­ stood to be considering sending the proposal to Congress, where it is certain to touch off a fight. Signal flags of opposition already are flying on Capitol Hill. The group named by President Johnson more than a year ago to study the (Continued on Page 9) · �(9) FEDERAL INDIAN BUREAU •• (Continued from Page • • . 8) Indian problem found th�t Indian difficulties were fund.:iErrBntally educmtionail As.. one s:ociaJ. problems amd fitted more brocrdly into H.E. w. programs. informed aoUJ:rCe commented,, uH.E.W. is more people-oriented,," The Interior amch view; is that the Indiansr nattural resources should be developad to provide them with wider opportunities, Tha Sec�y of the Interior, stavmirt L. Udall, �sked �bout the group's irecommendC!l.tions. a:ire working on a had 11.no comrnent11 when He and Indian Affa:irs officials legislative program of ruq:>anded aid thmt would enable Indians to mana:ge more of their own OBffairs and davelop their Jlai!ld resourcen. Dis:.closure of the task foree recomrrendation came when Rep. Wa;yne N. Aspinall, D-Colo., who i� chad.rman of the House Interior Committee, expressed atrong opposition art a_ committee meeting with Indian a£fairs officiails. 11Just as s o on CES a:nyb�dy in the Unite.ct Staates,11 he said, "decides to place Indians in the aan:e position� other beneficiaries of H.E.w., then When Indians become 11beneficiaries of welfare Itm oppoood to it,11• he saU.d. in H.E.w.,11 he added, 11the u.s. had better ]ook to its hole itard.11 Rep. Jares A. HaJley, D-Ala:., and chairman of the cominitteat s sub­ committee on Indian affairs, said tha.t Aspinal].ts views "'p.Il'etty much expressed the view s of the subcommittee.11 Furthermore, he added, H.E.w. 11haiantt done too good a. jo b on thait ( welfare ) with the money theytve had.11 AapiJa.11 brought up the JPrOpos:ed transfer as. Robert Le Bennett, Ce� i .missioner of Indian Affains, and his assistants prepared to review Indian progl"ams and legislation for the panel. The study group wcrs R. The Coloradian said he wished to discuss the proposal but Assistant Se<tretary Hairry 11we prefer not to get into it at this time." headed by Dr. Walsh Anderson told him ¥cDermott1 Fa.:rrand Livingston professor of Heail.th and Plreventive M:ldicine at New York Hospit� - Cornell M:ldietal Center. Indians were in the group. of the Indians. It also re-commended tha..t ·funds be tripled to bring Indians The group reported that the transfer sholJld be effeeted with the consent into the mainstream of American ]ife with broad educartional. program&.. (From the Bangor Da:i. ly News, 1/2.8/67) (Editorts The N�tionaJ. Congress of AITBrican Indians, CBt its Note: 1966 annu�l meeting, passed a resolution opposing tha t ransfer of Indiam educ�ion res­ ponsibility from the Dept. of the Interior to the Dept. of Heailth, Educa tiom and Welfare. ) INDIAN ISLAND FIFTH GRADERS vrsrr UNIVERSITY It ·was a big day when 25 fifth graders from the Indian Island school in Old Tewn were taken on a tour of the University of M.:linets barns at Orono by the Student Aetion Corps, ro. community service campus, organization. The hour-long field trip was p:Ianned by Old Town School Superintendent Philip c. LibbyJ the teacher, Scarborough. (From Sister Mary Norma; and UM atudent Valerie Lamont of The reactions were those of discovery for sone of the pupils. the Portland Sunday Telegram, l/29/67) CURTIS CONFERS WITH HATHAWAY A UGUSTA ( AP ) I - Gov. Curtis conferred for an hour here with u.s.Rep . Wil� gressman, Peter Kyros•••• In ro statement issued after Mondayts conference, the liam D. Hathaway, then set up a· meeting for Tuesday with Yainets other con­ governor's office sai.d ••• they also discussed the status of Yaine's Indian schools under civil rights la�s. (From the Portland Press Herald, 2/14/67) �(10) ESTHER LOUISE SABATTUS WEDS RAPHAEL SOCABASIN PRINCETON - A February 11th ceremony united in marriage Miss Esther Louise Sabattus, daughter of Albert Sabattus of Pleasant Point and the late Alice Sabattus, and Raphael Socabasin, son of Mr. and Mrs. Lola Socabasin of Peter Dana Point. St. Anne's Church, Princeton, was the setting for the ceremony. Offic­ iating was the Rev. Maurice Lemlin. Sister Thomasine was organist and Mrs. Joseph Deschene, soloist. Escorted by her father, the bride wore a gown of white bridal satin, with a bodice of scalloped chantilly lace. Scalloped lace finished the hemline of the skirt, which ended in a chapel-length train of lace. Her veil of lace-trimmed imported silk illusion fell from a miniature Danish crown of pearls and crystal drops. She wore a double strand of cultured pearls, �nd pearl drop earrings, and she carried a missal and white rosebuds. Miss Betty Stevens was maid of honor. Miss Laura Nicholas was junior bridesmaid and Miss Romona Nicholas was flower girl. The maid of honor wore a powder blue satin brocade street-length dress fashioned like the bride's gown. The junior bridesmaid's dress was of rose brocade. They carried colonial bouquets of porns in colors matching their dr�sses. The flower girl wore a floor-length dress of white satin brocade. Patrick Socabasin was best man. Ushers were Harry Stevens and Stuart Tomah of Peter Dana Point. After the ceremony, a reception was held at the Lion's Club meeting hall. Assisting were Mrs. Blanche Moore, Mrs. Ramona Stanley, Mrs. Robert Wheaton, Also, Miss Anna Lola of Pleasant and Mrs. Marie Borsovsky of Robinston. Point, Mrs. Vergie Johnson and Mrs. Bert Tuttle. The bride.attended St. Mary's School and John Bapst High School, Bangor. The groom attended schools at Peter Dana Point and Princeton. He is employed by St. Croix Company. They will reside at Peter Dana Point. (From the Bangor Daily News, 2/17/67. Eoitor's note: A very attractive full-length photograph of Mrs. Socabasin in her bridal gown accompanied the stor}.) ESKIMO-INDIAN LAND RIGHTS • • • • The clash between developers and conservationists over the (Alaska) Rampart Dam project is only one aspect of the broader struggle for control of tPe land, a struggle that beclouds Alaska's centennial year. When the state­ hood law was enacted, 99. 8 per cent of the land was still owned by the federal Under provisions of the statehood act, Alaska was given twenty­ government. five years to select more than 104 million acres from the federal public domain. Now Eskimooand Indians are attempting to block the state selection by pressing their aboriginal rights to vast tracts of Alaska, including the Arctic Slope and the Yukon Flats. (The 1867 Treaty of Cession failed to define the entitlement of natives to the lands they were using and occupying, and Congress to this date has ducked the issue. ) In their claim to the Arctic Slope and its potential oil wealth, the Eskimos use an argument that should appeal to all conservationists. Noting the white man's proclivity· for despoiling the land and polluting the rivers, the Eskimos warn that the oil explorations might kill fish and disrupt the migration Sam Taalak, president of the Arctic Slope Native Association, of caribou. We must prepare for told a visitor to Barrow last summer: " Let me be blunt. the day when our children may have to live by hunting again. I tell you, this We ·run out of game animals and we will hit the relief is a harsh country. rolls pretty hard. " . .. . (From the Saturday Review of Literature, 1/7/67) �(11) SPECIAL AMERICAN INDIAN CALENDARS for 1967 are now available from American Indian Calendar, 79 Emerson Street, Denver, Colorado 80218. The calendars, which cost $2.00 each for 1 to 25, or $1.40 each in quantities over 25, are illustrated with photographs of var­ ious Indian crafts, include significant quotations from past and present Indian leaders, and indicate many important dates in national Indian history. INDIAN AFFAIRS BUDGET HEARING The Budget Hearing for the Department of Indian Affairs' Part II (new services) and Construction budgets will be held in Room 228, State House, Augusta, on Thursday, March 16th, from 10:45 - 11:30 A. M. Individuals, or persons representing groups or agencie� tha� wish to support the Department's budget requests for new services and construction could bring or send a written statement to be left with the Chairman of the Legislative Committee on Appropriations: Senator Richard N. Berry, Chairman Committee on Appropriations & Financial Affairs 103rd Legislature, State House Augusta, Maine 043 30 Members of the general public who are able to attend the hearing will certainly be given a chance to indicate their feelings by briefly stating their name and opinion, or by rising at the end of the hearing when called upon by the Chairman. The Part II Budget request is for funds (in addition to existing funds) with which the Department would finance new positions, services and programs. The Department's requests for new funds total $117,293 for 1967-68, and $146,022 for 1968-69. The State's recommendations for new funds total $30,000 for each of the two years. The difference between these figures represents the presently-recommended "cuts" in the Department's Part II budget; these "cuts" amount to $87,292 for '67-'68, and $116,022 for 168-'69. None of the recommended $60,000 for the two-year period involved new State personnel positions, and the Department feels this shortage would have a par­ ticularly damaging effect on plans to upgrade Tribal Constables, administer Reservation housing programs, and increase field office staff. The Departm� nt's Construction requests are for funds to provide 50% of the cost of various major construction projects on the three Reservations. The Department anticipates receiving the remaining 50% proje·ct costs from various Federal cost-sharing programs. Current State construction priorities place Pleasant Point water-and-sewage, Peter Dana Point water, and Penobscot water-and-sewage projects "high" on the priority list. Princeton "Strip" water-and-sewage, Penobscot community build­ ing, and Peter Dana Point community building projects are very "low" on the The Department feels that lack of funds for water-and-sewage priority list. construction at the "Strip'' will make it impossible to include the " Strip" in anticipated new housing programs. PENOBSCOT & PASSAMAQUODDY PUBLIC PRESENTATION · Penobscot Governor John M. Mitchell and Indian Township Passamaquoddy Governor John Stevens jointly addressed the February meeting of the Frankl�n Chapter, American Association of University Women, in Farmington, on February 17th. Topic of the program was: "The Legislative Problems of the Maine Indians.'' Governors Mitchell and Stevens, as well as Pleasant Point Passamaquoddy Governor Joseph Mitchell were invited to address a public meeting held at Bowdoin College on February 20th, with Indian Affairs Commissioner Hinckley. Bad weather that night prevented the Governors' attendance at the meeting. �(12) LONG LAKE CAMPGROUND The Maine Department of Forest Service has just issued an attractive The brochure on the Long Lake Campground of the Indian Township Reservation. pamphlet describes the location and facilities of the campground, as well as the facility's regulations and procedures to be followed in making campsite reservations. Copies of the "Long Lake Campground" pamphlet may be obtained free-of­ charge by writing: Campsite Coordinator, Maine Dept. of Forest Service, State House, Augusta, Maine 04330. (See article on Page 1, December 1966 Newsletter.) RED TAPE (A charred fragment of deerskin was recently excavated by the Plymouth County, Massachusetts, Archaeological Society on the site of an early seven­ It bore curious inscriptions, apparently teenth century Algonquin encampment. hasty' notes made by a volunteer secretary in primitive spcedwriting. A crude translation follows:) Sachem Warriors squaws Algonquin Village Association come to order. cast one vote accept unread minutes last powwow. Special meeting: zoning. Problem: Impending population explosion, increased real estate values, substandard housing, litterbugs, river pollution, junkpiles, infiltration un­ American types. Zoning essential preserve character community. Samoset say: First white man come, OK. We give fish, corn. He come back, bring friends. Wrong color, strange gods. Wise men read omens. See PTA, DAR, ESP, AT&T, LSD, SEC, DDT, BPOE, A&P, RCA, Radcliffe, Trailer, barbecue, power mower. Eat outdoors, go bathroom indoors. Bikini, rock'n'roll corrupt papoose. Stop before too late. Move 1,000-acre zoning. Amendment: 2,000-acres. Yak yak yak. Appoint study committee. (From Saturday Review of Literature, 2/11/67, by Harland Manchester) INDIANS HAVE THEIR PRIDE by William M. Clark My two year residence in Princeton, years ago, certainly doesn't qualify me to suggest specific ways to upgrade the social, economic, and educational status of the Maine Indians who live near that town. It serves only to make me realize that the ways must be specific, not generalized pressures toward some pattern visualized by a proponent of regimen­ tation. The Indians who live at Peter Dana Point, near Princeton, are Passama­ quoddies. We had a few of them in high school. He visited out at the point. We liked them. I think some of them liked us, but about this I am not posi­ tive....My memories of the Peter Dana Point Indians involve a few things I'd like to pass along. The first one is that the Indians held tightly to their pride in a past racial greatness. They kept alive certain skills and lore that had been handed down to them with their culture. They had a superb sense of humor. Most of their jokes were subtle, but they enjoyed them immensely. They were constantly surrounded by dogs, amazing numbers of dogs. I'm sure they never abused them and they never abused their children either, except unknowingly in a kind of innocent neglect. All this may sound like too poetic a description of a group of people who were living in deprivation. But we were all living ·in deprivation. How else could we live when the sawmill was paying $18 a week ! don't think (Continued on Page 13) . I . • • �(13) (Continued from Page 12) there were over six bathrooms in Princeton. I know we didn't have one. So deprivation didn't enter into the picture except in one way. The Indians· weren't as concerned about the lack of THINGS as the rest of us were. Their drives took different forms. The plea I'm making today is for a remembrance of difference. This is not the same as a suggestion of inequality. The mass planners seem to have trouble understanding that. It is past time for many things in Maine, but we can't go back and predate our activities. We've been too slow in extending the sincere hand of genuine helpfulness to the Maine Indians There's no sense in sobbing. Action is what is needed. In the case of the Indians, though, that action must not take the form of bludgeoning them into a pattern that the bureaucrats decree is universally beneficial. Planned "improvement'1 must be adjusted to conform to the Maine Indians' desire to preserve identity. The Great Society concept of a·path tcward the perfect life is a generality. To order the Indian to fellow it, for­ saking his own culture, would put one more mark on his blackboard of bitterness. This dictated dogmatism that destroys differences is what I fear, be­ cause we are becoming so tolerant of ruthless regimentation. (From the Portland Press-Herald, 2/6/67) . • • . MALISEET TRIBE TO GET NEW VILLAGE WOODSTOCK, N.B. (AP) - The white man's need for hydroelectric power is driving a band of Maliseet Indians from their village established along the St. John River near here more than 270 years ago. However, the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission and the federal Indian affairs branch are cooperating with the Indians to provide the band with a new village which will cost more than $187,000 The new village will comprise 17 new homes and the relocation of three recently-constructed buildings on a gently rolling hill about three miles south of here. Streets, sewage and water lines are being built and a sewage treatment system using a new process will be installed. Members of the Maliseet band decided on the type of houses in the devel­ Once occupied, the homes opment and will be given certificates of ownership. cannot be sold to anyone but members of the band. It is expected that the school building, largely unused since Indian children were integrated into the provincial school system, will be converted for use as a community center (From the Portland Press-Herald, 2/9/67) . • • • . • . . . MISCELLANEOUS Wilma Louise Victor, a Choctaw Indian and the Bureau of Indian Affairs' top-ranking woman educator, has been selected as one of the six women in Government to receive the coveted 1967 Federal Woman's Award. The Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C., has named a 16-man Nati'.m­ al Indian Education Advisory Committee. 15 members are Tribal leaders; all are Indians. Tribal membership includes Pima-Maricopa, Apache, Sioux, Choctaw, Hopi, Alaskan, Papago, Creek, Pueblos, Navajo, Paiute and Cheyenne. An article on Maine Indians appears in Hi Way magazine, March 1967, pub­ lished for teen-agers by the United Presbyterian Church (WitherF-poon Building, Philadelphia, Pa. 19107) . Alvin Josephy, Jr., and Mitchell A. Wilder are two newly-appointed mem­ bers of the U.S. Department of the Interior's Indian Arts and Crafts Board. They replace Rene d'Harnoncourt and Erich Kohlberg. �FIRST LOOK REVEALS NO INDIAN SCHOOL SEnRBiATION . By Bob Drew . . . . . • . • OLD TOWN-A federal education team investigating alleged discrimination in Indian schools on three reservations in Maine gave some indications here Monday that they found no major evidence of a Civil Rights law violation, but at the same time cautioned against any premature conclusions as to the ultimate findings. Members of the Penobscot Indian Tribe, obviously concerned about the matter1 were told at a tribal meeting Monday evening by Charles Bechtold of the Boston Re­ gional Office of the United States Office of �ucation that "I do not see segre­ gation in the Island school." However, Bechtold told approximately 60 people at Tribal Hall that the federal group was only on a fact-finding mission, and would not maKe any final determinations. Bechtold, John Lagomarcino, a civil rights attorney with the United States Health, Education and Welfare Department, and Edward Snyder, a civil rights speci­ alist with the Equal Educational Opportunities program of HEW, have been sent to Maine by HEW to determine whether or not claims that reservation schools at Old Town, Perry and Princeton are discriminatory in that their pupils are mostly In­ dians. Lagomarcino said a final decision on the matter could be expected, probably within four to six weeKs "I think you'll see that this is handled rather promptly," he told the NEWS. Tribal officials will be informed of the findings at the same time that state officials are, he said. Federal officials came to Maine a week ago at the behest of Gov. Curtis after the discrimination charges arose. Kenneth M. Indian spoKesman here, for the most part, were highly critical of the actions of ��ine Education Commissioner William T. Logan Jr., Monday night, when they said there were indications there had been talk about closing the Indian schools prior to the time the State Education Department took over their operation from the Maine Department of Health and Welfare. Some of those present requested that the federal team disclose \/ho had made the complaints about discrimination, but this the visitors said they were unable to do. Lagomarcino said it came to the attention of the federal officials as a re­ sult of sommunication and correspondence between the Maine Department of Education and the United States Of!ice of Education. Other speaKers from the floor suggested that there was no sense in trying to find a "goat" but merely settle the problem. Bechtold emphasized that the federal team was only gathering facts which it would submit to higher authorities in Washington. "The federal government does not have the authority to close the Indian schools," he declared. He added: "Yes, the government could hold bacK federal funds from the state, but the facts here don't point in that direction." Bechtold stressed that closing the Indian schools was a responsibility of the state, not of the federal government. "For myself, I see no problem," he declared. Snyder told the group, "We can't tell you what the Comm\bS.sion of Education ( U.S. ) is going to say." A woman from the floor asked the question: "If the state decides to close our schools, can the Federal government help us Keep them open?" Lagomarcino replied that to the best of his Knowledge the matter had never been discussed. "I don't Know," he replied, but indicated that it was doubtful. The Washington attorney said at one point that only certain federal funds would be withheld from Maine if it were found to be in violation, rather than all of them. Tribal Gov. John Mitchell, who conducted the meeting, promised his people that "as your governor, I shall carry this through." plause� (Continued He received a large round of ap­ on Page 15 ) �(15 ) IND IAN SEGRfilATION. . (Continued from Page 14 ) . . NO SCHOOL Other speaker� inc luded Indian Rep. John Nelson , Pierre , Ernest Goslin , Fr . Romeo St. who gave a report of a meeting between Federal offic ials and Indian repre­ _sentatives and others at Augusta last weeK, and S chool Superintendent , State Rep . Warren Cookson of Glenburn Philip Libby of Old Town . The Federal team spent most of Monday visiting the Indian school here and t alking with teachers and others as well as with Libby . Tuesday , �he team will move into Washington County where they w i ll vis i t the reservation at Princeton and meet with tribal leaders and others that evening. Wednesday , they will visit the Pleasant Point reservation and have another evening meeting with tribal leaders . In each instanc e , the superintendents, (From they are visiting the schools c on c erned and � alking with teachers and other interested persons . the Bangor Daily News , H . E . W. 2/17/67 ) AGENT IS FINISHING INDIAN SCHOOL STUDY Perry- "Whatever the Indian has to say, we want to hear, " were the words of a civil rights specialist Wednesday night, as he summed up the purpose of a fed� eral fac t - finding group sent to M9.ine by the Health, Education and Welfare De­ partment . Edward Snyder was the only remain;i;;ng member of the three- man Federal education team investigating alleged claims that reservation schools at Old Town, Perry , and Princeton are discrimina tory because most of their students are Indians. Snyder said Wednesday , while in Eastport , that both Charles Bechtold of the Boston Regional Office of the United S tates Office of Education , marcino , a civil rights att orney wi th the United States Health, and John Lago­ Education and Welfare Department left early Wednesday morning to fill " prior c ommittments . 11 The three , since Monday, have toured the Old . T own and Princ:eton reservations in an effort to dig up sufficient f9 c ts to enable decision maKers in Washington to arrive at a final decision as to whether or not the schools are discriminatory . A " c olleague from Washington 1 1 was scheduled to j oin Snyder for the fac t searching tour at the Pleasant Point reservation Wednesday, but due to Tuesday1 ·s storm, the official was unable to keep the appointment . Snyder indicated that the news was a strong disappointment in view of the mountainous chore of gathering as much information as possible in the relatively short period of time allotted to the m ission . The specialist said he expected to visit with a number of Indian leaders and school officials at Pleasant Point and Eastport before attending a tribal meeting in the recreation hall on the reservation at 7 : 30 P. M. He noted that some had c oncluded that Washington had said that i t was going to c lose the Indian ' s schools . n ot close the " This is not true," he said , 1 1 the government can­ schools but it can withhold federal funds if it deems necessary . " Snyder repeatedly made it clear that he had no opinion to release regarding whether the schools were or were not discrim inatory, but pointed out that it was " strictly a governmental decision" which c ould not possibly be determined until the matter had been studied from every c onceivable point . When asKed when suc h a decision by the government might be forthcoming, he said that he would t ry to insure prompt decision on the matter, but did not ex­ pect tha t the o�fic e of education would have developed an offic ial opinion from t he fac ts revealed by the tour before four or five weeKs or longer- depending upon the comple teness of the fac ts . (Continued on Page 1 6) " �( 16 ) H . E. W. AGENT IS FINISHING INDIAN SCHOOL STUDY (Continued from Page 15 ) There are a lot of factors involved in the tnaking of such a decision and any facts could have a de cided e ffec c on the outcome ) said Snyde r ) pointO ing out that the Title S ix program was only two years old and suggested that an­ nual reports on the program , needed in the present study for comparison purposes, one of these may not be immediately available . "He would like to know the per capita cost of operating the Indian schools fqr the past 15 years , made available for some time , " he said . but these f i gures may not be The civil rights specialist concluded by expressing a belief that there was yet much worK to be done after leaving the reservation , but gave the assurance that the final decision will "not be made in haste . " (From the Bangor Daily News , 2 / 9/ 67 ) TWO SKELETONS UNCOVERED AT PEMAQUID By Helen Camp On the 19th of August , Dig . 196 5 , two skeletons were d iscovered at the Pemaquid They were found ten fee t from the Tavern site ) at a depth of two feet. One skele ton was lying on its side with i ts Knees drawn up in a flexed po­ sition . This is believed to be that of an Indian , since the position is typical o f a number of Indian burials . The bones were in such a poor state of preserva­ tion ; that they could no � be removed one by one . They and the surrounding earth w e re hardenec with a resin and removed as a block . The other skeleton lay parallel to the " Indian 1 1 , one was lying on its back . torso was covered with three hammered brass plate s , been placed. length 3 strand ) then folded together to form a bundle . 9- 3/ 4 to 10- 1/2 inches in braided cord, which may be This second skeleton was taKen to Dr . W G:l S Under the entire skeleton was the barK of a tree Natural History for study . This The over which a de er hide bad Across the shoulders were 5 brass tubes , These were strung on a single , o f sinew, separated by five feet . The skull was resting on a round brass plate . Junius Bird of the American Museum of We give an extract from his report : "Dr. Harry L . Shapiro (Chairman of the Department of Anthropology of the American Museum of Natural History ) examined the remains and believed the adult to have been a woman under 40 years of age . He did not reach any positive opi nion as to whether she might have been Indian or White. A baby was placed naKed in the grave , apparently on top of the adult body with its head resting on he r right shoulder . days old . It was very young ) possibly only a few The navel is visible in the preserve section of the stomach skin, but does not show any residual umbilical cord. The sKin of the infant ' s forehead retains some fine , of a band ) There about 3/ 8 of an inch w ide , darK hair and a portion which apparently encircled the head . is nothing I can report which might explain this rather curious burial. Professor James Griffin of the University of Michigan, North American Indians, a leading authority on the examinec the re ma ins and says he bas never seen anything l i Ke it . " We are waiting for the results from a s ample of bone submitted for a Carbon 14 dating . . (From the . Maine Arche ological Society Bulletin, (L E T T E R S C n t inue d f r om page 4 ) f r om t h e pe ople and the ir prob lems in any c ommun i t y w e hav e worke d in . We have en j oye d a t D ana P e in t as you c an s e e , and have had v e ry f e w pr ob lems . Ve ry t ruly yours , Raymond F . S arge nt , Inc . C . T h omas Le av i t t , Engine e r ( C on t i? u e d o n page 1 7 ) 4/ 5 / 66 ) �tl7 )· (L E T T E R S c on t inue d from page J6 ) S't a t e o f Maine S e na t e C hamb e r Augu s t a , Main e D e ar Mrs . T h omps en : T hank you f o r your s e v e ral le t t e rs c on c e rning t h e I n d ian le gis l a t i on and s o li c i ting my c on t inue d support in the ir cause . I s hall plan t e s e nd you , as s o on as p o s s ib le , the s ugge s t e d ar t i c le expr e s s in g my v i e ws f or pub li c a t i on in your newsle t t e r . S t.a t e of Main e H ou s e of R e pre s e n t a t ive s Augus t a , Maine S inc e re ly Ric hard N� B e r ry / D e ar Mrs . T h omp� on : In r e gard t o your que s t i ons re gar d ing le gi s lat ive p lan s in pers uan c e o f t he b i lls giv ing Indian R e pre s e n tat ive full pay , allowan c e s , e t c . I migh t s ay t ha t I hav e n o t f orme d any de fini t e plan s ye t . The b il ls , two o f t he � , we re in t r od uc e d t o day ( Jan . 18 , 1967 ) . R e p . C arlt on S c o t t o f W i l t on , and I are t he c o -s p on s ors . The inea is t o give t he b ills as much b ipar t i s an suppo�t as p o s ­ s ib le . W e a r e runn in g in t o s ome oppo s i t i on o n b o t h side s o f t h e par t y f e n c e . In view o f the fac t that the pay b ill and the bill t o v o t e on pendin g le gi s ­ lat i on is c o -s p on s ore d I d on ' t b e +ieve there w i l l b e any s e par a t e par t y b il l s on t he s ub j e c t . I b e li e v e the b ill Mr . S c o t t and I hav e s p ons ore d c on t a in s a l l that is ne c e s sary t o b r ing Ind ian Re pre s e n t a t iv e s in t o as n e a r e q uali t y with o th e r S t a t e R e pr e s en t a t iv e s s s t h e F e de ra l C o ur t d e c i s i ons will pre s e n t ly allow . T h e y w ill hav e und e r our b i ll , in e f f e c t , the s ame s t a t us as the o ld T e rrit or ial D e le ga t e s or the Pre s e n t Pue r t o R i c an R e s ident C ommis s i on e r d o e s i n t h e F e de ral H ouse o f Repre s e n t at ive s . T h e b i ll r e ad s as f ollows : "Wi t h t he e xc e p t i on of t he r i gh t t o v ot e on p e nd in g le gis la t i on , the me mb e r o f the Penob s c o t Indi an T r ib e and t h e me mb e r o f the Pas s ama qu oddy I ndian T r ib e e le c t e d t o r e pre s e n t his t r ib e at the b i e nnial assemb ly o f the L e gis l a t ure s hall have a s e a� in the H ou s e of R e pre s e n t a t i v e s an d all priv ile ge s , righ t s and du t ie s o f o t h e r repre s e n t a t iv e s , inc luding t h e r i ght t o se rve i n a n on ­ v ot i n g c apac i t y on a n y c ommi t t e e . 1 1 I hope t his will answ e r y our q ue s t ions and I h ope t h a t b e f o re an o t h e r mont h o r s o h a s pas s e d w e w i l l b e ab le t o t e ll y o u more h ow t h i s b i ll and t he ? ne to rais e t he Indian R e pr e s e n t a t ive ' s pay and allowan c e s is c omin g a l on g . V e r y t ruly yours , S . Glenn S tarb ird , J r . ANNOUNCEMENT : T h e o f f i c e o f t h e D e partment o f Indian A f fairs has mov e d f r o m 189 S t a t e S t . t o t he S mi th" H ou s e o n 108 Grove S t re e t . This b u ildin g is l o c a t ­ e d a t t h e re ar o f t h e D e p o s i t ors T r u s t C ompany b ran c h o f f i c e ( a c r oss C ap i t o l S tre e t f rom t h e S t a te H ou s e O f f i c e b uildin g ) . T he addr e s s f or mail w i ll s t ill be : D e partme n t o f Indian A f fairs , S t a t e H ou s e , Augu s t a , Maine 0433 0 . ANTI -POVERT Y D IRECTOR WANTED Washin g t on (Eas t er nm o s t U . S . ) C oun t y , Maine , n e e d e d f r o heading c ount y -w ide c om­ mun i t y a c t i on pr o grams ( salary $ 10 , 500 ) and als o dire c t or for I nd ian R e s e rv a t i onE pregram , s ame c o un t y . Matur e c o lle ge graduate with e xperie n c e and/or demon s t ra­ ted int e r e s t i n e c onomi c s and "The O t h e r Ame r i c a " . Airmai l r e s ume , spe c i fying j ob pr e fe re n c e (and minimum s alary a c c e ptab le i f in t e r e s t e d in I n d ian p o s i t i on ) t o : Was hingt on C o un t y Re gional Ac t i on A ge n c y , Pos t O f f i c e B LD G . , Mach ias , Maine . (Fr om t he Por t land S unday T e legr am , 1/15/67 ) �( 18) DOHN THE RIVER By Helen Ca ldwe ll C u shman (An Introduc t i on to our neighbor to the s outh , Wayne ) Wayne , or i g i na lly Known a s New Sandw i ch , i s a bea utiful town . uni que fe& ture s wh i ch a dd to the inte r e s t of anyone interes ted in And it ha s a wea lth of fa s c ina t ing Ind ian lore . Much of the pa s t of Wayne , s ulted f r o m the loc a t i on . It ha s many nat.n1·a 1 h i s l�ory . even ba c K in the t i me of the Ana sugunt i c ooks , To the north , Wayne is re­ s e pa ra ted from the waterways which dra in into the Sandy River by he ights of land . Off to the ea s t is the Ken­ All the waterways leading J:'1·otn the north to Wayne r i se in K i mball nebe c R iver and Boody Ponds on the mounta ins beyond Vienna v i llage . One early vis i tor to the . r e g i on , a Mr . Bowen, came by water from Lew i s ton i nto La Ke Andro s c oggin, and the nce up the long s e r i e s of laKe s unt i l he rea ched a long w ind i ng stream between M:inne­ h onK and Taylor Mi ll Pond . He and h i s party of t i mber c ru i s ers ca mped on the stream which is a s w i ld it wa s when ·che Indians used it for a thoroughfa re . The next morning , t oday a s a nd thi s wa s b a c k in 1760 , Mr . Bowen c l i mbed a h i ll s outh of the s tream and then a ta ll p i ne tree and looKed out over miles of virgin t i mber . The h i ll bears h i s name t oday . He wrote that they had rea ched a point going ups trea m a ll the whi le from Lew i s ton about thirty m i le s . And the waterway ha s born the name of Th irty Mi le R iver ever s ince . Thi rty Mile R iver r i s ing a s vi llage of V ienna drops until it doe s in the he i ghts north of the p i c ture s que s tead i ly through a long s e r i e s of la Ke s , i t rea che s the Dead R iver from whence i t flows ponds and s trea ms i nto the Andro s c oggin . There i s a drop of more than s ix hundred fe et from the s ource to the outlet . . . all adding t o the wa ter power whi ch once tur ned the wheels of the indus t r i e s a l ong i t s banl{S . . a nd a century ago Wayne was an i mportant indu s t r ia l town . . . important, tha t i s , by s t a ndards of the da y . When the tumb l ing r ive r rea che s We s t Mount Vernon, i t i s j o ined b y the north­ w e s t b ra nch . Ea r ly s e ttlers in the Sa ndy R iver often went thi s 'Jay from Par_ker to Dav i d and Ti lton Ponds , and thence by a carry to Mosher Pond and a water c ourse tha t led eventually i nto the Sandy R iver . ry i ng pla ce s known to the Indians , All a long the waterway are tnany car­ and lmown to many ca mpers on canoe trips to thi s day . In 'bhe s outhe a s t part of Wayne I nd ians whi ch dra ins through Berry , R iver . there is apother wa terway a ls o u s ed by the Dexter and Wi l s on Ponds i nto the Kennebec From Morr i s on He i ghts wh i ch sepa rated the two water sheds . . . that long one of the Andro s c oggin and the Kennebe c i s is the one of the mos t beautiful v iew s i n Ma ine . The we s t pa rt of La Ke Andr os c oggin is the There a re s even i s la nds was in Leeds . From a lmos t any h i ll around la Ke there are pla ce s where the i s lands and the Cape s ta nd out l i ke j ewels . in the la Ke , and one at the outle t whi ch one writer sa id " e mbra ced between the two bra nche s s urr.ounds One of the la rge i s lands towards Leeds was s a cred pla ce later . . of the Dead R i ver whi c h here s epa ra tes and it . " to the Ana sa gunt i c o o1rn . b u t it is once More of thi s an Ind ian bury ing ground , a land or i s land and one other s trange that b oth of the s e a re c overed w ith bla c K sand . Excava ­ t i ons have been made o n one a nd many Indian re l i c s found . In the s outhwe s t part of the laKe i s a ne c K of land Known a s the Cape whi ch exte nd s i nt o the laKe a d i s tance of two or th.ree mile s . There are s evera l hundred of meadow land wh i ch i s flooded in the high water of s pr ing and on whi ch Cape haying was an event in the early days of the township . grew exce llent hay . (C ont i nued a cr e s next month) t �;::; a Q (')\. \I .. ·,--.r .._··. Gib; Ct 0 ·1 in Mame . �� \ - Maine's ONLY ----st ate-wide Indian newsletter mailed directly to : _,.---- ( ::� �r Pnt Office box h \ . : ... i/;,-' _,- · _,Q;-�f:/dU' / 1·�� ('1_ '�-- - -//(/.' r>'�..;,\ \ -· () ·--i; \ I ; • \\ \ _,_. i � 1 \ ';0--- -----:: . --.: / .. ..: ,:: - . . --,v_________ . }. ;.. � ....... . )l ,----{ _ _ �� ' '.l · --- · . '-,-�'·,[ --::7 [ , I ; > \ \=t 11 )Jfij -L� j �: - '_- - to know what other }·� Tribes are doing, thinking and planning; · . _ i \\ �' ! ...... " NT U IF YO WA - - a fre e " st arter " sub scripti� _.,.,. -...� 0,1:('1� to the Maine Indian Newslett er ; - news of Indian a.fi'a.irs and around the country ; \\l \I ,. \ \ \ 1 l ./ .; Y_LB_:.�:1-/._ . ..:�.-'' ·.�- )\ \� I '--.! F ILL O T THE SUBSCRIPTION SLIP BELOW U AND 1 - -- - MAIL IT WITH NO MONEY TO : IND IAN NEWSIETTER Pine Street Fr eeport , Maine �4032 ..AINE l-'f (Also send in your suggestions, - � - - - joke s, arti cle s , c�mplaint s, - - c omment s , ideas, l et t ers, cartoons, news ite�e , s t �ri e s, et c ? ! ! ! ) --------- ----------------------- I Wluld like a copy of th e Maine Indian Newsietter mailed to me each month : NAME -- � � � -� � -- � � -- � - _ � _ - p i t� -- -- -- � -- � -� (Pl _ � _ _ )� -- � -- -- � e a se r n MAILING ADDRESS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - (Send - - - this slip - - - - - to Maine --- - - Indi an (ZIP Newsle tter, Pine Str eet , Freep �r t , Me . - - -- - - - �- - OJde , please) - - - ------- 04032) �MA INE INDIAN NEWSLETTER Pine Street Fre�port , Maine BULK RATE U . S . POSTAGE 2 7/8¢ PAID Freepcrt , Maine Permit No . 33 04032 04901 Colby C o lle ge Libr ary Waterville , Me . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Feb. 1967) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-471 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/91d28bab5236893bac7e7ea45a012a02.pdf 208899ef81a030af6bff99eaef8b16db PDF Text Text NE VOLUME 2, SL NU:MBER E FEBRUARY. 7 1968 INDI N TREP_TIES During t e past year and a half the Newsletter has received several letters asking questions about the various treaties wade between the Indians living in Maine and the Cowmonwealth of Massachusetts, and later on (182 ) the State of �aine. Since the Newsletter has some of this information within reach now, it seems both beneficial and interesting to pass some of this information along to you. Starting uith this issue t�e ewsletter will reprint the Treaty wade £.y_ the Commonwealth of Ma�s�chEsetts witl!___!:h� Pe_!1obscot Tribe of Indians, June 29 181 8. "This writing indented (sic) Clnd .. ade this twenty ninth d..:..y of June, one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, between Edward H. Robbins, Daniel Davis and Mark Langdon Hill, Esqs., commissioners appointed by his excellency John Brooks, governnr of the comruonwe&lth of Massachusetts, by and with the advice of council in conforhlity to a Resolve of the legislature of said commonwealth, passed the thirteenth day f February, A. D. one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, to treat \'litb the Penobscot tribe of Indians, upon the subject expressed in said resolve, on the one part; and the said Penohscot tribe of In­ dians, by the undersigned chiefs, captains and iu.en of sc:,id tribe, rep­ resenting the whole thereof, on the other part, Witnesseth, Thnt the said Penobscot tribe of Indians, in consideration of the payments by them new received of said commissioners, amounting to four hundred dollars, and of the payments hereby secured and engaged to be made to them by said cohlmomwealth, do hereby grant, sell, convey, release and quitclaim, to the common ealth of Massachusetts, all their, the said tribes, right, title, interest and estate, in and to all the lands they claim, occupy and possess by means whatever on both sides of the Penobscot river, and the branches thereof, above the tract of thirty miles in length on both sides of said river, which said tribe conveyed and released to said commonwealth by their deed of the eighth of August, one thousand seven hundred and ninety six, excepting and reserving frow this sale and conveyance !or the perpatu�l use of said trib� of Indians, four townships of land of six miles square each, in the following places, viz: The first beginning on the east bank of the renobscot river, (Continue� on �age 2 ) u. �2 (INDiiN TREATIES, Cont'd from page 1.) opposite the five islands, so called, and running up said river a ? cording to its c0'.lrse, and crossing the mouth of the �·iatta-v.rcwkeag river, an extent of six miles from the place of beginning, and extending back from said river six miles, and to be laid out in conformity to a general plan or arrangement which shall be made in the survey of the adjoining townships on the river - one other of s· id townships lies on the opposite or western shore of said river, �nd is to begin �s nearly opposite to the place of beginning of the -� first�idescribed township as can be having regard to the gener�l plan of the t�onships that may be laid out on the western side of said Penobscot river, and running up said river according to its course, six ruiles, and extending back from said river six miles. Two other of said townships &re to begin at the foot of an island, in West branch of Penobscot river in Nolaceilleac lake, and extending on both sides of said like, ( sic) bounding on the ninth range of_ townships, surveyed by Samuel ;vestern, Esq., r1hich two town­ ships shall contain six wiles square each, to be laid out so as to correspond in courses with the to�nships hich no� &re, or hereafter may be surveyed on the public lands of the state. J.nd the sc.,id tribes do also release and discharge; said commonwealth from all de1aands &nd claims of any kind and description, in copsequences of said tribe's inden­ ture and agreement made with said co� 1onwealth, on the eighth d .y of August, one thousand seven hundred and ninety six, by their commissioners, William Sheppard, Nathan Dane, and Daniel Davis, Bsquires; and we the undersigned commissioners on our part in behalf of said coLlfilonwealth, in consideration of the·above covenants, and release of the said Penobscot tribe, do covenant with said Penobscot tribe of Indi�ns, thrtt they shall have, enjoy and improve all the four excepted townships described as aforesaid, and all the islands in the Penobscot river �bove OldtoNn and And the commissioners will purchase for including said Oldtown island. their use as aforesaid, two acres of land in the to\·n of Bre�ver, adjoining Penobscot river, convenient for their occupation, and provide them with a dis�reet man of good moral character and industrious habits, to instruct them in the arts of husbandry, and assi.J t them in fencin& and tilling their grounds, and raising such articles of :;:1roduction as their lands are suited for, and as will be most beneficial for them, and will erect a store on the island 6f OldtOlm, or contiguous thereto, in which to deposit their yearly sup lies, and will now make so�e necess�ry repairs on their church, and pay and deliver to said Indians for their absolut� use, within ninety days from this date, at said island of Old­ one six pound cannon, one swivel, fifty Town, the following articles viz: . knives, six brass kettles, two hundred yards of calico, two druL1s, four fifes, one box pipes, three hundred yards of ribbon, and that annually, and every year, so long as they shall remain a nation, and reside within the commonwealth of Massachusetts, said commonwealth will deliver for the use of said Penobscot tribe of Indians at Oldtown five aferesaid, in the month of October, the following articles viz: hundred bushels of corn, fifteen barrels of wheat flour, seven barrels of· clear por�, one hogshead of molasses, and one hundred yards of double bTeadth broadcloth, to be of red color one year, and blue the next year, and so on alternately, fifty good blankets, one hundred pounds of gunpowder, four hundred pounds of shot, six boxes of choco­ late, one hundred and fifty pounds of tobacco, and fifty dollars in The delivery of the articles last aforesaid to commence in silver. October next, and to be divided and distributed at four different times ( Continued on page 11.) �E THE MAINE EDITOR: INDIAN - 3 - I D T 0 R l L A S NEWSLETTLR EUGENIA (THOMAS) THOMPSON (Penobscot) News and stories may be submitted to the Newsletter for publication at the following address: Pine Street Freeport, Maine 04032 865-4253) (Telephone: Letters to the Editor are welcome but must conform to the rules required by every newspaper. They must bear the writer's correct name and address although pen names are permitted at the discretion of the All letters must be signed though names will be withheld from Edit r. Preference will be given to le�ters not over publication on request. 350 words in length. Letters are subject to condensation or editing when space limitations require and to correction of grauner or obvious errors. x x x x x x x "Ask Not �hat Your Depart·1ent Can Do For You, But • • • 11 At an NAACP meeting held several months ago in Portland, Maine, the topic of discussion was to be the Maine Indians. The purpose of the meeting was to determine whether or not the Portland Chapter of The concern centered the NAACP could help these Indians in any way. about the assamaquoddy. Several questions from other members of the panel and from the floor, addressed to Commissioner Hinckley assumed or indicated that Hinckley and the De artment were not even aware of many of the Indian's problems, and further1ore that Hinckley was merely a paper shuffler, and perhaps unable to do anything about these problems. Having previously explored the situation I was av.rare of the size of the general assistance program, the problems related to police protection on the three reservations, and the increased financial needs in other areas. This was not brought out at the meeting however. Then more recently it came to light that the Department had run 818,ooo in the Red. The reasons for this, aside from the accounting problems? I've just explained them above. To keep from operating in the Red $inances to several programs will have to be cut back, or cut out. Hinckley has said the Indians will be asked to help decide where these cut backs will be• Already there are grumblings from Augusta - some saying it lock's like the Indians are running the Department and not the Comlilissioner. And I thrmght this was the purpose for having the De_par-tment, so the Indians could have some say in the handling of their own problems. So, one thing the Department has dome is to go into the Red for the Redmen, to the tune of $18,ooo. �/here should these cut-backs be made? Any cutbacks are going to disrupt the program. It seems to me the most probable cut-back will be from the General Assistance funds; food, clothing, Dr. bills, and If any fuel. (But remember it has been colder than usual this winter.) of our Indian readers have any suggestions, send them in to the News­ Letter and they will be forwarded on th the Department in Augusta:-- �- 4 In Reply to Helen H. Ross (See December, January and this months Newsletters.) The replies to Helen H. Ross' remarks in this and last months issues of the Newslett�rs are adequate to show that Mrs. Ross has not dug into the facts as deeply as she would h�ve her readers do. I am an Indian, born and raised on the Penobscot Reservation. When I was young, we sometimes had it difficult, but no matter how difficult times were, we knew the Passamaquoddy were worse off. They . still are. For one thing, jobs �ere much more readily available near the Penobscot Reservation than they were in , ashington County. Some people disapprove of Don Gellers, but even they must admit until he came along, no on� has been as involved as he has with the problems of the PassamaquodJy Indians. It is time someone got this involved. In 1�04 a written account, which can be found in the Maine Historical Society Library, tells of four Passa1aaquoddy villages located in the.same area as they are today, except the one 1hich used to be at Calais, About 1796 a treaty was made with �ass. establishing the present reservations, although they were much. larger. In the separating of Maine from 1ass. in 1820, no mention was made regarding these Indians Maine has never made any treaties with the or their reservations Passamaquoddy, so far as I can tell, and yet some bow !1aine now owns all of this Passamaquoddy land, while allowing the FassamaquodL�Y Indians to live there, "during the pleasure of the legislature." I repeat, isn't it about time someone became this involved? Mrs. Ross suggests that the integrity of Gov. Curtis and the Maine State Police has been questioned because in Mr. Cox' article in the Times-Record of November 2nd, 1967, the Governor's appointing of the State Felice to carry out the investigation of the State Police, in effect the accused undertaking the investigation, a totally hollow gesture. Would Nrs. Ross stop and consider: When an accused is brought into our courts, who has done the investigation? The accused? Certainly not.1 The accused u1ay defend himself but he never does the investigation for the State. While some people consider themselves a step and a half above the Indians, - I hope they are not too tall to st.oqp into the teepee of the Indian and to learn the Indian's point of view. • • X X X X· -X X X LETTERS Dear Edi tor: The Issue of.Feb. 16, 1968, the Bureau of Human Relations (paper) The Church vVorld, had an article of Passamaquoddy Indians. The paper This is said that the cb�ldren were given lolly po s for breakfast. untr.ue, because I have taken a Survey of Pleasant Point Reservation and I have asked the mothers of what they feed their children for Breakfast. They all told me that they feed those children. l. Bacon & eggs or saussages 5. Mix Cereal 6. Oatmeal 2. Juice & milk 7. Pancakes 3. Toast 8. Doughnuts 4. Dry cereal These people all so said that who wrote that article in The Church These World can't prove we give our children lolly pops for breakfast. people I spoke to said to me that if they gave lolly pops to their child­ ren it would be�a miracle if they can be filled up with candy. Because (Continued on page 5) �- 5( Letters continued from page 4.) cost 29• a bag, it would be a cheap breakfas t & sup�cr & dinner, if they can live on candy. So I wish who ever writes about children like this please raake sure it is true before it is put in the paper. Don't fie about ·other people's children. they only Sincerely, Elizabeth Stanl�y Cowmunity Action Aide Pleasant Point ( Editor's note; The article on page 21. There are over Perry, which Mrs. 04667 Maine Stanley speaks of will be reprinte d _ ten photographs accompanying the article. The Church World shows in one of the photographs three children, two of whom are eating lolly pops. The children go: unidentified, as well as all the other photographs of Indians and the Indian home:. ·:vhile a pic- . ture is worth a thousand vords, the captions under the photographs seem to add a thousand more words to depict the ,'1deplorable11 conditions. ) De�r Editor: Recently I have been getting equipment ft-0£1 those people 2.nd these are the list of things which the people from Maine have ·sent to the Passar,.iaquoddy Indian Reservation. Sewing material froi.1 Hathaway, Inc., ·1aterville, i•laine; Ample I•1ills, two boxes of material from i rs. material from Guilford, Brewer, Maine; knitting equipment from l'!aine; of patterns from Miss J. Et�1el Cawpbell, Portland, lfuitting instructions and se•ving instructions fron Sarah \fj lson, Machias, aine; and also ten dollar check fro,J Ers. Foster Branch, vhnthrop, Augusta, I.aine; one big box Marston, So, laine; 1'iaine; and last of all, se ing clachines, Feb. the Portland Zonta Club have delivered and donated 22, 1968. So we have three new sewitlg machines. Sewing classes will be held at the �ribal Hall tnis ltlonth. to these people for their generosity. p.�. 7 Also we have knitting classes every Thursdcly, office. Sincere thanks at the C.A.F. All the girls are making hand knitted sweaters and slippers. Thank you, Elizabeth Stanley CouuJunity Action Aide Pleasant Point Perry Dear Mrs. , Maine 04667 Thompson: Enclosed is an announcement concerning a superb new travel fellow­ ship op1ortunity_ being sponsored by the English-Speaking Union, 1Br·1nch. New York T� o fellowships are being offered to residents of New England and I New York. Applic�tions must be received by April 15, 1968. felt that the quickest way to-pass the wazrl.-,�ong Indian people in your area is to send this announcement to yoµ so that you rJight publish the details in your newsletter. May I also take this opportunity to cong�atul�te you on the news­ letter, {hich is a valuable source of infor�ation to ev�ryone concerned with Indian problems. Virginia S. Sincerely yours, (11rs. ) Hart Speciul Assistant ( Comi .unica tions ) U.S. to the Cor.tii issioner .. Bureau of Indian Affairs (Cortinued of pa_e 6) �(��tt€ s continued from page 5) (6) A N � 0 U C E M E N T Applications are invited for TdO iJINSTON CHURChILL TR. VELI1 ·G F:SLLO 51:.IPS �roviairi� nfi 6��ortunity f6 c�rrY out an ima"11 �tive proj�ct to be_ "io­ posed by the successful candidates in the �ecial fields of inte.L·est, in British Commonwealth countries. The grants�ill provide for three to six mon.:ths of professional consultation, field trips, and on-the-job a assignments in Commonwealth countries, and will fay all expenses of travel to, from, and in the host countries, plus a reasonable allowance for living expenses and incidentals. Stipends will average r4ooo. 1 CAl�DIDA'r."s must be United States citizens, residents of or working in New York or one of the New England St�tes, and active in one of the folJowing fields: local, st te, or national politics; Govern�ent and Public Service: civil service. C<?E!!nunica tions: mass media; schools of journalism; schools of COtr.lf1unications. Health and Social Services: comwunity welfare; physicQl rehabilit­ ation; social security; pover�y prograills. ?lanning: urban and rural planning; urban redevelo� ent; derao6raphy; conservation; recla�ation; transport�tion. FOR APP1_,IC.H.TIOE FORMS .�RITE Q..h�rchill Traveling Fellowships, New York Branch, _ English-S eaking Union of the United States, 1 0021 16 East 9th Street, New York, U.Y. APPLICATIONS MUST BE TIBTURNED ro ThE ENG LISH _SPEAKING u ION BY APRIL 1 5,$ g Dear Eugenia Thompson, The subject of this enclosed article is of r;reat importance to v le would �reatly appreciate the Passamaquoddy Indians at Pleasant Point. your putting this article in The ?-i1aine Indian Ne1rnle tter. Sincerely, Joseph Mitchell Governor Passamaquoddy Indians Pleasant Point, 1 4667 Perry, Maine (Editor's note: the enclosed article is �rinted as follows. The subject is well, read on. A very good case for the preservation of t�1e Indian basket-,,!aking art, as well earning a living.) About half the people living on the Pleasant Point reservation are largely supported by the skillful labor of Passamaquoddy Iilen u1aking scale baskets. Fish factories and fishermen need thousands of these rugged Indian baske�s every year to hold fish scales, and lobsters, herring, and shrimp. But these large baskets are made of hard, tough ash. And ash trees are becoilling scarce for the Passamaquoddy Indians. Passauaquoddy sons early learn from their fathers the art of eaving the strips of ash into lasting baskets, held together not by nails or glue, The ash strips are peeled from an ash trunk but by �rt and ingenuity. The that has been pounded for 2 or 3 hours by hand with a heavy club. ash trunks are cut from som� lands privately o�ned in Aroostook County. Only a few private land owners have given the Passanaquoddy Indians per­ &ission to cut ash. (C6ntinu d oh page 21) .. • • • �(7 ) PINE TREE LEGAL ASSISTANCE WORKS ON TEST CASES Trying test cases is rapidly becoming one of the most popular forms of re­ creation in legal services programs, and Pine Tree Legal Assistance is no ex­ ception. Spokesmen for Pine Tree, Maine's statewide program to provide lawyers for the poor, announced recently the commencement of a concerted drive to chal­ lenge present law on a number of points. In announcing the increased effort, Charles Tenney, Pine Tree"s Chief At­ torney, pointed out that a "test case" may be designed to challenge not only the law as it is written, but the way in which officials charged with carrying the law into effect behave as well. he said. "Problems arise not only with bad laws," "We see almost an equal number of injustices resulting from maladmin­ istration of the law." If the law is constitutional and is being followed, Tenney indicated that a test case would be an exercise in sheer futility. sole recourse at that point is to attempt to change the law. The Millard Emanuelson, President of the Corporation, pointed out that "our lawyers consider the good­ ness or badness of a law in light of its impact on their clients. may differ in their judgments. Legislators Nevertheless, the poor ought to be heard on what they think the law ought to be." s With the next regular session of the legislature over a year away, Pine Tree has not yet come up with a definite package of proposals for change. Ten­ ney indicated, however, that proposals very likely would be made in several areas: welfare, juvenile courts, housing, and domestic relations. Meanwhile, Pine Tree's efforts will be concentrated on test cases to the extent that reg­ ular caseloads permit. Pine Tree has already successfully challenged a state Department of Health and Welfare practice of taking a child from its natural parent for "temporary" custody without notice to the parent and without the parent's having an oppor­ tunity to be heard. Attorneys for Pine Tree petitioned the court for a writ of habeas corpus, alleging an unconstitutional denial of due process in failing to provide the mother of a child with notice and a hearing. The Department agreed to return the child when the court in an informal conference indicated that he would grant the writ didn't. (order the child returned to its natural parent) if they Health and Welfare officials have since agreed to abandon their prac­ tice. Pine Tree action on behalf of an inmate of the Women's Reformatory in Skow­ hegan was also effective in instigating an abandonment of the practice, pre­ nie arraignment is that point in a criminal proceeding at which the accused is viously followed in some district courts, of mass arraignments of defendants. advised of his rights. he is waiving. He may waive such rights, but he must understand what In the mass arraignment, it is difficult {if ngt impossible) for the court to determine whether the individual has made an effective waiver. Currently in preparation are cases which draw in question the validity of a number·� of state statutes, and policies and practices under them. Recently in Portland, a woman who had received public assistance from the city was denied The denial was based on by the city desk a certificate necessary for marriage. a state statute prohibiting the issuance of such a certificate " • • • • to a state, where the overseers of such town where the pauper re­ city, or town pauper, sides deposit a list of their state, city or town paupers with the clerk • • • • " Pine Tree learned that neither the city c}erk nor any other city official had such a list. "Even if they did," Tenney said, "the st�tute.is ·pretty. unconsti­ futinnal. It conditions the right to marry on one's affluence; and that's a He added that it was very likely a denial of one's civil rights as well and that federal court action was being considered to endenial of equal protection.'' join the practice. Pine Tree lawyers are also readying challenges to several Health and Wel­ (Contin�ed on Page 8) �(u) PI NE TREE LEGAL (Continued from Page 7 ) • • • • fare pol icie s . Among the m are the ce i l i ngs place d on payme nts under A.F . D . C . (Aid to Fami l ie s with Depend e nt Ch ildre n) and the maxinrurn grant ava i l ab l e und e r the cat e go ri cal a i d pro gram . I n t he first ins t ance , ch i ld re n in l arge fami l ie s s uffer b e caus e the fund s availab le e xt e nd t o cove r a maximum o f seven ch i ld re n· ' in the s e cond s i t uat ion, the e ntire fami l y suffers b e caus e the grant made may be far b e l ow wh at i s actual ly needed fo r the fami l y to live on. O n t ap fo r the int e rmed iat e future are case s in wh i ch Pine Tree wi l l rai se s uch i s s ue s as the valid i ty o f the confine me nt o f al l juveni le d e l inque nt s i n st ate i ns t i t utio ns ; t h e l egal i t y o f s choo l pol i cie s and pract ice s in suspe nd ing, e xpe l l i ng and denying re-ad mi s s io n to s t ud e nt s wi thout provid ing fair he arings to the s t ud e nt ; and t he uncons cio nab i l i ty of ce rtain ins tal l me nt contract s fo r cheap and s o metime s wo rth l e s s me rchand i s e at outrage ous ly infl ated price s . (From a Pine Tree Legal As s i s t ance , I nc. Ne ws Re l e as e by Charl e s W. Te nne y , Ji HA IL TO THE CH IEF Ch i e f Burning Foo t , s eve n-e igh th s Scots-Irish and one -e ighth Ind ian, wear­ i ng a "Mary Po ppins Love s Reagan" button, anno unced he wo uld b e · a cand idate for the pre s ide ncy of the Uni ted State s . Ch ie f pl at fo rm p o int s : Re turn of s t ol e n I nd ian l and s and a b an o n TV f i l ms abo ut Gene ral Cus t e r . (Se e n i n t h e Mont real Star-contribut ed by Nich o l as Smith) NICHOLAS & BROOKS TO ATTEND TRAINI NG PROGRAM De ar Edito r , Though t yo u migh t l ike t o put th i s in a fut ure i s sue of the ne ws l e t t e r . John H . N i chol as and I are goi ng t o Wi s co ns i n fo r a s ix wee k course in a compre ­ h e ns ive traini ng program that i s b e i ng o f fe red by the Ce nte r for Communi ty Le ad ­ er sh ip Deve l opment , Unive rs i ty Ext e ns io n , Unive rs i t y of Wi s cons in, at Mad i son, Wi s co ns in. The pri mary obj e ct ive s of the s ix wee k course are to t rain pe opl e fro m rural are as who can the n re t urn to the se are as t o h e l p prov ide e f fe ctive l e ad e rs h i p in the deve l opme nt of communi t y act ion pro grams . To be e f fe ctive , the s e ind ividual s mus t kno w how to use the t e chnique s of community organizat i on, how to pre pare a prop osal that mee t s d ocumented nee d s , ho w t o se cure furthe r te ch n i cal as s i s t ance when needed , and h o w t o coope rate and coord inate with o ther ' organi zed e ffort s t o e l iminat e pove rty . Fo l l ow-up service s to graduat e s wi l l i nclude as s i s tance i n s e curing e mpl oyment with , o r advance ment in, a community act ion or re l at ed program. The firs t two wee ks o f the .t raining program wil l comb ine cl as s room s tudy , group d i s cus s ions , and workshops . Thi s wi l l i nclude : review of current s ocial cond it ions and prob le m s ; int ro d uct i o n to the cause s of pove rty , means of identi­ fy i ng the nee d s o f a community , int e rpre tat ion and p re s e nt at ion o f s tatis t ical dat a ; id e nti f i cation and s tudy of fede ral , s t ate and private pro grams (de s igned to promote s ocial ch ange ) ; practical exercis e s to deve l op admini s trat ive ski l l s ; mob i l i zat ion and coord i nat ion o f re s ource s ; program deve lopme nt and �valuat ion; program propo s al wri ti ng ; acco unting, fi s cal and reporting proced ure s ; s ocial act ion te ch nique s o f working w i th various s ocio -e conomic groups with in a commun­ i t y; h uman re l atio ns , pub l i c re l at ions , communicat ion and l e ad e rsh ip . The th i rd and fourth wee ks wil l be spent i n actual f i e l d s ituations . The traine e s wi l l b e d iv ided into teams and as s igned to o n-the -job training s ite s whe re , unde r s up e rv i s ion, the y wfl l ob s e rve actual p rograms in operat ion. Dur­ i ng the f i nal two wee ks , b ack at the Mad i s on campus , the t rainee s wi l l eval uate the ir f i e l d experience s , and re f ine the ir own skil l s and technique s in program (Continued on Page 9 ) �(9) NICHOLAS & BROOKS-LETTER (Co ntinued from Page 8) developme nt ope rat ions . Se s s ions will be he ld on the implications of ne w leg­ i s latio n and on po li cy change s with in O EO and related programs . Training work­ s ho ps will afford the m an opportu nity to d raw u pon fie ld exxerie nce s and the ir ho me s i tu atio ns in de s i gni ng model commu nity development programs . Upon gradu­ ation , the t rainee will be equ ipped with many bas ic skills needed fo r e ffective e mplo yment in a community deve lopment agency le ad i ng to po s i t ions of re s pons i­ b i li ty and le aders hi p. Since re ly , Morri s Brooks P . S . -We ' ll be leaving February 14 in order to rece ive some mo ney from Elaine Zimmerman at the Rockafe lle r Ce ntre in Rockville , N. Y. on Febru ary 15 , for a mu seu m lib rary . STUDY TO DETERMINE VIEWS OF INDIANS ON EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES Ind i an hi gh s cho ol gradu ate s in s ix s t ate s will be int e rviewe d to de te rmine the ir views ab ou t t he ir edu cational experience s . The No rthwe s t Regional Educat ional Laboratory wi t h ad mini s t rative office s in Po rtland , O re gon, is condu ct ing a st udy to find ou t wh at has happened to t he 196 2 h i gh s cho o l gradu at e s , accord ing to Al Selinge r , s tudy dire ctor. Coope ra­ ting with the Labo rat ory are the State De partme nt s of Ed ucati on, Bureau of In­ d ian Affai rs , tribal groups , and local schoo l d i s trict s . All I nd ian s tudent s who graduated from high school in 196 2 in Id aho , Mon­ The tana, Oregon, Wash i ngton, and North and Sou t h Dako t a are now be ing located . I nd ians have atte nded federal board ing s chools , .Private and paro chial h igh scho ols , and publi c s choo ls . Trained pe rs onnel will the n interview approx i mate ly 600 of the graduat e s . The Study focu s e s o n the Indian gradu at e ' s vie ws of h i s educational exper­ ience s , both h i gh schoo l and po s t h igh s choo l . Th e pDoje ct i s part o f the Labo r8tory's goal t o deve lop and d i s se minate ins tructional and cou nse ling sys tems to help ove rcome the edu cat ional inequ ali­ tie s which impai r o pportunitie s fo r Ind i an s tude nt s and to enlarge coope rative relat ionsh ips with o ther community age ncie s . Find i ngs of the s tudy, part icularly impli cat ions for t ribal groups and s chools atte mpting to improve Ind i an Edu cation, will be prepared for d i s tribu ­ tion next fall. The No rthwe s t Re gional Educational Laboratory is a nonpro fit organizatio n work ing with s ch ools and other age ncie s in'.the No rth we s t re gion to improve ed­ u cation by applying the find ings o f ne w re s 3arch and techno logy . (From the Sioux Journal, Eagle Bu tte . Sou t h Dako ta, Jan-Feb 1968) KNOW YOUR HERITAGE By Red Cloak A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SOME CH IPPEWA BURIAL PRACTICES 'fi'le trad itional Chippewa Burial Ce remo nie s as practiced on Red Lake con­ s i s t of a h igh ly s tructu red s e t of s ymbo lic practi ce s wh ich are carried out during he four day s following an Ind i an ' s de ath . Thi s short account can do no more th.in touch the surface in portraying these practice s and explaining the ir (Continued on Page 10 ) �(10 ) KNOW YOUR HERITAGE (C o nt i nued from Page 9) me ani ngs . The d e ath o f a Ch ippe wa i s trad itionally announc e d by the fi ring o f a gun. I f the ne wly d e c e as e d pe rson was an adult, seve n s ho ts are fir�d . Fo llowing the p re p aration o f a b urial s i te , the d e c e as e d i s re moved from h i s home by rela­ tive s . He i s s lowly turned in a c ircle four t i me s , the n c arried to the b urial s i te . The grave i ts e lf i s d ug four fee t int o the ground . An up s ide d o wn t ot e m mus t b e plac e d a t the f o o t o f t h e grave be fore any oth e r materials are s e t in plac e . The body i s p lac e d in a wooden c as ke t wh ich i s lowered into the grave . Bo ard s are th e n laid ac ro s s the to p o f the grave and a mound o f e arth i s s e t o v e r the board s . The s oul o f the deceased will h e ar the c all o f the b ird as he ne ars the e nd of h i s four d ay journey t o the land of the Ind ians . Late r , afte r the soul h as re ache d i ts d e s t inat io n and the c e re me ni al ac tiv­ i t ie s have c e ase d , a s mall h ut will be bui lt above the b rave . A s mall tri ­ angular h o le will be c ut i n t h e we s t s id e o f the h ut i n o rder that the s p irit c an pas s out of the grave . The I nd ian i s b uried on h i s b ac k with h i s he ad fac i ng e as t and h i s kne e s drawn up . Along s id e h im in the grave are plac e d s mall s ymbo ls of a bow, an arrow, The s e are the mat e rials a b lanke t , a ke ttle , an axe , food s , and mocc as ins . wh ich he will nee d on h i s jo urney. H i s fac e i s painted red to symb oli ze th at he i s an Ind ian, fo r Non-Ind ians will trave l to a d i f fe re nt afterworld upon the ir d e ath . The pers o n who i s h alf-white and h alf-I nd i an h a s no afte rworld i n wh ich h e i s ac c e p ted . H e i s rele gated t o a k ind o f limbo with no pe rmane nt re s ti ng place o f ·h app i ne s s . I t i s h e re that a n I nd i an will be reunited wi th all h i s relat ive s and frie nd s who I t i s h e re he will rec e ive an ab undance h ave pre c e e d e d h i m tQ the afte rworld . There will be s inging, of eve ryth i ng that he h as c ove ted in h i s fo rme r world. d anc ing, and laugh te r. The journey o f the Ind ian ' s soul i nto th i s land o f happine s s h as four phas e s , o ne for e ach of the s t ratum in the e arth th ro ugh wh ich he mus t pas s . During every s tage o f h i s journey , fri e nd s and relative s s tand vigil ove r h i s g rave , s i nging , s o ngs wh i sh d e s c ribe h i s journe y and aid h i m i n h i s tasks . A h e ad s e nd o f f man, c alled Nee Gan Ne Me h Ja E Nay Ne Neh Ne e , who h as learned all the ph as e s o f the so ul's j o urne y , le ad s the s inging . There may be as many as four d e s i gnate d s e nd o f f me n at a c e re me ny. The s oul leave s the grave e ach ni ght at dusk for four c ons e c ut ive · evenings Each d awn and t rave ls th rough o ne s t ratum pe rfo rming nume rous s ymbo lic task s . the s o ul re turns to the bod y t o re s t unt i l the next eve ni ng' s journe y . O n the fourth evening, the Ind ian so ul make s i ts pe rmane nt depart ure to the land o f hap p i ne s s s o the . v i gil ove r the grave c e ase s . The I nd i an's pas s age b e twee n t wo world s following h i s de ath i s pe rc e ived by the Ch ippewa as a c omplex , s t ruc t ured s e t o f event s , all of wh ich have a Only a very fe w o f t he s e eve nt s c ould be de­ s ymbo lic , religious meani ng. The deepe s t meaning o f the �e remo ny i s o f the s ymbo l ic s c ri b e d i n th i s art ic le . journe y o f the I nd ian's s o ul into that happine s s . (From the Red Lake Re s e rvatio n News , Red Lake , Minn . , 2 /9/6 8 ) CHANGE O F ADDRESS **** Ple ase no t i fy us as s o o n as po s s i le i f you h ave any ch ange o f add re s s . **** TI1ank you for your many le tte rs . We e njoy re �d ing the m . We may be a li t t le s lo w i n ans wering your s pec i f ic que s t io ns , but you'll b e h e aring from us so on. �� !. : ) INDIAN TP,EATIES (Co�tiu�ed from P�ge 2) i r·ac:1 �Tear among said tribe, in such manner as that the-:r uants shall e most e3sen�id ly supplied, and their business most effectua1ly supr0rted • And it . is further agreed by and on the part of said tribe, :.:hat the said C0i.-�om;realth shall have a right at all times hereafter to make and keep open all nec�ssary roads, through any lands hereby reserved for the future use of said tribe. And that the citizens of said Connnonwealth shall have a right to pass and repass any of the rivers, streams, and ponds ... which run through any of the lands hereby reserved, for the purpose of transporting their timter and other articles through the same. In witness whereof, and seal." the parties aforesaid have h£reunto set our hands (The above copy of the treaty of 1818 is then signed by the respective parties. It was then witnessed and recorded. The Penobscot Reservation is nowhere near the size today that it was in 1818. In the next few Newsletters the various treaties and resolves will be printed showing how our Penobscot Reservation has come to be so dimished. same information is found relating to the Passamaquoddy Tribe, l.ncJ ndcd also. - Ed.) 1818 . Also the Newsletter will print some of the treaties made before As the this will be SIOUX LAl·1MAKER DETAILS INDIAN FUTURE - PROBLEl1S, ATTITUDES (The following article appeared in the January 196 7 issue of 11The Optimist Mag­ azine." Its author, Rep. Ben Reifel, is a-member of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe and a former U.S.Bureau of Indian Affairs employee. Congress from South Dakota since 1 961 . ) He has been a member of American Indians on U.S .. reservations and in many cities like Minneapolis and Chicago are amongst the lowest income groups of our society. This results from a shortage of jobs and/or s�ills on the reservations and in the cities, usually because of lack of social and technical preparation. The Federal Government, through the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the churches, via their missonary programs, worked hard for 100 years to educate, but it uas not until 1 92 8 that high school training for Indians got under way in any great measure. Only in the last twenty years have Indian children had all 12 grades available to them. ·ar on Poverty programs are adding to Bureau of Indian Affa:lrs' efforts. Pre-school projects were initiated 30 years ago, funded. but never were adequately ?-!ow with Office of Economic Opportunity efforts on a nat'ionwide scale, Indians are getting some help in this area of-education. Increased attention to disadvantaged minorities growing out of recent civil rights legislation will tend to focus national interest on social and economic deficiencies among Indians • • • • People everywhere are slow to change. 20 , 000 years before Columbus or Leif Ericson. The Indians were here probably The life-ways of the many Indian peoples' cultures are not easily uprooted and they should not be. Yet, �ome hold back social change necessary to a meaningful modern American existence. Here are some basics in this regard: 1. T·Je Americans pride ourselves on our capacity to conquer nature (space) - the Indian's main reliance was on his ability to live We Americans predicate our actions on in harmony with nature. For example, Indians historically lived for today. tomorrow. Americans look at their watches not to see the time it is, but to see what time it isn't yet! 2. 1 Americans through their acquisitiveness strive to accumulate prop­ (Continued on Page 12) �12) ( Con t in ued from Page 11) ty whi c h in gener al is pre stige f 11. r�<l� .,ns !°''l -; sha-.,. ·---��'(" go ods ma inly as a h i storical kind of soc i c:..l . ':'''H:. lt y an..i in p�i:-t to achieve st at ure among the ir own peer s . By the ve":·y na t ure o f o ur soc i e t y this " sharing , ii wh i l e a f ine gestu :e i n e xprc..s sing bro therhood to man , t oo o �en is carr ied to a faul t in i t s appl ica­ t ion in o ur modern t ime s. e - 3. He Amer i c an s are o b se ssed wi th schedul e s . We mal:e e xc use s to o ur asso c iate s when ·we don ' t show up on time for appo intme n t s . Ind ians p l ace no gre a t stor e on this phenomenon we re fer to as •;time . " They even l a c k a word for it i n the ir l anguage . 4. An impor tant par t of o ur American e conomic deve lopmen t i s based on per sona l savings and the ir pro f i tab l e r e inv e st ment . In the nature o f things Ind i ans found i t to the ir d i sadvan tage to save . 5. Ame r i c an s thro ugh a long pro c e ss of many generations have d eve loped In a h i gh r e gard for wor k a s a par t o f the ir fami ly upbringin g . t h e Ind ian s ' hunting and food-ga thering e c onomy, t h e men were warr iors and hun t er The ted io us tasks to ma in tain the fami ly and the l o ca l c o mmun i ty wer e le ft to the o ld men and women. Thi s was e ssen­ t i a l t o e xi sten c e in a t er r i tory where tr i be s wer e con t inua l l y war­ r ing against each o ther. • The for e go in g signif i c an t d i f ferences have been overcome e f fe ctive ly wi th e duc a t ion and job o ppor t un i t i e s . Un for tuna te ly, as ind i cated e ar l ier , work for a money economy is no t read i l y avai l abl e on the r e serva t ions. Ind ividuals who hav� r e sponded t o e d uc a t i o and have an e ffe c t ive d e sire for a d e cent l eve l of l iv i n g have f o und i t n e c e ssar y to l e ave the r e servations • • • Ind i an s can chan ge wit ho ut lo sing the subst an ce o f the ir c ul t ure. There ar e suf f i c i e n t e xamp l e s everywher e by wh ich we and the Indians can take he ar t • • • (From Ind ian Re c o rd , Hashington , D . C. , F e br uary 19 6 8 ) TRIBAL HOUSIPG AIDE NAMED EAS TPORT - Fran c i s S ap i e l has been se l e c t e d ho using coord inator ·for the Sapie l was born Passamaquo dd y Triba l Co un c i l s ' Co mmun i t y Action Pro gram. He i s marr ied t o the and e duc a t ed in Old Town and is a !or ld War II ve teran. former Mar y Ni cho l a s of Pleasant Point and has e igh t chi ldren. Upon b e in g se l e c ted , S ap i e l i ssued the fo l lo wing st a tement: 111 have under t ake n the par t of Housing Coord ina tor of bo th Passamaquod d y Reserva t ions in Washington Coun t y b e c a use the r e serva t ion i s my home and the home of my p e o pl e • • • • " 11More peo p l e wan t t o o wn their o w� homes . The people want homes to·be avai lab l e , and the y want to d e c ide , thro ugh their Tribal Housing Authoritie s , wher e the home s wi l l be p la c e d . &ow there i s no de cent ho using ava i l a ble , even for per sons wi t h higher income . Housing i s poor and is ge t ting dep lorable . '; "The Passamaquo dd y peo p l e need a ho us ing program that wi l l of fer warm I am d e t ermined to he l p and good housing to per sons of a l l income leve l s. the p e o p l e o n the Passamaquodd y Reservations cre ate and c arry thro ugh whatever t yp e of ho using prbgra m the y ·wan t .11 The �for the 19th carried a (From the Bangor D ai l y News, 2 / 2 3/ 68 . p i c t ur e o f John Ni cho las and Mor r i s Brooks , o f Pleasan� Point and Indian Town­ ship Re servations resp e c tive l y , on the ir d e par t ure for a 6 -wee ks tr aining pro­ See le tter on Page 8 , thi s i s s ue . - Ed .) gram for CAP o f f ic i a l s in Wi sconsin. �(lS) I CO�OP CRAF T TEACHDYG UEVIVE S OLD S T!"LLS A ne v exper iment in a coopera t ive craf t t e aching progr am on a connuen i ty c a s i s is now und erway in the Nu lterry Commun i ty , near S t i lwe l l , Cidahoma . The e f for t i s j o in t ly sponsored by the Cheroke e Tr i�e , t he peop . e of the Mu lberry Commun i ty , the loca l schoo l d i s t r i c t and the u . s . ure au of Ind ian Affair s . I t s aim is to teach local adu l t s the ski l l s nece s s ary for them to produce high qua l i ty cra f t i t ems . . Among the ski l l s taugh t ar e s p l i t whi t e oak baske t ry , po t t ery and ceramic s , t ex t i l e s , and s ewing . Among the t e achers is Ge orge Gibso n of Spr ing f ie l d , Ark . , who ha s been making and s e l l ing taske t s for the pas t 60 of his 7 7 year s . �hen the s tuden t s comp l e te t he ir course of ins tru ct ion they wi l l b e e l ig ­ ib l e to j o in a cra f t a s s o c i a t ion i n the ir home commun i ty . F ir s t qua l i ty i t ems produc e d by cr a f t smen find a ready marke t through the Oklahoma Cheroke e Ar t s and Cr af t s Center . (From Ind i an Record , Washing ton , D . C . , January 1 9 6 8 ) __ S TUDY DE110UCE S IND IAN AID E ILL { Sp e c i a l to The Time s from The Was hing ton Po s t ) HAS HINGTON - A s tudy b a s e d on the s e cr e t find ings o f a Hhi t e Hou s e task for c e ca l l s for ma j or chang e s in the way the government he lps Amer i c an Ind i an s . The s tudy , wr i t ten by He rbert E . S tr iner of the W . E . Up j ohn In s t i tu t e for Emp l oymen t Re s earch , say s the governmen t mu s t s top t re a t ing Ind ians as 1 1 s imp le­ mind ed chi ldren . 1 1 I t also at tacks the Adminis trat ion ' s Ind ian e conomic aid b i l l , pend ing in Congre s s , as showing 1 1 a trag ic mi sconcept ion • · o f the ir r e a l need s . Au t hor S tr iner says he \vro te the s tudy on his mm for Congre s s ' Jo in t Economi c Commi t te e . But o thers say S triner was a t ask for ce member , and has inc lud e d a number of the 1 9 66 pane l ' s never -re leased con c lu s ions as we l l as hi s own . The s tudy b las t s the economi c-aid measure , sen t to Cap i t o l Hi l l l a s t May , for 1 : comp l e t e ly ' 1 ignor ing In<l ian ne e d s for educat ion , training , hou s ing , \1e l fare and he a l th he l p " a t a leve l of fund ing never proper ly unders tood . " (From the S t . Pe t ersburg ( F l a . ) Time s , 2 / 14 / 68 - submi t t ed by a r e ader . ) SEP . KEHIIBDY SAYS IND IAN "FORGOTTElln F OR T HALL , Idaho - (AP) - Sen . r.ob e r t F . Kennedy , D-lI . Y . , t o l d Ind i an � , Mr . Kennedy , chairman of a Sena t e "You d on ' t have to a c c e p t the s e cond i t i on s . " subcommi t t e e on Ind ian Educat ion , tour ed the snow- swep t F t . Ha l l Ind ian Re serva ­ t ion ye s terd ay , vi s i t ing schoo l s , hea l th fac i l i t ie s and Ind i an home s . He s a id the Ind ian is the · forgo t t en American : : and i s behind the Negro , Puer to Ri can and Mex ican -American in the aid he is r e c e iving in r i s ing above pove r ty . The le\·7 York Demo crat c i t ed the schoo l drop -ou t r a t e , the uns a t i s ­ fac tory cond i t ion o f Ind ian educa t ion , the $ 1 , 500 average annual income o f working Ind i an s , a n unemp loymen t r a t e 10 t ime s tha t of whi t e s , the ir 1 0-year s ­ shor ter l if e s pan , and a child death rate twic e tha t of the whi t e popu lat ion . (From the Providence . (R . I . ) Evening B u l l e t in , 1 / 3/ 68 - submi t te d by a read er . > . PLEASANT POINT VISTA PICTURED D a i ly News o f F ebruary 26th carried a p i c ture of Ple a s an t Poin t 11le E angor VIS TA Uorke r , An thony P-ex Thoma s , t e aching an ar ithme t i c c l a s s to Pas s amaquoddy Thoma s t eache s 6 r ead ing c l a s s e s and 1 ar ithme t i c c la s s and hope s · s tuden t s . to e s t ab l i sh an on-the - j ob train ing program b e fore l eaving the Res ervat ion a t C l a s s e s a r e h e l d in a t empor ­ the end of h i s o n e y e ar tour -of-duty i n Augus t . ar y c l a s sroom l o aned by the governor and tribal coun c i l to the Dep t . of Educ a t ion . �( 14 ) WANTED : DEPUTY COMMIS S IONER OF HIDIAH AFFAT-:'.. Tb e Maine S t a te D epar tment of Ind ian Af fair s is now ac t ive ly recru i t ing for a D E p u t y Commi s s ioner , a po s i t ion approved by the S e p t emb er s pe c ia l s e s s ion o f the 103rd Leg i s la ture . Announcemen t s o f t h e new opening a. r e b e ing c ir cu l a t e d by the D epar tment of Per s onne l and the Ind ian Af fair s Depar t�ent , both wi thin and ou t s id e of Maine , as s t a te r e s idency requiremen t s have b een waived for this po s i tion. The Depu ty wi l l b e r e s pons ib le for " p l ann ing , deve l o p ing and admini s tering a var i e ty of s t a t e and feder a l con s tru c t ion program s 1 1 on the 3 Re s ervat ions in Maine. He w i l l b e r e s pon s ib le " in conjunc tion with trib a l off icial s for d e termining prior i t ie s of cap i t a l improvemen t pr o j e c t s needed on the Re serva t ions ; for exp lor ing var ious me thod s by wh ich such pro j e c t s may be financed and con­ s truc t e d ; and for prov iding adminis trative and te chnical a s s i s tance to the Tr ibe s and o ther r e s our c e s for capi tal improvement pro j e c t s . " Current a c t iv i t i e s on al l 3 Re s ervat ions invo lve federa l ly-as s i s t ed s ewage , water and hous ing pr ograms , under the d ir e c tion of the 3 R e s erva tion Hous ing Au thor i t i e s . From Augu s t ' 66 through Decemb er 1 6 7 , Mr . An thony Ka l i s s , as a s ta f f member of the Ame r ican Fr iend s Serv i ce Commi t te e a s s igne d to the Dept. o f Ind i an A f f a ir s , h a s b e e n per forming the above func tion s wi th the 3 R e servat ions and ( s ince the ir forma t i on ) the Tr i b a l Hous ing Author i t i e s . Mr . Kal i s s is now t empor ar i ly o c cupying the Depu ty ' s po s i t ion un t i l such time a s a permanent Deputy is hire d ; he is not app lying for the po s i tion h ims e l f. The work of the Deputy Commi s s ioner w i l l require " con s iderab le ab i l ity t o int erpr e t t e chn i c a l pr ogram r equir ement s to Tr ibal and non-Ind ian individuals and o f f i c i a l s , and t o interpr e t the nee d s and concerns o f the Re s ervat ion r e s i ­ d en t s to appropr i a t e s ta t e and federal agency repr e senta tive s . " The Deputy wi l l exer c i s e " a high degree of independ e n t j udgment in analy z ing and s o lv ing t e chn i ca l and admin i s trat ive prob lems . " Bas i c qua l i f ic a t ion s for thi s important new po s i t ion inc lud e " con s iderab le r e spon s ib l e exper ience in deal ing and working with minor i ty and / or underd eve l oped group s , inc lud ing exper ience in an admini s trat ive or supervisory capac i ty ; and gradua t ion from a Four-year co l lege or un iver s i ty with spec ial i z a t ion in so cial s c ience s , l iberal ar t s or r e l a te d areas . " 1 1Ab i l i t y to expr e s s id e a s c l early and conc i s e ly , ora l ly and in -wr i t ing , i s impor t ant . Suf f i c ient phy s i ca l s t amina to trave l ex tens ive ly and t o a t tend many even ing mee t ings , and the ab i l i ty to dr ive a car and the ava i l ab i l i ty o f a c a r are e s s en t i a l . 1 1 The Deputy ' s po s i t ion is a c l as s i f i e d s t ate c iv i l s ervice one � wi th a : Regu lar s a l ary increa s e s wou ld eventu a l ly s tar t ing · s a l ary o f $ 1 69. 00 per week . b r ing thi s to $ 20 6 . 00 per week , over a per iod of year s at current pay s ca le s . As in a l l c l a s s i f ie d s ta t e po s i t ions , th�s one a ls o invo .lve s such " fr inge" b e ne f i t s as promo t iona l oppor tuni t i e s , l iberal vacat ion and s ick leave , r e t ire­ men t programs , ho s p i ta l coverage and l i fe�insurance p l ans , and a l ongev i ty p lan . Maine i s an Equ a l Oppor tun i ty Emp l oyer . On February 2 8 t h , the D e p t . o f Ind ian Affa ir s s ent notice s of this po s i t ion The Per s onnel Depar t ­ to more than 60 Ind i an new s paper s throughout the coun try . ment has routinely mai l e d mor e than 5 0 0 announcemen t s o f t h e po s i t ion in the In add i t ion , some 50 ind ividu a l s or agen c i e s that have c lo s e New Eng l and ar e a . con t a c t w i th Ind i an t r ib e s throughout the Un i t ed S ta t e s wi l l b e conta cte d a s sour ce s o f re ference. Any News le t ter r e ad er i�tere s ted in l e arning more about thts j ob oppor tun­ i t y , or in ob t a in ing the s ta t e app l i cat ion forms for the po s i t ion , or who kngws s ome one who migh t be intere s te d in the p o s i t ion , is urged to contac t : DEPT . OF App l ications IND IAN AFFAIRS , S TATE HOUS E , AUGUS TA , MAINE 043 3 0 wi thou t de l ay . wi l l be a c c e p t e d un t i l May 2 6 , 1 9 68 ; examining and r a t ing by the Per sonne l Dept. , and s e le c t ion by the D ep t . o f Indian Affair s , wi l l o c cur a f t er t hat date. / �15 ) FERRY - Rand a l l Ni cho l s of the U . s . Departmen t of Lab or , Bur e au of Appr e n ­ t i ce s h i p a n d Tr a in ing , Augu s t a , was a v i s i tor a t P l Nich­ e a s ant Po in t Tue s d ay . o l s me t wi th d ir e c to r s of the Pas s amaquoddy Tr ib a l Coun c i l s ' c . A . P . B o ard and o the r s of t he C . A . P . s t a f f to d i s �u s s having an on-the- j ob tra ining pro j e c t for t he Pa s s ama quod d y Ind i an s . The po s s ib i l i ty o f adu l t educat ion c l a s s e s wa s a l s o d i s cu s s e d . In o rd er to qual ify f or federal money f o r an o n - the - j ob t r a in ing pro j e c t , t he Ind i an C . A . P . connni t t e e mu s t submi t a pr opo s a l to W a s hingt on , ou t l ining the typ e s o f work in the ar e a in wh i ch worker shor t ag e s ex i s t , an d g ive f irm as sur ­ anc e from p r o s p ec t ive emp l oyers that they are wi l l ing to t ake on one or more p er so n s to t r a in for the maximum per iod . Thi s wou ld be sub s id i z ed by feder a l fund s a t t h e r a t e o f $ 25 per week , per per son in train ing . Und er t h i s s y s t em , a counc i lor wou ld be hired to s p o t s b e tw e en emp l oy e r and t r a ine e , smo o t h out the rough s o tha t prob l ems and mi s und er s t and ings could b e s o lv e d w i thout unne c e s s ary t ime l o s s . Coun c i l s e s s ions wou ld b e he l d two or more n i gh t s a week and the emp l oyer wou l d a l s o b e vi s i t e d a t l e a s t once a we ek by the coun c i l or . The D e p ar tme n t of Educ a t i on , r e pr e s en t e d by the l o c a l super in tenden t o f s cho o l s , wou ld he l p in cho o s ing a n d approving a qua l i f i e d counc i l or . s hor tage s ing wer e me n t io ned : mo to r r e p a i rman ; o i l burner and furnac e r e p a irman ; nav ig at o r s ; men t o p e r a t o r s and r e p a irman � c arpen t er s ; A t tend ing Tue s d ay ' s me e t ing were : A l t ava t or , Work in d i f ferent o c cup a t ions wer e d i s cu s s ed a t the me e t ing and the fo l l ow­ C.A. P. Board s e cr e t ary ; p lumb e r s ; Linwood S ap i e l , Tony Thoma s , Main s tr e am aide ; Andr eu D ana , hou s ing aide ; of Ind ian A f f a ir s ; l awn mower and ou tb oard e l e c t r i c ian s ; heavy e qu i p ­ hou s ing d ir e c tor ; R i t a VIS TA vo lun teer ; Mary Yarma l , Edward Hinckley , G overnor Jo s e ph Mi t che l l ; D an i e l F r anc is , s t a t e commi s s ioner C .A . P . e c onomic a ide ; Jeane t t e 1oore , memb er of Gov ernor ' s Counc i l ; B e s s i e S t an l e y , commun i ty a i de ; Virg inia Po t t l e , S andr a Po t t le , Kenn e th Newe l l and Barbara Ke nd a l l . (From the Bangor Da i ly New s , 2 / 2 9 / 6 8 � S e e s t ory on Page 1 5 , January i s sue . 1 DE SERVES SUPPORT • F or t he pa s t s everal mon t hs tha t wi l l , f�me to Skowhegan ' s Ind ian name . s cu l p ture , comp l e t e . amoun t . ' to pay f or the c arving and i The carv ng , a lr eady underway by the no t e d $ 10 , 000 . Alre ady , t he l o c a l a s s o c ­ through i t s own e f f or t s r a i s ed severa l thous and d o l lar s toward s t h i s Even though thi s i s a pro j e c t / this group ha s und a:t aken t o advance i t · d e s erve s the support of a l l . • • • (From t he Somer s e t Repor ter . ( S kowhegan ) , 2 / 1 5 / 68 . 6 7 New s le t t er and fo l low-up s tory nex t mon th . - Ed . ) PASSAMAQUODDY GIRL Mi s s Veron i ca Moore , in S e p t emb e r , g r and -d augh ter of Mr s . Mary Moor e , 1968 . A s e n ior a t Shead Memor i a l Highs choo l in Eas tpor t , d o in Co l le g e ' s Upward Bound progr am dur ing a f ormer Upward Bound s tuden t , B idde ford . } 8, Ple a s an t Po in t , N.H. , for admi s s i on and a s tuden t a t Bow­ the p a s t two y e ar s , Veron i c a wi l l b e e n t e r ing Co lby Jun ior ' s 2 -year s e cr e t ar i a l program . Ind ian Town s hip , S e e s tory on Page GAINS COLLEGE AC CE PTANCE has b e en a c c e p t e d by Co lby Jun i or C o l lege in New Lond on , Co l le g e , . ere c t t9n B e rnard Lang l a i s o f Cu shing , Maine , wi l l t ake a numb er o f mon ths to the image o f Sl-:owhe gan , May • in i t s un i quene s s , br ing muclL pul:ii c i ty and The e s t ima t e d co s t was approx ima t e ly i a t ion h a s • the Skowhegan Tour i s t Ho s p i t a l ity A s s o c i a t ion has been qu i e t ly en gaged in r a i s ing fund s of an Ind i an monume n t • (George W i s eman , of i s now a fre shman a t S t . F r anc i s �(16) D IP.EC TORS OF COUNTY E . D . C . MEE T A T M' CHIAC by Ri chard Varney , S e c r e tary The dire c t or s of vJashing ton Coun ty E conomi c Deve lopmen t Corpor a t ion me t a t the F ed era l Bui ld ing , Nachia s , on \Jedne sday even ing , January 3 1 , ui.th Pre s ­ ident Nat han Cohen pr e s i d ing Gue s t s were as fo l l ows : i J i l l iam F i t zhenry , Economi c Deve l opme n t Admin i s trat ion , Por t l and o f f i c e ; Waldo Tibb e t t s , As s i s t ant D i r e c t or , PR IDE ; Tony Ka l i s s , Departmen t o [ Ind ian Affair s ; Ar chie LaCoo te , Ind i an Re s erva t ion C . A . P . D i r e c tor , Pr in ce ton ; Tony Thoma s , Franc i s S apie l , John Ni cho l a s and Eugene Fran c i s , a l l of Plea s ant Point . The f ir s t order of bu s i ne s s wa s to l i s ten to a propo s a l from the Ind ian R e s erva t ion Hou s ing Au thor i t ie s , which are a sking for a government grant of $ 650 , 000 to f inance t he fo l lowing faci l i t ie s : P l e a s an t Poin t Re s erva t ion : Con s truct ion of a new comp l e t e s ewer age system inc l ud ing t r e a tmen t f ac i l it i e s exp an s ion of the ex i s t ing wa ter mains a t the Re s erva t ion to provid e a comp l e t e po t ab l e wa ter supp ly and conne c t ion s to each home Ind i an Town ship Re s erva t i on ( Pe t er Dana Poin t cormnun i ty ) : Cons truct ion of a n ew wa ter d i s t r ibut ion , treatmen t and pr e s sure s y s t em , wh i ch wi l l provide a s our ce o f fr e s h and pur e wa ter to the Re s erva t ion home s ex tens ion s of exi s t ing s ewag e co l le c t ion l ine s The App l i c a t ion i s b e ing made to the E . D . A . for the F e der a l share ( 70%) . S t a t e of Maine is �o con t r ibute the b a lance ( 3 0% ) . The Ind i an Re serva t i on Hou s ing Au thor i t i e s ar e t he app l i can t s , and their repr e s e n t a t ive s a sked for a " le t t e r of endor s eme n t 1 1 from the Coun ty Deve lopment Cor porat ion . The D ir e c tor s vo ted to support the pro j e c t s and d ir e c t e d the Secretary to pr epare a l e t ter ind i c a t ing the i r endor s emen t Mr . F i t zhenry of E . D . A . que s t ioned the makeup of our Board a s to i t s me e t ­ i n g t h e r e qu ir ement s of an Overa l l E conomic D eve lopmen t Plan commi t tee . For o n e t hing , he s ta ted that i t d id n o t have any repr e s en ta tion from minori ty group s . Qui te a long and hea t ed d i s cus s ion r e s u l ted (From the Machi a s News Ob s erver , 2 / 14 / 68 ) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • CLUB COLLEC TS FOR INDIANS WI S CAS SET - G ame s and s ewing ma t e r ia l s wi l l be co l le c ted for Maine Ind ian s by memb e r s o f A l pha Iota Chapter of B e t a Sigma Phi as par t of the ir s ervice work this y e ar . A l e t ter has b e en rece ived from E l i zab e t h S tanley , an aide with the Ind ian Commun i ty Ac t i on Program , who s a id that the Ind ians wou l d appre c ia te game s of all t ype s and any kind o f s ewing ar t ic l e s . I f the re s iden t s of the commun i ty wou ld l ike to don a t e such ar t i c l e s , they may con tac t Mr s . Jack Winter s , Mr s . Edvi l l e Howland or Mr s . An thony Jord an for p i ck-up . (From t he Brun swi ck Time s -Re col'.ld , 2 / 14/ 6 8 ) SMOKE S IGNALS Working at the d e s k nex t to mine on the 1 6 th f l oor of a bui ld ing in Bar t l e s ­ v i l l e , Ok la . , was a Cherokee Ind i an . From our van tage poin t on a c lear day we c ou ld s e e for mi l e s . One morn ing we s a1:-1 smoke r i s ing from a f ire on the hor i z on . My fr iend went to the wind6w , shaded his eye s wi th hi s hand and s tud ied the smoke f or a l ong momen t . Turn ing to me w i th a twinkle in hi s eye , he s aid , " I don ' t b e lieve a word of i t . " (From the Reader ' s D i g e s t , February 1 9 6 8 ) �( 1 7) FRON HERE AND THERE S i s t er Nary Lawr ence , 8 5 , a S i s ter of Mercy who a t one t ime served in Lewi s ton , d i e d S aturday at the ord er ' s Mo ther House at Por t land a f t er a long i l lne s s S i s ter Nary Lawrence had serve d at a l l three of Ma ine ' s Ind ian reser­ vat io n s (From the Le·w i s ton-Auburn Journa l , 1 / 29 / 68 ) • • • • • • The Pe j e p s c o t Hi s tor i c a l S o c i e ty mee t ing at Bowd o in Co l lege o n January 29th he ard a t a lk by Dr . Robert Cummin s of ""owdoinham on the Ma l i s e e t Ind ian Tribe of Merryme e t ing Bay . The E angor D a i ly Nei:·1s of February 1 7- 1 8 th carr ied a p i c ture of the fir s t a l l - Ind i an Pas s amaqu oddy B o y S cout troop , chartered a t spec i a l exer c i s e s i n Prince ton on February 1 3 th . Pic tured were Scou t s Timmy S teven s , . en j amin S t evens , Char l e s S tevens , Augu s t ine S tevens , Howard S tevens , Chr i s topher Po l c he s , John Dana ; S cou tmas ter G i lbert: He l l s , Ind ian Town ship Governor John S t evens , and are a S cou t exe cu t ive Ear l Reed . Among the town record s of Phi l l i p s town are volume s of cop i e s of d e e d s repor t ing s a l e s _ o f land from Ind ian Sagamore s to ear ly re s ident s of the com­ mun i ty , whi ch b e c ame the town of S anford some 100 year s after be ing e s tab l i shed as Phi l l i p s t own . Colby C o l lege Sen ior David Berube , who served as a V I S TA Vo lunteer on the Ind i an Town ship De s ervat ion for a ye ar , spoke to s tudent a s s emb l i e s at Coney High Scho o l , Augu s t a , and Ken t s Hi l l S choo l , Ken t s Hi l l , recen t ly , about hi s work on the P.e serva t ions last year and the n a t iona l V I S TA program . Mon t ana S t a t e Univer s i ty , found ed on o l d Ind ian hun ting ground s , d id � honor an Ind i an l e ad er , Darney Old Coyo te at i t s 7 S th ann iversary ce lebrat ion Old Coyo te , 4 5 , wi l l r e c e ive an honorary d o c torate for many during F ebruary . ach ieveme n t s . They inc lud e his pr e s ent work as a s s i s t ant to Secre t ary of In­ ter ior S tewar t Ud a l l in charge of Job Cor ps camps . Pas s amaquoddy Leg i s la t ive Repre senta t ive George Fran c i s , of Pleasant Po in t , t e s t i fied in Augus t a on February 2 1 s t be fore a 5 -man subcommi t tee of the Leg i s l at ive Re s ear ch Commi t tee , d i s cu s s ing s t a te l i quor laws and Li quor Com­ Repr e s enta tive Franc i s repor ted tha t boot legg ing is r i fe on mi s s ion ru l e s . "He don ' t have a wa t er supply the tribal r e s erva tions in W a shing ton Coun ty . (BDN , 2 / 2 2/ 68 ) but we have l i quor , a t boot l eg pr i ce s , " he said . S e quoia tre e s ar e named after the Cherokee chie f , S e quo -Yah , who com­ p l e ted the f ir s t a l phab e t ever d ev i s ed for an Ind i an tongue . Senator E . L . Bar t le t t , D-Alaska , warned of a grave and po tent ia l JJ · ��- . ger ou s s i tu a t ion in the na tion ' s ar c t ic reg ions whe r e U . s . c i t i zeL s o( E s k imn and Ind ian s tock r e ly pr imarily on caribou for the ir pr in c i pa l food sonfte Ar c t i c l i chen , or tundra mo s s , ha s been found to be he av i ly con tamina ted w i th two r ad ioac t ive e l emen t s , as r e su l t of fa l lout prior to the world b an on nuc lear In each s tep of te s t ing . Caribou eat the l i chen as a ma in food source . the food chain , the amoun t s of the rad ioac t ive e l emen t s become incre as ing ly concentr a t ed . The e lemen t s affe c t the mu tat ion o f gene s truc tur e which can lead to d e f ormi t i e s in unborn ch i l dren , and also can cau s e leukemia and bone cancer . Bar t le t t was te s t i fy ing at a he ar ing chaired by Sena tor Edmund s . Muskie , D-Ma ine , on nuc lear air and water po l lu t i on . _ �c8) r£ SERVATION PLANNING DISCUS SEn of AUGUS TA The fir s t compr ehens ive e conomic deve l opmen t pl an in 300 year s con t ac t be tween the Pas s amaquoddy Tr ibe of Maine and non -Indian immigran t s was the s ub j e c t of d i s cu s s ion a t a n in ter -agency mee ting he ld i n Augu s ta on Mar ch S t � . Repre s en t a t iv e s of the Pa s s amaquoddy Tr ib a l Counc i l s ' Commun ity Ac t ion Progr�, the S ta te Depar tmen t s o f Ind ian Affair s , Economi c Oppor tun i ty and E conomic Deve lopme n t , and the U . S . Depar tmen t of Hou s ing and Urb an Deve lop­ men t me t in a day - l ong s e s s ion to d i s c u s s the pr o cedur e s to be fol lowed in ob tain­ ing a feder a l gran t for 75% of the co s t of a compr ehen s ive p l an for the two . Pa s s ­ ama quodd y Re s erva tions in Washing ton Coun ty . I t i s an tic ipated tha t the 2 5 % non­ F ederal r e quiremen t cou l d be me t by the provi s ion of cash and s ervi ce s by various s ta t e depar tmen t s . Pa s samaquoddy C . A . P . Direc tor Ar chie LaCoo te and his Hou s ing Coord inator , F r anc i s Sapie l , wi l l b e d i s cu s s ing the s e po s s ib i l i t ie s w i th the Trib e s ' Commun i ty Ac t i on b oard o f d i r e c t or s in mee t ing s this week , a s s i s ted by repre s en ta t ive s o f a New York - b a s e d consu l t ing f irm , Communi ty Change , Inc . , wh ich i s con tracted to the C . A . P . The federal r e pr e s e n t a t ive s emphas i zed the ir in tere s t in making any p lan comp kt: e enough to e l imina te the nec e s s i ty for such a document in fu ture app l i ca­ tions t o fede r a l agen c i e s for s p e c i f i c programs . · The Pa s s amaquoddy Trib e s (as we l l a s the Penob s c o t Tr ib e ) have a lready begun nego t ia t i ons w i th the De pt . of Hous i ng and Urban Deve lopmen t , and the federal E conomic Deve lopmen t Admin i s tra t ion , for t he d eve l opmen t o f ad e qu a t e s ewage , wa ter and hous ing programs on the 3 Re s ­ erva t ion s . I f approved , the s e w i l l r e pre s en t the f ir s t such programs on any � Re s ervat ion in the coun try , though they are increas ing ly common o � Re s er­ va tions whi ch are under the j ur i s d i c t i on o f the fe der a l government . A typical comprehen s ive p lan wou l d inc l ud e an inve n t ory of the human , phy s ­ i ca l and na tura l r e s ource s o f the a r e a in que s t ion ; a s tudy of the s e re source s and any prob lems a f f e c t i�g the ir deve lopmen t ; and s pe c i f i c sugge s t ions for fu ture The Tr ibe would b e as ked to improvemen t pro grams to d evelop the s e r e s ource s . appr ove the propo s a l b e fore it is submi t ted to the DHUD , and wou l d se le c t and over s e e the con s u l t an t to carry ou t the s tudy . Ind ian Commi s s ioner Edward Hin ckley told the New Engl and Regional Commi s­ s ion in Novemb er , 1 96 7 , a t a pub l i c hearing : " The Tr ib e s of Maine have l i t t l e or no u s e ab l e in come a t pr e s en t . The deve lopmen t o f Tribal re s our c e s i s an obv ious n e c e s s i ty . It i s too l a t e to turn b ack through Co lon i a l h i s t ory and preven t today ' s Ind i an prob lems . Maine ' s fir s t c i t i zen s mus t be a s s i s ted so t hey may p l ay a meaningfu l and proud par t in the S ta t e ' s s oc i a l and e conomic deve lopmen t . " The Mar ch 5 th mee t ing wi l l open the door to the s e goa l s for the Pas sama­ quoddy Tr ib e ; t he c ooper a t ion b e twe en the Tr ib e s ' own Commun i ty Ac tion Program and the appro pr iate s ta t e and fede r a l agen c i e s w i l l make pos si b l e s ome long ­ overdue compr ehens ive Tr ib a l p l anning . - IND IAN YOU TH ADVANCE THEIR EDUCATION Mi s s Alb er t a Nicho la s , daughter of Mr . and Mr s . Jo seph Ni cho las of Pleasant Po in t , s t a r t e d t ra in ing a s a Prac t i c a l Nur s e a t the Nor thern Maine S choo l of Ap p l y ing las t S e p t ember to the S ta t e ' s nur s ing scho o l s Nur s in g in Pre s qu e I s l e . Mi s s Ni cho l a s ' admi s s ion had to be p o s tponed un t i l t h e March c l a s s due to a s hor tage o f space . Mr . David Franc i s , Jr . , son of Mr . and Mr s . David . Franc i s , Sr . , of Pl easan t Poin t , h a s b e en · accep ted in nex t S e p t embe r ' s freshmen c l a s s a t the Nor thern Mr . Fran c i s i s pre s e n t ly a sen ior at Maine Vocat iona l - Te chni c a l Ins t i ttt e . Shead Memor i a l High S cho o l , in E a s tpor t . B o th s tuden t s w i l l be bene f i t ing from the Ind ian s cho l arships au tho r i zed by the S ta t e B oard of Educat ion in the summer o f 1 9 6 6 . �(19) HinCKLEY ANNOUNCE S PROGMH REDUCTICNS Due to inc r e a s e d c o s t s o f go od s and servi c e s provL� 2 d by the :nd ian Af f a i r s Commi s s i oner Edward Hinc k l ey a s ke d the January s p e c i a l s e s s ion o f t he l 0 3r d Leg i s l a ture f o r supp l eme n t a l appropr i a t ions of $ 4 8 , 000 f o r t h e remaind e r D e par tmen t , of t he cur ren t f i s c a l y e ar and for nex t f i s c a l year , b e g inn ing Ju ly 1 , 1 9 6 8 . The fina l re s u l t o f th i s r e que s t wa s an add i t ional sum o f $ 1 8 , 000 for the curren t y e ar only , and order s t o Hin ck ley t o take imme d i a t e s t e p s t o keep' depar tmen t a l s pend ing w i thin the l e g i s l a ture ' s appropr i a t ion . ( S e e s tory o n P a g e 1 9 , January New s le t ter . - Ed . ) At a Pe nob s c o t Tr ib a l me e t ing on F ebruary 2 1 s t , a j o in t me e t ing of the Pas s ama quoddy Counc i l s on F ebruary 2 5 t h , and Pa s s amaquoddy Tr ibal mee t ing s at P l e a s an t Po i n t and Ind ian Town ship on the 2 6 t h and 2 7 th , Hi nckley d i s cu s s e d the s i tua t i on and t he ne c e s s ary program reduc tions wi th the Ind i an s . As an ind iv idua l as s i s tan c e p�ogram , b a s e d on s p e c i f i c in c ome and n ee d , has b een in e f f e c t a t t he Penob s c o t Re s erva t ion for y e ar s , r e du c t i on s there wi l l b e accomp l i s he d o n a c a s e -by- c a s e b a s i s , oper a t ing ��i thin the fund s ava i l ab l e for the r en:.z inder o f the f i s ca l year . At t he Pa s s amaquo ddy Re s erva t i�ns , an ind iv idual a s s i s tance program i s b e ing s e t u p b y f i e l·� agen t H . G .We s ton ; work o n such a progr am , wh i ch was d e emed e s s e n t i a l by the D ep t . of He a l t h and We l fare in 1 9 6 2 , b u t never e s t ab l i s he d , b e ­ g an w i t h Mr . W e s ton ' s appoin tmen t l a s t Oc tob e r . Such a program w·i l l · permi t the equ i t ab l e admin i s t r a t ion of as s i s tance s e rvi c e s , whe ther they expand for the fu tur e ) or mu s t b e r e d u c e d ( a s i s t h e c a s e a t pr e s en t ) . In add i t i on , (as to b r ing y e ar ly s p end ing wi thin appropr i a t e d amoun t s , is ho p e d some pr ev iou s ly ' ' b lanke t " programs a f f e c t ing the two Pa s s amaquoddy Re s erva t ions have had to be cu t -b a ck , at me d i c a l t r an s p or t a t ion ; c o l l e c t phone calls s e rvi c e s ( ex c e p t for exp e c t an t mo thers ) ; (now t o to t h e C a l a i s f i e l d o f f i ce b e a c ce p t ed o n l y from Tr ib a l Governor s o r Lt . pe c t an t mo ther s ) ; The s e inc lud e l o c a l le a s t un t i l a f t e r the f ir s t of Ju ly . j Governor s ) ; ou t-pa t ie n t me d i c a l f x­ pre s cr ip t ion �x g en s e s ex ce E t tor n t ( ex c e p t for pr � R fi o g� ch£ 3f�� � and fr e s h mi lk d e l iver i e s � � f Per s o n s r e c e iv ing any o f the above serv i c e s from the Div i s ion of Gener a l As s i s ­ t an c e , D e p t . o f He a l th and W e l fare , or through var ious Pub l ic A s s i s t an c e programs , w i l l n o t be a f f e c t ed . Other forms of we l fare as s i s t an c e wi l l be prov ided in l ine w i t h the by-c a s e b a s i s . ind iv idu a l fami ly budge t s wh i ch Mr . He s ton i s pre par ing on a c a s e ­ In -pa t ie n t me d i ca l c ar e i s n o t a f f e c t ed . the February me e t ings s ugg e s ted a numb er of way s expen s e s c o u ld be r e duced ; one _o f tbe s e 'wa s . _ "borrowing " nex t y e ar ' s fue l money Hinckley ob t a ined permi s s ion for u s e in curr e n t general a s s i s t an c e programs . to this e f f e c t from the S t a t e Commi s s ioner o f F inance and Admin i s t ra t ion , per ­ mi t t ing the ab ove -men tioned exc e p t ions to the re s t r i c t ions on mi lk , ou t - p a t i e n t nie Pa s s amaquodd y Tr ib e a t care , a n d p r e s cr i p t io n s . Hinckl ey ho p e s tha t , a f ter t he f ir s t o f Ju ly , s ome of the above s e rv i c e s may b e r e t urne d , though t he amoun t avai lab l e to the D e par tme.n t for nex t year ' s The e s t ab l i shmen t o f program i s no gr e a t er t han tha t avai l ab le curr en t ly . ind iv idua l a s s i s t an ce bud g e t s shou l d , i n any ca s e , permi t next y ear ' s program t o oper a t e wi tho u t ma j o r chang e s during the 1 2 -mo nth period i n que s t ion . IND IANS ELE C TED TO COUN'IY C . A . P . B OARD In a s er i e s of 7 Wa sh ing ton Coun ty e l e c t ions for the Coun ty ' s RegionA� A c t ion Age ncy ' s b oard of d ir e c t or s , John Gar f i e ld' Homan o f Plea s an t Po i n t wa s e l e c t e d a r e p r e s e n t a t ive o f the p o or from Reg ion 5 , and Gov . Jo s eph Mi t che l l I n Region 7 , Lo l a S ockaba s in and S imon a s a Region r e pr e s en t a t iv e - a t - large . Soclcab a s in , b o t h of t he Ind i an Town s h i p R e s erva t i on , were e l e cted as tha t Reg ion ' s A to tal of 2 3 repre s � n t a t iv e s o f t he poor or a t ­ two repre s en t a t ive s -a t - l arge . large were e l e c t e d in the 7 Region e l e c t ion s . �r- ; · :. .,___.... -- - / : ,. '. t_ ' I - - - . • ....\..I '-�. , . · - · } ! ; \_· · -- -- JUNE 17, 1968 .. �- S PECIAL STATE-W IDE ELECTION � } l. c-1 ·�� e n -· (_2 ,' _:) \'1 ·� IJ ;� ON REFERENDUM QUE S TION No . 1 " SHALL THE S TATE PROVIDE FOR CONSTRUCTION AND MODERNIZATION OF SCHOOL FACILITIES AT THE THREE INDIAN RE SERVATIONS AND CONSTRUCT WATER AND SEWAGE FACILITIES AT · IND IAN TOWNSHI P RESERVATION IN PRINCE TON BY I SSUING BOND S IN THE AMO�T OF $ 384 , 000 , PAS SED AT THE SECOND S PECIAL SESS ION OF THE 103RD LEGISLATURE ? " Vote � Vote � Vote � Vote !§! Vote YES Vote !!§_ Vo te � Vote � Vote � Vote OPECIAL NOTE : So-cal led " Independ en t" vo ters - tho s e not enro l led as Repub l icans or Demo crat s - WILL be ab l e to vote on pr imary e l ection day , June 1 7 th . That 1 s because re ferendums on three bond i s sues wi l l be held in conjunc tion with the b a l l o t ing for par ty �ominee s . ANY REGISTERED VOTER WILL BE ABLE TO BALLOT ON BOND IS SUE S INVOLVING PROJECTS AT THE INDIAN RE SERVATIONS , Farming ton S tate Col lege and Maine Mar itime Academy . JUNE 1 7 - QUE S TION No . 1 - VOTE � - JUNE 1 7 - QUE STION No . 1 - VOTE � - JUNE 1 7 • AND TELL YOUR FRIENDS ! - � � � - - - - - - -- � � - - - - - - - - - -- - � - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - � - - - -- - � MUSEUM OF INDIAN RELICS I$ PLANNED PR INCETON - Indian Coimnuni ty Action Program Director Archie LaCoo te re turned Thur sday from a 3-day training program and mee ting for a l l Maine CAP d iFector s at King f i e l d The CAP Direc tor announced the po s s ib i l i ty of beginning a Pas s ama­ quoddy Indian Museum Library wa s discu s s ed during the February me eting of the Pa s samaquoddy CAP board of d irectors in Calai s . The mee t ing was the f ir s t he ld under the new b oard chairman , Governor John S tevens of Pr ince ton . Tile mu seum l ibrary is be ing · sough t in an e ffor t to s ave the remaining Ind ian ar tifac t s , hi s tor i ca l ly impor tan t documen t s and exampl�s of anc ient Ind ian crafts s t i l l ex­ Gov . Joseph Mi tche l l of Pleasant Point sugge s ted tha t s ince i s t ing i n the area . o ld exampl e s of some crafts would b e almos t impo s s ib le to ob tain • some, reproduc· • • • �(21) (LI:TT- RS c o n t in u e d Li gh t , that ar e but extrac t auto las t a wh o l e .: o l d cut , A ash on the are hold more fe i · and s c ale fish of of i s mad e fac t ory lus t e r d e mand . b as ke t s . l o nge r . the of n e �r l - - f r o a s h b aske t s ..i: t h a t And fr om Yet wh e r e they are t r ib e d e ma n d the c an e x­ far F i s h e r m e n are each o t he rs ' on ly a its s aid b oat s , few priv a t e Pa s sai , a q u o d d y pe o p l e ope rat ors or are so of s c ale that b a s ke t s . to land The ash in b aske t s J.i.r r o2 t o ok good to trees and r . a n y f i s h e rman a n d Po in t , an a s h t he s e own e r s Pas s a�a ­ t ak e often b e c&use t o p u t 11o r e Ple a s an t c on v i n c e d to cut . ' l i v i n g . p o und i n g n o w a l l o ·,1 e d make s us e . into 15 s c i e n t i.J3 t s S ince es�ence of fac t or ie s s old t o �o s t l y s c a. l e s . in e xpe _ _ s iv e gr e a t e r In d ian Pas s aillaq u o d d y I n d i an s The f o r t he land a who le b a sk e t s given · r o f i t ab le fish in ever plots p or t i on hav e 11ses le t i c s - - t he nre fish o ak and pl a s t i c s c a l e b as k e t s s i.wp ly d o Pas s ama q u o d dy In dians c ann o t find e n o u gh a s h t r e e s the a n d �e av i n g s c a le C ou nt y � os pale b a s ke t s f r om h e r r i n g F a c t o ry made But go od quoddy ash it to s e as o n u p .. a s h s c a le o f pearl i inding n e w pa in t t h e s u pp l y . c e ed s not to i r o n - l i ke e s se n c e c on t i n u a l l y good 6) f r om pa g e log is well us e d when Pa s s araa q u o d d y I n d i an s me a n o f P l e a s a n t P o i n t a s k e a c h lan�own e r i n A rr o s t o c k C o un t y t o a l l ow e v e r y in no way t o ash t re e har m that e a rn their D e ar I li a v e he the c an land s par e , ill aost s c r i pt i o n n e vs le t t e r b e en I aui e n c l o s i n g to JOU sen t Y o u wi l l I to the e a c h �o n t h ' s I n d ia ns to be land cut , so own e r s . that a ll w in t e r with one l av e n ' t b e e n ab l e c op i e s priv a t e the T h e Pas s awa q u o d d i e s P a s s ama q u o d d i e s c an li v i n g . T h o mps on , !r s . of me be car e of 1967 in t ha t f or ' t o know t ha t I for 1 968 $ 5 . 00 not Two a n o t he r , find to s h ow t n y ap� r e c i a t i o n . extra s ome t h in g i n y w o rk a s C ha i rman the D . A. R . Th ank so I f o r ;:.1 y s u b ­ d o l l ar s' is d ollars for , ne ws . of t he after n ow . pay I c a n a lw ays c an u s e i n r e a d i n g a ll c o ld b e fore and three I did Ph o e n i x Chap t e r e n J OY this money qrde r a g l ad is sue in F or t als o t c. ! ·e y ou a gain for all the the n e .v s l e t t e r o f Ame r i c an f o r y o u r kin dne s s . H a r r i e t Krumh o l t z N e w B e d � ord , ( Ed i t o r the 's note : an d w a s : o r ld , le t t e r on t h e f o l l ow i n g ar t i c le is b e ing r e pr i n t e d f r om T h e C h ur c h Re fe r t o w r i t t e n b y Pe t e r J . T u rn e r , F e b r ua r y 16 , 1968. page gone unh e e d e d . T he ille gi t e rm the e l fa r e thre e 4. ) of pr ob l ems i ma c y , Mas s . As t he d e p l o r a b le a all r e s e rv a t i on s have many � are a l c h o l i sm , �n e mp l oyme n t , h ousi ng , d e pe n d e 1 c y and Ma i n e in Ind i a n s a re sul t , un . , :e t 43 0 per rtle d i c a l and c &pi t a annual c on t r i b u t e d to and they ' ve school d en t a l in c ome ge ne r a l i z e d ge n e r a l l y drop- ou t s , n e e ds , f or long t \1 0 of apa t h y an d t h e r e c e n t e f f o r t s t o b r in g a o o u t v a s t c h a n �e s i n t h e r e s e r v ­ c owm u n i t i e s , t h e D i o c e s an B r e a u o f H uma n R � la t i on s S e rv i c e s h e lpe d s �0n s o r a s u · e r • pe a c e c or p ' pr o gr a m on t h e r e s e r v n t i on s l a s t ye ar . d e pr e s s i on . Am o n g a t i on an t 1 r o p o l o "' y , s o c i e:.. l ·· a rk , w i t h c l ia p l a i n s , t h e I n d i a n s , Repre s e n ta t iv e s f r ow t h e fie lds of an d p .sy c h o l o t:;y · .v orke d · f o !' s i x lil o n t h s r e lig ion , n u r. s i n g , C ommi t t e e w o r k on ( U US C ) the pr e pa r in g r e s e rva t i o n s S tate for the o f f i c ia l s pr o j e c t , t h e ms e lv e s . e d uc a t i on , and and the then s o c i o l o �y , Un i t ar i a n - Un i v e r s a l i s t t wo m on t hs of v o l un t e e r s e r v i c � s to t h e p r o g r a m h i gh l i gh t e d t h e gaps t ha t e x i s t e d in e s u l t , t h e B HRS e mba r k e d o n a s � r i e s o f pr o grams , c ommun i t i e s . As a dire c t r ( C on t i n u e d on page 2 2 ) The �( �he in C hu r c h if o r l d , c o n j un c t i o n wun i t y A c t i o n e f fort to A s t ep fill t h e se vices to c ondu c t RN , Ma r y D e n i s of ama q u o d d ys , ed and to A school fa c e s B u r e au / of is t o.k i n g The the B ur e a u and n ow t he fo r J'v1o r c- among the for o ft e n year als o e v e n t ud l The the By s t ep in pr o p o s i n g an the to a ll e v ia t e what is a pp e a. r s the to sch ool youths unab l e t o .ue e t t his the thG to f i n an c ia l is e d uc a t i o n a l ( s ic ) of a an d p up i l In d i a n s pr e s e n t l y a loo i n f u t ur e c h ap l a i n s , deac ons r e s e rv a t i on s are s oc io lly , a nd t i on , wi t h b ut als o B ur e au ne e d e d s ma l l t he and mode rn but they Chur c h our diocese . in agen c i e s , p r o gr e s s . not the not w ou l d m o r e only Po i n t . orien tation t he baRc s ki l l s c h ap l a i n s re lated in c l o s e ly guar ­ s e c onda�Y. e d u c ­ the for p r o 0 r aill r e s e rv a t i on s . Bee .use t he c u l t ur a l l y , e d u c a t i o n a l l y , mus t a s s um e a C h r i s t - l i ke fun c ­ r e l i gi o us t he in h is t ory p o t en t ia l s , a nd s t r i c ke n t e c hnique s , to cas e purs u i t s . the domons t r a t e a. l- r o graw a n d Pe t e r D an � deve lop a on p ov e r t y And at o b j e c t iv e s I n d i an Hi s s i o ns d i f f i c u l t ie s wh i c h t h e o t ud e n t , t o tal answe r t h e y pr o v id e will an o f C hur ch a n d r.'f.aim ' is He ad j us t men t s , s t a t i on e d a s s i s t an c e mai n t e na n c e Th is parish hall the c y c le t o ge t h e r total c or p ' t o d e v e l op e c o n omica lly , F i nan c i a l t he of and nuns t he / f o r t he ' pe c'. c e costs , h an d i c ap , in h i r i n g a c o-0 r d in a t o r o f t h e n e w wi l i � t o i d n e t i f y e a c h y o u n gs t e r v o c a t i on a l hopes a e n ga g e d c ur re n t success of h e l p pay the se b r e ak t he $ 50 , 000 year 1 s c o un s e l i n g s e r v i c e s n e c e s sary c on t i n u e d but Tlie them . and a h i gh who ....s e l e c t s .. p r o � r am b r i n g i n g imp l e me n t t o t a li n g mu c h be imp l e �e n t a t i o n is h e lpi n g r e pe a t i n f; l as t c on s t ru c t i on pr e ­ s ywp t orns p opu l a t i on . not , r e �o v i n g e s tab l i s j e xp e l id ur e s s t u d en t ' s p a s t the a t ion CJ L a t t e mp t the h i gh I nd i an s . inc lude Bureau pr o v i d e an t e e in c o ugh me d i c i n e ' pain - r e l ie v ii. 1 g 1 Pas s a ma q u o dd ys . D iv i s i o n ' s s e rv i c e s . B i s f un c t i on f r om t h e r e s e rv a t i o n n o w i n h i gh s c h o o l . and of Pa s s ­ when need­ c t iv i t i e s . · t han r e s e r v .-i t i on it h d e awa l . ,Jo r e r ·1ar y the t h r e a t me n t as p i� i n , e x c h a n ge diab e te s avai lab l e i n v o lv e d , A n t i c ip a t e d of of b e i n g r e s e ar c h e d fe e s . one S is t e r ph ys i c i a n's d i agn o s i s . C a la i s f fo m t h e is a ge n c i e s e d u c a t i o n _. t o this the . misu s e o f which a now in uia j o r Indian S e r ­ r n r ki n g Hi t h h e lp a n d e xi s t i n g p ov e r t y . all of are r o om away an the D iv is i on b y Mother mon t hs is ob t a i n pr o j e c t eventual three f a c i n g S i s t e r C ar i t as s e r v i c e . pr o g ram l;! i gh in f i .c s t of pr o gr a.1,15 . t o wrk w i t h an All t ub e r c u l o s i s and s uppor t e d �V c S ""! to pr ob l e m B ureau 1 s a D iv i s i o n 1 h ome - mad e 1 _ h �al t h c h i ld r e n ; among adult s . S c h o la r s h o p s and pas t t he t h e i r b oa r d t h e C o m­ P ar i s h C u un c i l s t o t he of s e ek me d i c a l of pr o p o s e d dental the to t h e i·, inc luded of o f F.: d u c a t i on , t he o f Me r c y � prac t i c e e ffort led di o c e s a n the any and en t the Bureau spe n t e n c oura · ing An o t h e r incidence to establ a c t iv i t i e s sc riptions a has s le e p i n g · p i l l s w i t h wi tnout tLe c o or d in a t e S i s t e rs ab an d o n Th e s e and t o B ishop G e rity with ap � o i n t e d the D e p a r b1e n t t h e T r ib a l C o un c i ls 1967 , S i s t e r C c.r i t a s 21) page the S tate gaps . and was r r om UUS C , s ub u i t t e d No v e rmb e r C ari tas , the Pr o gr am , re por t in c ontinued ·l i t h to a n d kn o w l e d ge wi l l qva i l a b le to c on t inued be to h e 1p b u i l·d i n ts s . the p r o b Ja-c1s t h e re s p o n s iv e f a c i n g Main e ' s c .:.'. r e an d c oncern In dians of f r om wJ i i c- h Ma i n e a n d a l l h e r pe o p l e c o n j un c t i on with the work of the t he o th e r can �MAINE IND I AN (d) MA IDENS ON RETREAT T ie n t y- s ix In d i �n t e e n age gi r l s t r a v e l e d f r om Ma i t 1 e ' s t h r e e r e s e r v a ­ tions t o t h e Ob l a t e R e t r e a t H o u s e i n A ugu s t a. F or t hree d a ys · f r om F e b r u a r y 1 9 t h to the 2 l s t , � t � e - �i r l s :had. pe� � expe riences . While it was t he firs t time ma n y ha d r - seen t he Cap i t ol , all of t he s ir ls h a d n e v e r b e en o n a s p i r i t uar ret reat . The trip w a s s p on s o r e d b y the Bu r e au o f H uraan R e l a t i o n s . Si s ter Mary Cari t as , wh o is a n u r s e , a C C 0i.i1p an i e d the girls through t he S ta te House , t he Bla ine Ma nsi o n a n d t h r o u �h t h e sh o pji n g c e n t e r s . S he h as or gan i z e d t e en a g e c l ub s on t he t h ree reserva t ions. T h e r e t r e a t �s o n e o f t l� many act ivi t ies t ha t s he i s plan n i n g w i t h the gi r ls. F a t h e r F . A . Bo u r q u e , a d m i n i s t e r of t h e Ob la t e R e t r e a t � o us e , p l a n ne d t h e s p i r i t u a l p r o gr aF wi t h t he emphasis in " h e l p i n g t l1 e m t o u nd e r s t a n d , ' and t o b e c om e Til o r e a wa r e of t h e iiis e l v e s . " Pan e l discussions a n d q u e s t i o n s an d an s w e r s covered r-- man y topics such as ; d a tin g , l!lar i a g e , pe r s on a l i t y de v e l opme n t , c h a n ges in the church , G o d , e t c . A s ero i na r is p l a n n e d f or l a t e s pr i n g t o s o l i d ify t h e f e e l i n 3s a n d iuvr e s � i o n s t h a t t he girls r e � e i v e d on t h e re t r e a t . H i gh l i gh t s o f t he re treat w e r e a s p e c i a l mas s g i v e n f o r t h e �i r l s , t he en j oyme n t of a f i r e in t he f ireplace , md t h e H o o t e na n y l e d b y B a r b a r a F r qn c i s , on h e r g 1 i t a r . Ba r b a r a! . . t a u g h t herselr· t o p l a y t :1 e � l ' i t a r , an d has p l ay e d �t f o r t h e pas t f o u r ye a r s . The gi r l s had a1any f a v o rab l e c o LLlrae n ts about the retrea t. Hi l d r e d LP.la r , fi f t e e n ye a r o d , ' ! l i l ,_e d t h e t a lks ab o u t G od �1h i c 11 •·v e .r e le d b y F a t h e r Bo rque . " Laura Nicho ..... as , 13 y e a r s o l d like t h e ' s pe c ia l wassn . Pa1J N o rw o o d of I n d i an Is l a n d , e n j o y d s h op pi n g in t he ci t y. Carol D ana t h o ugh t t h ac t h e r e t r e a t wa s a " good e xpe r i e . c e . 1 1 V i r g i n ia F r a n c i s o f Pleasa n t P o i n t , c o r r e c t e d a n e w s p a p e r r e p o r t e r , whe n he pt in t e d s o m e t h i n g a b o u t 1 1 rn i n i - s k ir t s 1 1 • S h e s a id t h a t t h e y d i d n o t w e ar mini - s k i r t s , wh ich a r e v e r y , v e r y shor t . Ma ry l3 i s u l c a o f I n d inn I s l an a , wn o 0 e b f o c 1 e r i s a t W e s t P o i n t , w a s ' ' looking f o rward t o o t h e r act ivi t ie s o f t he t e e nage c lub . 1 1 'Lary is 17 , a n d in h e r s e n i or y e ar of h i gh s c h o o l . F a y Biscula , 14 y e a r s o l d b o u gh t several so uveuirs 0 f t he t r ip , an d had roade a n e w fr i e n d G e r a l d i n e D ana , a l s o 14 y e ar s . o l d � of P l e a s a n t .i ___ _ Point . the Lo la , 16 y e a r o l d , though t i t was " j u s t n ice" and e n j o y e d Sheila Ranco , a s o p hoL o r e , w a s g l a d f ar " t ., e t o us " . t o g e t h e r w i t h t he girls". S he rela ted t ha t t h e y t a l k e d un t i l B e rnade t t e " way c ha n c e to the y t � o - t hi r t y ge t in t a lk e d t h e m or n i n g . who h a s s i x b r o t h e r s , a n d o n e s i s t e r , a l s o d i d n o t ! �T a l ks ab o u t 1 ::-. t i I1 g , a n d t he commen t about the 1 • in i -dresses . way t h e d e c i s i o n s w e r e Jff t u p t o t hemselves , i n s t e a d o f r u l e s " were c on ­ s id e r ed a s �os t b e n e f i c i a l b y Mary A n n Mitchell. Ma r y , c ome s f r o � In d i a n Is lan d , is goin g t o John Ba p � � � · s High S c h o o i i n B a n g o r . She is in t he 1 1 th gra d e , and is p la n n i n g t o go t o b e a 1 1 t j c i a n 1 s school when s h e gr a d ua t e s . An (';� l j na S <' h 1 u c G o n of PlP s 8 n t P o i n t , " w o u l d l ike t o h a v e an o t h e r l ike E le a n o r S t e v e n s , the r e t r e a t n e x t ye a r ' ' • B rc a k fAs � wa s an o t h e r g o o� e x r e r i e n c e a c c ording to v h o said that t h e y h a d eggs , s a us a ge , c e r e a l a n d j u i c e . H o we v e r , B e v e r l y .� t e v e n s , her o l d e r s i s t e r , s a i d t hL.. t t h e y ma d e t h e b e d s , be fore b r e ak f a s t , a n d " f o o l e d ar o u n d " . A n n T o me r , a f i f t een y e a r o l d " l i k e d t he r e t r e a t , a s t h e p r i e s t s ta l k e d to us , and played carde wi th s o me o f u s . " G r a c e D a n a of P l e asan t S h e a l s o s a i d " t h e _y gav e P0in t gave s pecial , e n t i on t o t h e R o o t e nan y . e a c h o n e o f u s a chance to .t alk . 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" Pe t e r D a 1 1 a P o i n t . s a 1 1e t i •. 1e , a n d i t have Five been t he in t o I rt a p la y a re t reat hav e a c t ua l stitch , r o o::;1 , by been ..vas also . ove r f r ruJe , takling s ip_ ing as of thir t y ­ f or e f & t h e r s unr ivale d h o ok to or c o �p� r e fast idle might fr o� hang j ob c.. t he the do real skin and t ry i n g to well t h i nk to Nav a h o s , pa r t y : . m� c h the as me n the of even t , pri cking c o�ktails , pa r t y - · gi v e r s the s o c i� l prac t i c e , e n j o yr..� n t f am o us turning t w o - d �y quilt ing real pioneer 196 8 a p e op l e . lay F in g e r s : rnrk and every an there ·r o PO� D ER did . our e n j o yi n g ;. 1 h o m a c t iv i t i e s . I t w a s in A u gus t >? i t·s·· f i r s-t "f5'%' 0U! • . o C pJ' i�·s.t� ; pn r e t r e a t , h or s e s a · .l i v i n g '.) r o v i d e on f r o.1: 1 949 an d of at .11as fr om H YJ d his nuns ,c:.ny re tre a t" . 1 1a d e in related tli e since Have 1ith S om e of out us " . Point o ld , t he S he · c l ian c e re t r e a t c omb i n e out ; of t i ! le . in s i t t in g a r oun� in and a ll ,,1e t tbe t i1i1e t ha t s e t t le rs has f i r e p la c e nuns b r e ak i n g s t a n d in g a r o u n d t o learn a and e �rly uhi t e e n j oy w e n t on N �v a � o s hav e of par t Indians s "Ie gr o u p PO IJ ·.rs T . D . Al l e n few a that t h a t t h e r e t r e a t h_o u s er ·he d o t he r w i s e a l l t h e s e on r e t r e a t The for good ye ars a r e la t e d t akin g the P l e a s an t and re treat to t o ok " e n j oye d e xperie n c e H o o t e n an y , s hyly glad e v e ry t h i n g cb o u t b a c k h o me . V e r on i c a S app i e l , s o n gs y e ar she H i gh S c h o o l is " like d gr oup t ake in S he s i .a. t e e n rr. e B e v e r l y F r an c i s N i c h o la s Ju n i o r e·.:: a. d e . t e ll and a Al t ava t e r , � i gt h 23 . ) page b e f or e . Ni c h o l a s , to fun , Ni c h o la s , Pau l a Rita f r om on . th� N OT ICE M i s s C a r o l D an a the Mai n e In d i a n tbe re t re a t R e s e r v a t i on s . in If you If ab o u t there (E d i t o r s A u gus t a , live y o ur s e lv e s . NEWS LE'i'T. 'R . idea an d Mary P l e a s an t has is o f f e re d Ne ws l e t t e r a ray note : :1 h e r e I f r o m h o� e anyt h i n g op i n i o n , ple as e her s e rv i c e s c on c e rn i n g M i s s D an a me t . wr . ) ke e p and f r o� is you w i sh to write fee l fre e to do Indian to send P e n ob s c o t a s e nding are . Yar1iLa l &. M Q rl' � � ::-- B r c;i o k.1?1 s t i l l Poin t t he so . n e ws Indian Pe n o 0 s c o t the le t t ers ab o ut , Th IS or IS in I s J.m d I n d i an an d telling e xp r e s s to e n j o ye d us your Y O U R l !.A INE b us i 1y wr i t i n g n e ws T ow n s h i p . i t e ms · i t ems I N D I AN · r r om �MAHi i I · IAN NEW SLFI.'TER EFFECTIVE JANUARY @: . . ....... \:·1 (' $..:>" Pine S tree · - - · NEW S TJB S C�I PTION POLICY 1 , 1968 td �l :-:. l' ·:k ' ' i B e g inning in January , the f o l lowing sub s c r i p t ion r a t e s w i l l be charged for a 1 2-month sub s cr ip t ion to t he MAINE IND IAN NEWSLETTE R Ind ian Non- Ind ian '' " Ol: <.' � � (Regular ) (Contr ibu ting ) ( Suppor t in g ) ( Li f e t ime ) Lrf <;' '-'y1 i�r.) /, j1 , . (../·// '· · ; / ' , /' ''; r " ' 1 .• \ I \ ' I \\ , ' '.:} /: · /.;'• �·:·' i:·:f j J . ·, .I- i .f � ( .;.:.:i . - FREE - $ 2 . 00/year - $ 5 . 00/year -$ 10 . 00/year - $ 5 0 . 00 . ·- If you are l ive , f i l l ou t s cr i p t ion s l ip your Tribe and I f you are a NON- I ND IAN , wherever you l ive , f i l l out and s end in the sub ­ The addr e s s labe l s ind i c a t e the s ta tu s " I -F " mean s o f your sub s cr ipt ion . The abbrevi a t ion of a " Indi an-Free . " mon th (JAN) i s the t ime - next year - is s ue a f t e r y o u r s ub s cr ip t ion i s r e c e ive d . due . s cr i p t ion s l ip ( b e low) W I TH t h e appro­ pr i a t e amoun t . Your sub s cr ip t ion wi l l b e g in with the nex t avai l ab l e I wou l d l ike �- - - - - - - your sub s cr ipt ion fee wi l l again be � ge t � ind iv idu a l � !!Q! expira t ion no t ice , be �! to r e c e ive regu l ar mon thly i s sue s of t he Maine Ind i an News l e t ter : DATE.�----- ._ NON- IND IAN_ ADDRESS ---� � � � � � � � � � --, :-- ( S tr e e t , Sub s c r ip t ion r a t e s : S ta t e Z I P Code ) Ind ian -0- ; AMOUNT ENCLOSED : (Regu lar ) , Non- Indian - $ 2 $ 10 I ND IAN_ TRIBE�--���---- or Po s t Of f ic e Box ) (Ci t y ( Suppor t ing ) , Send this s l ip , with your sub s cr i p t ion charge , _ _ _ _ $_ $5 MAINE INDIAN NEWSLE TTER ( C on tribu t ing ) , $ 5 0 (Life t ime ) if app l i c ab le , Pine S tre e t , Freepor t ·' Maine --- !£ - - - - - - - - - - � - - -- -� � - - - - - - � - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �- - - � - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - to : 040 3 2 � - ----- - -... - - - - - -� - --- - - � - - - - -- - - - � - � - � - - - - - - - - - - - --- - � �� � - - - --- - � - - - - - - - -- Don ' t forge t your Z I P Code ! �MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER BULK RATE U .S. POSTAGE 3 . 6¢ PAID Freep,.,rt , Maine Permit No . 33 Pine Str eet Freepe rt, Maine 04032 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED c: o 1 o y C o l l e ge L ib r ar y C o lby C o l lege Wa t er v i l l e , JAN Ma ine 0490 1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Feb. 1968) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-463 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/88b1ce575c1076c8a4ab1b15b02f3da1.pdf 5a465b160871494ed8e181c492eea1de PDF Text Text IAN MAINE�IN N OLUME E � 3, NUhBER S 14 E T T E R FEBRUARY , 1969 INDIAN EDUCHTION TAKES BACK SE.;.T The Advisory Board of the Division r,f Par ,J bacred nd, consisting �f of triba l members, In d i�n Services of parish i.riests, this statement at their meeting ef February 24 at Penobscot Reservation. the Diocese unanimous.J.y Indian Island, resent: Those Beatrice Phillips, Bunny Raner, Sam Sapiel, John Nelson as PenobsGot: member s; .1.lick Sapeil, Donald Da i gle, f;ugenia Tho1,1·�son as guests• Joe icholas, Francis Sapeil,Al�ert Dana, John Stevens, Passamaquoddy: Wayne Newell, OtL�"Y' memb ers : Cobb of Rev. St. C Br·h�vick, Pierre. mmi l".Ri 011er Erl.ward H in c kl ey , Univ .-Uni\•. Church, Rev. Other gae sts: Greg Buesing and Bruce o f �du�a�ioL. Dept. Louis Doyle; O'Toole, Iceberg, Re\•. and VI,TAs, Rev iV1aurice Nicknair, and James Brown, STATEMENT TO INDIAN EDUCATION COM1 .ITTJ.::E MEETING AT C LAIS, 1"1AINE, FEBRlL-u<Y 26, 1969 Ladies and Gentlemen: I regret that ot he r , 1 rig-standing cemmittments pr e v en t ray a ppear i n g before you in person this evening. In spite of my abseuce, 1l1·w�ver, I wish your attenti n a series of events which, to call t J L nlie v e , censtjt11tes a serious threat to ')Ur cemnon objectives of im1a·..,v�·l f'lri11�at.ion Sub s e que nt t. re.ferend for Pflf;,samaquoddy Indian children. the passage of a bond issue by state-wide the D e partment 1f Educ ation publicly promised to construct on each PaAsamaquoddy Reservation a new school building ce rrn j st.j rJ g of two clast=:r o The department e ms and a n a11 - p111·pose room. has now i�formed interested p a rties that only one classroo J and an a]J -p r 1,03� :r:c-,'Jnl wJ 11 be Cl)]is 1-r ic ted on each Rese1·va tion at this time. The raaoou s t a t ed for this alteration in plans is a rise in constructien cests .un Ja:; t; Jirne, from �15 per s<111Rre avaiJ�able f•u.1.tis f o.Jt to $22 d 1.1 b11y less scheol. per square feot; thus the Wlen I was inf ormed of this situation approxi��tely two weeks ago by an cffjn1a1 of the Department of Education, I was simultaneously assured that �}1� De��rt-ment had rAques ted funds for additional class­ reoms frcm the .Jnl��.h I.erJslat,11re, that such funds were virtually and that such funds would be immediAtely avajlahle so that the addit.:i.01i;3.J �1 non •• , ms could be promptly added to the basic· b u ild ing s . S11bseque111-,1y, I djn.-\'•"''"'1:nd tlat this st-.o.h:•.nent WCJR toh:illy certain false. to be granted, r �.r.t:i_l•'l ,1 , .n pnge 2) �- 2 - U�IH�.N EDUC � T.:1. � T JIBS BACK SEAT, Continued f�om page 1 The request to �ne Legis�ature is for a bond issue, which be subject to appr0val by a referendum no sooner than October, Further,�ore, this issue w uld lump school facilities with such as recreational facilities, office buildings, and sewerage and fa cilities, f r a total of $665,0 C. would 1969. items water It takes little political insight to re lize that the voters of MaiLe are unlikely te apJrove a bond issue fer recreation and office space within a few months f the adjournment of the costliest Legis­ lative session in the State's hist0ry. The c]Asntoems will share the fate of their bond-mates; the ddldren of the P.3FiRe1marp10ddy Tribe i'ill crrntinue - for additional years t endure over-crowded, ns ui tary, and educa tionall. nef Pc ti np; school b iiJ dj rigs • It is, I feel, worth n ting that Indian children uill be the only losers. The white architects will not suffer a lower c ra.mission for the sm::iller buiJc1iHgs; the white c ntractors will not receive lower profJ+R; the white D e partment cfficials will not receive lewer salaries. Only the iu h=:.1·ests of Indians seem te be expendable. · I w o u ld p se a question t you. Why d es the Department of Education - which can fight for higher per pupil subsidies for other schcols, which can buile fine schools for white children in the urrc rga1d 7.ed territories - not exhibit siuri lar vigor in fig� ting for adequate sch ols for Indians N01i, not at some ne ul0us future time? Again, it see�s, Indians must reside at the bottom of the white burP-acracy' s totem p0le pf/ priorities. I res1Jectfully request that you, �s a com .ittee, 1ublicly urge the Department of ''duc.:..!.tion to sponsor an ammend ent t0 its general fund appropriations bill, said au.mendment to provide funds for the ...:.. j mmediate c01Js+ r11 t:ion C'f adequate school facilities on the Passamaquoddy Hc:=H"1·vciti0 F>. s11ho1·djnate the needs of ToJPration of efforts to IrJdi AUS to those on 11r1lL- Tllfli ::i.ns has too long been the response of toe many peoplP- in Mr.iiu.e. Ple::ise -- r.h;-ingP. t-his pattern - act - NOi/I. -Louis Doyle, C�ordinator, Division of Indian Services Portland Diocese x x x PL '.J.r'..SANT PyffT TEEN PLi\.Y HOST 1ro STUDENTS NOR'i1h YARi•10UTR C LUB FROM AC ADA1'1Y by Wayne A. Newell This past weekend, Feb r uary 8-9, the teens from Zibyig played Host to a group of Seniors from tforth Yarmouth Acade.my. On Saturday a group of tee1... s f.1e.r-formed some of the tribes Ind i-3n dances. Among the d a n c e rs were Stephen Nictolas, Leon S0nk�hanin, Grace Dana, Angie Sockabasln, Linda Frar�:is, Tieuorah Francis, and Betty Fr a 1Jcis . At 8:08 P.M. en Saturday night the whoJ� p:l.'l')'lP got together for a dance until (Continued on page 10) twelve midnight. �- 3 E TRE NAINE EDITOR: D I T. R 0 A I L S IND IAN NE�/SLETTER (Mrs.) Eugenia T. Thompson (Penobscet) News and stories may be subfuitted t the Newsletter for at the following address; Maine 42 �ublication Indian Newsletter Liberty Street Gar ainer , Maine COivii'tENTS hl; D 04345 Tel. 582-5435 OBS ERV T I ON S by the Editor Recently a Legislative hearing was held at which Coi.i1u1issioner H inckley was questioned r e gar di ng a deg ordinance which the Passa­ maqueddy want put into law. (This law is similar to the ?ne the Penobacot's already have.) The hearing was long fo r something so simple, Overheard was a reporter's c tt mtJ.ent, 11If it takes them this long to discuss a deg or d ina n � e , what d0 t he y do when they have sorae thi.ue; 11.y imper ant ?11 r8 cruel to shoot a dog which was t hat the dogs Hinckley was asked if it wasn't too not properly licensed; it was suggested might be taken t:) a dog p und. 'llo . . t)lis Hinckley replied .ms over 100 that Elsworth was the near�st place to take them and it mi les away from c: the reservations. • mean you don't have any means to Hinckley was then asked, you care for these dogs on the reserv�tion? Tiin�kley e xplai ned then that we don't even have the means to t&ke care of people on the reservations, let alone dogs. T ere is·.ne' human so luti on to this d "Jg problem. S h oo t ing a child's unlicensed dog seens cruel and it would seem p roper that at least one warning be giien the owner and a reasonable ti�e to have the licensed before carrying out this maxiwum p en a l t y . It must be remembered that enly the people living dog on the re se rvations know if the number of d gs running around is sufficient to constitute a general nu i sance , and their wishes on this ruatter should be respected. Befere this bill was submitted to the legislature, the ether Indian b i lls subwitted to tLe just like all of 1egislature, it was discussed by the tribal Governors and Councils &nd agreed upon. These Go vernors and council members are elected fficials of their r espec t ive tribal reservations. Co11ucil meetings are usually open me � tings and any member �f the tribe who Nishes may come and ask questions and make statementa, sc when alJ �s said and dene, it is thn India n people themselves wh tahu. know that a problem exists and know how best to de�l with it. nee d ed by the D One i:llore word about the $50,00� lnni8n Affairs: Il�lp! A commjttee of j1�1uiry was set up by the legislature to the p r o b leas of the young department, �hich to do the this kind, but death as it is. in Augusta. partment of $200 job. thP-n th e and was ap1)r :i;ric:.ted is not much money to de a thordugh Nhen they get ue done tirg enough money t job a 2) job 0f but that in the end the legislature just twQ cb�ises facing them: e l s e, n with through I expect they wil l find that so&e en welfare w ill realize that they have er iook into J11ni AlJS have been studied and committeed t Moat .tf t.t: e j t r11j r jug seems to be tc:king place right tighten in g up can mum $2 do the make it clear that . the y do job and· then tell the de p:::irr.m ent t fifty dallar bill , 1) Ap pr � pria ­ they have charged the depa r tmen t with, then sit ba�k ann not want or intend t0 do a mini­ do a one hundt·ed doJ J.c:tr job h::ive Anot-her requ est next with �-4Penobscot H using Authority Notes On Monday February 17, 1969 The Penobscot Housi�g Authority held a special meeting with Gnv. John Mitchell, the Penobscot governor, and the Lt. Governot, Donald Daigle, and several other members of the tribe in ortier to hear la.rry Loug, from Soil Conservation Service tell abouta visit he made to an authenUc ancient Cherokee Indian village in Oklahoma. 1'1r. Long, introduced by Sherman Hasbrouk, of the University of Maine Ext � nti o n Service. Long described the projec+., showed slides of the villagP. and explai ed how the Cherokees built and paid for the village. The idea sounds feasible enough for the Penobscot tribe to look into it. The OY.lahoma Che rokee s created a non-profit corp ration and received of about from E.D.A. (Econ mic Development Admi..�i_qtrati.on) to go alo1g with the $20,000 put up by the tribe and the �20,0 0 pµt up by t, e state of OY.1 A.homa. Many jobs have been prnvid d to tribal members· Of course, they have on advantage over us and that is -q longer bu.ldjng seasor. in which to work. But, this alone should be no deterrent · Eefvre a projP.ct of this nature is undertaken a 1 t f grom1dwork must be laid. fl.P.search must e done, and a feasibility study must be made just as it was in Ok1aliorna bef re the prc.ject was undertaken. The later is a a $600.000 grant rer111i rPment o f EDA befo re they make a grant of this size for such a project· FoJ l ()�1� g t is alk and discussion the Co-o p erative Agreement was signed give n to S 'IfmO !'rn j oner HincY-.ley to take o Augusta to continue working on it· The SecretaT.-J w.::1s not present and it wasn t until the following Monday that t arn· he was able to f:LnaJ1y sign the accompanying papers required by HUD. In Augusta all that is required before the papers are r turned to HUD, is fo r t e Attorr.ey General Department to agree that the Governor is the proper person tc sign the Ag1·fieIU.ent, and then · .. :, 011tce the Governor has signed it it will be sent to HUD. Upon receipt of this document HUD will send the H using Authority the moneur to begj n our survey and plan ing of the new homes. Reports on the l'e11 hsr. t Ho isj ng Authority meetings will e included in � t.he .. J\Jewsletter ·Material submitted by Matthew Mitchell, t H u:=dng .'1t<t.hority Cbairman, I'enoJ:-.s x x x TO GRADUATE MARY ALBERTA NICHOLAS, daughter of .Toe Nicholas, Pleasant Point, w�ll graduate on February 28 from the Nor the r n Mai ue \Tccat.ional Tn8titute and Gould Mf1mod al Hos}Jj t.al as a Practical Nurse. x x x $50,000 RE�UESTED At a hP.aring held on Tue sd ay Feb. 11, 1969, before the Appropriations Gornroittee r,omrnissioner F.ciward C. Hinckley of the Department of Indian Affairs requested. $50 000 to r. Ht-.i 11 ing runui.ng the Department during the , final quarter of Flsr.al 1970. The rer111�st was for Eme1 gency funds , not requiring th e delay following reg11lar legislative adjournment, as would be rP.quired otherwise. Hin r.Y.ley told the Cormnittee: ''Believe me, gentlemen, the services we provide, exp ensiv e as they • • • a re, are far less than the services we should be providing • • • jist from the standpoint of helping these people stay alive until through the pro0ess of education, economic devE'!J. pment and • . .lAarle:rsrrip dev�J oprnent their total situation can be improved. One Indian spoY.esman, Mrs. Helen Goslin, a Penobscot I ndian from the 'reserva­ tion in OJd�own pointed out: 11From here to Augnsl-..'\ +Ji.ere are alot of long pockets. It's up to you,"sl1e tolrj ·�.be r·<,mrnit.t.ee,, "to fjn<i_ t.hose long pockets and tighte n u a bit.11 �LETrERS TO THE EDITOR (Editor's note: the following letter was sent to the Governor of the State of Maire by the editor, the Governor's reply follows.) (5) three hundred years in regards to the Penobscots and Passa(,aquoddys. I woved from the Reservation about four­ teen years ago, but I am no lass a Pen­ Governor kenneth V. Cu rti s obscot, and I want to see.the interest Executive Department continue for my hrothefs the Penobscots I feel that this State house, and PassaBaquoddys. Augusta, Maine 04330 interest has been generated since the Department of Indian Affairs was forJed Re: Commissioner Edward C. Hinckley, and Commissioner hinc'.·,_ley was hired. Department of Indian Affairs Back in November, 1966 the I111aine Indian Newsletter felt that you showed an aware­ Dear Governor Curtis, ness of our people and their needs, when you called for 11i;nproved education, At a recent news conference you were housing,and econo1,1ic conditions for t'he We feel that we are asked about a petition that was signed Maine Indians." by about 100 Indians in support of beginning to hope that these conditions Commissioner Rinckley and their pro­ are starting to� i�proved, and we hope grarus. that politics will not interfere with You explained that about 100 Indians out of 1200 population had these needs. Very truly yours signed the petition. Your expltnation is false because nearly every adult "Bugenia T. Thodpson, Editr Penobscot Indian living on the Old �aine Indian Newsletter To n, Indian Island Reservation_1 sig ned the petition. Nearly every adult Pen­ Dear Mrs. Thompson: obscot? Nearly the whole tribe! Thank you for a chance to ex�ress my views in tha �aine Indian Newsletter. The Penobscots are very proud to be Penobscot Indians. Like-wise the Pass- I think it is unfortunate th�t the cur­ AmRquoddys are very proud to be Passrent controversy over financial details ama'}noddy Indians. It was the Penob- has obscured the very real good that has been done by the Departfilent of Indi a 1 scot Indjans who drew up the petition Affairs, other State agencies and the and signed it to show you that we a p proved of Commissioner Hinckley. The Legislature in atte• 1pting to aL1eliorate total number of Indians, men, 10men a situatibn that has be n neglect d for and children living on the three Reye�rs. serva ions in Maine is 1,200. Children do not usually sign such petitions.I think it is clGar that the State is Ob•.rio·.16ly, your motive in belittling now sincerely dedicated to he iL1prove­ the si e;rd ficance of our petition is ment of conditions for our Indian pop­ At least, this is the inulations. Howopen to rp1estion and criticism. ever, we will forgive you. Ne want tention of Qy administration and always to thank yoµ for stanning behind the will continue to be, as long as I am pr o g rams ano llOnclcrl r.>' l"I j C<"'A n�n<l.e re d in office• to us. An investigation of my proposed budget I am one more Penobscot Indian in fn1 l for the next two ye2rs will show that support of Commissioner hinckley. I have proposed an increase of approx­ You surely could not find any other imately $165,000 for Indian Affairs, man as d:-,dicated, as enP-re;etic, as inc l uding funds for the establishwent impatient �Ii C5>0r..issioner .fljnr:l-:ley. of tribal housing authorities on the Yes, impatient three reservations. Total funding for impatient with peo­ ple who are willing to let thi n gs �nn­ the Departwent of Indian Affairs is In additiol'l), 721,618 for the bienni um. tinue to ride as they had for over (Continned on page 6, colW11n 1) (Continued in column 2) • • • �( 6) (Letters continued from page 5) Dear Mrs. Thompson, in th DepartiJent of Education budget for school�ng for Indian children, I I receive my copy of the Maine Indian have as�ed for an incr ase of $255,850,Newsletter each montli and spend the raising the total appropriation to evening reading it. $566,344. . • • The increases I have asked for to�al approxi�ately 1420,850, out of about 1.2 million, more that a 33% gain over the past two years. If more mon­ ey can be justified in public hearings and the Legislature is willing to ap­ propriate mor�, I would, of course, be happy to go along with their recom' mendations. I r ceived the Jan. issue today and on the first page you said you would like to hear from some of us. . '/e live on a fartu in danchester (Iiaine) which we bought last spring. Je have four children, three of them are in I work as school, one is at hou;_e. a nursing assistant at the Tagus Vet­ erans Hospital. I spent five years in the Navy (Seabees). I would also wention 'the bond issue of $655,000 that I recomtlended for im­ We enjoy your pa er very much. proveme nts on the reservations. James Neptune (I'enobscot) Last year, as you know, for the first time R#l Collings Rd. Halloi ell, taine in the histor y of the State, a bond issue was passed providing facilities ++ for the Indian reservations. Dear Editc.r, Finally, as a measure that relates to Indian affairs, I have asked for some This is j ust a short letter to inform $60,000 to create a Human Rights Com­ uch 1 have enjoyed re�ding you how mission with investigatory powers to your Maine I ndia. Newsletter since attack any and all probJews of dis­ I have been stationed here in Viet Nam. crlminn�j on jn the State. Although I do not subscribe to/it I have had the op.i.ortunity to read it I hope that the Legislature can be &ince the regular subscriber �M2 C.D. There aren't persuaded to pAsR my program and I Gibson is not longer h re. will need all of your help in convinc­ too many of us frol.! tlaine over here ing them. but the two boys that I do know from Maine hav� also read your paper after At the same time, I am well aware that money, alone, c·nnot solve all pro­ l lAms of djfH�rjrnination, neglect and : injustice. An attitude must be pre­ sent on the part of �tate officials, as well as all Maine people, for us to deal fairly with each other, to understand each other, and to help each other. I cornpleted it. My rotation date is in two we ks so I would 5uess that I have read your But L did paper for the last tiLle. want to pass on to yo·u that l .M2 Gibson is no longer here and that you could discontinue his subsc�iption-to the base if you so disired. .. Just a side note. I� grandparents I pledge my efforts in my cRpacity as Governor to do the best th:::i.t i · 1,ns- live in Bath and have a c .-p along the coast by Freeport so I know .Jour sibly can to achieve a better life I live in Hampden for our Jn<liRn citjzens. area quit� well. ,Sjn(';c:-t·oJy you.rs, Iiighlands whi.ch is next door to Bangor. Kenneth M. r;11rtil'3 Governor May 1 wish you continued success wit h y1m1· Nr--.;u�lntt-er in the futuiee. February· 6, 1969 . . ** Sinc<n·ely Brian Higgins •HM3 MA6-12 hed. 1111 �(Letters continued from page 6) Dear Editor, • • (7) • We are certainly willing to make our rather limited resources availab�e to any interested persons; and it is our I would like to add another person to ho�e that as ti1e goes on these resourc r your list of Indians who get the News­ will be iiliproved and will be used by I enjoy receiving it. There an increasing nuJber of people who wish letter. ate many int�rasting articles in it. to learn about the history and culture In your Dec. issue, my familys nawe of haine Indians. was in, as visiting Indian Island. ·1e do not live in Sonersville, N.J. �e We have recently initiated a project live in Sofilers ¥oint, which is a reto locate and catalog Maine Indian sort town, in South Jersey. And has artifacts held in museums and in priquite a historic background. vate collections throughout the United States and Canada. It is our hope that The person I nould like to reccomed is: this survey will bring to light some i11rs. Andrea Fulkerson She is a Penob-articles that we may eventually be able· to acquire for fhe State Musc11m. scot Indian from Indian Island. Thank you �·{e also expect that the photogl'aphs . Mrs. Sandra (Mitchell) of these artifo.cts, which we are now Broschard coiu.piling, will help us in designing our new exhibits on 1'··-Iaine Indian his­ tory and culture, and that they may .Dear Friends: provide a source af valuable informa­ tion to pr�sent-day Indian craftsmen As a regular reader of the Maine In­ who might be iilterested in creating dj an nensJe ter Counecticut residence authentic reproductions. This �reject, have been lookjng for a word about which beg�n as an outgrowth of con­ the: passing/ 8a r 11iedici'1.e Man (uf The versations la�t SUiili·ler with Governor John North Am ri�:"ln Tu<li:in C! l uh, Inc. , Stevens at Dana Point, Mr. r.•a.yne ITewr/-i 11; n..'l.ntic, Conn.). ell at Pleasant Ioint, �nd C6Mciissioner Hr. Joseph So­ coby wro resided here in Conn. but Edward Hinckley here in Augusta, has was a �ember of the Ple�sant already enabled us to compile a listPoint Reserve at �erry, M a ine . Perhaps ing of several hundred Maine Indian this has been overlooked but several the let h -:"nd 19th centuries. artifacts o Indians fro,1 ..aine knew of this and 1 his body Aa. Buried on t, e Reserv 'ld' ation Our new State Museum bui ing, to be in .. ajne. Bucloi:ed is further de f·.'!:\i l r-, ,...,.., .. pl c t-erl i ll .1970, will co tain several : '!'rust tb is 1l] J '"' Jn t-J "' J.l<'� t- Ni..;wGmajor exhibits dealing with lfaine In­ le tter. dians from prehistoric ti.wes_to the pre­ F S 111<=1 r y 1;--rmal Daughter sent day, as well as research collect­ Tho9nl"."i ng you ions of Maine Indian artifacts -- pro­ Chief Strong Horse vided, of course, that we can find such Pueblo & NarRg;;lnsett T ribe artifacts to collect and exhibit, and Ch:i e-f of the North Aruer:L.can provided that the Legislature will see Ju•H an C l ub, I nc. fit to finance our proposed exhibits of Wi l l imantic, Co �n. pro2,ram. (E�itor's note: 1•1r. JosP.ph J. Socohy died December 9, 1968 at thP nge nf Of course, it can be (and it has been) fifty-six.) ar�ued that a State Museum is an ex­ pensive luxury th&t the Stqte of Maine and particularly the economically-de­ Dear Mrs. Thompson: prived people of Maine cannot afford. Ne feel, however, that the people . I was very ple8P.cn to note your rethemselves have decided, both through fere nee, in the t.7am1a ry Newsletter, the vote of their representatives in to the Maine State 111irHrnm as a 00;\l ,..� the 102nd Legislat:nre and in the sub­ of information and c �llections re­ t1<..:'J11ent refPl.'Pnd11m hA 110t, that the lating to the Indians of our state. (Coll+il1ncil on Page 8) • • • · . . �(Lctters continued fron page 7) expense involved is a worthwhile in­ vestment to help insure the preser­ vation of their heritage. Our task now is to fulfill the wishes of the people and to transform a lifeless mass of steel and concrete into a vital institmtion that will proudly reflect the cultural heritage of every citizen and every community of the state. Sincerely, Ronald J. Kley Research Associate Maine State Museum Commission Augusta, Maine 04330 • • • (8) major in it for a degree. But the Nortt­ eastern Indians are only wentioned with­ in anthropology courses on broad subjects such as "The Culture of the I di _1 r' the North,"then all the ewphasis is on the tribes �.Jf the :vest. Finally, the leading Amerind authority at the �useum of Natural History in New York wrote .ae that I would have to fer­ ret out source material myself, in the anthropology libraries, and supplement source data with visits to the Museum of }atur�l History and the Indian Mus­ eum, both in New York, Peabody Museum at Yale, and the 1Juseum at Andover, t1ass. ## Now this, to me, is unbelievable. The first Indians the white people met up with, and who are interwoven in America's colonial history, are buried in the reThrough the suggestion of Howard La cords and histories of the New England H rreau of Ft. Wayne, Indiana, I am I wish I had discovered this writing to you. I am looking for In- towns. great gap in our anthropological halls dia pen pRls, or people interested in JU<J; Aus. l�Jy main pur!Jose in doing when I was young enough to do something �1,· 3 is to try to 1et more Indians about it. There is a Vast wealth of material in our literature and records wr1 iti� to each other, to bring us cl01.: er � ''!!,""t.her, to gain knowled,ge in the Northeast; enough to develop of other t:r:Jbes. So I am hoping you into a school of its own, much like has wj 11 place ,l1i R i.n your newsletter. happened in the Southwest. '.rhank you, It is true that ruuch of the modern an­ Paul Gibson thropological studies such as are being f/)ft: Maute Rd. done on the primitive tribes in South GrasR T,Pi l..-� Mj d1 j gan 492110 Aruerica,-the taking of blood tests, ruak­ ( Ol btwa Ir <ii ::1. ing sound tapes of the living language, t!8 recording of tribal memories, taking measurements of the physical aspects of r·ear E<li tor: individuals, etc. cannot be done on the vanished tribes of the Northeast. But A year ago now, in January and Feb. 1968, I se-.rched the whole United there are still Indians enough left in States (via :tv1ail) for a college Maine, New Yor-'h State and Ccinada for course on the Indians of the North­ some of this work. 1 s a moun tAnd the via e 1 i erature . ea�t. e cu ture I'd already had some studies ain of work to be done/ on in South and Central American anthro­ of both the vanished and the liuing tribe� pology, but I was most interested in Some tape recoLding and studies of In­ m11 own Hew F.ngland area. dian dances, etc. have already begun. Dear Editor, � To my surprise ana dismay I found that no courses on the InQians of the Northwest are given anywhere. Not even at the large anth:r:o ologic­ al schools iri the con11try. This in­ cludes Yale, .Harva.r-d, the si3hools of New York state, and those of the Southwest. I must have written f:i.f 1- J letters trying to locate even one course, let alone enough courses to R t I would like to see a Penobscot or Pass­ .amaquoddy Indian major in anth�opology in college, then lead the way to devel­ oping a strong university department sowe· where in the anthropological science and recorgs of the Wabanaki tribes, and those just/ tR e west and north. Just working out co�rses for it would make a good thesis pro.iect. (Con+.in11ed on page 9) �(Letters • • • continued from page (9) 8) Greetings Maybe you know of someone who is al­ history of the American colonies of to rec�ive the Indian; with • • from She is �wsletter. tribe Nation. ©Q besideR =�t:ci. nating pre-historical infor­ ma ion already being worked out on the tribes of this area. person or any major in the Dear Edi tor: Any white My friends Phyllis and Francis Nicola who live in San Francisco sent �e a copy of the Newsletter and I �as thrill­ Indian who wants to Indians of the North­ east should be able to do so. I'm a�l for the Afro-American stuaies be'ng introduced into soLJe Mayt� this is 1.,n. t>l:lt'Ps hy Indians 0v. is ,ent in the sout.ri .. f .MQ. ine . 2.j uc,,.rely Mary Mrs. Old (E�jt.or's note: � Town, of our We I just left there 12 years ago. seem remote ew England My mother's I am half-Penobscot Indian. My name is Marjorie Bassett Hammond. Ida Bassett Gould. grand .. ther was I am, Thanking you Mar jori e rrs. • were Island Indian little children when Sherwood • Ludecke (li.amil.lond) Monrovia, Iaine H California Dear Editor: would be inter­ hAaring from you if you l�rio·i of any pers on who is rei=:A;n· r-hir1e: 1-h� r1,rl- l�"1f;�r.i.-r1 lr11li"nn.) . ested The p eopl e of which they ed with it. speak about on coJJ�ges, but the Indians have a leg­ itimate priority in this articular matter. a nd assacheeta or· l"'JI' S. 6 e Cc"'.1·ter would like to put in na e of Margaret �ilkens • P.S. the history of the (Gray) Elizabeth ion. But just a year ago I couldn't find a trace of an y . such person. The this area is completely enmeshed v{ha �Tua Ta.st'.i Minnie Ha lia ready leading a trend in this direct­ eagerly read The Maine Indian News­ letter each month and enclose my sub­ I al­ scription fee for another year. I ?? in teresting things ways find out many ear Editor, wise would As my expiration on Ne.1sletter runs o ut in July, ould appreciate it con­ gleaned beforehand so I can continue to re­ ceiYe it. i/ish you w o uld print the foll ow ing too. mis I Indians that about the Maine • other­ I have scrapbooks the ing tinuin g right a]org, F.I. ( F � e e In­ dian) Thought I 10uld let you know dould Indians starting about able resource .materials concerning .Haine Indians and now that I am no longer a reside11t of Maine, I am rel ing on your publication to leep meposted. like Later this tt10nth ing of t1ereafrer who was my grandfather. His father's name was John Gray. Be fought in Civll �ar for the North but no record of his birth or any­ thing is available in white mar F; f·i 1 a�d I unders��nd we Jn�ions kept no re�ords. M y grawl f a t l e r Gt·oy m ar ­ a Bickford. Would also J.ike sisters in the write aine 1950 which I believe to be most valu­ to hear from anyone hav­ ing an lr..n0wl edge of Au,iounie Wa s h­ in�toL Gray b0in p0RR.bly around 1847 ried froJ;t Maine newspape.I,'B concern­ the to them. to hear from fellow t-.rJl><" ril"1 l·1· ··m·in . 1-,, a I am going to be se roin a r on our eastern gi r­ Indians begin iing wi t h the stone age, relation­ ships during the early discovery per­ iod (discovery by Europeans) and fin­ B ally the present day problems of the Tnnians. I think that this is the first s ch program custon-made around con­ cerni n g the Indians of New points east and northeast. received York and I have many enthusiastic comments abo�t the seminar already, so am an- ti ni pnti ng a great dea� n� �Rponse, ( (;nn t. i ttit , •l • •TL pr1 p;P 1 ' �· 10 ) ( Le �. t e rs c on t inue d f r ow }.lagt: •J ) T h e Wab an aki t rib e s w i ll re c e iv e re ­ c o gn i t i on f or b e in g a gre a t p ople and cu l t ure . I am le aning h e av i ly on y o ur N e w s l e t t e r t o s h ow t h e pre ­ � e n t day p e ople a s r e al pe ople w h o J.ive , t h ink , and h av e a l l the prob ­ le ms of o t h e r c on t e mp orary e v e ry day pe 0ple . H op e f u l l y w e c an b e gin t o b r e ak d own s orae o f t h a t b ar rie r t hat d e s igna t e s one gr oup of pe ople as In�ian s andan o t h e r as n on indians . 'l' l1 e usual t e x tb o oks go int o gre a t J. e n g t h ab o u t t he we s t e rn Indian c ul­ t �r e s but mos t sum up t h e e as t :. r Ind i an c u l t ur e s , o th e r t h an Iro­ : � o is , in a t m o s t ab o u t 2 -3 page s . S orue c ov e r t h e m in a half page . My s e mi na r w i l l b e c omp o s e d of 8 2 - hour � e s n i on s ov e r a pe r i o d o f 8 we eks ' a t Je f f e rs on C ommuni t y C o ll e ge in v a t e rt own , N . Y . • • • � i : h all b e s t w i s h e s f or t h e c on t in ­ u s d s u c c e s s o f T h e Maine I ndian News ­ ] t t e r and f or much g o o d news t o pr i n t ab o u t Maine ' s Ind ians . S i n c e.r e ly y o urs , Nic h o las N . Smi th Pla t t sb urgh , N . Y . l ! D e ar E d i t or : T h e B i ll ( s e e page 13 ; d i d n o t r e ­ c e iv e appr oval f r om � h e C omm i t t e e on At the pub l i c S t a t e Admin i s t r a t i o n . h e � r i n g i t w a s s t r ongly supp or t Al­ e d b y t he Mar ine C o r p Le ague . t h o ugh no par t i c u lar oppo s i t ion was e xpr e s se d , t h e House a c c e p t e d the An o t h e r at t e mp t of adv e rs e r e p or t . t h i s t ype will p r o b ab ly b e made again ne:.:::: t y e a r . S i n c e r e ly , R e p . John F . D o lan S e c on d E s s e x D i s t r i c t I p s w i c h , Mas s a c h us e t t s was o ! 8 t c., b li h . r �.' '."! d s c.. t � ! z... JI. c a de y 11 i t h t h e h o:·. 1t: : !1'" i: e11 n t .ia lly RO e of o ur b oys ,.:i.. .:_, h t o. t t -:! nd . 1m o ·i. h? r pur r o s e �� s t o c h �nn e l l t h e e f f or t � o l t h e qor t h Y�r m o u t h 8 t ud e u ts t o b e 1 � f i t o u t t e e ns in wh� t e v e r w � y p oss i o le . S o t' !e o f t n e t ldn gs c c o l� lishe d this v i s i t r n r e a n e x c h "' n ge o f i d e a s f r od t h e t r n gr o u}_Js . 1 r i t ing e x c hange },•r o eram s o e v e r yone c �n h�v e i e n �a l s � � t he s c h o o l . Th e t, r o u f r ow l·or tb Ya rmou t h a gre v d t hat t he y .;.r o uld c h e c k t n e p o s s i b i l i t y o f s e nd ing the ir R o e � group t o p lay at t h e �� y 3a ll . The North Yarmo u t h s t ud e n t s were B ob R o s s \ D e an G o ods e l l , Bi l l lh o��s , J ohn C o lli�e Bob Mcc lay dnd Ke v in C as e y . T h e ir fac ulty advis ors .1e re ui c ha e l and S ue C o rb e t t . In writ ing this > r t i c le I c ouldn ' finish oy n o t e n t i oning h o ,1 proud I aiil of t e way our young lll � n an d .Yowe n c onduc t e d t h e ws e lv e s . Th e Z i b yig T c , 5 are t r u ly a c r e d i t t o our r e s e rva t i on , .. c. _ J •. x x x ED ITOR ' S SPOUSE ADJvi.ITT1i_;D TO ut il'i ·, B ,'..N Kenne th C . Th or.1r.s on , D e pu t y C ommis s i on e r o f Indian Af f 2 ir s (ria.in e ) was admi t t e d to �ruc t i c e b e f ore the aine B ar on Thurs day , Fe b ruary 13t h . Th omps on , a Gardiner r e s ide n t , wa� b orn in S aras o ta , Fla . an d gre w up in Fr e e p or t , ba ine . liis ·Jare n t s are i'·J.rs Ad e laide , an d t he lci t e Ri c hatd H . Th omps on , o f Fr e e p ort . Th oups on is a gradu�t e of Fr e e p ort H i gh S c h o o l , C o lb y C o ll e ge and the Univ e rs i ty o f Ma ine S c h o o l of Law . He is mar r i e d to the f or file r Euge nia Th o . ,•as , a Pe n ob s c o t Ind i an �.nd Ed i t or of t he T h e y have Maine In dian � e ws le t t e r . two c h ildre n , Kimb e r ly and �i lliam �uin c y , and are e xpe c t in g a t h ird in xx ,Apr i l . JJh e n aske d b ou t his fut ur e Pleasant Point Te e n C lu b plans , ·r h ow:i)s on s a id : "Ny pre ..:.. e n t j o··. C on t in u e d f r om p a g e 2 ) e ntails w otkin g , wi t h t h e t h r e e Ind ia� ( H ousing A�t h o ri t i e s . I e n j oy w orking On S unday our gue s t s a t t e n d e d t he w i t h them and it w ould be v e ry dif fi = � t ere In t h e a f t e rn o on t h S unday Mas s . t o leave . H ow e v e r , I have r e c e iv e d �n w a s a s e s s i on o f p ing-p ong a n d a o f f e r wh i c h I aw c ons i d e r in g whi c h b as ke t b all g _me at S puds yard in t he w ou ld e nab le m e t o e n t e r pr ivate Ev e ry one daid mi d d le o f t he s t orm . I ha v e n o t made any d e c is j � pra c t i c e . b o o d -b y e a t ab out f our on S u nday ye t . B u t in an:,- cc: se I .fOu ld n o t plt' a f t e rn o o n . t o leave f o r at l e c:. s t an o t he r year . " h T h e purp o s e f or t h i s ge t t o g e t e r (Ed . n o t e : C o ngrntula t i o n s , h on ! ) �(11) HAr .� IND IANS HAlIED :_.y : A TE S PP..E S IDENT At a January Dr . mi s s ion , 2 2nd d inner me e t ing o f H. Thomas P-eyno l d s , the Andro s cogg in Va l l ey heg ional Com­ pre s id e n t of : at e s Co l l ege , remarks t h e fo l lowing connne n t s about Maine Auburn Sun o f the tnd ians , 2 3rd : 1 1D igr e s s i ng for a momen t , Dr . Reyno lds i an s , included in h i s a s repor ted b y the Lewi s t on ­ an ex i s t ing cu l ture wi t h in the s pol�e of the p l ight of Haine ' s Ind ­ I t wou l d n o t � e expen­ sma l l numb e r o f Ind i an s t ha t wou ld s t a t e ' s cul ture . s ive for Maine to provide a program for its · :nour i sh a fore ign cul tu'i'."e wi thin ur s t a t e . ; There i s n ' t r e a l ly much tha t i s Ind i an in Maine ' s for the I nd i an name s . c an s mu s t l e arn to this sma l l al ien cu l ture , S. he s a id , Dr . Reyno ld s ex c e p t and Amer i ­ l ive w i th o t her cu l ture s and no t j u s t d e s troy them . Na ine canno t appropr i a t e a few thou s and do l l ar s U. cul tur e , Uie R e d Man i s a n exampl e o f ano ther cu l ture , If to d o s ome thing drama t i c for s a id he doe s no t then b e l ieve that the l e arn to get a l ong w i th o ther cul tur e s which have d i fferent va l ue s can ever Any p l ann ing mus t inc lud e cons i d e r a t ion o f d i f fPren t cu l t ure s , t han our o\vn . he ad ded . 1 1 HICI{EL HAI·ID S PARTLY TIED tla l t e r J . Hi cke l , r e c e n t l y - conf irme d S e c r e t ary of Int e r ior und er the Pre s ide n t Nixo n , n i l l oper a te the In ter ior l) e par tment with Congre s s looking over his shou l d e r ". the kind of it won ' t ex a c t ly be Pre s id e n t Nixon has t e en t a lkin g ab ou t . con f irma t ion , Hi c ' e l has commi t t e d hims e l f to che ck The re l a t ionship w i l l b e c l o s e but 1 1 (-:>ge thern e s s · ; In order to win h i s every ma j or d e c i s ion in advance w i th the S en a t e In ter ior Commi t t ee . he promi s ed a l low the to r e t a i the ex i s t ing l and 9 l s t Congr e s s t io n h e ar ing , many fre e z e in A l a s ka for to a d j ud i c a t e na t ive l and c l a ims . f e ar e d Hicke l wou ld wipe out the order b 1 t 5 on , which had b e e n ini t i a t e d b y h i s prede ce s s or , e ad er s o f � D r ew Pear s o n ' s D e cemb er w i l l be che e r e d to i 2 7 th two year s B e fore h i s In add i t ion , to con f irma­ free z ing land d i s tr i ­ S t ewar t Ud al l . ·Tash ing t on Merry-Go -Round 1 ; c o l umn l e arn that Hi cke l canno t a c t uni la t era l ly in thi s mat ter . The c o lumn de.e cr ioed how Hi c!<.e l , as Governor of A l a ska , a l l eg e d l y cracke d - d own on an E skimo f i shing coopera t ive at Ku skokuin , ·where he u s e d s t a t e p o l ic e and s ta t e o f f i c i a l s free z er s h i p . A c c or d ing to p-reve n t Pear son , to had b een ne t ting around a t ive w i th the co-op the he l p o f $ 500 the sa lmon c a t c h to a Japane s e s tory be gan in 1 9 6 7 , when A l a skan E s k imo s , who a year from the ir s a l mon catch , Of f ic e of E conomic Oppor tun i ty , Commun i t y Ac tion Agency and F ir s t the from s e l l ing i t s the Ala ska Legal organ i z e d a cooper ­ the A l a s ka S ta te Servi ce s , whi ch works for OEO . they bu i l t a smal l c o l d s t orage p l an t a t B e the l , whe re the ir f i s h could b e s to r e d to b e marke ted a t higher pr i ce s l a t e r in s t ead o f s e l l ing innne d i ­ a t e ly . Th e co ld So s torage p l an t my s t e r iou s ly bu;:-ned down . t h i s y e ar , the E skimo s s igne d a j o i n t con t r a c t with a Japane s e f irm for pur cha s e o f t he e n t ir e c a t ch of t he ��u s ko'mim E skimo s at a p r i c e which was doub l e tha t pr ev i.n s l y paid the E s kimo s b y S e a t t l e midd lemen . nut when the Japa ne s e H icl�e l r e a c ted a s nor ing the f a c t t Toky o , sell the i f h e uere sh i.p arr ived to p i c1• up the c a t c h , faced 1 i t h ano ther Pear l Harbor . Pear s on s ay s Comp l e t e l y ig­ tha t h i s own Anchorage rJatural G a s Company s e l l s he s e emed to think i t was again s t f i s h to Japan . l i quid gas the l aw for E skimo fi shermen t o �y a v ar i e ty o f mean s , n o n e o f them too c l ear , he b rough t Japan e s e r e pr e s en t a t iv e s around to h i s informed t ha t no f i s h would b e �ough t . 1ay of t hinking , and the E skimo s were As a f in a l irony , Pear son no t e s tha t Hi cke l wi l l be r e s pons ib le ( a s Secre ­ the In t e r ior ) f nr admin i s t er ing $ 1 , 700 , 000 vo t e d l a s t weel� by Congr e s s t ary of t o a id A l a skan n a t ive f i s hermen , inc lud ing $ 68 3 , 000 for 'we l fare a s s i s tan ce A l a skan nat iv e s a f f e c t e d b y a t r ag i c drop in the ca t ch o f f i s h i : l a s t summer . to �(12) CHEROIIBE CRAF T llii1 8 Phe nomenal i s t h e word wh i ch b e s t d e s cr i� e s the growth o f Oua l la Ar t s and Cra f t s Mu tua l , In c . , dur ing the las t two decade s . S ta r t ing in 1 94 6 a s t he Ar t s and Cra f t s Cooperat ive A s s o c i a t ion o f t h e E a s tern Land o f Chero�ee Ind ians , it is today re cogn i zed as one o f the ou t s tand ing Ind ian Ar t s and Craf t s organ i z a t ions in the Un i ted S t a t e s . Owned and oper a t ed by the Cherokee Ind i an Cra f t smen o f the Qua l la r e s e r ­ va tion , Cherokee , H . C . , i t was founded to en courage the deve lopmen t , produc t ion and marke t in g of the many un i que and authen t i c Ind ian craf t s produced on the ir r e s er va t ion . Qua l l a Ar t s and Craf t s Mu tual has b een , and cont inues to b e , an impor t an t s our ce o f supp l emen tal income for t h e 2 0 8 memb e r s and the ir fami l i e s , and many d e pe nd a lmo s t en t ire ly n the s a l e o f their cra f t s as a sour ce o f income dur hig the winter mon th s . \lhen a memb er s e l l s his hand i cra f t s to Qua l l a , this payment repre s en t s A s emi ­ o n ly a par t o f t h e t o tal t enef i t s o f memb e r s hip i n the organizat ion . annua l d iv J d end o f 5% i s aut oma t i ca l ly paid to t he member on the cra f t s tha t he s e l l s . Each year the pro f i t s tha t Qua l l a mal�e s are d ivided among the member s on a p er cen t -o f - sa le s b as i s . F � r examp l e , i f a memb er s o ld a cra f t i tem to Cua l l a in 1 9 5 7 for $ 1 . 00 , he received an ad d i t j o n a l d ividend o f 5% , p lus an e qu i ty cred i t o f ano ther 4 5% . As a fur ther examp le o f i t s va lue t o the Cherokee commun ity , the top producer ot the organ i za t ion in 1 9 6 7 s o ld $ 3 , 704 . 34 t o Qua l la . The 5% d ividend totaled $ 185 . 2 2 with an e qu i ty cred i t o f $ 1 , 6 75 . 9 5 be ing received b y thi s producer . E qu i ty paynte.n t s , which in recen t year s have been sub s tanial , are paid a s the Ex e c \ ! t ive Courud. t tee o f the organ izat ion fee l s i t i s f inan c i a l ly ab le . Qua l l a Ar t s and Cr a f t s Mu tua l own the ir present build ing which wa s cons truc ted in 1 9 6 1 at a co s t o f $ 50 , 000 . $ 3 0 , 000 of this amoun t wa s borrowed In from the Cherokee Tri L a l Counc i l to be paid b a c!� over a 24 year period . Novemher of 1 9 68 , Qual la l iquidated this ob l igat ion , t aking only 7 of the 24 v e a r s t o reach this go al . The b r igh t e s t p i c ture in Qua l l a ' s his tory is the ir a c t ivit ie s f r 1 9 6 8 . S a l e s s how an incre a s e o f approx i ma t e ly 2 5% over the previous year . The future o f Qua l la Ar t s and Cr a f t s Mutual , Inc . , con t inue s to ho ld much promi s e . There are many ou t s tand ing craf t peop le produ c ing basl e t s , wood carving , p o t t ery , b e adwork , s cu l p ture , b o th wood and s t one , weaving and me t a l work. (From a s ervice new s l e t t e r o f the Ind ian Ar t s and Cra f t s oard 1 1 2 / 30 / 6 8 } S te phen M . Ri chmond , F i e ld Repre senta t ive , P . o . E ox 2 9 2 , Che ro!�e e , N . C . 28 7 1 9 ) GPANT-IN-AID TO S TATE HUSEUM The Baine, S ta t e Commi s s ion on the Ar t s and the Human i t i e s has announc ed 3 s e par ate gran t s to the Maine S tate Mu s eum ' s r e s earch s t a f f . Two of the s e were awarded to a l l ow t h e Mu s eum s ta f f to und er t ake t he f o l lowing pro j e c t s : 1 ) to d e termine and r e cord the na ture and l o c a t ion of Maine Ind ian ar t ifac t s he ld i n mu s eum co l l e c t io n s i n nor the a s tern Uni te d S ta te s and eas tern Canada ; 2 ) to eva luate the ar chaeo l og i c a l po t en t i a l of three preh i s toric Ind ian camp ground s and / or Lur i a l s i te s . The 3 mu s e um gran t s tog�tbar t o t a l �d $ 98 0 . La s t summe r , s taff memb e r s of the S ta t e Mu s eum v i s i t ed the 2 Pa s s amaquoddy Re s erva t ion s and d i s cu s s ed w i th tr iba l o f f i c i a l s the p o s s ib i li ti e � of future t r ib a l mus eum con s tru c tion on the r e s erva tion s . The s e ar ch for exi s t ing co l ­ l e c t ions � f Ind ian ar t s and craf t s i tems i s a r e s u l t o f t he s e v i s i t s . A l at er Af.. 1Y. ONE KNCY.HNG OF PUBLIC v i s i t to t he Penob s co t Res erva t ion i s a l s o p l anned . lA OR PRIVATE C O LLE C TI OH S OF !v" INE INDIAN ARTIFAGTS I S URGED TO COHTAC T THE � I t i s known LE TTER , who w i l l p a s s the informa t ion a l ong to museum off i c ia l s . t ha t in the ear ly d ay s o f . t hi s cen tury , privat e co l le c t or s bought many phice l e s s The s e should be located , for triba l d i s p l ay : u s e . he i r l ooms from Maine Ind ians . �(13) MORE OF 1-'lA S SACHUSE TTS (See January News l e t ter , Fo l l owing i s t h e t ex t o f a b i l l j us t Hou s e o f Repre s en t a t ive b y Rep . : Jahn F . 13-14) Pag e s in troduced i n t o the Ma s s a chu s e t t s D o l an , R - Ipswich : THE COMMONWEALTH OF MA S SACHUSE TTS HOUSE !O . RE S OLVE PROVID I G F OR A l INVE S TIGATION AND 2096 S TUDY :rY A S PE C IAL C Oit1MI ::; S I ON RELA TIVE TO E S TAB LIS HING A BUP..EAU OF IND IAN AFFAIRS Fm THE C 011MON·1EALTH . Re s o lve d , the s e nate , That app o in te d b y t he governor , an unp a i d s p e c i a l commi s s ion to con s i s t o f one memb er o f tv10 memb e r s o f t he hou s e o f r e pr e s en t a tive s , a t t orney -genera l , a n d thr e e member s t hree memb er s t o b e appo in ted b y two of whom s ha l l be memb e r s o f an a c t ive Indian w i thin the Commonweal t h , is he reby e s t ab l i s hed inve s r. igat ion and s tudy r e l a t ive for the Commonweal th . t o be the t r ib e or group for the purpo s e of making an to e s tab l i s hing a bur e au o f Ind ian Affairs S aid colilllli s s i on s ha l l con s ider and rev iew a l l pr i or enac tmen t s of the G e n eral La� s and a l s o of s pe c i a l a c t s re l a t ive t o e ar l ier gran t s t o and r i gh t s o f Ind i ans w i thin the Commom� e a l t h i n c lud ing a l s o any l eg i s la t ive enac tmen t s in r e l a t io n t o former t r ib e s r e s i de n t wi thin the Commonwe a l th pr ior to t he e s t ah­ l i s hemsn t of the s t a t e o f 1' ine . la S a i d commi s s io n sha l l a l s o inve s t iga te and s tudy the pr e s en t d ay n e e d s a n d cond i t ions ex i s t ing amon g s t t h e Ind ian s , a n d submi t s u c h r e connne nd a t io n s as they d e em su f f i c i e n t to e s t ab l i s h and ma in t a in a bureau o f Ind ian A f f a ir s for t he Connno \t'\i e a l th Yhi c h wi l l b e t ter s erve the Ind ians in the ir fu ture r e l a t i o n s w i t h in the Commonwe a l th . S a id coliiilli. s s io n may trave l ou t s ide the Conmlonuea l th , and may con s u l t wi th any or a l l s t at e , feder al or pr iva te agen c ie s ·uh i ch may be engaged in r e l a t e d programs i n b e hal f o f Ind i a n s gener a l ly . S a id memb er s a t tendan c e a t of the m e e t i ng s the purpo s e s o f this commi s s ion s ha l l be re imbur s ed a n d hearing s , a n d for expens e s s tudy , in in t e r im r e p o r t s c l erk of ber to the gene r a l cour t and i t s r e connne nd a t io n s , leg i s la t i on ne ce s s ary t o c arry s ame t ime s p e n t i n trave l for inve s t i g a t ion and s tudy . Said commi s s ion sha l l repor t t i g a t ion and for in curre d in i f any , the re s ul t s of i t s inve s ­ toge ther with d r a f t s o f i t s re commenda t ion s i n t o e f f e c t , by f i l ing the · from t ime to t ime , t he Hou s e of Repre s en t a t ive s on o bu t w i th a fina l repor � w i th the be fore the f ir s t � edne s d ay of D e cem­ of n in e t e en hundr e d and s eventy -one . SPBCIJJ., .-,· E. AGE 01 HlJii by Gov . Kennet h � : . (Following fossage on 1969 . REWURCES Curt i s e i s thP t po rtion p ertaining to Ind i ? ns o f Governor Curt i s ' " Sp ci � l Human Re sour ce s , 11 deliv ered to the 104th Legi slature on Februa ry 4, In <:. lat er 11 Spe c i al on Edu c a t i o n 1 1 the Governor will d is cuss pro­ i·-essage gram.s t o :iJ prove the quaJi ty o f Indian e du c c: tion . - Ed . ) ve The Penobs co t a nd Pa s s amaquoddy Indian Tri be s h ju stifi able pride in They a re , as an expres sion of t hi s pri de , �e their c a pa ci ty fo r s lf-go vern. nt . continuaJJ_y SA�k ing to improve the quality of their government opera tions . I support th ei r prop0 sal to pla c e tribal po lic e o ffic e r s under the s tat e personn 1 law , wi th it s ployee b ene fit s a nd pro te ction . �'uch a cha nge \\IOuld enable the re servat.i on s to empl >y pi. ifi e<i tribal members for th e s e important po s itions . To in cr0as� the fl exfl::ril i.. ty f ad1i1 i ni s �.rat.i u_, the Tribe s pro po s e l egi slati o ( f'..o ut.i nn�d on Page 14 ) n �(14 ) ( 13 ) Continued frorn Pag allowing the tribtl governor of each rcs1;:;rva ti n, wi t h the a.dvice and consent of the t ribal counci l s , to " appoint p e r so n s to su ch po 3i tions as tribal c u s to d · tribal maintenanc a.-nan and other s p e c i al offi cers not clsewher · spe ci fi ed . " I support th i s measure . Th e Penob s co t s , now rec uir ed to hold their ele c tions for gove rno r , ) an , ( lieu­ t enant governor , legi sla tive rep resent ative c..nd tribal council every two ye a r s , propo s e change s c:i.llowi!l{s four y r r ter rns f r the governor and tribal oo un c il 1 emb er s , wi t h the co un cil enbers h c>ving stagg0red terms to insure that there are always some exp ri enc ed counci uei . Th i s is parti a lly e rs on hand . in erro r - the.; · propo sed ch ang e s e.llow ar sta.gge rC:;d terus fo r trib .:d co unc il manb e rs but r etain 2-ye ar t e rrus for th governor and li eutenant go verno r , as was l 4-Y r e que st ed b y the tribal co unci l . - ( b Ed. ) I endo r s e thi s pro pos al . The p re sent syst em , pennit ting frequent, who le s al e changes in t;overnm.e nt administration, may se riously t hr e at e n pro t:,raIIl oo nt inuity . In the area o f e conomic . � nagemcnt , the Pass amaquo ddie s pro po se changing the law on for e stry income from Indi c.n To wn s ip The p r e sent law requi res th a t h all . the s al e o f tim.ber must be pl aced in the Pa.ss amaquoddy pro c eeds fro1 sum equal to that used previously from the trust furrl s to build hou sing h a s b een replaced . Given the pr esent lev�l of income from the trust fund s t.ntil a will timb er sale s , it be 7 or a ye a rs befo re the sum i s wholly replaced and proc e e d s are rele as ed fo r g ene ral reservation �uprovement s . The Pas samtiquo ddi e s feel th.i s arrang ement i s t o restri ctiv , and I agree . Th e law should b e chunged t o allow transui ttal of 40% o f th n e t fo re stry income f r orµ th e fiscal yec:.. r to a c co unt s of th e Indi an Township Tri bal Counc il e.nd th Ple a sant Point Tribal Co unc il fo r use s the Counc ils deem appropri ate . The r ana.:ini ng 20% of th e annual net income w: m ld be r eturned to the trust . Under th i s arrange­ fund ment th e t ru s t fund v.ould still bt: repleni shed , though at a late r dat e , wh ile the Trib e s woul� have mon y ava ilable fo r special pro j e c t s , inv estme nt s or emer genc ie s . Other change s nc de trib al ap pro v al of the management of the Town s hip int e r e st . and ( fo r th e - Ed . ) ad d iti o n i lu to the pri nci pal of the tru s t fu nd of the annual I have al so re commende d an extensive c apital improvanents program fo r the and At Indi an Is Indian Township nd, Pet er Dana Point Ple asent Point Res e rvatio ns th e re wo uld be o::> nstru ction of indoor 2nd outdoor ) ( la Indian Re s e rvations . re cr e a t ion faci lities and t h& extensio n of water and sewage facilitie s to accomAt th e Pd n e e - on Strip ( Indi an o 1·mship water ( Initi a l s and s e wag e facilit i e s would be extended . ta t on co nstr c t ion o date new housing pro j e ct s . ani i T ) .fUnds fo r t he Strip were included in last June t s approved bond i s sue . - Ed . At Plea sant Point four new cl as s rooms v.o uld b e constructed, Point , one . be ii1et . The s e pro ,j e cts all r e spond to basi c , ) and at Peter Dana compel ling needs whi ch must JNPORTANT HAGAZINE AV ILABLE 1968, i s entitled A spe cial Indian i s sue o f YOUTH magazine, d ated Septemb er 22, THE Il�DIAN . It i s strongly r e cormnended to all tho se int erested in Indi ans, Indian affa ir s and part i cula rly in Ind i a n youth . Amply illustrated, the sp e ci l" 1 Views of Ind- an Re servations , Life on i ssue inc lu:i e s the followl ng art i cle s : Two Youth , C artoo nists Look a.t Indian s , Indi ans in the Inner City, Understanding Indian Cultur e , Map s : Ind ians in th e U . s . and Canada, Bibliography, Young Indian Art i st s , F i c ti on : Girl With Seven Names , S atir e : Solutions to the Indian Probl6rn, Own · Land, Photo Ess ay : The Indian Now. The s pe ci a l i ssu e is available from th e Unit ed Church Bo ard fo r Home l nd iVrl. s si o nari es , Divi sion of Public a tion, 1505 Race Stree t , Philad elphi a, Pa . 19102, or more copi e s . each fo r copi e s , and at to e a ch for from at Alien 50¢ in His 1 9 30¢ 10 �(15) IIID IA 1 MI : G -; Ac:.:.s iTO-l-VIOLEI1T FO:�l'I OF : .r_7;; )�, pa.-mn_; i by Enid Hemy l�T YORK - Thoma s ine !.'.u t h Hi l l , an ar t i c u l a t e and ex t raord ina1· i l y digni­ is t he a nt i t he s i s o f mo s t c o n t e s t winner s w i t h a nMi s s 1 • b e fore t h e i r name s . Th e curren t Mi s s Indi an Amer i � a , now i n iiew York a s par t o f her y e a r - l ong t our of the coun try , w e ar s no make up ( " I think i t ' s superfic i a l and a b i t s i:eaky the ind ividua l i s hiding b ehi nd s ome thin g . 1 1 ) , l ike s mo dern c l o t he s C ' a· ove t he l nee ut no t t o t he hip ; 1 ) b u t pre fe r s to d i s c u s s Ind i an g o a l s and : = red power · : · : • r do think there i s an ' ' I ' m a lways a s l ed ao out red p ow er , 1 • s h e s aid . f i ed 21 -ye a r •o ld from Crow Agency , Mon t . , .. • awaken in g among Ind i an youth to become more invo lv ed , 'L u t there i s a good s id e I f e e l t h a t Ind ians wou ld n o t r e s o r t to v i o l e n ce t o t o power and a b ad s i de . a c h i eve the ir g o a l s . r :e • ve l e arne d from pa s t h i s tory tha t i t doe s n ' t p a y o ff . " r : Pe o p l e l oo!� Hi s s Hi l l i s a fu 1 1 -iJ loodec1 and very l ight - s kinned Ind ian . at me and s ay ' You aren 1 t r e d , 1 i : sh e connne nted . " I ask them , ' D o I have t o be? I II she i s the gr and d a ugh t e r the Skid ee c l a n of the Pawnee t r ic e and Chie f S e e s -:Ji th - Hi s -Ear s of t h e "" lack L o d g e of the Crow t r ib e . : : I s p e ak very l i t t l e o f e i ther d ia l e c t , '. ' s h e s a id . : ; The only language my mo ther and f a ther cou ld of Th e daugh ter o f a Crou father and a Pawnee mo ther , b o c hie f s - Chi e f t i g B e ar of c ommun i c a t e in was Eng l i s h . : : Her command and u s e o f the Eng l i sh language w a s one of t he reasons she won t itle . She wa s crmmed, w i t h a headdre s s of porcupine qu i l l s , at the l S th annu a l Ii s s Ind i an Ame r i ca h e l d l a s t Augu s t in Sh er id a n , �-!yo . There were ' 36 o t her con te s t an t s , r epr e s en t in g the Uni te d S t a t e s and Canad a . 1 1 I t s no t a _beauty con te s t , : : she s a i d . : •And i ' s no t on a comme r c i a l b a s i s . : : Jud g ing , by a ane l o f f ive non - Indian s , is made on a b a s i s o f poi s e , s cho l a s t i c ab i l i ty , in tere s t in and d e d i c a t io n to the I n d i an peop l e , and modern and t rad i t io n a l t a l en t s . She addr e s s ed l li s s Hi l l ' s modern tal en t was spe e ch . 11 the g ather ing on 1 · The Amer i c an Cha l lenge is the Amer i c an Ind i an 1 s Fut ur e . 1 . The I nd i an need s t o und er s tand h ims e l f and t he par t h e c an p l ay i n s o c i e ty w i t hout l o s ing h i s iden ti ty , : · she s aid . ; .;Je s end t hem to the c l ean Her trad i i on a l t a len t -.;- a s clean in g bucks!-: in . e r n nowari a y s , n she admi t t ed . •:ru t I c an do i t the o l d way , u s ing two s t ones . ; : A c o mpac t 5 f e e t 3� inch e s and l l G pound s , Mi s s Hi l l rar e ly wears tr ad i t ion ­ her al dre s s . She ha s two t h a t she u s e s on o f f i c ia l o c c a s ions . One i s ' uckskin , made from four d ee r k i l l ed by her fa t h e r and bro ther , d e s ign ed by her s i s t er and s e'\'m by a n o the r s i s t er and her s e l f . de cora ted .�.wlth l e lks 1 t e e th A s e cond , ( " The e lk s ymbo l i z e s a b r av e an ima l ; 1 ) was mad e b y a re l a t i ve . Mi s s Hi l l , one of nine c h i l d re n , was born in Lawrence , Kan . , and l iv e d on r e s er va t i o n s i n nor th Dako t a and Non t ana b e fore r e s id ing a t Crow Agency , uher e her f a ther i s a r e a l e s t a t e s p e c i a l i s t . Her i n tere s t in trav e l snd me e t in g p e op le of d i f f er e n t cu l t ure s b egan even b e fore s he en tered co l lege . She s p e n t t:uo years w i t h the 'Up i i t h Peo p l e : program b efore her f ir s t year at E a s t ern Ho n t an a Co l l ege in L·i l l ing s . She i s nou on a y e ar ' s s ab b a t i c a l and p lan s to r e s ume her s tud i e s , ma j or ing in po l i t ic a l s cience , at trown Univers i ty , wher e she has b e en o f fered a s cho larship . Mi s s Hi l l hop e s to u s e t h i s y e ar to fu-r l her a numb e r o f g oa l s f or Ind ian s . She i s acc omp an ied on her t r i p Ly Mrs . Sus i e Y e l l ow Tai l , a memb e r o f the Crow t r i b e from � y o l a , Mon t . , who ha s been a s s o c ia t e d w i t h the con te s t s in c e i t s e ar l i e s t days . (Fr om -t h.,. f,a�.9.!_ D a i l S te phen Hi t c he l l , _ a Penob s co t l!ews , 2/ 6 / 6 ' ) D ID YOU KHO':·T TIIAT s e n ior at Hu s s on Co l lege , was the s o l o i s t a t Hu s s on 1 s r e cen t wi n t e r gra.r h 1a t i on . $ t eve w :i 1 l h e d o ing h i s pra c t i ce t e a c hing . t h i s spr ing - hi s ma j or i s l.iu s i nE> s n Ed u:· � H on . �/ / (16) LEG I S LA TIVE NEHG COM11I TTE:!'i.: OF IlK}UffiY APPOII!TED The j o i n t Sena t e - Hou s e Commi t te e of Inquiry , ca l l ed for in a Jo in t Ord er a s t h e re s u l t o f the curr ent ha s s le ov e r the D e par tme n t of Ind i an Affair 8 ' appropr i a t i o n s and admin i s tra t ion ( S e e January Pew s l e t ter , page s 1 8 - 2 0 ) has l ee n name d . Cho s en by Sena t e Augu s t a ) D avid and S en . Pr e s id e n t �enn e t h McLeod were e e n . Carl ton D ay 7enne dy w ere P.e p . Perham ) , "' e p . Kenne th A . F i l l iam E . a t ive A lb e r t Dana and .. e e d , Denn e t t Jr . (D - Mi l l s (D -E a s tpo r t ) , (R-Ki t tery ) , D e nne t t D . Ka t z (R­ i.!amed by Hou s e Spea �er ro o hJ' i c h ) . r�e p . Haro ld t ragdon (P ,­ Pa s s amaquoddy Le g i s l a t ive r.e pre s � t ­ Penob s c o t Leg i s l a t ive R e pre s e n t a t ive John De l s on . The t ews l e t ter und er s t and s that S ena tor rreed has L e e n named cha irman o f t he Commi t�--O f Inqu iry . Repre s en t a t ive bragdon i s a memb er of the Le g i s la t ive Appropr i a t io n s Commi t t e e . � epre s e n t a t ive D enne t t i s a member o f the S ta t e Governme n t CODIDi t tee (where many Ind i an b i l l s a r e e ing r e ferred t h i s se s s ion ) and l a s t y e ar wa s a memb e r of rre pre s e n t a t ive Mi l l s ' The Jo i n t Ord e r HWHEREAS , t he d i s tr i c t Ind ian A f fa ir s Commi t t e e of i n c l ud e s b o th ca l l ing for the Commi t te e of the D e par tme n t of ' t he du t ie s t he ir educ a t i on ' and was 1 cr e a t e d superv i s ion over the Ind i an Tr ib e s ; ' �.Jl-IEREAS , t he d e p ar tme n t is appo i n t e d and and to s tud y t he superv i s ion , l arge ly s t aff ; now , there fore , be i t that a Commi t te e o f I n qu iry be Lhe admi n i s t r a t ion of Ind ian a f f a ir s a s pre s ent ly t r i t:. a l o f f i c i a l s , and to re port to t h e 1 01:. t h Le g i s l a ture t o the ab ove -me n t ioned d i f f i cu l ty ; ORDERED , tha t s a id Commi t t e e Hou s e appo in t e d b y the tha t Appropr i a t ion the The order wa s s ha l l c on s i s t of 2 memb e r s o f the the Pre s id e n t o f the S e na te and 3 memL e r s o f the the S p e aker o f two Tr ib a l Repre s e n t a t iv e s Or J)EP.ED , there is the Hou s e o f Repre s e n ta t ive s apd at t he Leg i s latur e ; and be it sum of $ 2 00 t o carry out the purpo s e s of this order . ' · the Commi t t e e of Inqu iry . D. fa t z o f Augu s t a i n t o The Maine Time s e d i t o r i a l i zed on January 3 1 s t : t he s our ce s o f in a f a ir -mind ed mann e r , of has _ enne t t I t promi se s , perhap s , i s he ar t i ly we l c omed . r a t her than try ing to looked at f inger a s c apego a t s quare ly and for b e heading . ' : :Ca t z , who ha s a we l l - e arned repu t a t ion f or b e ing s po n s or e d an order ca l l in g for an i n quiry in to t he prob lems t he young d e p ar tmen t , wh i ch . s inc e i t s b ir th in and b ad l y und e r - f und e d . curr e n t f in an c i a l serve 1 1 The entran ce of S e n . the d epar tmen t ' s wo e s w i l l be : ; S en a t e Ma j or i ty L e ad e r f a i r -minde d , to s en s e l e s s con trover s y now swir l ing around Maine ' s D e par tment o f Ind i an A f f a i r s the r e a l fur t her appropr i a t e d from the Leg i s l a t ive s po n s or e d by S e n a t or Ka t z , who was sub s e quen t ly named on tha t and i t fur ther S e n a t e appo i n t e d by of s a id as a sma l l d e par tment wi th through con su l t a t ion wi th appropr i a t e s ta t e agen c i e s i t s re commen d a t i o n s r e l a t ing be s erv i ce s , the Hou s e con curr ing , c arr i e d out , to Ind ians , exp er ienc ing incr e a s ing d i f f i cu l t y s in g l e appropr i a t ion and l imi t e d ORDEP..E D , fo l l ous : to exer c i s e g e neral in per forming s a i d d u t ie s a n d exer c i s ing involv ing hea l th and we l fare r e ad s as and power s her e to fore the Commi s s ioner o f He a l t h and He l fare re l a t ing exc e p t a Inauiry , Ind ian A f f a ir s e � t a· l i s hed by the · 1 0 2nd Le g i s l a t ure was as s igned g iven the Le g i s l a ture . Pa s s ama quoddy Re s e rv a t ion s . the troub l e s The s e f a c tor s are a t • • • • :i 1965 ]la s b ee n und e r - s t a ffed the he ar t o f thd d epar tment ' s D ID YOU KNO'H THAT Ind ians had turkey s b e fore s ou thwe s t , mu s t !hanl s g iv in g ? In c l i f f dwe l ler archaeo log i s t s have b ound b u i l t have b e en a turkey pen . tur ke y b on e s , Droppings have b e e n found in " apar tment s = = in the in to many dwe l l ings a s truc ture tha t and the s e p e n s . f e a thers from turkey s , as we l l as I �(17) LEG I S LA TIVE HEPS HOU S !HG AUTH02.ITIES PRE SENT BUDGE T REOUE S ""S In a hi s t o r i c " f ir s t : : o f tr ib a l s e l f -government in toc!ay ' s s o c i e t y , 3 Tr ib a l Reu s ing Au thor i t ie s pr e s en t ed their budge t r e que s t s Leg i s la ture a t a pub l i c hear ing on February 5 t h , to the the 1 04 t h be fore t h e Appropr i a t i o n s Commi t t e e in Augus ta . nepr e s e n t a t ive s for their r e que s t s of the 3 Author i t i e s exp l a ined to the for ma in tenanc e and oper a t iona l co s t s of commi t t e e t he b a s i s the s ewag e and water fac i l i t ie s whi ch w i l l be cons tru c t ed on the 3 R e s erva t ions dur ing the coming mon ths . Each Au thority is re que s t ing funds to hire a ful l - t ime ma i n t e n • ance man , fun ds to pur cha s e t he n e c e s sary too l s and e quipmen t f o r the s e men , fund s t o provide for the annua l oper at ion o f the s ewage and water t r e a tment p l ant s , and 1/3 the c o s t o f t he s a l ary of a ful l - t ime foreman for the 3 Re s erva � t ion � ' f ac i l i t ie s . The amoun t s r e que s t e d Au thor i ty - $ 20 , 6 1 9 ; Hou s ing Au tho r i ty - for the b iennium are : 1969-1971 P l e a s an t Po in t Hous ing Au tho r i ty - $ 26 y �06 . t he i n i t i a l s cr een ing of (last summer ) t r e a tme n t p lant , the S ta te Budge t Of f i ce w i thout change ; to t he Sew a l l Co . fac i l i t ie s re que s t e d . t he Penob s co t b e caus e o f the i n i t i a l a sewage the s ervice s of a ful l - t ime Penob s co t Au thor i t y V i c e - Cha irman Ma t t hew Sappier exp l a ined Counni t t e e that a re cen t engineer ing p l an comp le ted by Appropr i a t 1ons t he Jame s $ 1L� , OL}4 tha t t h e Penob s c o t fa c i l i t i e s wou ld no t i n c lude and hence wou ld not r e quire ma in t en ance man . Ind i an Town ship All amoun t s ex c e p t tho s e f or Penob s co t p a s s ed re que s t had· b e en reduced b y the Bud g e t Of f i ce t o b e l ie f Penob s co t Hou s ing $ 21 , 1 7 1 ; ind i c a t e d the de s ireab i l i ty o f inc lud ing sewage treatme n t in t h e p lans , and r e que s ted a re turn to t h e h igher amount o r ig in a l ly Pleasant Po in t Au thor i ty Chairman a n d Indian Town s h i p Au tho r i ty memb er t ive ) Alb e r t D ana ( and Tr ib a l Governo r ) Euge ne Fran c i s ( and Pa s s amaquoddy Leg i s la t ive Re pr e s en t a ­ te s t i f ied f or the ir Au thori t i e s , exp l aining tha t t h e c o s t f igur e s were ob t a ined a f ter con sul ta t ion w i th the S ta t e ' ure au o f Pur chas e s , etc . l o c a l water and s ewer d i s tr i c t s , Ind i a n Commi s s ione r Edward Hin ck l ey exp l a ined that th i s re pre s e n t e d fir s t opportun i ty the S t a t e had had to make appr opr i a t ion s d ire c t ly g r o u p s s in c e days o f h i s t o r i c t r e a t y paymen t s . Hous ing law had been s p e c i f i cal ly d e s igned so Tr ib a l Hou s ing Author i t i e s , for a ppropr iated to the Au tho r i t ie s F a ther Romeo S t . !<enne th Mi l l s ou t ho'\-1 t he r. H e out l inetl how t h e Maine Ind ian tha t the fa c i l i t i e s b e long to the and p o in ted ou t that b o th S ta t e and F e d e r a l fund s a l r e ady ob t a ined or commi t ted o f tha t Author i t y , Pierr e , the - no t con s tru c t i on of the s e f a c i l i t i e s were to his depar tmen t . c hap l a in on t he Penob s c o t Re serva t ion and Secre t ary a l s o t e s t i f i ed in favor of the budge t r e que s t s , (D -Ea s tpor t ) . the to t r i b a l a s d id Rep . R e pr e s en t a t ive Mi l l s took s p e c i a l pains a s hing ton Coun ty phy s i c ian s were p l e a s e d at pro gr e s s in impr ov ing s an i t a tary coud i t ions on the 2 Re s erva t ions the to poin t Pa s s amaquoddy ' s in h i s d i s tr i c t , a s a me ans o f r e duc ing i l lne s s and the po s s ib i l i ty o f d i s e a s e among the Ind ians and non - Ind i an s a l ike . CHIEF ' S GOAL IS TO UNITE ALL IND IANS SYP.ACU S E , N.Y. (AP) UJTO CONFEDERACY - l o t s ince Dekanawida p l an t e d t he Tr e e o f Gre a t Peace in the l and o f the Onond aga s f ive centur i e s ago has the on c e - powe r f u l , still proud Iro quoi s Con feder acy a spired to gr e ater un i ty and advanceme n t for the Amer i can Ind ian . Ju s t as the s o n of t he Huron maiden brought und er 'Ihe Gr e a t E- inding Law , terms of 20- , from s e a to pre s e n t -d ay Iro quoi s S O - , or even J OO -na t i on c the f ive - now s ix - na t ions leaders are t hinking in ll federacy who s e sea . (Con t inued on Page 18) l ongho u s e would s tr e t ch �/ ( 18) / (Cont inued from Page 1 7 ) Such a u9 Lon o f mo s t o f t he n a t ion ' s Ind ians face s a lmo s t in surmoun taL le e thn i c , cu l t� a l , r e l ig ious and l ingu i s t ic barr iers tha t are s hored up by d i s ­ t ance and ne f e c t ions t o t h e whi te man ' s ways . neve r t he l e s s , the pu l se of the un i f i ca t ion movemen t beat s s txong on the Onond aga Ind ian �es erva tion near here . The OnoDdagas are the f irekeeper s or head auar ters of t he confe deracy , and their home was once the cap i t a l and seat of power in the Jew Hor ld , e a s t of t he Mi s s i s s ippi . The b e a t i s e s pe c i a l ly s tr ong in the heart of Leon Shenandoah , t he 5 3 y ear-o ld , s tee ly -eyed Onond agan who wa s in s ta l led December 7 th a s chief o f the Iro quo i s , a p o s i t ion a luay s he ld b y a n Onond aga . S henandoah , who s e Ind ian name , Ky -you-ha -ha-d e , ap t ly mean s "unf in i s hed b u s ine s s , j, s p e ak s o f prophe c i e s handed down among t.re s t ern tr ib e s tha t fore te l l " o f the ir ge t t in g he lp from , or mee t ing w i th , Eas t ern nations . ' Shenandoah ha s announced p l ans for a mas s ive ga the r ing thi s summer of a l l t r ib e s in the Hes t ern Hemi s phere to d i s cu s s : : the warn ing s igns of d i s a s t er . 1 1 I t ' s a mee t ing to d i s c u s s p lans for "We ' re no t c a l l ing it a pow-wow . un i t ing a l l of our peo p l e for ac t ion . We have to p l an ahead for our future . We have our own con s t i t u t ion . ·whi ch the o ther Ind ian nations don 1 t have . They are intere s te d . There has b e e n pre l iminary d i s cu s s ion . They may come into the confederacy • 1 1 The chi e f s aid pre s en t ind i c a t ion s were tha t more than 100 nat ions or ien t a t ive p l an s cal l t r ib e s wou ld be repre sen ted at the mee t ing in Augus t . for a four -d ay ga ther ing , beg inning Augu s t 1 6 th at the Seneca Ind ian Re s erva­ t ion near Tonawanda in we s tern Pew York S t a t e and a four -day con c luding s e s s ion at Onond aga . The announcemen t o f t he ga thering . perhaps unpreceden ted in Ind ian auu a l s , came dur ing the some t ime s heated d i spute be tween Mohawk Ind ian s and the Canad ian government . ( S e e D e cember News l e t ter , Page s 1 0 , 1 2- 1 3 ; and Jan.n nry He"t-�S 1� t ter , Pag e s 14- 1 5 . - Ed ) (l•'r om the Mai .E e__§��?.. Te legram , 2 / 1 6 / 6 9 ) Y_ • A BRIEF EXPLANATIOl'� OF T HE PASSAMAQUODDY IIIDIAl! LA ND CASE From t he o f fice of Don C . Ge l l er s , At torne y by Franc i s co L . Olguin I. U!TRODUC TION No one knows b e t ter than t he Pa s sama quoddy thems e lve s wha t the land case mean s . There i s more t han j u s t wha t t he cour t s may do . I t invo lve s many generat ions of in j u s t i c e s done to the Pa s s amaquoddy by the whit eman . It a l so invo lve s the g iv ing o f one ' s word to do cer tain thiR g s or act in a certain way , p lu s the exp e c t a t ion tha t the s e t hing s or a c t s wi l l be done . The whi teman for over one -hundred and f i f ty years has seen f i t to run over hi s oWn word s , s poken in the treaty o f 1 794 . The whi teman value s the ide a of pr iva te property so much that they wr o te in to t he ir l aws an inhere n t r ight - tha t i s , a r ight no one , no t even the governme n t can t ake away from them - to fee l s e cure in-the enj oyme n t o f the ir proper t y . Thi s pro t e c t io'n i s in the ir con s t i tu t ion . Today ; the Pa s s ama quodd y o ccupy b are l y 200 acre s o f the ir original 30 , 000 acr e s s e cured t o them by tr ea�, and this a f ter all the o ther l and whi ch was the i r s wa s taken away from them . Thi s s hort s ke t ch i s wr i t ten to brie f ly d e s cr ibe what has been done and wha t is b e ing d on e to s e cure t he s e inherent r igh t s , tha t have been invaded by the whi t eman , tha t the Pa s s ama quoddy have in the fu l l en j oyn1en t of the ir righ t s t o the ir l and - land which be longed to the Pa s s�una quoddy l ong b e fore arty con­ s t i tu t ion was wr i t ten b y the whi teman . Read i t . I t invo lve s your land and your chi ldren ' s -t o - come land . (Cou t inued 0n Pag e 1 9 ) �( 19 ) ( Co n t inued from Page OUTLINE OF EVENTS A. Lawyer Hired . Nay of 1 9 64', the d e c i s ion II . In to do some thing about t r e a t y v io l a t ion s by the d i s cu s s io n s w i th t r i b a l of f i c ia l s and Don C . be done to set t hing s B. 1 9 68 . and the Pas s amaquoddy . Preparat ion G e t t ing r e ady wa s to F i l e Comp l a in t . t he ma in goal b e tween The work invo lve d dur ing t h i s informa t i on Thi s ( fr om as loRg cont inuing the hir ing o f came ab out a f t er many the re a l i z a t ion tha t some thing s tr a ight con c e rn ing mo n i e s and s amaquoddy p e o p l e . the S t ate of Maine b e c ame a re a l i ty by Ge l l er s a s a t torney for the 12) to cou ld the Pas ­ the per iod o f May , 1 9 64 to s uppor t a l l c l a ims wh i c h t ime wa s : far away as Eng l and ) land b e long ing to January , The ga t her ing o f . ma t er i a l s (1) the the Pas s amaquoddy have again s t b o th t h e Commonwea l t h o f Ma s s a chuse t t s a n d the S tate of Ma ine ; and r e por t s p l a c e s wher e t he invo lve d a gre a t amount o f trave l ing , Pas s ama quod dy . to sho' (3) toge ther a l l a s s oc i a te . s ary b e c au s e D on i s n o t a member o f the Ma s s achu s e t t s Bar , needed to do wha t ever the the pr oof t h a t where the S ta t e o f Ma ine ha s broken i t s promi s e s to Dur ing thi s t ime , in May , 1 9 6 7 , John S . B o t toml ey , from Bo s t on , was hired to be Don Ge l le r s ' B r ie f ly , le t t er \-lr i t ing Be low is a l i s t o f a few people and l e t ter s wer e ex changed i� br ing ing w i l l b e ne c e s s ary a lat·ryer Thi s ( 2) to and from many p l a c e s . leg work i s n e ce s s ary in S t a te o f �la ine c anno t be s ued if the cour t s Thi s wa s ne ce s ­ and some one wa s in Na s s achu s e t t s . i t d o e s no t wan t to be the i t s ob l ig a t ion s Commonwea l th of Ma s s achu s e t t s can be Pa s s amaquoddy never agree d ins t e ad . Th i s to the l e t Ma s s achu s e t t s Ind i an s , In D e c embe r , (4 ) to s ame r u l e as �lai ce , sued . Be c au s e Ma s s a c hu s e t t s doe s no t have the or Ma ine could n o t k i l l i t j u s t o n mere III . On ILL OF par a t ion , was COMPLAIHT F ILED f i led wrong s t h i ng s tha t have been done - ( the Tii. a t j u s t l ike of list the Cour t Tila t Ma s s a chus e t t s and Maine , and f a i led That t he t ime has needed of damage s t r e a ty o f - to and the s ay t ha t the Tha t i t w as r e a l l y due - 'Iha t Ma s s achu s e t t s - Tha t the i n to a s ep ar a t e the tr eaty of of to the is the the l i s t ing of to t he tr ib e forever , the the tr e a ty , Cour t s aid s t i l l re s pon s ib l e to s e t Name ly , to s traight wha t for wha t for a long t o f igure ou t the amoun t the Pa s s ama quoddy under l i e s o f Ma s s a chu s e t t s o f f i c i a l s and Pa s s ama quoddy ne�er - gave tha t Ma s s achu s e t t s have b e e n ignor ed by bo th 1 794 l and s s houldn ' t have s e t -up s ta t e . w i t h the in tere s t , p lu a the the s e promi s ed - 'Iha t l1a s s ac hu s e t t s be a s ked $ 3 7 , 4 71 . 03 land be long s tha t Ma s s achu s e t t s i s s t raigh tened ou t . of g e t t ing ou t in E qu i ty again s t The sui t con t e nd s among o ther Pa � s amaquoddy . tr ib e whi c h had b e en promi s ed 1 7 94 . Th i s a c t iv i ty we n t the comp l a i n t s e par a t e wrongs ) : to do . Pas s ama�uoddy never d id g e t a s a way the In shor t , Pa s s ama quod dy wan t s to be s ued and that no whi t e s had any r ig h t to s te a l any part the r igh t s under Maine ha s done - to 2l� s ho u ld t het r e a ty s ay s , i t away . - inc lud e s f or a f t e r many mon th s o f hard pre ­ f in a l ly , comp la in t , in Suffo lk Coun ty Supe rior Cour t Commouwe a l th of Ma s s ac hu s e t t s . 1 t he to Maine to make sure that e i the r Ma s s a chu s e t t s t e chn i c a l i t ie s . 1968 . Mar"Ch- -S:- -1 9 6 S:- the t he buckn s ince a very rough wr i t ing o f t he comp l aint was done . 1967 l i s t ing o f wrong -do ing s w as gone over on un t i l Nar c h , tipas s and in the S ta t e of Ma ine the ir con s en t in Ind ians at tha t t ime , and tha t Ma s s a chu s e t t s b e ord ered t o pay b a ck the in tere s t and a l l a c crued and incr e a s ed income from ( Con t i nued on Page 20) the 1 8 20 to Ma ine b e ing made to a c coun t for wha t was done w i th it owed t he tha t the S c hcod i c River . the the the toge ther $ 3 7 , l� 7 1 . 03 trus t fund . �( 2�) (Con t inued 19) from Page - 11ha t Ma s s achus e t t s be a s ked f o r d ama g e s b e e n cu t over The wrong s p l a in t , but tree s that have are me n t ion e d above are no t a l l tha t was s a id in is the cum­ invo lved comp l a in t . THE CA S E As was expe c t e d , c a s e b y s aying i s pa s t , t he in a nu t s he l l , w i l l g ive you a g o od i d e a of wha t PRE SENT S TATIJS OF A. t he tha t th i s , i n the b i l l of IV . for a l l the year s on Pa s s ama quodd y Tr e a t y land s . s o t ha t that t he Commonwe a l t h o f Ma s s a chus e t t s i s the t he Pa s s ama quoddy ar e t he r e i s eve ry h o p e t ha t Don i s , at try ing to d e feat t ime w i thin wh i c h the sui t s hould have been broug h t too l a t e in comp l a in ing . Don f e e l s th i s w i l l be over come . thi s 'vr i t ing , pr e par ing l e g a l argumen t s to overcome ob j e c t ion s wh i c h Ma s s a chus e t t s has f i l e d in Super ior Cour t . the The hearing on the ahove ob j e c t ion s and o t her po in t s wi l l b e s ome t ime in the nex t two or t hr e e mon t h s . COECLUS IO V. To b e sure , t he cour t s are n o t the o n ly arm o f t he governme n t The amoun t o f d amage s a sked mi l l ion ) and for by t he sub s tan t i a l t he p o l i t i c ian s w i l l no t be d en i e d a f i g h t . b a t t l e w i l l be a l o n g h a r d one , everyone ' s Tr ibe i s very coopera t ion this and this $ 1 50 The road o f l eg a l i s on ly t h e b e g i n n ing . s u c c e s s fu l . j ou rney s hou ld be invo lve d . (over The B u t w i th t ru th mu s t win i n the end . Ame r ic an In s t i t u te of Re a l E s ta t e The Br i t i sh Mu s eum Apprai s e r s Lon�on , Chi cago , Ency c l o p ed i a E r i tan i c a 3 6 B o u t h �·lab a s h Avenue I l l ino i s Eng land Libr ary Re se a r ch Se rv ice Pub l i c Re cord Of f ic e 4 25 r Chan c e ry Lane Chicago , London , • Mi chigan Avenue I l l i no i s E n g l and Mas s achu s e t t s Hi s t or ica l S o c i e ty Bo s t on , Ma s s a c hus e t t s Ma ine S ta t e Libr ary Augu s t a , Maine St . Pub l i c Ar c h ive s Canad a His tory De partmen t D e l ho u s i e Un iver s i ty Co l le c t io n s o f N . S . John ' s Mu s e um , Ll oyd Y ruir of Nova S co t ia Hi s to r i c a l S o c i e ty The Library of Congr e s s �·lash ing ton , D . C . Smi t h s on i an In s t i tu t e ·las h i ng t on , D . C . The · New runswicl� Mu s eum New York Pub l i c Library 227 Doug l a s Avenue New Yor!c Ci t y , St. John , N. Y . N. E . , ( Submit te d by Ind i an Town ship Governor John S teven s , Canad a 2/ 13/69) D ID YOU KHOf·J THAT t he Queb e c Ind i an A s s o c i a t ion ha s pre s e n t e d t he provin c i a l government wi t h a b i l l for $ 5 , 000 , 000 out the ir con s en t ? for l and s the a s s o c i a t ion c l a ims were t aken from the Ind ians· u i t h ­ Or tha t A lb e r t a Ind i Rn s a r e a s k i n g t h e Canad ian Ind i an Af f a i r s D e par tme n t for a r e a f f irma t ion of Ind i an s d emanded the e s tab l i s hment o f a comp e n s a t ion f or l and t h ey lost the ir treaty r i gh t s ? $ 100 , 000 . 000 through treat i e s ? Or t ha t 'NaliHoba d eve l opmen t fund a s par t i a l ( Ind i an Re cord , Feb . -Mar . ' (9 ) �( 21 ) BERMUDA NORTH - IT 1 S HEADED EAST PROJECT : • • . • Relevanc e . how many Involvement . oung adult s , So cial a ction . all that ' s been written about them lately? John P . Davi s , It all s ounds good . � But if given the opportunity, would actµally l i e up to That ' s the que stion that Father advis o r to the Bowdoin College Newman Apostolate (whi ch ha s no club membership but include s eve ry Catholic and ever;r non-Catholi c who parti c ­ Bermuda ipate s i n any o f it s activit i e s ) asked hims e lf wh en h e launched " P ro j e ct : North" a few weeks a o . It alluded The pro j e ct title was s e le cted for its symboli c s igni fi c ance . t o the anriual exodus of c o llege students from the northeastern st�t e s and their 1i\·fuat this migration t o Fort Lauderdale and Be rmuda for the spring va cat ion . title is s aying i s , 10.K. , forget about tho s e pla c e s ; pole in the cornmitment that thi s pro j e ct demands Hhat are the students of P ro j e ct : of them from Bowdoin and St . 1 , 11 they ' re at the oppo site explained t h e advi s o r . Be rmuda North committed to ? . vac ations at the Pas s amaquoddy Re s e rvation at Peter Dana Point . duct workshops in drama , Twelve J o s eph ' s College have agreed to sp end thei� spring art , mus i c , tutoring , They will con­ s ewing and dre s smaking for both the elementary and hit�h s chool students on the re s e rvation . Th eir purpo s e ? 1 1 To help , in so e small way , the Indians to help themselve s , " Father Davis replied . The idea of the workshops originated with the reservation ' s own Governor John St evens . When he was approached last I ovember by . Davis , St eve Plourde Bowdoin student ) , and Lou Doyle , coordinat o r of Indian Affairs for the Dio c e s e (a he turned do m the i r original idea o f having s everal Bowdoin student s Stevens ' reaction come to the re s e rvat ion to pit ch into ph� si cal work pro j e cts . But our children was , 11 e are capable of doing such work ours elve s ; so let us . · have talent s and we would like t o see them channeled . " The visitors agreed , o f Portland , and Pro j e ct : Bermuda orth was born • • • • The pro j e ct dat e s , 1arch encompas s the student s ' entire vacation period with the exception of one day on eithe r end . Twenty-five young people uali fi cati ons . filled out the four-page . ppli cation Form and Stat ement o f � The appli c at io ns we re reviewed by the i ewman Exe cutive Board , Do le , Stevens and the Council of the r e s e rvat io n . _pplied were well-quali­ Althou h all who a 23 -30 , fied for the pro j e ct , only 14 were ac cept ed be caus e of the limit ed residence space avail ble at Pet e r Dana Point . Each student who wa s s ele cted i s t alented in more than one of the workshop areas so that he can " pinch hit " in other areas . • • • Each participant is �eq'...d. r ed . to · re ad background mat e rials on Indian culture Brie fing s e s s ions in general and the Pas samaquoddy culture in parti cular . i n c lude d i s cus sion of Indian customs and viewpoi nt s ; speakers are Governor Stevens and · 1ayne l ewell ( AFSC repre s entative to the Pas samaquoddy ) • • • • whe n the group The proj e ct 1 s s chedule o f events begins ·on Sunday , i·iar ch will emb ark on the s ix-hour bus trip to Pet e r Dana Point ( near Prin ceton , Me . ) 23 , 'orni a s 'Nill be devoted to workshops fo r the high s chool age children , a fter­ "'.ve ' ve s et it up thi s way s o And thei r own learning will be that the o lder chi ldren can help the others . 1 noons to the elementary children s workshops . reinfo rc�d , 1 the advi s o r explain�d . J* Evenings will be r e s e rved .8Vi e s , game s and s o ng fe st s , for the e nt i re On �ledne sday the group plans a t rip to the University of Mel:ine at Orono so that the older children can get a good look at how college student s learn about drama , art , mns i c - the very things they are learning in the work­ . Father Davis d e s c ribed shops . A " happening" is s cheduled for Friday night . r� s e rvat i on . this event as an opportunity for the children to demonstrate the talent s they have been pract i c ing during the weeY.: • • • • Like the initial question o f reJ.evance and i nvolv eme nt , thP- ambit i ous ( r,onti nuf3d on Page 22) �(22) ( Con t inued I from Pag e Pr o j e c t : r e rumu d a l·!o r t h s o un d s g r e a t b u t . c an ' t do it a l one . They are w i l l ing to • • • 21) The r : b u t sacrifice · ar i s e s b e c au s e the group t he ir va c a t ions a nd a l l t he add i t i o n a l hour s b e fore the ir d e pa r t ur e . � u t • • • t hey n e ed the loan o f , r t he r e du c e d r a t e o f , a b u s d r ive r t o trans por t them t o and from Pe t e r Dana Po i n t , and t o and from Orono . I3 u t . . • t he ten Dowd o in s t ud en t s and F a ther D av i s need s l e e p in g b a g s (week ' s loan ) f o r the f l oor o f t h e r e s i d e n c e ha l l where t hey w i l l l ive . Bu t • for one week . s e cond - hand ) ject . ab ove Eut that • Bu t • • • • • that c a n be • • t he y need a var ie t y n f food s tu f f s for the group o f 15 t hey need a r t ma t e r ia l s o f all k ind s and gu i tar s l e f t w i t h the Ind i an c h i ldr en a t ( new or the c l o s e of t h e pr o ­ they n e e d s ome c o ld c a s h w i t h wh i c h t o pro cure t h a t s hare o f t he i s no t d ona t e d or l o aned to them . If you c an el.' a s e any o f the " B u t ' s " g ive F a t her Dav i s a c a l l at Re c to r y in Brun�w i ck , 7 2 5 - 2 6 24 Time s , 2/ 14 / 6 9 , • (From t he Ma i n e • • • St. Char l e s . by G l or i a Hu t ch i n s o n ) TO �- C I TI Z E N S O F THE S TATE O F MAI lE THE � �� � -�� February ��- 24 , 1969 Pe t e r D a n a Poin t Ind ian Town s hi p Hhen t h e r e s pon s ib i l i ty f o r the e d u c a t ion o f Ind i an c h i ldren w a s changed over fr om the D e par tme n t o f Hea l th and Pe l fare I tho u g h t men t in there wou l d be tex t s mea n i n g f u l change . have c0n t inued to p o i n t o u t here whe re The re has b e e n a sma l l improve ­ tex t s are no t the Depar tme n t made t he p a t e r na l i s t i c a t t i tud e . l e ad ing remar ks and b ig pr omi s e s do . to the D e p ar tmen t of Edu c a t ion , and a f ew l igh t bulb s have b e e n r e p l a c e d , b u t I wan t e n ough . a i t s mi s take s . They They have mad e i n t e n t iona l ly mi s ­ t o for ce u s t o d o t h i n g s we d id n o t w i s h to They have no t hand l ed money me an t for Ind i an e du c a t ion re s pon s ib ly . I do n o t f e e l t h a t s ome o f t h e p e o p l e invo lve d in Ind i an edu c a t ion shou ld be i n ­ v o l v e d in e du c a t i o n a t a l l . I fe e l t ha t i t ' s Governor Cur t i s ' r e s pons ib i l i ty t o s e e tha t h i s worker s a s r e s p e c t e d . e qua l s . I f ir s t wou l d l ike in the De par tme n t o f Ed u c a t ion l e a�n to to p o in t ou t an examp le o f where the Depar tme n t has wa s t e d money me ant: for Ind ian educa t ion . 2 a t i o n f o r on e new te acher a t e a c h o f the last summer t r e a t Ind i�ns the D e par tme n t go t E SEA Ti t l e f o r .s p e c i a l pr ograms in our s c ho o l s . The 1 0 3rd Leg i s l a ture made an appropr i ­ And l a t e Pa s s amaquoddy s cho o l s . I mon e y from t h e f e d e r a l gove rnme n t T <' s t ar t o f f u i t h t h e De par tmen t t o ok o n t hems e lv e s the r e s p on s ib i l i t y o f d e c id i ng how t o s p e nd the money wi tho u � c on su l t ­ i n g the Ind i a n s . I wou l d l ike to show you wha t happene d . A t P l e a s an t t he Po i n t a fu l ly qua l i f i e d t e acher was hired wi th s t a t e mon e y b u t Ti t l e I mon ey wa s re lease l e f t un s p e n t . �e f o r c e d t hem r e c en t ly t h i s money t o h i r e Ind i an t e a cher s ' s t i l l no t b e e n r e l e a s e d . t he s t and ard s they s pe n t our Ti t l e I mone y for a l e s s but there t o promi s e t o b u t o f c our s e t h e money has At Ind ian Town s h i p t he D e par tmen t d id no t b o ther to f ind a t e a c her who c o u l d me e t w e have money t o hire a a id e s , t e acher a t the t he 1 03rd Leg i s l a ture d emand e d ; qua l i f i ed t e a c her . so Now they say t ha t Pe ter Dana Po i n t s cho o l a t I nd ian Town s h i p i s no w a y o f s p e n d in g i t . te l l h i s D e par tmen t to t ake the f o l l owt h � t Ind ian t e a c her a id e s are hired imme d i a t e ly a t P l e a s an t ( 2 ) Have the Ti t l e I Poin t and Pe t e r D an a Po i n t a a 'we sugg e s t e d l a s t f a l l ; ( 3 ) S e e t h a t when the money r e p l a c e d that was s pe n t for the wrong purpo s e ; Leg i s l a ture a ppropr i a t e s money i n the f u ture , t ha t i t is s pen t in the way it wa s I wou ld ing s t e p s : l ike t o s e e Gover nor Cur t i s (1) me an t and no t b e a lway s see te l l us See left tha t to r o t they have in to the Memb e r s o f t he D e par tmen t the g u id e l ine s ; " we wou ld l ike t o S ta te ' s pocke t . "work und er t hem d o t h i s . ( con t inue d ) / �Here i s ano ther examp le of how the Departmen t of Ed uca t ion opera t e s on down to the Ind i an Town s hi p Reserva t ion to d i s cu s s s cho o l wh i ch is there w a s money from t he De par tmen t came In S e p t ember o f 1 9 6 8 two o f f i c i a l s the re s erva t ion s . the l o ca t ion o f the new supp o s e d to be bui l t on the Town ship t h i s ( They mad e the s ame promi s e a t Ple a s a n t Po in t . ) and the They s a id They s a id t ha t the · s cho o l wou l d b e f i n i s hed b y S e p t ember 1 9 6 9 i f w e approved t he However , summer . to bui ld a s choo l w i t h 2 c l as s rooms and an a l l - purpo s e room. i t was a controve r s i a l l o c a t ion be cause s i t e which t hey sugge s t ed . it wa s t he b a s eb a l l d i amond only re crea t ion area on the r e s erva t i on and a l o t of Ind ian s had a l o t of t ime and money When p e o p l e s a id a new r e c r e a t ion are a , they fe l t tha t the s t a t e had a r e s pon s ib i l i ty the o f f i c i a l s be came agre s s ive . ab s o l u t e ly impo s s ib l e . p laye r s or good spen t to b u i ld i t . The o t her one s a id , s tud e n t s ? " as One "Hhat d o you wan t ? i f he a l one c ared about to bui ld s aid tha t it was Good bal l the educa t ion of our ch i l d ­ A f t e r 2 mon ths o f b i ckering they s a id i t wa s t he r e s pons ib i l i ty o f the r en . �o D e p ar tme n t to r e p la c e t he area and s o they add ed con s t r u c t { ou cou ld b e corup l c te d , more mon ths onto when the for no good rea son . Then j u s t r e c e n t ly we found ou t tha t the s cho o l s wou l d n o t have 2 c l a s s ­ Thi s came to us as a rooms at a l l but only one b e c au s e o f r i s ing co s t s . I f ind i t hard to b e l i eve the Depar tmen t . so comp l e t e ly ignoran t of i the r i s i ng co s t prob lem b a ck gre a t surpr i s e from some one n o t in t hat the D e p ar tmen t was in Sep tember when they made the b ig promi s e of a 3 room scho o l . And i t i s comp l e t e ly wrong tha t t hey d id no t kee p u s informed regard ing a l l chang e s and d i f f icul t i e s when they came up , of keeping thi s a s e cre t . as they had promi s e d us in S e p tember , I b e l ive i t is Governor Cur t i s ' in s t ead r e s pon s ib i l i t y to go t o t he 104th Leg i s la ture. for emergency fund s t o guaran t e e the type of s chool promi s e d t o u s . R e c en t ly , one of the s e s ame o f f i c ia l s s aid t ha t there wa sn ' t enough money wou ld be g o ing to for 3 rooms at the Leg i s la ture Po i n t and 4 a t P l e a s an t Poin t . the D e p artmen t for on e add i t i ona l c l a s s room at Pe ter D ana La s t week we learned the re que s t was in a bond i s sue ?nd wou ld no t be ava i l ab le un t i l the o f f i c i a l was it d id n o t ma t t er tha t each r e s erva t ion becau s e 1 9 70 if the i s sue p a s s ed a t a l l . When to ld t h i s he ac t e d surpr i s ed and s aid he d id no t know i t . f e e l i t i s h i s b u s ine s s educat ion . to know . Til i s i s I the i n t e r e s t t hey show abou t Ind ian Ano ther exampl e o f the D epar tment ' s was t e o f money and o f the qua l i ty o f i t s per s onne l i s t h e pre s e n t Ind ian Adu l t Edu cat ion pro j e c t . The d ire c t or of that pro j e c t it s eems ha s worked to d e s t roy what programs we have on the r e s erva t ion . S he worked hard to b lock forma t ion of s ch o o l board s on the r e s ervat i on s . She campaigned for the c l o s ing of Ind i an s c hoo l s and again s t the hiring o f a d ir e c t or o f Ind ian educ at ion . t he p e o p l e , she r e fu s ed t o for Ind ian s in o t her d e p ar tmen t s wh i c h had had a very favorab l e re spon s e for Ind ian s b e fore . a t ion to them . She s u c c e eded in d i srupt ing b o t h coIIilllun i t i e s by medd l ing i n F o r over $ 30 , 00 0 in s t a t e fund s s h e o n l y h e l d 2 c l a s s on the re s erva t ion and thi s wa s in (U. s. She s e t up dr iver educ a t io n c las s e s m i l e s away from t h e r e s erva t ions and d id no t s u p p l y any tran s por t ­ tribal po l i t i c s . no r e s p e c t to a l l but to do . She mad e enemie s 25 and s e t them up ; s e t up adu l t e duca t ion c l a s s e s on the re s erva t ion a s s h e w a s a sked many time s i n Calai s , Her j ob wa s t o g o around a s k them what sor t o f programs they wan ted , Ind ian Af f a ir s ) to try to imp o s e her p hi l o s ophy on u s , Commi s s i oner Benne t t and one o ther man . for Pa s s amaquoddy cu l ture , her grand chi ldr en" and tha t our She showed s ay ing we were n o t r e a l ly Ind ians " l ike language s h e or any o t her whi te p e r s o n know ab ou t how to s p eak one s e s s ions br inging is l ike p idgeon Eng l i sh ; wha t d o e s Ind i an language s when they don ' t know thems e lve s ? I f e e l tha t i t i s G overnor Curt i s ' re s pon s ib i l i ty t o s e e that sonn e l d o no t b e come invo lved in r e s erva t ion po l i t i c s ; ( c on t inued ) (2) ( 1 ) hi s per ­ tha t a l l ind ividua l s �a p p ly ing for po s i t ions invo lv ing Indian educa t i on be Governor s o r t h e i r re pre s e n ta t ive s ; and (3) s creened by the Tr ib a l tha t t h e tribe be g iven t h e power to fire incomp e t e n t people involved in Ind ian affair s . La s t year we heard about the pos s ib i l i ty of ge t t ing a Mod e l Scho o l program for on e of the re s erva tion s cho o l s . fede r a l money migh t b e go t ten . and many p e o p l e were s en t Now learn tha t due we of money wi l l be very runn ing i n Maine to It was hoped tha t as much as A E SEA Ti t le b u t w e would to do the sma l l and come thi s year . l ike tha t if we g e t fund e d at a l l , out o f wha t I r e a l i ze is l e f t over the amoun t from pro j e c t s tha t the S t a t e h a s commi t ted i t s e l f their need i s W e have no d e s ir e to take money away from o t her s cho o l s same for f ar we have in to Ar izona t o view o t her Ind ian edu ca t ion pro j e c t s . some mix-up t o o'ther s c ho o l s which a lr e ady have programs , b u t w e que s t ion if a s gre a t a s our s . $ 1 2 5 > 000 III p lann ing gran t wa s ob tained to s e e some re s pon s e s from our repre sen t a t ive s i n Washing ton the Pa s s amaquoddy as was done for the whi te schoo l s . So s e en t hem make no v igorous a t temp t s to he lp the Ind i an s of Maine . We a s k t he p e o p l e of Maine to t he ir r e pre s en t a t ives Governor Cur t i s . to suppor t us and to make in Augu s ta , Thank you . the ir opin ion s known to our congr e s smen and senator s , and to S incere ly , I sl John S t evens Governor John S tevens Ind ian Town ship Re s erva t ion I ND IAN AFFAIRS S TUDY COMMITTEE GETS DG!N TO BUSINE SS A special l e g i s l a t iv e j o in t commi t tee created to s tudy s t a te admin i s trat ion o f Ind i an a f f a ir s held i t s f ir s t mee ting Thur sd ay and made plans s io n s and a pub l i c hearin g . S e n . B enne t t D . Ka t z , R-Augu s t a , shown " ex t raord inary intere s t " s t a t e depar tmen t cre a t e d i n cha irman , said the commi t tee has in the prob lems of the Ind ians and o f the sma l l 1965 t o he l p the two t r ib e s w i th their prob lems . The pane l was cre a t e d to f ind ou t o ve r s pend ing i t s the for more s e s ­ for the l eg i s l ature why Ind ian we i fare a l lo tmen t s . Kat z s a id pr e l iminary ind icat ions are the depar tmen t i s that " admin i s trat ion is loo s e • • • bu t i t ' s a que s t ion more o f the need for add i t iona l s ta f f than o f any casual a t t i tude" about money . A f t e r t a lking w i th repre s en t a t iv e s of Edward C . Hin ck l ey , Maine has done in the pa s t o f pride • • • • t he t r ib e s and w i t h Commi s s ioner Ka t z s a id t he commi t tee con c lud ed there are "very few things to give e i ther the Ind ian s or the s t a t e a s e n s e no thing but cre a t e a ho ld ing ac tion • • • which has drained t h e Indian o f ini t ia t ive and enthu s ia sm for a produ c t ive l ife . " Bu t he s a id the work o f t he new d e par tment s eems to have produced "a g l immer o f l i f e " and t h a t educa t ion and hou s ing e f f or t s a r e having a not iceab l e impa c t . (From the Kenne b e c Journa l , 2/ 2 1 / 6 9 ) PUBLIC INVITED T O INDIAN LEC TURE S A s er ie s o f 3 l e c ture s from the Co lby Co l lege Adu l t Educa t ion Cour s e i n " The Red Man ' s Burden , " w i l l be o p en to t h e genera l pub l i c . there wil l be a d i s cu s s ion b e tween Mr . Wayne Newe l l , a Pa s s amaquoddy and Mr . Duane B irdb e ar , a Mand an - Hid a t s a from North Dako t a , on the I nd i an A f f a ir s , On March 3 , Ind i a n , v iews of young Ind ian s t oday . The d if f erenc e s b e tween the b l a ck and Ind ian c iv i l r i gh t s movement s w i l l b e touched upon . Dr . W i l l ard Walker of We s le yan Univer s i ty w i l l l e c ture on the cul ture And on e i ther Mar ch Newe l l and o ther Maine Ind ians The s e l e c t ure s wi l l d i s c us s the s i tuat ion and reac tion s o f Maine Ind ian s today . wi l l b e in Room 208 o f the Love j oy Bui ld ing at Co lby , un l e s s o t herw i s e announc ed . and l anguage of 31 or Apr i l 7 t h e Pa s samaquoddy Ind ian s on March 1 7 th . ( f inal d a t e to b e announced ) Mr . �( 25 ) FUNDING OF I�IDIAN TRAINING COORDINATOR DELAYED A F ebruary 1 9 th memorandum from Maine Emp loymen t Se cur i ty Commi s s ion Chairman Jame s S choen tha ler to Pas s amaquoddy Tr ibal o f f i cia l s , ind ic a t e s tha t fund s for an Ind ian Training Coord ina tor ' s po s i t ion on the Ind ian Township Re servat ion have no t yet been ob tained . nie po s i t ion of Ind ian Training Co ord inator was a key e l ement in las t July ' s Memorandum of Under s tand ing b e tween the Ind ian s and o ff i c i a l s of the Georgia-Pac i f i c Corpora t ion , re lat ive t o di spu t e s over the company ' s fores try prac t i ce s on the Ind ian Township Re s ervat ion . ( See Ju ly ' 68 News l e t ter , page s 1 - 2 ; Augus t New s l e t ter , page s 1 1 - 1 3 . ) The agreement s p e c i f ied that " a t leas t one Ind ian experienced in pulpwood harve s t ing w i l l be emp loyed as a Training Coord ina tor " w i th the company pay ­ ing at leas t Federal minimum wages to the Coord inator and be ing re imbur sed with Depar tment o f Labor fund s . One of the main fun c t ions of the Coord inator was to improve connnun ica tions bea�een Ind ian traine e s or employe e s and the company . The MESC ob t ained the Amer ican Pulpwood Asso ciat ion as prime contractor for t he spec ial fores try training and employmen t program which the agre ement spe l led out , and training s tar ted on Sep tember 9, 1968 . I t wasn ' t un t i l late October tha t i t became known that no Ind ian Coord inator had been hired b e cau se the APA c ontract permit ted on ly one d ay o f " superv i s ion" for every 7 trainee s , and at the t ime there were only 5 tra inee s enro l led in the program , plus 9 recru i t s who had been emp l oyed without any training being required . A waiver wa s ob tained from the Dept . of Labor on this contractual re s tr i c ­ t ion and fo l l owing some more de lay s , recru i t ing f o r t h e po s i t ion conunenced , with the company interviewing 6 Ind ian app l i can t s for the po s t . By this t ime , however , in early January , i t deve loped that the l a s t c l a s s of trainee s w a s due t o complete the ir program on January 1 0 t h and that tpe APA t o tal contract expired on February 7 th . Ef for t s to ge t permis s ion from the Depar tm.ent of Labor to re imbur s e the company for the Coord ina tor 1 s wag e s for that one mon th period fai led , due to there being no trainees actua l ly enro l led a f t er January 10th . Effor t s made by Ind ian Affair s Commi s s ioner Edward Hinckley to obtain emergency fund s from the Labor Depar tmen t for the one month period a l s o failed . S choe n thaler ' s memo conc lude s by repor t ing that Hin ckley , on February 4th , submi t ted to the regional (Boston) office of the Labor Departmen t ' s Manpower Admini s trat ion a formal pro j e c t propos al for fund s to re imbur se· the company for On February 1 2t h , Hinckley the Coordinator ' s po s i t ion for a one -year per iod . was informed that the propo sal wou ld be forwarded to t he Manpower Admin i s trat ion in Washing ton w i th a favorab l e r e connnendat ion regard ing i t s fund ing . The Manpower Admin i s trat ion in Washing ton has recen t ly e s tab l i shed an " Ind ian d e sk" headed by Mr . D a l e Hing , h ims e l f an Indian . Copie s o f the memorandum o f the 1 9 th were a l s o sent to o ther par t ie s t o the July agre eme n t - t h e Pas s�maquoddy Connnuni ty Ac tion Program , t h e Georg ia­ Pac i f i c Corporat ion , and the Roman Catho l i c D ioce sean Divis ion of Indian Service s a s we l l as t o Governor Kenneth M . Cur t i s . At pre s en t , two a l l - Ind ian 5 -man f or e s try crew s are emp loyed on Ind ian Township . • • • NO INDICTMENTS No ind i c tmen t s wer e r e turned by a Washing ton Coun ty grand j ury af t er cons ider ing a l l egat ions o f police bru ta l i ty on Indians at the Pas samaquoddy Pleasan t Poin t Re serv a t ion in Perry . The grand j ury r o s e Monday a f t er cons id ­ ering this and o ther cas e s for four day s . The s e s e s s ions are not pub l i c . The grand j ury hearing on the po l ice mi s treatment complain t s was r e que s te d At the time this w a s announced , by S ta t e Pol i ce Chie f Parker F . Henne s sey . (Con t inued on Page 2 6 ) �( 26 ) (Con t inued from Pago 25 ) At torney General Jame s S . Erwin was quo ted as say ing , " Th i s wi l l be the be s t way t o ge t this mat ter cleared u p one way o r the o ther . " Several Pa s s amaquoddy Ind ians c l aim they were beaten or manhand led by po l i c e at the r e s erva t ion af ter a brawl b e tween Ind ians and two po l i ce o f ficers on a highway near the r e s erva t ion on Sep tember 3 , 196 7 . F o l l owing the affray on the h ighway , three car load s of s ta t e trooper s , deputy sher i f f s and ward ens d e s cended on the re s erva tion in an a t tempt to round up Ind ian par t i c ipan t s . Three Indians were convic ted and a four th pled gu i l ty to a var i e t y of charge s , inc lud ing a s s au l t , s t ennn i ng from the inc iden t . Prev iou s ly Governor Kenne th M . Cur t i s had ordered the S t a t e Po l i ce to inve s t igate charges of po l i ce mi sconduct in the case . A pre l iminary repor t , based s o l e l y on the t e s t imony of police invo lved in the case , exonera ted their behav ior . Co l . Henne s sey s aid Tuesday that the pre l iminary repor t wi l l no t be the f ina l word on �he sub j e c t from his de par tmen t . He p lan s to confer with Gover ­ nor Cur t i s , the o ff icers invo lved , pr inc ipa l s in the Machias he aring and his own inve s t iga tor s " to s ee what we can do to make this as c lear as po s s ib le . " Tile Governor ' s Ta sk For ce on Human Righ t s re cen tly a s s er ted that Maine Ind ians are sub j e c ted to " sy s tema t i c po lice harras smen t . " (From the Maine Time s , 2 / 2 1 / 6 9 ) GOVERNOR ' S S PECIAL ME SSAGE O N EDUCATION Governor Kenne th M. Cur t i s ' spe c i a l me s sage on education , pre sented to 1 04 th Leg i s l a ture on February 1 1 t h , con tains the f o l l owing s t atemen ts : ' To improve the Educ a t ion of Ind ian s on Re serva t ion s , I have inc lud ed in the budge t recommended fund s for three leaders to in i t iate a kindergar t en program on each re serva ­ Fund s are a l s o t ion and a supervi sor o f Ind ian educa t ion . inc luded to p a y f o r general evening s cho o l s a�d adu l t bas ic In a separa te bond i s sue deal ing with educ a ti on cour s e s . Ind ian Af fair s , $ 1 2 5 , 000 is re que s ted to con s truc t f ive clas s ­ rooms . I a l s o suppor t permi s s ive Leg i s la t i on to permi t the Ind ian trib e s , if they d e s ire , to have commi t te e s of triba l member s w i t h cer tain re spon s ibi l i t ie s o f local s choo l board s . " The me s s age �l s o po in ted up the importance of several leg i s la t ive b i l l s whi ch cou ld a l s o bene f i t Maine Indian s - one wou ld make kindergar ten programs man­ datory , e f f e c t ive July 1 , 1 9 7 1 . Ano ther woul d au thor ize the Commi s s ioner of Educa t ion to approve b i - l ingual educat ional t e chn i ques in the e l emen tary grade s . t he LEGI SLATIVE NEW S 'IWO BILLS HEARD Other than the D epar tment o f Indian Af f a ir s ' hearings b e fore the Appropr i ­ a t i on s Commi t te e ( o n i t s Par t I budge t and on an emergency reque s t for $ 50 , 00 0 ) and the hearing of the 3 Hous ing Author i t ie s before the same Commi t tee , only two o ther Ind i an b i l l s have so far been heard thi s s e s s ion . One o f the s e , L . D . 3 3 1 (An Ac t Appropr iat ing Fund s to Upd ate the Surveys of Penob s co t Tr ib a l Land s ) was heard by the Appropr i a t ions Commi t tee on F ebruary The Ac t reque s t s 1 1 th , f o l lowing the Ind ian Hou s ing Au thor i t ie s ' hear ings . a n appropr ia t i on o f $ 5 , 000 t o the Fore s t Commi s s i oner t o "update the survey s o f the Penob s c o t 'Tribal I s l and s in the Penob s co t River b e tween Old Town and Mat t awamkeag for purpo s e s of c lar ify ing ind ividual t i t le s . " A s imi lar reque s t was �ede t o the 103rd Leg i s lature , but l o s t i n f iQal a c t ion on the Appropr iations " tab le . " Approve d by the Penob s co t Tr iba l Counci l , thi s b i l l was in troduced by (Con t inued on Page 2 7 ) �(27) ( Continued from Page 26 ) Carey pointe4 out tha t normal Repre senta t ive Ri chard Carey , D -Wa terv i l le . practice is to "perambu late" town lines every 5 year s if they are no t "mom.,Jmen t ­ ed " and every 1 5 years i f they have markers ; in the case o f the Penob s c o t land s , they have not b e e n re surveyed s ince 1 8 3 5 -3 9 . I n response to que s t ion­ ing by the Commi t tee as to whe ther $ 5 , 000 wou ld be a suf f icient amoun t for the j ob , Ind ian Commi s s ioner Edward Hinckley exp lained that it would be suf fic _ient to make a s tar t , par t icu l ar ly on Ind ian I s land and re lated to areas und er con s id er a t ion now by the Tr ib a l Hous ing Authority for new home con s truc t ion and for san i t a tion fac i l i tie s . A number of tribal members cau t ioned the Commi t te e that the Penob scot Tribe i s very " touchy" about land and t i t le ques tions , and wondered if a survey wou ld be advisab le at thi s time . Repre sent a t ive Carey a l s o sugge s ted tha t a general survey of a l l the i s land s migh t we l l reveal tha t some of them have d i s appeared as t he re su l t of increased water leve l s in the Penob s c o t River , and sugge s ted that the Tribe should have thi s informa t ion in case i t wi shed to make a c laim again s t the s t a te for dam�ge s . At tha t point I� one of the trib a l members said with a laugh , "A c laim agains t the S ta t e ? that cas e , I ' m in f avor of the survey . " The o ther b i l l , L . D . 4 7 6 (An Ac t Re lating to Reg i s trat ion and Licen s ing of Dogs on Ind ian Reserva t ion s ) was heard by the Legal Affairs Commit tee on February 1 8 th . Re que s ted by the Pleasant Point Tr iba l Counc i l , and spon sored by Repre sent a t ive Kenne th Mi l l s , n �Eas tport , thi s b i l l wou ld g ive to the Ple a s ­ ant Point tr ibe the oppor tun i ty whi ch the Penob s co t s have had s ince 1 9 1 7 to l i cense and reg i s ter dogs on the reservat ion . The Commi t tee d i s cus sed 3 pos s ible amendmen ts to the word ing of the b i l l . One would cons i s ten t ly make the law app licab le to a l l person s re s iding ,on the 2 re serva t ion s in que s t ion - not j u s t to tribal member s . Ano ther wou ld , in a c cordance with S ta te cu s tom , provide for a paymen t for spayed female dog s on the s ame b a s i s as male dogs ( $ 1 . 2 5 ) ; the third wou ld provide for a 2 month ins te ad of a 1 month - per iod b e tween the dead line for reg i s t ra t ion and the Commi s s ioner i s suance o f warrant s to permit unregis tered dogs to be k i l led . Hinckley s ta ted tha t he did no t be l ieve ei ther the Penob s c o t or Plea s ant Po int Coun c i l s would ob j e c t to the se change s in the b i l l , but that he cou ld no t s ay for sur e . So far , ne i ther the Appropr ia t ions or the Legal Affairs Commi t tees have repor ted on any of the Ind ian b i l l s which have been heard by them . PLEASANT POINT NEVJS Dana Al tva ter had a par ty to ce lebrate his 8 th b irthday on January 2 1 s t . Hi s c la s smat e s he lped him c e l ebrat e . Mr . Dunning , f ir s t s e l ec tman o f Jones por t , spoke on local government on January 2 3rd a t the Tr ib a l Ha l l . He explained how a town i s run through i t s voted o f f i c ia l s . The �P , wi th Pre s en t were memb er s o f both reservat ion s . the cooperat ion o f Mr s . Alyne Ward·, Pro j ec t D irector o f Adu l t Educa t ion , s e t the mee t ing up . Re fr eshmen t s were served af ter the mee t ing . A cake s a l e s pon sored by the American Leg ion Auxi liary o f Eas tport was held and condu c t ed by Margaret Mi t che l l ' at her home on January 2 6 t h . Margaret is a member o f the Aux i liary . Pre s . Jeane t te Moore pre s ided over the busine s s mee t ing of the Women ' s Club on January 2 7 th . Plans were made to ho ld a cake sale s o we wou ld have money in r e s erve to carry ou t our pro j e c t s , s ince our funds are �ather low . The c lub has pur cha s ed remnan t s to make qui l t s . An open inv i t a tion l°s ext ended to a l l t he women , to j o in the c lub . Refreshment were s erved and game s p l ayed af ter the mee ting . Jo s eph Nicho l a s , Melvin Franc i s , Sab a t i s Mi t che l l and Fred Fran c i s were ( Continued on Page 28 ) �( 28 ) (Con t inued from Page 2 7 ) among the member s o f the Knigh ts of Co lumbus o f E a s t port who were ins t a l l ed as o f f icer s a t a j o int me e t ing with the S t . Cro ix Council of Ca lais on January 30th . Every Mond ay even ing af ter the regu lar CCD c l as s e s of rel i gion by Fa ther Ni cknair , the teenagers enjoy a live ly game of ping pong in the Tr ibal Hal l . Mr s . Mary Cre igh ton , E l la Cre igh ton and Mr . Char l e s Newe l l o f Cambr�dge , Ma s s . were cal led home las t week due to the death o f their un cle Frank Newe l l , who d ied in a Cal a i s Ho s p i t a l on January 3 1 s t . He had lived in Prince ton . Among h i s re lat ive s here he leave s his mo ther , Mr s . E l i zabeth Lacoute , age 8 6 . The v i t a l s t a t i s t ic s report l i s t s 3 7 2 people living on the r e s erva t ion in 1 9 6 8 . There have been four young men who €.n l i sted in the Mar ine s dur ing the month of January . They are Dale Mi t che l l , David Homan , Frederick Franc i s , Jr . and Reg ina ld S tanley . They are s ta t ioned in Parr i s I s land in s . c . where they wi l l comp l e te their b a s i c training . Mr . and �r s . B i l l Ruper t , the VISTAs a s s igned to Plea sant Point , have been furn i shed a car by t he S ta te for the durat ion of the ir s t ay . Y s . Ruper t ir teache s the kindergar ten c l a s s which has 2 boys and 10 gir l s . She Mi s s Deanna Francis i s curren t ly emp loyed in San Franc i s co , Cal i f . i s the daugh ter of Mr . and Y s . Frederick Francis . � George Fran c i s spent a few days in the Eas tport Ho spi t a l as a re su l t o f t h e f lu . H e i s f ine again and made a t r i p t o Augu s ta with our Governor thi s week . Gov . Eugene Francis l e f t for Augu s t a on February 5 th to at tend leg i s la­ t ive mee t ings concerning the Hou s ing Au thority , of which he i s chairman . Mr . �nd Mr s . Fran c i s Sap i e l are the proud paren t s o f a baby boy born on February 3rd at the Ea s t port Memorial Hos p i ta l . Th i s make s 9 children for the Sapie l s . Congratulat ions �re be ing ex tended to Mr . and Mr s . Raymond Moore on the bir th o f a baby boy born on the same day . Mrs . Mary S ap ie l was gue s t o f honor at a baby shower on Sund ay , February 9th , given by the Women ' s Club . S i s ter Eugenio , S i s ter Beatrice and S i s ter Oliver were t here as we l l as many o ther women from Pleasant Po int . Mr s . Sapiel rece ived many l ove ly gif t s , and af ter a l l had been opened , re fre shmen t s were s erved . (From The Quoddy Tid e s , Eas tpor t , 2 / 14 / 6 9 ) INDIAN EDUCATION PROGRAM WILL B E S TUD IED BY CURTIS AUGUS TA - Gov . Kenneth M . Cur t i s w i l l mee t here Wedne sd ay with o ffi ci als from the S tate Depar tmen t o f Education to d i s cu s s charge s by Pa s samaquoddy Ind ians that the d epar tment is not conduc t ing a proper Ind ian education program . The governor me t w i th members of the adv i s ory board of the Divis ion o f ' Ind ian Service s and Tr ibal Governor s and Leg i s lative Repre sentatives Tue s ­ At the conclus ion of the mee t ing d ay af ternoon t o d i s cu s s the same sub j e c t . in h i s o f f i c e , Cur t i s promi s e d the group he would take the mat ter up with educat ion d epar tment o � f i c ia l s . In an open le t ter Monday to the c i t i zens of Maine from Pa s s amaquoddy Gpvernor John w. S teven s o f Indian Town ship (see page s 2 2 - 24 , this i s su e ) a pproved by the adv -i sory group at an Old Town mee t ing - S tevens charged that the d epar tmen t "has not hand led re spons ib l y money meant for Ind ian educat ion . " we He charged tha t Indians have been mi s l ead and " forced t o d o things He fur the r said that federal monies have e i t her been d id no t w i s h to do . • • " mis spen t or unp s en t , and promis ed r e s ervat ion s cho o l s have shrunk to l e s s er s tructur e s than or ig inal ly contemp l a t ed , and that one depar tmen t - s anct ioned worker has "medd led in tr ib al po l i ti c s . " The New s le t ter und er s tand s that (From the Bangor Dai ly News , 2 / 2 6 / 6 9 . s en t to the Maine Congre s s ional d e leg·"ltcs ) copies of Gov . S t even s ' le t ter have b een _ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Feb. 1969) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-455 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/0d0e25da4eed106f2bf36472866e0d22.pdf 19ee988bea175f7ee92497d5f1a31543 PDF Text Text �������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Feb. 1972) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bowdoin College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Siobhan Senier Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Bowdoin College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Available Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available. June 3, 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-372 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/acc6c6d057d89d8c2bad4c4f97d80e73.pdf 5f65d762411b7034a2396612c4c294ac PDF Text Text MAINE �.INDIAN N E W S L ·E T T E R VOLUME 1, NUIVIBER 6 JANUARY 1967 INDIAN RESERVATION SCHOOLS TO BE INSFSCT:CD The three Maine Indian reservatio�s �ill have their sc11ools inspected federal official of the U.S. Depart �nt of He<llth, �duc�tion and .ielf&re. HEW contends that ti-ie schools are in violc:.,tion of the Civil Rishts itct of 1964. This announceraent ca&e in answer to the telebra� sent by, GovernorCur­ c<nd Comvisioner of Indian J-1.ffairs, tis; Com,.1isi·oner of Education, Logc..tn; Hinckley, which requested a review of the threatening situation to �ithhold federal funds from the sto.. te 1 s Education Depurt .ient. (A co;y of Gov. Curtis 1 telegram follows this article.) The HE· re2resentative, Theron Johnson scheduled a �eating on January 27th, and will spend as much tifile as nece�3�ry to loo� into the situation. by a GOV"SRNOR Clr:?TIS .SE.ms TELt;GR•·ci The Governor of t:iaine, Kenneth ·!. Curtis sent a telegrnm to the U. Office of Education about the Civil qights hCts ,�it a�plies to the Maine The text of the telegrl: follows: Indian children. 11i�1r. David. S. Seeley, Assistant ComuJisioner · .,,-..'CAL �Due l'IGr�1�L O:.? 0 TUF"ITI-:s .L ROGR.-tr; Office of Education U :ashington, D.C. 20202 • • • As a result of your letter of August 3u, 19u01 &nd subsequent recent action by the Maine St· te Board of Education in prepar­ ing ap roprinte leGislntion for cowpliance, serious questions have been rnised �vithin the Der--c.�rt··ent of :,�ducation, Depart"1ent of Indi�n Affairs, Ro�an Catholic.Diocese of Fortland, �ewbers of the State Le�islature and the Governors of the Penobscot and Passanaquoddy Reservations concerning the infor1.!ation on which your opinion was based. On behalf of the State of Maine, in conjunction with Commis�ioner nd Cow: -issioner Hinckley of the De!>artment of Indian Affairs, Logan of the Department of �ducation, I urgently request that you or a representative of your office coille to Maine as soon as possible to conduct a detailed personal investigation of the current program for the �ducation of our Indian children, to consult with the agencies �entioned above, and to report to me your findings. It is the aim of this Administration to provide the best possible educational oyportunities for all J\·laine children including Indian children and in addition to ensure that this stEte.is in coillpli­ ance with all provisions of the Civil Right� f ct." �(2) IND IAN Gonm 'ORS S.t-Eru".. OUT MaiDe IDdians Make Plans To Oppo&e Any E fLar t T o C lose T h e i r ,ch o ols b y B ob Dr e w Augus t a and many - The of Mai n e 's in pr o t e a t T h is t ime ove r what it ''G r e e t \t'J hi t e Fo.t he r " 1 , 200 t h e y consi d e r as ano t h e r is s£ho ols Le ad e rs of ( January 17 t h) in gt on C ount y, i n ,Jashin- t on r e se rva t i on Indians are on the t h e Passamaq u o d d y T r i�e at �nd Pie asan t the of r e se rv� tione . Faint has d o11e to i t again the veroal w�rpa th l one st ring of a injust ices . held counci l sessi ons T u e sday and Pe t e r Dana P e n obsc o t Tribe t aking had a oint Rcse rvd t i ons in s e ssi on sched ul�d trte iash ­ f o ll ow ­ ing ,Je dne sday e veni11.:; at O l d T own wi t h o f 1icials o f t h e dc.. i ne D e par t.nent of E d ucat i on and the i1'la ine D e par t went of Ind i2n Af fairs . S t i l l a t h i r d r.ae e t i ng was sche dule d T!iu rsday at Au gus ta �vh e re pre ­ t h e Maine R o man C a t h olic d i oce oe con f e r \Jil;ll e d ucc..t i o n c:.nd s e nt a t ive s o f t r ib al l e ad e rs. C ath olic nuns s t af f Ind ian l e ad e rs are the t h re e incense d b e cause e le �ent ary scho ols . t h e s t ate h�s s�id Jay have it t o cl ose t h e sch o ols 0c �use o f a U.S. Ofiice o f Educati on ruling th� t d o n o t c omp l y w i t h t h e C i vil Rign t s Ac t of 1964. T h is the Go v . "We feel and state our I n d i ans d eny . John Mi t che l l t ha t the of t h e Pe nobsc o t T r i b e f e d e ral g ove rnment mat t e rs wh ich hq_d o f Maine . t r e a t y right:s to Old T o�n, T h is we sa i d Je dnesday, of haine, the S t e.. te f o rme r ly hand l e d t r.bu l f e e l is a vi ola t ion o f ifvh e n t h e C om..... onw e a l t h t he S t a t e r e sp onsibili t i e s t hat had b e e n at ove rst e p}Je d i t s aut h or i t y in d o n o t conce rn i t . t r e a t y wi t h t h e S t a t e sold c•.ir they by o f I·iassachus e t ts of Ma ine assume d all t h e C ommonw e a l t h o f Mass­ achuse t t s. T h e s e t r e a t i e s s t i p u la t e .t ha t e ver y t r i b a l me w b e r sha ll n o t d e pr ive d o f h e a l t h, e d uca t i on an d we l f·r e . The f e d e ra l g ove rnme n t fe els that the St .::.. t e of ha ine is not be in c o m ­ p liance w i t h t h e C i vi l Righ t s l e gisla t i on o f 1964. � J e fe e l it is . " M i t che l l said t h e r e are p r e se n t l y Indi�n and n on- Ind ian st ud ents at t e nd ing t he the pas t . f ive , and field "We by the of of He Ind ian t ha t fee l sai d Island Sch o o l a t t ha t the Indian o ld e r st u d e n t s the state e ducat i on. p r e se n t s t at e go Old T own and t h is has happe ne d in Island Sch o o l is for grad e s one t o sch o o ls in O l d T own wh ich are is p r e se n t ly me e t ing i t s o b l i gat i ons t o us in t h e W e also f e e l w e a r e n o t b e ing discriminat e d agains t gove rnme n t ';" .Mi t ch e l l conc l u d e d . Tri b a l l e ad e rs a t b o t h Pleasant f i rm c onvict i on t ha t Point and Pe t e r Dana P o in t w e r e t he y w o u l d s t and sch o o l ch i ld r e n w h o a t t e n d grad es one t h e i r g r o und and n o t t h r o ugh f ive , the t o a t t e nd p u b l ic sch o o ls if r e se rva t i on sch o o l s t o o d w i d e Ona of t h e y d es i r e , open t h e s t r onge s t advoca t e s o f t inue d i n d e fini t e ly is J os e p h Nich o las, P oint t o a t t e nd what the t h e y sa i d t he The the gover nor l e ade r of the the fame d lnd ian dancing gr o up has m o ve d opp o r t un i t y t o acce p t can b e e v e n t ual assimi lat i on o f whi t e man's socie t y . " way t h e s t at e in t h is e f f o r t t he Nich' o las r e f e r r e d to the of r e ce nt of the r e j e c t i on of 1 on page 13) P l e asant o f E d uca t i on is a Indian r e se rvat i ons the i t a s a p e opl e , d e a l ing?" (C ont inue d of of tri b e sai d is h i g h l y und e m ocra t ic.· plan o r r e je ct accompl i sh e d b y t h is way t h r o ugh door r e s e r va t i on sch o o ls b e ing con­ a f o rme r Nicho las f e e ls t h e move by t h e S t a t e D e part m e n t to the their t h ose th ose s t u d e nts t o o . gr o u p . "s t e pping st one int o for but also p e rmi t o u t s i d e the r e se r va t i ons cal l t h e p ub l ic sch o o l sys t e m. T h e governors d i d h o w e ve r give appr ova l t o t hose in gr&d es six e ig h t t hr o u gh int e gra t e d. Ne " t he had n o I ask m y se l f, wha t a pr o p os e d Sch o o l Adminis­ �(3) E D I T 0 R I A L S THE HAil'iE IHDIAN .NF: !SLETTER EDITOR: EUGENIA T. ThOMPSON (Penobscot) The Maine Indian Newsletter is Maine's only state-wide Indi2n ne'.vsletter, and is free of charge. News and stories way be submitted to the Neivsletter by the 15tl1 of each �onth for that-month's publication at the following adlress� Pine Street Fre..J·>ort, Haine : 04032 (Tel � phone: 865-4253) Letters to the Editor are .telco1J1e but u.1ust con.i:o.cm to t;he rules required by ev�ry newspaper. They must bear the writer's correct name and address altl1ough pen ndmes are rJerILiitted at the discretion of the Eclitor. All letters wust be signed thou�h nR�es will be withheld fro� �ublication on request. Freference will be given to letters not over 350 words in length. Letters are subject to condensation or editing �hen space limitations reqtire. Pli.S8Ai Ji�-.;uoDDY GOif R1-0R CIJ.'ES J1IS FECFLE ON l•.ET' lIC IfiAUGU�. TIO!� To The People of the Pass[lli1aquoddy Tribe: I want to thank each of you who took part in the Inaugural Cere onies. This was the first tiiJe in the history of the Passa 1aquoddf Tribe thcit both ofthe governors (Indian �ownship and Pleasant Point Reserv2tions) were sworn into office at the same time. 11y thanks goes to Delia Mitchell for organizin� the Indian dancing group. This group was wade up of members of both reservati0ns and perfor.1ed durii1g the cere1.rnny. I a · very �'roud of each perfor..:ter and I vrnuld like to cor11rliment the;:.1 on their beautiful leather costu:.:es they ;.1ore. I would li.tCe to encourage �ore perforillances of these original Indian cere.:onial dances. I wish to thank each oi you for giving �e sup_ort and I pro. ise to do my best to l1elp each and every one of you during . .,y ter,; ns your governor. Honor&ry guests ·ere Colll11 issio.u.er Ed Hinckley and r·,r. L 1· rs. Don C. Gellers, Attorney for t11e Passa1 aq uoddy Tribe! I wis to ti_ .... 11.k Fa 1..'ier Pare 1.. and Father TJe_.!ilin for tn :ing part in the Inau ura.l :-uere onies 9-l1d also, for doing the (injun) far Dance. Sincerely yours Chief John Stevens Indian To �msllip Princeton, 'le. .• .... GLUSICliP 'fh LIAR & OtHER IHDIAi-1 TALES (See page 15 and 16) How curious it is to read this fine book on the Penobscot Indians �hen as a young Indian I never had the opportunity to listen in when the elders talked. Gluskap the Liar l, Other Indian T·1les by Horace P. Beck provides (Continued on Pa&e 4) ", �(4) (C ont inue d the f r o1.1 p a ge r e ad e r with Indian c u l t u r e . of tales o f the st ill b e l ieve d For �oving hist o r y whi c h p o in t s o u t Y o u w i ll Ind i ans t h r o ugh rr . t he so 3) fast a t ha t imacina�y to be wh o are est e d in d e e pe r s t u d y, (T he have f ind the , idst wi ll amuse w10 wai t ing on H t . t h e Indians y o u w i ll in t he c h ar a c t e r Gluskap a n d int e r e s t e d und e r s t anding o f y o u rse l f De c k's b o ok , t h e In d i ans w i ll t h ose f ind you vi t h e n t e r t a ining g r o up · olk l o r e i n ·11 o is tle ir his f r i e nd Kat adh in, Ka t adhin f i l l ing h i s t i p i with a rrowheads t he ir day and aven�e in samp).. ing t h e t his b o ok Mr. int e r e sti.1 fac e t s of o f an the l o r e and t o your li l. ing . wr ongs of tist ory . t h e hwn o r o us s i d e For Be ck has c ompi le d n o t e s t o as�ist Origi � al Ai e r i c an's f av o r i t e f o l l owing le t t e r was se n t Appr opr iat i o ns C ommit t e e b y t h e Ed i t o r to pasttiJte t h e C hai rraan of rvl10 a r e t h o se of you of in t e r ­ in d e e pe r o f s t ory - t e l l ing . the Le gislat ive t h e Ma i n e Ind ian Ne wsl e t t e r. ) D e ar Sir: Ove r the o f Maine . H e al t h and pe o p l e ye ars ·e l fare Maine , It and li t t le t h e stat e it for had to ove r was a n o b l e par t me nt b ut that to It be to has had t h e t he ye ars . ) ge st u r e be ap r o priat e d is my o f t he f e e l i ng t h a t the by appe a rs to of the 102nd L e gisla t u r e t h e Spe c in l Se ssi on . the Ind ians d o n o t t o qe the d one . A t r iµ c onsi d e r to the a D e ar E di t o r, A f t e r r e a d i ng y o u r D e c e mb e r issue I d on't b e l i e ve owne d b y t he Indians , t i o n t ha t I r.1e t Hr..;;. and her sist e r . fac i l i t i e s, and a n d n o t th e we inc l u d e would l ike We w o u l d t his l a d y has ab o u t calle d grant e d and pr ovi d e d t h e F lat s. (Par t s I and II) ind is c r iill i na t e l y b e gun by the w r i t t e n b y ".rs. for t� 103rd Le gis­ 102nd . was int e r ­ the c o r r e s­ I also want r ente d . and I t e n ye ars ag o, live I 'I'here sa :r:au l . by t o we n­ only Ind i an h ouse s t hett w e r e �ere t o se e a l l t h e l ike C e r tain ly, pr o p ose d or iginal b ud ge t y o ung gir ls, wh o f o r, c u l t ur e . t he arti c l e wr it t e n The i r h ou1e was a l l t he Ind ians, their c r e a t e a new d e ­ to be cut of t h e stat e the Ind ian N ewsle t t e r, o�es that we r e I visi t e d h e r aun t ab o u t q u o d d yand Mal ise � t . l ike of Br o oks ,tl e n t i on e d Paul wh e n we was l iving in a r e n t e d h ome. T h is w o u l d to so r e l ying on t h e life t h e H o u l t on Fla ts , Mr . t h ese t r uly yo urs, t h is lady und e rst o o d Jli.l orris Br o oks . to r e se rvat i ons wi l l show y o u t ha t better Ve ry pond e n t , the The Ind ians are pr omise s f o r l e t t e r ab o u t the by C omi11issi one r Hinckl e y whe n h e y o u wi ll the S t at e r e st o f funds we r e in r e a c hing tnis g oal . was )r e sen t e d . fulfill e s t e d i n the wish of t h e De p t . r e s e rva t i ons o f m one y in insu f f i c i e n t by tribute f o r th e isi on r e gard ing t h e Indian b udge t b u t I h ope is much work lat u r e (Th r e e t hat a l l D e pa r t 111e n t a l b u dge ts w e r e Gov e rnor, Ind i ans a s i t t h e re de inst r um e n t al It by the your p r ovi d e d r e s o u r ces t o re d e ve l op t h e i r appe ars t h is was consi d e r e d I h o�e use Even t h e n, h is b udge t . will be t he st a t e . c onsi d e rat i o n i n r e t urn t h e Ind ians . p r ovi d e d w i t h negle c t e d p e op l e a t h e sus t e nanc e has b e en a ve ry meager l965 wh o have given so much "Ind ian T r us t Fund" more Indians have b e en c onsi d e r up unt i l own land was ve ry of the Y o u migh t one and at kne w he r aun t , t ha t o f t.rn h o use s t ha t houdes have on t o see acre also the Ind ad e q uate Fla t s, an s have t iwe sh e had b a t hr o om fac i l i t ies . i•1i c - dac , Passama ­ ple asant we w o r i e s Sin c e r e ly, rlrs . Pa uli e :3ro oks S t e v e ns, Prin c e t on �(5) SUMMER WORK AMONG INDIAl�S BEING SET UP A new program for recruiting elementary teachers for worK among the Amer­ can Indians has been inaugurated with the issuance of a new civil service.exam-· ination 'for these positions The positions are located in the States wfie.re the Indian population is concentrated, principally in AlasKa, .AF�zona} Montana, New Mexico> and North and South DaKota. Fewer schools are in other States: Florida, Iowa; Louisiana: Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina} OKlahoma and Utah. The costs of travel to their first duty assignment may be paid by the Government for those who are appointed from this examination. Beginning teachers are paid $5,331 a year, and must have a bachelor*s de­ gree including appropriate elementary teacher training or eligibility on the National Teachers Examination. Others with additional experience and/or grad­ uate ed-ucation may qualify for higher level positions paying $6,451 and $7}696 a year. For complete information and instructions ask for Announcement VA-6-08 which you may obtain from Carl Mosher, located at RocKland Post Office, or you may write to the Interagency Board of U. S. Civil Service Examiners for New Mexico} 421 Golden Avenue} S W., Albuquerque} New Mexico} 87101. (From the Cour�er-Gazette, 12/27/66) CHIPPEWAS ON WARPATH, PALEFACES TASTE DUST When is an Indian not an Indian? An Indian is not an Indian when he is a "Wild Indian." Such, at least, is the view of the palefaces who handle advertising for the General Electric Co. It is not the view of the Chippewa Indian Tribe of Red LaKe, Minn. So the Chippewas hit the warpath, via Western Union, and Whaddaya know? For a change, it was the palefaces who bit the dust. It all began with a new ad for General Electric photo flashbulbs, headed: "When you decide to shoot wild Indians} you can*t afford to miss." The ad was built around a snapshot of some youngsters dresaed as Indians. As paleface parents know, "Wild Indians" is a more or less affectionate term for lively children. To the 4,800 Red Lake Chippewas, however, an Indian is an Indian and the term "Wild Indian" is a snide reminder of the bad old days. Accordingly, Roger Jourdain, who is chairman of the Tribal Council, weighed in with an indignant telegram to GE, saying) among other things: "You should be able to sell your product without resorting to this type of advertising." Shocked to the core at the thought of arousing the Red Man's long dormant hostility to the paleface} GE swiftly dispatched an emissary from its Cleveland office to offer the pipe of peace. "Wild Indians" in GE's context, the representative assured Jourdain, is a term of endearment. Jourdain declined to smoke the pipe. "It wasn't too endearing to us," he declared. "We're trying to coexist, and we take exception to this advertisement." James C. Forbes, GE marKeting manager, conceded. that the Chippewas might have a point. Plumping for conciliation, he announced: "We certainly had no intention of being derogatory to Indians. But we have canceled plans for any future use of this ad." (From the Portland Evening Express, 1/14/67) _ · �(6) INDIAN FAMILY IN FIT'ST REAL HOME THANKS TO GOVERNMENT PROORAM An Indian family of eight on the Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota re­ ceived a nice present from the federal government-it's first' houRe. Prior to that, Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Sharpfish and their six children, aged four months through seven, lived in an abandoned car, a trailer and a tent. They' ·d still be living in the tent, but it burned down. Four federal agencies have put up a total of �pl 7 million to build the Sharpfish house and 374 others on the Rosebud Sioux Reservation. The Sharpfish house is the first. It has a l iving room, Kitchen-dining room combination, two bedrooms and a bath. That's not much for a family of eight, but it's a lot better than an a­ bandoned car, a trailer or a tent. The house was prefabricated and assembled by fellow Sioux tribesmen under sKilled supervision. It was furnished with surplus furniture taKen from a Bureau of Indian Affairs school no longer in operation. The prefab unit was developed by the Batelle Memorial Institute of Columbus, Ohio, a non-profit corporation. It contains 620 square feet of living space and costs $3000. As the Sharpfish family's income grows, its house can be improved and ex­ panded. It has a stove and is designed sc that electricity and running water can be installed later. The Sharpfish family will pay $10 down and $5 month rent for the next five years. Components for the house were produced in a factory set up on the Reserva­ tion and staffed with 20 Indians, who are learning carpentry, plumbing, glazing, roofing and electrical wiring. After all 375 houses have been produced, the plant will try to supply the surrounding area with prefab homes and components. Here's a rundown on what each of the four federal agencies is supplying for the project: -The Department of Housing and Urban Development is providing the basic construction materials at a cost of $610,000. -The Office of Economic Opportunity is paying $642,000 for training and labor -The Public Health Service is providing water and sewage lines at a cost of $367,000. (From the Portland Sunday Telegram, 1/15/67) NEW ENGLAND VIGNETTES ( CHIEF'S LAST STAND ) Chief Black HawK of the Golden Hill Tribe of Pequot Indi9ns once made a pretty good living attacking wagon trains. That was 50 years ago when he was a member of Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show that barnstormed the nation featuring a mocH: Indian attack as part of its daily fare. Now the chief, also Known as Edward L. Sherman, 78, is retired to his quar­ ter-acre reservatipn in Trumbull, Conn. , and only occasionally breaks out his tribal headgear and peacepipe-never a war bonnet. He does watch the enactment of Indian.wars· on television even though he says "none of it is true " Sherman's reservation is believed to be one of the smallest in tbe world. It used to be 18 acres, but over the years the land was sold. Connecticut owns the land and takes care of major repairs on the house while Sherman handles the day-to-day upkeep. He pays no taxes. ( Continued on Page 7) �(7) NEW El'U LAND VIGNETTES .... (Continued from Page 6) The state welfare department says it does not Know how many members of the Golden Hill 'I1ribe remain, but only Sherman and wife live in their 125-year-old house on the reservation. Sherman can remember the days when he and his father could roam their acres and nearby fields and woods to hunt raccoon, �eer and sKUnK. 11S1rnnK>" he recalls, "now there's something good. If you Know how to dress it, it tastes liKe chicKen or better." (From the Portland Evening Express, 1/3/67) INDIAN FAMILIES ENJOY THEIR FINEST CHRISTMAS The 32 Indian families of this Upper Michigan Reservation enjoyed the best Christmas they've ever had. The families received hundreds of' presents, so many gifts, in fact, that they shared them with others in Upper Michigan. The food, clothing and toys poured into the tiny village by plane, truck and car. They replaced an earlier donation destroyed in a fire at a mission church Wednesday. The man whose concern for an Indian girl sparked the outpouring of goodwill returned to the reservation Saturday Harry Mitchell,48, a Port Huron telephone worker, arrived aboard a cargo plane carrying two tons of gifts for the 325 Chippewas on the reservation. The military transport flew from Selfridge Air Force Base near Detroit. Last month, while deer hunting, Mitchell came upon a little Indian girl standing barefooted in the snow in 12-degree ·leather. He told some of the tele­ phone company workers, who launched the first drive. Word of the fire spread rapidly, setting off the second drive to gather goods for the Indian families. By Saturday, some 7,000 pounds of gifts had been sent by people in Minne­ apolis; Muskegon, Mich. , and the Detroit area. More gifts were promised from Buffalo, Ky; Tipton, Ind. , and Neenah, Wis. Cash donations were also being sent to help rebuild the burned church. "Everyone has been wonderful," said Roy Cavanagh, president of the Bay Mills Indian Council. "I want to thank everyone for everything that's been done. " (From the Portland Press Herald, 12/27/66) INDIANS HANDLE SUDDEN WEALTH WITH CARE Their land lies hard by the shores of CooK Inlet and for countless decades the Tyonek people have waged unceasing war against hunger and hardship. Only 11 years ago, after a disastrous fishing season, thei chief appealed to the people of Anchorage, 50 miles east of here, for clothing and for food. "Our people do not want to accept charity," said Simeon ChicKalusion, the last hereditary chief. "They would much prefer to work, but there is no choice. Food is needed now." Today, the TyoneKs; only 265 strong, are one of' the richest of American In­ dian Tribes. Petroleu� companies, encouraged by substantial oil and gas discoveries on the Kenai Penirnmla and under the waters of CooK Inlet, two years ago paid the TyoneKs $11 9 million for drilling rights on 27,000 acres of Tyonek land. The Tyoneks �ere not dazzled by such a windfall. On the contrary, they have exhibited an amazing cpnservatism in hancUing their funds. (Continued on Page 8) �(8) INDIANS HANDLE SUDDEN WEALTH WITH CARE (Continued from Page 7) Their efforts have centered on im�roving their standard of living and in­ suring the financial security of tribal members, through tight control of the oil money they have received. Theirs has been a story of rapid progress, tinged with boGh humor and tragedy. After they accepted the $11.9 million, they were besieged by promoters and salesmen. Finally, their young elected chief, Alberts. Kaloa Jr., placed an advertisement in Anchorage newspapers, addressed to salesmen in general. "Don't call us. We'll call you. The scalp you save may be your own." Kaloa lost his life last Sept. 12 in an Anchorage hotel fire which claimed the lives of 13 other persons. His passing cast a pall over every member of the tribe. 11Kaloa was young, smart, with a tremendous amount of common sense," said Stanley J. Mccutcheon, the tribe*s attorney. The Tyoneks probably felt a keener sense of loss than if the death had taKen place in their own family. Besides the original payment, the TyoneK leases bring in an annual rental fee of $1.25 an acre and a 16 2/3 per cent royalty on all oil and natural gas prc�duction. The Indians also get free natural gas from wells drilled on the reservation One of the first acts of the Village Council, after the lease sale, was to pay of.f a ti·31,434 mortgage on the village store. Reconstruction of the village community hall came next. Then the council approved a 10-point program, including improvements to village roads, extension and expansion of the air strip, and health and welfare projects. The Tyoneks established a $200,000 trust fund to insure that Tyonek youngsters will always have the means to pursue an education. The village also adopted what it chose to call a family improvement plan, in which families are entitled to a base amount, plus $5,000 per person, to a maximum of $40,000 per family. Payments under the new plan have been rigidly controlled by the Village Council. No funds can be paid out until each family, regardless of its resi­ dence, whether in Tyonek or elsewhere, develops a sound plan for use of the money and it is approved by the Village Council. This year, the TyoneKs set up a $50,000 scholarship loan fund which will enable any Alaskan of native blood to take post-graduate col1ege worK. The past two years have seen completion of 59 pew homes at TyoneK, one for every family living here, and an eight-room guest house, at a total cost of $1.5 million. All homes are equipped with the most modern electrical appliances. For some 50 Tyoneks living in Anchorage, the Village Council constructed new homes at a total cost of some $500,000. The Village Council encouraged the buildi�g of duplexes and triplexes, to provide their fellow tribesmen with a continuing source of income as well as new housing. An investment program has given the TyoneKs controlling interest in an Anchorage-area utilities firm, complete ownership of a radio-television store in Anchorage and part ownership of an Anchorage firm dealing in the title a�d trust business. They also own a small commercial building in Anchorage and another building now under long-term lease to a nationwide business machine company. But the jewel in their investment program is a new $1 million office building in downtown Anchorage. It is known as the Albert S. Kaloa Jr. Memorial . Building, and is leased to the U. S. Bureau of Indian Affairs at $108,000 a year. "The Village Council has stacks of contemplated ventures under considera­ tion," Mccutcheon says, "but it is interested only in blue chip investments." The Tyoneks approved construction of �e Kaloa building prior to his death, on ground given to them by an Anchorage resident for that purpose. (Continued on Page 9) �(9) ( Continued from Page 8) "We have budgeted the money received from the oil and gas leases cc:.refully in order to provide for the future education of our children and to provide for housing for our people at Tyonek, " Kaloa wrote in the village Newsletter. "The balance of the money we must invest to make our program self-sustaining. Otherwise, our funds will be exhausted and our people will ultimately be reduced to that degree of poverty, hardship and suffering experienced over centuries." At Tyonek itself, the Bureau of Indian Affairs has completed a four-classroom school, with a paved outdoor play area and a gymnasium-auditorium, at a cost of $737, 000 Electricity for the village is supplied by a generator powered by free na­ tural gas from the one gas well drilled on the reservation. Another generator is en route to the village and arrangements have been made to sell the excess power to oil companies operating on the west side of Cool<: Inlet. Three other wells, drilled on the reservation, were dry, but oil exploration around the reservation continues and the Tyoneks have earmarKed, by resolution, any future royalties. The resolution specifies that if oil is found on the reservation� every other native in AlasKa will have the same opportunities which the bonus money gave the Tyoneks before they will spend one cent of the royalty money on themselves. Mccutcheon said the Tyoneks are extremely sensitive on this point; putting it this way: "It's pretty damned shocking to see the disease and actual starvation which occurs in some of Alaska's native villages. It's an old, old story: as the TyoneKs Know from bitter experience. They want to help. (From the Portland Sunday Telegram, l/ l/67) · PEOPLE Tecumseh Deerfoot Cook, chief of the PamunKey Indians of Virginia, drove up to the Seate House in Richmond last week and dragged a nine-point buck from the trunk of the 1967 Chevy. He was delivering his tribe's Thanksgiving tribute in lieu of taxes to Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr. When Deerfoot thumped out a for­ mal PamunKey hello on a tom-tom, Governor Godwin asked him to perform a tribal dance. Deerfoot declined. He explained that he had a sore foot. (From Sports :.P.lustrated, 12/66) MAINE COMMISSIONER SAYS INDIANS FACE SCALPING UNDER CURTIS BULDET The Maine Commissioner of Indian Affairs protested Friday that Indians in the State will get scalped if the budget as presented by Gov. Kenneth M. Curtis is approved by the legislature. Edward C. HincKley charged the Democratic chief executive "apparently no longer feels that any different approach or direction of programs involving In­ dians is necessary." He charged the budget as set forth by Curtis Thursday represented "a com­ plete turnabout" in the State's approach t o Indian affairs and said, "it gives us just a whisKer more than what we already have." The Department of Indian Affairs is new to the state and was the first such state-level department of its Kind in the nation. It came into being last Janu­ ary under_the 102nd Legislature following about 10-15 years of growing concern for the lot of the state's oldest citizens. Information reaching the Department in the first year of its existence indi­ cated Indian tribes in States across the nation are watching closely the develop­ ment and �rogress of Maine's unique social experiment. (Continued on Page 10) �(10) INDIANS FACE SCALPDG UNDER CURTIS (Continued from Page 9) EUCGET HincK}ey said the legislature has a clear cut choice. "It can say we have changed our minds about programs involvJng Iniiians and hence will not provide any funds to the Department, or it can say we realize that putting Maine's Indian affairs on a new trail will take an intial investment of the State's monies at a slightly higher level than had been true in the past," he said. Hinckley asked for $750,000 for the next biennium in current services and supplemental funds. This was slashed by about $243,000. He said the current yearly Indian affairs budget excluding capital improve­ ments is about $240,000 He requested a yearly gudget, excluding capital improve­ me.nts of about $300 a year for each reservation resident. Hinckley said the Department was created in response to a growing mutual concern among Indians and non-Indians aliKe. The State possesses two major tribes, the Passamaquoddy and Penobscot. Hincley said he came to Maine "to take charge of the mandate from the 102nd legislature and implement a creative approach to the problem. ' He said the department obtained emergency supplemental appropriations from the special session of the 102nd legislature which "literally Kept it (the de­ partment) from dying four months after it was born." "Right now this supplement is enabling the department to continue only the former level and type of services to Indians with practically no change or inno­ vations and certainly no expansion. " "It was supposed to be a time for change," he said' adding, "the governor was supposed to have an action plan." According to the Commissioner, about $70,000 in state funds was spent over the past 10 years for construction programs with no federal cost-sharing involved. "In considerable contrast, we are asl{ing the legislature for some $500,000 for the next two years which we expect to be able to match with an equivalent a­ mount of federal funds," he said. Hinckley said the "major problems facing Indians in the state are the results of a series of unfulfilled commitments from the past. " "Maine has never fulfilled its cotIUnitment to its Indians," he said. Some 2,000 Indians live in Maine, 1,200 on three reservations, and about 800 off the reservations. The commissioner said without constructive and cooperative worK to solve the problems of the first Americans, "what chance do we have to satisfy the needs of any of our citizens?" "The presence of these tribal tnembers·within the state should be a source of pride and honor to all ci.tizens. of Maine, instead of a source of confusion, em­ barrassment, shame and constant hostility," he said. When informed of Hincldey' s displeasure, Curtis said, "I felt that I could not endorse his request by 100 per cent. " "My budget does call for improvements for Indians living in Maine in addi­ tion to programs suggested by the Commissioner," he said. "Among those I recommended for Indians were improved educational programs for Indian children)" Curtis said. "We cannot go beyond our fiscal limits," the governor said. (From the Portland Pre!Ss Herald, 1/14/6�() �(11) E LEC T TRIBAL PENOBSCOTS OLD T O�N - inaugurat e d J o h n �ur ray Mi t che l l t r ibal gove rno r of the of GOVERI"OR Oak Rill Str e e t, P e n obsco t tribe c onduc t e d by T he R e v e r e nd R e al Nad e au of Saint was h e ld t r ibal in t h e T r ibal Hall. M i t c h e l l was e l e ct e d gove r n o r i t w il l be c ommi t t e e s , and A ls o J ohn S. to his the off ice du t y t o -l e ad h i s pe o ple acc o r dance s t at e with Wit h the b y p opul a r vo t e in a l l affairs . r e p r e se nt a t iv e . e xce p t i on of nine He y e ars spe n t o n I n d i an Island . fe e ls t ha t on Indian h is pe ople his He in t he t rave l s w h il e t o i mp r ove s i d e rat i on . 6d He calle d f i r s t r ive r wat e rs ar e t h e wint e r, the of '{1-;i t ch e ll t he t r ib e . e nab le out li.·e d several a ska t ing r ink c ould be is no p lace a cent e r Mi t ch e ll a l s o p r o p ose d se t t ing up in Mit che l l 10, h im t o and i s vie w c o n ­ , r or;-ra .. 1s for c o n­ fo r Re sugg e �t - in t he t h e m t o sw im . of ac t iv i t y . t ribal a and y e ars i s anx i o us t o u o r k w i t h y oungst e r s e n t e r t ainlile n t there two and 16 all f o r a b e t t e r y o u t h pr ograM. p o i lu t e d, As var ious go v e rn o r, eve ry ages se rvice ceremony, c l e rks, Arwe d F o r c e s, i n a new pe r spe ct i v e a n d he t h e i r si t ua t i on . tha t a swiraming p o o l w o u l d pr ov i d e As t h e held has t w o sons, in JRlRnd was T he succe e ds Fran c is -Ranco. He Island In h is inaugL>.ral a d d r e ss, of li e u t e nant Ele c t i o ns a r e e mpl o y e d a t Tuck e r's Sh o e Cowpany a t B r e w e r . d i t i ons 1. t o ap · o i n t a c o ns t a b l e , t r ibal law . has always live d In�ian o"-.an C a t h olic C hurr.h J o seph 1 s e le ct e d as l e a d e rs we r e F r e d N i colar, Ne ls on, on J an . o ffice whe r e suwu1e r . In r e c o r d s and s t a t i s t ics c o u l d b e k e p t in o r d e r, and f r e e f o r i nsfe ct i on. He s t at e d h is int e n t i on of car r ying _on t h e - re j e c t of bringing wat e r and s e wac,e d i sposal t o h o .e s wh ich d o n o t have t h e m . In conclusi on, h e calLe d upon h is le ople t o w o rk t oge t h e r wi t h t h e ne wly cr e at e d Ind ian Affa i r s D e par t Lle n t . Mi t ch e ll r e �inde d th e cl tha t t h e y had w o rk e d f o r a l o ng t irue .t he m t o c o op e r a t e P e nobsc o t T r i b e . t o have thei r t hei r in i n i t i a t i n g n e w p r o grams C LOSING OF THE own d e pa r t ment . t h a t w ould b e ne f i t · He urge d t h e . whole I�D IAN SC H OOLS by Kat h e r i ne h . E . Fr e d r icks T h e S t a t e Boar d o f E duca t i on rue e t i11 g on Jamary 1 6 t h , was inf or _;_ed b y C ommiss i oner �il l i am T . L o gan Jr., " of a comfilunica t i on rece ive d b y nim _ August 30, 19�6 f r ou1 D avi d S . S e e l e y, Assis t an t C omw.issi one r , Equal O_: o r t un­ i t i e s P r o gra�, Maine be as n e a r ruore with t h?- t Since the t hr e e sch ools t h e chi l d r e n b e t e r ;:a as r· ossi b l e . t J1e Sis t er s t han one the s t a t ing t h a t c l o s e d and hundr e d ye of Me rcy have r s, Mr . b e en to the to learn it if 1Ji s e it T h e B oa r d me e t i n g was n o t c l ose d qu i e t the i nf o rmal mee t in g .. e l d t-..1. l k b e t w e e n Mr . g o vern ors, many m e mb e rs 19>b-67 tb to Logan and of and t he t be T r ib e s, (C ontinued with the up t �e no t rims a t t e n d e d by a.fu l l comp l i1ue n t 12) confer�nce its G ov e r n o r s o f wa"' of t h e a f e w i nt e re st e d pe rsons, on page � o n t �e Re s e r va t i ons . pr e ss p i c�e d but or sch o ols f o r hold on Thursday afte r n o on t he niocese , re pre�e n t a t ive f r o � G ove rnor Curtis, and one Re p r e se n t a t i ve . ..ie s h o o l year ·ro u ld c o n t inue Ind ians and r e tain t h e Sist e rs Af t e r r e ce iving his answe r Mr . Logan w ould t h e n m e e t the R e se r va t i ons a n d e xplai n t h e Was�ing t o n o r d e r . T .. 1e r e f o r e , I n d i�n Res e r va t ions irr tbe t e .:tch e rs at Logan d e e �e d Maine Ro�an C a t h olic d i oceBe o t h e r obl i ga t i ons on t h e r e assi�n e d f o r st o�y . j us t the a I n d i an Cl e rBy, a one S e nato r, �( 12 ) Conti nued from page 1 1 ) C LOS I .t . G OF T I IfD " hi\J -3 C H O C LS b y Katherine } 1 . E ..., reJ.r icks . Mr . Lognn read and explained the ruling fro1u Se.� ley , s 2 •/ illG 1;.e had repl ied on S epteu!ber 7 , 196 6 , but had received no furtl er comruunication fro� Washington . Ho·.�ever , at u. meeting of th e C 0111r1iss ioner s froil1 all states, held last fall in New Orle ans, he had asked Mr. Seeley to send a represent ­ ative from his depc rtill e nt to Naine to vi s it the Indinn schools nnd becocle familiar w ith all pha ses of their oper�tion, but to no �vail. In fact, Seeley, in his A u gu s t letter, had c lr e ady stated th�t h is st�ff wRs too b u s y to cowe to kaine. The Baine diocese gave � b s o l ute ass u runce of coatinuing tLeir 0 0 li gation to th e I n d i an s , and t h en the meeting really o · ened up. i · r s . Catherine c � rs­ well, Re... resen tative froul Fortland, said she ; c.;.d , 1 e;.:tr c1 of the iueeting i ·urely b y c h n n ce and criticised l'ir . Log.:.1.11 for his failure to notify botJ) houses of t h 0 Nn s h i n g t on · r u l i n g and th e weeting . Mr. Logan, .!hile repeatedly syrnpi.1 thizing •ii th th e I ndi .::. ns, rei ter....ted th2t he held o u t no ho�e the ruling might be set aside . Neither d i d M � . h i nckley, Indian Commi �sioner . S evero.l enlightening thi n gs came out at th is 11e -·ting. Fil'st : David S eeley ' 1:;; letter had inaccuracies . " On l y Indic-i.n ch ildr en w·v ho live To ti t : on the Rese rvations 2.tte11 d these schools. 1 1 (At Plo .:i.sant l'oi it 20 per cent of the 84 _pupils are non - Indian . The other t·-vo sc hools have d. fal.:1ller per­ cen ta ee of wh ite children but nevertheless are not segregated . ) ' ' The children who attend the Indian s c h o o l s receive an education w h ich is inferior . 1 1 ( Th is i s not true . \·1 a.s tran sferred . i ;en Indian . &in<:�ation froi.i H ealth and vVelfare to E d u c a ti on , the schools were s up D l i e d I i t h exactly the same t e x t b o oks used in all D Ublic schoo l s in the st · te . 11 J followed the sa�e curriculum . And all t e a c h e r s there � are�certi r ied ) "There h as b e e n ap;'arently lit tle or no exercise of t{Je f r e e choice available in grade of L ered b y the Reservation schools . ' ' ( A g�i n th i3 i s un ­ true. lv b i te children are pre s e n t l f at t e11 din g tl ese s c h o o l s and many Indian ch ildre n go to off-Reservation schools . Much testifilony 11as �iven that full freedom of choice h a d b e n in rract i a e for wany years . ) S ince last A u g ust 30th, t h e r e has b e e n no official correction to theee e rr on e o u s s t a l, e i 11e n t s . Mr . Logan gave as an e. cuse that t h e r e w e r e several ...: 1 1 1' ' .t· e e d ow of C h o i c e " c a s e s p e n d i n g in courts und he ho} ed the decisions would be favorable. They were not . Another im1)ortant :i? O int lies in the fact that for a . :· e riod of four ci.nd a half mon t lls, Hr . Logan failed to u- i n g tJi is ruling to tl e at teution of other authoriti es, to th e I udi cns theLlselves, or to the Maine citizens. It was .Mr. John Nelson, not Mr. Lo gan , who got in touch 1 J ith S enators S ith and Muskie after the ne ws1 apers carri ed the stor y . Th e Indi !ns b ad to learn about t he ruling from th e saL1e source as llr . Nelson, even thou. �h they vrnuld b e t h e ones hurt by it. Th e State of Maine has a sound fi ghtin g �oi nt in th is for t h � re &re s e v e r a l Reservation · s c h o o l s in tl1e W e s t wl1i c lJ are coiJ�Jlet �ly s e reg ... ted by the sanction of the FederRl Gov ern1.1ent . A s S enator Norris stated, "This �s a p r o b l em for everyone in th e state and certa i n l y for t h e L e �i s l& t ur e . It is not a i)roblei;1 to b e con f in ed to one departLtent . " In rep ly to several exai11ples of v\Ta s h i n gton r u l i u gs in the So uthern states, on wh ich hr . Logan based his lack of hope ? � r d . C a r s well in s i s t e d t ha t fii a ine shou ld work for the gr e a t e s t good o f a l l � J i t hin her bo.rders, no matter what happened in ot her a r eas ( Continued on page 1 9 ) .. . ... �( 13 ) ( Indian S c h o ols , C o n t ' d f r om Pa ge 2 ) t r at iv e D i s t r i c t i n t he a r e a b y E a s tport and s ome t owns . 1 1 •r t P- Y a r. J <=> ;:'I s t­ had a chan c e t o v o t e We w e r e n e t s o p r iv il e g e d t he n and s b_ J J_ have n o s a y in t he mat t e r o f w h a t w e a r e t o b e t aught , w h o b y , h ow , o r wh e r e , " he de c lare d . H e said h e a l s o i n t e r pr e t e d t h e S t a t e B o ard o f Ed u c a t i o n t o mean t ha t t h e nuns w e r e n o t d o ing t h e j ob c o rre c t ly - 1 1 s o le t t h e s t a t e d o i t . " N i c h o las s a i d ' ' t h i s w e d o n o t like or a c c e p t . The s i s t e r s hav e b e e n h e r e s in c e 1830 and at t h at t ime t he Ind ian c ou l d n o t s p e ak En g J i s h . Now w e are ab l e t o . " T h e l e ade r a l s o t o ok i s s ue t hat t h e r e s e rv a t i on s c h oo ls we r e d i s ­ c r i minat o r y . ·o d e h a v e h a d o t h e r t han " Ours is a pub l i c s c h o o l , w i d e ope n . Indians make app l i c a t i on and at t e n d the s c h o o l h e r e . No appl i c a t i o n has b e e n turne d d own . " Jos e ph Mit c h e l l , t r i b a l gove rnor at Ple&sant F o i n t , f e l t t he I nd ian was b e ing d i s c r imina t e d agains t by f o r c ing t h e c hi ldren o f f t �1 e r e s e rv a t i on and he a d d e d t h a t t he mov e , i f c arr i e d t hr ough b y t h e s ta t e , w ou l d c aus e c ons ide rab l e h�r d s h i p t o t h e f am i l i e s b e c au s e o f t h e � o s s i b l e f e e l i n g o f " n o t b e ing w ant e d " i n t he white s c h o o l s ys t e m " t he p e o p l e f e e l t h e y are b e ing pus he d into another s o c i e t y and the y d o n ' t c are to i n t e gr Q t e , " he s ai d . John S t e v e n s , t r ib a l gov e rn o r at Pe t e r Dana Point , Pr i n c e t o n , s a i d "we are r e ad y t o f i gh t . I f t h e nuns are f orc e d t o le .s:. v e , I wouldn ' t wan t t o live here T h e r e are g o o d pe ople h e r e t h a t are h o l d i n g on b e c ause o f t h e ir exaL1p le . " As a prac t i c a l mat t e r , t h e Ind ians are c aught in a s i t ua t i on whi c h was none o f t he ir d o i ng . I t s t e ms f rom s c ho o l i n t e grat i on _;_: r o b lems in t h e S ou t h . Pr e v i o us ly , Maine Indian c h i ld r e n hav e h a d l i f r e e d om o f c h oi c e " , me aining t h e y c o uld a t t e n d r e s e rv a t ion s c h o ols o r pub l i c s c h o o ls . Nq w , t he U . S . O f f i c e o f E d uc a t i on says t � is is n o t a c c � p t ab l� . Maine E du c at i on C or.miis s i one r liJi l l iam T . Lo gan , Jr . has f o und hims e l f i n a b ind o v e r t h e ma t t e r b e cause the f e d e ra l gove rn�e n t c o uld wi th h o l d f u n d s unt i l t h e s t a t e c ompli e s w i t h t h e la w . One p o s s ib l e s o lut i o n might be making t h e s c h o o ls o v e r in t o pri v a t e par o c h i� l ins t i t u t i ons . A l t h o ugh the y are run b y t h e S i s t e r s o f Ne r c y , th e y are n o t P. r o� h i_a J s � h o o ls a t pre s e n t . • • • • • • • • • · GOV . C URT IS PLED G BS S U P _ ORT FOR nrn r11.11s In the I na u gural A d d r e s s o f Mai ne Gove r n o r , Ke n n e t h i· i . C u r t i s t o t h e 103rd Le g i s l a t ure o n January 5 , 1967 , G o v . C ur t i s gav e h i s s up p o r t t o th e Maine I n d ic n s . He s t at e d , " We m u s t a l s o pr o v i d e f or e xpan d e d i:) r o f e ss ­ i onal s e r1 r± c e s and s up ·._ .o r t f o r s e l f -0·ove rnrne n t f or I n d ians on r e 9 e 1· va t i ons . I f ur t h e r r e c omm e nd tha� Indian r e pr e s e n t ::i. t i v e s t o t he Le t' i s l a t ur e b e gr an t ­ e d f u l l pr iv i l e g e s to spe ak on all l e gi s la t i on on the f l n r o f t h e H o us e , and t h a.t t h e y b e gra n t: e <l Ra l a r y a n d P xpe n .c:i e ci 1 I "w.":l l l c e s e qual t o t h a t o f o t h e r repre s e n t ,,. t iv e s . " IND IAN IS LAI·iD S vJ I1·i. n�-G POOL I A r e pr e s e n t a t iv e · o f t he Pe n o b s c o t Ind i an T r i b e w i l l b e name d t o a c om m i t t e e t o ad m i n i s t e r a p r o po s e d in- d o or , out - d o or s w j rnm i n g p o o l t o b e b u i J. t i n Oln i'cnvn , t h P. BE ng_c_>_r _ D.a iJ v News A n n o n n c e d o n D e c e illb e r 30 t h . ... �( 14 ) T he Or i ginal Arae r i c ans CJ.iITROKKB.S FROVE H : D IANS C lui ShED , J 1 . I'r E , d: 11HA CIS11 ( Las t o f t h re e ar t i c le s ) By JAC1( V . FOX Uni t e d Pre s d I n t e r na t i o n s l T u cke d awRy in t h e Appa la c h ian Moun t ains o f No r t 1 C & ro L ina n e a r t h e T e nn e s s e e l ine l i e s a C he r oke e r e s e r v a t i on w h i c h a s t h e d i s t inc t i on o f b e ­ i n g one o f t h e rare example s of t h e A �e r i c nn In diun t hr owing o f f t h e w h i t e man ' s pa t � r na l i s m . Among t h e 1 0 r e t han 600 , 000 Ind ian s s c a t t e r e d . -.. c r o s s t he Un i t e d S t a t e s t h e C h e r oke e s n e a r S moky I· oun ta.in Na t i onal Park hav e e r t e d t h e u1o s t s e lf ­ s u f f i c i e n t I n dian. � 01UL1un i t y in t h e na t i on by c a s h ing i n on t he c ur i o s i t y a b ou t t h e r e d man . E a c h su1nme r s i n c e 1 9 50 t h e y have e nac t e d an out d o or y>age c. n t , 1 1 Un t o T h e s e R i l l s , ' ' w h i c h t e ll s t h e h i s t o ry o f t h e C h e r oke e . T 1 ose livin� the� e s t i l l are d e s c e n d an t s o f r e ne ga d e s who h id f r om f e d e ral t r o ops when t h e Uni t e d S t a t e s f c r e e d t h e C h e r oke e t r i b e in 1 0 3 8 'on a L.!e. r c h a l l t he w a y t o Ok lah oma . Ha l f o f t hem d ie d . The dra1ila b r o ught t o ur i s t s in e v e r 0r o .vin g n umb e r s and t o day t h e r e are 3 5 mo t e ls o n t he r e s e rv a t i on , t hr e e quar t e r s o f t h e m own e d b y t he C h e r oke e pe ople ·.and 7 5 p e r c e n t o f t h e e mp l oye e s Ch1e r oke e� . T h e Indians ab out 10 ye ars a go a l s o s t ar t e d a f c t o ry :1! • i c h ake s t om- t oms , he ad d r e s s e s , b as re t s a n d o t h e r Indian re ga l i a . T h e i r ur oduc t s a r e n ow marke t e d n a t i o nwide a n d s e v � ra l o t h e r f a c t ori e s have b e e n s tart e d b y t he t r ib al c o un c i l . The N o r t h C a r o lina C h e r oke e s u c c e s s is n o t �b l a b e c au s e it is v i r ­ t ua l l y t h e on l y s u c h e xample o f a t r i b e r i s in g f r ofil t h e poli c y of f e de r a l pa t e rn a lism whi c h in t h e ma in h a s l e f t the In dian a h e lple s s a n d n e ar h ope le s s d r � g o f s o c ie t y . T h e r e are s i gns t h e gov e rnrJe n t iJe.. y b e t ci{ing a n e w c our se . R ob e r t L . B e nn e t t , a 5 4 - y e ar - o ld On e ida Indicm f r ow �/ i s c ons in , r e ­ c e n t ly w a s name d . t o h e &d t he B ur e a u o f Indi�n A f fair b , �£ 1 i c h i s t h e main f e d e ra l a�· e n c y d e a l i n g wi th In dian r o b � lms . B e n n e t t i s t h e f i r s t I n d ian to hold the p o s t i n 95 ye ar s . �h i t e men h · ve b e e n in cha r ge s i n c e 1871 �.r h e n F' .i i F . Parke r , an ap r o in t e e o f pr e s i d e n t Ulys s e s s S . Gre.n t , re t i re d . T h e B I A finan c e s and s t a f f s 260 s c h oo l s f or s ome 58 , 000 Indian c h i l d ­ r e n o n t h e r e s e r va t i ons , t h e gre a t fila j or i t y o f t h e m e lemen t a r y s c ho o ls . It has b e e n o n e o f t h e f e w s o lid ac c ompl i s hme n t s of f e d e r a l � o l i c y b u t e v e n i t h a s h a d t he t ragi c e f fe c t o f b r eaking u p I n dian fawi l i e s and c r e a t in g in the young pe ople a s e n s e of s hame ab out t h e ir par e n t s a nd t h� way t he y l i v e . B e nne t t s p e aks w i t h e n t h� s i asm o f t he e f f o r t s v a r i o u s t r ib e s ar e now making wi t h t h e h e lp o f B IA and t h e O f fi c e o f E c on omic Oppo r t un i t y t o The y a r e p i t i fu lly f e w , b ut t h e y a t t ra c t i n d us t ry t o re s e rv a t i ons a r e as . are a s ta r t . N e x t t o emp l o yme n t, h ou s i n g i s t he brea t e s t I n d i an prob lem an d on R e s e r va t i on I n dians own t he i r land and mos t r e s e rv a t i on s it i s wre t c h e d . t h e y pay no t ax e s b u t t h e r e is a l s o t he fa c t the y c ann o t s e ll t he land . F o r t ha t r e a s on t h e y cann o t ge t mor t 2ag e s or loans f o r impr o ve file nt b e c au s e t h e l aw pre v e n t s b a n ks and o t h e r l e n d i n g age n c i e s f r om f or e c l o s in g . ( C on t i nu e d on Pa ge 15 ) = �( 15 ) ( T h e Or i ginal Ame r i c an s c o n t in u e d f r om Page 14 ) . I n Oklahoma , a s t at e wi t h one o f t he lar ge s t I n d i an � o � u lat i ons numb e r ­ i n g we ll o f 60 , 00 0 , t he re s e r va t i on c on c e }t was lar ge ly d i s c arde d ye ars a go . Ab o u t 90 pe r c e n t o f the Ind ian c hi ld r e n go t o pub l i c s c h o o ls b u t t h e d r op­ o u t rate in high s c h o ol i s t hr e e to f ou r t ime s h i gh e r than that o f the non­ Ind ian . r r An S ays C har l e s P o e h lman , d ire c t o r o f Indian e du c at i on in Ne vada : Ind ian c hi ld h o lds b ack in c la s s r o om d i s c u s s i o n d i s c us s i on b e c au s e he w o u l d n e v e r answ e r a q ue s t i on unl� s s h e �n e � h� �as : �i �h € . � On . t h e o t h e r hand , h e w o u ld n e v e r answe r a que s t ion t ha t o n e o f h i s f r f ends h a d mi s s e d . 1 1 Nor t h and S o u t h D ak o t a and Ne b raska have an In dian Dopu l a t i on o f ab o u t 65 , QOO , mo s t ly S i oux . O f t he 4 5 milli on s c o r e s o f range land on t h e r e s e r ­ v a t i o n s , m o r e t han one third i s b e i ng w o rke d b y uh i t e r an c h e r s w h o l e a s e i t t hr o u gh t h e B IA w i th t he i n c ome going t o t h e t r i b a l c o un c i l s . V e rnon Ashle y , a f u l l - b l o o d S i o ux who gr e w up on t h e C r ow C r e e k R e s e r ­ vat i on , � is b i t t e r ly c r i t i c a l o f t h e B IA and i t s f a i lure t o t rain I n d i ans in d oi n g t h e i r own farming and ra n c h in g . In t he s t a t e o f Was h in gt on , s a l e s o f timb e r , min i n g c laims and farm land hav e mad e s ome I ndian s r i c h . The 5 , 000 Yakimas are s t i l l gr e a t I ndi an s . T h e y run c a t t l e , s h e e p and h o r s e s , hav e i r r i ga t i on f o r t h e i r farms a n d ap!lle o r c hards , h u n t and f i s h f or t h e ir ne e ds year round in t h e area of M o un t Adams . The N u c ke ls h o o t s , on t he o t h e r ha nd , live a f e w m i l e s s o u t h o f S e a t t �e on land s o p o o r t he y have a hard t i we growing p o t a t o e s . T h e y f i s h f or a l iv in g b u t s i n c e t he s ta t e g o t an in j un c t i on a year ago aga i n s t ne t t in g s t r e ams o u t o f s e a s on , e v e n t h i� s our c e o f inc ome has b e en c l o s e d . Los Ange l e s i s an o t h e r o f t h e b i g c i t i e s t o whi c h Ind ians have b e e n r e lo c a t e d o r a t t ra c t e d o n t h e i r own . I t has m o r e t h an 2 5 , 000 Ind ians i n t h e me t r op o l i t an 2.re a . The S t a t e Adv i s ory C om. Li s s i on o n Indian A f fa i r s i n a r e p or t t h i s year c on c lud e d : "The s o c ia l c.nd e c on omi c c on d i t i on o f t h e Ind ian ar e t he lowe s t o f a n y min o r i t y i n t h e s t a t e . " . And the r e p o r t was i s s u e d a f t e r t he· N e gr o r i o t i n Wa t t s . Wall S t r e e t. .To1 u-1 1 ::1 1 - Oc t h e r 7 , 196p H ow You May O b tain C op i e s O f GLUS KAP THE L I AR & OTHER IND I AN TALES ,; , / ' i' I . � .'.t ' .... . . \ ' ·, ·:;�- , _, . - .· • � r - .. · • --� J . ' _... - �.J "Mu s t warn ,. pa l e f."l c c..� t 'l' h '1 i n r-i-c . l i P. n t .n this pipe are d e eme d t o b e i n j uri o us t o h e al t h i f inhale d ! " T h e Maine Indian N e ws l e t t e r w i l l r e c e ive o r d e r s f o r Gl usl ap the Liar & Qther I n d ian T a l e s S end wr i t t e n b y H or a c e P . B e ck . your n ame - and addr e s s a n d t h e numb e r o f c o1 i e s you w o u ld l ike t o t h e E d i t or . S e e page 16 und e r B o ok Rev i e w for a d e s c r ip t i on of t he new b o ok tha t us e s the Maine · Pe n ob s c o t In d i an s as a c e n t r a l gro np . t U lilety S e H d a · e h e ck:.:o.f.: .i c n e y or d e r---· f d r i5 ;· 9).. ' € e . t i1e . ::· l• .a i ne I n d ian-- N e '.Y s l w t t e r , Pine 8 t r e o t. , F1· e e1 o r t , f·ia i u e 04032 e �( 16 ) B 0 0 K R E V I GLUS C AP THE LI E W R & OT h Jl:R I N D I AN TALES by Horace H um o r , t e r r o r , t r i c ke r y ; t r an s f o r�e d c r e a t ur e s - - s u c l and b e c om e v o lur;1e . an I n d i a n ma i d e n ' s P. B e ck v a111 1.: ir e s , w i t c h e s as t he s n ake t h � t love r - - are t h e ma j o r and sl�d c an n i b a l s ; brave ,?;i r l s i t s skin e ac h ni � t i n gre d i e n t s of to facinat ing t 1 is A c h ar a c t e r wh o d om i na t e s many o f t � e s e t a l e s is G lu s.��p , t h e f r i e 1 dly w i t h s t on e e ye b r ows , wh o s e ews t o hav e b e e n a re l a t i o n o f t h e g r e a t g i a n t Ka t ah d i n , a n d w h o i s a s s i s t e d b y t h e d w c.:. r f M ikue1w e s u , s o h e a v y he s ank kne e - d e e p in t o gr an i t e w h e n he w a lke d . giRnt On e storie � , ques , gr o u p of tales , whose amo r a l b e hav i o r t o Mr . B e c k , N ' J a c q u e s t h an G lu 'S kap . a Using the c o n s i d e rab l e l o gi c a l s urv e r y the ir am o n g whi c h s o me e xh i b i t s b o t h a E ur o p e an a n d is I n d i ans the trib e he f o lk l o r e , in way a s or t s o f up to has s h own h ow the the present �a t e r ia l e x t e n d o u r und e r s t and ing o f fits � u t h o r has his t ori c al , T h r o u eh a l a r � e in t o them . Ac c o r d i n g pe r haps m o r e the t i me . " s haggy d o g " s c r ap e s . I n d i an s , a s a c e n t r a l gr o up , our T h e y c on c e rn N ' Ja � o f t h i � b o ok t o a n a r c h ae o l o g i c a l , of I n d i an s a n d c an h im i n t o a l l v e r y p o pu lar a m o n g t h e Penob s c ot s e c t i on le ads r e s e i ·. b l e I nd i an b a c kgr o u nd . the lives of so de v o t e d e thno­ b o dy o f t he s e T h e r e e r e L 1 y t h o l o gi c a l t a l e s t h .. . t s e e m t o . v e r i f y t h e ar c h ae o l o gy , h i s t o r i c a l t a l e s t h c.t h a v e t h e i r r o o t s in h i s t o r i c a l f a c t , m o r a i t a l e s t ha t s u � e s t c e r t a i n c h a rac t e r i s t i c s o f t h e P e n ob s c o t c u l t u r e , and E u � o p e an t a l e s t h 2 t t h e I n d iL ns p i c ke d u p f r o m s e t t le r s and m i s s i o n a r i e s Many o f the se and adap t e d la t t e r a r e to t h e ir s t i l l qui t e own e nv i r o nme n t . re c o gn i zab le as v a r i an t s o f st ories among t h o s e c o l le c t e d b y t h e b r o t h e r s G r i..rru:1 , w h o s e f a. i ryt a l e s have n o ur i s h e d s o man y ge n e r a t i o n s o f Ame r i c a n a n d E ur op e an c h i l d r e n . T o s h ow h ow r e pr e s e n t ­ a t i v e a l l t he t a l e s a r e o f t h e e n t i r e New E n gla n d r e gi o n , M r . B e c k has a l s o i n c lu d e d s oill e wa t e r i a l f o rm t r i b e s Rather t� ll t h an except for one andhas the s imp l e oral t a le t r an s ra i s s i on , t old of the dire c t in n � ighb o r in g t h e s t o � i e s v e r b a t im , the se diale c t , native in a s t yl e i d i om a n d q ua l i t y o f Mr . s t yle Pe n ob s c o t . e e k h a s t r ans c r i b e d t h e m , t ha t wa i n t ains pe culiar to the the c olor of nar ra t o r s , f o lk a r t . As i d e f r om t h e p l e a s ur e t h e t e x t w i l l g i v e t h e l a yman r e a d e r , a c on c i s e app e n d i x , v a l u ab � t o t he s e r i o u s s t u d e n t o f f o lk l o r e , p r ov i d e s a d i s c us s i on o f the s ou r c e s a n d t h e $ 23 , 1 1 9 1 AS · I NGTON - p ov e r t y pr o r_� r ams Sen . the E d .uund S . The motifs GRA.NT�D in c o l l e c t i on . FOR ANT IPOVERT Y PL1w Ap 1· r ov a l of �23 , 119 a b-e n e f i t in g }\'J a i n e ' s Mu s k i e a n d Re p . f un d s w i l l b e t h is fe deral 1.) a s s ama q u o d d y H l liam D . e< l l o c ct t e d OF ' �l.J ODD Y I i. D I A! S by the gr£. n t t o d e v e l op an t i ­ I n d i a n s was by th e Pa s s ama q u o d dy T ownship re serva t i ons . H a t haway s a i d s o c ia l a n d e c o n o m i c within the Muskie . t r ib e s . 1 1 ( F r om Por t L nd the gr an t prob lems Dr . ann o un c e d Offic e o f E c o n o -i c O�yi o r t u n i t y t o wi l 1 be I n d i a n t r i b e a t . t h e P l e a s a n t P o i o t and wi l l b e of the Pr e s s H e r a l d , to �vi l l d i i· e c t 1/12/6 7 ) aJ. ,.uin ­ Indian ' ' ill o u n t a pr o g r a � t o d e a l w i t h us e d I n d i an s Jau1e s Pays o n by H a t h awa y . Wa s h i nc;t o n C o un t y Re g i onal A c t i o n A � � e n c y i n Ma c h i a s and istered to i n v o lv e d in a n e ffor t the to alleviate pr o j e c t , p ov e r t y ac c o r d i n g �(17 ) FA CT SHEET FOR LEGISLATORS The w�te r ial on th is pa ge , and on Page a fact s he e t f or ITE mbers o f 1 a ine ' Following a re que s t s 103rd 18 , wa s pre par e d or i g inally a s Le gislature . f r o m Re pre se nta t ive Glenn Starbird Editor a s se mble d th is ba s i c inf o rmat i o n on Mdne e a stern tr ib e s Rep . in general and mime o graphe d it on the Starb ir d plans to di s tribute the s e sh eets tor s . 1 , 2 00 Ind i an s l iv ing on t h e r e a r e an e s t ima t e d - th e Penob s c o t Re s erv a t i on i n c l ud e s a l l all ( n e ar Pr inc e t on , t ha t a c on s i d erab l e numb er Uni t e d S t a te s , t he whi l e MAINE . in exchange f or - thr e e Re s erva t i on s the Penob s c o t R iver t h e Pa s s amaquoddy R e s e rv a t i on s ar e P l e a s an t Po i n t - an e s t ima t ed 8 0 0 MAINE IND IANS - reade rs . i s l and s in MAINE ? f r om to Ma t t awamkeag ? of Ind i an Town s h i p and gree n News l e t te r ma s the a d . the bene f it of the le gis la ­ It i s included here f o r the be ne f it o f Newsle tter - O l d Town f or (D-K ing�an ) the in part icular and Indians l ive ( n e ar Perry , Ma ine ) l ive o f f -Re s erva. t i on-- t- hr oughou t t hr oughou t New Eng l and and s t i l l ma i n t a in ing and Ma ine ) ? the ir t ie s t o t he ir the the r e s t s ta t e , of the Tr ib e s ? R E SERVATIONS were g iven the Penob s c o t and Pa s s ama quoddy Tr i b e s all t h e r e a r e more of wha t i s n ow t h e S t a t e o f Ma ine ? than 500 , 000 Ind i a n s hund r ed s o f d i f f er en t Tr ib e s , t ime s a s g r e a t a s among in t he Un i t ed States , and t h a t b ir t hr a t e among Ind i a n s b e l ong ing t o i s abou t 2 � the c oun try ' s popu l a t ion a s a who l e ? - Ma s s a chu s e t t s h a s an Ind i an popu l a t i on o f ov er 2 , 0 00 Ma s hpe e s , Wamp anoag s , and N i pmu c s ; Connec t i cu t ha s a n Ind i an popu l a t i o n o f a lmo s t and Paugu s e t t s ; 1 , 00 0 P e quo t s , Mohegan s , S c h agh t i c oke s , Rhod e I s l and has an Ind i an popu l a t i on of a lmo s t New Hamp s h i r e h a s an Ind i an popu l a t i on of Vermo n t h a s an Ind i an popu l a t i on o f ov er - i n add i t i on t o t h e New Eng l and · s t a t e s , l iving in nor t he a s t ern , of east c en tr a l , over 50 , 1 , 00 0 Nar r a g an s e t t s ; 1 0 0 Pennacook s ; b e l ong ing there are 1 1 5 , 000 Ind i a n s s ome a n d s ou t hern s t a t e s and t o var i ou s Tr ib e s ? - t h e gr e a t ma j o r i ty t h e s e h av ing no F ed er a l admin i s t r a t iv e c onne c t i o n ? - MA INE I ND IAN S have n ever h ad a n y admin i s tr a t ive g overnmen t , - MAINE c onne c t i on wi th the F ed er a l and d o no t �? is t h e ONLY S TATE in the c ou n t r y t o have a S t a t e D e par tmen t o f Ind i an A f f a i r s ? - Congr e s s i o n a l d e l e ga t e s and Ind i an Tr ib e s f r om o t her expr e s s ed an in t er e s t in t he f ed er a l Bur e au o f Ind i an A f f a ir s a n d t he U . S . of Ind i an Hea l t h ) s t a t e s have a l r e ady t h i s. n ew a p p r o a c h to MAINE INDIAN AFFAIRS , ar e a l s o very in t e r e s t ed ( OVER ) and t h a t Pub l i c Hea l th S erv i c e in d eve l opmen t s in MAINE ? ( D i v i s i on �The Admi n i s t r a t ion of (From " RE POR T TO THE 1 0 2ND LEG I S LA TURE : b y the ture , I n t e r im J o i n t Commi t t ee on I n d i an Af f a i r s o f January , 1965 ) "F or a t ime fo l l ow i n g the e s t ab l i shmen t of Maine a s a s e p ar a t e p o l i t i c a l en t i ty , left to t h em s e lv e s . As t he S ta t e o f n ego t i a t i on s w i th t h e Tr i b e s w a s e n t i r e l y l e g i s l a t ive a n d for wer e Ind i an A f f a ir s " t h e l O l s t Legi s l a ­ the momen t t h e year s pr o gr e s s e d , o f t h e I n d i a n s b e c ame more a p p are n t . the Ind i an s the p l i gh t Leg i s l a t ive ma t t e r s also were b e coming d e e p and comp l i c a t e d and t h e n e e d s and wan t s o f a The pr o b l ems of growing wh i t e popu l a t ion came f ir s t . Ind i a n s were shun t e d ab o u t by a s u c c e s s i on o f the l e g i s l a t ur e s , f in a l ly end i n g up w i th the De par tme n t o f He a l t h and W e l f a r e . " " I n b o t h t h e l O O t h and l O l s t Le g i s l a tu r e s b i l l s w e r e in t r o ­ du c e d wh i c h wou l d h ave t r an s f e r r e d t he superv i o ion a n d adm i n ­ i s t r a t i o n o f In d i an A f f a i r s f r om t h e De par tme n t o f He a l t h and We l fare • • • I n the l O O t h the b i l l f a i l e d of p a s s age and in t h e lO l s t i t w a s r e f er r e d t o t h e s tudy w h i c h i s r e p or t • • • "It is t h e o p i n i o n of t he Ind i an manner We tr ib e s w i t h i n t h a t i s conclu s ive fe e l the b a s i s of this " t h i s Comm i t te e that t h e a f fa ir s o f t h i s S t a t e ar e n o t b e i n g hand l ed in a to the b e s t i n t er e s t s of t h a t any onu s o f b l ame f a l l s r i gh t ly upon l e g i s l a tur e s t h a t f a i l e d t o d o any th i n g o t her t he Ind i a n . . • . the many than t o see t ha t the I n d i a n h ad s he l t e r , w a s c l o t hed and f e d and tha t h e ke p t The S t a t e of Ma ine , h i s d i s t an c e fr om t h e l e g i s l a t u r e i t s e l f . f or a l l pur p o s e s , i s de a l ing w i t h the Ind ian today in the same mann e r in wh i c h he d e a l t w i th him one hundred and for t y - f ive year s ago • • • " " In c o n c l u s i on , of t h e Commi t t e e f ind s t h a t i t i s t h e Ma ine Ind i an b e g iven to impr ove h i s lot . He f e e l s t h e de s i r e tha t h e mu s t t h e o p p o r tun i ty t o have a v o i c e in g ove r n i ng hims e l f an d h i s a f f a ir s . H e i s c o g n i zan t o f the f a c t t h a t thi s can n o t come abou t overn i g h t bu t by n e c e s s i ty mu s t be a l ong r ange a f f a ir . He doe s no t w i s h t o l o s e h i s i d en t i ty a s an Ind ian b u t b e l ieve s w i th some a s s i s t a n c e b o th he (From and h i s tribe t he RF. PUB L I CAN PLATFORM FOR 1 9 6 7 - 6 9 , Mar ch , "We r e c ogn i z e s ove r e ign n a t i o n s hund r e d y e ar s ; can s h ow pr ogr e s s . " 1966) tha t t h e Ind i a n s o f our S t a t e have gone from to d e p e nd e n t commun i t i e s in a s pan o f two t h a t un t i l r e c en t ly a l l t h e I nd i a n i s a we l f ar e pro gr am • • • t h a t h a s b een o f f e r e d We u r g e t h a t the Pa s s amaquoddy and Penob s c o t Tr ib e s be g iven the n e c e s s a ry gove r n me n t a l and e c onomi c a s s i s t an c e t o e n a b l e t hem to have as t o t h e ir f u tur e r o l e i n o u r s o c i e ty . " (F rom t h e DEMOCRA TI C PLATFORM FOR 1 9 6 7 - 1 9 6 9 , May , a cho i c e and a v o i c e 1966) "We c ommend t he 1 0 2nd L e g i s l a tu r e f o r e n a c t ing tha t • • • shou l d enab l e l e g i s l a t ion t he Pa s s ama quoddy and Penob s c o t Ind i an s and t h e s t a t e g overnme n t wor k i ng toge ther t o d e v e l op a pr ogram that w i l l e n ab l e the Ind i an s f l our i s h and pr o s p er • • • l iv i n g on the r e s erva t i o n s t o W e urge • • • t h a t r e s e r va t i on I nd i ans b e gr an t e d a gr e a t er d eg r e e o f s e l f -governme n t and a l ar ger v o i c e in t h e ir own a f f a i r s . " ( The MAINE I ND IAN NEW SLE T TER is a pr iva t e ly s po n s o r e d and pub l i s h e d mo n t h ly mime ographed N ew s l e t t er d evo t ed t o news of Ind i an A f f a i r s in Ma i n e and t h r ough­ Curr en t ly suppor t e d en t ir e ly by d o n a t io n s , t here is a s ye t ou t t h e c oun t ry . no sub s cr i p t i on charg e . Wr i te t he Ed i t or t o b e p l ac e d on the ma i l ing l i s t . ) �( 19 ) H:D IAN � C HOO I..S C LOS D!G OF ( C o n t in u e d B y far t he 1824 was i·J.r . to be unto of f or c e d out Lo gan Mr . H i nc k l e y . .; r a s c o 1.ip l i an c e 1454 basis ized only , an d t 2 28 , 500 lid .s e t f o r � on t h s ' t h e re the Tlrns c omp l ie d , i.:.r i t h S 0 !·1 e l east S tate . r o un d , they h� ve In a loses their las t of it l o ok s t he t ake n and the the those o f f i c ia l s q u e s t i on of d i s c r i. 1i11 a t i on . S&:f t h e r e i s d i s c r i;;1in a t ..i. o n fident they are t .. . i s s t a t e . " Tb e i s s ue say t he y wan t 1 1The act , I n d i an "Th e y • was • 31, �1 - i t �r n r s ch o o l s over to us tJ1e on t he has no i n t e 11 t i o n 11 I t wan t s to of been cl los Po r t L:m d Pr e s s H e ro. l d , oc . .; t �I 1 /u 7 ) of ruling to us they tLem I at t h e ir an o t h e r c l oic e . of stated he c h i l d.c e n , in raising not are in educ a t i on f e d e 1n a l ha. s t y " li t t l e But f un d s . sovere ignty ·df I n d i a n r e s e r v ci. h the t ui t ion r e ad y f .: e l q u i t e to � on ­ i s n o d i s c ri ; ,1 i n a t i o n i n t he r e a l l o w i n g c: n y pr o v i d e in ruling tl0e I n d L- i1 s w o u l d l os e t a lk i n c; w i t h t h i::!. t an unde r the have to on un o r ga n - in G o vernor C ur t i s indicated F r 01r1 ke e p . s t cl. t e t he • re1 ort said . childre n . 11 ( F r o .:i • r;o i n g t o to C ur t i s " t h e y .£.ay h a v e fe e l a on . b e e n ke p t lla s t h e J'o r � ln d R.r e � § II e r_?- l d t h � . t af t e r c on f e r r i n g i J O J.1 d a,j �1i t-11 o f f i c ia l s c o D c e rn i n g s c h c r n 1 1 n g t r � v j s i. 0 1 1 s f o r l' , & i n e 'r nd i an t h i nks d e s c r ib e d r e s i de f r e e d o.u1 the le f t : S e c t ion .� u a r d i an � ·1 c i e s spot . by for f u ;:i d s . school on ' Ja n u ci r y held t h is the t h o u &h as t he y b a d not do 196 3 . of as pr iv i l e � e s on choice apJ : r o v a l apJ_: r opr i a t i o n s er b r i n g pre s s u r e c oLl!: l y and f r e e d ow r i gh t c on f e r e n c e F e d e ral to re f u s e d h m·1e v e r , the news Eaine h2v e ke pt haine , a lr.1 o s t In or states really is Le p;i s la t u r e iJ o. r e n t b e cause to t ifile li t t le is pe ople . for The e du c a t i o n a l children and r u l i D g wh e n t his h is e 1 d i n g Ju n e •1i ;; h t o �hool n e ar is d e a d l in e for E d u c a t i on of ye ar l oc a l of �n o Nn t11 i s t h r o u gh Mr . n e c e s s nry a p r o p r ia t i o ns the r e s id e these that n o t 1u i t h s t a1 1 d i n g aside . 1·1 h o h l''. e i p.; b o r i n .c; in he c o n c e rn ­ ·11 0 . 2 r o se . such "E,.ie r g e n c y n . fisc �l the en t i t le d be s ha l l 1454 ·l/a s h i n gt on the t o raise c h i ld r e n "All ti.ie c h i l dr e n a l l ma t t e r s d i s t r ib u t e d h ad no be I n di a n the j us t not be D e pa r t ue n t the for t e r r i t o ry . " T he th� . t said r u l i n g a n d e ar.Jarke d the with I n d i a n R e s e r v a t i on s e c t i o ns is to S d i d t ha t ii\fa s h i n g t o n a n cl p l e d to d e s i gn e d and i s ar e n o t t o e x c e e d o f t h e b i l l re ads : by d r aw n been has bill A Le � i s l a t ure , the gone hav e h e w:rn l d Iuad e F r �n c i s G e o r ge E x -G o v e � n o r it '.i1 e r e there if o n t h e R e s a r v a t i on s h o u l d the wo uld i n f o r ma t i o n that and an d f�rther them at b e fore should b e, laid a gr � e d , lived s c h o o ls Reservation G o v e r n o r Mi t c l 1 e l l them . Indians the ing of the to r e t ur n e d then be t h. � t said c h i ld r e n w h o .� i t e the choice O l d •r o 1m of J o h n I ii t c h e l l G ov e rn o r nation a t h e .:1 s e lv e s . fre e d on of the s c �r e �a t e d ; re�lly be n c f' S t o.. t e mu s t }.lr o ­ t h e T r u ct t y go.. v e b e yo n d . t h L t s1 life the S t a t e }ith the t ha t s t at e d and ga t e s the ir c lose to out e du c a t i on , and we l fare r i gh t the I n d i an s 1my of t �.: e i r b e en ti.• e i r T r e o. t y he nann e r c on t r o l l e d and of t e rli1s the of s or,1e gav e qu i e t h e alt h , vide i;1ha t had t b e<. t n e w s pap e r s the c onne c t e d d i s r up t e d . Gessil In a l'1aine . in r e ad to The y had !...1 i s hand l in g of t � 1 i s i·.:ia t t e r is t h e . :. -ri t h i t .!l orn t h e J nri 1 ::n1 s ; of i n f o r ma t i on all of Fr e d r i c ks . • i t e &ll. L ·p o r t a n t least • J i t hh o l d i n g c omp l e t e I1·i . 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The of in hav e lagge d I n d i an th� of offer h i gh hav e c re a t ing I as c osts little I n d ian ar e as . mon t h ) re s o u r c e a of of the to in c oill e aii.1 c on f i d en t s orae to a c q u ir e d 1 1 c h e c k- farmi n g o r t he land the to a r is ing f l e xib i l i t y in loosen of I n d ian re sourc e s b e h i nd c o mt e ... p o r a r y pr o b l ems of these v i nb i l i t j c oru· I B r c i a l in tribes a l s o va c il la t e d . I n d ian par c e l s , lack m i l l i on 51 Tru s t e e ­ i s o f t e n ob s c ur ­ n on - I n d i a n s re d u c e d t ha t some o f the a c c ui.1u lat ion init iative re sult ed that will (C ontinued next of B y an policies n e w C ommi s s i one r . pr o p o s e d gr o w t h t us d e v e l o p i n g na t u r a l l ar �e - s c a l e to 1 9 t h C e n t ur y a f t e r w h i c h r e s e rv a t i o n b o unda r i e s , had c it izens o f ab o u t s upe r v i s i o n Me anwh : l e , and it in i t ia t e pr o gr e s s . " e xami n e trus tee I n d i an a r e a & has localities , of to /e s t e rn S t at e s . l e ga l s t I n d ian and G o v e rnL1ent f r a c t i on a t e d to c t i on , o u r Indian let F e d e ra l i n a d m i n i s t e r i n g h o l d i n gs b r ie f , f as t e r is �ar d sh i p . o r i gi n a l s ome purpo s e s , indiv i dual . under to b y law , a r e s ponsi b i lity I n d i an ge n e r a t i on r eme d i e s w i l l p e r rn i t pe r s pe c t iv e , appropr i a t i on s , c o un t r y a s More ov a r , in e na b l e t r u s t e e s hip r e s p on s i b i l i t y g o ? and pa s t a wuch quicker 1 a c e o f wh i c h d e v e l o pme n t l and w i t h i n f r om o n e Int e rior par t s e n t i iJle n t , t ha t tr u s t e e s h ip s t a t u s lat iv e and th0 i n v o lv e F e d e r a l G o v e rnme n t t he f ulle s t s ov e r e i n t y t ri b ua l - u s e a n y s in gl e h o µe f u l l y , f o l l ow i n g t h e to the pat t e rn r an c h i n g . pas s e s in the l a r ge s t 1 1 war d s h i p 1 1 of r e s 11 on s i b i l i t y f o r s ys t e m w a s e s t a b l i s h e d , does re s u l t . e r b oa r d ' 1 t h a t wi l l , r e ma r k in r e gu la t i o n s , u t i l i za t i on lan d o ne bene L it s by the t he I n d ian B u r e a u un d e r m y l e ad e � s h i p o f F e d e r.a l � Ind ian r e l a t i o n s . r e s e r v a t i on c h ange d The this The S e c r e t ar y o f of oer f r u s t r a t i o n s a n d a c h e iv e c r u c i a l a s pe c t s acres the the t ha t the fr t ru s t l e gi s ­ s ha c k l e s m c �6? '8 �:-.-:·� /·::::· � ' ...� Fi !Tj �"".."0:� , �2� 6J Vt ·' ·.• 1 -:::· (·&.. rz.'!]" r.:r '· :.:::! fr ':'.:\ fa l5L � c� � 'l\V Wit �, G t1! '\ \ :?:J Ai ! :: : ::: ...j -- 'i ' ' \<1 ' !J& \\ \\/ \:. \ � l C:.:·. ::: ::. · . . Q:\:fub \ 1 ._\\ /,•/ :/ j . . � ·� -�.:::__\, - �. - - news 'lf Indian affair s and around Maine the country ; - / � -? .. - t o know what other Tribes are doing, thinking and planm.ng; ����;-::t-- I d ��!:�� i your home or P� st Office box each mont h ; 1· I · _ , ...-- _ i, . , • - l 'r 1/\:�,1 7 ,, :: r '\ \-��··�(})':\/\\}\{'.:� // i\ - �- \ .. \ ---· · BELOW � : tJ- -----i F ILL OUT THE SU BSCRIPTION SLIP -� . · , � .. - a free " st art er " sub s cription _ to the Maine Indian Newslett er ; '· · · in / r: - y\/4:L. A:\:}A�?:: Z;j ;;\. -.__ ( 12�{ , i ./ (!- \)'i ; 1\ - �-.1� 01�\ \ I- '---� j/ i ;' � \\ \,: ;:-->-'�·:::/ i ___ [ I/ � ' IF YOU WANT - , _ ', ,// 'i .-\\\{:/ I i i '97 / !, / __ __ ) . I I \ --- � � _J L_ AND MAIL IT WITH NO MONEY TO : MAINE INDIAN NEWSIETTER Pine Street Freeport , �1aine ( Also send in your suggestions, c omment s , ideas, l et t ers, st �ri e s , c �mplaint s , jok e s , �artoons, news ite�e , etc ! ! ! ! arti cle s , - - - I - - - l'D uld NAME - - J40J2 - � - - - - - - ------ ) - - ------------- - - - like a copy of th e Maine Indian Newsletter mailed to me each month : � � � � � � T-�- a se pr i nt ) � (Ple--�-___�� __;� � � �� ����� � ����- � � MAILING ADDRESS ������� (ZIP Code , please ) (Send this slip t3 Maine Indi an Newsletter, Pine Str eet , Freep '>r t , Me . 0403 2 ) �MAINE IND IAN NEWSLETTER BULK RATE �r eepor t , Maine 7/8¢ U.S. Pine Street 2 04032 Fr eeport, Li or �l o l le ge Co lb y , Me . at rv i l le 049 J POSTAGE PAID Maine -33 Permit No . �4 2 LI BER TY S IB.EET MAINE INDIAN NEWSLETTER GARDINER , ?l INE .A 043 4 5 DON 1 T D ELAY ! I TO GET LOCAL AND LONG D I S TANCE INDIAN NEWS , DELIVERED TO YOUR DOOR EACH MONTH! 1:he fo l lowing sub s cr i pt ion r a t e s are charged for a 1 2 -month sub s cr i.p t ion to 'rHE MAINE IND IAN NEWSLETTER If you are an INDIAN , wherever you live , - FREE f i l l out and send (Regular ) - $ 2 . 00/year s l ip ( Contr ibu t ing ) - $ 5 . 00/ye ar and enc l o s ing N O money . ( Suppor t ing) -$ 10 . 00/ye ar (Lifet ime) - $ 5 0 . 00/ye ar Indian Non-Indian " " " If you are a NON-INDIAN, wherever you l ive , pri a t e amoun t . (be low) W I TH the appr o ­ Your sub s cr ip t ion The addre s s l ab e l s ind i ca t e the s tatus "Free - Indian . " " F - I " means The abbreviation o f i s the t ime - next y ear • your sub s cr ipt ion fee w i l l again be due . . wi l l b egin with the next avai lab le in the sub s cr ip t ion id en t i fy ing your Tr ib e o f your sub s cr iption . a month (JAN) f i l l out and s end in the sub ­ scr i p t ion s l ip (below ) , You wi l l NOT ge t an individual e,-so expir ati'OO not'Ic be aler t ! (Com­ issue a f t e r your sub s cr ip t ion s l i p p l imentary and Exchange sub s cript ion s is r ec e ived . do not re quire renewal . ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - � -- - - - - - -- · - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -----� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - --� - - - - - � I would l ike t o re ceive monthly regu lar i s sues of ' the Maine Indian News let ter : DATE I ND IAN ___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ NON-IND IAN ADDRES S --: � ----------------------- ( S tr ee t or P . O . Box ) ( C i ty , S tate Sub s cr ip t ion r a te s : Z I P Code ) Indian -0- ; TRIBE-----AMOUNT ENCLOSED--- Non -Ind ian - $ 2 $ 10 (Regular ) ; ( Suppor t ing) ; Send this s l ip , with your sub s cr ipt ion charge , $ 50 $5 (Contr ibu ting ) ; (Li f e t ime ) if app l i cab l e , to : MAINE INDIAN NEWSLE TTER 42 Lib e r ty S tree t , Gardiner , Maine 0434 5 · � - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - �- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- � - - - - - - - �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - �- - - - - - - Don ' t forge t your Z I P Code ! �BULK RA TE MAINE IND IAN NEWSLETTER 42 U.S. G ard ine r , Ma i n e POS TAGE 3 . 6 ¢ PAID Lib er ty S tr e e t F r e e por t , Ma ine 04 345 Penni t . �o . ADDRE S S CORRECTION REQUE S TED Co l b y C o l by Co l l g L i b ra ry Coi i g fia t e r v1 1 1 ' Mai ne 0 JAN 49 :: 01 33 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Jan. 1967) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-01 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-472 https://dawnlandvoices.org/collections/files/original/a2cb7ddd4c8ea5182317042b52deef37.pdf 63fde8c08772078a2911a0d2316a25d8 PDF Text Text E Volume 2 , Numb er 6 s I ' . • ' . '. ' Januar y 1 9 68 I I ND IANS SCORE VICTORY IN S PECIAL S ESS ION A major l e gislative · triumph for Maine I nd ians r e su l ted from last-minu te ac tion b y the S e c ond Spe c ial S ession of the 1 03rd Le gisl ature , which eonve ned f or three we e ks this month . S aved from the ver ge of death, L . D: 1858 was signed into l aw b y Governor Kenneth N. Curtis on January 26th, author izing a June 1 7 , 1 9 6 8 state -wide re fer e ndum on the issuance of bond s in the amount of $38l�,ooo for "c onstru c tion and moder nization of ·school fac il itie s at the three I nd ian r e servations11 and to 11construct water and se wage f acil ities at Ind ian Township Reserva tion in Prince tonn . (S ee Page s·l 6-1 8, this issue , f or a de­ tail ed acc ount of the b il l 's histor y and passage . ) Origina l ly inc luded in G ov. Cur tis ' pr oc lamation to the S e c ond Special Se ssion, the f und s ob tained from approval of the b ond issue next June would be d ir e c ted to the Depar tments of Education and Indian Affairs. With $ 249 ,000 the Dept. of Educa tion wou ld constru ct one c lassr oom and an al l -pur pose , l ib­ rar y-c afeteria area at the Pe nobsc ot and Peter Dana Point schools, and two c l assr ooms and an a l l -purp ose , librar y-cafe teria f ac il ity at the Pleasant Point s c hool . (One additional c l assr oom for Peter D ana Point was author ized ear l ier by the Le gisl a ture . ) Purpose s of these educational improveme nts would b e to c or r e c t prese nt over-crm-1ded c l assr oom c onditions, al l ow kind er garte n pr ograms to be star ted, pr ovide night stud y facil ities for stude nts and adults, and replace existing unsatisf actor y kitc he n-c afe ter ia arr ange ments. As a r e su l t of exp anded spac e , the pre se nt high te ac her-pupil r atios c a n be l owered, acc ord ing to Education Commissioner t7il l iam T. Logan, Jr . r.Jith $ 135,000 the Dept. of I nd ian Affair s,· ·working through the alread y­ operating I ndian Township Passamaquoddy Reservation Housing Au thor ity, wou ld be ap�e to app l y for 70% Fe der al fund s for the construc tion of water and sew­ age facil itie s f or that par t of the Township Reservation l ocated near Prince­ ton. Pre se nt sanitary and housing fac ilities in that l ocation are the worst of any on the three Reservations; suc h sanitary f ac il itie s wil l be e ssential for the deve l op me nt of the ne H housing pr ograms the Tribe desires in that area . I n spe aking in suppor t of the b ond issue b il l , as he d id several time s during its arduous r oad thr ough the Le gislature , Gover nor Cur tis state d : " I f state gover nment - and I me an the legislative a s we l l a s �xe cu tive brenc he s - is going to repre se nt itse l f a s concerned about the educ ation of our young, I . don't see how we can ignore the disma l pl ight of our I nd ians , not only be cause they have to atte nd the poorest school s in our state , but because the y a l so l ive under the mos t tr ying c ir cumstances possible .11 '11le Gover nor further pointed out that since the U . s. Civil �ights Commission d e termined last summer that Indian r ights are not being infr inged upon, "we can procee d with a pr ogram of d eve l op ment on the ir three rese rv ations. " (The Commission had determined that operation of the school s on the 3 Re serva tions did not viol ate the Civil Rights Act. Ed . ) • �(2 ) D EMOCRATIC PARTY QUES TIONAIRE D I S TRIEUTED The Naine D emo cr a t i c Par t y r e c e nt ly d i s t r ib u t e d i t s 1 9 68 Pla t form Que s ­ t io nair e to t he general pub l i c . In t e nded as "an a t t e mpt to ob t a i n a wide range o f vie ws o n t he i mpor t a nt i s su e s fac i ng our S t a t e and Na tion" on t he par t o f t he 19 68 Democr a t i c Pla tform Commit tee , t he que s t ionair e con tains s e c t ion s on s uc h topi c s as Edu ca t i o n , Eco no mi c Deve lopme nt , Na tur a l Re s our c e s , Labor , Hea l t h & We l fare - and Ind i an Affair s . C o pie s o f t he que s t ionaire may be r e �ue s t ed from t he Maine De mocr a t i c Par ty, 2 7 7 L i s bon S tr e e t , Le wi s ton , Ma ine 0424 0 . The New s l e t t er her e r e pr i nt s t ho s e que s t ions per t a ining to Ind i a n Affair s , w i t h the t houg ht t ha t readers mi ght l i ke t o submi t t he ir r e ac t ions t o t he Par ty . I ns truc t io ns accompanying t he que s t ionaire ind i ca t e t ha t as many, or a s fe w , que s t ions may b e a nswered a s a n ind iv idu a l de s ir e s . Add i t iona l c o mme nt s on any s ub je c t are s o lici ted . Re s pons e s may be s i gned, or no t , as an ind iv idu a l d e s ire s . Her e ar e t he que s t ion s l i s t ed und er t he Ind ian Affairs s ub-heading• Any r e ader wi s hi n g t o submi t an s wer s or comme n t s to t he s e que s t ions s hould send t he m d ir e ct ly to t he Maine D e mocra t i c Par ty , at t he above - l i s ted addre s s . • • • I ND IAll AFFAIRS 1. Sho u ld t he S ta t e -admini s tered e l e ment ary s c ho o l s o n Maine ' s t hree (3 ) Re s erva t ions be br ought up t o t he phys i c a l and educ a t ion a l s t andard s ex pe c t e d of o t her Maine publ i c s choo l s 7 2. S ho u l d s pe c i a l i ze d vo cat ion a l training, adu l t educ a t ion and e mployme nt c ounse l l i ng pro gr a ms be i ni t ia ted for Maine 's Pas samaquoddy and Pe nob s co t Tr i ba l memb e r s , t o a s s i s t i n i mproving the e conomic cond i t ions o f ind iv ­ i d ua l s and t he �e s ervat i on commun i t i e s 7 3. Do y o u fe e l Re s erva t ion Re s erva t io n s id i ze fro m 4. S hou ld t he Mai ne S t ate Depar t me n t o f I nd i an Affairs be s ta ffed and fund ed s o a s t o enab l e it to as s i s t t he trib e s in reachi ng admin i s t r a t ive ind e pen­ d e nc e as soon a s po s s ib le ? 5. Do you fe e l t ha t pl an s and programs s hould b e de s i gned so t ha t fund s and aut hor i ty c a n be ex t e nd e d d ire c t ly t o t he Pas s amaquoddy and Penob s c o t Tr ibe s (r a t her t ha n t o t he D e par t me nt of Ind ian Affa i rs ) a s r apidly as t r ib a l org a ni za t i o n per mi t s 7 6. T;Jhat fur t he r s te ps s hould b e t aken to i ncre a s e s e lf-government and economi c s e l f- s uffic i en cy among Maine Ind i an s ? 7. Ple a s e no t e � in ord er o f i mpor t an c e , what you b e l ieve are t he mo s t i mpor t ant a c t i o ns t he 1 04t h Le gi s lature could take to i mprove Mai ne I nd ian Affair s . t hat S ta t e mat c hing fund s s ho uld be made avai lab l e to t he communi t ie s to make po s s ib l e sani t a t io n, hou s ing and o t her impr ove me nt progr ams , whi c h t he Fe der a l governme nt can s ub ­ 5 0% - 70%? Nm7 BRUNS WICK IND IANS ORGANIZE A mee t ing of r e pr e s e nt a t iv e s fro m t hree Mal i s e e t Re s erve s in New Bruns ­ w i c k r e c e nt ly , may have s par ked w ha t t hey.hope w i ll b e a Uni on o f Ne w Brunswic k I ndi a ns . At t ending t he c o nference wer e Chi e f D a n Atwi n and Counc i l l or Wal t er Paul of the King s c le ar Re s erve , Chi e f Haro ld Sappi e r and Councillor s Willard Paul (Co nt inued on Page 4) �- 3 E EDITOR: EUG �I D I 0 T R A L S (ThOM.S ) THOMfSON (Penobscot) News and stories may be subraitted to the Newsletter for publication following address: at the Pine Street Freeport, 04032 865-4253) Maine, (Telephone: Letters to t1e '!;ditor are welcome but must confar required by every newspaper. They must bear the 1 to the rules rrit8r1s correct name and address although pen names must be signed thoush names will be with­ held from publication on request. Preference will be given to letters not over .350 1;1ords in length. Letters are subject to condens�_tion or editing ··when space limitations require dnd to correction of grahll1'Bl::" or obvious errors. x x x x COMiiENTS BY The February issue on · Indians. x x ·rHE EDITOR f Cavalier magazine will contain an article The Penobscot Tribe is mentioned, 1967, Nov, as well as my brother The article was written by Alan R. illiam Thomas. Letter, x 3) p. I saw the issue Le1.10nd (See �ews­ associate editor of Cavalier. 1hile in New York at Christ . ...:1s tii::e, and I might add that the content of the article goes alittle deeper thaR Cavalier usually seem9 to. x x x AG.HN C.!iLL Since last summer several Newslett.:r readers have sto:Jped in to see me, only to find I \'laB Some called back but several were not at home. passing through the state and could not. I was sorry to miss talking with these peorle too. I arn Nelfare, after a social worker for the at 6 at 180 (Maine) Department of Health and Middle Street in Portland. night and on weekends, Usually I am at home only but even this is not alwc.ys the case, so the best ·�ay to contact rue would be to telephone fir�t and set a time. So, Indians, I if you ·vill try again or whatever you have be will glad to t 11-.: with you about in ruind. x x x �UEbTIONS ! Surveys A and reports are always being made on the Indians and opinions a�e al�ays being made as how to solve the Indian problems in Maine, and at ti�es it still is clear very little is then ever done to remedy the situation. I�would�say that is ccming to realization at long last, progress in some areas but nevertheless research needs to be done and more specific, be given to the following questions. I think more factual answers need to (Cont'd on page 5.) �(4 ) NET·7 BR UNS\HCK ( Continue d. fro m Page 2 ) • • • • and Alvin Atwin of the Oromocto Re s er ve . Acting as l i a i s on for the Tob i que Re ser ve ..;·1as Mr . And r e w Ni c ho la s o f 11as hwaaks i s . Pro bl ems a ffe c ting mo s t o f the r e s er ve s wer e d i s cu s s e d and a l l agreed hou s ing was hi gh on the l i s t. It was unan imous ly de c id e d that a gener a l invitation b e s e n t to a l l New Bruns wi c k Ind ians invi tin g them to attend the conference on the e s tab l i s hment of the propo s ed Un ion of Hew Bruns 1:·1ick Ind ians . (From The Indian Ne ws , Ottawa , On tar io , December 1 9 6 7 ) PAS SAMAQUODDY SANITATIOU APPLICATIOHS F I LED · On January 1 9th appl ications from the Ple a s ant Point and Ind ian Town ship Passamaquodd y Re s e r vation Hou s ing Author ities were filed w i th the re gional o ffi ce o f the Economi c D e ve lo pmen t Admini s tration , in Portland , fo l lo wing mee tings of b o th Author itie s on the 1 6th and 1 7th. The s e important do cuments are re quests for 70% Federal fund ing of the c o s ts of con s truc tion of s e wa ge and water fac i l itie s on both Re s ervation s b ad l y ne eded for e xi s ting hou s ing, and e s s enti a l for any n e w hous ing d ev e l op­ The remainin g 30% of con s truction c o s ts has already been appr o pr i ated ments . by the S ta te , to be trans ferred to the Hou s in g Authorities when the Federal money b e come s ava i l ab le . Chair man Geor ge S teve n s , Jr . , of the Indian Towns hi p Author it� , and Chair ­ man Eu gene F ranc i s , of the P l e a s ant Point Author i ty , s i gned the applications Pr ior to this action , each Author ity had met with its re s pe c tive for the fund s . Tr ib a l Counc i l for a general d i s cu s s ion of the appl ic ation and r e lated hous ing Inc lud e d with the appl ication s to the E . D . A. were �aps outl ining a plan s . tentative Re s ervation deve l opment plan , which received initial approva l from the Tr iba l Counc i l s . F und s obtained from the F e deral government, as we l l as tho s e appropr iated b y the S ta te for sewage and water con s truction , wil l be admini s ter ed d ir e ctly by the two Hou s in g Author i ti e s , and all pro gram decis ions wi l l b e made b y the s e two fiv e -member bod i e s . "Wi lderne s s Kingd o m: BOOK REVIEW The Journa l s and Pain tings o f F a ther Ni colas Po in t" The ho l i day s e ason has produced a number of '1bi g books " b u t few ar e a s impr e s s i ve as thi s one , pub lished b y Ho l t , Rinehart & T.Jins ton . Pub l ication of this huge $ 1 7 . 9 5 boo k has re s cued from near -ob l i vion the valuab le impr e s s i ons­ in word s and pic ture s - o f a man who s aw an important part of our ear ly h i s tory . F a ther Po int was the diar i s t and r e c order of a smal l Je s u i t mis s ion to the Ind i an c ountr y o f the Roc ky Mountains , Idaho . and Montana , between 1 840 and 1 84 7 , a per iod when on ly a fe w white trad e r s had r e ached the are a . He wrote about Ind ian custo ms , camps , huntin g , med i c ine and witchcraft, As an untrained painter , he pre s er ved the ir b e l ie fs and the ir tr iba l war s . in many mini a tur e s the i ma ge s of the Indians he met and the ir way s o f l i fe . Hi s favor ite s wer e the F l athe ad s , but he a l s o b e came ac quainted wi th He s tudied not Couer s d ' Al e ne s , Blackfoot, Crows , Ne z Pe rce s and other s . on l y the peo pl e but the fl ora and fauna o f the terr i tory he vis i te d . F a ther Point was a c cntempor ary of the Amer i can painter George Catlin , and whi l e l e s s s kil l ed as an arti s t , he has re cord ed many s cenes that o ther ­ Hi s journ a l and i ts il lu s trations wer e a l mo s t for­ wis e wou l d have b e e n l o s t . in a Je suit ar chive near Montr eal until the y were r e d i s covere d by a gotten Thi s journa l is an important item for anyone intere s te d in Je s u i t s cho l ar . (From the Maine Sunday Te l e gr a m , 1 2/2l�/ 6 7 , by Norman F ournie r Amer ic an Indian s . �- 5 - (QUEST IO 1Sl Cont'd frou1 page 3) ('11 Questions refer to Indians living on Reservations in haine. ) 1. How many children leave school before 'ntering hish school? Jhy? 2. How many leave while in high school before gr· duation? �hy? 3. How does this compare gith Indians all over the U.S.? �ith other people living in Maine? 4. How does the lifes· an of the Indi�n in lraine co@pare with other U.S. Indians? Cor.1Jared to other citizens living in -"i<"'.ine? 5. How �any eligible Unefilployed? 6. � • are full tiwe er ployed? ·fay? eiployed? ll Vhat is being done to preserve Our Indian ·culture in Faine? Is it necessary that some of our Most authentic Indi�n reminders of - the � past be sold to colleges, ( Even as Florida? museums and individuuls as far when sowe tribal iteL.ls to one library a fe v years ago, 7 -art ti�e "dha t can be done about it? court action to get this hy do • 8. �V h a t it's been notetl. ) -_re the u1ost prevalent do soi· e re!Jain on the polluted waters, ii .:..nd disec..scs y;resent on the afflictions such c.s he .. rt, he.-:.ring proble ns, These ar& :lhy �hy do others return upon retire�ent? - eserve_ tions, about the a�ay by an individual the tribe rms unable even through ·aterial b�ck, Indians leave the Reservations? reservation? •."1'ere sold venerec.l, lune;, cancer, blindness, petigo and other skin irr it·-.tions frohl the etc.? the questions most often asked hle by people inquiring Indians liere in Maine, facts availuble and but for the most part there are n� I am not about to guess. Someone asked me recently what. the Indians were doing for themselves. He stated thut all he ever heard was what the else to do for them. I Indians wanted soilleone wonder what your reply would have been. LETTERS ( The o foll wi ng two letters are in answer to the letter by Helen re_printed in the December Newsletter from the Brm1B�lick-Bath, Ross, Record, Nov. 14, 1967. Times -Ed.) Dear Editor: I'm �vriting to you in rep;ard to the letter Belen Hoss wrote in the Decer.iber Newsletter about Don Gellers and the Indians. Don is 0orking for tue I would like to point out a few f�cts. ABd as far as working for himself, doing his utmost. and he He does not get woney from the Indi�ns or their entirely untrue. Indians, is this Trust Fund, e is but fro nough to get by on; different organizations. therefore, And this cloney is not he takes other ca.;es, too, in order to li v e reason abl y. Don Gellers knows �ore about the FassaLlaquod�y Indians and their 1/ashington County residents and perhaps more than A f:,OOd portion of i/ashington County anyone else in the United States. proble ms than most residents have alwnys been discriminating against the Indi�n vhether he w�s a Passama q uo u <l y or an Indian from some· other tribe. on County, And although he is a compar�tive newcomer t� Washingt Don ha s peeple Some doDe more for the Indians than others have ever done. in �ashington Gounty have done nothing for the Indian except to I'm not talking about all of the County, but snicker at him. laugh or the shoe fits, ve�r it. if ( Continued on page 6) �(I,et·cers ccint 'd from page - 6 5) for Helen � oss' old adage about being j� ge<l by t e company you there is also one that goes like this: "A r.1an 's home is his castle," and what he wants to do in that "castle" is his o n business! I also have numerous friends who are negro, iexican, Ger an, Spanish, Turkish, Japanese, Italian, French, Polish, Korean, .'ustralian, keep, As Canadian, white, and Jewish. I have associated with these people at one time or another. So wh�t does that �ake me? I don't know how some people judge me and I really don't care. All I care about is what my friends think of me. And I have few enemies in the States (except for a few prejudiced people). This is still Free America, and I will keep co .�ny with anyone I choose. The plight of the assamaquoddy people are being made known all over the United States and Canada, also a fe� foreign countries. This is being done through the efforts of peo1le who are very concerned ·about us: Don Gellers, Edward Hinckley, Nilliam H. ¥illiamson, Andrea Schermer, Mrs. Peabody, Dr. Willard Walker, the VISTA's, the Maine Indian Newsletter, and various other people and organizations. I can name quite I know Don C. instances where Indians were discriminated few a have been printed already in various newspapers. these cases But against. Gellers personnally and I know concerned about the Indians. reople Some the Indians known to say that "tie is• just getting riled up Also some one had to get them the City of Machias during anyone riled up." But some­ when Christopher Columbus came over. I wish we had him one has to. that he is genuinely from w/ashington County have when they helped to defend the Revolutionary !ar (and I don't think complained about riled-up Indians then - except mayb-e the British). Sincerely, Morris Brooks Tribal Council �efilber Passamaquoddy Tribe Rrinceton, (A copy of the original , following letter was sent to the Newsletter, while the it is presumed was sent to Dear Editor: Referring to contained in the Maine x x x x -�d.) the Times-Record. the slander, hy�ocrisy and glaring misinformation letter of Ross, Helen H. (Ti�es-Record, Nov. 14, 1967) as one of our prominent Democratic Farty noruinees for President, of the 1920's, was famous for saying, "Let's look at the record." (Al Silith) Helen Ross says, it's true that the �leasant faint Indi&ns are political voice, pointing 9ut that, �hey have a and implying that, her long time res�dence and activity in the County has made her acquainted with that fact. The truth is: The Indians were interested in, informed how to, and urged to form, the Reservation Democratic Committee by Mr. Gellers. kept without effective They had no such organization before Democratic Committee, didn't, if Mr. will inform Gellers confirm you that there would I am sure. In a recent Washington County, Superior Court the or deliberately Committee Frqneis Sapiel as will all four other members of the Reservation Democratic Committee, of indictments Ross failed to, gotten this one off the ground. hadn't this, this. still be no such Reservation Maine Superior Court,_ action a number against Passamaquoddy Indians were Justice for the reason dishlis0ed by the that no Indians were included in This was effective politicql voice? Although Congress, in 1L924, gave all Indians full citizenship, page 7) (Cont'd Jury List. �- 7 (Letters Cont'd from p. �ine didn't until 1955, 6) get around to giving the Passamaquodjys the right to vote and even then, deliberately omitted'the printing of that section of the ballet permitted the legislature. (delivered to the Reservations) which would have Indians to vote for a representative to the �·.'aine The Indian Representative they were permitted to vote for had no voice and no vote there. Can Ross tell you when the This was effective political voice? Indians were permitted to vot'e for a representat. 1965, the saw.e as Naine's other citizens? gave them the right to vote? No. ten years .:...fter Eleven years after? lhe 1966. matter of fact they had no proper ballots as late as having an effective No! Legislature As a This is a long and as Ross implies - for political voice, time? Helen Ross may in fact be a long-time resident of dashington County, but her monumental ignorance of our inhabitants and the social inequality practiced upon them, fifty years, or forced upon them, leads me to believe that my my father's three-quarters of a century, not to wention my grand father and great grand parents being local residents, give me a is likely to slight advanta.,e in knowing the treatment accord�d our long-time neighbors, the Passamaquoddys. to let sleeping dogs lie. hoped the problem We know the would solve itself, reason to believe th-_t the of life if educated, jobs far afield. that there a . we have been content and the State did give us every Indians would doled out Locally, Indians were there but we kind-of­ just fade into the mainstream bare subsistence, and forced to seek T.e fact that no white man took the time to understand .Jas a problem, only points up the fact that our residents were supre 1ely tolerant of the Indians to the point of co1iiplete indifference. Mr. Helen Ross &lso i plies that perhaps you were more concerned with Gellers than the Indians, but fbr the record it is certainly apparent that she was more interested in slander by innuendo and misinformation by distortion than in concern her facts. long-ran;!·e vie reporters on. / Even in her reQark about the from Cumberland and Sagadahoc, were so she implies that these far from this area they couldn 1 t know what wl.s going She failed to inform you that, Mr. Williamson at least, reporters spent a great deal of time in this area, intervieving people, one of the on several occasions, watching what was transpirin� in the Courts, and thus his view of events was certainly a great deal closer and clearer than Helen's. None of these protestations, that nothing is '¥ron , distortions of truth and arguments nothing has been wrong, the Indians are happy, are going to convince either the Indians, or those who are genuinely concerned for their welfare that everything is now fine. Even the long-time residents who would like you to believe this are finding their own vords ringing hollowly in their ears. they h2ve all their rights, It has taken me some time to cooe to write you to set this matter straight, first, because I did not believe that your readers were gullible enough to swallow such remarks in the face of recent factual articles you have carried, r·e vived in the Maine and second because now the matter has been Indian Newsletter, I now feel impelled to set the matter straight before there is even wider circulation given a�d somehow peopl.e come to believe through repetition. You know, if you tell any big lie often enough it will pick up believers. Very truly yours, Charles A. Lewis . East po rt, Maine (LETTERS, Cont'd on page 8) �- 8 LETT�RS , C on t 'd from page 7 ) D e ar Editor : B�bara ( Ke nd a l l) an d I hav e b o t h b e e n honored b y being asked to be me iiib e rs of t he In dian C ommun it y Ac t ion Frogrc-m C omwi t t e e . If you s t il l hav e c opie s , you may be gin the s ub s crip t ions wi th t he i s s u e c on t aining t he le t t e r from He l e n H. Ros s maliging Don G e l l ers . Mrs . R os s s e e ms t o b e misguid e d in he r v ie ws on Don - a11d as for G ov . C urtis l abe l lin g him " c on t rov e rs ial" - I wou ld rat he r be "c ontro v e r­ s ia l" t han " z e ro". All n e w c ome rs to 1./ashing t on C oun t y are looke 1..l upon wit h s us pic ien a n d e s pe c ially s o if t he y que s tion the ill o tiv e s and t raditional at titud e s o f t he "Bs tab lis hme n t . 1 1 • • • S in c e re ly, Virginia Po t t l e Pe rry , !'Jain e B o t h t he s e s ub s c ripti o n s are non - Indian but pro - Indian . ) (P.S . x x x x D e ar Edit o?:' : Havin g re ad your artic le in t he Ba t h-Bruns wic k (fv1e . ) Time s -Re c ord, 0 f lfo v 14 ' 19 6 7 As my la t e fa ther Samu e l G e orEe C o l s on , born in 1861 and d ie d 1934, his mothe r C hris t in e G . Le ight on C ol s on b orn 1829, die d 1902 was a £ull b l o o d e d Indic::n from the Pe n o b s c o t Trib e at Old T own , J\:ain e . I we n t p e rs onal l y up t o s e e C hie f Po o law or ( Gre y Wo lf) in 1960 and he v e rifie d my lat e fa t he r ' s mother b e ing a full b lo od e d I ndian 100%, and s a id my fat he r c arrie d t he n ame of (white Hors e ) and he , C hie f Poo l aw or Gre y Wo lf , had me t ake t he oot h a s I won t e d to be a m e mb e r of his trib e and he gav e me the t i t me of my lat e fa t he r ' s name (Whit e Hors e ). I hav e b e e n t o Indian I s land at Old Town , haine (2) t wic e s in c e 1959. Now , if pos s ib le , I would' like more inf ori:1ation, about t he Maine Indians as I am v ery proud to b e of t hat b looR . - I hav e in my p os s e s sion a pic t ure of Chief Gre y Wo lf (Foo lar) an d Also his s igna t ure . his famil y gav e it t o me in 1960. My l a t e fat he r took me t o Main e e ver sin c e I wa s (6) years old and n ow I am (67). VJe s ure would appre c iate any Ne ws le t t e r. - }?a s t or pre s en t or future on the Maine ren ob s c o t Tri b e mf Indian s S in c ere ly yours , G e orge Leight on C o ls on F ort Laude rdale , Florida . • • • • • • x x x • • • x D e ar S ir : I am a memb e r of an e xperime ntal t he a t er group in Bos t on whic h is �Ve have c urre n t ly working with a t he me of the A,ueric an In dian . b e c ome partic ularly iht e re s t e d in t he Indians of 0aine and would ' appre c iate any ma t erial you oan .:>uggest d e s cribing t he ir his t ory, c ul t ure , t ra di t i o n s , folklore , etc . We are inte re s t e d in obtainin g a c opy of the b o o k "G lus kap t he . Liar and 0t h e r In dian T ale s " b y Hora c e P . Be c k whic h I saw a d v e rt is e d i n your n e w s l e tt er, an d a s ub sc ription to t h e Haine Indian Ne ws le t t er . S in c e re ly yours , Joan Mofe n s on · �- 9 LET1 -R':>, Cont'd from -p. 8) BUCKING THE ESTb.BLISEh_.NT Logging Contracts Unfair Dear Sir: a Passamaquoddy Indian of Dana Point Reservation. I bought a tractor through F.H. A. And I was trying to get a lo&ging contract from the Indian Township. But Roger Milligan the land a�ent and Froif. I'm craw - Randall of Orono - rouldn 't let ae cut. I also ask Georgia and P2,cific for a job and they turned me down. So I'ill ask.in[ you to help us to get a contract. This is the only way we can suptort our fa�ilies. I -- .. hired 2 ore men, t!:ey to have fa�ilies. We Indians wc:�nt the same privilage to cut on our land, like the -1hite wan and Georgia Pacific Co. _ nytine a white ;,ian wants a contract from the Indian township, they can get it. But us Indians don't have the sawe privilage, like they do, even though we ovm the land • • Je like to help ourselves, all the tiLie. families. instead of de_ endin;s on the Indi .. :.n agent So I'm asking you to help us in order to support our h!ld make a better home for them. Sincerely yours Albert Earnois Dana Foint ··,e. Princeton,_ ('li'ditor 's note: re uested by iir, This lett�r was reprinted trom the .Vi_gwa11 1Jeekly as Harnois. The Newsletter understands a sLnilar letter was sent to Gov. Curtis. Je hope t is matter does not get passed over. The Ne:rnletter would like a statement from Roger Hilligan and Prpff. Randall regarding their authority over Indian Township, and an ex�lanation of why every one but Indians can obtain persission to use the land. This situation has existed for years, but wost people who are not· Indiah never hear of it. This kind of rank prejudice should get the Indians riled up, Helen Ross notwithstanding. The Newsletter will have more on this next •aonth; il.eanuhile we hope our readers will inquire into this matter with us.) x Dear Mrs. x x Thou11_,son: nclosing a check th� x for $2 .00 enjoynent we get from the which is a small payment in return for Indian Newslettar. We are Indians and operate a small shop of Indicin Crafts of our ff1aine Tribes and other Tribes. Being able to �ake our own craits is a lucky thin� for us as Indian work in this area is getting more and more difficult to get. �test of us Indians in the business are hindered to soLle extent from buying from our people by 11 V/hite Indian" shops. a monopolizer in the trade Rho sells only to Business is business, but iJoney is green in any man's language wouldn't you say? I think it i,rnuld be nice to have an "Honest Injv.n" who could help or represent the Indian in theae matters. Another gripe is the white Indian sho·iJs that advertise to the sky and when you enter the shops find "so:Je}' Indian work stuck in a corner a�e 10) (Continued on �- 10 - and most w o r k mad e by Hong Kong Ind i ans , and not an Indian in sight . Please , I'm n o t a disagr e e able pe rson - just a i r ine o ff a l i t t le . Ke e p up t he g o od w or k o n your pape r - r·1an y t l an_-s r o r L.:any p le asant mome n t s . S ince r e ly, C h r is Nich olas S e arspo r t , 1-:ai n e (I a gr e e . I hav e p lann e d for soi; e t ime t o r e :Jrint an i t e ru fr om t he first i ssue of t h e Ne wsle t t e r (Au gust 1966 ) and t his se eu1s like an appr opr ia' t im e . ) PROTECTION OF INDIHN 1RTS A.ND C RhFT Pr o t e ct i on for eonsum e r s and pr oduce rs of Indi an and Eskimo A r t s a nd C r aft s . Wha t is the F e d e r a l Le gisl at i on: The Act of C ongr e qs which cre at e d the Ind i�n A r t s and C r aft s Board, spe cifie s as foll ows: "S e c. 6 . .Jho e v e r w i l lfu lly offe rs or d isplays for sale any go ods, w i t h o r w i t ho u t any G ov e r nme n t t ra d e oar k, as Indian pr oducts or Indian pr o duct s of a par t icu la r Ind ian t r i b e or group r esid e nt wi thin t he Un i t e d S t a t e s o r t he T e r r i t o r y of Alaska , whe n such pe rson knows such go ods a r e n o t Indi�n p r o d ucts or are n o t Indian �ro d uct s of t he par t i cular Indi an t r i b e o r gr oup shall be fi n e d not raore t h an $500 or imprisoned n o t � o r e t han si x mont �s or b ot h. Ev i d e n�e of v i olat i on of S e ct i on 6 of t he Act shou�d b e dir e ct e d t o t h e Indian Ar t s and C raft s Board, U . S . D e par t me n t of the In t e r i or, Washingt on, D.C . 20240. C ase s of Misr e p r e se nt �t i o n may also be r e �or t e d t o t he F e d e ral T r a de C om.missi on, Pe nnsy lvania �v e nu e a t 6 t h S t r e e t , N.vv., ;.Jashingt on , D . C . " x x x x x x x �ome t ime a go the Ne wsl e tt e r r e ce i v e d t h e foll owing i t em se n t t o us by C h i e f S t r ong Horse of t he Pue b l o and · t he Narra�ans�t T r i b e as he t ho u g h t many of o u r Maine Indi ns w ould b e int dr e st �d; -�d) "i l l iman t ic - C hi e f An t h o n y J. Tamar, 62, of 54 Jame s Rd . , ..Jindham (Conn.) head of t he Algonq uin Indian t r ibe , die d Mondey (Sept . 4, 1967) at .·JindharJ. Community 1e mor ial Bosp i t al . He '.fas se r v i n g his se cond year as chie f of t1je Nort h Awe r ic n Indian C lub . C h i e f T o m e r b e ca�e a we ll-kn own figur e aft e r he made se v e ral tPlev�sio n and r adi o a ppe a rances de scr i b i n� Ind i an cul t ur e , craf t s and ce r e Qonial dance s. He was b or n i n Gre e nv i lle , Maine , and was e mp l o Y,ed a t PBa t t & Whi t n e y A ircraft C o. un t i l his r e t i reme nt in 196l . He was a me mb e r of Owe be t uck G r ange , PofH, S o u t h •�in dham, communi can t of the Firs. t Bapt ist Church and was a Wor ld War II v e �e r an. He l eqve s his wife , Max ine Hobbs T ome r of Windham; fiv e daught e rs, five sons, his mo t he r , Nrs Ka t h e r ine N. T ome r , Gr e e nv i l le , Maine ; t w o b r o t he r s, Noe l T oLle r, Gr e e nv ill e , Mai n e a n d dilfr e d Tome r, Old T own, Maine , t h r e e sist e rs, T'-'irs . C e l i a C o t e , t'!i lo, r•Ja ine , 1rs G e r aldine S olomon of C anad a and Eiss Je nny T ome r , R o ckwo od, I1a in e and t hl:r t y grandchild r e n. � X X X X JC X X �(11) NffiJ :NDIAn L\GENT Aj?:--�r�. J'F"J BY PAS SA 1AOU DDY TRIBAL ('')'l'j JG _,s . . At last night 1 s joint m'=e":ing of the . Indi&r: "_ ·n· :.ip and I':\ , . �ant Point Horace 11Bud11 reston was appointed by the two Ccuncils to Tribal Councils, serve as permanent Indian Agent for the Calais office. During this meeting, held at the Calais Indian office, Mr. Weston and another applicaat for the job, Lawrence D. Fike, were interviewed by the Councils' members. Indian Commissioner Edward C. Hinckley conducted the meeting, but was not present when the Councils voted on the appointment; thus marking the first time Indians alone have been able to choose their own Indian Agent. Attending the meeting from Indian To�mship 1·1ere Governor John Stevens, Morris Brooks, Basil LaCoote, Pauline Stevens, Archie LaCoote, Joan Dana, and VISTAs Bruce Thomas and John Larme. (Attending from Pleasant Point were Governor Joseph Mitchell, Lt. Governor Timothy Newell, Daniel Francis, Garfield Holman, John Nicholas, Mary Sapiel, Mary Yann51l and Irene Lewey.) Commissioner Hinckley opened the meeting at 8 P.M. by explaining the employment requirements for a salaried state position such as Indian Agent. Re stated that there were 8 applicants for the position who were 11rated by the Examining Division of the Department of Personnel on the basis of experience and education combined, and assigned numerical scores.'' Commissioner Hinckley then said that the three applicants having the highest scores were invited to Applicants Mr. this meeting to have interviews with the Councils' members. Heston and Mr. H. Pike were interviewed at the meeting, but the third applicant, Leon Andrews, could not attend because he was in Florida. Mr. �Teston, who has served as a temporary Indian Agent since Tony Kaliss left the position, was the first of the two applicants to be interviewed by Mr. the Councils. Pike was interviewed next, and then Commissipner Hinckley left the meeting while the Councils discussed the applicants and voted on the applicants. All members of the two Councils appointed Mr. Weston • (From the Wigwam Heekly, Indian Township Reservation, • • • 1 / 1 2 / 68 ) SPOTLIGHT: INDIAN AGENT by Richard Dana Horace "Budn Heston, age 43, was appointed official Indian Agent for the Passamaquoddy Tribe last night by the Tribal Councils of Indian Township and Pleasant Point. This is the first time an Indian Agent has been chosen by the Indians themselves and not a state official. Mr. Weston's employment record includes journalism work, public school Englisp teacher, social worker, case worker, and before last night he was where he will continue to be - the Calais Indian office - serving as �emporary agent since Tony Kaliss left that position. During his interview with- the Councils' members, Mr. !eston stated that he has enjoyed his job of temporary agent and would plan to stay indefinitely if he became permanent agent, which he did. Mr. �7eston spoke highly of the CAP program as a great road of success, saying "Right now, I don't know what we would do without it." Mr. Weston said that perhaps one improvement that could come about would be better communication between possible Indian employers ��d the Indians. In reply to a question of whether he would be willing to work with the Tribal Councils, Mr. Weston stated that he was "perfectly willing to work with anyone" for the benefit of the Tribe. Applicants for the Indian Agent position were evaluated by the state Department of Personnel and Mr. Weston received the highest score of the eight Mr. Weston is married and lives in Pembroke. men who applied for the job. (From the Wigwam }i���_ly. Tndian Tnwn�hip Rese1:vat:1.on. 1/12/68) �(12) Ers, Eugenia Ynompson, Editor L:uu� Ii:.dian Newsletter Pine Street Ja:J �ry . 4032 Freeport, Maine Dear Mrs. Thompson; Thank you v ery much for contacting me about Mr. Albert Harnoist letter to you regarding logging work on the Indian Township Reservation. Mrs. Harnois called me about this on January 15th, and by January 17th I was able to provide her with the following information - in person, through r. Weston, the agent in our Calais office, and by letter. mation with you and the Newsletter readers. I am happy to share this infor­ ( See Page 9, this issue - Ed. ) Cutting of timber on Indian Township is on a "sustained yield" basis, so that the income produced enters the Tribe's trust fund at a relatively steady rate each year. it grows. That is, the wood is harvested approximately at the.same rate The alternative method of cutting would be "clear cutting" whereby the whole Township might be totally cut in a short time; after that there would be no income for many years, while new trees were growing. This sustA.ined yield cutting is jointly managed by the University of Maine ( School of Forestry ) ,. the State Department of Forest Service, and the Georgia-Pacific Corporation - each agency providing certain services under a three-way contrac�. This contract, and the activities of the three agencies, are annually reviewed by the Ind ian Township Management Committee, which includes representatives of the three agencies, myself, an d the two Passamaquoddy G overnors. !'.!21 One of the conditions of this working agreement is that non-Indians will be employed cutting wood on the Township. In past years, because of dif­ ficulty in obtaining an all-Indian crew to v.ork on the Township, the planned Any crew working on "cutting schedule" for the Township has fallen behind. the Township is expected to cut a certain quota of wood each week; the wood which may be cut is that which has been marked for cutting , in accordance with the cutting schedule, in certain definite locations on the Township. Since early this fall, an all-Indian logging crew, under the direction of When Mrs. Harnois Mr. Joseph Sockabasin, has been cutting on the Township. called me about her husbandts desire to begin cutting on the Township, I did I some checking with representatives of the three agencies mentioned above. 1 ) Georgia-Pacific, as a whole, has recently found out three pertinent things. had to lay-off 5 of its 34 logging crews because of over-production - in other words, more w:>od had been cu t than the Company could haul out or use during the winter. 2) Normally, the a mount of wood which could be cut from the Township during a year, .under the sustained yield program, w:>uld only support a single 3) However, because the Township1s cutting schedule had fallen logging crew. behind, it was felt that a second all-Ind ian crew could be used on the Tow:nBhip at this time. Accordingly, Mr. Harnois was advised to contact Georgia-Pacific again with his tractor and a crew of four Indian c utters, a nd it is my understanding that he a nd his crew have been working on th e Township since about January 19th. I do not pretend to be an expert I hope this will answer your questions. in forest management, but - in cooperation with Tribal officials - we are looking for ways in which the Township's resources may be more beneficial to the Passa-· Right now, I am delighted that there are two .5-man Indian maquoddy Tri be. crews employed on the Township. Sincerely, Hinckley, Conmdssioner Department of Indian Affairs Edward c. �I I 1) � ) COL' NZL JOHN A1LAN 'by John Francis Sp-r:'.01--' � ( Continued fr m De cemb er i ss �· " _. The re sult ( of the appeal by Chief Oreno of th e Penobs cot 1'ribe ) was an urgent appeal to Ma ssachuset t s Coleny by Celenel Allan for aid in b ehalf of the s e Indians . He said in part : " • • • I Inquired & Exanined int. the Pertfoulars sett forth by theu, - and f 'Jund that their Coin.plaints were but te Just & True, & Such as must reflect the greatest Dishonour on many perso n s settled on that River I shall Cora:;:iuni c at e the perticulars t� Congre ss as it is the Indians Earne st des ire, & Trust that all will Cast an Eye o f Pity on t he s e Poor Wr etche s , that Just e s s �ay be done thera, & be 9etter taken c are of for the fut er . 11 In t he fall of 1780, the British Indian agent nade an unusu al effort to induc e the Indi ans to forsak e the Ameri cans and unite wt th their arny·. For a long period no suppli e s from Bo ston had reac hed Machias for th e Ind ians and it s eemed as though a faIJine would ensu e . After nany futile attenpt s to awaken the Council to th e perils of the Eastern country, which appeared to Colonel Allan so ir:la:i.ne nt , h e decided t hat i t was nec e s s ary for hil'n · to go to Beston and have a perso nal int erview with the authoritie s in erder to s ecure the nece s s ary aid . When th e Indi ans were inf orn�d ., f hi s int ent ion t• leave than fo r t hi s purpo s e, they feared t hat he ;night never return and refused their cons ent and da;iand ed some s ecurity for the f\J. lfillment of his pro�rl. se s � rt was finally arranged that he should leave hi s two oldest sons, Mark and Willi am, in the hands of the Indian s as hostage s . . . . Colonel Allan 1 s home and he adquarters was at Mac hias unti l the cles e of tho war . In July, 17831 h e visited Bo sto n and resigned his position. In 17S4 he r eturned to Maine and entered upon mercantile 9u sine s s on wh at was afterwards kno-wn as Allan ' s Island . In tw• years he closed his 'Dusine s s and reti red at Lube c �.ii ll s, where . he r esided until his death, February 7, 1805 . In lt'9 a m� nument was erected e ver hi s grave whi ch is �n the Island that 9 ears his name . In 1789 he s ent a farewell addre s s to th e Indi ans as follows : 11 IN DIAN EASTERN DEPAR'IMEN T MACHIAS , April Z?, 178� To the Penob s cot, Marishute, Madewascow, all the rest o f the · St . John, Pass runaquoddy, ¥ ck-macks and all .i •th ers, friend s and brnthers to Ameri ca and the French Natie n : Brothers - Peac e attend you with the Ble ssings • f the Great God to rest on you and family 1 s - My joy is ffJr your good health and p ro sperity - open your eyes , e ar s ·and heart s - Hear and attend String o f to wh at I say - I s alute you with a loving heart . • • • · Wampum. Brothers ... I see you have b ec�r.:ie much scattered and divided ; t h at Geed Coun0:il fQr your S afety cannQt be procured with�ut b eing more together and knowing one another ' s mind s . Broth ers - The opportunity will e e very advantageou s and s s afe for you t� g et tegether : - The supplies and troop ordered t• thi s Country for it s defense an:i your Safety by Ameri c a and France, wi ll prevent t he enemi e s of our Country from oolesting us :in our imperl ant busines s . Broth ers ... I d e the refo re now by thi s b elt o f Wampum i n the name ef th e go od p eeple o f the U . S . of .Ameri c a, and by the duty ( C�ntinued en Page 14 ) �( 14 ) ( Continue d from Pag e 1 3 ) and a f fe c tion due your An c ient Father , the �in� o� �7an c e , by virtue of the Tr eaty of Fri end s hip s e tt l e- d and con f irn1�� d b e t-cveen the s e two Nation s , Summon and r e qu ir e you to me e t · me in Grand Counc i l , to be he ld at Pas samaquoddy, as s oon as po s s ib l e after the 2 8 th day of May , and for you to give me noti c e and in form me ther eof . Brothe rs - If you think of your Safety and that of your wive s and chi ldren , you w i l l not n eg l e c t thi s on any ac count Whate ve r . Fare-cve l l ti l l I see you . J. ALLAN Con tinen ta l Agent and Com ' d in Chi e f of Ind ians , Ea s tern De p ' t . " The B r i ti s h were very bi tter aga i n s t Colone l Al lan and for years a r eward of one hundred pound s was s e t u pon hi s head . They repeatedly made attempt s to inc i te the Ind ians to take hi s l i f e and of fered the m br ibes to d o so a s we have pr eviou s ly r e marked her e in , he i s entitled to much mor e r e � o gn i t i on and r enown than ha s yet been awarded hi m Jud ge Jone s , 1ho r e s i d ed a l ong per iod in Nac hi a s , and who we l l knew the hi s tor y o f Ea s tern Maine , s tated in 1 3 2 0 : " That i t ·was a n imme n s e advantage to the inha bi tants e a s t­ ward of the Penobs c o t that the great ma j or i ty of the . Pas s a ­ ma quoddy & S t . John Ind ian s j oined with us i n s te ad of adhe r ­ i n g t o the ene my, f or had they b e e n aga in s t us , a n d been s e t on by the Lr i ti s h t o plunder our towns and s e ttlements , the who l e popu l ati on mu s t have been d e s tr oyed . Gre at cre d i t i s d u e the Ind ian s for the ir r igid adherence to our cause, a lthough a t time s the commi s s ary ' s d e par tme n t wa s d e s t i tute of prov i s ion s and c l othing for them . " The s tory of the white man ' s supremacy over the red man in Nor th America is a hi s tory of a tr agedy of crue l ty and inj u s tice . The Je s ui ts , from the day that they fir s t landed en the Ame r i can c on­ tinent fu l l of z e a l and enthu s ia s m to found a n ew France and to conver t al l o f the Ind i an s to the Cathol i c faith , unti l the hour arr ive d when the l a s t o f the ir mi s s i on s b e c a me obs ol e te, a ppe ared t o c ompr e hend the nature of the Ind i an, tre ated him kind ly , won hi s a f f e c tion and proved to be a bl e s s ing and a comfort to him . Other s who were e qual ly as succe s s fu l in thi s re gard are f e w in number and oc cupy but l i ttl e s pace on the page s of Amer i can hi s tory . The me ed of pra i s e a l ong the s e l in e s due to Wi l l i am Penn, John El l iott, Jona than Edward s and a f ew o ther s i s great and s hould n e ver be over l ooked by any wr i ter u pon thi s s u bj e c t, and the name of Co lone l John A l l an be longs in thi s g a l axy of ju s t men . Hi s unceas ing f a i thfu lne s s to the ir cau s e and his kindne s s to them won the ir e ve r l a s ting l o ve and re s pe c t . On l y a s hort time b e f or e hi s death he vi s i ted the Pa s s amaquoddy tri be f or the l a s t time and placed in their kee ping hi s farewe l l me s s ag e in wr iting to them , the or i g in a l tr eati e s whi c h he had cau s e d to be made w i th Mas s ac huse tts in the ir b e ha l f, and l etter s r e l a t i ve to the s ame, and c harged the m to a lways pr e s er ve the m as l ong as the tr i be exi s ted The tr ibe ha s e ver s in c e the farewe l l vi s i t made it by Colonel Al lan tre a sured the pa pe r s and d ocu me nts whi c h- he l e f t with them and whenever a new Governor of the tr i b e i s e l e c te d the reti r ing Governor place s them in hi s c harge to be by him che r i s hed and pre s er ve d and pas s ed ove r to hi s suc­ c e s s or in of f ic e . And a l ong with thi s l i t tl e tr i ba l ar chive i s also handed d own through the gener a tions the s tory of the ir great benefactor and the pro­ found l ove that the ir fathers had for him . (From Sprague ' s Journ a l of Maine Hi s tory, Vol . 2 , No. 5 , Fe bruary 1 9 1 5 . S u bmitted by Mr . Howard Smith, a d i r e c t d e s cendant of Col . John A l l an . Ihe . �rti c l e beg an in the November 1 9 67 i s sue of the News l e tter . - Ed . } • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • �( 15) GOVERNOR cur.. TIS C I -TE S INDIAN PROGRAMS I N 'EAr E t LJ ::' � -' • • ' T . Indians are ano t her specia l group of citizen s who have been helped this As the Indian Reserva tions have no local pr oper ty tax re venues, the S t a te has a dis t in c t responsibil ity for providing adequate governmen t serv i ce s . A task force headed by the O . E . O . Direc tor s tudied the ways Federal pro grams could '•enefit trites on t he Reserva tions. Consisten t with this approach, the legislature appropriated $ 304 , 700 as the Sta te ' s share of a federally -assisted hou s ing pro gram to cons t ru c t water and sewage facilities on all t hree Reserva tions. year. Tribal housing au t hori ties have been estat lished that will enaLle the Indians to administer these systems and look to housing assis tance from the U . S. Department of Housing and Urban Developmen t . Tne Catholic Church has organi zed, along wi t h some o t her agencies, a Division of Indian Services to sponsor year-round reservation programs in he al t h educa tion and secondary scho o l counseling. by ( From the Report on State Governmental Activi ties, issued January 6 , 1 968 Gov. Kenneth l:l. Curt is - reprin ted from the Maine Sunday Telegram, 1 / 7 / 6 8 ) POS S IBLE PASSAMA UODDY 0-J - T PROGRA.11 GIVEN HIGH PRIORITY A mid-December meeting wi th officials in charge of Manpower Development and Training in l1aine brought out the fac t tha t a lack of Federal funds will force cancella t ion of MD TA basic educa tion courses. It also brough t out tha t failure of the On-The-Job - Training Program t o b e funded i s holding u p top priority programs tha t would be developed to help the disadvantaged in F ranklin County and the Passamaquoddy Tribal Councils ' Community Action Program. Governor Cur t is told the mee ting that the fund shortage has created an " extremely serious " situa tion. He has wired mem ers of Congress urging their . suppor t in ob taining federal funding for con tinuation of programs at least a t the same level a s previous years. Randall Nichols, Maine Supervisor of t he Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training , U . S . Dep t . o f Labor, t old t he mee ting tha t emergency funding should be provided for at least three of t hre e is one for the most vital 0-J - T pro je c t s . the Passamaauoddy Tribal C oun cils' Among these Communi ty Action Program . This is a proposed " c oupled' i 0-J - T pilot program to aid persons in t he Indian communities of the Pleasant Point and Indian Township Reserva tions. The d e t ails of the program would be developed by the CAP Commi t tee . nature and magnitude of Indian poverty, education and employmen t, 25 The resul � from inade�ua te demands a special approach as proposed by the pro j e ct. This initial effort would involve Nichols said, t o provide needed guidance and j o b -site training t rainees and would cost approximately (Extracted from �laine OEO News, Augusta, Me. , $ 30 , 000 . Vo l . 1 , No . 9) CAN ' T B4'\ME HORSE FOR HAVII�G COLD FEET (UPI) - Horse-sense took on a new meaning at the Nava j o snowbound f o r seve ral days by a fierce series o f bli z zards. WHITEWATER , Ariz. Reserva tion , An elderly Navajo , Sidney Yaz zie , trudged almost 10 miles through waist­ de ep snow to Luy groceries at the Whitewater Trading Post. trading post operator , Cal Foutz , The astounded asked why he didn't ride a horse. " Th e horse didn ' t want to go , " Yaz zie answered curtly. (From the Por t land Evening Express , 1 2/ 2 2/ E 7 ) DID YOU KNOW THAT Herbert S. Sperry , former Princ e t on , Me . , Scho o l Superint enden t , is t he new Dire c t or of t he Sta te Division of the Office of Economic Opportunit y ? was named by Gov. Curtis t o replace former Direc t or Clyde Bartle tt . He �( 16 ) L . D . 1858 : TUE S TORY OF A B OND I�SUF. P. U�. "AN Ac t to Au thorize B ond I s sue in the Amoun t of $ 384 , 0 00 for Deve 4opment of Educa t ion , Sewage and Water F ac i l i t i e s at Indian Re s erva tions" " EDUCATION , DE PAR TMENT OF Ind ian Scho o l s Peno b s c o t Reserva tion Ind ian Town ship Re serva tion Pleasan t Po in t Re s erva tion INDIAN AFFAIR S , DEPARTMENT OF Ind ian Town ship Re servat ion . Pr inceton Area Wa ter and Sewage Faci l i t ie s . $ 73 , 000 7 3 , 000 103 , 000 $ 24 9 , 000 $ 135 , 000" "Sha l l the State provide for con s truc t ion and modernization o f s choo l faci l i t ie s a t the three Ind ian reservat ion s and cons truct water and sewage fac i l i t i e s at Ind ian Township Re s erva t ion ( at ) Pr inceton by i s su ing bond s in the amoun t o f $ 384 , 000 , pas s ed at the Second Spe cial Se s s ion of the 103rd Legi s l ature ? " - t o b e submi t ted " a t a special e ta te•wide e le c t ion to be he ld o n June 1 7 , 1968 " . Thi s prop o s a l f ir s t s aw the l ight o f day in Governor Cur t is ' pro c lamat ion c a l ling the S econd Special S e s s ion of the 103rd Legi s lature , which read fn part : " Two b ond i s sue s for ( 1 ) re s idential fac il i t ie s at Maine Mar i t ime Academy and F armington S ta te Col l ege ; and ( 2 ) water and sewage sys tem and educational fac i l­ i tie s for the Indian Re servat ions ; " In h i s addr e s s to the convent ion o f Senator s and Repres entatives on January 9 t h , the opening day o f the Spec ia l Se s s ion , Governor Cur t i s , in re ferring to the Indian Re s ervation bond i s sue propo s a l , s aid : " The second wou ld provide $ 3 84 , 000 as the S t a te ' s contribu tion for water and sewerage sys tems at the Prince­ ton Indian Re servat ion and for new Ind ian s cho o l s at the Penob s c o t Re serva t ion , Pe ter Dana Poin t , and Pleas an t Point. to r eplace the pre s en t o ld , crowded fac i l i t ie s . The State mus t accept the re s pon s ib i l i ty for rapid improvement in educat ion o ppor tun i t i e s and l iving cond i t io n s on our Re ser­ vations � " L .D . 1 85 8 , the Indian bond i s sue b i l l , was r eferred to the Legi s la t ive Commi t tee on Appropr i a t ions and Financial Affair s , chaired by Sena tor Ri chard N . Berry (R-Cumber lan d ) and Repr e sentative Harold Bragdon (R- Perham) .· - Te s t imony suppor t ing the b i l l was pre sented on January 10th by Mr. Omar Nor ton , representing t he Dep t . o f Educat ion , and Commi s s ioner Edward Hinckley , Dep t . of Indian Affair s . Commis s ioner Hinckley submi t ted t o the Commi t tee , i n add ition t o hi s ora l t e s t i • mony , a wr i t ten s ta tement per t aining to t h e need for water and sewage fac i li t i e s in the Prince ton area o f t h e Indian Township Re servat ion . Information o n both mea sure s had b e e n a l s o pre s ented t o the Appr opr iations Commi ttee at the Legis l ature ' s r egular s e s s ion in January , 196 7 . Very few que s t ions were a sked by the Commi t tee memb er s ; Commi s s ioner Hinckley a s sured the Commi t tee that the a c tual s it e p l ann ing of the sewage and water fac i l i t i e s would be conducted py t he Indi an Town ship Pas samaquoddy Re s ervation Hous ing Authority , and that such p lanning woul d have to mee t f ederal specifications for approval . There was no oppos'i tion to the b i l l expr e s sed at the hearing . On January 1 8 th , the Appropr iations Commi t tee repor ted the b i l l out o f Comnii t tee t o the Hous e o f Repre sentative s , wi th a unanimous Ought Not To Pas s repor t . Thi s meaQ t that a l l 1 0 members o f the CoDDDi t te e fel t that the Legi s ­ l ature s hou ld no t approve the b i l l . The Commi t tee c@n s i s ts of 7 Repub licans and 3 Democr atS:(Continued on �f l 'I) ( Con t inue d from Pa ge l G } U i �:�- ""t1 t debate, the House vo ted t o accept · the Com.rui t tee ' s r epor t . LD te.r that (D •Klngman ) , the b i l l ' s r:?on s or , made a mo tion that the Hous e r e cons ider its action ( in accept ing the Oug h t No t To Pas s r eport o f the Commi t tee ) . Representative Catherine carswe l l (D � Por t land ) suppor ted this mo t ion , s aying tha t many Hou se member s aid no t under s t and the oppo s i t ion to the b i l l and tha t they needed an extra day to look into the ma tter r Repr e s entative Bragdon oppo s ed the mo tion , poin ting out that the Appropr i at ions Commi t tee had g iven care ful cons ideration to the measure and had unanimous ly agreed that the b i l l should no t pas s . Repre sentative Rodney Scr ibner (D- Por t • land ) a l s o oppo sed S t arb ird ' s mo tion f o r recons iderat ion . Scr ibner sugges ted that there had been too l i t tle p l anning done on the propo sed cons truction pro j e c t s and que s t ioned whe ther the Indian Affairs Depar t­ ment could hand le any more cons truct ion pro j e c t s now other than the one s already author ize d at Pe ter Dana Poin t , Pleasan t Point and the Penob scot Reservat ion . He repor ted that i t had b een " informa l ly agreed that the sum o f $ 25 , 00 0 shou ld be appropr iated to the Bureau of Pub lic Improvements to plan the se pro j e c t s . " Mr . Starb ird sugg·e s ted than any p l anning requir�d could be done during the t ime b e tween pas sage of the b i l l and the June e le ct ion , for examp l e , s o that more time would n o t be los t . He po in ted ou t that i f the b i l l author i z ing the bond i s sue re ferendum were no t pas sed , " i t w i l l be two year s before we can ge t to work ; two year s , two more year s for grade s choo l enro l lment ; two more year s o f l a ck of adquate sewerage ; two more years of po l lution in a lake a long Pr in ce t on S trip , a l l of the s e to continue in thi s snowbal l ing increas ing con­ d ition . " A ro l l call vo t e wa s reques ted by Mrs . Carswe l l and approved by a t l e a s t one-fifth o f the mem er s o f t h e House . The vo te on Repre senta t�ve S tarbird ' s mot ion to reconsider the previous House acceptance o f the Commi t te e report was Ye s : 5 1 ; No : 79 ; Ab sen t : 20 . Accordingly , the b i l l was sent to the Senate for concurrence . Thursday afternoon , Governor Kenne th M. Curt i s i s sued a s tatemen t , urging that the Legi s la ture pas s the bond i s sue b il l . " The S tate of Maine , " said Cur t i s , "has the prime re spon s ib i l i ty for improving the l iving condi tions o f our f e l low c i t i zens re s id ing o n re s erva tions . " Of special concern , s aid Cur t i s , i s the fai lure o f the Appropr iations Commit tee and the House o f Repr e s ­ entative s to accept the b i l l - h e s tated that only favorabl e ac tion b y the Maine Senate could keep the b i l l a live . The b i l l re ached the Senate on the afternoon of the 1 8 th , where it was tabled by Senator Hera ld a . 1Becke t t (R-Washing ton ) un til Fr iday , the 1 9 t h . On t h e morning o f t h e 19th , t h e b i l l came u p f o r con s iderat ion in the . Senate . Senator Becke t t made a mo tion that the b i l l be sub s t i tuted for the repor t of the Appropr iations Commi t tee . The Senator spoke at length in suppor t o f his mo t ion , dicu s s ing the sewage and water pro j e ct s , and the s choo l cons truct ion pro j ec t s , separate ly . In d i s cu s s ing the Princeton " Strip" area of the Indian Township Re serva­ t ion , Sen . Be cke t t accur a te ly d e s cr ibed the unsafe and i l legal condi tion s that He empha s i zed the exis t due to inade quate water and lack o f sewage fac il i t ies . negat ive impre s s ion thJ t tour i s t s receive from trave ling through the Re s ervat ion and s e e ing the se cond i t ions , and explained why �the locat ion was a des ireable p lace for tr iba l members to l ive , in terms o f acce s s ib i l ity to j ob s in the near­ He descr ibed the vo l�me of mai l which he ha s received a s Chair ­ by communit i e s . man o f the Ind ian Affairs Commi t tee of the Legis lature , asking that s omething be; done , and he e� p lained the impor tance of the proposed water and sewage fac i l i t ie G t o feder a l ly"a s s i s ted hous ing programs which the Indian Township Hous ing Author� · . · i ty is reques t ing for the Re serva tion . In d i s cuss ing the propo sed additions to the s choo l buildings on a l l thTee Reservation s , Sen . Be cke t t descr ibed the needed fac i l i ties , emphas i z ing the delapid ated cond i t ions of the s chool at Pe ter Dana Poin t and the overcrowded (Continued on Page 1 8 ) cl ay , Re pr e sentative G l enn Starb ird , Jr . · �(18) L . D . 1858 : THE S TORY ( Continued from Page 1 7 ) • • • • cond i t ions ex i s t ing at Pleasan t Poin t , par ticular ly . He explained th a ti con­ s truc t ion of the propo sed s choo l add i t ion s wou ld permi t , for example , such pro­ grams as kind ergar t ens to b e s tar ted : " The bui lding o f the se c las srooms and t h i s mu l t ipurpo se room , whi ch cou ld be u s ed for kind ergar ten purpo se s , I think ,­ wou ld be a gre at he lp in fur thering their educat ion . You can imagine when the se chi ldren come in on the firs t morn ing of school , the t eache r says ' Good morning , children , ' and they are apt to say ' B ox we nox see lum , ' which I think mean s ' What d id you s ay ? ' They don ' t unders tand the Eng l i s h language and they are at a d i s advan tage t o s tart w i th . " Senator B e cke t t read Gov . Cur t i s ' pr e s s s t atemen t to the Sena t e , and pre ­ s en t ed e ach senator with a copy o f a s t a tement from Commi s s ioner Logan and one from Commi s s ioner Hinckley , further exp laining the pr opo sed bond i s sue b il l . S ena tor B erry announced his suppor t o f Sen . Becke t t ' s mo t ion , and exp lained that more in forma tion wa$ now ava i l ab l e on the b i l l t han had been pre sen ted to t he Appropr iati9ns Commi t tee at the January 10th hearing . Berry a l s o pointed ou t how mu�h .money h ad been appropriated by the 102nd and 103rd Leg i s latur e s f o r t h e Ind ian s o f Maine , and s aid : " The people o f t h e S t a t e o f Maine ar e concern­ ed abou t the Ind ian prob lem and , if money can so lve i t , we cer tainly ar e trying to s o lve i t . I per sona l ly think that money wi l l not go a l l the way . " Senator B erry a l s o expr e s sed cons iderab le concern over the f i scal manage­ men t of the Dept . of Indian Affairs and cal led for appr�priate action to see that Commi s s ioner Hinckley d id no t "run rampant over a l locat ions made by the Leg i s l a tur e . " Senator Becke t t ' s mo tion ( to sub s t i tu te the b i l l for the report o f the Appropr i a t ions Commi t te e ) was furt her suppor ted by Senator Frank w . Ander son (R- Hancock ) , Senator J . Ho l li s Wyman (R-Washington) , Sena tor 'nleodore s . Cur t i s (R- Penob s co t ) , and Senator Pet er J . Far ley (D-York) , a l l o f whom spoke i n favor of the mo t ion . Whereupon , by a unanimous vo t e of 29-0 , the Senate vo ted t o sub s t i t u t e the b i l l f o r the repor t . Thi s decis ion o f the S enat e , d i sagre e ing wi th the Hou se ' s e ar li er accep tance the b i l l had to be of the negat ive Appropr ia tions Commi t te e repor t , me ·ant· r e turne d to the Hous e . Rep . Wal t er A . Birt The b i l l was t aken up by t he Hous e on January 2 3rd . (R-E . Mi l linocke t ) , a member o f the Appropr iat ion s Commi t te e , moved that the Hous e "recede and concur with the Senate" - in o ther word s , r eve r s e i t s ear l ier Rep . Harrison Ri chard­ a c t ion and agree w i t h the Senate ' s acc eptance of t he b i l l . son (R-Cumberland) , Maj or ity F loor Leader , a sked for unanimous House approval o f Rep . Birt ' s mo t ion , as d i d Rep . Emi l ien A . Leve s que (D-Madawa ska ) , Minor ity F loor Repr e sentatives S tarb ird and Car swe l l a l so spoke in favor of Rep . B ir t ' s Leader . mot ion ; a vo t e was taken , and the mo t ion was adopted by a vote of 1 2 2- 7 . Final readings and pas sage o ccurre d shor t ly there a f ter , and o n January 26th The fu ture of t he t he bond i s sue bi l l was s igned in to l aw by Governor Cur t i s . bond . i s sue , and t he fund s it wou ld provid e , now res t s with a l l the voters o f the S ta t e o f Main e , who wi l l have a chance to regi s t er their opinion at the s tate -wide e le c t ion on June 1 7 , 1968 . · PENOB S COT TRIBAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE NAMED At a Penobscot Tr ibal Coun c i l mee t ing he ld on January 18th� Governor John Mi t c he l l appo in ted a 3-member Tr ibal Educat ion Commi t te e , con s is t ing of S i s ter Mary Norma , Chairman ; Vio l e t Shay and Tere s a Sappier • .Y . .. . H * � * - e, FLASH - Ex-Penob scot VISTA , Harold ii sk:ip 11 · Farkas, now VISTA Leader for Main J . Cour ser, daughter o f Mr . and Mrs . J am e s Courser i s engaged t o marry Mi ss Susan Su s an i s a s enior at Colby Colleg e , in Waterville . - FLASH of Springvale . �(19) F IR S T ALL-DID IAH S COUT TROOP TO B E IPDUCTED PR UTCE TOl'T - The f ir s t a l l - Ind ian Boy Scout troop on a Pas s am:: nuo ddy Ind i an Re s erva t i o n w i l l be forma l ly indu c t e d into the N a t i onal oy S c ou t o r g an ­ i z a t io n on F eb ruar y 1 3 a t t he Pr inc e t on High S c ho o l gymna s ium . The announ ceme n t wa s made Tu e s d ay t hrough S c outma s t er G i lb er t H e l l s of Woo d l an d . He l l s s a id he ex pec t ed tha t the char t e r wi l l b e pre s e n t e d b y an o f f ic ia l r e pr e s en t a t ive o f t he Katahd in Are a Coun c i l t o the n ew coun c i l troop numb er 148 , w h i c h wi l l b e o f f i c ia l ly r e c ogn i zed a s " Pa s s ama quoddy Ind ian R e s e r ­ v a t i o n Un i t Numb er l. " • • • ' ;Governor Kenn e th M . Cur t i s and Commi s s ioner o f Ind ian A f f a ir s Edward Hin c k l ey are b o t h very much e n t hu s e d about the forma t ion of this f ir s t a l l ­ Ind i an s cou t un i t , and w e are expe c t ing a per sona l me s s age from the gove rnor dur ing the o f f i c ia l indu c t ion , " ·Je l l s s aid • • • • The s c ou tma s t er exp l ained that t he un i t wi l l be made up o f s even c har t e r memb e r s w i t h the ir age s r ang ing from 1 1 to 1 6 . " B y the e n d o f t h e year , we exp e c t to have 1 5 s c ou t s from the (Ind ian Town ship Re s erva t io n ) to make up Un i t 1 , 1 1 He l l s exp l a ine d . Thi s wi l l be known as the 1 9 6 7 pro j e c t , s in c e i t was b e gun l a s t f a l l w i t h We l l s me e t ing with the Ind i an peop l e a t Pe ter Dana Po i n t and with the par i s h pri e s t . The 1 9 6 8 pr o j e c t wi l l g e t und er way l a t e next fa l l at the Pleasan t Poi n t R e s ervat i on w i th t h e f o rma t ion o f • : Pa s s amaquoddy Ind ian R e s erva t ion Un i t Number W i t h both 2." t he ir own power Town , in the Pr i n c e t o n and Perry r e s erva t ion un i t s .•J e l l s exp e c t s fun c t io n ing und er Ind ian I s land , to b e g i n a t hird un i t at in Old the fa l l of 1 9 6 9 . ·Je l l s , uho b e c ame a Boy S cout in Eng l and in 1 9 2 6 ; and was a Cub Scout has been pioneer ing in s e t t ing up s cou t t r o o p s and condu c t ing b e fore t ha t , s c ou t ing pro j e c t s over a 30 -year period • • � S ince b e ing i n Washing t on Coun ty for l i t t le more than a year , �e l l s has a c qu ired a $ 1 5 0 donat ion from the Long I s l and , ate �. Y . , Kiwan i s Club and $ 2 5 0 from a New Haven , Conn . , bu s ine s s as s o c i ­ ( to he l p suppor t t he Ind ian s c ou t organ i z a t ion s ) . (From the B angor D a i ly News , 2/ 1 /68) HI JCKLEY ORDERED TO TREAD LINE ON MONEY AUGUS TA iDDlled i a t e - The dire c tor o f Ind ian Affairs was t o ld Fr iday to t ake to ke e p d e p ar tme n t a l spending wi thin the le g i s l ature ' s appro pr i ­ l e g i s l a t ive s p e c i a l se s s ion covered a n $ 1 8 , 000 d e f i c i t the de par t ­ (AP) s t ep s a t ion . The But l awmaker s r e fu s ed men t had incurr ed i n the f i r s t ha l f o f the f i s c a l year . to appropr i a t e the ad d i t ional $ 30 , 000 thi s ye ar and $48 , 000 next ye ar t he d e ­ par tmen t s a id was n e c e s s ary . Edward C . Hi n c k l e y t o ld the l eg i s la tor s and s t a t e o f f i c i a l s he wou ld cut spend in g t o avo id a fur ther d e f i c i t bu t that i t wou ld mean a redu c t ion i n what he con s ider s min imum programs . " I p lan to l e t t he Ind i an s d e c id e where the c u t s sha l l be made ; the y ' re the one s who ar e g o ing to be hur t , 1 1 Hinckley s aid . c a l l ed by Sen . Ri chard N . B erry , R - Cape E l i zabe t h , l eg i s lat ive appropr i a t i on s commi t t e e , who expr e s s ed concern abou t over - s p end ing . B erry s aid he wa s surpr i s e d t ha t no t on ly the d epar tme n t head but a l s o t he g overnor and exe c u t ive coun c i l and the finance coDDll i s s ioner The in forma l s e s s i on was cha irman o f the and bud g e t o f f i cer c ou ld be unaware a de f i c i t .was be ing c r e a t e d . F i nance Commi s s ioner Maur i c e F . Wi l l iams s aid Maine ' s a c coun t ing s y s t em W i l l i ams is ade qu a t e ' no t o n ly to r e cord • • • b u t to contro l s t a te expend i ture s . " t o ld Ber ry and o th e r s at t he s e s s ion t ha t " t he t hing we can ' t con t r o l i s human 11 weakne s s - peo p l e who d e l ib er a t e ly c ircumven t our con�ro l s . Hinckley d e n i e d tha t he was de l ib er a t e ly c ir cumvent ing c on tro l s or law . ( Cont inued on Page 20) �( 20 ) (Cont inued from Page 1 9 ) H e s a�d that when Ind ian a f f a i r s wer e hand led by t h e He a l th a n We �fare Depar t ­ � � t , s u c h over - spend ing w a s covered b y tran s fers wi thin that d epar tment ' s appropr ia t ion s . Hinckley t o ld the me e t ing the d epar tmen t is as s i s t ing 60 Penob s co t and 1 1 0 Pa s s ama quoddy ( c as e s ) with we l fare needs . (From the Bangor Da i ly News , 2 / 3-4/ 68 ) OEO GRANT APPROVED F OR INDIANS PERRY - Ar chie La Coo te , ( Fa s s attaquoddy Ind ian Communi ty Ac tion Program d ir e c tor ) repor ted t hat he has rec e ived no t i f i ca t ion of approva l of an Off ice of E conomic Oppor tun ity grant in the amoun t of $ 9 6, 7 1 3 . 00 , which g ives the "Go" s i gn for d eve l opment o f the C . A . P . program a lready submi t ted to and approved by the OEO o ff i ce in New York , for the improvement of the Indian commun i t ie s . A t the regu l ar mon thly mee t ing o f the Pas s ama quoddy Commun ity Act ion Program board of d irec tor s at Pleasan t Poin t , Sunday aft ernoon , it was announced that Linwood Sapie l , cha irman of the board , had r e s igned in ord er to take over du t ie s as C . A . P . hou s ing coord inator for the group . Gov . John S t evens w i l l r ep lace S ap i e l as C . A . P . chairman . LaCoote a l so repor te d that John Ni cho las of Pleasant Point and Morr i s Brooks o f Princ e t on wi l l b e sent t o a spe c ial s choo l for a s s i s tant C . A . P . d ix ec­ Clas s e s are schedu led to begin February 19 . tor s a t a co l lege in Mad i s on , W i s c . They were Two new member s wer e we lcomed to the C . A � P . board Sunday . Mrs . Pot t le Mr s . Barb ar a Kend a l l and Mr s . Virginia Po t t le , bo t h of Perry . Others a t tend ing the board mee t ing was a s s igned to t he pub l i c i ty commi t tee . wer e Ri ta A l t avat er , C . A . P . board s e cre tary ; Sandra Pot t le of Perry and George S tevens of Prince ton . (From the B angor Dai ly News , 1 / 2 3 / 68 ) FROM HERE A ND THERE " Paul E . I Parks , De an of S tud ent s , Eas tern Maine Vocat iona l - Te chn ical In s t i tu te , announced F r iday the f o l l owing s tuden t s had b e en named t o the Dean ' s list Au tomot ive Te chno logy : Owen Lo lar - 3 . 4 7 aver age ; Elec tronic s : Jeffrey Both members o f the (Bangor Dai ly New s , 2/ 3-4 /68 . Gos l ine - 3 . 35 average . " Penob s c o t Tr ib e , and both Freshmen , Owen i s t he son of Mr . and Mrs . Henry Lo lar ; Je ffrey is the son of Mr . and Mr s . Erne s t Go s l in . - Ed . ) • • • • Mr s . LaDonna Harr i s (Comanche ) , wife o f U . S . Senator Fred R . Harr i s of Oklahoma , has been named chairman of the recent ly organ i zed Women ' s Advisory 20 prominen t women serve on the commi t tee , whi ch wa s Coun c i l on Poverty . Mrs . Harr i s founded formed at the inv i t a t ion o f OEO Direc tor Sargen t Shr iver . (See Page 1 2 , Apri l 1967 i s sue . -Ed . ) Okl ahomans for Ind ian Oppor tun i ty in 1 9 65 . · Mi s s Crys t a l A . Sha f fer , f i f th-grade s tudent on t he Penob s co t Re servat ion , r e cent ly won a red r ibbon in the s t a te -wide App le Ar t Con t e s t of the S ta te Daugh ter of Mr s . Roxanne Shaffer , Cry s t a l is a s tu­ Depar tme n t o f Agr icu l t ure . On ly 80 pr i z e s were awarded among some 2 , 000 entr ies . dent of S i s t er Mary Norma . The Pas s amaquoddy Indians o f Pleasan t Point wi l l par t icipate , on Augus t 1 1 , i n a week- long c e l ebrat ion o f the 1 50th birthd ay o f t he Town o f Perry , which be­ gins on Augu s t 4 th . Th e new ly-formed Ind ependent Po s ta l Sy s tem o f America (Ok lahoma City) , which on February 1 s t began �ha l lenging the U . S . Po s t Office Departmen t in the d e l ivery o f 3rd c la s s mai l , wi l l hire a subs tanial number of Ok lahoma Ind ians for i t s p l anned nat ion-wide de l ivery sys tem. �- 21 * - - •'" - c PLEAS ANT POIN T NEvi 3 Mb.RY YAR11AL , Re p o r t e r C ongra t s t o S t an i s laus & B e t t y C raig Bai le y . We d J a n 19, 1968 . Re c e n t ly G ov. J o s e ph Mi t c he ll v i s i t e d his daugh t e r hr s . Lar i on G r e e n and fami l y in New Je r s e y. B e lat e d S ympa thy t o f r i e nds and re la t i v e s o f Noe l S o c o b y, de c e as e d . January 2 , 1968 . D r . B i l l da lke r and B ob Hadd e n w e r e v i s i t ors last mon t h ; we init ia t e � t hem t o a ska t i n g par t y. On Januar y 15 , 1968 I s t at t e d as a C omwun,kk7 Ai de un d e r epe r qt i on ain S t r e am , Pe n ob s c o t C oun ty C . A . P . ·- · ) -oT ICE OT ICE N OT ICE NOT ICE CENSUS is b e ing t aken a t Ple asant Poin t . Any o f f - r e s e rvat i on Ind ians wishing family memb e rs t o be add e d t o t he C e nsus , Please send n ame s and �ge s t o : Mrs . Nar y S o c oby Yarl.Jal, J3 ox 239, Pe r r y , Mai ne . Thank y o u. x x x x 1- ORE NE�IS Elizab e th S t an l e y a ls o s e n t word on N oe l S o ckoby ' s d ea t h , adding he was f 2MPd1 d e ad at his h owe a t Ple asan t Poin t , and that t h e flie d i c a l Examine r 7 E e d i e d o f a heart at ta c k . An t h ony R e x T h omas , f r om t h e V IS TA , w i l l b e t e a c hing at Pleasant on H i gh S c h o o l F:qu iva le n c y t e s t s f o r t h is c oL1ing Apr i l . Anyb ody h o !'li s h e s t o t · c e par t in this Pr ogram may d o s o i n ord e r t o ge t h is or h e r dipl oaa , C las s e s f i ll be h e ld at the t r ib a l hal l e v e r y Tue sday - Thursday n i gh t s a t 7 P . M . f o r t h o s e w h o a r e liv i n g at Ple asan t Po int . A CH A N CE TO HELP P o in t An yb ody w is h ing t o d onate or he lp t h e Pas s amaq u o d r y Ind ian c h ildre n on gam e s are urge d t o d o s o . Game s are nee de d f or use during t h e w in t e r on ths and dur i n g t he s umme r . An y o f the f o ll owing lis t of game s ma y b� sent : Ping Pong , B ad miin t o n· gaoe , D ar t game , C he cke rs , Jvionop o ly, S cralhle , Nouse T rap game , Pac he s i , and e qu ip� e n t f or S e cke r game . The s e game s may b e s e n t t o E lizab e t h M . S t an le y C ommun i t y c t i on A i d e , Pleasant Poin t , Pe rry, r ·aine 04667 _ - x x x x We d ne s day, January 24t h t h e G ov e r n o r ' s C o un c il c on f i rme d s e v e ra l Among \ o f G ov. C ur t is ' s n ominat i on s t o fill o f f i c e r s ar ound t h e s t a t e . t he s e . was He l e n G o s lin o f Old T ovm ,Re.g i s t r a t ior l C ow 1is s i on e r o f I n d ian Is land. x x x x �- 22 ( T he f o l l owing in f orma t i on w s r e c e iv e d in N ov e wb e r , b ut a f t e r the Nov e mb e r i s s ue was pr int e d and r e ady f or dis t r i b u t i on . S in c e D e c . w a s t o o l c;. t e t o b e ne f i t anyone and s i n c e t he D e c e u1b e r is s u e w2.s s o l o n g , I de c id e d i t was b e s t t o wait un t i l t h i s m on t h . -E d) D e ar Mr s . T homps on : As a s t ud e n t of t he Ins t i t u t e o f Ame ri can Indian Ar t s in S an t a Fe , I t hi nk i t ' s o n l y r igh t t o s e e t hat Pas sanaquo ddy Indian s are repre s e n t e d in t he l i s t ings o f In d ian C h r i s t mas c ar ds . I ap�ar e n t ly n e gle c t e d t o i n f orm t h e M . I . N . L . las t ye ar when I d e s i gn e d a n Indi&n C h r i s t mas card f e a t ur i ng aut h e n t i c Indian pe t r o Glypths . Many of t h e 0e cards we re s e n t to all pa r t s o f t h e c o untry and plainly s t a t e on the reverse side t ha t t he y CTe r e d e s i gne d b y a Pas s amaquoddy In di an . The s e c ards w i l l be a gain avai lab l e as s o on as I hav e t i �e to print t he m . It may i n t e r e s t memb e r s o f t he t r ib e that a 1 1 Pas sai.ia q u od d y 1 1 is t h e e le c t e d Pre s id e nt o f t , e s t ud e n t S e na t e a t t he Ins t i t u t e o f Ame r i c an I Ind ian Ar t s whi c h r e gu lat e o v e r ' 3 000. 00 o f s c h o o l a c t iv i t y funds . a l s o o q.'.an i z e d a band w h i c h is s u c c e s s fu lly playin g at vari ous Pue b l o v i l l a ge s n e ar S an t a F e . S o t he Pas s awaquoddy t r ib e i s n ' t t o t a lly un - r e �re se n t e d . T h o s e w h o w i s h a s ample -pr o o f o f the C h r i s tmas cards may wr i t e t o me h e r e a t t he In s t i t u t e . My t hanks go t o t h e aine Indian N e w s l e t t t) r whi c h h&s un fai l ingly s e n t c opie s t h i s pas t ye ar . S in c e r e ly , R o ge r J . Gab r i e l ( Passamaquod dy) Ins t . Ame r . Indian �r t s C e r r i l l o s R oad S an t a Fe , New Mexi c o 87501 x x x x x x x ADDIT ION TO BAPT I S T CHURCH N or d has b e e n r e c e iv e d that an add it ion has b e e n· c omple t e d on the Bap t i s t C hur c h on Indian Is land . The Pa s t or o f t he c hur c h i� Rev . Fre d Ludwig . x x x x x x x T h e Nav a j o Th e Nava j o Indian s hav e r e c e iv e d h e lp o f vari ous kinds dur ing and s i n c f t h e r e c e n t b li z zard whi c h s w e p t o v e r t h e Re s e r va t i on . B u t t h e y c o u l d s t i l l u s e more h e lp . I und e r s t and g o o d c l o t hing is one t h ing t h e y c ou l d u s e . A n y o f o u r r e ad e r s w h o w ou ld like t o h e lp out an o t h e r Ga llup C o1Ill11u ni t y In dian C e n t e r Ind i a n T r i b e m a y s e nd t h ings t o e i t h e r : a nd/or t h e C a t h o l i c Ind ian C e n t e r, b o th a t Ga llup, N e w Me xi c o . 87104. X X X ·X X X X La s ·t mon t h t h e New s le t t e r s t a t e d t h e int e nt ion t h is m on t h o f w r i t in g a n ar t i c l e r e ga rd i n g t h e Pas sa maquoddy Indians a s v ie w e d from ' s l i d e s s h own in a N e w York C i t y C h u r c h , f r om i n f orma t i on sent to t he N e ws le t t e r b y Jvir . G e orge La Po r t e . mht t his ar t i c le as we l l as the i n t e nd e d a r t i c le on t h e Pine Tree Lega l As s i s t a n c e mus t b e he ld o f f u n t i l n e xt m on t h. S 9r r y . D o n ' t f or g e t t o s e nd in your n e w s a n d a r t i c le s . �Pir.·-. : t··e t ���0 £ �R PTI C:J POJ .i:;y , '1� _ -· • 04 03 2 .. . . EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 1968 0 .!}:::-:., {\ fN Indian Non- Indian (Regular ) " (Contr ibu ing ) 11 ( Suppor t ing) ( Li fe t ime ) - FREE $ 2 . 00/year - $ 5 . 00/year -$ 10 . 00/year -$50 . 00 • If you are a NON- INDIAN , wherever you l ive , f i l l out and send in the sub ­ scr ipt ion s lip (be low) WITH the appro­ pr iate amoun t . Your subB cr iption w i l l begin wi t h the nex t avai lab le i s sue af t er your subs cr ipt ion is received . The addr e s s lab e l s indicate the s ta tu s " I-F" means o f your sub s cr ipt ion . " Indian-Free . " The abbreviation of a mont h (JAN) is the t ime - next year your subscrip t ion fee wi l l again be due . � w i l l BQ! ge t � individual expirat ion no t ice , � be �! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - � - - - - - - - - - - � - - - - - - - - - - � - - - - - - - - - I would l ike to r e ce ive regular monthly i s sue s o f the Maine Indian New s let ter : NON-I ND IAN DATE __ ADDRESS --�------�-�- ------- INDIAN__ TRIBE ( S tre e t , or Po s t Off ice B ox ) ------- AMOUNT ENCLOSED ; $ _ _ _ _ _ (City S tate Z IP Cod e ) Sub s cr ipt ion rat e s : Indian -0- ; Non-Indian - $ 2 , (Regular ) , $ 5 (Con tr ibuting ) , $ 10 { Suppor t ing ) , $ 50 (Life t ime ) Send this s l ip , with your sub s cript ion charge , i f appl icab l e , to : MAINE INDIAN NEWSY.ETTER Pine S tree t , Freeport , Maine 040 3 2 - - - - - - � - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - � - - - - - - - - - - - - -- � -� - - � - - - - � - - - - - - - - - - - - - � - Don ' t forget your ZIP Code ! �MAINE INDIAN NEWSIE T�R Pihe Str ee t Freepo rt, Maine 4 32 BULK RATE u .�. POSTAGE 3 . 6¢ PAID Fre epC" rt , Maine .33 Permit Ne • ADDRESS CORRECT ION REQUESTED Co lby Co l l•a• Libr 1 Colby Col lea• Vaterrill e , Mabe 0490 1 JD � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Penobscot Description An account of the resource The Penobscot people, who identify closely with the Penobscot River that is their home, have a reservation on Indian Island, near Old Town, Maine. Part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, they were among the tribes that won federal recognition in the 1980 Maine Indian Land Claims Settlement Act. <br /><br />A Penobscot scholar, Joseph Nicolar, was one of the first regional Native people to publish a book: <em>Life and Traditions of the Red Man</em> (1890). Since then, many others have written about their language and culture, including the performing artist Molly Spotted Elk and poet Carol Dana.<br /><br />The Penobscots have a rigorous process for protecting their intellectual property, asking any scholars who are studying or writing about them to communicate with their Cultural Heritage and Preservation Office.<br /><br /><strong>Resources</strong><br /><br />Penobscot Nation <a href="https://www.penobscotnation.org/" target="_blank">website</a><br /><a href="http://www.penobscotculture.com/" target="_blank">Penobscot National Cultural &amp; Historic Preservation Department</a><br /><br /> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Maine Indian Newsletter</em> (Jan. 1968) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ssipsis (Thompson, Eugenia) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Colby College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-01 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julia Brush Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Digital images courtesy of Colby College Library. In making these images available, we also consulted with ssipsis’ daughter, Pam Outdusis Cunningham. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DV-464